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Wang H, Tang J, Lv J, Wang X, Sun H. Physiological and transcriptomic insights into sugar stress resistance in osmophilic yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. Food Microbiol 2024; 117:104395. [PMID: 37919004 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The osmophilic yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii has attracted increasing attention for its ability to survive and grow in extremely high sugar environments. This trait determines its role in fermentation process and results in contamination in the food industry. However, the behavior of Z. rouxii in regulating cell metabolism to combat high sugar stress and the corresponding mechanism have not been completely elucidated. Here, the resistance strategies of Z. rouxii against high glucose stress were explored by physiological analysis at cell membrane level and transcriptomic analysis. Physiological analysis showed that under high glucose stress, colony transparency increased, cell volume decreased, which was accompanied by reduction in permeability and integrity of cell membrane and subsequent gradual recovering. Additionally, the proportion of ergosterol and unsaturated fatty acids in cell membrane significantly increased under high glucose stress. A comparison of transcriptome data showed that most of the obtained differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in ergosterol and linoleic acid synthesis pathways as well as cell wall integrity (CWI) and high osmolarity glycerol mitogen-activated protein kinase (HOG-MAPK) pathways, which was in line with the results of physiological data. Our results provided a theoretic basis to develop the process control for the production of high sugar foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huxuan Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China.
| | - Jingqi Tang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Jiayao Lv
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Xuanzhi Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
| | - Hongmin Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, China
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Kimani BG, Takó M, Veres C, Krisch J, Papp T, Kerekes EB, Vágvölgyi C. Activity of Binary Combinations of Natural Phenolics and Synthetic Food Preservatives against Food Spoilage Yeasts. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061338. [PMID: 36981264 PMCID: PMC10048113 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds are a suitable alternative to synthetic food preservatives due to their natural origin and health-promoting properties. In the current study, phenolic-phenolic and phenolic-synthetic combinations were tested for their antibiofilm formation, anti-planktonic growth, and anti-adhesion properties against Debaryomyces hansenii, Wickerhamomyces anomalus (formerly Pichia anomala), Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The phenolics were vanillin and cinnamic acid, while the synthetic preservatives were sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, and sodium diacetate. The vanillin-cinnamic acid combination had synergistic effect in all the tested yeasts for the biofilm inhibition with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of ≤0.19 for W. anomalus, 0.25 for S. pombe, 0.31 for S. cerevisiae, and 0.5 for D. hansenii. Most of the phenolic-synthetic combinations had indifferent interaction regarding biofilm formation. The vanillin-cinnamic acid combination also had higher activity against spoilage yeasts adhesion on the abiotic surface and planktonic growth compared to the phenolic-synthetic combinations. For the phenolic-synthetic anti-planktonic activity, synergistic interaction was present in all the vanillin-synthetic combinations in S. pombe, vanillin-sodium benzoate and vanillin-potassium sorbate in S. cerevisiae, vanillin-sodium benzoate in W. anomalus, and cinnamic acid-sodium diacetate in S. pombe. These results suggest a novel antimicrobial strategy that may broaden the antimicrobial spectrum and reduce compound toxicity against food spoilage yeasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Gitura Kimani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Miklós Takó
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Veres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Judit Krisch
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, Mars tér 7, H-6724 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Papp
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- ELKH-SZTE Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Beáta Kerekes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
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Ochoa-Gutiérrez D, Reyes-Torres AM, de la Fuente-Colmenares I, Escobar-Sánchez V, González J, Ortiz-Hernández R, Torres-Ramírez N, Segal-Kischinevzky C. Alternative CUG Codon Usage in the Halotolerant Yeast Debaryomyces hansenii: Gene Expression Profiles Provide New Insights into Ambiguous Translation. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090970. [PMID: 36135695 PMCID: PMC9502446 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The halotolerant yeast Debaryomyces hansenii belongs to the CTG-Ser1 clade of fungal species that use the CUG codon to translate as leucine or serine. The ambiguous decoding of the CUG codon is relevant for expanding protein diversity, but little is known about the role of leucine–serine ambiguity in cellular adaptations to extreme environments. Here, we examine sequences and structures of tRNACAG from the CTG-Ser1 clade yeasts, finding that D. hansenii conserves the elements to translate ambiguously. Then, we show that D. hansenii has tolerance to conditions of salinity, acidity, alkalinity, and oxidative stress associated with phenotypic and ultrastructural changes. In these conditions, we found differential expression in both the logarithmic and stationary growth phases of tRNASer, tRNALeu, tRNACAG, LeuRS, and SerRS genes that could be involved in the adaptive process of this yeast. Finally, we compare the proteomic isoelectric points and hydropathy profiles, detecting that the most important variations among the physicochemical characteristics of D. hansenii proteins are in their hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions with the medium. We propose that the ambiguous translation, i.e., leucylation or serynation, on translation of the CUG-encoded residues, could be linked to adaptation processes in extreme environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ochoa-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad # 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad # 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Anya M. Reyes-Torres
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad # 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Ileana de la Fuente-Colmenares
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad # 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Viviana Escobar-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad # 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - James González
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad # 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Rosario Ortiz-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad # 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Nayeli Torres-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad # 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Claudia Segal-Kischinevzky
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad # 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Responses of Issatchenkia terricola WJL-G4 upon Citric Acid Stress. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092664. [PMID: 35566015 PMCID: PMC9102369 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the responses of a novel characterized Issatchenkia terricola WJL-G4 against citric acid stress by performing physiological analysis, morphology observation, and structural and membrane fatty acid composition analysis. The results showed that under citric acid stress, the cell vitality of I. terricola WJL-G4 was reduced. The cell morphology changed with the unclear, uncompleted and thinner cell wall, and degraded the cell structure. When the citric acid concentration was 20 g/L, I. terricola WJL-G4 could tolerate citric acid and maintain the cell structure by increasing the intracellular pH, superoxide dismutase activity, and contents of unsaturated fatty acids. As the citric acid concentration was ≥80 g/L, the stress has exceeded the cellular anti-stress ability, causing substantial cell damage. The cell membrane permeability, the content of membrane lipids, malondialdehyde and superoxide anion increased, but the intracellular pH and superoxide dismutase activities decreased, accompanying the increase of citric acid concentrations. The findings of this work provided a theoretical basis for the responsive mechanism of I. terricola WJL-G4 under high concentrations of citric acid, and can serve as a reference for biological acid reduction in fruit processing.
