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Rodríguez-Zapata M, López-Rodríguez R, Ramos-Álvarez MDP, Herradón G, Pérez-García C, Gramage E. Pleiotrophin modulates acute and long-term LPS-induced neuroinflammatory responses and hippocampal neurogenesis. Toxicology 2024; 509:153947. [PMID: 39255863 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus is one of the most vulnerable regions affected in disorders characterized by overt neuroinflammation such as neurodegenerative diseases. Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a neurotrophic factor that modulates acute neuroinflammation in different contexts. PTN is found highly upregulated in the brain in different chronic disorders characterized by neuroinflammation, suggesting an important role in the modulation of sustained neuroinflammation. To test this hypothesis, we studied the acute and long-term effects of a single lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 mg/kg) administration in Ptn+/+ and Ptn-/- mice, and in mice with Ptn-overexpression (Ptn-Tg). Endogenous PTN levels proportionally modulate LPS-induced increase in TNF-α plasma levels one hour after treatment. In the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, a lower percentage of DCX+ cells were detected in saline-treated Ptn-/- mice compared to Ptn+/+ mice, suggesting a crucial role of PTN in the maintenance of hippocampal neuronal progenitors. The data show that PTN overexpression tends to potentiate acute microglial responses in the DG 16 hours after LPS treatment. Remarkably, a significant increase in the number of neuronal progenitors together with astrogliosis was detected 10 months after a single injection of LPS treatment in wild type mice. However, these LPS-induced long-term effects were prevented in Ptn-/- and Ptn-Tg mice, suggesting that PTN modulates LPS-induced long-term neurogenesis changes and astrocytic response in the hippocampus. The data presented here suggest that endogenous PTN levels are crucial in the regulation of acute LPS-induced systemic and hippocampal microglial responses in young mice. Furthermore, our findings provide evidence of the key role of PTN in the regulation of long-term LPS effects on astrocytic response and neurogenesis in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rodríguez-Zapata
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain
| | - Rosario López-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain
| | - María Del Pilar Ramos-Álvarez
- Departamento de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Herradón
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Estudios de las Adicciones, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-García
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Estudios de las Adicciones, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain
| | - Esther Gramage
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Estudios de las Adicciones, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Urbanización Montepríncipe, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid 28660, Spain.
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Bonzano S, Dallorto E, Bovetti S, Studer M, De Marchis S. Mitochondrial regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Insights into neurological function and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 199:106604. [PMID: 39002810 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential regulators of cellular energy metabolism and play a crucial role in the maintenance and function of neuronal cells. Studies in the last decade have highlighted the importance of mitochondrial dynamics and bioenergetics in adult neurogenesis, a process that significantly influences cognitive function and brain plasticity. In this review, we examine the mechanisms by which mitochondria regulate adult neurogenesis, focusing on the impact of mitochondrial function on the behavior of neural stem/progenitor cells and the maturation and plasticity of newborn neurons in the adult mouse hippocampus. In addition, we explore the link between mitochondrial dysfunction, adult hippocampal neurogenesis and genes associated with cognitive deficits in neurodevelopmental disorders. In particular, we provide insights into how alterations in the transcriptional regulator NR2F1 affect mitochondrial dynamics and may contribute to the pathophysiology of the emerging neurodevelopmental disorder Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome (BBSOAS). Understanding how genes involved in embryonic and adult neurogenesis affect mitochondrial function in neurological diseases might open new directions for therapeutic interventions aimed at boosting mitochondrial function during postnatal life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy
| | - Eleonora Dallorto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy; Institute de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Université Cote d'Azur (UCA), CNRS 7277, Inserm 1091, Avenue Valrose 28, Nice 06108, France
| | - Serena Bovetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy
| | - Michèle Studer
- Institute de Biologie Valrose (iBV), Université Cote d'Azur (UCA), CNRS 7277, Inserm 1091, Avenue Valrose 28, Nice 06108, France
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology (DBIOS), University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Turin 10123, Italy; Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano 10043, Italy.
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3
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Zhao T, Hong Y, Yan B, Huang S, Ming GL, Song H. Epigenetic maintenance of adult neural stem cell quiescence in the mouse hippocampus via Setd1a. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5674. [PMID: 38971831 PMCID: PMC11227589 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Quiescence, a hallmark of adult neural stem cells (NSCs), is required for maintaining the NSC pool to support life-long continuous neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus (DG). Whether long-lasting epigenetic modifications maintain NSC quiescence over the long term in the adult DG is not well-understood. Here we show that mice with haploinsufficiency of Setd1a, a schizophrenia risk gene encoding a histone H3K4 methyltransferase, develop an enlarged DG with more dentate granule cells after young adulthood. Deletion of Setd1a specifically in quiescent NSCs in the adult DG promotes their activation and neurogenesis, which is countered by inhibition of the histone demethylase LSD1. Mechanistically, RNA-sequencing and CUT & RUN analyses of cultured quiescent adult NSCs reveal Setd1a deletion-induced transcriptional changes and many Setd1a targets, among which down-regulation of Bhlhe40 promotes quiescent NSC activation in the adult DG in vivo. Together, our study reveals a Setd1a-dependent epigenetic mechanism that sustains NSC quiescence in the adult DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philedaphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yan Hong
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philedaphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bowen Yan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Suming Huang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philedaphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philedaphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philedaphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philedaphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philedaphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philedaphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philedaphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philedaphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Tiwari S, Phoolmala, Goyal S, Yadav RK, Chaturvedi RK. Bisphenol-F and Bisphenol-S (BPF and BPS) Impair the Stemness of Neural Stem Cells and Neuronal Fate Decision in the Hippocampus Leading to Cognitive Dysfunctions. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04160-1. [PMID: 38635025 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurogenesis occurs throughout life in the hippocampus of the brain, and many environmental toxicants inhibit neural stem cell (NSC) function and neuronal generation. Bisphenol-A (BPA), an endocrine disrupter used for surface coating of plastic products causes injury in the developing and adult brain; thus, many countries have banned its usage in plastic consumer products. BPA analogs/alternatives such as bisphenol-F (BPF) and bisphenol-S (BPS) may also cause neurotoxicity; however, their effects on neurogenesis are still not known. We studied the effects of BPF and BPS exposure from gestational day 6 to postnatal day 21 on neurogenesis. We found that exposure to non-cytotoxic concentrations of BPF and BPS significantly decreased the number/size of neurospheres, BrdU+ (proliferating NSC marker) and MAP-2+ (neuronal marker) cells and GFAP+ astrocytes in the hippocampus NSC culture, suggesting reduced NSC stemness and self-renewal and neuronal differentiation and increased gliogenesis. These analogs also reduced the number of BrdU/Sox-2+, BrdU/Dcx+, and BrdU/NeuN+ co-labeled cells in the hippocampus of the rat brain, suggesting decreased NSC proliferation and impaired maturation of newborn neurons. BPF and BPS treatment increases BrdU/cleaved caspase-3+ cells and Bax-2 and cleaved caspase protein levels, leading to increased apoptosis in hippocampal NSCs. Transmission electron microscopy studies suggest that BPF and BPS also caused degeneration of neuronal myelin sheath, altered mitochondrial morphology, and reduced number of synapses in the hippocampus leading to altered cognitive functions. These results suggest that BPF and BPS exposure decreased the NSC pool, inhibited neurogenesis, induced apoptosis of NSCs, caused myelin degeneration/synapse degeneration, and impaired learning and memory in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Tiwari
