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Pashkevich MD, Marshall CAM, Freeman B, Reiss-Woolever VJ, Caliman JP, Drewer J, Heath B, Hendren MT, Saputra A, Stone J, Timperley JH, Draper W, Gbarway A, Geninyan B, Goll B, Guahn M, Gweh AN, Hadfield P, Jah MT, Jayswen S, Jones T, Kandie S, Koffa D, Korb J, Koon N, Manewah B, Medrano LM, Palmeirim AF, Pett B, Rocha R, Swope-Nyantee E, Tue J, Tuolee J, Van Dessel P, Vincent A, Weah R, Widodo R, Yennego AJ, Yonmah J, Turner EC. The socioecological benefits and consequences of oil palm cultivation in its native range: The Sustainable Oil Palm in West Africa (SOPWA) Project. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171850. [PMID: 38521255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Agriculture is expanding rapidly across the tropics. While cultivation can boost socioeconomic conditions and food security, it also threatens native ecosystems. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), which is grown pantropically, is the most productive vegetable oil crop worldwide. The impacts of oil palm cultivation have been studied extensively in Southeast Asia and - to a lesser extent - in Latin America but, in comparison, very little is known about its impacts in Africa: oil palm's native range, and where cultivation is expanding rapidly. In this paper, we introduce a large-scale research programme - the Sustainable Oil Palm in West Africa (SOPWA) Project - that is evaluating the relative ecological impacts of oil palm cultivation under traditional (i.e., by local people) and industrial (i.e., by a large-scale corporation) management in Liberia. Our paper is twofold in focus. First, we use systematic mapping to appraise the literature on oil palm research in an African context, assessing the geographic and disciplinary focus of existing research. We found 757 publications occurring in 36 African countries. Studies tended to focus on the impacts of palm oil consumption on human health and wellbeing. We found no research that has evaluated the whole-ecosystem (i.e., multiple taxa and ecosystem functions) impacts of oil palm cultivation in Africa, a knowledge gap which the SOPWA Project directly addresses. Second, we describe the SOPWA Project's study design and-using canopy cover, ground vegetation cover, and soil temperature data as a case study-demonstrate its utility for assessing differences between areas of rainforest and oil palm agriculture. We outline the socioecological data collected by the SOPWA Project to date and describe the potential for future research, to encourage new collaborations and additional similar projects of its kind in West Africa. Increased research in Africa is needed urgently to understand the combined ecological and sociocultural impacts of oil palm and other agriculture in this unique region. This will help to ensure long-term sustainability of the oil palm industry-and, indeed, all tropical agricultural activity-in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Pashkevich
- Insect Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom; Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Cicely A M Marshall
- Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Benedictus Freeman
- William R. Tolbert, Jr. College of Agriculture and Forestry, Fendall Campus, University of Liberia, Montserrado County, Liberia
| | - Valentine J Reiss-Woolever
- Insect Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Pierre Caliman
- Sinar Mas Agro Resources and Technology Research Institute (SMARTRI), Jalan Teuku Umar 19, Pekanbaru, 28112, Riau, Indonesia
| | - Julia Drewer
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - Becky Heath
- Insect Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew T Hendren
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ari Saputra
- Golden Veroleum Liberia, 17(th) St, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Jake Stone
- Insect Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan H Timperley
- Insect Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
| | - William Draper
- William R. Tolbert, Jr. College of Agriculture and Forestry, Fendall Campus, University of Liberia, Montserrado County, Liberia
| | - Abednego Gbarway
- Forestry Development Authority of the Government of Liberia, Whein Town, Mount Barclay, Liberia
| | - Bility Geninyan
- Forestry Development Authority of the Government of Liberia, Whein Town, Mount Barclay, Liberia
| | - Blamah Goll
- Forestry Development Authority of the Government of Liberia, Whein Town, Mount Barclay, Liberia
| | - Marshall Guahn
- William R. Tolbert, Jr. College of Agriculture and Forestry, Fendall Campus, University of Liberia, Montserrado County, Liberia
| | - Andrew N Gweh
- William R. Tolbert, Jr. College of Agriculture and Forestry, Fendall Campus, University of Liberia, Montserrado County, Liberia
| | - Peter Hadfield
- Ecology Solutions Ltd, Unit 4 Cokenach Estate, Royston, SG8 8DL, United Kingdom
| | - Morris T Jah
- Forestry Development Authority of the Government of Liberia, Whein Town, Mount Barclay, Liberia
| | | | - Tiecanna Jones
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies and Climate Change, University of Liberia, Capitol Hill, Monrovia, Liberia
| | | | | | - Judith Korb
- Evolutionary Biology & Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Ana F Palmeirim
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Brogan Pett
- SpiDiverse, Biodiversity Inventory for Conservation (BINCO), 3380 Walmersumstraat, Glabbeek, Belgium; Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, UK
| | - Ricardo Rocha
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Abraham Vincent
- Forestry Development Authority of the Government of Liberia, Whein Town, Mount Barclay, Liberia
| | - Romeo Weah
- Forestry Development Authority of the Government of Liberia, Whein Town, Mount Barclay, Liberia
| | - Rudy Widodo
- Golden Veroleum Liberia, 17(th) St, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Alfred J Yennego
- William R. Tolbert, Jr. College of Agriculture and Forestry, Fendall Campus, University of Liberia, Montserrado County, Liberia
| | - Jerry Yonmah
- Forestry Development Authority of the Government of Liberia, Whein Town, Mount Barclay, Liberia
| | - Edgar C Turner
- Insect Ecology Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom
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Wenzel A, Westphal C, Ballauff J, Berkelmann D, Brambach F, Buchori D, Camarretta N, Corre MD, Daniel R, Darras K, Erasmi S, Formaglio G, Hölscher D, Iddris NAA, Irawan B, Knohl A, Kotowska MM, Krashevska V, Kreft H, Mulyani Y, Mußhoff O, Paterno GB, Polle A, Potapov A, Röll A, Scheu S, Schlund M, Schneider D, Sibhatu KT, Stiegler C, Sundawati L, Tjoa A, Tscharntke T, Veldkamp E, Waite PA, Wollni M, Zemp DC, Grass I. Balancing economic and ecological functions in smallholder and industrial oil palm plantations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2307220121. [PMID: 38621138 PMCID: PMC11047082 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307220121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The expansion of the oil palm industry in Indonesia has improved livelihoods in rural communities, but comes at the cost of biodiversity and ecosystem degradation. Here, we investigated ways to balance ecological and economic outcomes of oil palm cultivation. We compared a wide range of production systems, including smallholder plantations, industrialized company estates, estates with improved agronomic management, and estates with native tree enrichment. Across all management types, we assessed multiple indicators of biodiversity, ecosystem functions, management, and landscape structure to identify factors that facilitate economic-ecological win-wins, using palm yields as measure of economic performance. Although, we found that yields in industrialized estates were, on average, twice as high as those in smallholder plantations, ecological indicators displayed substantial variability across systems, regardless of yield variations, highlighting potential for economic-ecological win-wins. Reducing management intensity (e.g., mechanical weeding instead of herbicide application) did not lower yields but improved ecological outcomes at moderate costs, making it a potential measure for balancing economic and ecological demands. Additionally, maintaining forest cover in the landscape generally enhanced local biodiversity and ecosystem functioning within plantations. Enriching plantations with native trees is also a promising strategy to increase ecological value without reducing productivity. Overall, we recommend closing yield gaps in smallholder cultivation through careful intensification, whereas conventional plantations could reduce management intensity without sacrificing yield. Our study highlights various pathways to reconcile the economics and ecology of palm oil production and identifies management practices for a more sustainable future of oil palm cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Wenzel
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Johannes Ballauff
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Dirk Berkelmann
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede7522 NB, Netherlands
- Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart70599, Germany
- Laboratorio Biotecnología de Plantas, Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro11501, Costa Rica
| | - Fabian Brambach
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Damayanti Buchori
- Department of Plant Protection, IPB University, Bogor16680, Indonesia
| | | | - Marife D. Corre
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede7522 NB, Netherlands
| | - Kevin Darras
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Stefan Erasmi
- Thünen Institute of Farm Economics, Braunschweig38116, Germany
| | - Greta Formaglio
- Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Najeeb Al-Amin Iddris
- Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Bambang Irawan
- Forestry Faculty, University of Jambi, Jambi36361, Indonesia
| | - Alexander Knohl
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Martyna M. Kotowska
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Valentyna Krashevska
- Department of Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37073, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Yeni Mulyani
- Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor16680, Indonesia
| | - Oliver Mußhoff
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37073, Germany
| | - Gustavo B. Paterno
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Anton Potapov
- Department of Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37073, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig04103, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig04103, Germany
| | - Alexander Röll
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Department of Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37073, Germany
| | - Michael Schlund
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede7522 NB, Netherlands
| | - Dominik Schneider
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Kibrom T. Sibhatu
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37073, Germany
| | | | - Leti Sundawati
- Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor16680, Indonesia
| | - Aiyen Tjoa
- Agriculture Faculty, Tadulako University, Palu94118, Indonesia
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37075, Germany
| | - Edzo Veldkamp
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
| | - Pierre-André Waite
- Technische Universität Dresden, Chair of Forest Botany, Tharandt01737, Germany
| | - Meike Wollni
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37077, Germany
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Göttingen, Göttingen37073, Germany
| | | | - Ingo Grass
- Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart70599, Germany
- Center for Biodiversity and Integrative Taxonomy (KomBioTa), University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart70599, Germany
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3
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von Groß V, Sibhatu KT, Knohl A, Qaim M, Veldkamp E, Hölscher D, Zemp DC, Corre MD, Grass I, Fiedler S, Stiegler C, Irawan B, Sundawati L, Husmann K, Paul C. Transformation scenarios towards multifunctional landscapes: A multi-criteria land-use allocation model applied to Jambi Province, Indonesia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120710. [PMID: 38547822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
In tropical regions, shifting from forests and traditional agroforestry to intensive plantations generates conflicts between human welfare (farmers' demands and societal needs) and environmental protection. Achieving sustainability in this transformation will inevitably involve trade-offs between multiple ecological and socioeconomic functions. To address these trade-offs, our study used a new methodological approach allowing the identification of transformation scenarios, including theoretical landscape compositions that satisfy multiple ecological functions (i.e., structural complexity, microclimatic conditions, organic carbon in plant biomass, soil organic carbon and nutrient leaching losses), and farmers needs (i.e., labor and input requirements, total income to land, and return to land and labor) while accounting for the uncertain provision of these functions and having an actual potential for adoption by farmers. We combined a robust, multi-objective optimization approach with an iterative search algorithm allowing the identification of ecological and socioeconomic functions that best explain current land-use decisions. The model then optimized the theoretical land-use composition that satisfied multiple ecological and socioeconomic functions. Between these ends, we simulated transformation scenarios reflecting the transition from current land-use composition towards a normative multifunctional optimum. These transformation scenarios involve increasing the number of optimized socioeconomic or ecological functions, leading to higher functional richness (i.e., number of functions). We applied this method to smallholder farms in the Jambi Province, Indonesia, where traditional rubber agroforestry, rubber plantations, and oil palm plantations are the main land-use systems. Given the currently practiced land-use systems, our study revealed short-term returns to land as the principal factor in explaining current land-use decisions. Fostering an alternative composition that satisfies additional socioeconomic functions would require minor changes ("low-hanging fruits"). However, satisfying even a single ecological indicator (e.g., reduction of nutrient leaching losses) would demand substantial changes in the current land-use composition ("moonshot"). This would inevitably lead to a profit decline, underscoring the need for incentives if the societal goal is to establish multifunctional agricultural landscapes. With many oil palm plantations nearing the end of their production cycles in the Jambi province, there is a unique window of opportunity to transform agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker von Groß
- Forest Economics and Sustainable Land-use Planning, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
| | - Kibrom T Sibhatu
- International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alexander Knohl
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable land-use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany; Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Matin Qaim
- Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Edzo Veldkamp
- Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable land-use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany; Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Delphine Clara Zemp
- Conservation Biology Lab, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Marife D Corre
- Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Ingo Grass
- Department of Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, 70599, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fiedler
- Ecosystem Modelling, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | | | - Bambang Irawan
- Forestry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jambi, Jambi, 36122, Indonesia; Center of Excellence for Land-Use Transformation Systems, University of Jambi, Jambi, 36122, Indonesia
| | - Leti Sundawati
- Department of Forest Management, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Kai Husmann
- Forest Economics and Sustainable Land-use Planning, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Carola Paul
- Forest Economics and Sustainable Land-use Planning, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany; Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable land-use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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4
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Susanti WI, Krashevska V, Widyastuti R, Stiegler C, Gunawan D, Scheu S, Potapov AM. Seasonal fluctuations of litter and soil Collembola and their drivers in rainforest and plantation systems. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17125. [PMID: 38577414 PMCID: PMC10993886 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Rainforest conversion and expansion of plantations in tropical regions change local microclimate and are associated with biodiversity decline. Tropical soils are a hotspot of animal biodiversity and may sensitively respond to microclimate changes, but these responses remain unexplored. To address this knowledge gap, here we investigated seasonal fluctuations in density and community composition of Collembola, a dominant group of soil invertebrates, in rainforest, and in rubber and oil palm plantations in Jambi province (Sumatra, Indonesia). Across land-use systems, the density of Collembola in the litter was at a maximum at the beginning of the wet season, whereas in soil it generally varied little. The community composition of Collembola changed with season and the differences between land-use systems were most pronounced at the beginning of the dry season. Water content, pH, fungal and bacterial biomarkers, C/N ratio and root biomass were identified as factors related to seasonal variations in species composition of Collembola across different land-use systems. We conclude that (1) conversion of rainforest into plantation systems aggravates detrimental effects of low moisture during the dry season on soil invertebrate communities; (2) Collembola communities are driven by common environmental factors across land-use systems, with water content, pH and food availability being most important; (3) Collembola in litter are more sensitive to climatic variations than those in soil. Overall, the results document the sensitivity of tropical soil invertebrate communities to seasonal climatic variations, which intensifies the effects of the conversion of rainforest into plantation systems on soil biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winda Ika Susanti
