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Tan MY, Wu S, Zhu SX, Jiang LH. Association between exposure to organophosphorus pesticide and suicidal ideation among U.S. adults: A population-based study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 281:116572. [PMID: 38896903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the potential link between exposure to organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) and suicidal ideation (SI) among adults. METHODS This study encompassed four cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), involving 5244 participants aged 20 and above. SI was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The levels of exposure to OPPs were estimated by analyzing concentrations of OPP metabolites in urine samples. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to explore the association between exposure to each OPP and SI. Stratified analyses and interaction tests were conducted across various groups, including pairwise combinations of gender and age, as well as body mass index, smoking status, hypertension, and diabetes. Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) models were applied to assess the cumulative impact of exposure to the four OPPs on SI, along with their respective contributions. Additionally, the potential interactions among these four OPPs were evaluated. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression revealed that only dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP) among OPPs demonstrated a statistically significant positive association with SI [OR: 1.18; 95 % CI: 1.02-1.37]. Stratified analyses indicated that the influence of OPPs on SI was particularly pronounced in young and older men. The WQS regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association between the mixed metabolites of OPPs and SI [OR = 1.10, 95 % CI: 1.04-1.16], with DMTP (weighted 0.63) contributing the most. Furthermore, the BKMR model supported a positive trend in the overall impact of these OPP metabolites on SI, displaying notable individual exposure-response relationships for DMTP (PIP: 0.77). CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests an association between exposure to DMTP and an increased risk of SI. Specifically, young adult males and older males appear particularly susceptible to the effects of OPP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Yao Tan
- Chengdu Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shan Wu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Si-Xuan Zhu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li-Hai Jiang
- Chengdu Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Tymofiyeva O, Ho TC, Connolly CG, Gorrell S, Rampersaud R, Darrow SM, Max JE, Yang TT. Examining putamen resting-state connectivity markers of suicide attempt history in depressed adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1364271. [PMID: 38903634 PMCID: PMC11187256 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1364271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Suicide is a current leading cause of death in adolescents and young adults. The neurobiological underpinnings of suicide risk in youth, however, remain unclear and a brain-based model is lacking. In adult samples, current models highlight deficient serotonin release as a potential suicide biomarker, and in particular, involvement of serotonergic dysfunction in relation to the putamen and suicidal behavior. Less is known about associations among striatal regions and relative suicidal risk across development. The current study examined putamen connectivity in depressed adolescents with (AT) and without history of a suicide attempt (NAT), specifically using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to evaluate patterns in resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC). We hypothesized the AT group would exhibit lower striatal RSFC compared to the NAT group, and lower striatal RSFC would associate with greater suicidal ideation severity and/or lethality of attempt. Methods We examined whole-brain RSFC of six putamen regions in 17 adolescents with depression and NAT (MAge [SD] = 16.4[0.3], 41% male) and 13 with AT (MAge [SD] = 16.2[0.3], 31% male). Results Only the dorsal rostral striatum showed a statistically significant bilateral between-group difference in RSFC with the superior frontal gyrus and supplementary motor area, with higher RSFC in the group without a suicide attempt compared to those with attempt history (voxel-wise p<.001, cluster-wise p<.01). No significant associations were found between any putamen RSFC patterns and suicidal ideation severity or lethality of attempts among those who had attempted. Discussion The results align with recent adult literature and have interesting theoretical and clinical implications. A possible interpretation of the results is a mismatch of the serotonin transport to putamen and to the supplementary motor area and the resulting reduced functional connectivity between the two areas in adolescents with attempt history. The obtained results can be used to enhance the diathesis-stress model and the Emotional paiN and social Disconnect (END) model of adolescent suicidality by adding the putamen. We also speculate that connectivity between putamen and the supplementary motor area may in the future be used as a valuable biomarker of treatment efficacy and possibly prediction of treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Tymofiyeva
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tiffany C. Ho
- Department of Psychology, Brain Research Institute, Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Colm G. Connolly
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Sasha Gorrell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ryan Rampersaud
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sabrina M. Darrow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey E. Max
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tony T. Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Tian X, Liu X, Bai F, Li M, Qiu Y, Jiao Q, Li J, Zhang X. Sex differences in correlates of suicide attempts in Chinese Han first-episode and drug-naïve major depressive disorder with comorbid subclinical hypothyroidism: A cross-sectional study. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3578. [PMID: 38844426 PMCID: PMC11156525 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate sex differences in risk factors for suicide attempts in first-episode and drug naive (FEDN) major depressive disorder (MDD) with comorbid subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). METHODS A total of 1034 FEDN MDD patients with comorbid SCH were enrolled. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive subscale were used to assess patients' symptoms. Thyroid hormone levels and metabolic parameters were measured. RESULTS MDD patients with SCH had a significantly higher risk of suicide attempts than those without SCH (25.4% vs. 12.2%). Logistic regression showed that HAMA score, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) levels were significantly associated with an increased risk for suicide attempts in both male and female MDD patients comorbid SCH, while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was significantly associated with an increased risk for suicide attempts only in male patients, HAMD score and systolic blood pressure were significantly associated with an increased risk for suicide attempts only in female patients. CONCLUSION SCH comorbidities may increase suicide attempts in MDD patients. Our results showed significant sex differences in clinical and metabolic factors associated with suicide attempts among FEDN MDD patients with comorbid SCH, highlighting appropriate sex-based preventive interventions are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Tian
- Institute of Mental HealthTianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiao‐En Liu
- Institute of Mental HealthTianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Fengfeng Bai
- Institute of Mental HealthTianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Meijuan Li
- Institute of Mental HealthTianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yuying Qiu
- Institute of Mental HealthTianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qingyan Jiao
- Institute of Mental HealthTianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Mental HealthTianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiang‐Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental HealthInstitute of PsychologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Wu Q, Xing X, Yang M, Bai Z, He Q, Cheng Q, Hu J, Wang H, Fan Y, Su H, Liu Z, Cheng J. Increased Suicide Mortality and Reduced Life Expectancy Associated With Ambient Heat Exposure. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:780-788. [PMID: 38311191 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ambient heat exposure is a risk factor for suicide in many regions of the world. However, little is known about the extent to which life expectancy has been shortened by heat-related suicide deaths. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effects of heat on suicide mortality and quantify the reduced life expectancy associated with heat in China. METHODS A time-stratified, case-crossover analysis in 2023 was performed during the warm season (May to September) from 2016 to 2020 to assess the short-term association between extreme heat (the 95th percentile of mean temperature) and suicide mortality in Anhui Province, China. A subgroup analysis was performed according to sex, age, marital status, suicide type, and region. The attributable fraction and years of life lost due to heat were calculated, and the heat-related life expectancy loss was estimated. RESULTS This study included 9,642 suicide deaths, with an average age of 62.4 years and 58.8% of suicides in males. Suicide risk was associated with an 80.7% increase (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.4%-68.9%) after exposure to extreme heat (30.6°C) in comparison to daily minimum temperature (7.9°C). Subgroup analysis revealed that heat-related suicide risk was more prominent in the married population than in the unmarried population. Heat was estimated to be associated with 31.7% (95% CI: 18.0%-43.2%) of the suicides, corresponding to 7.0 years of loss in life expectancy for each decedent. CONCLUSIONS Heat exposure was associated with an increased risk of suicide and reduced life expectancy. However, further prospective studies are required to confirm this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyue Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Xiuya Xing
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China; Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Zhongliang Bai
- Department of Health Services Management, School of Health Services Management, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qin He
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China; Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Qianyao Cheng
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China; Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Jingyao Hu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China; Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China; Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China
| | - Yinguang Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Su
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China; Public Health Research Institute of Anhui Province, Hefei, China.
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, China.
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Meda N, Miola A, Cattarinussi G, Sambataro F. Whole-brain structural and functional neuroimaging of individuals who attempted suicide and people who did not: A systematic review and exploratory coordinate-based meta-analysis. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 79:66-77. [PMID: 38237538 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Suicide is the cause of death of approximately 800,000 people a year. Despite the relevance of this behaviour, risk assessment tools rely on clinician experience and subjective ratings. Given that previous suicide attempts are the single strongest predictors of future attempts, we designed a systematic review and coordinate-based meta-analysis to demonstrate whether neuroimaging features can help distinguish individuals who attempted suicide from subjects who did not. Out of 5,659 publications from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, we summarised 102 experiments and meta-analysed 23 of them. A cluster in the right superior temporal gyrus, a region implicated in emotional processing, might be functionally hyperactive in individuals who attempted suicide. No statistically significant differences in brain morphometry were evidenced. Furthermore, we used JuSpace to show that this cluster is enriched in 5-HT1A heteroreceptors in the general population. This exploratory meta-analysis provides a putative neural substrate linked to previous suicide attempts. Heterogeneity in the analytical techniques and weak or absent power analysis of the studies included in this review currently limit the applicability of the findings, the replication of which should be prioritised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Meda
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 3, Padua, Italy; Padova University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Miola
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 3, Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy; Casa di Cura Parco dei Tigli, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Cattarinussi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 3, Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 3, Padua, Italy; Padova University Hospital, Padua, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
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Navarro D, Marín-Mayor M, Gasparyan A, García-Gutiérrez MS, Rubio G, Manzanares J. Molecular Changes Associated with Suicide. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16726. [PMID: 38069051 PMCID: PMC10706600 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide is a serious global public health problem, with a worrying recent increase in suicide rates in both adolescent and adult populations. However, it is essential to recognize that suicide is preventable. A myriad of factors contributes to an individual's vulnerability to suicide. These factors include various potential causes, from psychiatric disorders to genetic and epigenetic alterations. These changes can induce dysfunctions in crucial systems such as the serotonergic, cannabinoid, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes. In addition, early life experiences of abuse can profoundly impact an individual's ability to cope with stress, ultimately leading to changes in the inflammatory system, which is a significant risk factor for suicidal behavior. Thus, it is clear that suicidal behavior may result from a confluence of multiple factors. This review examines the primary risk factors associated with suicidal behavior, including psychiatric disorders, early life adversities, and epigenetic modifications. Our goal is to elucidate the molecular changes at the genetic, epigenetic, and molecular levels in the brains of individuals who have taken their own lives and in the plasma and peripheral mononuclear cells of suicide attempters and how these changes may serve as predisposing factors for suicidal tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Navarro
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (D.N.); (A.G.); (M.S.G.-G.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Marta Marín-Mayor
- Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ani Gasparyan
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (D.N.); (A.G.); (M.S.G.-G.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - María Salud García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (D.N.); (A.G.); (M.S.G.-G.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación i+12, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Psychiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Avda de Ramón y Cajal s/n, San Juan de Alicante, 03550 Alicante, Spain; (D.N.); (A.G.); (M.S.G.-G.)