- Molecular Neurotoxicology and Cell Integrity Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Phoolmala
- Molecular Neurotoxicology and Cell Integrity Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shweta Goyal
- Molecular Neurotoxicology and Cell Integrity Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ranjeet Kumar Yadav
- Molecular Neurotoxicology and Cell Integrity Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Molecular Neurotoxicology and Cell Integrity Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, FEST Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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5
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Bao S, Romero JM, Belfort BD, Arenkiel BR. Signaling mechanisms underlying activity-dependent integration of adult-born neurons in the mouse olfactory bulb. Genesis 2024; 62:e23595. [PMID: 38553878 PMCID: PMC10987073 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis has fascinated the field of neuroscience for decades given the prospects of harnessing mechanisms that facilitate the rewiring and/or replacement of adult brain tissue. The subgranular zone of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle are the two main areas in the brain that exhibit ongoing neurogenesis. Of these, adult-born neurons within the olfactory bulb have proven to be a powerful model for studying circuit plasticity, providing a broad and accessible avenue into neuron development, migration, and continued circuit integration within adult brain tissue. This review focuses on some of the recognized molecular and signaling mechanisms underlying activity-dependent adult-born neuron development. Notably, olfactory activity and behavioral states contribute to adult-born neuron plasticity through sensory and centrifugal inputs, in which calcium-dependent transcriptional programs, local translation, and neuropeptide signaling play important roles. This review also highlights areas of needed continued investigation to better understand the remarkable phenomenon of adult-born neuron integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyang Bao
- Development, Disease Models, and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Juan M. Romero
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin D.W. Belfort
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Arenkiel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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6
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Kim SH, Kim CH. Neuronal IGF-1 overexpression restores hippocampal newborn cell survival and recent CFC memory consolidation in Ca v1.3 knock-out mice. Brain Res 2024; 1825:148712. [PMID: 38097125 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) exogenously supplied in the brain was shown to enhance the survival of hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) newborn cells and some cognitive functions of mice. This study aims to test whether IGF-1 requires Cav1.3 activity critically while enhancing newborn cell survival and cognitive functions. We used Cav1.3 KO mice, where both DG newborn cell survival and the recent (1 day) single-trial contextual fear conditioning (CFC) memory consolidation were impaired. To supply IGF-1, we overexpressed (OX) IGF-1 in DG mature neurons by injecting an adeno-associated virus (AAV-IGF-1-mCherry) into the hippocampal areas of Cav1.3 KO mice. Our results, first, confirmed the enhanced expression of IGF-1 in the DG granule cell layer by immunohistochemistry. Next, we found this IGF-1 OX resulted in fully restoring both the survival rate of DCX (+) newborn cells and the recent single-trial CFC memory formation in Cav1.3 KO mice. Our results show that IGF-1 can enhance the survival of DG immature newborn cells and the recent CFC memory formation in a Cav1.3 channel-independent manner in vivo, suggesting activation of complementary pathways including the Cav1.2 channel. The result will help the application of adult newborn cell-based therapy improve the cognitive functions of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hyun Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Hyun Kim
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, Neuroscience Program, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Basu S, Ro EJ, Liu Z, Kim H, Bennett A, Kang S, Suh H. The Mef2c Gene Dose-Dependently Controls Hippocampal Neurogenesis and the Expression of Autism-Like Behaviors. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1058232023. [PMID: 38123360 PMCID: PMC10860657 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1058-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the activity-dependent transcription factor MEF2C have been associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. Among these, autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-related behavioral deficits are manifested. Multiple animal models that harbor mutations in Mef2c have provided compelling evidence that Mef2c is indeed an ASD gene. However, studies in mice with germline or global brain knock-out of Mef2c are limited in their ability to identify the precise neural substrates and cell types that are required for the expression of Mef2c-mediated ASD behaviors. Given the role of hippocampal neurogenesis in cognitive and social behaviors, in this study we aimed to investigate the role of Mef2c in the structure and function of newly generated dentate granule cells (DGCs) in the postnatal hippocampus and to determine whether disrupted Mef2c function is responsible for manifesting ASD behaviors. Overexpression of Mef2c (Mef2cOE ) arrested the transition of neurogenesis at progenitor stages, as indicated by sustained expression of Sox2+ in Mef2cOE DGCs. Conditional knock-out of Mef2c (Mef2ccko ) allowed neuronal commitment of Mef2ccko cells; however, Mef2ccko impaired not only dendritic arborization and spine formation but also synaptic transmission onto Mef2ccko DGCs. Moreover, the abnormal structure and function of Mef2ccko DGCs led to deficits in social interaction and social novelty recognition, which are key characteristics of ASD behaviors. Thus, our study revealed a dose-dependent requirement of Mef2c in the control of distinct steps of neurogenesis, as well as a critical cell-autonomous function of Mef2c in newborn DGCs in the expression of proper social behavior in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreetama Basu
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 44109, Ohio
| | - Eun Jeoung Ro
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 44109, Ohio
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 44109, Ohio
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta 30912, Georgia
| | - Aubrey Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta 30912, Georgia
| | - Seungwoo Kang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta 30912, Georgia
| | - Hoonkyo Suh
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland 44109, Ohio
