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Hudcovic T, Petr Hermanova P, Kozakova H, Benada O, Kofronova O, Schwarzer M, Srutkova D. Priority order of neonatal colonization by a probiotic or pathogenic Escherichia coli strain dictates the host response to experimental colitis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1393732. [PMID: 39206364 PMCID: PMC11349737 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1393732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The alarming prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in early childhood is associated with imbalances in the microbiome, the immune response, and environmental factors. Some pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains have been found in IBD patients, where they may influence disease progression. Therefore, the discovery of new harmful bacterial strains that have the potential to drive the inflammatory response is of great importance. In this study, we compared the immunomodulatory properties of two E. coli strains of serotype O6: the probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 and the uropathogenic E. coli O6:K13:H1. Using the epithelial Caco-2 cell line, we investigated the different abilities of the strains to adhere to and invade epithelial cells. We confirmed the potential of E. coli Nissle 1917 to modulate the Th1 immune response in a specific manner in an in vitro setting by stimulating mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs). In gnotobiotic in vivo experiments, we demonstrated that neonatal colonization with E. coli Nissle 1917 achieves a stable high concentration in the intestine and protects mice from the progressive effect of E. coli O6:K13:H1 in developing ulcerative colitis in an experimental model. In contrast, a single-dose treatment with E. coli Nissle 1917 is ineffective in achieving such high concentrations and does not protect against DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice neonatally colonized with pathobiont E. coli O6:K13:H1. Despite the stable coexistence of both E. coli strains in the intestinal environment of the mice, we demonstrated a beneficial competitive interaction between the early colonizing E. coli Nissle 1917 and the late-arriving strain O6:K13:H1, suggesting its anti-inflammatory potential for the host. This study highlights the importance of the sequence of bacterial colonization, which influences the development of the immune response in the host gut and potentially impacts future quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Hudcovic
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Nový Hrádek, Czechia
| | - Petra Petr Hermanova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Nový Hrádek, Czechia
| | - Hana Kozakova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Nový Hrádek, Czechia
| | - Oldrich Benada
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Olga Kofronova
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure Characterization, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Schwarzer
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Nový Hrádek, Czechia
| | - Dagmar Srutkova
- Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Nový Hrádek, Czechia
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Margutti P, D’Ambrosio A, Zamboni S. Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicle as Emerging Actors in Host Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8722. [PMID: 39201409 PMCID: PMC11354844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota is an intricate micro-ecosystem comprising a diverse range of dynamic microbial populations mainly consisting of bacteria, whose interactions with hosts strongly affect several physiological and pathological processes. The gut microbiota is being increasingly recognized as a critical player in maintaining homeostasis, contributing to the main functions of the intestine and distal organs such as the brain. However, gut dysbiosis, characterized by composition and function alterations of microbiota with intestinal barrier dysfunction has been linked to the development and progression of several pathologies, including intestinal inflammatory diseases, systemic autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatic arthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, oral microbiota research has gained significant interest in recent years due to its potential impact on overall health. Emerging evidence on the role of microbiota-host interactions in health and disease has triggered a marked interest on the functional role of bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) as mediators of inter-kingdom communication. Accumulating evidence reveals that BEVs mediate host interactions by transporting and delivering into host cells effector molecules that modulate host signaling pathways and cell processes, influencing health and disease. This review discusses the critical role of BEVs from the gut, lung, skin and oral cavity in the epithelium, immune system, and CNS interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Margutti
- Department of Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (S.Z.)
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Han M, Liang J, Hou M, Liu Y, Li H, Gao Z. Bifidobacterium bifidum Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice by Regulating Microbial Metabolome and Targeting Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38838169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a recurrent inflammatory condition affecting the gastrointestinal tract, and its clinical treatment remains suboptimal. Probiotics have shown effectiveness in alleviating dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis, exhibiting strain-specific anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we compared the therapeutic effects of five strains of Bifidobacterium bifidum isolated from healthy adult feces on DSS-induced colitis in mice. Additionally, we investigated the underlying mechanisms by examining gut microbiota composition and microbial metabolome. Our findings highlighted the superior efficacy of B. bifidum M1-3 compared to other strains. It significantly improved colitis symptoms, mitigated gut barrier disruption, and reduced colonic inflammation in DSS-treated mice. Moreover, gut microbiota composition analysis revealed that B. bifidum M1-3 treatment increased the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota. Specifically, it significantly increased the abundance of Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Enterorhabdus, while decreasing the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella. Furthermore, our nontargeted metabolomics analysis illustrated that B. bifidum M1-3 treatment had a regulatory effect on various metabolic pathways, including tyrosine metabolism, lysine degradation, and tryptophan metabolism. Importantly, we confirmed that the therapeutic efficiency of B. bifidum M1-3 was dependent on the gut microbiota. These results are conducive to the development of probiotic products for alleviating colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengxin Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanye Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenpeng Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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4
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Han M, Shen N, Tan W, Wang X, Liu Y, Liang J, Li H, Gao Z. Layer-by-layer coated probiotics with chitosan and liposomes exhibit enhanced therapeutic effects for DSS-induced colitis in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132063. [PMID: 38705329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Probiotic therapy has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, offering advantages in terms of safety and convenience. However, oral probiotics encounter significant challenges, including exposure to a hostile gastric environment with low pH, bile salts, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and damage to the protective mucus layer. These factors reduce probiotic survival rates and limit their physiological activity. To address these challenges, we developed a layer-by-layer coated probiotics with curcumin-loaded liposome and polymer. Through DSS-induced colitis mice experiments, we demonstrated that the coated probiotics exhibited an improved survival rate in the gastrointestinal tract and enhanced adhesion to the intestinal mucosa. Furthermore, multi-layered coated probiotics exhibited remarkable efficacy in alleviating colitis by efficiently repairing the gut barrier, modulating gut microbial homeostasis, and reducing bacterial motility at sites of colonic inflammation. Our innovative approach holds promise for effectively treating gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ning Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiteng Tan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanye Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongcai Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenpeng Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 712100 Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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da Silva TF, Glória RDA, de Sousa TJ, Americo MF, Freitas ADS, Viana MVC, de Jesus LCL, da Silva Prado LC, Daniel N, Ménard O, Cochet MF, Dupont D, Jardin J, Borges AD, Fernandes SOA, Cardoso VN, Brenig B, Ferreira E, Profeta R, Aburjaile FF, de Carvalho RDO, Langella P, Le Loir Y, Cherbuy C, Jan G, Azevedo V, Guédon É. Comprehensive probiogenomics analysis of the commensal Escherichia coli CEC15 as a potential probiotic strain. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:364. [PMID: 38008714 PMCID: PMC10680302 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03112-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics have gained attention for their potential maintaining gut and immune homeostasis. They have been found to confer protection against pathogen colonization, possess immunomodulatory effects, enhance gut barrier functionality, and mitigate inflammation. However, a thorough understanding of the unique mechanisms of effects triggered by individual strains is necessary to optimize their therapeutic efficacy. Probiogenomics, involving high-throughput techniques, can help identify uncharacterized strains and aid in the rational selection of new probiotics. This study evaluates the potential of the Escherichia coli CEC15 strain as a probiotic through in silico, in vitro, and in vivo analyses, comparing it to the well-known probiotic reference E. coli Nissle 1917. Genomic analysis was conducted to identify traits with potential beneficial activity and to assess the safety of each strain (genomic islands, bacteriocin production, antibiotic resistance, production of proteins involved in host homeostasis, and proteins with adhesive properties). In vitro studies assessed survival in gastrointestinal simulated conditions and adhesion to cultured human intestinal cells. Safety was evaluated in BALB/c mice, monitoring the impact of E. coli consumption on clinical signs, intestinal architecture, intestinal permeability, and fecal microbiota. Additionally, the protective effects of both strains were assessed in a murine model of 5-FU-induced mucositis. RESULTS CEC15 mitigates inflammation, reinforces intestinal barrier, and modulates intestinal microbiota. In silico analysis revealed fewer pathogenicity-related traits in CEC15, when compared to Nissle 1917, with fewer toxin-associated genes and no gene suggesting the production of colibactin (a genotoxic agent). Most predicted antibiotic-resistance genes were neither associated with actual resistance, nor with transposable elements. The genome of CEC15 strain encodes proteins related to stress tolerance and to adhesion, in line with its better survival during digestion and higher adhesion to intestinal cells, when compared to Nissle 1917. Moreover, CEC15 exhibited beneficial effects on mice and their intestinal microbiota, both in healthy animals and against 5FU-induced intestinal mucositis. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the CEC15 strain holds promise as a probiotic, as it could modulate the intestinal microbiota, providing immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, and reinforcing the intestinal barrier. These findings may have implications for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, particularly some forms of diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tales Fernando da Silva
- 1INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, UMR1253, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042, Rennes, Cedex, France
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Assis Glória
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thiago Jesus de Sousa
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Monique Ferrary Americo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andria Dos Santos Freitas
- 1INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, UMR1253, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042, Rennes, Cedex, France
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinicius Canário Viana
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luís Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Nathalie Daniel
- 1INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, UMR1253, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042, Rennes, Cedex, France
| | - Olivia Ménard
- 1INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, UMR1253, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042, Rennes, Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Cochet
- 1INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, UMR1253, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042, Rennes, Cedex, France
| | - Didier Dupont
- 1INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, UMR1253, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042, Rennes, Cedex, France
| | - Julien Jardin
- 1INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, UMR1253, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042, Rennes, Cedex, France
| | - Amanda Dias Borges
- Department of clinical and toxicological analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes
- Department of clinical and toxicological analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Department of clinical and toxicological analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Bertram Brenig
- Department of Molecular Biology of Livestock, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Enio Ferreira
- Department of general pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Profeta
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flavia Figueira Aburjaile
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Veterinary school, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Philippe Langella
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319, MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Yves Le Loir
- 1INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, UMR1253, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042, Rennes, Cedex, France
| | - Claire Cherbuy
- Université Paris Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319, MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gwénaël Jan
- 1INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, UMR1253, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042, Rennes, Cedex, France
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Éric Guédon
- 1INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, UMR1253, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, 35042, Rennes, Cedex, France.