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Navarrete C, Sánchez BJ, Savickas S, Martínez JL. DebaryOmics: an integrative -omics study to understand the halophilic behaviour of Debaryomyces hansenii. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:1133-1151. [PMID: 34739747 PMCID: PMC8966029 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Debaryomyces hansenii is a non-conventional yeast considered to be a well-suited option for a number of different industrial bioprocesses. It exhibits a set of beneficial traits (halotolerant, oleaginous, xerotolerant, inhibitory compounds resistant) which translates to a number of advantages for industrial fermentation setups when compared to traditional hosts. Although D. hansenii has been highly studied during the last three decades, especially in regards to its salt-tolerant character, the molecular mechanisms underlying this natural tolerance should be further investigated in order to broadly use this yeast in biotechnological processes. In this work, we performed a series of chemostat cultivations in controlled bioreactors where D. hansenii (CBS 767) was grown in the presence of either 1M NaCl or KCl and studied the transcriptomic and (phospho)proteomic profiles. Our results show that sodium and potassium trigger different responses at both expression and regulation of protein activity levels and also complemented previous reports pointing to specific cellular processes as key players in halotolerance, moreover providing novel information about the specific genes involved in each process. The phosphoproteomic analysis, the first of this kind ever reported in D. hansenii, also implicated a novel and yet uncharacterized cation transporter in the response to high sodium concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Navarrete
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Building 223, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Benjamín J Sánchez
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Building 223, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Simonas Savickas
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Building 223, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - José L Martínez
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads Building 223, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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Wang D, Chen H, Yang H, Yao S, Wu C. Incorporation of Exogenous Fatty Acids Enhances the Salt Tolerance of Food Yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10301-10310. [PMID: 34449211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids have great effects on the maintenance of the cell membrane structure, cell viability, and cell metabolisms. In this study, we sought to elucidate the effects of exogenous fatty acids on the salt tolerance of food yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. Results showed that Z. rouxii can grow by using exogenous fatty acids (C12:0, C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, and C18:2) as the sole carbon source. Four fatty acids (C12:0, C16:0, C16:1, and C18:1) can improve the salt tolerance of cells, enhance the formation of the cell biofilm, regulate the chemical compositions, restore growth in the presence of cerulenin, regulate the contents of membrane fatty acids, and control the expression of key genes in the fatty acid metabolism. Our results reveal that Z. rouxii can synthesize membrane fatty acids from exogenous fatty acids and the supplementation of these fatty acids can override the need for de novo fatty acid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingkang Wang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Huan Yang
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shangjie Yao
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chongde Wu
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Ke M, Ye Y, Li Y, Zhou Z, Xu N, Feng L, Zhang J, Lu T, Cai Z, Qian H. Leaf metabolic influence of glyphosate and nanotubes on the Arabidopsis thaliana phyllosphere. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 106:66-75. [PMID: 34210440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exposure can indirectly affect leaf microbiota communities, but the mechanism driving this phenomenon remains largely unknown. Results revealed that the co-exposure of glyphosate and multi-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) caused a synergistic inhibitory effect on the growth and metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana shoots. However, only a slight inhibitory effect was induced by nanotubes or glyphosate alone at the tested concentrations. Several intermediate metabolites of nitrogen metabolism and fatty acid synthesis pathways were upregulated under the combined treatment, which increased the amount of energy required to alleviate the disruption caused by the combined treatment. Additionally, compared with the two individual treatments, the glyphosate/nanotube combination treatment induced greater fluctuations in the phyllosphere bacterial community members with low abundance (relative abundance (RA) <1%) at both the family and genus levels, and among these bacteria some plant growth promotion and nutrient supplement related bacteria were markable increased. Strikingly, strong correlations between phyllosphere bacterial diversity and metabolites suggested a potential role of leaf metabolism, particularly nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism, in restricting the range of leaf microbial taxa. These correlations between phyllosphere bacterial diversity and leaf metabolism will improve our understanding of plant-microbe interactions and the extent of their drivers of variation and the underlying causes of variability in bacterial community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Ke
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yizhi Ye
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhigao Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Nuohan Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Lan Feng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cai
- Laboratory of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Life Science, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China.
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Navarrete C, Frost AT, Ramos-Moreno L, Krum MR, Martínez JL. A physiological characterization in controlled bioreactors reveals a novel survival strategy for Debaryomyces hansenii at high salinity. Yeast 2021; 38:302-315. [PMID: 33305394 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Debaryomyces hansenii is traditionally described as a halotolerant non-conventional yeast and has served as a model organism for the study of osmotolerance and salt tolerance mechanisms in eukaryotic systems for the past 30 years. However, unraveling of D. hansenii's biotechnological potential has always been difficult due to the persistent limitations in the availability of efficient molecular tools described for this yeast. Additionally, there is a lack of consensus and contradictory information along the recent years that limits a comprehensive understanding of its central carbon metabolism, mainly due to a lack of physiological studies in controlled and monitored environments. Moreover, there is little consistency in the culture conditions (media composition, temperature, and pH among others) used by different groups, which makes it complicated when trying to get prevalent conclusions on behavioral patterns. In this work, we present for the first time a characterization of D. hansenii in batch cultivations using highly controlled lab-scale bioreactors. Our findings contribute to a more complete picture of the central carbon metabolism and the external pH influence on the yeast's ability to tolerate high Na+ and K+ concentrations, pointing to a differential effect of both salts, as well as a positive effect in cell performance when low environmental pH values are combined with a high sodium concentration in the media. Finally, a novel survival strategy at very high salinity (2 M) is proposed for this yeast, as well as potential outcomes for its use in industrial biotechnology applications. TAKE AWAY: High salt concentrations stimulate respiration in Debaryomyces hansenii. Sodium exerts a stronger positive impact on cell performance than potassium. μmax is higher at a combination of low pH, high salt, and high temperature. Concentrations of 2 M salt result in slower growth but increased biomass yield. The positive effect of salts is enhanced at low glucose concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Navarrete
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - August T Frost
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Laura Ramos-Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Campus de Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Mette R Krum
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - José L Martínez
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Fedoseeva EV, Danilova OA, Ianutsevich EA, Terekhova VA, Tereshina VM. Micromycete Lipids and Stress. Microbiology (Reading) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261721010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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10
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The Effects of NaCl and Temperature on Growth and Survival of Yeast Strains Isolated from Danish Cheese Brines. Curr Microbiol 2020; 77:3377-3384. [PMID: 32936341 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-020-02185-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Yeasts play an important role in cheese making, by contributing to microbial community establishment and improving flavor. This study aimed at investigating the impact of NaCl and temperature on growth and survival of 20 strains belonging to the yeast species Candida intermedia (2 strains), Debaryomyces hansenii (11), Kluyveromyces lactis (1), Papiliotrema flavescens (1), Rhodotorula glutinis (1), Sterigmatomyces halophilus (2) and Yamadazyma triangularis (2) isolated from Danish cheese brines. All yeasts could grow in Malt Yeast Glucose Peptone (MYGP) medium with low NaCl (≤ 4%, w/v) concentrations at 25 °C and 16 °C. Further, none of the strains, except for one strain of D. hansenii (KU-9), were able to grow under a condition mimicking cheese brine (MYGP with 23% (w/v) NaCl and 6.3 g/L lactate) at 25 °C, while all yeasts could grow at 16 °C, except for the two strains of C. intermedia. In the survival experiment, D. hansenii, S. halophilus and Y. triangularis survived in MYGP with 23% (w/v) NaCl throughout 13.5 days at 25 °C, with Y. triangularis and S. halophilus being the most NaCl tolerant, while the remaining yeasts survived for less than 7 days. These results enable the selection of relevant yeasts from cheese brines for potential use in the cheese industry.
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11
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Ji H, Xu K, Dong X, Sun D, Peng R, Lin S, Zhang K, Jin L. Transcriptional profiling reveals molecular basis and the role of arginine in response to low-pH stress in Pichia kudriavzevii. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 130:588-595. [PMID: 32798135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The non-conventional yeast Pichia kudriavzevii is considered to be a promising biotechnological host for the production of organic acids under low-pH conditions. However, little is known about the low-pH stress response in P. kudriavzevii, which significantly restricts its future development. In this study, P. kudriavzevii N-X showed great tolerance to low-pH stress, but the cell aggregation upon extremely acidic conditions might be unfavorable for low-pH fermentation. We therefore conducted RNA-Seq to compare global gene expression of P. kudriavzevii N-X in response to different pH stresses. Totally 434 genes were identified to be differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and annotation and enrichment analysis suggested that multiple genes associated with regulation of membrane lipid composition, filamentous growth and arginine metabolism were differentially expressed. The increased specific activity of arginase and intracellular ammonia concentration of P. kudriavzevii cultured at pH 2.0 further implied potential roles of arginine in response to extreme low-pH conditions. Extracellular supplementation of 5 mM arginine resulted in increased pHi and cell growth at pH 2.0, meanwhile the cell aggregation was partially suppressed. Additionally, overexpression of ARG J involving in arginine synthesis can also enhance the cell growth and reduce the aggregation effect. These results suggested that increasing arginine flux might be an alternative approach in the developing of P. kudriavzevii as a platform host for production of organic acids under low-pH conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ji
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China; Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province & Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
| | - Ke Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China; Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province & Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Xiameng Dong
- Department of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325006, PR China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China; Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province & Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Renyi Peng
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China; Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province & Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Sue Lin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China; Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province & Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Kailun Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China; Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province & Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
| | - Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China; Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province & Engineering Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Pharmaceutical Development of Growth Factors, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Wenzhou, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China
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Contribution of the mitogen-activated protein kinase Hog1 to the halotolerance of the marine yeast Debaryomyces hansenii. Curr Genet 2020; 66:1135-1153. [PMID: 32719935 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Halotolerant species are adapted to dealing continually with hyperosmotic environments, having evolved strategies that are uncommon in other organisms. The HOG pathway is the master system that regulates the cellular adaptation under these conditions; nevertheless, apart from the importance of Debaryomyces hansenii as an organism representative of the halotolerant class, its HOG1 pathway has been poorly studied, due to the difficulty of applying conventional recombinant DNA technology. Here we describe for the first time the phenotypic characterisation of a null HOG1 mutant of D. hansenii. Dhhog1Δ strain was found moderately resistant to 1 M NaCl and sensitive to higher concentrations. Under hyperosmotic shock, DhHog1 fully upregulated transcription of DhSTL1 and partially upregulated that of DhGPD1. High osmotic stress lead to long-term inner glycerol accumulation that was partially dependent on DhHog1. These observations indicated that the HOG pathway is required for survival under high external osmolarity but dispensable under low and mid-osmotic conditions. It was also found that DhHog1 can regulate response to alkali stress during hyperosmotic conditions and that it plays a role in oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Taken together, these results provide new insight into the contribution of this MAPK in halotolerance of this yeast.