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Madrid LI, Hafey K, Bandhavkar S, Bodea GO, Jimenez-Martin J, Milne M, Walker TL, Faulkner GJ, Coulson EJ, Jhaveri DJ. Stimulation of the muscarinic receptor M4 regulates neural precursor cell proliferation and promotes adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Development 2024; 151:dev201835. [PMID: 38063486 PMCID: PMC10820734 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cholinergic signaling plays a crucial role in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis; however, the mechanisms by which acetylcholine mediates neurogenic effects are not completely understood. Here, we report the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtype M4 (M4 mAChR) on a subpopulation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the adult mouse hippocampus, and demonstrate that its pharmacological stimulation promotes their proliferation, thereby enhancing the production of new neurons in vivo. Using a targeted ablation approach, we also show that medial septum (MS) and the diagonal band of Broca (DBB) cholinergic neurons support both the survival and morphological maturation of adult-born neurons in the mouse hippocampus. Although the systemic administration of an M4-selective allosteric potentiator fails to fully rescue the MS/DBB cholinergic lesion-induced decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis, it further exacerbates the impairment in the morphological maturation of adult-born neurons. Collectively, these findings reveal stage-specific roles of M4 mAChRs in regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis, uncoupling their positive role in enhancing the production of new neurons from the M4-induced inhibition of their morphological maturation, at least in the context of cholinergic signaling dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia I. Madrid
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katelyn Hafey
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - Saurabh Bandhavkar
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gabriela O. Bodea
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - Javier Jimenez-Martin
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Milne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tara L. Walker
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J. Faulkner
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4102, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth J. Coulson
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dhanisha J. Jhaveri
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Queensland, Australia
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane QLD 4102, Queensland, Australia
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9
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Šimončičová E, Henderson Pekarik K, Vecchiarelli HA, Lauro C, Maggi L, Tremblay MÈ. Adult Neurogenesis, Learning and Memory. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:221-242. [PMID: 39207695 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Neural plasticity can be defined as the ability of neural circuits to be shaped by external and internal factors. It provides the brain with a capacity for functional and morphological remodelling, with many lines of evidence indicating that these changes are vital for learning and memory formation. The basis of this brain plasticity resides in activity- and experience-driven modifications of synaptic strength, including synaptic formation, elimination or weakening, as well as of modulation of neuronal population, which drive the structural reorganization of neural networks. Recent evidence indicates that brain-resident glial cells actively participate in these processes, suggesting that mechanisms underlying plasticity in the brain are multifaceted. Establishing the 'tripartite' synapse, the role of astrocytes in modulating synaptic transmission in response to neuronal activity was recognized first. Further redefinition of the synapse as 'quad-partite' followed to acknowledge the contribution of microglia which were revealed to affect numerous brain functions via dynamic interactions with synapses, acting as 'synaptic sensors' that respond to neuronal activity and neurotransmitter release, as well as crosstalk with astrocytes. Early studies identified microglial ability to dynamically survey their local brain environment and established their integral role in the active interfacing of environmental stimuli (both internal and external), with brain plasticity and remodelling. Following the introduction to neurogenesis, this chapter details the role that microglia play in regulating neurogenesis in adulthood, specifically as it relates to learning and memory, as well as factors involved in modulation of microglia. Further, a microglial perspective is introduced for the context of environmental enrichment impact on neurogenesis, learning and memory across states of stress, ageing, disease and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Šimončičová
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Clotilde Lauro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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10
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Noguchi H, Arela JC, Ngo T, Cocas L, Pleasure S. Shh from mossy cells contributes to preventing NSC pool depletion after seizure-induced neurogenesis and in aging. eLife 2023; 12:RP91263. [PMID: 38079471 PMCID: PMC10712957 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epileptic seizures induce aberrant neurogenesis from resident neural stem cells (NSCs) in the dentate gyrus of the adult mouse hippocampus, which has been implicated in depletion of the NSC pool and impairment of hippocampal function. However, the mechanisms regulating neurogenesis after seizures remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) from mossy cells is a major source of Shh signaling activity after seizures, by which mossy cells contribute to seizure-induced neurogenesis and maintenance of the NSC pool. Deletion of Shh from mossy cells attenuates seizure-induced neurogenesis. Moreover, in the absence of Shh from mossy cells, NSCs pool are prematurely depleted after seizure-induced proliferation, and NSCs have impaired self-renewal. Likewise, lack of Shh from mossy cells accelerates age-related decline of the NSC pool with accompanying reduction of self-renewal of NSCs outside the context of pathology such as seizures. Together, our findings indicate that Shh from mossy cells is critical to maintain NSCs and to prevent exhaustion from excessive consumption in aging and after seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Jessica Chelsea Arela
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Thomas Ngo
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Laura Cocas
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Santa Clara University, Biology Department, Neuroscience ProgramSanta ClaraUnited States
| | - Samuel Pleasure
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
- Programs in Neuroscience and Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
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11
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Wu A, Zhang J. Neuroinflammation, memory, and depression: new approaches to hippocampal neurogenesis. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:283. [PMID: 38012702 PMCID: PMC10683283 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of most common and severe mental disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD) significantly increases the risks of premature death and other medical conditions for patients. Neuroinflammation is the abnormal immune response in the brain, and its correlation with MDD is receiving increasing attention. Neuroinflammation has been reported to be involved in MDD through distinct neurobiological mechanisms, among which the dysregulation of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus (HPC) is receiving increasing attention. The DG of the hippocampus is one of two niches for neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain, and neurotrophic factors are fundamental regulators of this neurogenesis process. The reported cell types involved in mediating neuroinflammation include microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, meningeal leukocytes, and peripheral immune cells which selectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier and infiltrate into inflammatory regions. This review summarizes the functions of the hippocampus affected by neuroinflammation during MDD progression and the corresponding influences on the memory of MDD patients and model animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbiao Wu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
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12