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Huang L, Wang J, Kong L, Wang X, Li Q, Zhang L, Shi J, Duan J, Mu H. ROS-responsive hyaluronic acid hydrogel for targeted delivery of probiotics to relieve colitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1476-1486. [PMID: 36195227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are generally used as therapeutic intervention in inflammatory bowel disease. However, the low survival rate in harsh gastrointestinal environment and limited retention in intestine greatly restrict their health benefits. To address this problem, a ROS-responsive hydrogel based on hyaluronic acid (HA) was developed for encapsulation and targeted delivery of probiotics. The hydrogel was prepared facilely by physiological crosslink with methacrylated HA and thiolated thioketal. As a model probiotic, Lactobacillu reuteri showed a significantly increased survival rate in simulated digestive conditions after encapsulated in hydrogel. The negative properties conferred the hydrogel preferential adhesions to inflammation sites. Meanwhile, the excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by inflamed colon tissues selectively cleaved thioketal linkages resulted in hydrogel degradation and local probiotics release. Furthermore, the hydrogel exerted an appropriate ROS-scavenge capacity and protected HT-29 cells from oxidative damage. Animal experiments indicated that hydrogel-encapsulated L. reuteri could remarkably alleviate the symptoms and improve the survival rate of mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. These results suggested that the biocompatible hydrogel may be a delivery platform to target inflamed intestines and expand the application of probiotics as pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Huang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Kong
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiulei Li
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingjiao Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingru Shi
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinyou Duan
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haibo Mu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Petersen AM. Gastrointestinal dysbiosis and Escherichia coli pathobionts in inflammatory bowel diseases. APMIS 2022; 130 Suppl 144:1-38. [PMID: 35899316 PMCID: PMC9546507 DOI: 10.1111/apm.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Munk Petersen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Park Y, Kim T, Ham J, Choi J, Lee H, Yeon YJ, Choi SI, Kim N, Kim Y, Seok Y. Physiological activity of E. coli engineered to produce butyric acid. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:832-843. [PMID: 33729711 PMCID: PMC8913873 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) is one of the most abundant bacteria in the human intestine, with its anti-inflammatory effects establishing it as a major effector in human intestinal health. However, its extreme sensitivity to oxygen makes its cultivation and physiological study difficult. F. prausnitzii produces butyric acid, which is beneficial to human gut health. Butyric acid is a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced by the fermentation of carbohydrates, such as dietary fibre in the large bowel. The genes encoding butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase (BCD) and butyryl-CoA:acetate CoA transferase (BUT) in F. prausnitzii were cloned and expressed in E. coli to determine the effect of butyric acid production on intestinal health using DSS-induced colitis model mice. The results from the E. coli Nissle 1917 strain, expressing BCD, BUT, or both, showed that BCD was essential, while BUT was dispensable for producing butyric acid. The effects of different carbon sources, such as glucose, N-acetylglucosamine (NAG), N-acetylgalactosamine (NAGA), and inulin, were compared with results showing that the optimal carbon sources for butyric acid production were NAG, a major component of mucin in the human intestine, and glucose. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effects of butyric acid production were tested by administering these strains to DSS-induced colitis model mice. The oral administration of the E. coli Nissle 1917 strain, carrying the expression vector for BCD and BUT (EcN-BCD-BUT), was found to prevent DSS-induced damage. Introduction of the BCD expression vector into E. coli Nissle 1917 led to increased butyric acid production, which improved the strain's health-beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young‐Tae Park
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of MicrobiologySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Natural Products Research InstituteGangneungKorea
| | - Taejung Kim
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Natural Products Research InstituteGangneungKorea
| | - Jungyeob Ham
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Natural Products Research InstituteGangneungKorea
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Green City Technology InstituteSeoulKorea
| | - Hoe‐Suk Lee
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringGangneung‐Wonju National UniversityGangneungKorea
| | - Young Joo Yeon
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringGangneung‐Wonju National UniversityGangneungKorea
| | - Soo In Choi
- Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamKorea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Seoul National University Bundang HospitalSeongnamKorea
| | - Yeon‐Ran Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of MicrobiologySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Yeong‐Jae Seok
- Department of Biological Sciences and Institute of MicrobiologySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
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9
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Efficacy of Probiotics-Based Interventions as Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Recent Update. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:3546-3567. [PMID: 35844369 PMCID: PMC9280206 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics such as Lactobacillus spp. play an important role in human health as they embark beneficial effect on the human gastrointestinal microflora composition and immune system. Dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal microbial composition has been identified as a major contributor to chronic inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Higher prevalence of IBD is often recorded in most of the developed Western countries, but recent data has shown an increase in previously regarded as lower risk regions, such as Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, and India. Although the IBD etiology remains a subject of speculation, the disease is likely to have developed because of interaction between extrinsic environmental elements; the host’s immune system, and the gut microbial composition. Compared to conventional treatments, probiotics and probiotic-based interventions including the introduction of specific prebiotics, symbiotic and postbiotic products had been demonstrated as more promising therapeutic measures. The present review discusses the association between gut dysbiosis, the pathogenesis of IBD, and risk factors leading to gut dysbiosis. In addition, it discusses recent studies focused on the alteration of the gastrointestinal microbiome as an effective therapy for IBD. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and other viral infections on IBD are also discussed in this review. Clinical and animal-based studies have shown that probiotic-based therapies can restore the gastrointestinal microbiota balance and reduce gut inflammations. Therefore, this review also assesses the status quo of these microbial-based therapies for the treatment of IBD. A better understanding of the mechanisms of their actions on modulating altered gut microbiota is required to enhance the effectiveness of the IBD therapeutics.