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Valentyna Krashevska
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rahayu Widyastuti
- Department of Soil Sciences and Land Resources, Bogor Institute of Agriculture, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Dodo Gunawan
- Center for Climate Change Information, Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Stefan Scheu
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anton M. Potapov
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Potapov AM, Drescher J, Darras K, Wenzel A, Janotta N, Nazarreta R, Kasmiatun, Laurent V, Mawan A, Utari EH, Pollierer MM, Rembold K, Widyastuti R, Buchori D, Hidayat P, Turner E, Grass I, Westphal C, Tscharntke T, Scheu S. Rainforest transformation reallocates energy from green to brown food webs. Nature 2024; 627:116-122. [PMID: 38355803 PMCID: PMC10917685 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Terrestrial animal biodiversity is increasingly being lost because of land-use change1,2. However, functional and energetic consequences aboveground and belowground and across trophic levels in megadiverse tropical ecosystems remain largely unknown. To fill this gap, we assessed changes in energy fluxes across 'green' aboveground (canopy arthropods and birds) and 'brown' belowground (soil arthropods and earthworms) animal food webs in tropical rainforests and plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia. Our results showed that most of the energy in rainforests is channelled to the belowground animal food web. Oil palm and rubber plantations had similar or, in the case of rubber agroforest, higher total animal energy fluxes compared to rainforest but the key energetic nodes were distinctly different: in rainforest more than 90% of the total animal energy flux was channelled by arthropods in soil and canopy, whereas in plantations more than 50% of the energy was allocated to annelids (earthworms). Land-use change led to a consistent decline in multitrophic energy flux aboveground, whereas belowground food webs responded with reduced energy flux to higher trophic levels, down to -90%, and with shifts from slow (fungal) to fast (bacterial) energy channels and from faeces production towards consumption of soil organic matter. This coincides with previously reported soil carbon stock depletion3. Here we show that well-documented animal biodiversity declines with tropical land-use change4-6 are associated with vast energetic and functional restructuring in food webs across aboveground and belowground ecosystem compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Potapov
- Animal Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
- Insitute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | - Kevin Darras
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Arne Wenzel
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Noah Janotta
- Animal Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rizky Nazarreta
- Department of Plant Protection, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Kasmiatun
- Department of Plant Protection, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Amanda Mawan
- Animal Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Endah H Utari
- Department of Plant Protection, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Katja Rembold
- Botanical Garden of University of Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Damayanti Buchori
- Department of Plant Protection, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Centre for Transdisciplinary and Sustainability Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Purnama Hidayat
- Department of Plant Protection, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Edgar Turner
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ingo Grass
- Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Scheu
- Animal Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttigen, Göttingen, Germany
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6
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Waite PA, Leuschner C, Delzon S, Triadiati T, Saad A, Schuldt B. Plasticity of wood and leaf traits related to hydraulic efficiency and safety is linked to evaporative demand and not soil moisture in rubber (Hevea brasiliensis). TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:2131-2149. [PMID: 37707940 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The predicted increase of drought intensity in South-East Asia has raised concern about the sustainability of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) cultivation. In order to quantify the degree of phenotypic plasticity in this important tree crop species, we analysed a set of wood and leaf traits related to the hydraulic safety and efficiency in PB260 clones from eight small-holder plantations in Jambi province, Indonesia, representing a gradient in local microclimatic and edaphic conditions. Across plots, branch embolism resistance (P50) ranged from -2.14 to -2.58 MPa. The P50 and P88 values declined, and the hydraulic safety margin increased, with an increase in the mean annual vapour pressure deficit (VPD). Among leaf traits, only the changes in specific leaf area were related to the differences in evaporative demand. These variations of hydraulic trait values were not related to soil moisture levels. We did not find a trade-off between hydraulic safety and efficiency, but vessel density (VD) emerged as a major trait associated with both safety and efficiency. The VD, and not vessel diameter, was closely related to P50 and P88 as well as to specific hydraulic conductivity, the lumen-to-sapwood area ratio and the vessel grouping index. In conclusion, our results demonstrate some degree of phenotypic plasticity in wood traits related to hydraulic safety in this tropical tree species, but this is only in response to the local changes in evaporative demand and not soil moisture. Given that VPD may increasingly limit plant growth in a warmer world, our results provide evidence of hydraulic trait changes in response to a rising evaporative demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-André Waite
- Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Technical University of Dresden, Pienner Straße 7, Tharandt 01737, Germany
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, Goettingen 37073, Germany
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, Goettingen 37073, Germany
| | - Sylvain Delzon
- Department of Biodiversity, Genes, and Communities (BIOGECO), Institut National de Recherche pour Agriculture, Alimentation et Environnement (INRAE), Université Bordeaux, Bat. 2 Allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, Pessac 33615, France
| | - Triadiati Triadiati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor IPB University, Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Asmadi Saad
- Department of Soil Science, University of Jambi, Jalan Raya Jambi Muara Bulian KM 15 Mandalo Indah, Jambi, Sumatra 36361, Indonesia
| | - Bernhard Schuldt
- Institute of Forest Botany and Forest Zoology, Technical University of Dresden, Pienner Straße 7, Tharandt 01737, Germany
- Plant Ecology, Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Untere Karspüle 2, Goettingen 37073, Germany
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7
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Saager ES, Iwamura T, Jucker T, Murray KA. Deforestation for oil palm increases microclimate suitability for the development of the disease vector Aedes albopictus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9514. [PMID: 37308504 PMCID: PMC10260943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A major trade-off of land-use change is the potential for increased risk of infectious diseases, a.o. through impacting disease vector life-cycles. Evaluating the public health implications of land-use conversions requires spatially detailed modelling linking land-use to vector ecology. Here, we estimate the impact of deforestation for oil palm cultivation on the number of life-cycle completions of Aedes albopictus via its impact on local microclimates. We apply a recently developed mechanistic phenology model to a fine-scaled (50-m resolution) microclimate dataset that includes daily temperature, rainfall and evaporation. Results of this combined model indicate that the conversion from lowland rainforest to plantations increases suitability for A. albopictus development by 10.8%, moderated to 4.7% with oil palm growth to maturity. Deforestation followed by typical plantation planting-maturation-clearance-replanting cycles is predicted to create pulses of high development suitability. Our results highlight the need to explore sustainable land-use scenarios that resolve conflicts between agricultural and human health objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Saager
- Centre for Translational Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - T Iwamura
- Department F.-A. Forel for Aquatic and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Jucker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - K A Murray
- MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, UK
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8
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Zemp DC, Guerrero-Ramirez N, Brambach F, Darras K, Grass I, Potapov A, Röll A, Arimond I, Ballauff J, Behling H, Berkelmann D, Biagioni S, Buchori D, Craven D, Daniel R, Gailing O, Ellsäßer F, Fardiansah R, Hennings N, Irawan B, Khokthong W, Krashevska V, Krause A, Kückes J, Li K, Lorenz H, Maraun M, Merk MS, Moura CCM, Mulyani YA, Paterno GB, Pebrianti HD, Polle A, Prameswari DA, Sachsenmaier L, Scheu S, Schneider D, Setiajiati F, Setyaningsih CA, Sundawati L, Tscharntke T, Wollni M, Hölscher D, Kreft H. Tree islands enhance biodiversity and functioning in oil palm landscapes. Nature 2023; 618:316-321. [PMID: 37225981 PMCID: PMC10247383 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration1, large knowledge gaps persist on how to increase biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in cash crop-dominated tropical landscapes2. Here, we present findings from a large-scale, 5-year ecosystem restoration experiment in an oil palm landscape enriched with 52 tree islands, encompassing assessments of ten indicators of biodiversity and 19 indicators of ecosystem functioning. Overall, indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, as well as multidiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality, were higher in tree islands compared to conventionally managed oil palm. Larger tree islands led to larger gains in multidiversity through changes in vegetation structure. Furthermore, tree enrichment did not decrease landscape-scale oil palm yield. Our results demonstrate that enriching oil palm-dominated landscapes with tree islands is a promising ecological restoration strategy, yet should not replace the protection of remaining forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Clara Zemp
- Conservation Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Nathaly Guerrero-Ramirez
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Brambach
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kevin Darras
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Grass
- Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anton Potapov
- Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Röll
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Arimond
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, Dept. of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Ballauff
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hermann Behling
- Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Berkelmann
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Siria Biagioni
- Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Damayanti Buchori
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Meranti, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor, Indonesia
- Center for Transdisciplinary and Sustainability Sciences, IPB University, Jalan Pajajaran, Indonesia
| | - Dylan Craven
- Centre for Ecosystem Modeling and Monitoring, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Gailing
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Ellsäßer
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Natural Resources, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Riko Fardiansah
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Zoological Museum, Center of Natural History, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Jambi Jln Raya Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - Nina Hennings
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bambang Irawan
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Jambi Jln Raya Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - Watit Khokthong
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Valentyna Krashevska
- Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alena Krause
- Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Kückes
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kevin Li
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Lorenz
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark Maraun
- Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Miryam Sarah Merk
- Chairs of Statistics and Econometrics, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carina C M Moura
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yeni A Mulyani
- Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Gustavo B Paterno
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Polle
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Di Ajeng Prameswari
- Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Sachsenmaier
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schneider
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fitta Setiajiati
- Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Christina Ani Setyaningsih
- Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leti Sundawati
- Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Meike Wollni
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Environmental and Resource Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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9
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Zhou Z, Lu JZ, Preiser J, Widyastuti R, Scheu S, Potapov A. Plant roots fuel tropical soil animal communities. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:742-753. [PMID: 36857203 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Belowground life relies on plant litter, while its linkage to living roots had long been understudied, and remains unknown in the tropics. Here, we analysed the response of 30 soil animal groups to root trenching and litter removal in rainforest and plantations in Sumatra, and found that roots are similarly important to soil fauna as litter. Trenching effects were stronger in soil than in litter, with an overall decrease in animal abundance in rainforest by 42% and in plantations by 30%. Litter removal little affected animals in soil, but decreased the total abundance by 60% in rainforest and rubber plantations but not in oil palm plantations. Litter and root effects on animal group abundances were explained by body size or vertical distribution. Our study quantifies principle carbon pathways in soil food webs under tropical land use, providing the basis for mechanistic modelling and ecosystem-friendly management of tropical soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jing-Zhong Lu
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jooris Preiser
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rahayu Widyastuti
- Department of Soil Sciences and Land Resources, Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Stefan Scheu
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anton Potapov
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Mawan A, Hartke TR, Deharveng L, Zhang F, Buchori D, Scheu S, Drescher J. Response of arboreal Collembola communities to the conversion of lowland rainforest into rubber and oil palm plantations. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:144. [DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In the last decades, Southeast Asia has experienced massive conversion of rainforest into rubber and oil palm monoculture plantations. The effects of this land-use change on canopy arthropods are still largely unknown. Arboreal Collembola are among the most abundant canopy arthropods in tropical forests, potentially forming a major component of the canopy food web by contributing to the decomposition of arboreal litter and being an important prey for canopy arthropod predators. We investigated abundance, richness, and community composition of, as well as the influence of a series of environmental factors on, canopy Collembola communities in four land-use systems in Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia: (1) lowland rainforest, (2) jungle rubber (rubber agroforest), and monoculture plantations of (3) rubber and (4) oil palm.