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Zhou Y, Li H, Liu X, Chi X, Gu Z, Cui B, Bergquist J, Wang B, Tian G, Yang C, Xu F, Mi J. The Combination of Quantitative Proteomics and Systems Genetics Analysis Reveals that PTN Is Associated with Sleep-Loss-Induced Cognitive Impairment. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:2936-2949. [PMID: 37611228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Sleep loss is associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we established a para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA)-induced insomniac mouse model with impaired cognitive function. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomics showed that the expression of 164 proteins was significantly altered in the hippocampus of the PCPA mice. To identify critical regulators among the potential markers, a transcriptome-wide association screening was performed in the BXD mice panel. Among the candidates, the expression of pleiotrophin (Ptn) was significantly associated with cognitive functions, indicating that Ptn-mediates sleep-loss-induced cognitive impairment. Gene co-expression analysis further revealed the potential mechanism by which Ptn mediates insomnia-induced cognitive impairment via the MAPK signaling pathway; that is, the decreased secretion of Ptn induced by insomnia leads to reduced binding to Ptprz1 on the postsynaptic membrane with the activation of the MAPK pathway via Fos and Nr4a1, further leading to the apoptosis of neurons. In addition, Ptn is genetically trans-regulated in the mouse hippocampus and implicated in neurodegenerative diseases in human genome-wide association studies. Our study provides a novel biomarker for insomnia-induced cognitive impairment and a new strategy for seeking neurological biomarkers by the integration of proteomics and systems genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Zhou
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Hui Li
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Xiaodong Chi
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Zhaoxi Gu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Binsen Cui
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Jonas Bergquist
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Analytical Chemistry and Neurochemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75124, Sweden
| | - Binsheng Wang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Geng Tian
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Fuyi Xu
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
| | - Jia Mi
- Shandong Technology Innovation Center of Molecular Targeting and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
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13
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Noguchi H, Arela JC, Ngo TT, Cocas L, Pleasure SJ. Shh from mossy cells contributes to preventing NSC pool depletion after seizure-induced neurogenesis and in aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.21.554173. [PMID: 37662214 PMCID: PMC10473584 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.21.554173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Epileptic seizures induce aberrant neurogenesis from resident neural stem cells (NSCs) in the dentate gyrus of the adult mouse hippocampus, which has been implicated in depletion of the NSC pool and impairment of hippocampal function. However, the mechanisms regulating neurogenesis after seizures remain unknown. Here we demonstrate that Shh from mossy cells is a major source of Shh signaling activity after seizures, by which mossy cells contribute to seizure-induced neurogenesis and maintenance of the NSC pool. Deletion of Shh from mossy cells attenuates seizure-induced neurogenesis. Moreover, in the absence of Shh from mossy cells, NSCs pool are prematurely depleted after seizure-induced proliferation, and NSCs have impaired self-renewal. Likewise, lack of Shh from mossy cells accelerates age-related decline of the NSC pool with accompanying reduction of self-renewal of NSCs outside the context of pathology such as seizures. Together, our findings indicate that Shh from mossy cells is critical to maintain NSCs and to prevent exhaustion from excessive consumption in aging and after seizures.
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14
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Johnson ZV, Hegarty BE, Gruenhagen GW, Lancaster TJ, McGrath PT, Streelman JT. Cellular profiling of a recently-evolved social behavior in cichlid fishes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4891. [PMID: 37580322 PMCID: PMC10425353 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Social behaviors are diverse in nature, but it is unclear how conserved genes, brain regions, and cell populations generate this diversity. Here we investigate bower-building, a recently-evolved social behavior in cichlid fishes. We use single nucleus RNA-sequencing in 38 individuals to show signatures of recent behavior in specific neuronal populations, and building-associated rebalancing of neuronal proportions in the putative homolog of the hippocampal formation. Using comparative genomics across 27 species, we trace bower-associated genome evolution to a subpopulation of glia lining the dorsal telencephalon. We show evidence that building-associated neural activity and a departure from quiescence in this glial subpopulation together regulate hippocampal-like neuronal rebalancing. Our work links behavior-associated genomic variation to specific brain cell types and their functions, and suggests a social behavior has evolved through changes in glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary V Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Brianna E Hegarty
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - George W Gruenhagen
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Tucker J Lancaster
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Patrick T McGrath
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Jeffrey T Streelman
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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15
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Makrygianni EA, Chrousos GP. Neural Progenitor Cells and the Hypothalamus. Cells 2023; 12:1822. [PMID: 37508487 PMCID: PMC10378393 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are multipotent neural stem cells (NSCs) capable of self-renewing and differentiating into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. In the postnatal/adult brain, NPCs are primarily located in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles (LVs) and subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). There is evidence that NPCs are also present in the postnatal/adult hypothalamus, a highly conserved brain region involved in the regulation of core homeostatic processes, such as feeding, metabolism, reproduction, neuroendocrine integration and autonomic output. In the rodent postnatal/adult hypothalamus, NPCs mainly comprise different subtypes of tanycytes lining the wall of the 3rd ventricle. In the postnatal/adult human hypothalamus, the neurogenic niche is constituted by tanycytes at the floor of the 3rd ventricle, ependymal cells and ribbon cells (showing a gap-and-ribbon organization similar to that in the SVZ), as well as suprachiasmatic cells. We speculate that in the postnatal/adult human hypothalamus, neurogenesis occurs in a highly complex, exquisitely sophisticated neurogenic niche consisting of at least four subniches; this structure has a key role in the regulation of extrahypothalamic neurogenesis, and hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic neural circuits, partly through the release of neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia A Makrygianni
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health & Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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16
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Li HH, Liu Y, Chen HS, Wang J, Li YK, Zhao Y, Sun R, He JG, Wang F, Chen JG. PDGF-BB-Dependent Neurogenesis Buffers Depressive-Like Behaviors by Inhibition of GABAergic Projection from Medial Septum to Dentate Gyrus. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2301110. [PMID: 37325895 PMCID: PMC10401107 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hippocampal circuitry stimulation is sufficient to regulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis and ameliorate depressive-like behavior, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, it is shown that inhibition of medial septum (MS)-dentate gyrus (DG) circuit reverses the chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)-induced depression-like behavior. Further analysis exhibits that inhibition of gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons in MS projecting to the DG (MSGABA+ -DG) increases the expression of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in somatostatin (SOM) positive interneurons of DG, which contributes to the antidepressant-like effects. Overexpression of the PDGF-BB or exogenous administration of PDGF-BB in DG rescues the effect of chronic stress on the inhibition of neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation and dendritic growth of adult-born hippocampal neurons, as well as on depressive-like behaviors. Conversely, knockdown of PDGF-BB facilitates CSDS-induced deficit of hippocampal neurogenesis and promotes the susceptibility to chronic stress in mice. Finally, conditional knockdown platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) in NSCs blocks an increase in NSCs proliferation and the antidepressant effects of PDGF-BB. These results delineate a previously unidentified PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signaling in regulating depressive-like behaviors and identify a novel mechanism by which the MSGABA+ -DG pathway regulates the expression of PDGF-BB in SOM-positive interneurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hou-Hong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu-Ke Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jin-Gang He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, Wuhan, 430030, China