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Schröder NCH, Korša A, Wami H, Mantel O, Dobrindt U, Kurtz J. Serial passage in an insect host indicates genetic stability of the human probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917. Evol Med Public Health 2022; 10:71-86. [PMID: 35186295 PMCID: PMC8853844 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives The probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) has been shown to effectively prevent and alleviate intestinal diseases. Despite the widespread medical application of EcN, we still lack basic knowledge about persistence and evolution of EcN outside the human body. Such knowledge is important also for public health aspects, as in contrast to abiotic therapeutics, probiotics are living organisms that have the potential to evolve. This study made use of experimental evolution of EcN in an insect host, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum, and its flour environment. Methodology Using a serial passage approach, we orally introduced EcN to larvae of T.castaneum as a new host, and also propagated it in the flour environment. After eight propagation cycles, we analyzed phenotypic attributes of the passaged replicate EcN lines, their effects on the host in the context of immunity and infection with the entomopathogen Bacillus thuringiensis, and potential genomic changes using WGS of three of the evolved lines. Results We observed weak phenotypic differences between the ancestral EcN and both, beetle and flour passaged EcN lines, in motility and growth at 30°C, but neither any genetic changes, nor the expected increased persistence of the beetle-passaged lines. One of these lines displayed distinct morphological and physiological characteristics. Conclusions and implications Our findings suggest that EcN remains rather stable during serial passage in an insect. Weak phenotypic changes in growth and motility combined with a lack of genetic changes indicate a certain degree of phenotypic plasticity of EcN. Lay Summary For studying adaptation of the human probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917, we introduced it to a novel insect host system and its environment using a serial passage approach. After passage, we observed weak phenotypic changes in growth and motility but no mutations or changes in persistence inside the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas C H Schröder
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ana Korša
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Haleluya Wami
- Institute for Hygiene, UKM Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Olena Mantel
- Institute for Hygiene, UKM Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Kurtz
- Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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11
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Quintanilha MF, Miranda VC, Souza RO, Gallotti B, Cruz C, Santos EA, Alvarez-Leite JI, Jesus LC, Azevedo V, Trindade LM, Cardoso VN, Ferreira E, Carvalho BA, Soares PM, Vieira AT, Nicoli JR, Martins FS. Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum 51A attenuates intestinal injury against irinotecan-induced mucositis in mice. Life Sci 2022; 289:120243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Chen L, Li R, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Wang J, Qiao Y, Huang Y, Liu W. Lactate-utilizing bacteria ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice. Life Sci 2022; 288:120179. [PMID: 34838850 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) stem from alterations in the intestinal immune system and microbial dysbiosis, but the precise interactions between bacteria and IBD remain obscure. The commensal microbiota have a profound impact on human health and diseases. Here, we developed a selective culture medium for lactate-utilizing bacteria (LUB) that function as candidate probiotics to ameliorate IBD using a mouse model. Firstly, LUB, including Megasphaera, were enriched from human faeces using a selective medium with lactate. LUB efficiently attenuated the pathology of colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). Next, LUB administration counteracted the dysbiosis associated with the intestinal inflammatory process, and elevated the proportion of Escherichia-Shigella in intestines. Moreover, E. coli isolated from healthy faeces downstream recapitulated lactate-utilizing bacterial community to ameliorate the severity of DSS-induced acute colitis. In conclusion, our finding revealed that LUB were sufficient to exert inflammatory protection against colitis in mice, highlighting a novel therapeutic strategy to use LUB as potentially curable probiotics for therapeutic manipulation for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanxi Medical University Fenyang College, Shanxi 032200, China.
| | - Rong Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Ziguang Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical College; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, Heilongjiang 157000, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Fenyang Hospital, Shanxi 032200, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Jingle County People's Hospital, Shanxi 035100, China
| | - Yuebing Qiao
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Yongcun Huang
- First Clinical Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical College; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, Heilongjiang 157000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui 230036, China; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanxi Medical University Fenyang College, Shanxi 032200, China.
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13
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Díaz‐Garrido N, Badia J, Baldomà L. Microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles in interkingdom communication in the gut. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12161. [PMID: 34738337 PMCID: PMC8568775 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestine is fundamental in controlling human health. Intestinal epithelial and immune cells are continuously exposed to millions of microbes that greatly impact on intestinal epithelial barrier and immune function. This microbial community, known as gut microbiota, is now recognized as an important partner of the human being that actively contribute to essential functions of the intestine but also of distal organs. In the gut ecosystem, bidirectional microbiota-host communication does not involve direct cell contacts. Both microbiota and host-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key players of such interkingdom crosstalk. There is now accumulating body of evidence that bacterial secreted vesicles mediate microbiota functions by transporting and delivering into host cells effector molecules that modulate host signalling pathways and cell processes. Consequently, vesicles released by the gut microbiota may have great influence on health and disease. Here we review current knowledge on microbiota EVs and specifically highlight their role in controlling host metabolism, intestinal barrier integrity and immune training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Díaz‐Garrido
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i FisiologiaFacultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'AlimentacióUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD)Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Josefa Badia
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i FisiologiaFacultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'AlimentacióUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD)Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Laura Baldomà
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biología Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i FisiologiaFacultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'AlimentacióUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD)Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB)BarcelonaSpain
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14
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Fortea M, Albert-Bayo M, Abril-Gil M, Ganda Mall JP, Serra-Ruiz X, Henao-Paez A, Expósito E, González-Castro AM, Guagnozzi D, Lobo B, Alonso-Cotoner C, Santos J. Present and Future Therapeutic Approaches to Barrier Dysfunction. Front Nutr 2021; 8:718093. [PMID: 34778332 PMCID: PMC8582318 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.718093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is converging and increasing evidence, but also uncertainty, for the role of abnormal intestinal epithelial barrier function in the origin and development of a growing number of human gastrointestinal and extraintestinal inflammatory disorders, and their related complaints. Despite a vast literature addressing factors and mechanisms underlying changes in intestinal permeability in humans, and its connection to the appearance and severity of clinical symptoms, the ultimate link remains to be established in many cases. Accordingly, there are no directives or clinical guidelines related to the therapeutic management of intestinal permeability disorders that allow health professionals involved in the management of these patients to carry out a consensus treatment based on clinical evidence. Instead, there are multiple pseudoscientific approaches and commercial propaganda scattered on the internet that confuse those affected and health professionals and that often lack scientific rigor. Therefore, in this review we aim to shed light on the different therapeutic options, which include, among others, dietary management, nutraceuticals and medical devices, microbiota and drugs, and epigenetic and exosomes-manipulation, through an objective evaluation of the scientific publications in this field. Advances in the knowledge and management of intestinal permeability will sure enable better options of dealing with this group of common disorders to enhance quality of life of those affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Fortea
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience, Translational Research Center for GastroIntestinal Disorders, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mercé Albert-Bayo
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Abril-Gil
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John-Peter Ganda Mall
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xavier Serra-Ruiz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Henao-Paez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elba Expósito
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana María González-Castro
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Danila Guagnozzi
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Lobo
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carmen Alonso-Cotoner
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Santos
- Laboratory of Neuro-Immuno-Gastroenterology, Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERHED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Gut Microbiota and Dietary Factors as Modulators of the Mucus Layer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910224. [PMID: 34638564 PMCID: PMC8508624 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is optimized to efficiently absorb nutrients and provide a competent barrier against a variety of lumen environmental compounds. Different regulatory mechanisms jointly collaborate to maintain intestinal homeostasis, but alterations in these mechanisms lead to a dysfunctional gastrointestinal barrier and are associated to several inflammatory conditions usually found in chronic pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The gastrointestinal mucus, mostly composed of mucin glycoproteins, covers the epithelium and plays an essential role in digestive and barrier functions. However, its regulation is very dynamic and is still poorly understood. This review presents some aspects concerning the role of mucus in gut health and its alterations in IBD. In addition, the impact of gut microbiota and dietary compounds as environmental factors modulating the mucus layer is addressed. To date, studies have evidenced the impact of the three-way interplay between the microbiome, diet and the mucus layer on the gut barrier, host immune system and IBD. This review emphasizes the need to address current limitations on this topic, especially regarding the design of robust human trials and highlights the potential interest of improving our understanding of the regulation of the intestinal mucus barrier in IBD.
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16
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Coutinho JOPA, Quintanilha MF, Campos MRA, Ferreira E, de Menezes GCA, Rosa LH, Rosa CA, Vital KD, Fernandes SOA, Cardoso VN, Nicoli JR, Tiago FCP, Martins FS. Antarctic Strain of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18,377 Attenuates Mucositis Induced by 5-Fluorouracil in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 14:486-500. [PMID: 34255281 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09817-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mucositis is one of the most strenuous side effects caused by chemotherapy drugs, such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), during the treatment of several types of cancers. The disease is so prevalent and aggressive that many patients cannot resist such symptoms. However, despite its frequency and clinical significance, there is no effective treatment to prevent or treat mucositis. Thus, the use of probiotics as an adjuvant for the treatment has gained prominence. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of oral administration of the Antarctic strain of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18,377 as an alternative to minimize side effects of 5-FU-induced mucositis in mice. Body weight, food consumption, stool consistency, and presence of blood in the feces were assessed daily in mice orally treated or not with the yeast and submitted or not to experimental mucositis. Blood, bones, and intestinal tissues and fluid were used to determine intestinal permeability and immunological, microbiological, and histopathological parameters. Treatment with R. mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18,377 was able to decrease clinical signs of the disease, such as reduction of food intake and body weight loss, and also decreased the number of intestinal enterobacteria and intestinal length shortening. Additionally, treatment was able to decrease the levels of MPO and EPO activities and inflammatory infiltrates, as well as the histopathological lesions characteristic of mucositis in the jejunum and ileum. Results of the present study showed that the oral administration of R. mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18,377 protected mice against mucositis induced by 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana O P A Coutinho
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mônica F Quintanilha
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina R A Campos
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Enio Ferreira
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Graciéle C A de Menezes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz H Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Katia D Vital
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Simone O A Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Valbert N Cardoso
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas E Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacques R Nicoli
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiana C P Tiago
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET-MG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flaviano S Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Agentes Bioterapêuticos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30270-901, Brazil.