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Wang D, Zhang M, Huang J, Zhou R, Jin Y, Wu C. Zygosaccharomyces rouxii Combats Salt Stress by Maintaining Cell Membrane Structure and Functionality. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:62-70. [PMID: 31635442 PMCID: PMC9728352 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1904.04006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii is an important yeast that is required in the food fermentation process due to its high salt tolerance. In this study, the responses and resistance strategies of Z. rouxii against salt stress were investigated by performing physiological analysis at membrane level. The results showed that under salt stress, cell integrity was destroyed, and the cell wall was ruptured, which was accompanied by intracellular substance spillover. With an increase of salt concentrations, intracellular Na+ content increased slightly, whereas intracellular K+ content decreased significantly, which caused the increase of the intracellular Na+/K+ ratio. In addition, in response to salt stress, the activity of Na+/K+-ATPase increased from 0.54 to 2.14 μmol/mg protein, and the ergosterol content increased to 2.42-fold to maintain membrane stability. Analysis of cell membrane fluidity and fatty acid composition showed that cell membrane fluidity decreased and unsaturated fatty acid proportions increased, leading to a 101.21% rise in the unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio. The results presented in this study offer guidance in understanding the salt tolerance mechanism of Z. rouxii, and in developing new strategies to increase the industrial utilization of this species under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingkang Wang
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 60065, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 60065, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Jun Huang
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 60065, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Rongqing Zhou
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 60065, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China
| | - Yao Jin
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 60065, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China,Corresponding authors Y.J. Phone: +86-13882197633 Fax: +86-28-85405237 E-mail:
| | - Chongde Wu
- College of Light Industry, Textile and Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 60065, P.R. China,Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P.R. China,C.W. Phone: +86-28-85406149 Fax: +86-28-85405237 E-mail:
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Ramos-Moreno L, Ramos J, Michán C. Overlapping responses between salt and oxidative stress in Debaryomyces hansenii. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:170. [PMID: 31673816 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Debaryomyces hansenii is a halotolerant yeast of importance in basic and applied research. Previous reports hinted about possible links between saline and oxidative stress responses in this yeast. The aim of this work was to study that hypothesis at different molecular levels, investigating after oxidative and saline stress: (i) transcription of seven genes related to oxidative and/or saline responses, (ii) activity of two main anti-oxidative enzymes, (iii) existence of common metabolic intermediates, and (iv) generation of damages to biomolecules as lipids and proteins. Our results showed how expression of genes related to oxidative stress was induced by exposure to NaCl and KCl, and, vice versa, transcription of some genes related to osmotic/salt stress responses was regulated by H2O2. Moreover, and contrary to S. cerevisiae, in D. hansenii HOG1 and MSN2 genes were modulated by stress at their transcriptional level. At the enzymatic level, saline stress also induced antioxidative enzymatic defenses as catalase and glutathione reductase. Furthermore, we demonstrated that both stresses are connected by the generation of intracellular ROS, and that hydrogen peroxide can affect the accumulation of in-cell sodium. On the other hand, no significant alterations in lipid oxidation or total glutathione content were observed upon exposure to both stresses tested. The results described in this work could help to understand the responses to both stressors, and to improve the biotechnological potential of D. hansenni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ramos-Moreno
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, 14071, Córdoba, España, Spain
| | - José Ramos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, 14071, Córdoba, España, Spain
| | - Carmen Michán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, 14071, Córdoba, España, Spain.
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15
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Linking Microbial Community Structure to Trait Distributions and Functions Using Salinity as an Environmental Filter. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.01607-19. [PMID: 31337729 PMCID: PMC6650560 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01607-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure and function of microbial communities vary along environmental gradients; however, interlinking the two has been challenging. In this study, salinity was used as an environmental filter to study how it could shape trait distributions, community structures, and the resulting functions of soil microbes. The environmental filter was applied by salinizing nonsaline soil (0 to 22 mg NaCl g-1). Our targeted community trait distribution (salt tolerance) was determined with dose-response relationships between bacterial growth and salinity. The bacterial community structure responses were resolved with Illumina 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and the microbial functions determined were respiration and bacterial and fungal growth. Salt exposure quickly resulted in filtered trait distributions, and stronger filters resulted in larger shifts. The filtered trait distributions correlated well with community composition differences, suggesting that trait distribution shifts were driven at least partly by species turnover. While salt exposure decreased respiration, microbial growth responses appeared to be characterized by competitive interactions. Fungal growth was highest when bacterial growth was inhibited by the highest salinity, and it was lowest when the bacterial growth rate peaked at intermediate salt levels. These findings corroborated a higher potential for fungal salt tolerance than bacterial salt tolerance for communities derived from a nonsaline soil. In conclusion, by using salt as an environmental filter, we could interlink the targeted trait distribution with both the community structure and resulting functions of soil microbes.IMPORTANCE Understanding the role of ecological communities in maintaining multiple ecosystem processes is a central challenge in ecology. Soil microbial communities perform vital ecosystem functions, such as the decomposition of organic matter to provide plant nutrition. However, despite the functional importance of soil microorganisms, attribution of ecosystem function to particular constituents of the microbial community has been impeded by a lack of information linking microbial processes to community composition and structure. Here, we apply a conceptual framework to determine how microbial communities influence ecosystem processes, by applying a "top-down" trait-based approach. By determining the dependence of microbial processes on environmental factors (e.g., the tolerance to salinity), we can define the aggregate response trait distribution of the community, which then can be linked to the community structure and the resulting function performed by the microbial community.