- The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan, 430030, China
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17
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Zhang F, Yoon K, Kim NS, Ming GL, Song H. Cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous roles of NKCC1 in regulating neural stem cell quiescence in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Stem Cell Reports 2023:S2213-6711(23)00200-X. [PMID: 37390823 PMCID: PMC10362507 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Quiescence is a hallmark of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) in the mammalian brain, and establishment and maintenance of quiescence is essential for life-long continuous neurogenesis. How NSCs in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus acquire their quiescence during early postnatal stages and continuously maintain quiescence in adulthood is poorly understood. Here, we show that Hopx-CreERT2-mediated conditional deletion of Nkcc1, which encodes a chloride importer, in mouse DG NSCs impairs both their quiescence acquisition at early postnatal stages and quiescence maintenance in adulthood. Furthermore, PV-CreERT2-mediated deletion of Nkcc1 in PV interneurons in the adult mouse brain leads to activation of quiescent DG NSCs, resulting in an expanded NSC pool. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of NKCC1 promotes NSC proliferation in both early postnatal and adult mouse DG. Together, our study reveals both cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous roles of NKCC1 in regulating the acquisition and maintenance of NSC quiescence in the mammalian hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kijun Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nam-Shik Kim
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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18
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Shi HJ, Wang S, Wang XP, Zhang RX, Zhu LJ. Hippocampus: Molecular, Cellular, and Circuit Features in Anxiety. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1009-1026. [PMID: 36680709 PMCID: PMC10264315 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are currently a major psychiatric and social problem, the mechanisms of which have been only partially elucidated. The hippocampus serves as a major target of stress mediators and is closely related to anxiety modulation. Yet so far, its complex anatomy has been a challenge for research on the mechanisms of anxiety regulation. Recent advances in imaging, virus tracking, and optogenetics/chemogenetics have permitted elucidation of the activity, connectivity, and function of specific cell types within the hippocampus and its connected brain regions, providing mechanistic insights into the elaborate organization of the hippocampal circuitry underlying anxiety. Studies of hippocampal neurotransmitter systems, including glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic systems, have contributed to the interpretation of the underlying neural mechanisms of anxiety. Neuropeptides and neuroinflammatory factors are also involved in anxiety modulation. This review comprehensively summarizes the hippocampal mechanisms associated with anxiety modulation, based on molecular, cellular, and circuit properties, to provide tailored targets for future anxiety treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Jiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xin-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Rui-Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201108, China.
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19
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Zhang C, Xue P, Zhang H, Tan C, Zhao S, Li X, Sun L, Zheng H, Wang J, Zhang B, Lang W. Gut brain interaction theory reveals gut microbiota mediated neurogenesis and traditional Chinese medicine research strategies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1072341. [PMID: 36569198 PMCID: PMC9772886 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1072341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is the process of differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons and glial cells in certain areas of the adult brain. Defects in neurogenesis can lead to neurodegenerative diseases, mental disorders, and other maladies. This process is directionally regulated by transcription factors, the Wnt and Notch pathway, the extracellular matrix, and various growth factors. External factors like stress, physical exercise, diet, medications, etc., affect neurogenesis and the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota may affect NSCs through vagal, immune and chemical pathways, and other pathways. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been proven to affect NSCs proliferation and differentiation and can regulate the abundance and metabolites produced by intestinal microorganisms. However, the underlying mechanisms by which these factors regulate neurogenesis through the gut microbiota are not fully understood. In this review, we describe the recent evidence on the role of the gut microbiota in neurogenesis. Moreover, we hypothesize on the characteristics of the microbiota-gut-brain axis based on bacterial phyla, including microbiota's metabolites, and neuronal and immune pathways while providing an outlook on TCM's potential effects on adult neurogenesis by regulating gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Chenxi Tan
- Department of Infection Control, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Shiyao Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Lihui Sun
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Huihui Zheng
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jun Wang
- The Academic Affairs Office, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Baoling Zhang
- Department of Operating Room, Qiqihar First Hospital, Qiqihar, China
| | - Weiya Lang
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China,*Correspondence: Weiya Lang,
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20
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Alkailani MI, Aittaleb M, Tissir F. WNT signaling at the intersection between neurogenesis and brain tumorigenesis. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1017568. [PMID: 36267699 PMCID: PMC9577257 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1017568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis and tumorigenesis share signaling molecules/pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and death. Self-renewal of neural stem cells is a tightly regulated process that secures the accuracy of cell division and eliminates cells that undergo mitotic errors. Abnormalities in the molecular mechanisms controlling this process can trigger aneuploidy and genome instability, leading to neoplastic transformation. Mutations that affect cell adhesion, polarity, or migration enhance the invasive potential and favor the progression of tumors. Here, we review recent evidence of the WNT pathway’s involvement in both neurogenesis and tumorigenesis and discuss the experimental progress on therapeutic opportunities targeting components of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisa I. Alkailani
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed Aittaleb
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fadel Tissir
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Fadel Tissir,
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21
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Parmentier T, James FMK, Hewitson E, Bailey C, Werry N, Sheridan SD, Perlis RH, Perreault ML, Gaitero L, Lalonde J, LaMarre J. Human cerebral spheroids undergo 4-aminopyridine-induced, activity associated changes in cellular composition and microrna expression. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9143. [PMID: 35650420 PMCID: PMC9160269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity-induced neurogenesis has been extensively studied in rodents but the lack of ante mortem accessibility to human brain at the cellular and molecular levels limits studies of the process in humans. Using cerebral spheroids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we investigated the effects of 4-aminopyridine (4AP) on neuronal activity and associated neurogenesis. Our studies demonstrate that 4AP increases neuronal activity in 3-month-old cerebral spheroids while increasing numbers of new neurons and decreasing the population of new glial cells. We also observed a significant decrease in the expression of miR-135a, which has previously been shown to be decreased in exercise-induced neurogenesis. Predicted targets of miR-135a include key participants in the SMAD2/3 and BDNF pathways. Together, our results suggest that iPSC-derived cerebral spheroids are an attractive model to study several aspects of activity-induced neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Parmentier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Fiona M K James