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17
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Pujo J, Petitfils C, Le Faouder P, Eeckhaut V, Payros G, Maurel S, Perez-Berezo T, Van Hul M, Barreau F, Blanpied C, Chavanas S, Van Immerseel F, Bertrand-Michel J, Oswald E, Knauf C, Dietrich G, Cani PD, Cenac N. Bacteria-derived long chain fatty acid exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in colitis. Gut 2021; 70:1088-1097. [PMID: 32978245 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Data from clinical research suggest that certain probiotic bacterial strains have the potential to modulate colonic inflammation. Nonetheless, these data differ between studies due to the probiotic bacterial strains used and the poor knowledge of their mechanisms of action. DESIGN By mass-spectrometry, we identified and quantified free long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in probiotics and assessed the effect of one of them in mouse colitis. RESULTS Among all the LCFAs quantified by mass spectrometry in Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN), a probiotic used for the treatment of multiple intestinal disorders, the concentration of 3-hydroxyoctadecaenoic acid (C18-3OH) was increased in EcN compared with other E. coli strains tested. Oral administration of C18-3OH decreased colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in mice. To determine whether other bacteria composing the microbiota are able to produce C18-3OH, we targeted the gut microbiota of mice with prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS). The anti-inflammatory properties of FOS were associated with an increase in colonic C18-3OH concentration. Microbiota analyses revealed that the concentration of C18-3OH was correlated with an increase in the abundance in Allobaculum, Holdemanella and Parabacteroides. In culture, Holdemanella biformis produced high concentration of C18-3OH. Finally, using TR-FRET binding assay and gene expression analysis, we demonstrated that the C18-3OH is an agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma. CONCLUSION The production of C18-3OH by bacteria could be one of the mechanisms implicated in the anti-inflammatory properties of probiotics. The production of LCFA-3OH by bacteria could be implicated in the microbiota/host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pujo
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Farncombe Family Digestive Health Institute, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Camille Petitfils
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Venessa Eeckhaut
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Gaelle Payros
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sarah Maurel
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Teresa Perez-Berezo
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frederick Barreau
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Catherine Blanpied
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Stephane Chavanas
- Centre for Pathophysiology Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), INSERM, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Filip Van Immerseel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Eric Oswald
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Service de bactériologie-hygiène, CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Claude Knauf
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,NeuroMicrobiota, European Associated Laboratory (EAL), INSERM/UCLouvain, Toulouse, Brussels, France, Belgium
| | - Gilles Dietrich
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), Louvain Drug Research Institute, Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,NeuroMicrobiota, European Associated Laboratory (EAL), INSERM/UCLouvain, Toulouse, Brussels, France, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Cenac
- IRSD, INSERM, INRA, INP-ENVT, Toulouse University 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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18
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Chiang CJ, Chao YP, Ali A, Day CH, Ho TJ, Wang PN, Lin SC, Padma VV, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle inhibits IL-6 and MAPK-mediated cardiac hypertrophy during STZ-induced diabetes in rats. Benef Microbes 2021; 12:283-293. [PMID: 34030609 DOI: 10.3920/bm2020.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli Nissle (EcN), a probiotic bacterium protects against several disorders. Multiple reports have studied the pathways involved in cardiac hypertrophy. However, the effects of probiotic EcN against diabetes-induced cardiac hypertrophy remain to be understood. We administered five weeks old Wistar male (271±19.4 g body weight) streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with 109 cfu of EcN via oral gavage every day for 24 days followed by subjecting the rats to echocardiography to analyse the cardiac parameters. Overexpressed interleukin (IL)-6 induced the MEK5/ERK5, JAK2/STAT3, and MAPK signalling cascades in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Further, the upregulation of calcineurin, NFATc3, and p-GATA4 led to the elevation of hypertrophy markers, such as atrial and B-type natriuretic peptides. In contrast, diabetic rats supplemented with probiotic EcN exhibited significant downregulated IL-6. Moreover, the MEK5/ERK5 and JAK2/STAT3 cascades involved during eccentric hypertrophy and MAPK signalling, including phosphorylated MEK, ERK, JNK, and p-38, were significantly attenuated in diabetic rats after supplementation of EcN. Western blotting and immunofluorescence revealed the significant downregulation of NFATc3 and downstream mediators, thereby resulting in the impairment of cardiac hypertrophy. Taken together, the findings demonstrate that supplementing probiotic EcN has the potential to show cardioprotective effects by inhibiting diabetes-induced cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Y P Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, No. 100 Wenhwa Rd., Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - A Ali
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - C H Day
- Department of Nursing, MeiHo University, 23, Pingguang Rd., Neipu, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - T J Ho
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, 707 Section 3 Chung-Yang Road, Hualien 97002, Taiwan.,Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan.,School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 701 Jhongyang Road Section 3, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - P N Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, No. 100 Wenhwa Rd., Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan
| | - S C Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - V V Padma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - W W Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan
| | - C Y Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Rd., Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, 500 Liufeng Rd., Wufeng, 41354 Taichung, Taiwan.,Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan
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19
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Evaluation of E. coli Nissle1917 derived metabolites in modulating key mediator genes of the TLR signaling pathway. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:156. [PMID: 33902702 PMCID: PMC8077910 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05568-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Gut-microbiota plays key roles in many aspects like the health and illness of humans. It's well proved that modification of gut microbiota by probiotics is useful for improving inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) conditions. According to recent studies, different types of bacterial metabolites can affect immune cells and inflammation conditions. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of metabolites of E. coli Nissle1917. Results The cell-free supernatant could modulate TNF-α production and affected many crucial mediators in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. Also, supernatant showed significant dose-dependent properties in this regard. In this study, the TLR signaling pathway was found among probable mechanisms by which probiotics can affect inflammatory situations. These findings provide additional evidence on the use of probiotic metabolites for inhibiting and down-regulating numerous key mediator factors in the TLR signaling pathway. Aberrant or dysfunctional TLR signaling contributes to the development of acute and chronic intestinal inflammatory pathways in IBD. Therefore, finding a component that can affect this process might be considered for therapeutic targets in IBD patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13104-021-05568-x.
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20
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In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of the Probiotic Potential of Antarctic Yeasts. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:1338-1354. [PMID: 33759043 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antarctica is one of the most pristine and inhospitable regions of the planet, mostly inhabited by microorganisms that survive due to unusual metabolic pathways to adapt to its extreme conditions, which could be interesting for the selection of new probiotics. The aim of the present study was to screen in vitro and in vivo putative probiotics among 254 yeasts isolated from different habitats of Antarctica. In vitro selection evaluated functional (growth at 37 °C, resistance to simulated gastric environment, and to bile salts), safety (degradation of mucin, production of β-haemolysis and resistance to antifungal drugs), and beneficial (production of antagonistic substances and adhesion to pathogens) properties. Twelve yeasts were able to grow at 37 °C, one of which was eliminated to present β-haemolytic ability. The remained yeasts resisted to gastric simulation and bile salts, but none presented antagonism against the pathogens tested. Because of the high co-aggregation with Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and growth yield, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18377 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae UFMGCB 11120 were selected for in vivo steps using mice challenged with S. Typhimurium. Both yeasts reached high faecal population levels when daily administered, but only R. mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18377 protected mice against Salmonella infection presenting a higher survival and reduced weight loss, bacterial translocation to the liver, sIgA intestinal levels, and intestinal and hepatic MPO and EPO activities. Our in vitro and in vivo results suggest that R. mucilaginosa UFMGCB 18377 presents probiotic potential and deserve further studies as candidate of probiotic by-products. In addition, this is the first screening study of yeasts isolated from Antarctic environments and of Rhodotorula genus for probiotic use.