Results
Using canopy fogging in 32 research plots in both the dry and rainy seasons in 2013, we collected 77,104 specimens belonging to 68 (morpho) species. Generally, Collembola communities were dominated by few species including two species of the genus Salina (Paronellidae; 34% of total individuals) and two species of Lepidocyrtinae (Entomobryidae; 20%). The abundance of Collembola in lowland rainforest (53.4 ± 30.7 ind. m−2) was more than five times higher than in rubber plantations, and more than ten times higher than in oil palm plantations; abundances in jungle rubber were intermediate. Collembola species richness was highest in rainforest (18.06 ± 3.60 species) and jungle rubber (16.88 ± 2.33 species), more than twice that in rubber or oil palm. Collembola community composition was similar in rainforest and jungle rubber, but different from monoculture plantations which had similar Collembola community composition to each other. The environmental factors governing community composition differed between the land-use systems and varied between seasons.
Conclusions
Overall, this is the first in-depth report on the structure of arboreal Collembola communities in lowland rainforest and agricultural replacement systems in Southeast Asia. The results highlight the potentially major consequences of land-use change for the functioning of arboreal arthropod food webs.
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11
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Antunes AC, Gauzens B, Brose U, Potapov AM, Jochum M, Santini L, Eisenhauer N, Ferlian O, Cesarz S, Scheu S, Hirt MR. Environmental drivers of local abundance–mass scaling in soil animal communities. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Antunes
- Inst. of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller Univ. Jena Jena Germany
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Benoit Gauzens
- Inst. of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller Univ. Jena Jena Germany
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- Inst. of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller Univ. Jena Jena Germany
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Anton M. Potapov
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Inst. of Zoology and Anthropology, Univ. of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
| | - Malte Jochum
- Experimental Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Inst. of Biology, Leipzig Univ. Leipzig Germany
| | - Luca Santini
- Dept of Biology and Biotechnologies ‘Charles Darwin', Sapienza Univ. of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- Experimental Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Inst. of Biology, Leipzig Univ. Leipzig Germany
| | - Olga Ferlian
- Experimental Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Inst. of Biology, Leipzig Univ. Leipzig Germany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- Experimental Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Inst. of Biology, Leipzig Univ. Leipzig Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Inst. of Zoology and Anthropology, Univ. of Goettingen Goettingen Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use Göttingen Germany
| | - Myriam R. Hirt
- Inst. of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller Univ. Jena Jena Germany
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
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12
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Kasmiatun, Hartke TR, Buchori D, Hidayat P, Siddikah F, Amrulloh R, Hiola MS, Najmi L, Noerdjito WA, Scheu S, Drescher J. Rainforest conversion to smallholder cash crops leads to varying declines of beetles (Coleoptera) on Sumatra. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasmiatun
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture IPB University Bogor West Java Indonesia
| | - Tamara R. Hartke
- Animal Ecology, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander König (ZFMK) Centre for Biodiversity Monitoring Bonn Germany
| | - Damayanti Buchori
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture IPB University Bogor West Java Indonesia
- Center for Transdisciplinary and Sustainability Sciences IPB University Bogor West Java Indonesia
| | - Purnama Hidayat
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture IPB University Bogor West Java Indonesia
| | - Fatimah Siddikah
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture IPB University Bogor West Java Indonesia
| | - Rosyid Amrulloh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture IPB University Bogor West Java Indonesia
| | | | - Lailatun Najmi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture IPB University Bogor West Java Indonesia
| | - Woro A. Noerdjito
- Research Center for Biology Indonesian Institute of Sciences Bogor West Java Indonesia
| | - Stefan Scheu
- Animal Ecology, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use Göttingen Germany
| | - Jochen Drescher
- Animal Ecology, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
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13
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Edy N, Barus HN, Finkeldey R, Polle A. Host plant richness and environment in tropical forest transformation systems shape arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal richness. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1004097. [PMID: 36311137 PMCID: PMC9606760 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1004097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Transformation of tropical lowland rain forests into rubber tree and oil palm plantations is the cause of massive loss of vegetation diversity. The consequences for associated mycorrhizal fungi are not fully understood. We hypothesized that generalist arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are resistant to removal of host species richness and that forest conversion to oil palm and rubber leads to loss of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) species with host preferences. Plant identities and AMF species were determined by molecular barcoding of 112 roots collected in three land-use systems (rain forest, rubber tree and oil palm plantation) in two landscapes on Sumatra (Indonesia), a world hotspot of forest transformation. The collected roots were from 43 forest plant species, in addition to rubber trees and oil palms. We detected 28 AMF species of which about 75% were present in forest trees and 25% shared among the land use systems. Only one AMF species present in plantation roots was not detected in the analyzed forest roots. Host specificity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was not detected. Oil palm and rubber tree roots exhibited a strong reduction in AMF richness compared with roots from rainforests and were differentiated by soil resources. On basis of an individual root, oil palm had a lower AMF species richness than forest or rubber tree roots. Our results demonstrate that tropical AMF communities are shaped by two mechanisms: (i) root habitat diversity as the result of plant diversity and (ii) habitat properties as the result of plant traits or environmental conditions and management. Collectively, deterioration of habitat diversity and properties exacerbates impoverishment of AMF assemblages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Edy
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Agrotechnology, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Center of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
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14
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Swails E, Hergoualc'h K, Deng J, Frolking S, Novita N. How can process-based modeling improve peat CO 2 and N 2O emission factors for oil palm plantations? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 839:156153. [PMID: 35609697 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oil palm plantations on peat and associated drainage generate sizeable GHG emissions. Current IPCC default emission factors (EF) for oil palm on organic soil are based on a very limited number of observations from young plantations, thereby resulting in large uncertainties in emissions estimates. To explore the potential of process-based modeling to refine oil palm peat CO2 and N2O EFs, we simulated peat GHG emissions and biogeophysical variables over 30 years in plantations of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The DNDC model simulated well the magnitude of C inputs (litterfall and root mortality) and dynamics of annual heterotrophic respiration and peat decomposition N2O fluxes. The modeled peat onsite CO2-C EF was lower than the IPCC default (11 Mg C ha-1 yr-1) and decreased from 7.7 ± 0.4 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 in the first decade to 3.0 ± 0.2 and 1.8 ± 0.3 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 in the second and third decades of the rotation. The modeled N2O-N EF from peat decomposition was higher than the IPCC default (1.2 kg N ha-1 yr-1) and increased from 3.5 ± 0.3 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in the first decade to 4.7-4.6 ± 0.5 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in the following ones. Modeled fertilizer-induced N2O emissions were minimal and much less than 1.6% of N inputs recommended by the IPCC in wet climates regardless of soil type. Temporal variations in EFs were strongly linked to soil C:N ratio and soil mineral N content for CO2 and fertilizer-induced N2O emissions, and to precipitation, water table level and soil NH4+ content for peat decomposition N2O emissions. These results suggest that current IPCC EFs for oil palm on organic soil could over-estimate peat onsite CO2 emissions and underestimate peat decomposition N2O emissions and that temporal variation in emissions should be considered for further improvement of EFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Swails
- Center for International Forestry Research, Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindang Barang, Bogor 16115, Indonesia.
| | - Kristell Hergoualc'h
- Center for International Forestry Research, Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindang Barang, Bogor 16115, Indonesia
| | - Jia Deng
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, 8 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Steve Frolking
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, 8 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Nisa Novita
- Yayasan Konservasi Alam Nusantara, Graha Iskandarsyah 3(rd) floor, Jalan Iskandarsyah Raya 66 C, 12160 Jakarta, Indonesia
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15
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Abstract
Global patterns of regional (gamma) plant diversity are relatively well known, but whether these patterns hold for local communities, and the dependence on spatial grain, remain controversial. Using data on 170,272 georeferenced local plant assemblages, we created global maps of alpha diversity (local species richness) for vascular plants at three different spatial grains, for forests and non-forests. We show that alpha diversity is consistently high across grains in some regions (for example, Andean-Amazonian foothills), but regional 'scaling anomalies' (deviations from the positive correlation) exist elsewhere, particularly in Eurasian temperate forests with disproportionally higher fine-grained richness and many African tropical forests with disproportionally higher coarse-grained richness. The influence of different climatic, topographic and biogeographical variables on alpha diversity also varies across grains. Our multi-grain maps return a nuanced understanding of vascular plant biodiversity patterns that complements classic maps of biodiversity hotspots and will improve predictions of global change effects on biodiversity.