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Capusoni C, Arioli S, Donzella S, Guidi B, Serra I, Compagno C. Hyper-Osmotic Stress Elicits Membrane Depolarization and Decreased Permeability in Halotolerant Marine Debaryomyces hansenii Strains and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:64. [PMID: 30761110 PMCID: PMC6362939 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of seawater and marine microorganisms can represent a sustainable alternative to avoid large consumption of freshwater performing industrial bioprocesses. Debaryomyces hansenii, which is a known halotolerant yeast, possess metabolic traits appealing for developing such processes. For this purpose, we studied salt stress exposure of two D. hansenii strains isolated from marine fauna. We found that the presence of sea salts during the cultivation results in a slight decrease of biomass yields. Nevertheless, higher concentration of NaCl (2 M) negatively affects other growth parameters, like growth rate and glucose consumption rate. To maintain an isosmotic condition, the cells accumulate glycerol as compatible solute. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the osmotic adaptation causes a reduced cellular permeability to cell-permeant dye SYBR Green I. We demonstrate that this fast and reversible phenomenon is correlated to the induction of membrane depolarization, and occurred even in presence of high concentration of sorbitol. The decrease of membrane permeability induced by osmotic stress confers to D. hansenii resistance to cationic drugs like Hygromycin B. In addition, we describe that also in Saccharomyces cerevisiae the exposure to hyper-osmotic conditions induced membrane depolarization and reduced the membrane permeability. These aspects are very relevant for the optimization of industrial bioprocesses, as in the case of fermentations and bioconversions carried out by using media/buffers containing high nutrients/salts concentrations. Indeed, an efficient transport of molecules (nutrients, substrates, and products) is the prerequisite for an efficient cellular performance, and ultimately for the efficiency of the industrial process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Capusoni
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Arioli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Donzella
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetta Guidi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Immacolata Serra
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Concetta Compagno
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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17
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Wasi M, Khandelwal NK, Vishwakarma P, Lynn AM, Mondal AK, Prasad R. Inventory of ABC proteins and their putative role in salt and drug tolerance in Debaryomyces hansenii. Gene 2018; 676:227-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Mioka T, Fujimura-Kamada K, Mizugaki N, Kishimoto T, Sano T, Nunome H, Williams DE, Andersen RJ, Tanaka K. Phospholipid flippases and Sfk1p, a novel regulator of phospholipid asymmetry, contribute to low permeability of the plasma membrane. Mol Biol Cell 2018. [PMID: 29540528 PMCID: PMC5935070 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-04-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid flippase (type 4 P-type ATPase) plays a major role in the generation of phospholipid asymmetry in eukaryotic cell membranes. Loss of Lem3p-Dnf1/2p flippases leads to the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) on the cell surface in yeast, resulting in sensitivity to PS- or PE-binding peptides. We isolated Sfk1p, a conserved membrane protein in the TMEM150/FRAG1/DRAM family, as a multicopy suppressor of this sensitivity. Overexpression of SFK1 decreased PS/PE exposure in lem3Δ mutant cells. Consistent with this, lem3Δ sfk1Δ double mutant cells exposed more PS/PE than the lem3Δ mutant. Sfk1p was previously implicated in the regulation of the phosphatidylinositol-4 kinase Stt4p, but the effect of Sfk1p on PS/PE exposure in lem3Δ was independent of Stt4p. Surprisingly, Sfk1p did not facilitate phospholipid flipping but instead repressed it, even under ATP-depleted conditions. We propose that Sfk1p negatively regulates transbilayer movement of phospholipids irrespective of directions. In addition, we showed that the permeability of the plasma membrane was dramatically elevated in the lem3Δ sfk1Δ double mutant in comparison with the corresponding single mutants. Interestingly, total ergosterol was decreased in the lem3Δ sfk1Δ mutant. Our results suggest that phospholipid asymmetry is required for the maintenance of low plasma membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Mioka
- Division of Molecular Interaction, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Konomi Fujimura-Kamada
- Division of Molecular Interaction, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Nahiro Mizugaki
- Division of Molecular Interaction, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Takuma Kishimoto
- Division of Molecular Interaction, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Sano
- Division of Molecular Interaction, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nunome
- Division of Molecular Interaction, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - David E Williams
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Raymond J Andersen
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kazuma Tanaka
- Division of Molecular Interaction, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Life Science, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
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Gunde-Cimerman N, Plemenitaš A, Oren A. Strategies of adaptation of microorganisms of the three domains of life to high salt concentrations. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Gunde-Cimerman
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Plemenitaš
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 1, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aharon Oren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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Inafuku M, Basyuni M, Oku H. Triterpenoid modulates the salt tolerance of lanosterol synthase deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae, GIL77. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:1-9. [PMID: 29379348 PMCID: PMC5775075 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effect of triterpenoid on the salt tolerance of lanosterol synthase deficient yeast mutant GIL77. The expression of the triterpenoid synthase gene under GAL1 promoter in GIL77 increased the triterpenoid concentration of both whole cell and plasma membrane fractions. Without the induction of the genes, the growth curve of BgbAS or RsM1 transformant depicted patterns similar to control cells in both the presence and absence of salt with growth inhibition at 500 mM NaCl. The induction of BgbAS and RsM1 gene expression slightly repressed growth compared with control cells in the absence of NaCl. The growth of GIL77 was significantly suppressed by the expression of BgbAS or RsM1 under salinity conditions. Of the triterpenoid synthase genes, BgbAS rather than RsM1 was found to strongly inhibit the growth of GIL77 cells under salt stressed conditions. The expression of the triterpenoid synthase gene in GIL77 also influenced their tolerance to other abiotic stresses. In contrast to the endogenous synthesis, the exogenous supply of triterpenoid in the culture medium appeared to occur in the plasma membrane fraction and enhanced the salt tolerance of GIL77. This study thus discussed the physiological significance of triterpenoid in relation to its possible role in modulating salt tolerance.
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Key Words
- BgLUS, lupeol synthase
- BgbAS, β-amyrin synthase
- FID, flame ionization detector
- GC, gas chromatography
- GIL77
- LS, lanosterol synthase
- MES, 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid
- OSCs, oxidosqualene cyclase
- Oxidosqualene cyclase gene
- RsM1, multifunctional triterpenoid synthase
- S.E.M., standard error of the mean
- SC, synthetic complete
- Salt tolerance
- TLC, thin layer chromatography
- Triterpenoids
- Yeast
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Inafuku
- Department of Applied Biological Information, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Mohammad Basyuni
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Forestry, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Hirosuke Oku
- Department of Applied Biological Information, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Vrabl P, Schinagl CW, Artmann DJ, Krüger A, Ganzera M, Pötsch A, Burgstaller W. The Dynamics of Plasma Membrane, Metabolism and Respiration (PM-M-R) in Penicillium ochrochloron CBS 123824 in Response to Different Nutrient Limitations-A Multi-level Approach to Study Organic Acid Excretion in Filamentous Fungi. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2475. [PMID: 29312185 PMCID: PMC5732977 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are important cell factories. In contrast, we do not understand well even basic physiological behavior in these organisms. This includes the widespread phenomenon of organic acid excretion. One strong hurdle to fully exploit the metabolic capacity of these organisms is the enormous, highly environment sensitive phenotypic plasticity. In this work we explored organic acid excretion in Penicillium ochrochloron from a new point of view by simultaneously investigating three essential metabolic levels: the plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PM); energy metabolism, in particular adenine and pyridine nucleotides (M); and respiration, in particular the alternative oxidase (R). This was done in strictly standardized chemostat culture with different nutrient limitations (glucose, ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate). These different nutrient limitations led to various quantitative phenotypes (as represented by organic acid excretion, oxygen consumption, glucose consumption, and biomass formation). Glucose-limited grown mycelia were used as the reference point (very low organic acid excretion). Both ammonium and phosphate grown mycelia showed increased organic acid excretion, although the patterns of excreted acids were different. In ammonium-limited grown mycelia amount and activity of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase was increased, nucleotide concentrations were decreased, energy charge (EC) and catabolic reduction charge (CRC) were unchanged and alternative respiration was present but not quantifiable. In phosphate-limited grown mycelia (no data on the H+-ATPase) nucleotide concentrations were still lower, EC was slightly decreased, CRC was distinctly decreased and alternative respiration was present and quantifiable. Main conclusions are: (i) the phenotypic plasticity of filamentous fungi demands adaptation of sample preparation and analytical methods at the phenotype level; (ii) each nutrient condition is unique and its metabolic situation must be considered separately; (iii) organic acid excretion is inversely related to nucleotide concentration (but not EC); (iv) excretion of organic acids is the outcome of a simultaneous adjustment of several metabolic levels to nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Vrabl