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Hewitson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Craig Bailey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Werry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Steven D Sheridan
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roy H Perlis
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa L Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Luis Gaitero
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jasmin Lalonde
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan LaMarre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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22
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Single-cell transcriptomics of adult macaque hippocampus reveals neural precursor cell populations. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:805-817. [PMID: 35637371 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The extent to which neurogenesis occurs in adult primates remains controversial. In this study, using an optimized single-cell RNA sequencing pipeline, we profiled 207,785 cells from the adult macaque hippocampus and identified 34 cell populations comprising all major hippocampal cell types. Analysis of their gene expression, specification trajectories and gene regulatory networks revealed the presence of all key neurogenic precursor cell populations, including a heterogeneous pool of radial glia-like cells (RGLs), intermediate progenitor cells (IPCs) and neuroblasts. We identified HMGB2 as a novel IPC marker. Comparison with mouse single-cell transcriptomic data revealed differences in neurogenic processes between species. We confirmed that neurogenesis is recapitulated in ex vivo neurosphere cultures from adult primates, further supporting the existence of neural precursor cells (NPCs) that are able to proliferate and differentiate. Our large-scale dataset provides a comprehensive adult neurogenesis atlas for primates.
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23
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Robust adult neurogenesis in the primate hippocampus. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:684-685. [DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01075-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Chang YS, Lin CL, Lee CW, Lin HC, Wu YT, Shih YH. Exercise Normalized the Hippocampal Renin-Angiotensin System and Restored Spatial Memory Function, Neurogenesis, and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in the 2K1C-Hypertensive Mouse. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105531. [PMID: 35628344 PMCID: PMC9146761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with blood-brain barrier alteration and brain function decline. Previously, we established the 2-kidney,1-clip (2K1C) hypertensive mice model by renin-angiotensin system (RAS) stimulating. We found that 2K1C-induced hypertension would impair hippocampus-related memory function and decrease adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Even though large studies have investigated the mechanism of hypertension affecting brain function, there remains a lack of efficient ways to halt this vicious effect. The previous study indicated that running exercise ameliorates neurogenesis and spatial memory function in aging mice. Moreover, studies showed that exercise could normalize RAS activity, which might be associated with neurogenesis impairment. Thus, we hypothesize that running exercise could ameliorate neurogenesis and spatial memory function impairment in the 2K1C-hypertension mice. In this study, we performed 2K1C surgery on eight-weeks-old C57BL/6 mice and put them on treadmill exercise one month after the surgery. The results indicate that running exercise improves the spatial memory and neurogenesis impairment of the 2K1C-mice. Moreover, running exercise normalized the activated RAS and blood-brain barrier leakage of the hippocampus, although the blood pressure was not decreased. In conclusion, running exercise could halt hypertension-induced brain impairment through RAS normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Shuang Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (H.-C.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Lung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Wan Lee
- Department of Nursing, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing, 78, Section 2, Minzu Road, West Central District, Tainan 70043, Taiwan;
| | - Han-Chen Lin
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (H.-C.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Wu
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung County 92641, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Hsiang Shih
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (Y.-S.C.); (H.-C.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Sanmin District, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2144)
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25
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Li YD, Luo YJ, Chen ZK, Quintanilla L, Cherasse Y, Zhang L, Lazarus M, Huang ZL, Song J. Hypothalamic modulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice confers activity-dependent regulation of memory and anxiety-like behavior. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:630-645. [PMID: 35524139 PMCID: PMC9287980 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays a critical role in memory and emotion processing, and this process is dynamically regulated by neural circuit activity. However, it remains unknown whether manipulation of neural circuit activity can achieve sufficient neurogenic effects to modulate behavior. Here we report that chronic patterned optogenetic stimulation of supramammillary nucleus (SuM) neurons in the mouse hypothalamus robustly promotes neurogenesis at multiple stages, leading to increased production of neural stem cells and behaviorally relevant adult-born neurons (ABNs) with enhanced maturity. Functionally, selective manipulation of the activity of these SuM-promoted ABNs modulates memory retrieval and anxiety-like behaviors. Furthermore, we show that SuM neurons are highly responsive to environmental novelty (EN) and are required for EN-induced enhancement of neurogenesis. Moreover, SuM is required for ABN activity-dependent behavioral modulation under a novel environment. Our study identifies a key hypothalamic circuit that couples novelty signals to the production and maturation of ABNs, and highlights the activity-dependent contribution of circuit-modified ABNs in behavioral regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yan-Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ze-Ka Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luis Quintanilla
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yoan Cherasse
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Libo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael Lazarus
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS) and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Zhi-Li Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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26