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones (RIAPAd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, MICINN and FEDER, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), 03010 Alicante, Spain
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Hasegawa M, Tanifuji T, Okazaki S, Otsuka I, Shirai T, Shindo R, Horai T, Mouri K, Takahashi M, Kondo T, Ueno Y, Hishimoto A. Association of two variable number of tandem repeats in the monoamine oxidase A gene promoter with suicide completion: The present study and meta-analysis. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:338-345. [PMID: 37202909 PMCID: PMC10496037 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One potential cause of suicide is serotonergic dysfunction. Sex differences have been reported to modulate the effects of serotonergic polymorphisms. Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is an enzyme that degrades serotonin and is located on the X chromosome. A previous study indicated that the upstream (u) variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) in the MAOA gene promoter may be associated with suicide. However, a meta-analysis showed that this polymorphism may not be related to suicide. According to a recent study, compared with the uVNTR, the distal (d)VNTR and the haplotypes of the two VNTRs modulate MAOA expression. METHODS We examined the two VNTRs in the MAOA gene promoter in 1007 subjects who committed suicide and 844 healthy controls. We analyzed the two VNTRs using fluorescence-based polymerase chain reaction assays. We conducted a meta-analysis for the two VNTRs to update it. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that neither the genotype-based associations nor allele/haplotype frequencies of the two VNTRs were significantly associated with suicide. In the meta-analysis, we did not indicate relationships between uVNTR and suicide nor did we identify articles analyzing dVNTR in suicide. CONCLUSION Overall, we did not find a relationship between the two VNTRs in the MAOA promoter and suicide completion; thus, warranting further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Hasegawa
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Takaki Tanifuji
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Satoshi Okazaki
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Ikuo Otsuka
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Toshiyuki Shirai
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Ryota Shindo
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Tadasu Horai
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Kentaro Mouri
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Motonori Takahashi
- Division of Legal Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Social Health ScienceKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Takeshi Kondo
- Division of Legal Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Social Health ScienceKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Yasuhiro Ueno
- Division of Legal Medicine, Department of Community Medicine and Social Health ScienceKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of PsychiatryKobe University Graduate School of MedicineKobeJapan
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Kim JM, Kang HJ, Kim JW, Choi W, Lee JY, Kim SW, Shin IS, Kim MG, Chun BJ, Stewart R. Multiple serum biomarkers for predicting suicidal behaviours in depressive patients receiving pharmacotherapy. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4385-4394. [PMID: 35578580 PMCID: PMC10388309 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predictive values of multiple serum biomarkers for suicidal behaviours (SBs) have rarely been tested. This study sought to evaluate and develop a panel of multiple serum biomarkers for predicting SBs in outpatients receiving a 12-month pharmacotherapy programme for depressive disorders. METHODS At baseline, 14 serum biomarkers and socio-demographic/clinical characteristics including previous suicidal attempt and present suicidal severity were evaluated in 1094 patients with depressive disorders without a bipolar diagnosis. Of these, 884 were followed for increased suicidal severity and fatal/non-fatal suicide attempt outcomes over a 12-month treatment period. Individual and combined effects of serum biomarkers on these two prospective SBs were estimated using logistic regression analysis after adjustment for relevant covariates. RESULTS Increased suicidal severity and fatal/non-fatal suicide attempt during the 12-month pharmacotherapy were present in 155 (17.5%) and 38 (4.3%) participants, respectively. Combined cortisol, total cholesterol, and folate serum biomarkers predicted fatal/non-fatal suicide attempt, and these with interleukin-1 beta and homocysteine additionally predicted increased suicidal severity, with clear gradients robust to adjustment (p values < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Application of multiple serum biomarkers could considerably improve the predictability of SBs during the outpatient treatment of depressive disorders, potentially highlighting the need for more frequent monitoring and risk appraisal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ju-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Wonsuk Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Il-Seon Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Byung Jo Chun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert Stewart
- King's College London (Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience), London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Samuels J, Bienvenu OJ, Krasnow J, Grados MA, Cullen BA, Goes FS, McLaughlin NC, Rasmussen SA, Fyer AJ, Knowles JA, McCracken JT, Geller D, Riddle MA, Piacentini J, Stewart SE, Greenberg BD, Nestadt G, Nestadt P. Prevalence and correlates of lifetime suicide attempt in obsessive-compulsive disorder with major depression. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 161:228-236. [PMID: 36940628 PMCID: PMC10149608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about specific obsessive-compulsive clinical features associated with lifetime history of suicide attempt in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and major depression. METHODS The study sample included 515 adults with OCD and a history of major depression. In exploratory analyses, we compared the distributions of demographic characteristics and clinical features in those with and without a history of attempted suicide and used logistic regression to evaluate the association between specific obsessive-compulsive clinical features and lifetime suicide attempt. RESULTS Sixty-four (12%) of the participants reported a lifetime history of suicide attempt. Those who had attempted suicide were more likely to report having experienced violent or horrific images (52% vs. 30%; p < 0.001). The odds of lifetime suicide attempt were more than twice as great in participants with versus without violent or horrific images (O.R. = 2.46, 95%, CI = 1.45-4.19; p < 0.001), even after adjustment for other risk correlates of attempted suicide, including alcohol dependence, post-traumatic stress disorder, parental conflict, excessive physical discipline, and number of episodes of depression. The association between violent or horrific images and attempted suicide was especially strong in men, 18-29 year olds, those with post-traumatic stress disorder, and those with particular childhood adversities. CONCLUSIONS Violent or horrific images are strongly associated with lifetime suicide attempts in OCD-affected individuals with a history of major depression. Prospective clinical and epidemiological studies are needed to elucidate the basis of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Samuels
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - O Joseph Bienvenu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janice Krasnow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marco A Grados
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bernadette A Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fernando S Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nicole C McLaughlin
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Steven A Rasmussen
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Abby J Fyer
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians, Surgeons at Columbia University and the New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York City, New York, USA
| | - James A Knowles
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - James T McCracken
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dan Geller
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Riddle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Piacentini
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Evelyn Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, USA
| | - Benjamin D Greenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Zheng H, Cheng J, Ho HC, Zhu B, Ding Z, Du W, Wang X, Yu Y, Fei J, Xu Z, Zhou J, Yang J. Evaluating the short-term effect of ambient temperature on non-fatal outdoor falls and road traffic injuries among children and adolescents in China: a time-stratified case-crossover study. FRONTIERS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2023; 17:105. [PMID: 37033401 PMCID: PMC10067518 DOI: 10.1007/s11783-023-1705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although studies have suggested that non-optimal temperatures may increase the risk of injury, epidemiological studies focusing on the association between temperature and non-fatal injury among children and adolescents are limited. Therefore, we investigated the short-term effect of ambient temperature on non-fatal falls and road traffic injuries (RTIs) among students across Jiangsu Province, China. Meteorological data and records of non-fatal outdoor injuries due to falls and RTIs among students aged 6-17 were collected during 2018-2020. We performed a time-stratified case-crossover analysis with a distributed lag nonlinear model to examine the effect of ambient temperature on the risk of injury. Individual meteorological exposure was estimated based on the address of the selected school. We also performed stratified analyses by sex, age, and area. A total of 57322 and 5455 cases of falls and RTIs were collected, respectively. We observed inverted U-shaped curves for temperature-injury associations, with maximum risk temperatures at 18 °C (48th of daily mean temperature distribution) for falls and 22 °C (67th of daily mean temperature distribution) for RTIs. The corresponding odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 2.193 (2.011, 2.391) and 3.038 (1.988, 4.644) for falls and RTIs, respectively. Notably, there was a significant age-dependent trend in which the temperature effect on falls was greater in older students (P-trend < 0.05). This study suggests a significant association between ambient temperature and students' outdoor falls and RTIs. Our findings may help advance tailored strategies to reduce the incidence of outdoor falls and RTIs in children and adolescents. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11783-023-1705-1 and is accessible for authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Disease, Hefei, 230032 China
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Zhen Ding
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Wencong Du
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Juan Fei
- Department of Environmental Health, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Queensland, 4006 Australia
| | - Jinyi Zhou
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009 China
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Focardi M, Gualco B, Pinchi V, Gian-Aristide N, Rensi R, Pelo E, Carboni I, Ricci U. Genetic analysis of suicide: a sample study in Tuscany (Central Italy). Forensic Sci Res 2023; 7:790-797. [PMID: 36817247 PMCID: PMC9930793 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2020.1835156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have examined the genetic contribution to suicide. However, data on suicide in the Italian population are scarce. We therefore aimed to address this gap by investigating a cohort of 111 Italians for whom a verdict of suicide had been declared in court in Florence, Italy between 2007 and 2017. This cohort included 86 men and 25 women. DNA samples were obtained from tissues or blood, and 22 genes from multiple neurobiological pathways previously shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of suicide were analysed. Next-generation sequencing was used to compare these gene sequences with those from a large, normal population. In this study, we identified 19 gene variants that were present at significantly lower frequencies in our Italian cohort than in the general population. In addition, four missense mutations were identified in four different genes: Monoamine Oxidase A (MAOA), 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2 A (HTR2A), Sodium Voltage-Gated Channel Alpha Subunit 8 (SCN8A), and Nitric Oxide Synthase 3 (NOS3). Our study identified several potential genetic links with suicide in a cohort of Italians and supports a relationship between specific genetic variants and suicidal behaviour in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Focardi
- Division of Genetic Diagnostics, University Hospital “Careggi”, Florence, Italy
| | - Barbara Gualco
- Division of Genetic Diagnostics, University Hospital “Careggi”, Florence, Italy
| | - Vilma Pinchi
- Division of Genetic Diagnostics, University Hospital “Careggi”, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Regina Rensi
- Division of Genetic Diagnostics, University Hospital “Careggi”, Florence, Italy,CONTACT Regina Rensi
| | - Elisabetta Pelo
- Division of Genetic Diagnostics, University Hospital “Careggi”, Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Carboni
- Division of Genetic Diagnostics, University Hospital “Careggi”, Florence, Italy
| | - Ugo Ricci
- Division of Genetic Diagnostics, University Hospital “Careggi”, Florence, Italy
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Duval F, Mokrani MC, Danila V, Lopera FG, Erb A, Tomsa M. Hypothalamic-prolactin axis regulation in major depressed patients with suicidal behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 151:106050. [PMID: 36801657 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND So far, little is known about the control of hypothalamic-prolactin axis activity by dopamine (DA) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in depressed patients with suicidal behavior disorder (SBD). METHODS We evaluated prolactin (PRL) responses to apomorphine (APO; a DA direct receptor agonist) and 0800 h and 2300 h protirelin (TRH) tests in 50 medication-free euthyroid DSM-5 major depressed inpatients with SBD (either current [n = 22], or in early remission [n = 28]); and 18 healthy hospitalized controls (HCs). RESULTS Baseline (BL) PRL levels were comparable across the three diagnostic groups. SBDs in early remission did not differ from HCs regarding PRL suppression to APO (PRLs), PRL stimulation to 0800 h and 2300 h TRH tests (∆PRL), and ∆∆PRL values (difference between 2300 h-∆PRL and 0800 h-∆PRL values). Current SBDs showed lower PRLs and ∆∆PRL values than HCs and SBDs in early remission. Further analyses revealed that current SBDs with a history of violent and high-lethality suicide attempts were more likely to exhibit co-occurrence of low ∆∆PRL and PRLS values. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that regulation of the hypothalamic-PRL axis is impaired in some depressed patients with current SBD, particularly those who have made serious suicide attempts. Considering the limitations of our study, our findings support the hypothesis that decreased pituitary D2 receptor functionality (possibly adaptive to increased tuberoinfundibular DAergic neuronal activity) together with decreased hypothalamic TRH drive might be a biosignature for high-lethality violent suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Duval
- Pôle 8/9 Psychiatry, APF2R, Centre Hospitalier, Rouffach, France.