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16
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Ramos D, Hartke TR, Buchori D, Dupérré N, Hidayat P, Lia M, Harms D, Scheu S, Drescher J. Rainforest conversion to rubber and oil palm reduces abundance, biomass and diversity of canopy spiders. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13898. [PMID: 35990898 PMCID: PMC9390325 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rainforest canopies, home to one of the most complex and diverse terrestrial arthropod communities, are threatened by conversion of rainforest into agricultural production systems. However, little is known about how predatory arthropod communities respond to such conversion. To address this, we compared canopy spider (Araneae) communities from lowland rainforest with those from three agricultural systems in Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia, i.e., jungle rubber (rubber agroforest) and monoculture plantations of rubber and oil palm. Using canopy fogging, we collected 10,676 spider specimens belonging to 36 families and 445 morphospecies. The four most abundant families (Salticidae N = 2,043, Oonopidae N = 1,878, Theridiidae N = 1,533 and Clubionidae N = 1,188) together comprised 62.2% of total individuals, while the four most speciose families, Salticidae (S = 87), Theridiidae (S = 83), Araneidae (S = 48) and Thomisidae (S = 39), contained 57.8% of all morphospecies identified. In lowland rainforest, average abundance, biomass and species richness of canopy spiders was at least twice as high as in rubber or oil palm plantations, with jungle rubber showing similar abundances as rainforest, and intermediate biomass and richness. Community composition of spiders was similar in rainforest and jungle rubber, but differed from rubber and oil palm, which also differed from each other. Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed that canopy openness, aboveground tree biomass and tree density together explained 18.2% of the variation in spider communities at family level. On a morphospecies level, vascular plant species richness and tree density significantly affected the community composition but explained only 6.8% of the variance. While abundance, biomass and diversity of spiders declined strongly with the conversion of rainforest into monoculture plantations of rubber and oil palm, we also found that a large proportion of the rainforest spider community can thrive in extensive agroforestry systems such as jungle rubber. Despite being very different from rainforest, the canopy spider communities in rubber and oil palm plantations may still play a vital role in the biological control of canopy herbivore species, thus contributing important ecosystem services. The components of tree and palm canopy structure identified as major determinants of canopy spider communities may aid in decision-making processes toward establishing cash-crop plantation management systems which foster herbivore control by spiders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ramos
- Department of Animal Ecology, J.-F. Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tamara R. Hartke
- Department of Animal Ecology, J.-F. Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Damayanti Buchori
- Center for Transdisciplinary and Sustainability Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia,Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University Bogor, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Nadine Dupérré
- Center for Taxonomy and Morphology, Zoological Museum Hamburg, Leibnitz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Purnama Hidayat
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University Bogor, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Mayanda Lia
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University Bogor, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Danilo Harms
- Center for Taxonomy and Morphology, Zoological Museum Hamburg, Leibnitz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- Department of Animal Ecology, J.-F. Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle, Göttingen, Germany,Center for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Drescher
- Department of Animal Ecology, J.-F. Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle, Göttingen, Germany
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17
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Nine actions to successfully restore tropical agroecosystems. Trends Ecol Evol 2022; 37:963-975. [PMID: 35961912 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Well-designed approaches to ecological restoration can benefit nature and society. This is particularly the case in tropical agroecosystems, where restoration can provide substantial socioecological benefits at relatively low costs. To successfully restore tropical agroecosystems and maximise benefits, initiatives must begin by considering 'who' should be involved in and benefit from restoration, and 'what', 'where', and 'how' restoration should occur. Based on collective experience of restoring tropical agroecosystems worldwide, we present nine actions to guide future restoration of these systems, supported by case studies that demonstrate our actions being used successfully in practice and highlighting cases where poorly designed restoration has been damaging. We call for increased restoration activity in tropical agroecosystems during the current UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration.
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Tree height effects on vascular anatomy of upper-canopy twigs across a wide range of tropical rainforest species. JOURNAL OF TROPICAL ECOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266467422000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Vessel diameter variation along the hydraulic pathway determines how much water can be moved against the force of gravity from roots to leaves. While it is well-documented that tree size scales with vessel diameter variation at the stem base due to the effect of basipetal vessel widening, much less is known whether this likewise applies to terminal sun-exposed twigs. To analyze the effect of tree height on twig xylem anatomy, we compiled data for 279 tropical rainforest tree species belonging to 56 families in the lowlands of Jambi Province, Indonesia. Terminal upper-canopy twigs of fully grown individuals were collected and used for wood anatomical analysis.
We show that hydraulically weighted vessel diameter (Dh) and potential hydraulic conductivity (Kp) of upper canopy twigs increase with tree height across species although the relationship was weak. When averaged across given tree height classes irrespectively of species identity, however, a strong dependency of tree height on Dh and Kp was observed, but not on the lumen-to-sapwood area ratio (Al:Ax) or vessel density (VD).
According to the comparison between actual tree height and the maximum tree height reported for a given species in the stand, we show that the vascular xylem anatomy of their terminal twigs reflects their canopy position and thus ecological niche (understory versus overstory) at maturity. We conclude that the capacity to move large quantities of water during the diurnal peak in evaporative demand is a prerequisite for growing tall in a humid tropical environment.
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19
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Alcock TD, Salt DE, Wilson P, Ramsden SJ. More sustainable vegetable oil: Balancing productivity with carbon storage opportunities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 829:154539. [PMID: 35302036 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Intensive cultivation and post-harvest vegetable oil production stages are major sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Variation between production systems and reporting disparity have resulted in discordance in previous emissions estimates. The aim of this study was to assess global systems-wide variation in GHG emissions resulting from palm, soybean, rapeseed and sunflower oil production. Such an analysis is critical to understand the implications of meeting increasing edible oil demand. To achieve this, we performed a unified re-analysis of life cycle input data from diverse palm, soybean, rapeseed, and sunflower oil production systems, from a saturating search of published literature. The resulting dataset reflects almost 6000 producers in 38 countries, and is representative of over 71% of global vegetable oil production. Across all oil crop systems, median GHG emissions were 3.81 kg CO2e per kg refined oil. Crop specific median emissions ranged from 2.49 kg CO2e for rapeseed oil to 4.25 kg CO2e for soybean oil per kg refined oil. Determination of the carbon cost of agricultural land occupation revealed that carbon storage potential in native compared to agricultural land cover drives variation in production GHG emissions, and indicates that expansion of production in low carbon storage potential land, whilst reforesting areas of high carbon storage potential, could reduce net GHG emissions whilst boosting productivity. Nevertheless, there remains considerable scope to improve sustainability within current production systems, including through increasing yields whilst limiting application of inputs with high carbon footprints, and in the case of palm oil through more widespread adoption of methane capture technologies in processing stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Alcock
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK; Crop Physiology, School of Life Sciences - Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - David E Salt
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK; School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Paul Wilson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Stephen J Ramsden
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
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20
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Schlund M, Wenzel A, Camarretta N, Stiegler C, Erasmi S. Vegetation canopy height estimation in dynamic tropical landscapes with TanDEM‐X supported by GEDI data. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schlund
- Department of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geo‐information Science and Earth Observation (ITC) University of Twente Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Arne Wenzel
- Functional Agrobiodiversity University of Göttingen Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan Erasmi
- Thünen‐Institute of Farm Economics Braunschweig Germany
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21
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Krashevska V, Stiegler C, June T, Widyastuti R, Knohl A, Scheu S, Potapov A. Land‐use change shifts and magnifies seasonal variations of the decomposer system in lowland tropical landscapes. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9020. [PMID: 35784088 PMCID: PMC9205671 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Deforestation and agricultural expansion in the tropics affect local and regional climatic conditions, leading to synergistic negative impacts on land ecosystems. Climatic changes manifest in increased inter‐ and intraseasonal variations and frequency of extreme climatic events (i.e., droughts and floods), which have evident consequences for aboveground biodiversity. However, until today, there have been no studies on how land use affects seasonal variations below ground in tropical ecosystems, which may be more buffered against climatic variation. Here, we analyzed seasonal variations in soil parameters, basal respiration, microbial communities, and abundances of soil invertebrates along with microclimatic conditions in rainforest and monocultures of oil palm and rubber in Sumatra, Indonesia. About 75% (20 out of 26) of the measured litter and soil, microbial, and animal parameters varied with season, with seasonal changes in 50% of the parameters depending on land use. Land use affected seasonal variations in microbial indicators associated with carbon availability and cycling rate. The magnitude of seasonal variations in microbial parameters in the soil of monocultures was almost 40% higher than in the soil of rainforest. Measured parameters were associated with short‐term climatic conditions (3‐day period air humidity) in plantations, but not in rainforest, confirming a reduced soil buffering ability in plantations. Overall, our findings suggest that land use temporally shifts and increases the magnitude of seasonal variations of the belowground ecosystem compartment, with microbial communities responding most strongly. The increased seasonal variations in soil biota in plantations likely translate into more pronounced fluctuations in essential ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration, and these ramifications ultimately may compromise the stability of tropical ecosystems in the long term. As the observed seasonal dynamics is likely to increase with both local and global climate change, these shifts need closer attention for the long‐term sustainable management of plantation systems in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentyna Krashevska
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | | | - Tania June
- Department of Geophysics and Meteorology Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) Bogor Indonesia
| | - Rahayu Widyastuti
- Department of Soil Sciences and Land Resources Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) Bogor Indonesia
| | - Alexander Knohl
- Bioclimatology University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Anton Potapov
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Göttingen Germany
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22
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Kotowska MM, Samhita S, Hertel D, Triadiati T, Beyer F, Allen K, Link RM, Leuschner C. Consequences of tropical rainforest conversion to tree plantations on fine root dynamics and functional traits. OIKOS 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.08898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martyna M. Kotowska
- Dept of Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht‐von‐Haller Inst. for Plant Sciences, Univ. of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Sasya Samhita
- Dept of Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht‐von‐Haller Inst. for Plant Sciences, Univ. of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Dietrich Hertel
- Dept of Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht‐von‐Haller Inst. for Plant Sciences, Univ. of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
| | - Triadiati Triadiati
- Dept of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB Univ. Bogor Indonesia
| | - Friderike Beyer
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Univ. of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Kara Allen
- Manaaki Whenua‐Landcare Research Lincoln New Zealand
| | - Roman M. Link
- Chair of Ecophysiology and Vegetation Ecology, Julius von Sachs Inst. of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Dept of Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, Albrecht‐von‐Haller Inst. for Plant Sciences, Univ. of Goettingen Göttingen Germany
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Pashkevich MD, Luke SH, Aryawan AAK, Waters HS, Caliman J, Dupérré N, Naim M, Potapov AM, Turner EC. Riparian buffers made of mature oil palms have inconsistent impacts on oil palm ecosystems. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2552. [PMID: 35112418 PMCID: PMC9286838 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Expansion of oil palm has caused widespread declines in biodiversity and changes in ecosystem functioning across the tropics. A major driver of these changes is loss of habitat heterogeneity as forests are converted into oil palm plantations. Therefore, one strategy to help support biodiversity and functioning in oil palm is to increase habitat heterogeneity, for instance, by retaining forested buffers around rivers when new plantations are established, or maintaining buffers made of mature oil palms ("mature palm buffers") when old plantations are replanted. While forested buffers are known to benefit oil palm systems, the impacts of mature palm buffers are less certain. In this study, we assessed the benefits of mature palm buffers, which were being passively restored (in this case, meaning that buffers were treated with no herbicides, pesticides, or fertilizers) by sampling environmental conditions and arthropods within buffers and in surrounding non-buffer areas (i.e., areas that were 25 and 125 m from buffers, and receiving normal business-as-usual management) across an 8-year chronosequence in industrial oil palm plantations (Sumatra, Indonesia). We ask (1) Do environmental conditions and biodiversity differ between buffer and non-buffer areas? (2) Do buffers affect environmental conditions and biodiversity in adjacent non-buffer areas (i.e., areas that were 25 m from buffers)? (3) Do buffers become more environmentally complex and biodiverse over time? We found that buffers can have environmental conditions (canopy openness, variation in openness, vegetation height, ground cover, and soil temperature) and levels of arthropod biodiversity (total arthropod abundance and spider abundance in the understory and spider species-level community composition in all microhabitats) that are different from those in non-buffer areas, but that these differences are inconsistent across the oil palm commercial life cycle. We also found that buffers might contribute to small increases in vegetation height and changes in ground cover in adjacent non-buffer areas, but do not increase levels of arthropod biodiversity in these areas. Finally, we found that canopy openness, variation in openness, and ground cover, but no aspects of arthropod biodiversity, change within buffers over time. Collectively, our findings indicate that mature palm buffers that are being passively restored can have greater environmental complexity and higher levels of arthropod biodiversity than non-buffer areas, particularly in comparison to recently replanted oil palm, but these benefits are not consistent across the crop commercial life cycle. If the goal of maintaining riparian buffers is to consistently increase habitat heterogeneity and improve biodiversity, an alternative to mature palm buffers or a move toward more active restoration of these areas is, therefore, probably required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah H. Luke
- Insect Ecology Group, Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Helen S. Waters
- Insect Ecology Group, Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Jean‐Pierre Caliman
- Sinar Mas Agro Resources and Technology Research Institute (SMARTRI)PekanbaruIndonesia
| | | | - Mohammad Naim
- Sinar Mas Agro Resources and Technology Research Institute (SMARTRI)PekanbaruIndonesia
| | - Anton M. Potapov
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GoettingenGoettingenGermany
| | - Edgar C. Turner
- Insect Ecology Group, Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Tropical wetlands and land use changes: The case of oil palm in neotropical riverine floodplains. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266677. [PMID: 35550633 PMCID: PMC9098095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil palm plantations are expanding in Latin America due to the global demand for food and biofuels, and much of this expansion has occurred at expense of important tropical ecosystems. Nevertheless, there is limited knowledge about effects on aquatic ecosystems near to oil palm-dominated landscapes. In this study, we used Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 8 OLI imagery and high-resolution images in Google Earth to map the current extent of oil palm plantations and determined prior land use land cover (LULC) in the Usumacinta River Basin as a case-study site. In addition, we assess the proximity of the crop with aquatic ecosystems distributed in the Usumacinta floodplains and their potential effects. Based on our findings, the most significant change was characterized by the expansion of oil palm crop areas mainly at expenses of regional rainforest and previously intervened lands (e.g. secondary vegetation and agriculture). Although aquatic ecosystem class (e.g. rivers, lagoons and channels) decreased in surface around 3% during the study period (2001–2017), the change was not due to the expansion of oil palm lands. However, we find that more than 50% of oil palm cultivations are near (between 500 and 3000 m) to aquatic ecosystems and this could have significant environmental impacts on sediment and water quality. Oil palm crops tend to spatially concentrate in the Upper Usumacinta ecoregion (Guatemala), which is recognized as an area of important fish endemism. We argue that the basic information generated in this study is essential to have better land use decision-making in a region that is relative newcomer to oil palm boom.