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Anja Krüger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Ganzera
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ansgar Pötsch
- Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
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Canhoto C, Simões S, Gonçalves AL, Guilhermino L, Bärlocher F. Stream salinization and fungal-mediated leaf decomposition: A microcosm study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 599-600:1638-1645. [PMID: 28535592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Salinization is of major global concern due to its effect on stream biota, and ecosystem functions and services. In small streams, litter decomposition is a key ecosystem-level process driven by decomposers, mainly fungi (aquatic hyphomycetes), which link litter and invertebrates. Here we assessed the effects of an environmentally relevant range of salt additions (0, 2, 4, 8, 16gL-1 NaCl) on (1) fungal growth and species-specific reproductive output and (2) fungal mediated-decomposition of Quercus robur leaves. Growth rates of eight out of nine species of aquatic hyphomycetes were negatively affected by salinity at concentrations ≥4gL-1. EC50s were species-specific and ≥7.80gL-1. Distinct thresholds were observed for reproduction: only five species sporulated at 2gL-1, and a single one (Flagellospora curta) sporulated at 4 and 8gL-1 NaCl. Based on these results, we evaluated if tolerant fungal assemblages, with increasingly fewer species (9, 5, 1), were able to maintain similar functional functions and processes at the different salt levels. No significant differences were found in oak mass loss or sporulation rates at 0 or 2gL-1 NaCl; a clear inhibition of both parameters was observed at the highest concentrations (i.e., 4 and 8gL-1 NaCl). Different dominance patterns in multi-species fungal assemblages may determine bottom-up impacts on the stream food webs through effects on detritivore feeding preferences. Specific growth rate, characterized by RNA concentration, was higher in the single species, at the highest salt-concentration, and lower in the 9-species assemblage. Respiration was almost 2-times higher in mixed assemblages without added salt. Under salt-contamination, trade-offs between growth and sporulation seem to guarantee high levels of fungal growth and decomposition, particularly in multi-species assemblages. In the presence of salt contamination, aquatic hyphomycetes, even at reduced diversity, remain important drivers of leaf decomposition and ensure organic matter recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Canhoto
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Sara Simões
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Lúcia Gonçalves
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Guilhermino
- ICBAS & CIIMAR, University of Porto, CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Research Group of Ecotoxicology, Stress Ecology and Environmental Health, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences of Abel Salazar, Department of Population Studies, Laboratory of Ecotoxicology, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Felix Bärlocher
- Department of Biology, Mt. Allison University, Sackville, New Brunswick E4L1G7, Canada
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CgMED3 Changes Membrane Sterol Composition To Help Candida glabrata Tolerate Low-pH Stress. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00972-17. [PMID: 28667115 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00972-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida glabrata is a promising microorganism for organic acid production. The present study aimed to investigate the role of C. glabrata Mediator complex subunit 3 (CgMed3p) in protecting C. glabrata under low-pH conditions. To this end, genes CgMED3A and CgMED3B were deleted, resulting in the double-deletion Cgmed3ABΔ strain. The final biomass and cell viability levels of Cgmed3ABΔ decreased by 64.5% and 35.8%, respectively, compared to the wild-type strain results at pH 2.0. In addition, lack of CgMed3ABp resulted in selective repression of a subset of genes in the lipid biosynthesis and metabolism pathways. Furthermore, C18:1, lanosterol, zymosterol, fecosterol, and ergosterol were 13.2%, 80.4%, 40.4%, 78.1%, and 70.4% less abundant, respectively, in the Cgmed3ABΔ strain. In contrast, the concentration of squalene increased by about 44.6-fold. As a result, membrane integrity, rigidity, and H+-ATPase activity in the Cgmed3ABΔ strain were reduced by 62.7%, 13.0%, and 50.3%, respectively. In contrast, overexpression of CgMED3AB increased the levels of C18:0, C18:1, and ergosterol by 113.2%, 5.9%, and 26.4%, respectively. Moreover, compared to the wild-type results, dry cell weight and pyruvate production increased, irrespective of pH buffering. These results suggest that CgMED3AB regulates membrane composition, which in turn enables cells to tolerate low-pH stress. We propose that regulation of CgMed3ABp may provide a novel strategy for enhancing low-pH tolerance and increasing organic acid production by C. glabrataIMPORTANCE The objective of this study was to investigate the role of Candida glabrata Mediator complex subunit 3 (CgMed3ABp) and its regulation of gene expression at low pH in C. glabrata We found that CgMed3ABp was critical for cellular survival and pyruvate production during low-pH stress. Measures of the levels of plasma membrane fatty acids and sterol composition indicated that CgMed3ABp could play an important role in regulating homeostasis in C. glabrata We propose that controlling membrane lipid composition may enhance the robustness of C. glabrata for the production of organic acids.
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Lynch M, Marinov GK. Membranes, energetics, and evolution across the prokaryote-eukaryote divide. eLife 2017; 6:20437. [PMID: 28300533 PMCID: PMC5354521 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of the eukaryotic cell marked a profound moment in Earth’s history, with most of the visible biota coming to rely on intracellular membrane-bound organelles. It has been suggested that this evolutionary transition was critically dependent on the movement of ATP synthesis from the cell surface to mitochondrial membranes and the resultant boost to the energetic capacity of eukaryotic cells. However, contrary to this hypothesis, numerous lines of evidence suggest that eukaryotes are no more bioenergetically efficient than prokaryotes. Thus, although the origin of the mitochondrion was a key event in evolutionary history, there is no reason to think membrane bioenergetics played a direct, causal role in the transition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes and the subsequent explosive diversification of cellular and organismal complexity. Over time, life on Earth has evolved into three large groups: archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. The most familiar forms of life – such as fungi, plants and animals – all belong to the eukaryotes. Bacteria and archaea are simpler, single-celled organisms and are collectively referred to as prokaryotes. The hallmark feature that distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes is that eukaryotic cells contain compartments called organelles that are surrounded by membranes. Each organelle supports different activities in the cell. Mitochondria, for example, are organelles that provide eukaryotes with most of their energy by producing energy-rich molecules called ATP. Prokaryotes lack mitochondria and instead produce their ATP on their cell surface membrane. Some researchers have suggested that mitochondria might actually be one of the reasons that eukaryotic cells are typically larger than prokaryotes and more varied in their shape and structure. The thinking is that producing ATP on dedicated membranes inside the cell, rather than on the cell surface, boosted the amount of energy available to eukaryotic cells and allowed them to diversify more. However, other researchers are not convinced by this view. Moreover, some recent evidence suggested that eukaryotes are no more efficient in producing energy than prokaryotes. Lynch and Marinov have now used computational and comparative analysis to compare the energy efficiency of different organisms including prokaryotes and eukaryotes grown under defined conditions. To do the comparison, the results were scaled based on cell volume and the total surface area deployed in energy production. From their findings, Lynch and Marinov concluded that mitochondria did not enhance how much energy eukaryotes could produce per unit of cell volume in any substantial way. Although the origin of mitochondria was certainly a key event in evolutionary history, it is unlikely to have been responsible for the diversity and complexity of today’s life forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lynch
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, United States
| | - Georgi K Marinov
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, United States
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Vacuolar control of subcellular cation distribution is a key parameter in the adaptation of Debaryomyces hansenii to high salt concentrations. Fungal Genet Biol 2017; 100:52-60. [PMID: 28215981 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Debaryomyces hansenii is a halotolerant and Na+-includer yeast that can be isolated from different food and low-water activity products. It has also been defined as a marine-occurring yeast but key aspects for this salt tolerant behavior are far from being understood. Here, we searched for clues helping to elucidate the basis of this ability. Our results on growth, Rb+ transport, total K+ and Na+ content and vacuolar fragmentation are compatible with a yeast species adapted to cope with salt stress. On the other hand, we confirmed the existence of D. hansenii strategies that are generally observed in sensitive organisms, such as the production of glycerol as a compatible solute and the efficient vacuolar sequestration of Na+. We propose a striking role of D. hansenii vacuoles in the maintenance of constant cytosolic K+ values, even in the presence of extracellular Na+ concentration values more than two orders of magnitude higher than extracellular K+. Finally, the ability to deal with cytosolic Na+ levels significantly higher than those found in S. cerevisiae, shows the existence of important and specific salt tolerance mechanisms and determinants in D. hansenii.