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Sun P, Wang M, Li Z, Wei J, Liu F, Zheng W, Zhu X, Chai X, Zhao S. Eucommiae cortex polysaccharides mitigate obesogenic diet-induced cognitive and social dysfunction via modulation of gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism. Theranostics 2022; 12:3637-3655. [PMID: 35664075 PMCID: PMC9131264 DOI: 10.7150/thno.72756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The high fat and sucrose diet, known as the obesogenic diet (OD), has been related to low-grade chronic inflammation and neurodevelopmental disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that OD influences cognitive and social function via the gut-brain axis. However, the effects of OD during adolescence on future health have been unclear. Meanwhile, the underlying mechanisms and effective interventions are not fully understood. Polysaccharides, one of the most abundant substances in the Eucommiae cortex, exhibit potential immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effects. Here, we aimed to investigate the impact of OD on adolescents, explore the modulating roles of Eucommiae cortex polysaccharides (EPs) on OD-induced behavioral dysfunction, and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: In the present study, four-week-old mice were fed with OD for four weeks to simulate persistent OD in adolescents. The behavioral features were accessed by open field test and Morris water maze. The gut bacterial structure was identified by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The gene and protein expression in colonic tissues and hippocampus were detected by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunofluorescence staining. Detection of biological metabolites in serum and hippocampal tissues was performed by widely targeted metabolomics and targeted metabolomics. Results: We found that OD-fed mice showed cognitive and social-behavioral deficits accompanied by gut dysbiosis and systematic tryptophan (Trp) metabolism disorders, which increased kynurenine (Kyn) concentration in the hippocampus. Bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) induced microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, directing the metabolism of Kyn in the hippocampus toward quinolinic acid (QA), which led to glutamate-mediated hyperactivation of mossy cells (MCs) in hippocampal hilus. Furthermore, OD impaired parvalbumin (PV) interneurons-related local circuits in the hippocampal granule cell layer. These resulted in hippocampal neurogenesis deficits and related behavioral dysfunction in mice. EPs supplementation ameliorated OD-induced gut dysbiosis, as evidenced by inhibiting the expansion of Escherichia coli (E.coli) and reducing the concentration of LPS in colonic contents and serum, thereby inhibiting the subsequent neuroinflammation. In addition, oral EPs suppressed the peripheral Kyn pathway to reduce the concentration of QA and glutamic acid in the hippocampus of OD-fed mice, thereby rescuing the glutamic acid-triggered neuroexcitotoxicity. These contributed to remodeling the rhythm of hippocampal neurogenesis and mitigated behavioral dysfunction in OD-fed mice. Conclusions: The present study addresses a gap in the understanding of neuronal dysfunction associated with OD during adolescence and provides the first evidence that EPs improved cognitive and social behavior via modulation of gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism in adolescent mice fed with OD, which may represent novel preemptive therapy for neurodevelopmental disorders via manipulation of the tryptophan metabolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mengli Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhuoni Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jingjing Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuejun Chai
- College of Basic Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shanting Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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27
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Kurematsu C, Sawada M, Ohmuraya M, Tanaka M, Kuboyama K, Ogino T, Matsumoto M, Oishi H, Inada H, Ishido Y, Sakakibara Y, Nguyen HB, Thai TQ, Kohsaka S, Ohno N, Yamada MK, Asai M, Sokabe M, Nabekura J, Asano K, Tanaka M, Sawamoto K. Synaptic pruning of murine adult-born neurons by microglia depends on phosphatidylserine. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213073. [PMID: 35297954 PMCID: PMC9195048 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New neurons, continuously added in the adult olfactory bulb (OB) and hippocampus, are involved in information processing in neural circuits. Here, we show that synaptic pruning of adult-born neurons by microglia depends on phosphatidylserine (PS), whose exposure on dendritic spines is inversely correlated with their input activity. To study the role of PS in spine pruning by microglia in vivo, we developed an inducible transgenic mouse line, in which the exposed PS is masked by a dominant-negative form of milk fat globule-EGF-factor 8 (MFG-E8), MFG-E8D89E. In this transgenic mouse, the spine pruning of adult-born neurons by microglia is impaired in the OB and hippocampus. Furthermore, the electrophysiological properties of these adult-born neurons are altered in MFG-E8D89E mice. These data suggest that PS is involved in the microglial spine pruning and the functional maturation of adult-born neurons. The MFG-E8D89E-based genetic approach shown in this study has broad applications for understanding the biology of PS-mediated phagocytosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Kurematsu
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Sawada
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Masaki Ohmuraya
- Department of Genetics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Motoki Tanaka
- Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kuboyama
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogino
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mami Matsumoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hisashi Oishi
- Department of Comparative and Experimental Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inada
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yuri Ishido
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukina Sakakibara
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Huy Bang Nguyen
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Truc Quynh Thai
- Section of Electron Microscopy, Supportive Center for Brain Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Histology-Embryology-Genetics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Shinichi Kohsaka
- National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan.,Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Maki K Yamada
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Neuroscience, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Japan
| | - Masato Asai
- Department of Disease Model, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sokabe
- Mechanobiology Laboratory, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junichi Nabekura
- Division of Homeostatic Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Asano
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Masato Tanaka
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sawamoto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Neurobiology, Institute of Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Neural Development and Regeneration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
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28
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Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage PDE, Ang MJ, Kang S, Kim JS, Moon C. Structural Plasticity of the Hippocampus in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3349. [PMID: 35328770 PMCID: PMC8955928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity is the capacity of neural networks in the brain to alter through development and rearrangement. It can be classified as structural and functional plasticity. The hippocampus is more susceptible to neuroplasticity as compared to other brain regions. Structural modifications in the hippocampus underpin several neurodegenerative diseases that exhibit cognitive and emotional dysregulation. This article reviews the findings of several preclinical and clinical studies about the role of structural plasticity in the hippocampus in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis. In this study, literature was surveyed using Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, to review the mechanisms that underlie the alterations in the structural plasticity of the hippocampus in neurodegenerative diseases. This review summarizes the role of structural plasticity in the hippocampus for the etiopathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and identifies the current focus and gaps in knowledge about hippocampal dysfunctions. Ultimately, this information will be useful to propel future mechanistic and therapeutic research in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poornima D. E. Weerasinghe-Mudiyanselage
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (P.D.E.W.-M.); (M.J.A.); (S.K.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Mary Jasmin Ang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (P.D.E.W.-M.); (M.J.A.); (S.K.); (J.-S.K.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Los Baños 4031, Philippines
| | - Sohi Kang
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (P.D.E.W.-M.); (M.J.A.); (S.K.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Joong-Sun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (P.D.E.W.-M.); (M.J.A.); (S.K.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Animal Behavior, College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (P.D.E.W.-M.); (M.J.A.); (S.K.); (J.-S.K.)