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Carneiro de Melo Moura C, Setyaningsih CA, Li K, Merk MS, Schulze S, Raffiudin R, Grass I, Behling H, Tscharntke T, Westphal C, Gailing O. Biomonitoring via DNA metabarcoding and light microscopy of bee pollen in rainforest transformation landscapes of Sumatra. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:51. [PMID: 35473550 PMCID: PMC9040256 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intense conversion of tropical forests into agricultural systems contributes to habitat loss and the decline of ecosystem functions. Plant-pollinator interactions buffer the process of forest fragmentation, ensuring gene flow across isolated patches of forests by pollen transfer. In this study, we identified the composition of pollen grains stored in pot-pollen of stingless bees, Tetragonula laeviceps, via dual-locus DNA metabarcoding (ITS2 and rbcL) and light microscopy, and compared the taxonomic coverage of pollen sampled in distinct land-use systems categorized in four levels of management intensity (forest, shrub, rubber, and oil palm) for landscape characterization. RESULTS Plant composition differed significantly between DNA metabarcoding and light microscopy. The overlap in the plant families identified via light microscopy and DNA metabarcoding techniques was low and ranged from 22.6 to 27.8%. Taxonomic assignments showed a dominance of pollen from bee-pollinated plants, including oil-bearing crops such as the introduced species Elaeis guineensis (Arecaceae) as one of the predominant taxa in the pollen samples across all four land-use types. Native plant families Moraceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Cannabaceae appeared in high proportion in the analyzed pollen material. One-way ANOVA (p > 0.05), PERMANOVA (R² values range from 0.14003 to 0.17684, for all tests p-value > 0.5), and NMDS (stress values ranging from 0.1515 to 0.1859) indicated a lack of differentiation between the species composition and diversity of pollen type in the four distinct land-use types, supporting the influx of pollen from adjacent areas. CONCLUSIONS Stingless bees collected pollen from a variety of agricultural crops, weeds, and wild plants. Plant composition detected at the family level from the pollen samples likely reflects the plant composition at the landscape level rather than the plot level. In our study, the plant diversity in pollen from colonies installed in land-use systems with distinct levels of forest transformation was highly homogeneous, reflecting a large influx of pollen transported by stingless bees through distinct land-use types. Dual-locus approach applied in metabarcoding studies and visual pollen identification showed great differences in the detection of the plant community, therefore a combination of both methods is recommended for performing biodiversity assessments via pollen identification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina A Setyaningsih
- Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kevin Li
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Miryam Sarah Merk
- Statistics and Econometrics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sonja Schulze
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rika Raffiudin
- Department of Biology, IPB University ID, Bogor, West Java, 16880, Indonesia
| | - Ingo Grass
- Department of Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hermann Behling
- Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Catrin Westphal
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Gailing
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany. .,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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Zhou Z, Krashevska V, Widyastuti R, Scheu S, Potapov A. Tropical land use alters functional diversity of soil food webs and leads to monopolization of the detrital energy channel. eLife 2022; 11:75428. [PMID: 35357306 PMCID: PMC9033302 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural expansion is among the main threats to biodiversity and functions of tropical ecosystems. It has been shown that conversion of rainforest into plantations erodes biodiversity, but further consequences for food-web structure and energetics of belowground communities remains little explored. We used a unique combination of stable isotope analysis and food-web energetics to analyze in a comprehensive way consequences of the conversion of rainforest into oil palm and rubber plantations on the structure of and channeling of energy through soil animal food webs in Sumatra, Indonesia. Across the animal groups studied, most of the taxa had lower litter-calibrated Δ13C values in plantations than in rainforests, suggesting that they switched to freshly-fixed plant carbon ('fast' energy channeling) in plantations from the detrital C pathway ('slow' energy channeling) in rainforests. These shifts led to changes in isotopic divergence, dispersion, evenness, and uniqueness. However, earthworms as major detritivores stayed unchanged in their trophic niche and monopolized the detrital pathway in plantations, resulting in similar energetic metrics across land-use systems. Functional diversity metrics of soil food webs were associated with reduced amount of litter, tree density, and species richness in plantations, providing guidelines on how to improve the complexity of the structure of and channeling of energy through soil food webs. Our results highlight the strong restructuring of soil food webs with the conversion of rainforest into plantations threatening soil functioning and ecosystem stability in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhou
- JF Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Valentyna Krashevska
- JF Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rahayu Widyastuti
- Department of Soil Sciences and Land Resources, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Stefan Scheu
- JF Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anton Potapov
- JF Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Implementing a New Rubber Plant Functional Type in the Community Land Model (CLM5) Improves Accuracy of Carbon and Water Flux Estimation. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Rubber plantations are an economically viable land-use type that occupies large swathes of land in Southeast Asia that have undergone conversion from native forest to intensive plantation forestry. Such land-use change has a strong impact on carbon, energy, and water fluxes in ecosystems, and uncertainties exist in the modeling of future land-use change impacts on these fluxes due to the scarcity of measured data and poor representation of key biogeochemical processes. In this current modeling effort, we utilized the Community Land Model Version 5 (CLM5) to simulate a rubber plant functional type (PFT) by comparing the baseline parameter values of tropical evergreen PFT and tropical deciduous PFT with a newly developed rubber PFT (focused on the parameterization and modification of phenology and allocation processes) based on site-level observations of a rubber clone in Indonesia. We found that the baseline tropical evergreen and baseline tropical deciduous functions and parameterizations in CLM5 poorly simulate the leaf area index, carbon dynamics, and water fluxes of rubber plantations. The newly developed rubber PFT and parametrizations (CLM-rubber) showed that daylength could be used as a universal trigger for defoliation and refoliation of rubber plantations. CLM-rubber was able to predict seasonal patterns of latex yield reasonably well, despite highly variable tapping periods across Southeast Asia. Further, model comparisons indicated that CLM-rubber can simulate carbon and energy fluxes similar to the existing rubber model simulations available in the literature. Our modeling results indicate that CLM-rubber can be applied in Southeast Asia to examine variations in carbon and water fluxes for rubber plantations and assess how rubber-related land-use changes in the tropics feedback to climate through carbon and water cycling.
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Using Airborne Laser Scanning to Characterize Land-Use Systems in a Tropical Landscape Based on Vegetation Structural Metrics. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13234794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Many Indonesian forests have been cleared and replaced by fast-growing cash crops (e.g., oil palm and rubber plantations), altering the vegetation structure of entire regions. Complex vegetation structure provides habitat niches to a large number of native species. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) can provide detailed three-dimensional information on vegetation structure. Here, we investigate the potential of ALS metrics to highlight differences across a gradient of land-use management intensities in Sumatra, Indonesia. We focused on tropical rainforests, jungle rubber, rubber plantations, oil palm plantations and transitional lands. Twenty-two ALS metrics were extracted from 183 plots. Analysis included a principal component analysis (PCA), analysis of variance (ANOVAs) and random forest (RF) characterization of the land use/land cover (LULC). Results from the PCA indicated that a greater number of canopy gaps are associated with oil palm plantations, while a taller stand height and higher vegetation structural metrics were linked with rainforest and jungle rubber. A clear separation in metrics performance between forest (including rainforest and jungle rubber) and oil palm was evident from the metrics pairwise comparison, with rubber plantations and transitional land behaving similar to forests (rainforest and jungle rubber) and oil palm plantations, according to different metrics. Lastly, two RF models were carried out: one using all five land uses (5LU), and one using four, merging jungle rubber with rainforest (4LU). The 5LU model resulted in a lower overall accuracy (51.1%) due to mismatches between jungle rubber and forest, while the 4LU model resulted in a higher accuracy (72.2%). Our results show the potential of ALS metrics to characterize different LULCs, which can be used to track changes in land use and their effect on ecosystem functioning, biodiversity and climate.