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Cristofori F, Dargenio VN, Dargenio C, Miniello VL, Barone M, Francavilla R. Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotics in Gut Inflammation: A Door to the Body. Front Immunol 2021; 12:578386. [PMID: 33717063 PMCID: PMC7953067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.578386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hosting millions of microorganisms, the digestive tract is the primary and most important part of bacterial colonization. On one side, in cases of opportunistic invasion, the abundant bacterial population inside intestinal tissues may face potential health problems such as inflammation and infections. Therefore, the immune system has evolved to sustain the host-microbiota symbiotic relationship. On the other hand, to maintain host immune homeostasis, the intestinal microflora often exerts an immunoregulatory function that cannot be ignored. A field of great interest is the association of either microbiota or probiotics with the immune system concerning clinical uses. This microbial community regulates some of the host's metabolic and physiological functions and drives early-life immune system maturation, contributing to their homeostasis throughout life. Changes in gut microbiota can occur through modification in function, composition (dysbiosis), or microbiota-host interplays. Studies on animals and humans show that probiotics can have a pivotal effect on the modulation of immune and inflammatory mechanisms; however, the precise mechanisms have not yet been well defined. Diet, age, BMI (body mass index), medications, and stress may confound the benefits of probiotic intake. In addition to host gut functions (permeability and physiology), all these agents have profound implications for the gut microbiome composition. The use of probiotics could improve the gut microbial population, increase mucus-secretion, and prevent the destruction of tight junction proteins by decreasing the number of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). When LPS binds endothelial cells to toll-like receptors (TLR 2, 4), dendritic cells and macrophage cells are activated, and inflammatory markers are increased. Furthermore, a decrease in gut dysbiosis and intestinal leakage after probiotic therapy may minimize the development of inflammatory biomarkers and blunt unnecessary activation of the immune system. In turn, probiotics improve the differentiation of T-cells against Th2 and development of Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-10. The present narrative review explores the interactions between gut microflora/probiotics and the immune system starting from the general perspective of a biological plausibility to get to the in vitro and in vivo demonstrations of a probiotic-based approach up to the possible uses for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cristofori
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vanessa Nadia Dargenio
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Costantino Dargenio
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito Leonardo Miniello
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Barone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Ruggiero Francavilla
- Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Moreira CF, Cassini-Vieira P, Canesso MCC, Felipetto M, Ranfley H, Teixeira MM, Nicoli JR, Martins FS, Barcelos LS. Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC 1.3724 (LPR) Improves Skin Wound Healing and Reduces Scar Formation in Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 13:709-719. [PMID: 33433898 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09713-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Skin wounds are an important clinical problem which affects millions of people worldwide. The search for new therapeutic approaches to improve wound healing is needed. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the oral treatment with the skin-related probiotics Lactobacillus johnsonii LA1 (LJ), L. paracasei ST11 (LP), and L. rhamnosus LPR (LR) in a model of excisional skin wounds in Swiss mice. The animals received daily oral gavage of PBS or 1 × 107 colony-forming units of LJ, LP, or LR, singly, beginning just after the creation of wounds until euthanasia. Blood flow was evaluated by laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Myeloperoxidase and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activities were used to assess the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages, respectively. The wound tissue was also collected for histological analyses (H&E, Toluidine blue, and Picrosirius red staining). The macroscopic wound closure rate was faster only in mice treated with LR, but not with LJ and LP, when compared to mice treated with PBS. Histological evaluations showed that treatment with LR stimulated wound epithelization when compared to PBS. Further analyses showed that wounds from LR-treated mice presented a significant decrease in macrophage (p < 0.001) and mast cell (p < 0.001) infiltration, along with improved angiogenesis (p < 0.001) and blood flow (p < 0.01). Of note, collagen deposition and scarring were reduced in LR-treated mice when compared to PBS-treated mice. In conclusion, our results show that the oral treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus accelerates skin wound closure and reduces scar, besides to reducing inflammation and fibrogenesis and improving angiogenesis in the wounded skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Francisco Moreira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Puebla Cassini-Vieira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecília Campos Canesso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mariane Felipetto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Hedden Ranfley
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jacques Robert Nicoli
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Santos Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucíola Silva Barcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Alizadeh S, Esmaeili A, Omidi Y. Anti-cancer properties of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 against HT-29 colon cancer cells through regulation of Bax/Bcl-xL and AKT/PTEN signaling pathways. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 23:886-893. [PMID: 32774810 PMCID: PMC7395184 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2020.43016.10115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Chemotherapies used to treat colon cancer might often fail due to the emergence of chemoresistance and side effects. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a beneficial probiotic, whose molecular mechanisms in the prevention of colon cancer are yet to be fully understood. The present study assessed the anti-cancer effects of EcN treatments in human colorectal cancer, HT-29 cell line, with the analysis of related mechanisms. Materials and Methods The co-culture conditioned-media (CM) of EcN with adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells and heat-inactivated bacteria (HIB) were applied for the treatment of the HT-29 cells. To study the inhibition potential of CM and HIB on cancer cells, various cellular/molecular analyses were implemented, including DAPI-staining and DNA ladder assays, flow cytometry and Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), as well as Western blotting analyses. Results Our results indicated that EcN could elicit apoptotic impacts on the colon cancer HT-29 cells by up-regulating PTEN and Bax and down-regulating AKT1 and Bcl-xL genes. Conclusion Based on our findings, EcN is proposed as a useful supplemental probiotic treatment against colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Alizadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.,Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Esmaeili
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Rondanelli M, Lamburghini S, Faliva MA, Peroni G, Riva A, Allegrini P, Spadaccini D, Gasparri C, Iannello G, Infantino V, Alalwan TA, Perna S, Miccono A. A food pyramid, based on a review of the emerging literature, for subjects with inflammatory bowel disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 68:17-46. [PMID: 32499202 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging literature suggests that diet plays an important modulatory role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through the management of inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the evidence collected up till now regarding optimum diet therapy for IBD and to design a food pyramid for these patients. The pyramid shows that carbohydrates should be consumed every day (3 portions), together with tolerated fruits and vegetables (5 portions), yogurt (125ml), and extra virgin olive oil; weekly, fish (4 portions), white meat (3 portions), eggs (3 portions), pureed legumes (2 portions), seasoned cheeses (2 portions), and red or processed meats (once a week). At the top of the pyramid, there are two pennants: the red one means that subjects with IBD need some personalized supplementation and the black one means that there are some foods that are banned. The food pyramid makes it easier for patients to decide what they should eat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Silvia Lamburghini
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Milena A Faliva
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Unit, Indena, Milan 20146, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Spadaccini
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Iannello
- General Management, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Vittoria Infantino
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Tariq A Alalwan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Alessandra Miccono
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
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Mooren FC, Maleki BH, Pilat C, Ringseis R, Eder K, Teschler M, Krüger K. Effects of Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 on exercise-induced disruption of gastrointestinal integrity. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1591-1599. [PMID: 32399590 PMCID: PMC7295722 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) on the exercise-induced disruption of gastrointestinal (GI) integrity and the associated release of damage and inflammatory markers. METHODS After a pre-performance test, 19 untrained subjects (aged 18-35 years) passed two identical exhaustive treadmill exercise tests in an intensity corresponding to 60-80% VO2max in a test-retest design. The exercise tests were separated by a time period of 4 weeks. During this period, all subjects ingested 5 ml of an EcN suspension daily. Serum samples were taken before, immediately following and 3 h after both exercise tests. They were analyzed for indicators of GI integrity (zonulin; claudin-3; LPS), various damage and redox markers (I-FABP, GOT; GPT; TBARS) and inflammatory parameters (hsCRP; leucocytes). GI complaints were evaluated by a questionnaire. RESULTS The intake of EcN resulted in a significantly lower increase in I-FABP and TBARS after exercise (p < 0.05). In contrast, no effect of EcN supplementation was found for hsCRP and leucocyte numbers. Similarly, no differences were found for levels of zonulin and claudin-3. Exercise-associated GI complaints were not affected by the probiotic supplement. CONCLUSION The probiotic EcN reduced the exercise-associated increase in oxidative stress. This antioxidative mechanism probably leads to a reduction of GI epithelial damage after exhaustive exercise. The lack of EcN effects on other markers of GI permeability and systemic inflammation is most likely due to an inadequate exercise load, with rather small and insignificant exercise effects on these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Mooren
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| | - B H Maleki
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - C Pilat
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - R Ringseis
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - K Eder
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Teschler
- Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - K Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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Komaki S, Haque A, Miyazaki H, Matsumoto T, Nakamura S. Unexpected effect of probiotics by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis against colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium in mice. J Infect Chemother 2020; 26:549-553. [PMID: 32122783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a representative intestinal chronic inflammatory disease whose incidence is rapidly increasing worldwide. It was previously shown that some specific probiotics help to guard against UC. In this study, we analyzed the effect of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis JCM5805 (L. lactis), which has been put to practical use as a probiotic, on the pathogenesis of UC using a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse model. Survival rate, length, and histopathological parameters of the colon were elucidated. Further, the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in serum were measured. As a result, the oral administration of high-dose L. lactis showed significant decreases in survival rate and colon length. Histopathological analysis showed that a bleeding appearance was observed in the L. lactis group, and the histology scores in the L. lactis group were significantly higher than those in the normal saline group. Furthermore, the levels of interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6 were significantly elevated in the L. lactis group. These results support that high-dose administration of L. lactis deteriorates intestinal inflammation and suggest that the careful selection of probiotics strains and administration dose is important for improving colitis including UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichirou Komaki
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Anwarul Haque
- International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Kozunomori 4-3, Narita City, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Haruko Miyazaki
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Matsumoto
- International University of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, Kozunomori 4-3, Narita City, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Shigeki Nakamura
- Department of Microbiology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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Luo X, Song H, Yang J, Han B, Feng Y, Leng Y, Chen Z. Encapsulation of Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 in a chitosan-alginate matrix by combining layer-by-layer assembly with CaCl 2 cross-linking for an effective treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 189:110818. [PMID: 32018138 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) has been widely shown to effectively treat inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Unfortunately, after oral administration, EcN viability dramatically decreases due to severe environmental factors, including low gastric pH, temperature and osmotic pressure. To address these challenges and improve oral bio-availability, this study utilized layer-by-layer assembly (LbL) and ionic cross-linking with CaCl2 as a method of EcN encapsulation (GEcN). Upon examination, GEcN cells were shown to maintain their ability to grow and proliferate, but had a slightly longer stationary phase (10 h) relative to free EcN (4 h). When exposed to simulated gastric fluid (SGF), a higher number of GEcN cells survived up to 12 h when compared to the other groups. To assess the therapeutic effect of EcN encapsulation in vivo, a TNBS-induced colitis rat model was established. When compared with the oral administration of free EcN, GEcN exhibited a significantly enhanced anti-inflammatory effect. Furthermore, GEcN treatment showed a lower disease activity index (DAI), decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (MPO, TNF-α, IL-6) and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine expression (IL-10). Additionally, rats that received GEcN had much higher ZO-1 expression levels. These results suggest that EcN encapsulation in a chitosan-alginate matrix when utilizing the LbL assembly with CaCl2 cross-linking can improve probiotic viability in a gastric environmental and thereby offer a more effective treatment for IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Luo
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Haixing Song
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Biotechnology College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Biotechnology College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Bin Han
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Ye Feng
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Yanbing Leng
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China.
| | - Zhaoqiong Chen
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, PR China.
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Molina-Tijeras JA, Gálvez J, Rodríguez-Cabezas ME. The Immunomodulatory Properties of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Probiotics: A Novel Approach for the Management of Gastrointestinal Diseases. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1038. [PMID: 31075872 PMCID: PMC6567093 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics, included in functional foods, nutritional supplements, or nutraceuticals, exhibit different beneficial effects on gut function. They are extensively used to improve the digestive processes as well as reduce the symptoms and progression of different diseases. Probiotics have shown to improve dysbiosis and modulate the immune response of the host by interacting with different cell types. Probiotics and the host can interact in a direct way, but it is becoming apparent that communication occurs also through extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from probiotics. EVs are key for bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host interactions, since they carry a wide variety of components that can modulate different signaling pathways, including those involved in the immune response. Interestingly, EVs are recently starting to be considered as an alternative to probiotics in those cases for which the use of live bacteria could be dangerous, such as immunocompromised individuals or situations where the intestinal barrier is impaired. EVs can spread through the mucus layer and interact with the host, avoiding the risk of sepsis. This review summarizes the existing knowledge about EVs from different probiotic strains, their properties, and their potential use for the prevention or treatment of different gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Alberto Molina-Tijeras
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18071-Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada 18012, Spain.
| | - Julio Gálvez
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18071-Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada 18012, Spain.
| | - Maria Elena Rodríguez-Cabezas
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18071-Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada 18012, Spain.
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Quigley EMM. Prebiotics and Probiotics in Digestive Health. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:333-344. [PMID: 30267869 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As the importance of the gut microbiota in health and disease is increasingly recognized interest in interventions that can modulate the microbiota and its interactions with its host has soared. Apart from diet, prebiotics and probiotics represent the most commonly used substances taken in an effort to sustain a healthy microbiome or restore balance when it is believed bacterial homeostasis has been disturbed in disease. While a considerable volume of basic science attests to the ability of various prebiotic molecules and probiotic strains to beneficially influence host immune responses, metabolic processes and neuro-endocrine pathways, the evidence base from human studies leaves much to be desired. This translational gap owes much to the manner in which this sector is regulated but also speaks to the challenges that confront the investigator who seeks to explore microbiota modulation in either healthy populations or those who suffer from common digestive ailments. For many products marketed as probiotics, some of the most fundamental issues relating to quality control, such as characterization, formulation, viability safety are scarcely addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn M M Quigley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lynda K. and David M. Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital and Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, Texas.
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Kittana H, Gomes-Neto JC, Heck K, Geis AL, Segura Muñoz RR, Cody LA, Schmaltz RJ, Bindels LB, Sinha R, Hostetter JM, Benson AK, Ramer-Tait AE. Commensal Escherichia coli Strains Can Promote Intestinal Inflammation via Differential Interleukin-6 Production. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2318. [PMID: 30356663 PMCID: PMC6189283 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a facultative anaerobic symbiont found widely among mammalian gastrointestinal tracts. Several human studies have reported increased commensal E. coli abundance in the intestine during inflammation; however, host immunological responses toward commensal E. coli during inflammation are not well-defined. Here, we show that colonization of gnotobiotic mice with different genotypes of commensal E. coli isolated from healthy conventional microbiota mice and representing distinct populations of E. coli elicited strain-specific disease phenotypes and immunopathological changes following treatment with the inflammatory stimulus, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Production of the inflammatory cytokines GM-CSF, IL-6, and IFN-γ was a hallmark of the severe inflammation induced by E. coli strains of Sequence Type 129 (ST129) and ST375 following DSS administration. In contrast, colonization with E. coli strains ST150 and ST468 caused mild intestinal inflammation and triggered only low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, a response indistinguishable from that of E. coli-free control mice treated with DSS. The disease development observed with ST129 and ST375 colonization was not directly associated with their abundance in the GI tract as their levels did not change throughout DSS treatment, and no major differences in bacterial burden in the gut were observed among the strains tested. Data mining and in vivo neutralization identified IL-6 as a key cytokine responsible for the observed differential disease severity. Collectively, our results show that the capacity to exacerbate acute intestinal inflammation is a strain-specific trait that can potentially be overcome by blocking the pro-inflammatory immune responses that mediate intestinal tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Kittana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - João Carlos Gomes-Neto
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Kari Heck
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Abby L. Geis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Rafael R. Segura Muñoz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Liz A. Cody
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Robert J. Schmaltz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Laure B. Bindels
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Rohita Sinha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Jesse M. Hostetter
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Andrew K. Benson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Amanda E. Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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31
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Singh AK, Hertzberger RY, Knaus UG. Hydrogen peroxide production by lactobacilli promotes epithelial restitution during colitis. Redox Biol 2018; 16:11-20. [PMID: 29471162 PMCID: PMC5835490 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, characterized by cycles of acute flares, recovery and remission phases. Treatments for accelerating tissue restitution and prolonging remission are scarce, but altering the microbiota composition to promote intestinal homeostasis is considered a safe, economic and promising approach. Although probiotic bacteria have not yet fulfilled fully their promise in clinical trials, understanding the mechanism of how they exert beneficial effects will permit devising improved therapeutic strategies. Here we probe if one of the defining features of lactobacilli, the ability to generate nanomolar H2O2, contributes to their beneficial role in colitis. H2O2 generation by wild type L. johnsonii was modified by either deleting or overexpressing the enzymatic H2O2 source(s) followed by orally administering the bacteria before and during DSS colitis. Boosting luminal H2O2 concentrations within a physiological range accelerated recovery from colitis, while significantly exceeding this H2O2 level triggered bacteraemia. This study supports a role for increasing H2O2 within the physiological range at the epithelial barrier, independently of the enzymatic source and/or delivery mechanism, for inducing recovery and remission in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Singh
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rosanne Y Hertzberger
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; NIZO Food Research, Ede, The Netherlands