| | | | - Vlad Danila
- Pôle 8/9 Psychiatry, APF2R, Centre Hospitalier, Rouffach, France
| | | | - Alexis Erb
- Pôle 8/9 Psychiatry, APF2R, Centre Hospitalier, Rouffach, France
| | - Mihaela Tomsa
- Pôle 8/9 Psychiatry, APF2R, Centre Hospitalier, Rouffach, France
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13
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Sher L, Oquendo MA. Suicide: An Overview for Clinicians. Med Clin North Am 2023; 107:119-130. [PMID: 36402494 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Most suicides have a diagnosable psychiatric disorder, most frequently, a mood disorder. Psychosocial issues and neurobiological abnormalities such as dysregulation in stress response systems contribute to suicidal behavior. All psychiatric patients need to be screened for the presence of suicidal ideation. Clinicians are expected to gather information about patient's clinical features and to formulate decisions about patient's dangerousness to self and the treatment plan. As psychiatric disorders are a major risk factor for suicide their pharmacologic and psychological treatment is of utmost importance to prevent suicide. Restriction of access to lethal means is important for suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Sher
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Maria A Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Strauss D, Ghosh S, Murray Z, Gryzenhout M. Psilocybin containing mushrooms: a rapidly developing biotechnology industry in the psychiatry, biomedical and nutraceutical fields. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:339. [PMID: 36340802 PMCID: PMC9633885 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03355-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans have collected and used hallucinogenic mushrooms for ethnic medicinal, recreational, and religious purposes since before recorded history. Currently, the use of these mushrooms is illegal in most countries, but where their use is legal they are applied as self medication. Psilocybin and psilocin, two psychoactive alkaloids, are naturally synthesized by hallucinogenic mushrooms. The chemical structure of these compounds are similar to the neurotransmitter serotonin. Activation of this system by psilocybin and psilocin may produce temporary changes in the brain that induce hallucinations and feelings of euphoria. Adjustment of the serotonin system in this way can moderate symptoms of related mental disorders. This review summarizes relevant and current information regarding the discovery of hallucinogenic mushrooms and their contained psychoactive compounds, the events that lead to their criminalization and decriminilization, and the state of knowledge of psilocybin, psilocin, and derivatives. Last, research on the psychoactive properties of these mushrooms is placed in perspective to possible applications for human dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Strauss
- Department of Genetics, Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9301 South Africa
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9301 South Africa
| | - Zurika Murray
- Department of Genetics, Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9301 South Africa
| | - Marieka Gryzenhout
- Department of Genetics, Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9301 South Africa
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Kukuia KK, Appiah F, Dugbartey GJ, Takyi YF, Amoateng P, Amponsah SK, Adi-Dako O, Koomson AE, Ayertey F, Adutwum-Ofosu KK. Extract of Mallotus oppositifolius (Geiseler) Müll. Arg. increased prefrontal cortex dendritic spine density and serotonin and attenuated para-chlorophenylalanine-aggravated aggressive and depressive behaviors in mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:962549. [PMID: 36386158 PMCID: PMC9649488 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.962549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: Depression-related aggression is linked to serotonin (5-HT) and dendritic spine alterations. Although Mallotus oppositifolius extract (MOE) has potential for reducing this effect, its specific role remains uncertain. Herein, we evaluated this potential and associated alterations in the brain. Methods: A standard resident-intruder model of para-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA)-induced depression-associated aggression in male ICR mice was used. The resident mice received pCPA (300 mg/kg, i. p.) for 3 consecutive days while saline-treated mice served as negative control. The pCPA aggressive mice were subsequently treated orally with either MOE (30, 100, 300 mg/kg), fluoxetine (20 mg/kg), tryptophan (20 mg/kg) or saline (untreated pCPA group) for 28 days. Locomotor activity was assessed using open field test. Serotonin (5-HT) levels in mice brain and phytochemical fingerprint of MOE were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify constituents of MOE. Dendritic spine density and morphology were evaluated using Golgi-Cox staining technique and analyzed with ImageJ and Reconstruct software. Results: Administration of pCPA induced aggressive behavior in mice, evidenced by increased attack behaviors (increased number and duration of attacks), which positively correlated with squeaking and tail rattling. MOE treatment significantly reduced these characteristics of aggression in comparison with vehicle (non-aggressive) and untreated pCPA groups (p < 0.001), and also reduced social exploration behavior. Although the behavioral effects of MOE were comparable to those of fluoxetine and tryptophan, these effects were quicker compared to fluoxetine and tryptophan. Additionally, MOE also markedly increased 5-HT concentration and dendritic spine density in the prefrontal cortex relative to vehicle and untreated pCPA groups (p < 0.05). Interestingly, these behavioral effects were produced without compromising locomotor activity. GC-MS analysis of the MOE identified 17 known compounds from different chemical classes with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective and antidepressant activities, which may have contributed to its anti-aggressive effect. Conclusion: MOE decreased depression-associated aggressive behavior in mice via increased 5-HT concentration and dendritic spine density in the prefrontal cortex. The MOE-mediated effects were faster than those of fluoxetine and tryptophan. Our finding suggests that MOE may have clinical promise in decreasing aggressive and depressive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy K.E. Kukuia
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- *Correspondence: Kennedy K.E. Kukuia, ; Kevin K. Adutwum-Ofosu,
| | - Frimpong Appiah
- Department of Community Health and Medicine, School of Food and Health Sciences, Anglican University College of Technology, Nkoranza, Ghana
| | - George J. Dugbartey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Yaw F. Takyi
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Patrick Amoateng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Seth K. Amponsah
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ofosua Adi-Dako
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Awo E. Koomson
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Frederick Ayertey
- Department of Phytochemistry, Center for Plant Medicine Research, Mampong-Akuapem, Ghana
| | - Kevin K. Adutwum-Ofosu
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ghana Medical School, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- *Correspondence: Kennedy K.E. Kukuia, ; Kevin K. Adutwum-Ofosu,
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16
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Roy A, Alam MA, Kim Y, Hashizume M. Association between daily ambient temperature and drug overdose in Tokyo: a time-series study. Environ Health Prev Med 2022; 27:36. [PMID: 36171116 PMCID: PMC9556974 DOI: 10.1265/ehpm.21-00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have reported that high ambient temperature is associated with increased risk of suicide; however, the association has not been extensively investigated with drug overdose which is the most common method of unsuccessful suicidal behavior in Japan. Therefore, this study aims to examine the short-term association between daily mean temperature and the incidence of self-harm attempts by drug overdose in Tokyo, Japan. Methods We collected the emergency ambulance dispatch data and daily meteorological data in Tokyo from 2010 to 2014. A quasi-Poisson regression model incorporating a distributed lag non-linear function was applied to estimate the non-linear and delayed association between temperature and drug overdose, adjusting for relative humidity, seasonal and long-term trends, and days of the week. Sex, age and location-specific associations of ambient temperature with drug overdose was also estimated. Results 12,937 drug overdose cases were recorded during the study period, 73.9% of which were female. We observed a non-linear association between temperature and drug overdose, with the highest risk observed at 21 °C. The highest relative risk (RR) was 1.30 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.10–1.67) compared with the risk at the first percentile of daily mean temperature (2.9 °C) over 0–4 days lag period. In subgroup analyses, the RR of a drug overdose at 21 °C was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.02–1.81) for females and 1.07 (95% CI: 0.66–1.75) for males. Also, we observed that the risk was highest among those aged ≥65 years (RR = 2.54; 95% CI: 0.94–6.90), followed by those aged 15–34 years (RR = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.89–1.77) and those aged 35–64 years (RR = 1.15; 95% CI: 0.78–1.68). There was no evidence for the difference in RRs between urban (23 special wards) and sub-urban areas in Tokyo. Conclusions An increase in daily mean temperature was associated with increased drug overdose risk. This study indicated the positive non-linear association between temperature and incomplete attempts by drug overdose. The findings of this study may add further evidence of the association of temperature on suicidal behavior and suggests increasing more research and investigation of other modifying factors. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.21-00044.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Roy
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Global Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
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Bailly J, Allain F, Schwartz E, Tirel C, Dupuy C, Petit F, Diana MA, Darcq E, Kieffer BL. Habenular Neurons Expressing Mu Opioid Receptors Promote Negative Affect in a Projection-Specific Manner. Biol Psychiatry 2022:S0006-3223(22)01594-3. [PMID: 36496267 PMCID: PMC10027626 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mu opioid receptor (MOR) is central to hedonic balance and produces euphoria by engaging reward circuits. MOR signaling may also influence aversion centers, notably the habenula (Hb), where the receptor is highly dense. Our previous data suggest that the inhibitory activity of MOR in the Hb may limit aversive states. To investigate this hypothesis, we tested whether neurons expressing MOR in the Hb (Hb-MOR neurons) promote negative affect. METHODS Using Oprm1-Cre knockin mice, we combined tracing and optogenetics with behavioral testing to investigate consequences of Hb-MOR neuron stimulation for approach/avoidance (real-time place preference), anxiety-related responses (open field, elevated plus maze, and marble burying), and despair-like behavior (tail suspension). RESULTS Optostimulation of Hb-MOR neurons elicited avoidance behavior, demonstrating that these neurons promote aversive states. Anterograde tracing showed that, in addition to the interpeduncular nucleus, Hb-MOR neurons project to the dorsal raphe nucleus. Optostimulation of Hb-MOR/interpeduncular nucleus terminals triggered avoidance and despair-like responses with no anxiety-related effect, whereas light-activation of Hb-MOR/dorsal raphe nucleus terminals increased levels of anxiety with no effect on other behaviors, revealing 2 dissociable pathways controlling negative affect. CONCLUSIONS Together, the data demonstrate that Hb neurons expressing MOR facilitate aversive states via 2 distinct Hb circuits, contributing to despair-like behavior (Hb-MOR/interpeduncular nucleus) and anxiety (Hb-MOR/dorsal raphe nucleus). The findings support the notion that inhibition of these neurons by either endogenous or exogenous opioids may relieve negative affect, a mechanism that would have implications for hedonic homeostasis and addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bailly
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florence Allain
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; INSERM U1114, Department of Psychiatry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Schwartz
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Chloé Tirel
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Charles Dupuy
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Florence Petit
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marco A Diana
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Darcq
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; INSERM U1114, Department of Psychiatry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Brigitte L Kieffer
- Douglas Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; INSERM U1114, Department of Psychiatry, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Brisch R, Wojtylak S, Saniotis A, Steiner J, Gos T, Kumaratilake J, Henneberg M, Wolf R. The role of microglia in neuropsychiatric disorders and suicide. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 272:929-945. [PMID: 34595576 PMCID: PMC9388452 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01334-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review examines the possible role of microglial cells, first, in neuroinflammation and, second, in schizophrenia, depression, and suicide. Recent research on the interactions between microglia, astrocytes and neurons and their involvement in pathophysiological processes of neuropsychiatric disorders is presented. This review focuses on results from postmortem, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies, and animal models of schizophrenia and depression. Third, the effects of antipsychotic and antidepressant drug therapy, and of electroconvulsive therapy on microglial cells are explored and the upcoming development of therapeutic drugs targeting microglia is described. Finally, there is a discussion on the role of microglia in the evolutionary progression of human lineage. This view may contribute to a new understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Brisch
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Szymon Wojtylak
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Arthur Saniotis
- Department of Anthropology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Pharmacy, Knowledge University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Gos
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jaliya Kumaratilake
- Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maciej Henneberg
- Biological Anthropology and Comparative Anatomy Research Unit, Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Wolf
- Department of Nursing and Health, Hochschule Fulda, University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany.