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Kreider JJ, Chen T, Hartke TR, Buchori D, Hidayat P, Nazarreta R, Scheu S, Drescher J. Rainforest conversion to monocultures favors generalist ants with large colonies. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan J. Kreider
- Animal Ecology J.‐F.‐Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 Göttingen 37073 Germany
| | - Ting‐Wen Chen
- Institute of Soil Biology Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Na Sádkách 7 Ceske Budejovice 37005 Czech Republic
| | - Tamara R. Hartke
- Animal Ecology J.‐F.‐Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 Göttingen 37073 Germany
| | - Damayanti Buchori
- Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture IPB University Jl. Kamper, Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor 16680 Indonesia
- Center for Transdisciplinary and Sustainability Sciences IPB University Jl. Raya Pajajartan Bogor 16153 Indonesia
| | - Purnama Hidayat
- Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture IPB University Jl. Kamper, Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor 16680 Indonesia
| | - Rizky Nazarreta
- Department of Plant Protection Faculty of Agriculture IPB University Jl. Kamper, Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor 16680 Indonesia
| | - Stefan Scheu
- Animal Ecology J.‐F.‐Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 Göttingen 37073 Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use Büsgenweg 1 Göttingen 37077 Germany
| | - Jochen Drescher
- Animal Ecology J.‐F.‐Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology University of Göttingen Untere Karspüle 2 Göttingen 37073 Germany
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30
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Scattered trees in an oil palm landscape: Density, size and distribution. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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31
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Susanti WI, Bartels T, Krashevska V, Widyastuti R, Deharveng L, Scheu S, Potapov A. Conversion of rainforest into oil palm and rubber plantations affects the functional composition of litter and soil Collembola. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:10686-10708. [PMID: 34367606 PMCID: PMC8328430 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rainforest conversion and expansion of plantations in tropical regions are associated with changes in animal communities and biodiversity decline. In soil, Collembola are one of the most numerous invertebrate groups that affect the functioning of microbial communities and support arthropod predators. Despite that, information on the impact of changes in land use in the tropics on species and trait composition of Collembola communities is very limited. We investigated the response of Collembola to the conversion of rainforest into rubber agroforestry ("jungle rubber"), rubber, and oil palm plantations in Jambi Province (Sumatra, Indonesia), a region which experienced one of the strongest recent deforestation globally. Collembola were sampled in 2013 and 2016 from the litter and soil layer using heat extraction, and environmental factors were measured (litter C/N ratio, pH, water content, composition of microbial community and predator abundance). In the litter layer, density and species richness in plantation systems were 25%-38% and 30%-40% lower, respectively, than in rainforest. However, in the soil layer, density, species richness, and trait diversity of Collembola were only slightly affected by land-use change, contrasting the response of many other animal groups. Species and trait composition of Collembola communities in litter and soil differed between each of the land-use systems. Water content and pH were identified as main factors related to the differences in species and trait composition in both litter and soil, followed by the density of micro- and macropredators. Dominant species of Collembola in rainforest and jungle rubber were characterized by small body size, absence of furca, and absence of intense pigmentation, while in plantations, larger species with long furca and diffuse or patterned pigmentation were more abundant. Overall, land-use change negatively affected Collembola communities in the litter layer, but its impact was lower in the soil layer. Several pantropical genera of Collembola (i.e., Isotomiella, Pseudosinella, and Folsomides) dominated across land-use systems, reflecting their high environmental adaptability and/or efficient dispersal, calling for studies on their ecology and genetic diversity. The decline in species richness and density of litter-dwelling Collembola with the conversion of rainforest into plantation systems calls for management practices mitigating negative effects of the deterioration of the litter layer in rubber plantations, but even more in oil palm plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winda Ika Susanti
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGoettingenGermany
- Department of Soil Sciences and Land ResourcesInstitut Pertanian Bogor (IPB)BogorIndonesia
| | - Tamara Bartels
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGoettingenGermany
| | - Valentyna Krashevska
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGoettingenGermany
| | - Rahayu Widyastuti
- Department of Soil Sciences and Land ResourcesInstitut Pertanian Bogor (IPB)BogorIndonesia
| | - Louis Deharveng
- UMR7205CNRSMuséum national d'Histoire naturelleInstitut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB)Sorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Stefan Scheu
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGoettingenGermany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land UseGöttingenGermany
| | - Anton Potapov
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and AnthropologyUniversity of GöttingenGoettingenGermany
- Russian Academy of SciencesA.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and EvolutionMoscowRussia
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32
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Spatiotemporal Changes of Land Ecological Security and Its Obstacle Indicators Diagnosis in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region. LAND 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/land10070706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Land ecological security (LES) is a cornerstone of sustainable development, and the study of the LES evaluation has become a hot field in the LES problems. The coordinated development of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region is one of China’s national development strategies. With the development of urbanization and industrialization, the conflicts between people and land in this area are increasingly prominent, and there are large regional differences in land ecological quality. To evaluate the land ecological security (LES) of this region, an evaluation index system is constructed based on the pressure–state–response (PSR) framework model, and the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method is applied to calculate the LES index. Then, the spatio-temporal changes of LES in the BTH region from 2007 to 2018 are analyzed. In addition, we adopt an obstacle degree model to analyze the obstacle indicators. The results show that the LES of the BTH region increased from 0.1934 to 0.3284 during 2007–2018, and the LES level increased from the dangerous level (I) to the critical level (III). Despite the improved LES in all areas in the BTH region, there were different trends (high in the central area, relatively low in the northern and southern areas). We identified seven obstacle indicators and discussed different development strategies. Our findings will provide guidelines for land use management and offer references for the coordinated development of the BTH region.
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33
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Krause A, Sandmann D, Potapov A, Ermilov S, Widyastuti R, Haneda NF, Scheu S, Maraun M. Variation in Community-Level Trophic Niches of Soil Microarthropods With Conversion of Tropical Rainforest Into Plantation Systems as Indicated by Stable Isotopes (15N, 13C). Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.592149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Land-use change is threatening biodiversity worldwide and is predicted to increase in the next decades, especially in tropical regions. Most studies focused on the response of single or few species to land-use change, only few investigated the response of entire communities. In particular the response of belowground communities to changes in land use received little attention. Oribatid mites (Oribatida, Acari) are among the most abundant soil animals, involved in decomposition processes and nutrient cycling. Oribatid mite species span a wide range of trophic niches and are known to sensitively respond to changes in land use. Here, we investigated shifts in the community-level trophic niche of oribatid mites with the conversion of rainforest into rubber and oil palm plantations. Due to a wider range of resources in more natural ecosystems, we expected the community-level trophic niche to shrink with conversion of rainforest into plantations. As the conversion of rainforest into plantations is associated with reduced availability of litter resources, we expected the average trophic level (indicated by the 15N/14N ratio) to be higher and basal resources (indicated by the 13C/12C ratio) to shift toward living plant material in rubber and oil palm plantations. Our analysis showed that community-level trophic niches in rainforest and rubber agroforest (“jungle rubber”) were separated from those in monoculture plantation systems, indicating a trophic niche shift with land-use intensification. As hypothesized, oribatid mites shifted their diet toward predation and/or scavenging and toward the plant-based energy channel with transformation of rainforest into plantations. Exceptionally low minimum 13C/12C ratios in rubber plantations suggest that certain oribatid mite species in this land-use system use resources not available in the other studied ecosystems. We detected high isotopic uniqueness in oil palm plantations suggesting a low trophic redundancy and thus high vulnerability of trophic functioning in this system in comparison to rainforest. Overall, the results suggest that the conversion of rainforest into plantations is associated with pronounced shifts in community-level trophic niches of mesofauna detritivores with potential major consequences for the functioning of the decomposer system.
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34
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Potapov A, Schaefer I, Jochum M, Widyastuti R, Eisenhauer N, Scheu S. Oil palm and rubber expansion facilitates earthworm invasion in Indonesia. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02539-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDeforestation, plantation expansion and other human activities in tropical ecosystems are often associated with biological invasions. These processes have been studied for above-ground organisms, but associated changes below the ground have received little attention. We surveyed rainforest and plantation systems in Jambi province, Sumatra, Indonesia, to investigate effects of land-use change on the diversity and abundance of earthworms—a major group of soil-ecosystem engineers that often is associated with human activities. Density and biomass of earthworms increased 4—30-fold in oil palm and rubber monoculture plantations compared to rainforest. Despite much higher abundance, earthworm communities in plantations were less diverse and dominated by the peregrine morphospecies Pontoscolex corethrurus, often recorded as invasive. Considering the high deforestation rate in Indonesia, invasive earthworms are expected to dominate soil communities across the region in the near future, in lieu of native soil biodiversity. Ecologically-friendly management approaches, increasing structural habitat complexity and plant diversity, may foster beneficial effects of invasive earthworms on plant growth while mitigating negative effects on below-ground biodiversity and the functioning of the native soil animal community.