| | - Ulla G Knaus
- Conway Institute, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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32
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Rodríguez-Nogales A, Algieri F, Garrido-Mesa J, Vezza T, Utrilla MP, Chueca N, Fernández-Caballero JA, García F, Rodríguez-Cabezas ME, Gálvez J. The Administration of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 Ameliorates Development of DSS-Induced Colitis in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:468. [PMID: 29867475 PMCID: PMC5958303 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of probiotics on immune-based pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been well reported. However, their exact mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Few studies have focused on the impact of probiotics on the composition of the colonic microbiota. The aim of the present study was to correlate the intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model of mouse colitis with the changes induced in colonic microbiota populations. EcN prevented the DSS-induced colonic damage, as evidenced by lower disease activity index (DAI) values and colonic weight/length ratio, when compared with untreated control mice. The beneficial effects were confirmed biochemically, since the probiotic treatment improved the colonic expression of different cytokines and proteins involved in epithelial integrity. In addition, it restored the expression of different micro-RNAs (miR-143, miR-150, miR-155, miR-223, and miR-375) involved in the inflammatory response that occurs in colitic mice. Finally, the characterization of the colonic microbiota by pyrosequencing showed that the probiotic administration was able to counteract the dysbiosis associated with the intestinal inflammatory process. This effect was evidenced by an increase in bacterial diversity in comparison with untreated colitic mice. The intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of the probiotic EcN were associated with an amelioration of the altered gut microbiome in mouse experimental colitis, especially when considering bacterial diversity, which is reduced in these intestinal conditions. Moreover, this probiotic has shown an ability to modulate expression levels of miRNAs and different mediators of the immune response involved in gut inflammation. This modulation could also be of great interest to understand the mechanism of action of this probiotic in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Rodríguez-Nogales
- CIBEREHD, Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francesca Algieri
- CIBEREHD, Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Garrido-Mesa
- CIBEREHD, Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Vezza
- CIBEREHD, Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria P Utrilla
- CIBEREHD, Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Chueca
- Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose A Fernández-Caballero
- Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Federico García
- Department of Microbiology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Maria E Rodríguez-Cabezas
- CIBEREHD, Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Gálvez
- CIBEREHD, Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Martín R, Chain F, Miquel S, Motta JP, Vergnolle N, Sokol H, Langella P. Using murine colitis models to analyze probiotics-host interactions. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018; 41:S49-S70. [PMID: 28830096 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are defined as 'live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host'. So, to consider a microorganism as a probiotic, a demonstrable beneficial effect on the health host should be shown as well as an adequate defined safety status and the capacity to survive transit through the gastrointestinal tract and to storage conditions. In this review, we present an overview of the murine colitis models currently employed to test the beneficial effect of the probiotic strains as well as an overview of the probiotics already tested. Our aim is to highlight both the importance of the adequate selection of the animal model to test the potential probiotic strains and of the value of the knowledge generated by these in vivo tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Martín
- INRA, Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Florian Chain
- INRA, Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sylvie Miquel
- Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement (LMGE), UMR CNRS 6023, Université Clermont-Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Department of Biological Science, Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, AB T3E 4N1, Canada.,IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- IRSD, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRA, ENVT, UPS, F-31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Harry Sokol
- INRA, Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.,Sorbonne University - Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), 75252 Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) Equipe de Recherche Labélisée (ERL) 1157, Avenir Team Gut Microbiota and Immunity, 75012 Paris, France.,Department of Gastroenterology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hopitaux de Paris, UPMC, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Langella
- INRA, Commensals and Probiotics-Host Interactions Laboratory, Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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34
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Yu YJ, Wang XH, Fan GC. Versatile effects of bacterium-released membrane vesicles on mammalian cells and infectious/inflammatory diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:514-533. [PMID: 28858295 PMCID: PMC5888691 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacterium-released outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) and Gram-positive bacterium-released membrane vesicles (MVs) share significant similarities with mammalian cell-derived MVs (eg, microvesicles and exosomes) in terms of structure and their biological activities. Recent studies have revealed that bacterial OMVs/MVs could (1) interact with immune cells to regulate inflammatory responses, (2) transport virulence factors (eg, enzymes, DNA and small RNAs) to host cells and result in cell injury, (3) enhance barrier function by stimulating the expression of tight junction proteins in intestinal epithelial cells, (4) upregulate the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules, and (5) serve as natural nanocarriers for immunogenic antigens, enzyme support and drug delivery. In addition, OMVs/MVs can enter the systemic circulation and induce a variety of immunological and metabolic responses. This review highlights the recent advances in the understanding of OMV/MV biogenesis and their compositional remodeling. In addition, interactions between OMVs/MVs and various types of mammalian cells (ie, immune cells, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells) and their pathological/preventive effects on infectious/inflammatory diseases are summarized. Finally, methods for engineering OMVs/MVs and their therapeutic potential are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-jiang Yu
- Medical College of Yangzhou Polytechnic College, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiao-hong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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35
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Abstract
Evidence indicates that the gut microbiota and/or interactions between the microbiota and the host immune system are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Strategies that target the microbiota have emerged as potential therapies and, of these, probiotics have gained the greatest attention. Data derived from animal models of IBD have revealed the potential of several bacterial strains to modify the natural history of IBD. However, thought there is some evidence for efficacy in ulcerative colitis and in pouchitis, in particular, there has been little indication that probiotics exert any benefit in Crohn disease. More targeted approaches involving live bacteria, genetically modified bacteria, and bacterial products are now being evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bincy P Abraham
- Fondren Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, 6550 Fannin Street, SM 1201, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, 6550 Fannin Street, SM 1201, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eamonn M M Quigley
- Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, 6550 Fannin Street, SM 1201, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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36
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Llewellyn A, Foey A. Probiotic Modulation of Innate Cell Pathogen Sensing and Signaling Events. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1156. [PMID: 29065562 PMCID: PMC5691772 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence documenting probiotic bacteria to have a beneficial effect to the host through their ability to modulate the mucosal immune system. Many probiotic bacteria can be considered to act as either immune activators or immune suppressors, which have appreciable influence on homeostasis, inflammatory- and suppressive-immunopathology. What is becoming apparent is the ability of these probiotics to modulate innate immune responses via direct or indirect effects on the signaling pathways that drive these activatory or suppressive/tolerogenic mechanisms. This review will focus on the immunomodulatory role of probiotics on signaling pathways in innate immune cells: from positive to negative regulation associated with innate immune cells driving gut mucosal functionality. Research investigations have shown probiotics to modulate innate functionality in many ways including, receptor antagonism, receptor expression, binding to and expression of adaptor proteins, expression of negative regulatory signal molecules, induction of micro-RNAs, endotoxin tolerisation and finally, the secretion of immunomodulatory proteins, lipids and metabolites. The detailed understanding of the immunomodulatory signaling effects of probiotic strains will facilitate strain-specific selective manipulation of innate cell signal mechanisms in the modulation of mucosal adjuvanticity, immune deviation and tolerisation in both healthy subjects and patients with inflammatory and suppressive pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Llewellyn
- School of Biomedical & Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine & Dentistry, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
- Menzies School of Health Research, John Mathews Building (Building 58), Royal Darwin Hospital Campus, PO Box 41096, Casuarina NT0811, Australia.
| | - Andrew Foey
- School of Biomedical & Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine & Dentistry, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
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37
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE During the last decade, experimental and observational studies have shown that patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) may have an altered intestinal microbial composition compared with healthy individuals. However, no uniform microbial signature has as yet been detected for either IBD or IBS. This review summarizes the current knowledge of microbial dysbiosis and its potential relationship to the pathophysiology in IBD and IBS. METHODS A selective review was conducted to summarize the current knowledge of gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of IBD and IBS. RESULTS Experimental and observational studies provide good evidence for intestinal microbial dysbiosis in subgroups of IBD and IBS. Still, no uniform disease pattern has been detected. This is most likely due to the heterogeneous nature of IBD and IBS, in combination with the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Such intrinsic factors include genetics, the gastrointestinal environment, and the host immune system, whereas extrinsic factors include early life diet, breastfeeding, and method of infant delivery. CONCLUSIONS Recent and ongoing work to define microbial dysbiosis in IBD and IBS shows promise, but future well-designed studies with well-characterized study individuals are needed. It is likely that the microbial dysbiosis in IBD and IBS is dependent on the natural disease course of IBD and symptom pattern in IBS. Therefore, assessment of the entire microbiota along the gastrointestinal tract, in relationship to confounding factors, symptom fluctuations, and other pathophysiological factors, is needed for further understanding of the etiology of these common diseases.