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Stenzel C, Dalkner N, Unterrainer HF, Birner A, Bengesser SA, Fellendorf FT, Fink A, Fleischmann E, Lenger M, Maget A, Platzer M, Queissner R, Schönthaler E, Tmava-Berisha A, Reininghaus EZ. Effects of metabolic syndrome and obesity on suicidality in individuals with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 311:1-7. [PMID: 35580694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and overweight/obesity is increased in bipolar disorder (BD) compared to the general population and is related to suicidality. The aim of this study was to examine the association between both the rate of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts and metabolic variables in individuals with BD. METHODS Anthropometric measures, socio-demographic data, suicide history and serum lipid levels were measured in 215 individuals with BD. Individuals were divided into normal weight, overweight and obese according to their body mass index (BMI), and metabolic syndrome was assessed using "The International Diabetes Federation"-criteria. RESULTS Of the 215 individuals studied, 80.9% reported suicidal ideation, 35.3% reported at least one suicide attempt and 30.7% were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Both metabolic syndrome and BMI were not related to suicide attempts. However, individuals with normal weight had more suicidal ideation than overweight individuals, while obese individuals did not differ from either group. Furthermore, there was no association between suicide attempts or suicidal ideation and serum lipid levels. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design of the study, a non-standardized questionnaire for suicidality, and not controlling the medication intake are limiting factors. CONCLUSION Contrary to expectations, a difference was found in the BMI categories and suicidal ideation, but not suicide attempts. Serum lipid levels were found to be unsuitable as possible biomarkers for suicidality in individuals with BD. Special attention should be paid to suicidal ideation and BMI rather than metabolic syndrome or lipid values when treating suicidal individuals with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Stenzel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Nina Dalkner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Human-Friedrich Unterrainer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria; Center for Integrative Addiction Research, Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Religious Studies, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Birner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne A Bengesser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Frederike T Fellendorf
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Fink
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Fleischmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Melanie Lenger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Maget
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Platzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Queissner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elena Schönthaler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Adelina Tmava-Berisha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Z Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
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20
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Kangas ES, Vuoriainen E, Lindeman S, Astikainen P. Auditory event-related potentials in separating patients with depressive disorders and non-depressed controls: A narrative review. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 179:119-142. [PMID: 35839902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review brings together the findings regarding the differences in the auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) between patients with depressive disorder and non-depressed control subjects. These studies' results can inform us of the possible alterations in sensory-cognitive processing in depressive disorders and the potential of using these ERPs in clinical applications. Auditory P3, mismatch negativity (MMN) and loudness dependence of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) were the subjects of the investigation. A search in PubMed yielded 84 studies. The findings of the reviewed studies were not highly consistent, but some patterns could be identified. For auditory P3b, the common findings were attenuated amplitude and prolonged latency among depressed patients. Regarding auditory MMN, especially the amplitude of duration deviance MMN was commonly attenuated, and the amplitude of frequency deviance MMN was increased in depressed patients. In LDAEP studies, generally, no differences between depressed patients and non-depressed controls were reported, although some group differences concerning specific depression subtypes were found. This review posits that future research should investigate whether certain stimulus conditions are particularly efficient at separating depressed and non-depressed participant groups. Future studies should contrast responses in different subpopulations of depressed patients, as well as different clinical groups (e.g., depressive disorder and anxiety disorder patients), to investigate the specificity of the auditory ERP alterations for depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina S Kangas
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Elisa Vuoriainen
- Human Information Processing Laboratory, Faculty of Social Sciences / Psychology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sari Lindeman
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Piia Astikainen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
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21
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Teng T, Fan L, Yan W, Li X, Zhang Y, Xiang Y, Jiang Y, Yuan K, Yin B, Shi L, Liu X, Yu Y, Zhou X, Lu L, Xie P. A diathesis-stress rat model induced suicide-implicated endophenotypes and prefrontal cortex abnormalities in the PKA and GABA receptor signaling pathways. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 116:110538. [PMID: 35189256 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is one of the leading causes of death and represents a significant public health problem worldwide; however, the underlying mechanism of suicide remains unclear, and there is no animal model with suicide-implicated endophenotypes for investigating the etiology, course and potential treatment targets of suicide. Thus, we generated a diathesis-stress rat model to simulate suicide-implicated endophenotypes. First, two hundred rats were screened in two rounds of learned helplessness (LH) tests and selected as learned helplessness-sensitive (LHS) rats (n = 37) and learned helplessness-resistant (LHR) rats (n = 39). Then, all LHS rats and half of the rats (randomly selected) in the LHR group were exposed to four weeks of social defeat stress (SDS) (LHS + SDS group, n = 37 and LHR + SDS group, n = 20, respectively). The remainder of the LHR rats were handled as controls (LHR + CON group, n = 19). The LHS + SDS group showed significantly more suicide-implicated endophenotypes than the LHR + CON group, including longer immobile times in the forced swim test (hopelessness), higher scores in the irritability test (irritability), shorter latencies to attack (impulsivity), longer total attack times in the resident-intruder test (aggression), and lower sucrose preference indices (anhedonia). Proteomic analyses revealed that the canonical pathways that were the most common between the LHS + SDS and LHR + CON groups were the PKA and GABA receptor pathways in the prefrontal cortex. A diathesis-stress paradigm would be a useful way to establish a rat model with suicide-implicated endophenotypes, providing novel perspectives for revealing the potential mechanism of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Teng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Function and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Function and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Function and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Function and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yajie Xiang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Function and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanliang Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Function and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Bangmin Yin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Function and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Le Shi
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xueer Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Function and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Function and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Function and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lin Lu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China.
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Function and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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22
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Kim SW, Park WY, Kim H, Jhon M, Kim JW, Kang HJ, Kim SY, Ryu S, Lee JY, Shin IS, Kim JM. Development of a Checklist for Predicting Suicidality Based on Risk and Protective Factors: The Gwangju Checklist for Evaluation of Suicidality. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:470-479. [PMID: 35753686 PMCID: PMC9233948 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2022.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to develop a checklist for mental health clinicians to predict and manage suicidality. METHODS A literature review of the risk and protective factors for suicide was conducted to develop a checklist for evaluating suicidality. RESULTS The fixed risk factors included sex (male), age (older individuals), history of childhood adversity, and a family history of suicide. Changeable risk factors included marital status (single), economic status (poverty), physical illness, history of psychiatric hospitalization, and history of suicide attempts. Recent discharge from a mental hospital and a recent history of suicide attempts were also included. Manageable risk factors included depression (history and current), alcohol problems (frequent drinking and alcohol abuse), hopelessness, agitation, impulsivity, impaired reality testing, and command hallucinations. Protective factors included responsibility to family, social support, moral objections to suicide, religiosity, motivation to get treatment, ability to cope with stress, and a healthy lifestyle. A final score was assigned based on the sum of the risk and protective factor scores. CONCLUSION We believe that the development of this checklist will help mental health clinicians to better assess those at risk for suicidal behavior. Further studies are necessary to validate the checklist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Mindlink, Gwangju Bukgu Community Mental Health Center, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Young Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Gwangju Veterans Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Honey Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Mindlink, Gwangju Bukgu Community Mental Health Center, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jhon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Mindlink, Gwangju Bukgu Community Mental Health Center, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyoung Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Gwangju Metropolitan Mental Health Welfare Center, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Mindlink, Gwangju Bukgu Community Mental Health Center, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Seon Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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23
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Tan ST, Lo CH, Liao CH, Su YJ. Sex-based differences in the predisposing factors of overdose: A retrospective study. Biomed Rep 2022; 16:49. [PMID: 35620313 PMCID: PMC9112373 DOI: 10.3892/br.2022.1532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug overdose is one of the common events encountered in the emergency department (ED). The aim of the present study was to investigate the sex difference and predisposing factors of overdose in the ED. Data of 299 patients with self-poisoning reported at our poison center from January 2018 to August 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Study cases categorized using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision coding system, which include codes T36 to T50, were selected. Data were collected including Glasgow Coma Scale scores and vital signs upon arrival (including body temperature, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure, sex, age, marital status, arrival time, season on admission, previous suicide attempts, psychiatric history, related comorbidities, recent arguments, categories of overdose with or without concurrent ethanol use, length of hospital stay, and survival to discharge) were analyzed. The top three types of substances that were frequently involved in drug overdose were benzodiazepine (42.9%), mixed medications (32.1%), and acetaminophen (6.1%). The 196 enrolled patients were aged 14 to 92 years (mean ± standard deviation, 39.2±18.3), and of these patients, male intentional overdose patients were 8.1 years older than their female counterparts (45.3±19.5 vs. 37.2±17.5, respectively; P<0.05). Most intentional overdose cases occurred during the spring season (n=63, 32.1%), especially in male patients (n=28, 57.1%; P<0.001). Approximately 11.2% (22/196) and 2% (4/196) of the total patients were admitted to the Toxicology ward and intensive care units, respectively. The length of hospital stay was 2±4.1 days. In summary, it is suggested that physicians notify the suicide prevention centers to be on alert for middle-aged men who are facing conflicts, especially during the spring season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Teck Tan
- Poison Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Emergency Department, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Hung Lo
- Emergency Department, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chen-Hao Liao
- Emergency Department, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Jang Su
- Poison Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Emergency Department, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan, R.O.C
- MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 11260, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Correspondence to: Dr Yu-Jang Su, Poison Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Section 2, North Chung Shan Road 92, Taipei 10449, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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24
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Emanuel KM, Runner K, Brodnik ZD, Morsey BM, Lamberty BG, Johnson HS, Acharya A, Byrareddy SN, España RA, Fox HS, Gaskill PJ. Deprenyl reduces inflammation during acute SIV infection. iScience 2022; 25:104207. [PMID: 35494221 PMCID: PMC9046124 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of antiretroviral therapy, inflammation is a central factor in numerous HIV-associated comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and neuropsychiatric disorders. This highlights the value of developing therapeutics that both reduce HIV-associated inflammation and treat associated comorbidities. Previous research on monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) suggests this class of drugs has anti-inflammatory properties in addition to neuropsychiatric effects. Therefore, we examined the impact of deprenyl, an MAOI, on SIV-associated inflammation during acute SIV infection using the rhesus macaque model of HIV infection. Our results show deprenyl decreased both peripheral and CNS inflammation but had no effect on viral load in either the periphery or CNS. These data show that the MAOI deprenyl may have broad anti-inflammatory effects when given during the acute stage of SIV infection, suggesting more research into the anti-inflammatory effects of this drug could result in a beneficial adjuvant for antiretroviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Emanuel
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - K Runner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Z D Brodnik
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
- Center on Compulsive Behaviors, NIH Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Neuronal Networks Section, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - B M Morsey
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - B G Lamberty
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - H S Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - A Acharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - S N Byrareddy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - R A España
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - H S Fox
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - P J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
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25
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Proteomic profiling of postmortem prefrontal cortex tissue of suicide completers. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:142. [PMID: 35383147 PMCID: PMC8983647 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, presenting a serious public health problem. We aimed to investigate the biological basis of suicide completion using proteomics on postmortem brain tissue. Thirty-six postmortem brain samples (23 suicide completers and 13 controls) were collected. We evaluated the proteomic profile in the prefrontal cortex (Broadmann area 9, 10) using tandem mass tag-based quantification with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Bioinformatics tools were used to elucidate the biological mechanisms related to suicide. Subgroup analysis was conducted to identify common differentially expressed proteins among clinically different groups. Of 9801 proteins identified, 295 were differentially expressed between groups. Suicide completion samples were mostly enriched in the endocannabinoid and apoptotic pathways (CAPNS1, CSNK2B, PTP4A2). Among the differentially expressed proteins, GSTT1 was identified as a potential biomarker among suicide completers with psychiatric disorders. Our findings suggest that the previously under-recognized endocannabinoid system and apoptotic processes are highly involved in suicide.