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Garcia-Neto W, Cabrera-Orefice A, Uribe-Carvajal S, Kowaltowski AJ, Alberto Luévano-Martínez L. High Osmolarity Environments Activate the Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase in Debaryomyces Hansenii. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169621. [PMID: 28060946 PMCID: PMC5218487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The oleaginous yeast Debaryomyces hansenii is a good model to understand molecular mechanisms involved in halotolerance because of its impressive ability to survive under a wide range of salt concentrations. Several cellular adaptations are implicated in this response, including the presence of a cyanide-insensitive ubiquinol oxidase (Aox). This protein, which is present in several taxonomical orders, has been related to different stress responses. However, little is known about its role in mitochondria during transitions from low to high saline environments. In this report, we analyze the effects of Aox in shifts from low to high salt concentrations in the culture media. At early stages of a salt insult, we observed that this protein prevents the overflow of electrons on the mitochondrial respiratory chain, thus, decreasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, in the presence of high osmolite concentrations, Aox activity is able to sustain a stable membrane potential when coupled to complex I, despite a compromised cytochrome pathway. Taken together, our results suggest that under high osmolarity conditions Aox plays a critical role regulating mitochondrial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Garcia-Neto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Cabrera-Orefice
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - Salvador Uribe-Carvajal
- Departamento de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - Alicia J. Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kulakovskaya EV, Mironov AA. Resistance to cellobiose lipids and specific features of lipid composition in yeast. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683816060107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Prista C, Michán C, Miranda IM, Ramos J. The halotolerant Debaryomyces hansenii, the Cinderella of non-conventional yeasts. Yeast 2016; 33:523-533. [PMID: 27279567 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Debaryomyces hansenii is a halotolerant yeast with a high biotechnological potential, particularly in the food industry. However, research in this yeast is limited by its molecular peculiarities. In this review we summarize the state of the art of research in this microorganisms, describing both pros and cons. We discuss (i) its halotolerance, (ii) the molecular factors involved in saline and osmotic stress, (iii) its high gene density and ambiguous CUG decoding, and (iv) its biotechnological and medical interests. We trust that all the bottlenecks in its study will soon be overcome and D. hansenii will become a fundamental organism for food biotechnological processes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Prista
- LEAF - Research Centre Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 1649-003, Portugal
| | - Carmen Michán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Isabel M Miranda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS - Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Portugal
| | - José Ramos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071, Córdoba, Spain.
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Effect of some abiotic stresses on the biotransformation of α-pinene by a psychrotrophic Chrysosporium pannorum. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Santini TC, Kerr JL, Warren LA. Microbially-driven strategies for bioremediation of bauxite residue. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 293:131-157. [PMID: 25867516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Globally, 3 Gt of bauxite residue is currently in storage, with an additional 120 Mt generated every year. Bauxite residue is an alkaline, saline, sodic, massive, and fine grained material with little organic carbon or plant nutrients. To date, remediation of bauxite residue has focused on the use of chemical and physical amendments to address high pH, high salinity, and poor drainage and aeration. No studies to date have evaluated the potential for microbial communities to contribute to remediation as part of a combined approach integrating chemical, physical, and biological amendments. This review considers natural alkaline, saline environments that present similar challenges for microbial survival and evaluates candidate microorganisms that are both adapted for survival in these environments and have the capacity to carry out beneficial metabolisms in bauxite residue. Fermentation, sulfur oxidation, and extracellular polymeric substance production emerge as promising pathways for bioremediation whether employed individually or in combination. A combination of bioaugmentation (addition of inocula from other alkaline, saline environments) and biostimulation (addition of nutrients to promote microbial growth and activity) of the native community in bauxite residue is recommended as the approach most likely to be successful in promoting bioremediation of bauxite residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talitha C Santini
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sir James Foots Building, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Geography, Planning, and Environmental Management, Steele Building, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Earth and Environment, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Janice L Kerr
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sir James Foots Building, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lesley A Warren
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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Taheri Sarvtin M, Shokohi T, Hajheydari Z, Yazdani J, Hedayati MT. Evaluation of candidal colonization and specific humoral responses against Candida albicans in patients with psoriasis. Int J Dermatol 2015; 53:e555-60. [PMID: 25427068 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that can considerably affect a patient's quality of life. Environmental and genetic factors, as well as superantigens and toxins from Candida species, may play various roles in the exacerbation and persistence of psoriasis. In the present study, we evaluated candidal colonization and specific humoral responses against Candida albicans in patients with psoriasis. METHODS A total of 100 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 50 healthy control individuals were enrolled in the study. Skin and oral specimens from all participants were cultured on CHROMagar Candida medium. Isolated yeast-like fungi were identified using the sequence of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rRNA gene. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were used to detect immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG antibodies against C. albicans in sera of patients and healthy individuals. RESULTS Candida species were isolated from the skin of 15% of patients and 4% of controls and from oral specimens of 60% of patients and 20% of controls. There was a significant difference in candidal colonization between patients and controls (P < 0.05). Serum IgM, IgA, and IgG levels against C. albicans were significantly lower in patients with psoriasis than in controls (P < 0.05). There was no significant association between serum levels of specific antibodies against C. albicans or the frequency of candidal colonization with the clinical severity of the disease (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study show a higher rate of candidal colonization in patients with psoriasis in comparison with controls and a reduction in humoral immune responses in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Taheri Sarvtin
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran; Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Jung Y, Ha M, Lee J, Ahn YG, Kwak JH, Ryu DH, Hwang GS. Metabolite Profiling of the Response of Burdock Roots to Copper Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:1309-1317. [PMID: 25578619 DOI: 10.1021/jf503193c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae), also known as burdock, has a long history of cultivation as a dietary vegetable worldwide. Stress in plants disrupts metabolic homeostasis and requires adjustment of metabolic pathways. Exposure to heavy metals is one of the most prevalent environmental stresses encountered by plants. In this study, metabolite profiling based on 1H NMR and GC-MS was used to obtain a holistic view of the response of burdock roots to copper stress. The principal component analysis model generated from the NMR data showed significant separation between groups. Copper-treated burdock roots were characterized by increased levels of phenols and decreased levels of primary metabolites. These results suggest that copper stress leads to activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway and growth inhibition. GC-MS analyses revealed increased levels of unsaturated fatty acids and decreased levels of sterols in the copper-treated group. Changes in metabolite concentrations were analyzed by UPLC/QTRAP-MS, and the significances were confirmed by two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's test. Interestingly, linoleic acid was increased about 2.7-fold, from 316 ± 64.5 to 855 ± 111 ppm, in the group treated with copper for 6 days. This study demonstrates that metabolomic profiling is an effective analytical approach to understanding the metabolic pathway(s) associated with copper stress in burdock roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngae Jung
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute , Seoul 120-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Miyoung Ha
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute , Seoul 120-140, Republic of Korea
- Nonghyup Food Safety Research Institute , Seoul 137-130, Republic of Korea
| | - Jueun Lee
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute , Seoul 120-140, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Gyong Ahn
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute , Seoul 120-140, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute , Seoul 120-140, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University , Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