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Sandes S, Alvim L, Silva B, Acurcio L, Santos C, Campos M, Santos C, Nicoli J, Neumann E, Nunes Á. Selection of new lactic acid bacteria strains bearing probiotic features from mucosal microbiota of healthy calves: Looking for immunobiotics through in vitro and in vivo approaches for immunoprophylaxis applications. Microbiol Res 2017; 200:1-13. [PMID: 28527759 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
From the birth, since their mucosal microbiota and immune system are not fully developed, newborn calves are susceptible to several mucosal pathogenic microorganisms. Operating through humoral and non-humoral mechanisms in the host, several lactic acid bacteria strains bearing probiotic features are often employed in livestock as food supplement, improving animal production performance, promoting health and reducing the severity of mucosal infections. Accordingly, we isolated, species-level identified and screened for their probiotic potentials seventy lactic acid bacteria strains from upper airway, vaginal and intestinal mucosa of healthy calves. Based on in vitro approaches, we selected three strains: Lactobacillus fermentum V3B-08 isolated from upper airway mucosa, Weissella hellenica V1V-30 isolated from vaginal mucosa and Lactobacillus farciminis B4F-06 isolated from intestinal mucosa were used to mono-colonize germ-free mice in the same site in which these strains were isolated, aiming to characterize their immunomodulatory features. These strains were able to colonize germ-free mice mucosa and trigger sIgA synthesis at a local level, in addition to stimulating, in different ways, adaptive immune responses at a systemic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sávio Sandes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luige Alvim
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Acurcio
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cinara Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcia Campos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila Santos
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jacques Nicoli
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Neumann
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Campus Pampulha, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Indrelid S, Kleiveland C, Holst R, Jacobsen M, Lea T. The Soil Bacterium Methylococcus capsulatus Bath Interacts with Human Dendritic Cells to Modulate Immune Function. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:320. [PMID: 28293233 PMCID: PMC5329024 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased in Western countries during the course of the twentieth century, and is evolving to be a global disease. Recently we showed that a bacterial meal of a non-commensal, non-pathogenic methanotrophic soil bacterium, Methylococcus capsulatus Bath prevents experimentally induced colitis in a murine model of IBD. The mechanism behind the effect has this far not been identified. Here, for the first time we show that M. capsulatus, a soil bacterium adheres specifically to human dendritic cells, influencing DC maturation, cytokine production, and subsequent T cell activation, proliferation and differentiation. We characterize the immune modulatory properties of M. capsulatus and compare its immunological properties to those of another Gram-negative gammaproteobacterium, the commensal Escherichia coli K12, and the immune modulatory Gram-positive probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in vitro. M. capsulatus induces intermediate phenotypic and functional DC maturation. In a mixed lymphocyte reaction M. capsulatus-primed monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDCs) enhance T cell expression of CD25, the γ-chain of the high affinity IL-2 receptor, supports cell proliferation, and induce a T cell cytokine profile different from both E. coli K12 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. M. capsulatus Bath thus interacts specifically with MoDC, affecting MoDC maturation, cytokine profile, and subsequent MoDC directed T cell polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Indrelid
- Research and Innovation, Østfold Hospital TrustKalnes, Norway; Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life SciencesAas, Norway
| | - Charlotte Kleiveland
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences Aas, Norway
| | - René Holst
- Research and Innovation, Østfold Hospital Trust Kalnes, Norway
| | - Morten Jacobsen
- Research and Innovation, Østfold Hospital TrustKalnes, Norway; Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life SciencesAas, Norway
| | - Tor Lea
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences Aas, Norway
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Shigemori S, Shimosato T. Applications of Genetically Modified Immunobiotics with High Immunoregulatory Capacity for Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Front Immunol 2017; 8:22. [PMID: 28179904 PMCID: PMC5263139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, are chronic inflammatory diseases characterized by dysregulated immune responses of the gastrointestinal tract. In recent years, the incidence of IBDs has increased in developed nations, but their prophylaxis/treatment is not yet established. Site-directed delivery of molecules showing anti-inflammatory properties using genetically modified (gm)-probiotics shows promise as a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of IBD. Advantages of gm-probiotics include (1) the ability to use bacteria as a delivery vehicle, enabling safe and long-term use by humans, (2) decreased risks of side effects, and (3) reduced costs. The intestinal delivery of anti-inflammatory proteins such as cytokines and enzymes using Lactococcus lactis has been shown to regulate host intestinal homeostasis depending on the delivered protein-specific machinery. Additionally, clinical experience using interleukin 10-secreting Lc. lactis has been shown to be safe and to facilitate biological containment in IBD therapy. On the other hand, some preclinical studies have demonstrated that gm-strains of immunobiotics (probiotic strains able to beneficially regulate the mucosal immunity) provide beneficial effects on intestinal inflammation as a result of the synergy between the immunoregulatory effects of the bacterium itself and the anti-inflammatory effects of the delivered recombinant proteins. In this review, we discuss the rapid progression in the development of strategies for the prophylaxis and treatment of IBD using gm-probiotics that exhibit immune regulation effects (gm-immunobiotics). In particular, we discuss the type of strains used as delivery agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Shigemori
- Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimosato
- Department of Interdisciplinary Genome Sciences and Cell Metabolism, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan; Supramolecular Complexes Unit, Research Center for Fungal and Microbial Dynamism, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
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41
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Alvarez CS, Badia J, Bosch M, Giménez R, Baldomà L. Outer Membrane Vesicles and Soluble Factors Released by Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and Commensal ECOR63 Enhance Barrier Function by Regulating Expression of Tight Junction Proteins in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1981. [PMID: 28018313 PMCID: PMC5156689 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal epithelial layer forms a physical and biochemical barrier that maintains the segregation between host and intestinal microbiota. The integrity of this barrier is critical in maintaining homeostasis in the body and its dysfunction is linked to a variety of illnesses, especially inflammatory bowel disease. Gut microbes, and particularly probiotic bacteria, modulate the barrier integrity by reducing gut permeability and reinforcing tight junctions. Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a good colonizer of the human gut with proven therapeutic efficacy in the remission of ulcerative colitis in humans. EcN positively modulates the intestinal epithelial barrier through upregulation and redistribution of the tight junction proteins ZO-1, ZO-2 and claudin-14. Upregulation of claudin-14 has been attributed to the secreted protein TcpC. Whether regulation of ZO-1 and ZO-2 is mediated by EcN secreted factors remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore whether outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released by EcN strengthen the epithelial barrier. This study includes other E. coli strains of human intestinal origin that contain the tcpC gene, such as ECOR63. Cell-free supernatants collected from the wild-type strains and from the derived tcpC mutants were fractionated into isolated OMVs and soluble secreted factors. The impact of these extracellular fractions on the epithelial barrier was evaluated by measuring transepithelial resistance and expression of several tight junction proteins in T-84 and Caco-2 polarized monolayers. Our results show that the strengthening activity of EcN and ECOR63 does not exclusively depend on TcpC. Both OMVs and soluble factors secreted by these strains promote upregulation of ZO-1 and claudin-14, and down-regulation of claudin-2. The OMVs-mediated effects are TcpC-independent. Soluble secreted TcpC contributes to the upregulation of ZO-1 and claudin-14, but this protein has no effect on the transcriptional regulation of claudin-2. Thus, in addition to OMVs and TcpC, other active factors released by these microbiota strains contribute to the reinforcement of the epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina-Shianya Alvarez
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan De DéuBarcelona, Spain
| | - Josefa Badia
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan De DéuBarcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Bosch
- Unitat de Microscòpia Òptica Avançada, Centres Científics i Tecnològics, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Giménez
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan De DéuBarcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Baldomà
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain; Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan De DéuBarcelona, Spain
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