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26
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Pan R, Honda Y, Minakuchi E, Kim SE, Hashizume M, Kim Y. Ambient Temperature and External Causes of Death in Japan from 1979 to 2015: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:47004. [PMID: 35394808 PMCID: PMC8992967 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although substantial evidence suggests that high and low temperatures are adversely associated with nonaccidental mortality, few studies have focused on exploring the risks of temperature on external causes of death. OBJECTIVES We investigated the short-term associations between temperature and external causes of death and four specific categories (suicide, transport, falls, and drowning) in 47 prefectures of Japan from 1979 to 2015. METHODS We conducted a two-stage meta-regression analysis. First, we performed time-stratified case-crossover analyses with a distributed lag nonlinear model to examine the association between temperature and mortality due to external causes for each prefecture. We then used a multivariate meta-regression model to combine the association estimates across all prefectures in Japan. In addition, we performed stratified analyses for the associations by sex and age. RESULTS A total of 2,416,707 external causes of death were included in the study. We found a J-shaped exposure-response curve for all external causes of death, in which the risks increased for mild cold temperatures [20th percentile; relative risk (RR)=1.09 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05,1.12)] and extreme heat [99th percentile; RR=1.24 (95% CI: 1.20, 1.29)] compared with those for minimum mortality temperature (MMT). However, the shapes of the exposure-response curves varied according to four subcategories. The risks of suicide and transport monotonically increased as temperature increased, with RRs of 1.35 (95% CI: 1.26, 1.45) and 1.60 (95% CI: 1.35, 1.90), respectively, for heat, whereas J- and U-shaped curves were observed for falls and drowning, with RRs of 1.14 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.26) and 1.95 (95% CI: 1.70, 2.23) for heat and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.26) and 2.33 (95% CI: 1.89, 2.88) for cold, respectively, compared with those for cause-specific MMTs. The sex- and age-specific associations varied considerably depending on the specific causes. DISCUSSION Both low and high temperatures may be important drivers of increased risk of external causes of death. We suggest that preventive measures against external causes of death should be considered in adaptation policies. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9943.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pan
- Department of Global Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Emiko Minakuchi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of International and Cultural Studies, Tsuda University, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Satbyul Estella Kim
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Center for Climate Change Adaptation, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hashizume
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- Department of Global Environmental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Xiao H, Li X, Zhou Z, Liu H, Hu C, Liu T, Chen D, You L. Negative coping style mediates the relationship between negative mental and suicide risk among migrant workers in China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:305. [PMID: 35013401 PMCID: PMC8748836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide is increasingly recognized as a major public health concern among migrant workers in China. Despite negative mental and negative coping styles being core themes found in suicide notes, there is scarce research addressing the theoretical framework of underlying mechanisms between these variables. The study was designed to examine the relationships of negative mental, negative coping styles, and suicide risk among migrant workers. It hypothesized that negative mental would exert a positive effect on suicide risk via increased negative coping. Using a cross-sectional design, the study was conducted using a sample of 3095 migrant workers from Shenzhen, China. Self-made Suicide Risk Scale (SRS), Short-form of the ULCA Loneliness Scale (USL-6), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Scale (GAD-7), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) were used to collect data. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to quantitatively explore the path effects between negative mental, negative coping styles and suicide risk. Results showed that negative coping style had a positive association with suicide risk (β = 0.029, P < 0.001). Negative mental had both direct and indirect positive effects on suicide risk through negative coping styles (β = 0.109, β = 0.013, P < 0.001). Therefore, to prevent suicidal behaviors among migrant workers, targeted interventions focusing on improving their mental health and coping strategies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xiao
- Department of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Department of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Zhijian Zhou
- Shenzhen Kangning Psychiatric Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiming Liu
- Shenzhen Kangning Psychiatric Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Chiyi Hu
- Shenzhen Kangning Psychiatric Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Tiebang Liu
- Shenzhen Kangning Psychiatric Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Dafang Chen
- Department of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Liqing You
- Shenzhen Kangning Psychiatric Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China.
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Andersson HW, Lilleeng SE, Ruud T, Ose SO. Suicidal ideation in patients with mental illness and concurrent substance use: analyses of national census data in Norway. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:1. [PMID: 34983462 PMCID: PMC8725289 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation may signal potential risk for future suicidal behaviors and death. We examined the prevalence of recent suicidal ideation in patients with mental illness and concurrent substance use and explored the clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with suicidal ideation in this patient subgroup, which represents a particular risk group for adverse psychiatric outcomes. METHODS We used national cross-sectional census data in Norway collected from 25,525 patients in specialized mental health services. The analytic sample comprised 3,842 patients with concurrent substance use, defined as having a co-morbid substance use disorder or who reported recent regular alcohol use/occasional illicit drug use. Data included suicidal ideation measured in relation to the current treatment episode, sociodemographic characteristics and ICD-10 diagnoses. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine differential characteristics between patients with and without suicidal ideation. RESULTS The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 25.8%. The suicidal ideation rates were particularly high for those with personality disorders, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression, and for alcohol and sedatives compared with other substances. Patients with suicidal ideation were characterized by being younger, having single marital status, and having poorly perceived social relationships with family and friends. CONCLUSION Suicidal ideation in patients with mental illness and concurrent substance use was associated with a number of distinct characteristics. These results might help contribute to an increased focus on a subgroup of individuals at particular risk for suicidality and support suicide prevention efforts in specialized mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helle Wessel Andersson
- Department of Research and Development, Clinic of Substance Use and Addiction Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, PB 3250 Sluppen, 7006, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Solfrid E. Lilleeng
- grid.461584.a0000 0001 0093 1110Department of Analysis and Performance Assessment, The Norwegian Directorate of Health, Holtermanns vei 70, 7031 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torleif Ruud
- grid.411279.80000 0000 9637 455XAkershus University Hospital, Mental Health Services, PB 1000 1478 Lørenskog, Norway ,grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PB 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Solveig Osborg Ose
- grid.4319.f0000 0004 0448 3150Department of Health, SINTEF, Professor Brochs gate 2, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
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29
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Kim JM, Kim JW, Kang HJ, Choi W, Ryu S, Lee JY, Kim SW, Kim JC, Chun BJ, Shin IS, Ahn Y, Jeong MH. Serotonin modifies the impact of sleep disturbance on suicidality in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1046715. [PMID: 36451764 PMCID: PMC9702559 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1046715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the associations of sleep disturbance and serum serotonin levels with suicidal ideation, and evaluated the potential modifying effects of serotonin on these associations in patients with the acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS In total, 969 ACS patients were recruited from a tertiary university hospital in Korea within 2 weeks of disease onset and evaluated in terms of sleep disturbance (using the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire), serum serotonin levels, and suicidal ideation (using the "suicidal thoughts" item of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale). Covariates included sociodemographics, depression, vascular risk factors, and disease severity. After 1 year, 711 patients were re-evaluated in terms of suicidal ideation. Logistic regression analysis was performed with adjustment for covariates. RESULTS Sleep disturbance was significantly associated with suicidal ideation at baseline and follow-up. Serum serotonin showed no such association but modified the association of sleep disturbance with suicidal ideation such that it was significant only in the lower serum serotonin group, with significant interaction terms obtained after adjustment for relevant covariates. CONCLUSION Evaluating sleep disturbance and serum serotonin levels could improve the accuracy of clinical predictions of suicidal ideation in the acute and chronic phases of ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ju-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Wonsuk Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Seunghyong Ryu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jung-Chul Kim
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Byung Jo Chun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Il-Seon Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
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30
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Genis-Mendoza AD, Dionisio-García DM, Gonzalez-Castro TB, Tovilla-Zaráte CA, Juárez-Rojop IE, López-Narváez ML, Castillo-Avila RG, Nicolini H. Increased Levels of Cortisol in Individuals With Suicide Attempt and Its Relation With the Number of Suicide Attempts and Depression. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:912021. [PMID: 35757221 PMCID: PMC9226316 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.912021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) have been reported in individuals with suicide behavior. The aim of the study was to evaluate cortisol levels in peripheral plasma of individuals with more than one suicide attempt. METHODS Cortisol concentrations in peripheral plasma were measured using the ELISA technique. Suicide attempts were evaluated by the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, while depression was evaluated by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. RESULTS We found elevated cortisol levels in the suicide attempt group when compared with healthy controls (F = 7.26, p-value = 0.008), but no statistical differences with the psychiatric diseases group (F = 1.49, p-value = 0.22). Cortisol levels were higher in individuals with depression (F = 8.99, P = 0.004) and in individuals with two or more suicide attempts (F = 13.56, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Cortisol levels are increased in individuals who attempt suicide and higher of cortisol concentrations in plasma regard to depression and more attempts of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico.,Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil "Juan N. Navarro", Servicios de Atención Psiquiátrica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Thelma Beatriz Gonzalez-Castro
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Mendéz, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Mexico
| | | | - Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - María Lilia López-Narváez
- Secretaria de Salud de Chiapas, Hospital Chiapas Nos une "Dr. Jesús Gilberto Gómez Maza", Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Mexico
| | | | - Humberto Nicolini
- Laboratorio de Genómica de Enfermedades Psiquiátricas y Neurodegenerativas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Ho TC, Gifuni AJ, Gotlib IH. Psychobiological risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors in adolescence: a consideration of the role of puberty. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:606-623. [PMID: 34117365 PMCID: PMC8960417 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01171-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents. While clinicians and researchers have begun to recognize the importance of considering multidimensional factors in understanding risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) during this developmental period, the role of puberty has been largely ignored. In this review, we contend that the hormonal events that occur during puberty have significant effects on the organization and development of brain systems implicated in the regulation of social stressors, including amygdala, hippocampus, striatum, medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex. Guided by previous experimental work in adults, we also propose that the influence of pubertal hormones and social stressors on neural systems related to risk for STBs is especially critical to consider in adolescents with a neurobiological sensitivity to hormonal changes. Furthermore, facets of the pubertal transition, such as pubertal timing, warrant deeper investigation and may help us gain a more comprehensive understanding of sex differences in the neurobiological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying adolescent STBs. Ultimately, advancing our understanding of the pubertal processes that contribute to suicide risk will improve early detection and facilitate the development of more effective, sex-specific, psychiatric interventions for adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany C. Ho
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811Department of Psychiatry and Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Anthony J. Gifuni
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Psychiatry Department and Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC Canada
| | - Ian H. Gotlib
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
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32
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Walling MA. Suicide Contagion. CURRENT TRAUMA REPORTS 2021; 7:103-114. [PMID: 34931156 PMCID: PMC8674834 DOI: 10.1007/s40719-021-00219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Suicide is a serious healthcare concern worldwide. In the USA, suicide was the tenth leading cause of death prior to 2020 when it was displaced as a result of the death toll from COVID-19. Recent Findings Suicide behavior is the result of the interaction between the individual’s predisposing factors and precipitating factors. A recognized precipitating factor is the knowledge of the suicidal act of another, termed suicide contagion. Another precipitating factor is the physiological impact of an acute inflammatory response to disease, for example that seen in patients with COVID-19. Summary Risk identification of persons at increased risk for suicidal actions is an essential goal in medical care so that protective measures can be employed to prevent suicide.