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Abu-Ghosh S, Droby S, Korine C. Seasonal and plant-dependent variations in diversity, abundance and stress tolerance of epiphytic yeasts in desert habitats. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2014; 6:373-382. [PMID: 24992536 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We studied the epiphytic yeast species of the plants of the Negev Desert and the Dead Sea region, Israel, which are considered one of the most extreme hyper-arid lands in the world. For this purpose, we developed isolation protocols; we performed morphological, cultural and molecular identification tests and compared yeast diversity between the locations and the plants. The composition of the yeast populations present in the study's plants underwent seasonal fluctuations, whereas differences in community compositions were significant within sites. The maximum number of species of yeast occurred in autumn and Cryptococcus spp. were predominant year round. The isolated yeast strains showed an unusual tolerance to extreme growth conditions, such as high temperatures (up to 72% viability at 50°C), lethal hydrogen peroxide and NaCl concentrations. These results suggest that epiphytic yeasts inhabit the plants of the Dead Sea region and the Negev Desert have a community structure that is unique to the plant species and have a high tolerance to the harsh conditions that enables them to adapt to an arid ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Said Abu-Ghosh
- Department of Postharvest Science, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
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Adaptive response and tolerance to sugar and salt stress in the food yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 185:140-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Velázquez-Becerra C, Macías-Rodríguez LI, López-Bucio J, Flores-Cortez I, Santoyo G, Hernández-Soberano C, Valencia-Cantero E. The rhizobacterium Arthrobacter agilis produces dimethylhexadecylamine, a compound that inhibits growth of phytopathogenic fungi in vitro. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:1251-62. [PMID: 23674267 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-013-0506-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by fungal pathogens such as Botrytis cinerea and the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi affect agricultural production worldwide. Control of these pests can be done by the use of fungicides such as captan, which may have deleterious effects on human health. This study demonstrates that the rhizobacterium Arthrobacter agilis UMCV2 produces volatile organic compounds that inhibit the growth of B. cinerea in vitro. A single compound from the volatile blends, namely dimethylhexadecylamine (DMHDA), could inhibit the growth of both B. cinerea and P. cinnamomi when supplied to the growth medium in low concentrations. DMHDA also inhibited the growth of beneficial fungi Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma atroviride but at much higher concentrations. DMHDA-related aminolipids containing 4, 8, 10, 12, and 14 carbons in the alkyl chain were tested for their inhibitory effect on the growth of the pathogens. The results show that the most active compound from those tested was dimethyldodecylamine. This effect correlates with a decrease in the number of membrane lipids present in the mycelium of the pathogen including eicosanoic acid, (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, and (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester. Strawberry leaflets treated with DMHDA were not injured by the compound. These data indicate that DMHDA and related compounds, which can be produced by microorganisms may effectively inhibit the proliferation of certain plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crisanto Velázquez-Becerra
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio B5, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 58030, Morelia, Michoacán, México
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Papagora C, Roukas T, Kotzekidou P. Optimization of extracellular lipase production by Debaryomyces hansenii isolates from dry-salted olives using response surface methodology. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ferreira D, Nobre A, Silva ML, Faria-Oliveira F, Tulha J, Ferreira C, Lucas C. XYLHencodes a xylose/H+symporter from the highly related yeast speciesDebaryomyces fabryiandDebaryomyces hansenii. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 13:585-96. [DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danielly Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga; Portugal
| | - Alexandra Nobre
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga; Portugal
| | - Marta Luisa Silva
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga; Portugal
| | - Fábio Faria-Oliveira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga; Portugal
| | - Joana Tulha
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga; Portugal
| | - Célia Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga; Portugal
| | - Cândida Lucas
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga; Portugal
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Michán C, Martínez JL, Alvarez MC, Turk M, Sychrova H, Ramos J. Salt and oxidative stress tolerance in Debaryomyces hansenii and Debaryomyces fabryi. FEMS Yeast Res 2012; 13:180-8. [PMID: 23122272 DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the characterization of five strains belonging to the halotolerant highly related Debaryomyces hansenii/fabryi species. The analysis performed consisted in studying tolerance properties, membrane characteristics, and cation incell amounts. We have specifically investigated (1) tolerance to different chemicals, (2) tolerance to osmotic and salt stress, (3) tolerance and response to oxidative stress, (4) reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, (5) relative membrane potential, (6) cell volume, (7) K(+) and Na(+) ion content, and (8) membrane fluidity. Unexpectedly, no direct relationship was found between one particular strain, Na(+) content and its tolerance to NaCl or between its ROS content and its tolerance to H(2)O(2). Results show that, although in general, human origin D. fabryi strains were more resistant to oxidative stress and presented shorter doubling times and smaller cell volume than food isolated D. hansenii ones, strains belonging to the same species can be significantly different. Debaryomyces fabryi CBS1793 strain highlighted for its extremely tolerant behavior when exposed to the diverse stress factors studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Michán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Yang J, Ding MZ, Li BZ, Liu ZL, Wang X, Yuan YJ. Integrated Phospholipidomics and Transcriptomics Analysis ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaewith Enhanced Tolerance to a Mixture of Acetic Acid, Furfural, and Phenol. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2012; 16:374-86. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2011.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Zhu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Z. Lewis Liu
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, Illinois
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education; Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Martínez JL, Luna C, Ramos J. Proteomic changes in response to potassium starvation in the extremophilic yeast Debaryomyces hansenii. FEMS Yeast Res 2012; 12:651-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2012.00815.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- José L. Martínez
- Departamento de Microbiología; Universidad de Córdoba; Córdoba; Spain
| | - Carlos Luna
- Departamento de Microbiología; Universidad de Córdoba; Córdoba; Spain
| | - José Ramos
- Departamento de Microbiología; Universidad de Córdoba; Córdoba; Spain
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Zajc J, Zalar P, Plemenitaš A, Gunde-Cimerman N. The mycobiota of the salterns. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 53:133-158. [PMID: 22222830 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-23342-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Solar salterns are constructed as shallow multi-pond systems for the production of halite through evaporation of seawater. The main feature of salterns is the discontinuous salinity gradient that provides a range of well-defined habitats with increasing salinities, from moderate to hypersaline. These present one of the most extreme environments, because of the low levels of biologically available water and the toxic concentrations of ions. Up to the year 2000, hypersaline environments were considered to be populated almost exclusively by prokaryotic microorganisms till fungi were reported to be active inhabitants of solar salterns. Since then, numerous fungal species have been described in hypersaline waters around the world. The mycobiota of salterns is represented by different species of the genus Cladosporium and the related meristematic melanized black yeasts, of non-melanized yeasts, of the filamentous genera Penicillium and Aspergillus and their teleomorphic forms (Eurotium and Emericella), and of the basidiomycetous genus Wallemia. Among these, two species became new model organisms for studying the mechanisms of extreme salt tolerance: the extremely halotolerant ascomycetous black yeast Hortaea werneckii and the obligate halophilic basidiomycete Wallemia ichthyophaga.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janja Zajc
- Biology Department, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, SI-1000, Slovenia
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Botić T, Kunčič MK, Sepčić K, Knez Z, Gunde-Cimerman N. Salt induces biosynthesis of hemolytically active compounds in the xerotolerant food-borne fungus Wallemia sebi. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2011; 326:40-6. [PMID: 22092533 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2011.02428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Wallemia sebi is a xerotolerant, ubiquitous, food-borne, mycotoxigenic fungus. An ethanol extract of its mycelium demonstrated a strong hemolytic activity, which was further enhanced at high salt concentrations in the growth medium. Characterization of the extract using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed a mixture of sterols and unsaturated fatty acids, indicating the latter as responsible for the hemolytic activity. The lytic activity of the extract is here studied using red blood cells and artificial small lipid vesicles with various lipid compositions. This shows concentration-dependent hemolysis and preferential activity toward lipid membranes with greater fluidity. The W. sebi lytic activity on mammalian erythrocytes shows its potential involvement in the formation of lesions in subcutaneous infections, in farmer's lung disease, and in consumption of food and feed that are contaminated with food-borne W. sebi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Botić
- Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design, Faculty for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Salmerón-Santiago KG, Pardo JP, Flores-Herrera O, Mendoza-Hernández G, Miranda-Arango M, Guerra-Sánchez G. Response to osmotic stress and temperature of the fungus Ustilago maydis. Arch Microbiol 2011; 193:701-9. [PMID: 21553045 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-011-0706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ustilago maydis is a fungal pathogen which is exposed during its life cycle to both abiotic and biotic stresses before and after the infection of maize. To cope with extreme environmental changes, microorganisms usually accumulate the disaccharide trehalose. We have investigated both the accumulation of trehalose and the activity of trehalase during the adaptation of U. maydis haploid cells to thermal, sorbitol, and NaCl stresses. Sorbitol and sodium chloride induced sustained accumulation of trehalose, while a transient increase was observed under heat stress. Sorbitol stressed cells showed higher trehalase activity compared with control cells and to those stressed by NaCl and high temperature. Addition of cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor, did not affect the trehalose accumulation during the first 15 min, but basal levels of trehalose were reached after the second period of 15 min. The proteomic analysis of the response of U. maydis to temperature, sorbitol, and salt stresses indicated a complex pattern which highlights the change of 18 proteins involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, protein folding, redox regulation, ion homeostasis, and stress response. We hypothesize that trehalose accumulation during sorbitol stress in U. maydis might be related to the adaptation of this organism during plant infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Gabriela Salmerón-Santiago
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, IPN, Prolong. de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340, México, D.F., Mexico
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Influence of Osmotic Stress on Fermentative Production of Succinic Acid by Actinobacillus succinogenes. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 165:138-47. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhou J, Liu L, Chen J. Improved ATP supply enhances acid tolerance of Candida glabrata during pyruvic acid production. J Appl Microbiol 2010; 110:44-53. [PMID: 20880146 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A major problem in industrial fermentation of organic acids with micro-organisms is to ensure a suitable pH in the culture broth. To circumvent this problem, we investigated the effect of citrate, which is a widely used auxiliary energy co-substrate, on cell growth, organic acid production and pH homeostasis among extracellular environment, cytoplasm and vacuole, in the pyruvic acid production by Candida glabrata CCTCC M202019 under different pH conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS Analysis of intracellular ATP regeneration, cytoplasmic and vacuolar pH values under different culture conditions points towards a relief of stress when C. glabrata is exposed to lower pH, if citrate is added. When 50 mmol l(-1) citrate was added to the culture medium, the intracellular ATP concentrations increased by 20·5% (pH 5·5), 20·4% (pH 5·0) and 39·3% (pH 4·5), and higher pH gradients among the culture broth, cell cytoplasm and vacuoles resulted. As a consequence, the cell growth and pyruvic acid production of C. glabrata CCTCC M202019 were significantly improved under pH 5·0 and 4·5. CONCLUSIONS The acid tolerance of yeast can be improved by enhancing the ATP supply, which helps to maintain higher pH gradients in the system. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results presented here expand our understanding of the physiological characteristics in eukaryotic micro-organisms under low pH conditions and provide a potential route for the further improvement of organic acids production process by process optimization or metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Amaretti A, Raimondi S, Sala M, Roncaglia L, De Lucia M, Leonardi A, Rossi M. Single cell oils of the cold-adapted oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula glacialis DBVPG 4785. Microb Cell Fact 2010; 9:73. [PMID: 20863365 PMCID: PMC2955590 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-9-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of microbial lipids has attracted considerable interest during the past decade since they can be successfully used to produce biodiesel by catalyzed transesterification with short chain alcohols. Certain yeast species, including several psychrophilic isolates, are oleaginous and accumulate lipids from 20 to 70% of biomass under appropriate cultivation conditions. Among them, Rhodotorula glacialis is a psychrophilic basidiomycetous species capable to accumulate intracellular lipids. RESULTS Rhodotorula glacialis DBVPG 4785 is an oleaginous psychrophilic yeast isolated from a glacial environment. Despite its origin, the strain abundantly grew and accumulated lipids between -3 to 20°C. The temperature did not influence the yield coefficients of both biomass and lipids production, but had positive effect on the growth rate and thus on volumetric productivity of lipid. In glucose-based media, cellular multiplication occurred first, while the lipogenic phase followed whenever the culture was limited by a nutrient other than glucose. The extent of the carbon excess had positive effects on triacylglycerols production, that was maximum with 120 g L-1 glucose, in terms of lipid concentration (19 g L-1), lipid/biomass (68%) and lipid/glucose yields (16%). Both glucose concentration and growth temperature influenced the composition of fatty acids, whose unsaturation degree decreased when the temperature or glucose excess increased. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first proposed biotechnological application for Rhodotorula glacialis species, whose oleaginous biomass accumulates high amounts of lipids within a wide range of temperatures through appropriate cultivation C:N ratio. Although R. glacialis DBVPG 4785 is a cold adapted yeast, lipid production occurs over a broad range of temperatures and it can be considered an interesting microorganism for the production of single cell oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Amaretti
- Department of Chemistry-University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy.
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Xu S, Zhou J, Qin Y, Liu L, Chen J. Water-forming NADH oxidase protects Torulopsis glabrata against hyperosmotic stress. Yeast 2010; 27:207-16. [PMID: 20037925 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A heterologous water-forming NADH oxidase was introduced into Torulopsis glabrata and the effect on cell growth under hyperosmotic conditions was investigated. Expression of the noxE gene from Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 in T. glabrata resulted in a marked decrease in the NADH : NAD+ ratio and higher activities of key enzymes in water-regenerating pathways, leading to an increase in intracellular water content. NaCl-induced reactive oxygen species production was also decreased by the introduction of NADH oxidase, resulting in a significant increase in the growth of T. glabrata under hyperosmotic stress conditions (3824 mOsmol/kg). The results indicated that the osmotolerance of cells can be enhanced by manipulating water-production pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and School of Biotechnology and Key Technology and Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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Xu S, Zhou J, Liu L, Chen J. Proline enhances Torulopsis glabrata growth during hyperosmotic stress. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-0131-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Oh DH, Lee SY, Bressan RA, Yun DJ, Bohnert HJ. Intracellular consequences of SOS1 deficiency during salt stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2010; 5:766-8. [PMID: 20054031 PMCID: PMC2826659 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Revised: 12/12/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A mutation of AtSOS1 (Salt Overly Sensitive 1), a plasma membrane Na(+)/H(+)-antiporter in Arabidopsis thaliana, leads to a salt-sensitive phenotype accompanied by the death of root cells under salt stress. Intracellular events and changes in gene expression were compared during a non-lethal salt stress between the wild type and a representative SOS1 mutant, atsos1-1, by confocal microscopy using ion-specific fluorophores and by quantitative RT-PCR. In addition to the higher accumulation of sodium ions, atsos1-1 showed inhibition of endocytosis, abnormalities in vacuolar shape and function, and changes in intracellular pH compared to the wild type in root tip cells under stress. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed a dramatically faster and higher induction of root-specific Ca(2+) transporters, including several CAXs and CNGCs, and the drastic down-regulation of genes involved in pH-homeostasis and membrane potential maintenance. Differential regulation of genes for functions in intracellular protein trafficking in atsos1-1 was also observed. The results suggested roles of the SOS1 protein, in addition to its function as a Na(+)/H(+) antiporter, whose disruption affected membrane traffic and vacuolar functions possibly by controlling pH homeostasis in root cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ha Oh
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program) and Environmental BiotechnologyNational Core Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang NationalUniversity, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program) and Environmental BiotechnologyNational Core Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang NationalUniversity, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Ray A. Bressan
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, WestLafayette, IN 47907, USA
- WCU Program, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660--701, Korea
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 program) and Environmental BiotechnologyNational Core Research Center, Graduate School of Gyeongsang NationalUniversity, Jinju 660-701, Korea
- WCU Program, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660--701, Korea
| | - Hans J. Bohnert
- WCU Program, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660--701, Korea
- Departments of Plant Biology and of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Gunde-Cimerman N, Ramos J, Plemenitaš A. Halotolerant and halophilic fungi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 113:1231-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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