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35
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Jones RT, Tusting LS, Smith HMP, Segbaya S, Macdonald MB, Bangs MJ, Logan JG. The Role of the Private Sector in Supporting Malaria Control in Resource Development Settings. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:S701-S708. [PMID: 33119094 PMCID: PMC7594257 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial operations of the private sector, such as extraction, agriculture, and construction, can bring large numbers of people into new settlement areas and cause environmental change that promotes the transmission of vector-borne diseases. Industry-related workers and communities unduly exposed to infection risk typically lack the knowledge and means to protect themselves. However, there is a strong business rationale for protecting local resident employees through integrated vector control programs, as well as an ethical responsibility to care for these individuals and the affected communities. We discuss the role and challenges of the private sector in developing malaria control programs, which can include extensive collaborations with the public sector that go on to form the basis of national vector control programs or more broadly support local healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Jones
- Arthropod Control Product Test Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy S Tusting
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh M P Smith
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Michael J Bangs
- lnternational SOS, Ltd., Timika, Papua Province, Indonesia.,International SOS, Ltd., Kolwesi, Lualaba Province, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - James G Logan
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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36
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Susanti WI, Widyastuti R, Scheu S, Potapov A. Trophic niche differentiation and utilisation of food resources in Collembola is altered by rainforest conversion to plantation systems. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10971. [PMID: 33717699 PMCID: PMC7934680 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensively managed monoculture plantations are increasingly replacing natural forests across the tropics resulting in changes in ecological niches of species and communities, and in ecosystem functioning. Collembola are among the most abundant arthropods inhabiting the belowground system sensitively responding to changes in vegetation and soil conditions. However, most studies on the response of Collembola to land-use change were conducted in temperate ecosystems and focused on shifts in community composition or morphological traits, while parameters more closely linked to ecosystem functioning, such as trophic niches, received little attention. Here, we used stable isotope analysis (13C and 15N) to investigate changes in the trophic structure and use of food resources by Collembola in Jambi province (Sumatra, Indonesia), a region that experienced strong deforestation in the last decades. Isotopic values of Collembola from 32 sites representing four land-use systems were analyzed (rainforest, rubber agroforest, rubber (Hevea brasiliansis) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) monoculture plantations). Across Collembola species Δ13C values were highest in rainforest suggesting more pronounced processing of litter resources by microorganisms and consumption of these microorganisms by Collembola in this system. Lower Δ13C values, but high Δ13C variation in Collembola in oil palm plantations indicated that Collembola shifted towards herbivory and used more variable resources in this system. Small range in Δ15N values in Collembola species in monoculture plantations in comparison to rainforest indicated that conversion of rainforest into plantations is associated with simplification in the trophic structure of Collembola communities. This was further confirmed by generally lower isotopic niche differentiation among species in plantations. Across the studied ecosystems, atmobiotic species (Symphypleona and Paronellidae) occupied the lowest, whereas euedaphic Collembola species occupied the highest trophic position, resembling patterns in temperate forests. Some species of Paronellidae in rainforest and jungle rubber had Δ15N values below those of leaf litter suggesting algivory (Salina sp.1, Callyntrura sp.1 and Lepidonella sp.1), while a dominant species, Pseudosinella sp.1, had the highest Δ15N values in most of the land-use systems suggesting that this species at least in part lives as predator or scavenger. Overall, the results suggest that rainforest conversion into plantation systems is associated with marked shifts in the structure of trophic niches in soil and litter Collembola with potential consequences for ecosystem functioning and food-web stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winda Ika Susanti
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Institute of Agriculture, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Rahayu Widyastuti
- Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Bogor Institute of Agriculture, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Stefan Scheu
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Center of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anton Potapov
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Rusia
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37
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Junggebauer A, Hartke TR, Ramos D, Schaefer I, Buchori D, Hidayat P, Scheu S, Drescher J. Changes in diversity and community assembly of jumping spiders (Araneae: Salticidae) after rainforest conversion to rubber and oil palm plantations. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11012. [PMID: 33717710 PMCID: PMC7937343 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rainforest conversion into monoculture plantations results in species loss and community shifts across animal taxa. The effect of such conversion on the role of ecophysiological properties influencing communities, and conversion effects on phylogenetic diversity and community assembly mechanisms, however, are rarely studied in the same context. Here, we compare salticid spider (Araneae: Salticidae) communities between canopies of lowland rainforest, rubber agroforest (“jungle rubber”) and monoculture plantations of rubber or oil palm, sampled in a replicated plot design in Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Overall, we collected 912 salticid spider individuals and sorted them to 70 morphospecies from 21 genera. Salticid richness was highest in jungle rubber, followed by rainforest, oil palm and rubber, but abundance of salticids did not differ between land-use systems. Community composition was similar in jungle rubber and rainforest but different from oil palm and rubber, which in turn were different from each other. The four investigated land-use systems differed in aboveground plant biomass, canopy openness and land use intensity, which explained 12% of the observed variation in canopy salticid communities. Phylogenetic diversity based on ~850 bp 28S rDNA fragments showed similar patterns as richness, that is, highest in jungle rubber, intermediate in rainforest, and lowest in the two monoculture plantations. Additionally, we found evidence for phylogenetic clustering of salticids in oil palm, suggesting that habitat filtering is an important factor shaping salticid spider communities in monoculture plantations. Overall, our study offers a comprehensive insight into the mechanisms shaping communities of arthropod top predators in canopies of tropical forest ecosystems and plantations, combining community ecology, environmental variables and phylogenetics across a land-use gradient in tropical Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Junggebauer
- Department of Animal Ecology, J-F. Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tamara R Hartke
- Department of Animal Ecology, J-F. Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Ramos
- Department of Animal Ecology, J-F. Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ina Schaefer
- Department of Animal Ecology, J-F. Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Damayanti Buchori
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Center for Transdisciplinary and Sustainability Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Purnama Hidayat
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Stefan Scheu
- Department of Animal Ecology, J-F. Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Drescher
- Department of Animal Ecology, J-F. Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Pashkevich MD, Aryawan AAK, Luke SH, Dupérré N, Waters HS, Caliman J, Naim M, Turner EC. Assessing the effects of oil palm replanting on arthropod biodiversity. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah H. Luke
- Insect Ecology Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Nadine Dupérré
- Zoologisches Museum University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | - Helen S. Waters
- Insect Ecology Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- School of Geosciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Jean‐Pierre Caliman
- Sinar Mas Agro Resources and Technology Research Institute (SMARTRI) Pekanbaru Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Naim
- Sinar Mas Agro Resources and Technology Research Institute (SMARTRI) Pekanbaru Indonesia
| | - Edgar C. Turner
- Insect Ecology Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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Predicting Tree Sap Flux and Stomatal Conductance from Drone-Recorded Surface Temperatures in a Mixed Agroforestry System—A Machine Learning Approach. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12244070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant transpiration is a key element in the hydrological cycle. Widely used methods for its assessment comprise sap flux techniques for whole-plant transpiration and porometry for leaf stomatal conductance. Recently emerging approaches based on surface temperatures and a wide range of machine learning techniques offer new possibilities to quantify transpiration. The focus of this study was to predict sap flux and leaf stomatal conductance based on drone-recorded and meteorological data and compare these predictions with in-situ measured transpiration. To build the prediction models, we applied classical statistical approaches and machine learning algorithms. The field work was conducted in an oil palm agroforest in lowland Sumatra. Random forest predictions yielded the highest congruence with measured sap flux (r2 = 0.87 for trees and r2 = 0.58 for palms) and confidence intervals for intercept and slope of a Passing-Bablok regression suggest interchangeability of the methods. Differences in model performance are indicated when predicting different tree species. Predictions for stomatal conductance were less congruent for all prediction methods, likely due to spatial and temporal offsets of the measurements. Overall, the applied drone and modelling scheme predicts whole-plant transpiration with high accuracy. We conclude that there is large potential in machine learning approaches for ecological applications such as predicting transpiration.
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Berkelmann D, Schneider D, Hennings N, Meryandini A, Daniel R. Soil bacterial community structures in relation to different oil palm management practices. Sci Data 2020; 7:421. [PMID: 33257691 PMCID: PMC7705008 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00752-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide soil bacterial 16 S rRNA gene amplicon and geochemical data derived from an oil palm plantation management experiment. The experimental design covered two different intensities of fertilizer application and weeding practices. We sampled the topsoil of 80 plots in total and extracted DNA and RNA. 16 S rRNA gene-derived and transcript-derived amplicons were generated and sequenced to analyse community composition and beta-diversity. One year after establishing the experiment, statistically significant differences of bacterial diversity or community composition between different treatments at entire (DNA-derived) and active (RNA-derived) community level were not detected. The dominant taxa belonged to Acidobacteriota and Actinobacteriota and were more abundant in the active community compared to the entire community. Similarly, the abundant genera Candidatus Solibacter and Haliangium were more abundant at active community level. Furthermore, clustering corresponding to the different sampling site locations was detected. Beta-diversity did not change among the treatments at DNA and RNA level. This dataset is of interest for related studies on the effect of altered management practices on soilborne communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Berkelmann
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schneider
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nina Hennings
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Buesgen Institute, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Meryandini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences IPB, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Quintero-Gutiérrez EJ, Sandmann D, Cómbita-Heredia O, Klarner B, Widyastuti R, Scheu S. Review of the mite genus Krantzolaspina Datta & Bhattacharjee (Mesostigmata, Parholaspididae) with re-description of K. angustatus comb. nov. (Ishikawa) from Indonesia. Zookeys 2020; 997:47-68. [PMID: 33335440 PMCID: PMC7710693 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.997.54262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we update the diagnosis and description of the genus Krantzolaspina Datta & Bhattacharjee and provide a list of the three valid species including new combinations and synonyms, as follows: 1) Krantzolaspinaangustatus (Ishikawa, 1987) comb. nov. (= IndutolaelapsjiroftensisHajizadeh et al., 2017syn. nov.), 2) K.rebatii Datta & Bhattacharjee, 1989 and 3) K.solimani (Metwali, 1983) comb. nov. Finally, we re-describe K.angustatus (Ishikawa, 1987) comb. nov. based on the holotype from Japan, voucher specimens from Iran and additional females that we found in soil samples from oil palm plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia.
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Legacy Effects Overshadow Tree Diversity Effects on Soil Fungal Communities in Oil Palm-Enrichment Plantations. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101577. [PMID: 33066264 PMCID: PMC7656304 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Financially profitable large-scale cultivation of oil palm monocultures in previously diverse tropical rain forest areas constitutes a major ecological crisis today. Not only is a large proportion of the aboveground diversity lost, but the belowground soil microbiome, which is important for the sustainability of soil function, is massively altered. Intermixing oil palms with native tree species promotes vegetation biodiversity and stand structural complexity in plantations, but the impact on soil fungi remains unknown. Here, we analyzed the diversity and community composition of soil fungi three years after tree diversity enrichment in an oil palm plantation in Sumatra (Indonesia). We tested the effects of tree diversity, stand structural complexity indices, and soil abiotic conditions on the diversity and community composition of soil fungi. We hypothesized that the enrichment experiment alters the taxonomic and functional community composition, promoting soil fungal diversity. Fungal community composition was affected by soil abiotic conditions (pH, N, and P), but not by tree diversity and stand structural complexity indices. These results suggest that intensive land use and abiotic filters are a legacy to fungal communities, overshadowing the structuring effects of the vegetation, at least in the initial years after enrichment plantings.