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Nedic Erjavec G, Bektic Hodzic J, Repovecki S, Nikolac Perkovic M, Uzun S, Kozumplik O, Tudor L, Mimica N, Svob Strac D, Pivac N. Alcohol-related phenotypes and platelet serotonin concentration. Alcohol 2021; 97:41-49. [PMID: 34530080 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence is a chronic relapsing mental disorder with heterogeneous and complex underlying biology. It is frequently associated with nicotine dependence, severity of alcohol dependence symptoms, and diverse alcohol-related phenotypes, including the presence of delirium tremens and withdrawal symptoms, early or late onset of alcohol abuse, aggression, suicidal behavior, and anxiety. While searching for peripheral biomarkers of altered serotonergic (5-HT) function in alcohol dependence and alcohol-related behaviors, we determined a peripheral biomarker, i.e., platelet 5-HT concentration in a large group of Caucasian subjects with alcohol dependence subdivided according to the presence of specific alcohol-related phenotypes and smoking status. Individuals with alcohol dependence (n = 661) of both sexes were evaluated using Structural Clinical Interview based on DSM-IV criteria, while platelet 5-HT concentration was determined using the spectrophotofluorimetric method. Smoking is significantly associated, while sex and age are not, with platelet 5-HT concentration. Severe alcohol dependence and lack of withdrawal symptoms were associated with significantly decreased platelet 5-HT concentration in alcohol-dependent non-smokers. In smokers, significantly lower platelet 5-HT concentration was found in patients with the late onset of alcohol abuse. These results suggested that platelet 5-HT concentration might be used as a peripheral marker of different alcohol-related phenotypes, after controlling for the effects of smoking and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasminka Bektic Hodzic
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatry, University Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Senka Repovecki
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatry, University Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Suzana Uzun
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatry, University Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia; University Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Osijek, School of Medicine, Croatia
| | - Oliver Kozumplik
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatry, University Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia; University Josip Juraj Strossmayer, Osijek, School of Medicine, Croatia
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ninoslav Mimica
- Department for Biological Psychiatry and Psychogeriatry, University Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
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34
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35
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Crossin R. Exploring the link between adolescent inhalant misuse and suicidal behaviour: a behavioural toxicology perspective. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 88:107038. [PMID: 34678460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent inhalant misuse has a known association with suicidal thoughts and behaviour. This association persists even after inhalant misuse has ceased. Previous studies have hypothesised that this association may derive from socioeconomic disadvantage or vulnerability, and potentially mediated by impulsivity. This association may also be due to the central nervous system depressant effects of inhalants. This review takes a behavioural toxicology perspective, focussed particularly on the serotonergic system and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, as potential links between adolescent inhalant misuse and suicidal behaviour. The challenges of bridging the pre-clinical and clinical literature in this area are discussed, along with promising avenues for future research; ultimately aimed at reducing suicide risk in a vulnerable adolescent population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Crossin
- Department of Population Health, University of Otago (Christchurch), Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
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36
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Melhem NM, Zhong Y, Miller JM, Zanderigo F, Ogden RT, Sublette ME, Newell M, Burke A, Keilp JG, Lesanpezeshki M, Bartlett E, Brent DA, Mann JJ. Brain 5-HT1A Receptor PET Binding, Cortisol Responses to Stress, and the Familial Transmission of Suicidal Behavior. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 25:36-45. [PMID: 34555145 PMCID: PMC8756092 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor has been implicated in depression and suicidal behavior. Lower resting cortisol levels are associated with higher 5-HT1A receptor binding, and both differentiate suicide attempters with depression. However, it is not clear whether 5-HT1A receptor binding and cortisol responses to stress are related to familial risk and resilience for suicidal behavior. METHODS [11C]CUMI-101 positron emission tomography imaging to quantify regional brain 5-HT1A receptor binding was conducted in individuals considered to be at high risk for mood disorder or suicidal behavior on the basis of having a first- or second-degree relative(s) with an early onset mood disorder and history of suicidal behavior. These high-risk individuals were subdivided into the following groups: high risk resilient having no mood disorder or suicidal behavior (n = 29); high risk with mood disorder and no suicidal behavior history (n = 31); and high risk with mood disorder and suicidal behavior (n = 25). Groups were compared with healthy volunteers without a family history of mood disorder or suicidal behavior (n = 34). Participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST). All participants were free from psychotropic medications at the time of the TSST and PET scanning. RESULTS We observed no group differences in 5-HT1A receptor binding considering all regions simultaneously, nor did we observe heterogeneity of the effect of group across regions. These results were similar across outcome measures (BPND for all participants and BPp in a subset of the sample) and definitions of regions of interest (ROIs; standard or serotonin system-specific ROIs). We also found no group differences on TSST outcomes. Within the high risk with mood disorder and suicidal behavior group, lower BPp binding (β = -0.084, SE = 0.038, P = .048) and higher cortisol reactivity to stress (β = 9.25, 95% CI [3.27,15.23], P = .004) were associated with higher lethality attempts. There were no significant relationships between 5-HT1A binding and cortisol outcomes. CONCLUSIONS 5-HT1A receptor binding in ROIs was not linked to familial risk or resilience protecting against suicidal behavior or mood disorder although it may be related to lethality of suicide attempt. Future studies are needed to better understand the biological mechanisms implicated in familial risk for suicidal behavior and how hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function influences such risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine M Melhem
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Correspondence: Nadine Melhem, PhD, 3811 O’Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA ()
| | - Yongqi Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Jeffrey M Miller
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Francesca Zanderigo
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - R Todd Ogden
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - M Elizabeth Sublette
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Madison Newell
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, United States
| | - Ainsley Burke
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - John G Keilp
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Mohammad Lesanpezeshki
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - Elizabeth Bartlett
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
| | - David A Brent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - J John Mann
- Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
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Guo L, Wang W, Wang T, Zhao M, Wu R, Lu C. The Longitudinal Association between Sleep Duration and Suicidal Behavior among Chinese Adolescents: The Role of Nonmedical Use of Prescription Drug. Behav Sleep Med 2021; 19:589-601. [PMID: 32967469 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2020.1822361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND Abnormal sleep and nonmedical use of prescription drugs are known to be factors associated with suicidal behavior, but the nature of the association between weekday sleep duration and suicidal behavior has not been elucidated. Nonmedical use of prescription drugs may play a mediator role in the association mentioned above. PARTICIPANTS There were a total of 3,273 high school students interviewed at baseline with a response rate of 96.8% and followed up at one year (retention rate, 96.1%). The mean (SD) age of the students was 13.7 (1.0) years. METHODS Data were drawn from the longitudinal data of the School-based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey. A total of 12 high schools were selected in Guangzhou. Suicidal behavior, weekday sleep duration, and nonmedical use of prescription drugs were measured. RESULTS Sleeping < 7 hours/day at time 0 was positively associated with suicidal ideation (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.21-1.89) and suicide attempts (AOR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.02-5.38) at time 1. The mediation analyses showed that baseline opioids misuse or sedatives misuse partially mediated the associations of baseline short weekday sleep duration with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts at one-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Baseline short weekday sleep duration was positively associated with subsequent suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, and nonmedical use of opioids or sedatives partially mediated the associations mentioned above. Suicidal behavior can be prevented, short weekday sleep duration and nonmedical use of prescription drugs may be risk factors for suicidal behavior, and the respective roles of these factors are needed to be better understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanxin Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meijun Zhao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruipeng Wu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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38
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Damian AJ, Oo M, Bryant D, Gallo JJ. Evaluating the association of adverse childhood experiences, mood and anxiety disorders, and suicidal ideation among behavioral health patients at a large federally qualified health center. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254385. [PMID: 34252139 PMCID: PMC8274860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous studies have examined the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and suicide, research is needed that studies the effects of specific ACEs, including subclasses of ACEs, independent of the effect of other ACEs. We explored the relationship between ACEs and suicidal ideation (SI) with special attention to patterns according to generation cohort (millennials: 22-37 years old, generation X: 38-53 years old, and baby boomers: 54-72 years old), and assessed the extent to which mood and anxiety disorders account for the relationship between ACEs and suicidal ideation. Patients in behavioral healthcare services of a large federally qualified health center (n = 4,392) were assessed at baseline on ACEs, SI, and mood and anxiety disorders. Logistic regression modeling was used to examine the data. Emotional neglect was the strongest predictor of SI among Millennials (OR = 1.59), Generation X (OR = 1.81), and Baby Boomers (OR = 1.88) after controlling for mood and anxiety disorders, race/ethnicity, and gender. Findings suggest ACEs predict an increased likelihood of having SI over and above the influence of mood and anxiety disorders, in models adjusted for gender and race/ethnicity. Across generations, the association with suicidal ideation was strongest for any child abuse and neglect, but not for household dysfunction. The observed association of ACEs with suicidal ideation suggests that ACEs should be considered as a risk factor and incorporated into screening assessments for suicidal ideation. Lastly, additional research on the association of ACEs and suicidality in individuals not actively being managed in behavioral healthcare settings is also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Joy Damian
- Weitzman Institute, Community Health Center, Inc., Middletown, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - May Oo
- Weitzman Institute, Community Health Center, Inc., Middletown, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Daniel Bryant
- Weitzman Institute, Community Health Center, Inc., Middletown, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Joseph J. Gallo
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Kubo R, Ueda K, Seposo X, Honda A, Takano H. Association between ambient temperature and intentional injuries: A case-crossover analysis using ambulance transport records in Japan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 774:145511. [PMID: 33609821 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies based on mortality and crime data have indicated that short-term exposure to higher temperature increases the risk of suicide and violent crimes. However, there are few studies on non-fatal intentional injury, especially on non-fatal self-harm which is much more common than suicide. OBJECTIVES We aimed to clarify how short-term exposure to temperature is associated with emergency ambulance transport caused by intentional injuries including acts of self-harm and assault. METHOD We applied a time-stratified case-crossover design using a conditional quasi-Poisson regression model for each of the 46 prefectures. All temperatures were converted to percentile value for each prefecture, to account for the varied climate across Japan. A Distributed Lag Non-Linear Model was used to explore the temperature percentile and lag pattern. The prefecture-specific results were combined using a meta-analysis with the random effects model. RESULT Between 2012 and 2015, the number of acts of self-harm and assault across all 46 prefectures totaled 151,801 and 95,861, respectively. We found that as the temperature increased, the relative risk (RRs) for both self-harm and assault behaviors increased in a nearly linear manner. The pooled relative risk at the 99th percentile temperature for self-harm behavior was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.15) compared with the risk at the 1st percentile temperature, and that for assault was 1.12 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.16) at lag 0. The RRs were highest at lag0 and less than 1 at lag7-20. CONCLUSION The present study found that short-term exposure to higher temperature promotes the risk of emergency ambulance transport due to acts of self-harm and assault. The lag pattern indicates a possible "displacement" effect. These results suggest that exposure to high temperatures may potentially function as a trigger for intentional injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusei Kubo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kayo Ueda
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Xerxes Seposo
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Akiko Honda
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Takano
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Duval F, Mokrani MC, Erb A, Danila V, Lopera FG, Foucher JR, Jeanjean LC. Thyroid axis activity and dopamine function in depression. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 128:105219. [PMID: 33839430 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence suggest alterations in both hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis and dopamine (DA) function in depressed patients. However, the functional relationships between HPT and DA systems have not been well defined. METHODS We examined thyrotropin (TSH) response to 0800 h and 2300 h protirelin (TRH) challenges, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol and growth hormone (GH) responses to apomorphine (APO, a DA receptor agonist), in 58 drug-free DSM-IV major depressed inpatients without a suicidal behavior, and 22 healthy hospitalized controls. RESULTS Compared with controls, patients showed 1) lower basal serum 2300 h-TSH, 2300 h-∆TSH, and ∆∆TSH (difference between 2300 h-∆TSH and 0800 h-∆TSH) levels, and 2) lower cortisol response to APO (∆COR). A negative relationship between ∆∆TSH values and hormonal responses to APO was observed in the depressed group, but not in the control group. When patients were classified on the basis of their ∆∆TSH status, patients with reduced ∆∆TSH values (< 2.5 mU/L) showed hormonal APO responses comparable to those of controls. Patients with normal ∆∆TSH values exhibited lower ∆ACTH, ∆COR, and ∆GH values than patients with reduced ∆∆TSH values and controls. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that hypothalamic DA function is unaltered in depressed patients with HPT dysregulation (i.e., increased hypothalamic TRH drive leading to altered TRH receptor chronesthesy on pituitary thyrotrophs). Conversely, hypothalamic DA-receptor function is decreased in patients with normal HPT axis activity. These findings are discussed in the context of the role of TRH as a homeostatic neuromodulator in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Duval
- APF2R, Rouffach Centre Hospitalier, Pôle 8/9, Rouffach, France.
| | | | - Alexis Erb
- APF2R, Rouffach Centre Hospitalier, Pôle 8/9, Rouffach, France
| | - Vlad Danila
- APF2R, Rouffach Centre Hospitalier, Pôle 8/9, Rouffach, France
| | | | - Jack R Foucher
- iCube, University of Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7357 FMTS and CEMNIS, Noninvasive Neuromodulation Center, University Hospital Strasbourg, France
| | - Ludovic C Jeanjean
- APF2R, Rouffach Centre Hospitalier, Pôle 8/9, Rouffach, France; iCube, University of Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7357 FMTS and CEMNIS, Noninvasive Neuromodulation Center, University Hospital Strasbourg, France
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Felix ER, Gater DR. Interrelationship of Neurogenic Obesity and Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2021; 27:75-83. [PMID: 33814885 DOI: 10.46292/sci20-00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and of neuropathic pain are both estimated at above 50% in the population of people with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). These secondary consequences of SCI have significant negative impact on physical functioning, activities of daily living, and quality of life. Investigations of relationships between weight or body composition and chronic neuropathic pain in people with SCI are lacking, but investigations in non-SCI cohorts suggest an association between obesity and the presence and severity of neuropathic pain conditions. In the present article, we present a review of the literature linking obesity and neuropathic pain and summarize findings suggesting that metabolic syndrome and chronic, systemic inflammation due to excess adiposity increase the risk for neuropathic pain after an SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Felix
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Research Service, Miami Veterans Affairs (VA) Healthcare System, Miami, Florida
| | - David R Gater
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Abbas A, Sauder C, Yadav V, Koesmahargyo V, Aghjayan A, Marecki S, Evans M, Galatzer-Levy IR. Remote Digital Measurement of Facial and Vocal Markers of Major Depressive Disorder Severity and Treatment Response: A Pilot Study. Front Digit Health 2021; 3:610006. [PMID: 34713091 PMCID: PMC8521884 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.610006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Multiple machine learning-based visual and auditory digital markers have demonstrated associations between major depressive disorder (MDD) status and severity. The current study examines if such measurements can quantify response to antidepressant treatment (ADT) with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine uptake inhibitors (SNRIs). Methods: Visual and auditory markers were acquired through an automated smartphone task that measures facial, vocal, and head movement characteristics across 4 weeks of treatment (with time points at baseline, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks) on ADT (n = 18). MDD diagnosis was confirmed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was collected concordantly to assess changes in MDD severity. Results: Patient responses to ADT demonstrated clinically and statistically significant changes in the MADRS [F (2, 34) = 51.62, p < 0.0001]. Additionally, patients demonstrated significant increases in multiple digital markers including facial expressivity, head movement, and amount of speech. Finally, patients demonstrated significantly decreased frequency of fear and anger facial expressions. Conclusion: Digital markers associated with MDD demonstrate validity as measures of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin Sauder
- Adams Clinical, Watertown, MA, United States
- Karuna Therapeutics, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Isaac R. Galatzer-Levy
- AiCure, New York, NY, United States
- Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Witt KG, Hetrick SE, Rajaram G, Hazell P, Taylor Salisbury TL, Townsend E, Hawton K. Interventions for self-harm in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 3:CD013667. [PMID: 33677832 PMCID: PMC8094399 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013667.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm (SH; intentional self-poisoning or self-injury regardless of degree of suicidal intent or other types of motivation) is a growing problem in most countries, often repeated, and associated with suicide. Evidence assessing the effectiveness of interventions in the treatment of SH in children and adolescents is lacking, especially when compared with the evidence for psychosocial interventions in adults. This review therefore updates a previous Cochrane Review (last published in 2015) on the role of interventions for SH in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of psychosocial interventions or pharmacological agents or natural products for SH compared to comparison types of care (e.g. treatment-as-usual, routine psychiatric care, enhanced usual care, active comparator, placebo, alternative pharmacological treatment, or a combination of these) for children and adolescents (up to 18 years of age) who engage in SH. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Common Mental Disorders Specialized Register, the Cochrane Library (Central Register of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL] and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [CDSR]), together with MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and PsycINFO (to 4 July 2020). SELECTION CRITERIA We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing specific psychosocial interventions or pharmacological agents or natural products with treatment-as-usual (TAU), routine psychiatric care, enhanced usual care (EUC), active comparator, placebo, alternative pharmacological treatment, or a combination of these, in children and adolescents with a recent (within six months of trial entry) episode of SH resulting in presentation to hospital or clinical services. The primary outcome was the occurrence of a repeated episode of SH over a maximum follow-up period of two years. Secondary outcomes included treatment adherence, depression, hopelessness, general functioning, social functioning, suicidal ideation, and suicide. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We independently selected trials, extracted data, and appraised trial quality. For binary outcomes, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence internals (CIs). For continuous outcomes, we calculated the mean difference (MD) or standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% CIs. The overall quality of evidence for the primary outcome (i.e. repetition of SH at post-intervention) was appraised for each intervention using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We included data from 17 trials with a total of 2280 participants. Participants in these trials were predominately female (87.6%) with a mean age of 14.7 years (standard deviation (SD) 1.5 years). The trials included in this review investigated the effectiveness of various forms of psychosocial interventions. None of the included trials evaluated the effectiveness of pharmacological agents in this clinical population. There was a lower rate of SH repetition for DBT-A (30%) as compared to TAU, EUC, or alternative psychotherapy (43%) on repetition of SH at post-intervention in four trials (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.82; N = 270; k = 4; high-certainty evidence). There may be no evidence of a difference for individual cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)-based psychotherapy and TAU for repetition of SH at post-intervention (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.12 to 7.24; N = 51; k = 2; low-certainty evidence). We are uncertain whether mentalisation based therapy for adolescents (MBT-A) reduces repetition of SH at post-intervention as compared to TAU (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.06 to 8.46; N = 85; k = 2; very low-certainty evidence). Heterogeneity for this outcome was substantial ( I² = 68%). There is probably no evidence of a difference between family therapy and either TAU or EUC on repetition of SH at post-intervention (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.49 to 2.07; N = 191; k = 2; moderate-certainty evidence). However, there was no evidence of a difference for compliance enhancement approaches on repetition of SH by the six-month follow-up assessment, for group-based psychotherapy at the six- or 12-month follow-up assessments, for a remote contact intervention (emergency cards) at the 12-month assessment, or for therapeutic assessment at the 12- or 24-month follow-up assessments. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Given the moderate or very low quality of the available evidence, and the small number of trials identified, there is only uncertain evidence regarding a number of psychosocial interventions in children and adolescents who engage in SH. Further evaluation of DBT-A is warranted. Given the evidence for its benefit in adults who engage in SH, individual CBT-based psychotherapy should also be further developed and evaluated in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina G Witt
- Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah E Hetrick
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Children and Young People Satellite, Cochrane Common Mental Disorders, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gowri Rajaram
- Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philip Hazell
- Speciality of Psychiatry, University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tatiana L Taylor Salisbury
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ellen Townsend
- Self-Harm Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Keith Hawton
- Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Witt KG, Hetrick SE, Rajaram G, Hazell P, Taylor Salisbury TL, Townsend E, Hawton K. Pharmacological interventions for self-harm in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; 1:CD013669. [PMID: 35608866 PMCID: PMC8094615 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013669.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm (SH; intentional self-poisoning or self-injury regardless of degree of suicidal intent or other types of motivation) is a growing problem in most countries, often repeated, and associated with suicide. Evidence assessing the effectiveness of pharmacological agents and/or natural products in the treatment of SH is lacking, especially when compared with the evidence for psychosocial interventions. This review therefore updates a previous Cochrane Review (last published in 2015) on the role of pharmacological interventions for SH in adults. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of pharmacological agents or natural products for SH compared to comparison types of treatment (e.g. placebo or alternative pharmacological treatment) for adults (aged 18 years or older) who engage in SH. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Common Mental Disorders Specialised Register, the Cochrane Library (Central Register of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL] and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [CDSR]), together with MEDLINE. Ovid Embase and PsycINFO (to 4 July 2020). SELECTION CRITERIA We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing pharmacological agents or natural products with placebo/alternative pharmacological treatment in individuals with a recent (within six months of trial entry) episode of SH resulting in presentation to hospital or clinical services. The primary outcome was the occurrence of a repeated episode of SH over a maximum follow-up period of two years. Secondary outcomes included treatment acceptability, treatment adherence, depression, hopelessness, general functioning, social functioning, suicidal ideation, and suicide. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We independently selected trials, extracted data, and appraised trial quality. For binary outcomes, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence internals (CIs). For continuous outcomes we calculated the mean difference (MD) or standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% CI. The overall certainty of evidence for the primary outcome (i.e. repetition of SH at post-intervention) was appraised for each intervention using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We included data from seven trials with a total of 574 participants. Participants in these trials were predominately female (63.5%) with a mean age of 35.3 years (standard deviation (SD) 3.1 years). It is uncertain if newer generation antidepressants reduce repetition of SH compared to placebo (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.19; N = 129; k = 2; very low-certainty evidence). There may be a lower rate of SH repetition for antipsychotics (21%) as compared to placebo (75%) (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.50; N = 30; k = 1; low-certainty evidence). However, there was no evidence of a difference between antipsychotics compared to another comparator drug/dose for repetition of SH (OR 1.51, 95% CI 0.50 to 4.58; N = 53; k = 1; low-certainty evidence). There was also no evidence of a difference for mood stabilisers compared to placebo for repetition of SH (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.33 to 2.95; N = 167; k = 1; very low-certainty evidence), or for natural products compared to placebo for repetition of SH (OR 1.33, 95% CI 0.38 to 4.62; N = 49; k = 1; lo- certainty) evidence. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Given the low or very low quality of the available evidence, and the small number of trials identified, there is only uncertain evidence regarding pharmacological interventions in patients who engage in SH. More and larger trials of pharmacotherapy are required, preferably using newer agents. These might include evaluation of newer atypical antipsychotics. Further work should also include evaluation of adverse effects of pharmacological agents. Other research could include evaluation of combined pharmacotherapy and psychological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina G Witt
- Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah E Hetrick
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gowri Rajaram
- Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philip Hazell
- Speciality of Psychiatry, University of Sydney School of Medicine, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tatiana L Taylor Salisbury
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ellen Townsend
- Self-Harm Research Group, School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Keith Hawton
- Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Mirkovic B, Cohen D, Garny de la Rivière S, Pellerin H, Guilé JM, Consoli A, Gerardin P. Repeating a suicide attempt during adolescence: risk and protective factors 12 months after hospitalization. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1729-1740. [PMID: 32052175 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Suicide attempts (SAs) are a public health concern in adolescence. A brief hospitalization is recommended, but access to inpatient wards is often not available. In addition, numerous risk factors for SA recurrence have been identified, but few studies have explored protective factors. Here, we aimed to assess the role of both risk and protective factors on SA relapse in a context of free access to inpatient services. We performed a prospective follow-up study of 320 adolescents who were hospitalized for an SA between January 2011 and December 2014 in France. Assessments at baseline included socio-demographics, clinical characteristics, temperament, reasons for living, spirituality, and coping. Patients were re-evaluated at 6 months and 12 months for depression severity and SA relapse. A total of 135 and 91 patients (78 girls, 12 boys, aged 13-17) were followed up at 6 and 12 months, respectively. At the 12-month follow-up, 28 (30%) subjects had repeated an SA. Adolescents who either had a history of SA or were receiving psychotropic treatment at baseline were at higher risk of recurrence. Several variables had a protective effect: (1) productive coping skills, namely, working hard and achieving, physical recreation, and seeking relaxing diversions; (2) a particular temperament trait, namely, cooperativeness; and (3) having experienced more life events. We also found a significant interaction: the higher the depression score during follow-up, the lower the protective effect of productive coping. Our findings confirm that a history of SA and seeking psychiatric care with medication are risk factors for SA relapse. However, productive coping strategies and cooperativeness are protective factors, and the improvement of such strategies as well as treatment of persisting depression should be a goal of psychotherapy treatment offered to suicidal adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Mirkovic
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CHU Charles-Nicolle-CH Le Rouvray, Université Rouen Normandie, 1 Rue de Germont, 76000, Rouen, France.
- Unité de Recherche EA4047 (HANDIReSP), University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France.
| | - David Cohen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CHU Charles-Nicolle-CH Le Rouvray, Université Rouen Normandie, 1 Rue de Germont, 76000, Rouen, France
- CNRS, UMR 7222, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et Robotiques, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Garny de la Rivière
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Amiens, University Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Hugues Pellerin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CHU Charles-Nicolle-CH Le Rouvray, Université Rouen Normandie, 1 Rue de Germont, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Marc Guilé
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Amiens, University Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Angèle Consoli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CHU Charles-Nicolle-CH Le Rouvray, Université Rouen Normandie, 1 Rue de Germont, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Priscille Gerardin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CHU Charles-Nicolle-CH Le Rouvray, Université Rouen Normandie, 1 Rue de Germont, 76000, Rouen, France
- Laboratoire CRFDP, University of Normandie, Rouen, France
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Lee H, Myung W, Kim H, Lee EM, Kim H. Association between ambient temperature and injury by intentions and mechanisms: A case-crossover design with a distributed lag nonlinear model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141261. [PMID: 32745866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although injury is a leading cause of death worldwide, the association between ambient temperature and injury has received little research attention compared to the association of temperature with mortality and morbidity from non-external causes. With current climate change and increases in weather extremes, assessing the association between temperature and injury is important for determining public health priorities. Therefore, the present study examined the association between ambient temperature and injury risk with a focus on the intentions and mechanisms of injury. Using the national emergency database, we identified a total of 703,503 injured patients who had visited emergency departments in Seoul, South Korea from 2008 to 2016. We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study using a conditional Poisson regression model, and applied a distributed lag nonlinear model to explore possible nonlinear and delayed effects of daily mean temperature on injury risk. Injury risk was significantly associated with ambient temperature, and temperature-injury association curves markedly differed with respect to intentions and mechanisms of injury. Although unintentional injuries increased significantly at both high and low temperatures, intentional injuries - including self-harm and assault - significantly increased only at high temperatures. The mechanism-specific analyses showed that injuries caused by traffic accidents and burns significantly increased at both high and low temperatures. However, injuries caused by all other mechanisms (i.e., fall, blunt object, machinery, penetration, and poisoning) significantly increased only at high temperatures, while injury due to slipping increased at low temperatures. Our study provides evidence that ambient temperature is associated with risk of injury, and this association differs depending on the intentions and mechanisms of injury. Overall, our findings help foster a more comprehensive understanding of the association between temperature and injury that can be used to establish appropriate public health policies and targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Lee
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Lee
- Department of Health Science, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyekyeong Kim
- Department of Health Convergence, College of Science and Industry Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York (Mann, Rizk); Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Mann, Rizk); Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Mann)
| | - Mina M Rizk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York (Mann, Rizk); Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York (Mann, Rizk); Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York (Mann)
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Lithium chloride enhances serotonin induced calcium activity in EGFP-GnIH neurons. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13876. [PMID: 32807874 PMCID: PMC7431857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons synthesizing gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) have been implicated in the control of reproduction, food intake and stress. Serotonin (5-HT) receptors have been shown in GnIH neurons; however, their functional role in the regulation of GnIH neurons remains to be elucidated. In this study, we measured intracellular calcium ion levels following 5-HT treatment to hypothalamic primary cultures of enhanced fluorescent green protein-tagged GnIH (EGFP-GnIH) neurons from Wistar rat pups of mixed sex. Three days after initial seeding of the primary cultures, the test groups were pre-treated with lithium chloride to selectively inhibit glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta to promote intracellular calcium levels, whereas the control groups received culture medium with no lithium chloride treatment. 24 h later, the cultures were incubated with rhodamine-2AM (rhod-2AM) calcium indicator dye for one hour prior to imaging. 5-HT was added to the culture dishes 5 min after commencement of imaging. Analysis of intracellular calcium levels in EGFP-GnIH neurons showed that pre-treatment with lithium chloride before 5-HT treatment resulted in significant increase in intracellular calcium levels, two times higher than the baseline. This suggests that lithium chloride enhances the responsiveness of GnIH neurons to 5-HT.
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Comai S, De Gregorio D, Posa L, Ochoa-Sanchez R, Bedini A, Gobbi G. Dysfunction of serotonergic activity and emotional responses across the light-dark cycle in mice lacking melatonin MT 2 receptors. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12653. [PMID: 32239546 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (MLT) levels fluctuate according to the external light/dark cycle in both diurnal and nocturnal mammals. We previously demonstrated that melatonin MT2 receptor knockout (MT2 -/- ) mice show a decreased nonrapid eye movement sleep over 24 hours and increased wakefulness during the inactive (light) phase. Here, we investigated the role of MT2 receptors in physiological light/dark cycle fluctuations in the activity of dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) serotonin (5-HT) neurons and anxiety- and depression-like behavior. We found that the 5-HT burst-firing activity was tonically reduced across the whole 24 hours in MT2 -/- mice compared with MT2 +/+ mice. Importantly, the physiological changes in the spontaneous firing activity of DRN 5-HT neurons during the light/dark cycle were nullified in MT2 -/- mice, with a higher DRN 5-HT neural firing activity during the light phase in MT2 -/- than in MT2 +/+ mice. The role of MT2 receptors over DRN 5-HT neurons was confirmed by acute pharmacological studies in which the selective MT2 receptors agonist UCM1014 dose dependently inhibited DRN 5-HT activity, mostly during the dark phase. Compared with MT2 +/+ , MT2 -/- mice displayed an anxiety-like phenotype in the novelty-suppressed feeding and in the light/dark box tests; while anxiety levels in the light/dark box test were lower during the dark than during the light phase in MT2 +/+ mice, the opposite was seen in MT2 -/- mice. No differences between MT2 +/+ and MT2 -/- mice were observed for depression-like behavior in the forced swim and in the sucrose preference tests. These results suggest that MT2 receptor genetic inactivation impacts 5-HT neurotransmission and interferes with anxiety levels by perturbing the physiologic light/dark pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Comai
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute University, Milan, Italy
| | - Danilo De Gregorio
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Luca Posa
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rafael Ochoa-Sanchez
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Annalida Bedini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University and McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Witt KG, Hawton K, Hetrick SE, Taylor Salisbury TL, Townsend E, Hazell P. Interventions for self-harm in children and adolescents. Hippokratia 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina G Witt
- Orygen; Parkville, Melbourne Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Australia
| | - Keith Hawton
- Centre for Suicide Research, Department of Psychiatry; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - Sarah E Hetrick
- Department of Psychological Medicine; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Tatiana L Taylor Salisbury
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience; King's College London; London UK
| | - Ellen Townsend
- Self-Harm Research Group, School of Psychology; University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | - Philip Hazell
- Discipline of Psychiatry; The University of Sydney School of Medicine; Sydney Australia
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