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43
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Sibhatu KT. Response: Commentary: Oil Palm Boom and Farm Household Diets in the Tropics. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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44
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Grass I, Kubitza C, Krishna VV, Corre MD, Mußhoff O, Pütz P, Drescher J, Rembold K, Ariyanti ES, Barnes AD, Brinkmann N, Brose U, Brümmer B, Buchori D, Daniel R, Darras KFA, Faust H, Fehrmann L, Hein J, Hennings N, Hidayat P, Hölscher D, Jochum M, Knohl A, Kotowska MM, Krashevska V, Kreft H, Leuschner C, Lobite NJS, Panjaitan R, Polle A, Potapov AM, Purnama E, Qaim M, Röll A, Scheu S, Schneider D, Tjoa A, Tscharntke T, Veldkamp E, Wollni M. Trade-offs between multifunctionality and profit in tropical smallholder landscapes. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1186. [PMID: 32132531 PMCID: PMC7055322 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Land-use transitions can enhance the livelihoods of smallholder farmers but potential economic-ecological trade-offs remain poorly understood. Here, we present an interdisciplinary study of the environmental, social and economic consequences of land-use transitions in a tropical smallholder landscape on Sumatra, Indonesia. We find widespread biodiversity-profit trade-offs resulting from land-use transitions from forest and agroforestry systems to rubber and oil palm monocultures, for 26,894 aboveground and belowground species and whole-ecosystem multidiversity. Despite variation between ecosystem functions, profit gains come at the expense of ecosystem multifunctionality, indicating far-reaching ecosystem deterioration. We identify landscape compositions that can mitigate trade-offs under optimal land-use allocation but also show that intensive monocultures always lead to higher profits. These findings suggest that, to reduce losses in biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, changes in economic incentive structures through well-designed policies are urgently needed. Identifying economic and ecological trade-offs of land-use transitions is important to ensure sustainability. Here, Grass et al. find biodiversity-profit trade-offs in tropical land-use transitions in Sumatra, and show that targeted landscape planning is needed to increase land-use efficiency while ensuring socio-ecological sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Grass
- Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 13, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany. .,Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Christoph Kubitza
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 5, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,German Institute of Global and Area Studies (GIGA), Neuer Jungfernstieg 21, 20354, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vijesh V Krishna
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Carretera México-Veracruz Km. 45, El Batán, Mexico
| | - Marife D Corre
- Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Mußhoff
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 5, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Pütz
- Chair of Statistics, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Göttingen, Humboldtallee 3, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jochen Drescher
- Department of Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Rembold
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Botanical Garden of the University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eka Sulpin Ariyanti
- Magister of Environmental of Science, University of Lampung, Lampung, 35145, Indonesia
| | - Andrew D Barnes
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - Nicole Brinkmann
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- EcoNetLab, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,EcoNetLab, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Str. 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Brümmer
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 5, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Damayanti Buchori
- Center for Transdisciplinary and Sustainability Sciences, IPB University, Bogor Agricultural University, Jalan Pajajaran, Bogor, 16128, Indonesia
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kevin F A Darras
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Faust
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Human Geography, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 5, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Fehrmann
- Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 5, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Hein
- Institute of Geography, Kiel University, Ludewig-Meyn-Str. 14, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nina Hennings
- Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Purnama Hidayat
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agriculture University, Jln. Kamper, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16880, Indonesia
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Malte Jochum
- Department of Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Experimental Interaction Ecology, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexander Knohl
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martyna M Kotowska
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Valentyna Krashevska
- Department of Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Leuschner
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Neil Jun S Lobite
- Animal Biology Division, Institute of Biological Science, University of the Philippines, Los Baños, 4031, Philippines
| | - Rawati Panjaitan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agriculture University, Jln. Kamper, Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16880, Indonesia
| | - Andrea Polle
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anton M Potapov
- Department of Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Edwine Purnama
- Forest Inventory and Remote Sensing, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 5, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matin Qaim
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 5, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Röll
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Department of Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schneider
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aiyen Tjoa
- Agriculture Faculty, Tadulako University, Jl. Soekarno Hatta km.09, Tondo, Palu, Indonesia
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, University of Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 6, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Edzo Veldkamp
- Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Meike Wollni
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Göttingen, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 5, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Meijide A, de la Rua C, Guillaume T, Röll A, Hassler E, Stiegler C, Tjoa A, June T, Corre MD, Veldkamp E, Knohl A. Measured greenhouse gas budgets challenge emission savings from palm-oil biodiesel. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1089. [PMID: 32107373 PMCID: PMC7046764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14852-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of palm-oil biofuels to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared with fossil fuels is increasingly questioned. So far, no measurement-based GHG budgets were available, and plantation age was ignored in Life Cycle Analyses (LCA). Here, we conduct LCA based on measured CO2, CH4 and N2O fluxes in young and mature Indonesian oil palm plantations. CO2 dominates the on-site GHG budgets. The young plantation is a carbon source (1012 ± 51 gC m−2 yr−1), the mature plantation a sink (−754 ± 38 gC m−2 yr−1). LCA considering the measured fluxes shows higher GHG emissions for palm-oil biodiesel than traditional LCA assuming carbon neutrality. Plantation rotation-cycle extension and earlier-yielding varieties potentially decrease GHG emissions. Due to the high emissions associated with forest conversion to oil palm, our results indicate that only biodiesel from second rotation-cycle plantations or plantations established on degraded land has the potential for pronounced GHG emission savings. Palm oil biofuels are touted as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Meijide and colleagues use greenhouse gas measurements to update life cycle assessments of oil palm growth scenarios and show that despite the promise, emission savings do not meet sustainability standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Meijide
- Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany. .,Department of Crop Sciences, Division Agronomy, University of Göttingen, Von Siebold Str. 8, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. .,Ecology, University of Granada, Avenida Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Cristina de la Rua
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Systems, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4a, 85748, Garching, München, Germany
| | - Thomas Guillaume
- Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Ecological Systems Laboratory (ECOS), Station 2, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Site Lausanne, Station 2, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Röll
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Evelyn Hassler
- Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Stiegler
- Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aiyen Tjoa
- Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Tadulako, Palu, Sulawesi, Indonesia
| | - Tania June
- IPB University, Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Marife D Corre
- Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Edzo Veldkamp
- Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Alexander Knohl
- Bioclimatology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Center of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
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46
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Edy N, Yelianti U, Irawan B, Polle A, Pena R. Differences in Root Nitrogen Uptake Between Tropical Lowland Rainforests and Oil Palm Plantations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:92. [PMID: 32161607 PMCID: PMC7053111 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of lowland tropical rainforests to intensely fertilized agricultural land-use systems such as oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantations leads to changes in nitrogen (N) cycling. Although soil microbial-driven N dynamics has been largely studied, the role of the plant as a major component in N uptake has rarely been considered. We address this gap by comparing the root N contents and uptake in lowland rainforests with that in oil palm plantations on Sumatra, Indonesia. To this aim, we applied 15N-labeled ammonium to intact soil, measured the 15N recovery in soil and roots, and calculated the root relative N uptake efficiency for 10 days after label application. We found that root N contents were by one third higher in the rainforest than oil palm plantations. However, 15N uptake efficiency was similar in the two systems. This finding suggests that lower N contents in oil palm roots were likely caused by plant internal utilization of the absorbed N (e.g., N export to fruit bunches) than by lower ability to take up N from the soil. 15N recovery in roots was primarily driven by the amount of root biomass, which was higher in oil palm plantation than rainforest. The oil palms unveiled a high capacity to acquire N, offering the possibility of enhancing sustainable plantation management by reducing N fertilizer application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Edy
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Agrotechnology, Tadulako University, Palu, Indonesia
| | - Upik Yelianti
- Department of Biology, University of Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Irawan
- Department of Forestry, University of Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rodica Pena
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
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47
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Airborne Tree Crown Detection for Predicting Spatial Heterogeneity of Canopy Transpiration in a Tropical Rainforest. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12040651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tropical rainforests comprise complex 3D structures and encompass heterogeneous site conditions; their transpiration contributes to climate regulation. The objectives of our study were to test the relationship between tree water use and crown metrics and to predict spatial variability of canopy transpiration across sites. In a lowland rainforest of Sumatra, we measured tree water use with sap flux techniques and simultaneously assessed crown metrics with drone-based photogrammetry. We observed a close linear relationship between individual tree water use and crown surface area (R2 = 0.76, n = 42 trees). Uncertainties in predicting stand-level canopy transpiration were much lower using tree crown metrics than the more conventionally used stem diameter. 3D canopy segmentation analyses in combination with the tree crown–water use relationship predict substantial spatial heterogeneity in canopy transpiration. Among our eight study plots, there was a more than two-fold difference, with lower transpiration at riparian than at upland sites. In conclusion, we regard drone-based canopy segmentation and crown metrics to be very useful tools for the scaling of transpiration from tree- to stand-level. Our results indicate substantial spatial variation in crown packing and thus canopy transpiration of tropical rainforests.
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48
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Potapov AM, Dupérré N, Jochum M, Dreczko K, Klarner B, Barnes AD, Krashevska V, Rembold K, Kreft H, Brose U, Widyastuti R, Harms D, Scheu S. Functional losses in ground spider communities due to habitat structure degradation under tropical land-use change. Ecology 2020; 101:e02957. [PMID: 31840252 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Deforestation and land-use change in tropical regions result in habitat loss and extinction of species that are unable to adapt to the conditions in agricultural landscapes. If the associated loss of functional diversity is not compensated by species colonizing the converted habitats, extinctions might be followed by a reduction or loss of ecosystem functions including biological control. To date, little is known about how land-use change in the tropics alters the functional diversity of invertebrate predators and which key environmental factors may mitigate the decline in functional diversity and predation in litter and soil communities. We applied litter sieving and heat extraction to study ground spider communities and assessed structural characteristics of vegetation and parameters of litter in rainforest and agricultural land-use systems (jungle rubber, rubber, and oil palm monocultures) in a Southeast Asian hotspot of rainforest conversion: Sumatra, Indonesia. We found that (1) spider density, species richness, functional diversity, and community predation (energy flux to spiders) were reduced by 57-98% from rainforest to oil palm monoculture; (2) jungle rubber and rubber monoculture sustained relatively high diversity and predation in ground spiders, but small cryptic spider species strongly declined; (3) high species turnover compensated losses of some functional trait combinations, but did not compensate for the overall loss of functional diversity and predation per unit area; (4) spider diversity was related to habitat structure such as amount of litter, understory density, and understory height, while spider predation was better explained by plant diversity. Management practices that increase habitat-structural complexity and plant diversity such as mulching, reduced weeding, and intercropping monocultures with other plants may contribute to maintaining functional diversity of and predation services provided by ground invertebrate communities in plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Potapov
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 33, 119071, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadine Dupérré
- Center of Natural History, Zoological Museum, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 52, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Jochum
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Deutscher Pl. 5E, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Dreczko
- Center of Natural History, Zoological Museum, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 52, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Klarner
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrew D Barnes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Deutscher Pl. 5E, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,School of Science, the University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, 3240, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Valentyna Krashevska
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katja Rembold
- Botanical Garden of the University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, 3013, Bern, Switzerland.,Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology & Biogeography, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Von-Siebold-Strasse 8, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Brose
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Deutscher Pl. 5E, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University, Dornburger Strasse 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Rahayu Widyastuti
- Department of Soil Sciences and Land Resources, Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB), Jln. Meranti Kampus IPB Darmaga, 16680, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Danilo Harms
- Center of Natural History, Zoological Museum, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstraße 52, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Untere Karspüle 2, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use, Von-Siebold-Strasse 8, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
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Berkelmann D, Schneider D, Meryandini A, Daniel R. Unravelling the effects of tropical land use conversion on the soil microbiome. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2020; 15:5. [PMID: 33902736 PMCID: PMC8067294 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-020-0353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consequences of deforestation and agricultural treatments are complex and affect all trophic levels. Changes of microbial community structure and composition associated with rainforest conversion to managed systems such as rubber and oil palm plantations have been shown by 16S rRNA gene analysis previously, but functional profile shifts have been rarely addressed. In this study, we analysed the effects of rainforest conversion to different converted land use systems, including agroforestry ("jungle rubber") and monoculture plantations comprising rubber and oil palm, on soilborne microbial communities by metagenomic shotgun sequencing in Sumatra, Indonesia. RESULTS The diversity of bacteria and archaea decreased whereas diversity of fungi increased in the converted land use systems. The soil microbiome was dominated by bacteria followed by fungi. We detected negative effects of land use conversion on the abundance of Proteobacteria (especially on Rhizobiales and Burkholderiales) and positive effects on the abundance of Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria. These abundance changes were mainly driven by pH, C:N ratio, and Fe, C and N content. With increasing land use intensity, the functional diversity decreased for bacteria, archaea and fungi. Gene abundances of specific metabolisms such as nitrogen metabolism and carbon fixation were affected by land use management practices. The abundance of genes related to denitrification and nitrogen fixation increased in plantations while abundance of genes involved in nitrification and methane oxidation showed no significant difference. Linking taxonomic and functional assignment per read indicated that nitrogen metabolism-related genes were mostly assigned to members of the Rhizobiales and Burkholderiales. Abundances of carbon fixation genes increased also with increasing land use intensity. Motility- and interaction-related genes, especially genes involved in flagellar assembly and chemotaxis genes, decreased towards managed land use systems. This indicated a shift in mobility and interspecific interactions in bacterial communities within these soils. CONCLUSIONS Rainforest conversion to managed land use systems drastically affects structure and functional potential of soil microbial communities. The decrease in motility- and interaction-related functions from rainforest to converted land use systems indicated not only a shift in nutrient cycling but also in community dynamics. Fertilizer application and correspondingly higher availability of nutrients in intensively managed plantations lead to an environment in which interspecific interactions are not favoured compared to rainforest soils. We could directly link effects of land management, microbial community structure and functional potential for several metabolic processes. As our study is the first study of this size and detail on soil microbial communities in tropical systems, we provide a basis for further analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Berkelmann
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schneider
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Meryandini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences IPB, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University, Grisebachstr. 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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50
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Krashevska V, Kudrin AA, Widyastuti R, Scheu S. Changes in Nematode Communities and Functional Diversity With the Conversion of Rainforest Into Rubber and Oil Palm Plantations. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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