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29
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Taylor C, Hall S, Manivannan S, Mundil N, Border S. The neuroanatomical consequences and pathological implications of bilingualism. J Anat 2022; 240:410-427. [PMID: 34486112 PMCID: PMC8742975 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a rise in the number of people who are able to speak two or more languages. This has been paralleled by an increase in research related to bilingualism. Despite this, much of the neuroanatomical consequences and pathological implications of bilingualism are still subject to discussion. This review aims to evaluate the neuroanatomical structures related to language and to the acquisition of a second language as well as exploring how learning a second language can alter one's susceptibility to and the progression of certain cerebral pathologies. A literature search was conducted on the Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. A total of 137 articles regarding the neuroanatomical or pathological implications of bilingualism were included for review. Following analysis of the included papers, this review finds that bilingualism induces significant gray and white matter cerebral changes, particularly in the frontal lobes, anterior cingulate cortex, left inferior parietal lobule and subcortical areas, and that native language and acquired language largely recruit the same neuroanatomical structures with however, subtle functional and anatomical differences dependent on proficiency and age of language acquisition. There is adequate evidence to suggest that bilingualism offsets the symptoms and diagnosis of dementia, and that it is protective against both pathological and age-related cognitive decline. While many of the neuroanatomical changes are known, more remains to be elucidated and the relationship between bilingualism and other neurological pathologies remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Taylor
- Centre for Learning Anatomical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Samuel Hall
- Centre for Learning Anatomical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Susruta Manivannan
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Nilesh Mundil
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation TrustSouthamptonUK
| | - Scott Border
- Centre for Learning Anatomical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
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30
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Cole JD, Sarabia del Castillo J, Gut G, Gonzalez-Bohorquez D, Pelkmans L, Jessberger S. Characterization of the neurogenic niche in the aging dentate gyrus using iterative immunofluorescence imaging. eLife 2022; 11:e68000. [PMID: 35089129 PMCID: PMC8798039 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancing age causes reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, associated with age-related cognitive decline. The spatial relationship of age-induced alterations in neural stem cells (NSCs) and surrounding cells within the hippocampal niche remains poorly understood due to limitations of antibody-based cellular phenotyping. We established iterative indirect immunofluorescence imaging (4i) in tissue sections, allowing for simultaneous detection of 18 proteins to characterize NSCs and surrounding cells in 2-, 6-, and 12-month-old mice. We show that reorganization of the dentate gyrus (DG) niche already occurs in middle-aged mice, paralleling the decline in neurogenesis. 4i-based tissue analysis of the DG identifies changes in cell-type contributions to the blood-brain barrier and microenvironments surrounding NSCs to play a pivotal role to preserve neurogenic permissiveness. The data provided represent a resource to characterize the principles causing alterations of stem cell-associated plasticity within the aging DG and provide a blueprint to analyze somatic stem cell niches across lifespan in complex tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Darby Cole
- Brain Research Institute, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Gabriele Gut
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | | | - Lucas Pelkmans
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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31
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Sheehy RN, Quintanilla LJ, Song J. Epigenetic regulation in the neurogenic niche of the adult dentate gyrus. Neurosci Lett 2022; 766:136343. [PMID: 34774980 PMCID: PMC8691367 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The adult dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampal formation is a specialized region of the brain that creates new adult-born neurons from a pool of resident adult neural stem and progenitor cells (aNSPCs) throughout life. These aNSPCs undergo epigenetic and epitranscriptomic regulation, including 3D genome interactions, histone modifications, DNA modifications, noncoding RNA mechanisms, and RNA modifications, to precisely control the neurogenic process. Furthermore, the specialized neurogenic niche also uses epigenetic mechanisms in mature neurons and glial cells to communicate signals to direct the behavior of the aNSPCs. Here, we review recent advances of epigenetic regulation in aNSPCs and their surrounding niche cells within the adult DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N. Sheehy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA,Pharmacology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Luis J. Quintanilla
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA,Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA,Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Chavoshinezhad S, Zibaii MI, Seyed Nazari MH, Ronaghi A, Asgari Taei A, Ghorbani A, Pandamooz S, Salehi MS, Valian N, Motamedi F, Haghparast A, Dargahi L. Optogenetic stimulation of entorhinal cortex reveals the implication of insulin signaling in adult rat's hippocampal neurogenesis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 111:110344. [PMID: 33964323 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus plays a critical role in learning and memory. Projections originating from entorhinal cortex, known as the perforant pathway, provide the main input to the dentate gyrus and promote neurogenesis. However, neuromodulators and molecular changes mediating neurogenic effects of this pathway are not yet fully understood. Here, by means of an optogenetic approach, we investigated neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus of adult rats induced by stimulation of the perforant pathway. The lentiviruses carrying hChR2 (H134R)-mCherry gene under the control of the CaMKII promoter were injected into the medial entorhinal cortex region of adult rats. After 21 days, the entorhinal cortex region was exposed to the blue laser (473 nm) for five consecutive days (30 min/day). The expression of synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis markers in the hippocampus were evaluated using molecular and histological approaches. In parallel, the changes in the gene expression of insulin and its signaling pathway, trophic factors, and components of mitochondrial biogenesis were assessed. Our results showed that optogenetic stimulation of the entorhinal cortex promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity concomitant with the increased levels of insulin mRNA and its signaling markers, neurotrophic factors, and activation of mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings suggest that effects of perforant pathway stimulation on the hippocampus, at least in part, are mediated by insulin increase in the dentate gyrus and subsequently activation of its downstream signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chavoshinezhad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | | | - Abdolaziz Ronaghi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Asgari Taei
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghorbani
- Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sareh Pandamooz
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saied Salehi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Valian
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Dargahi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Landry T, Huang H. Mini review: The relationship between energy status and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Neurosci Lett 2021; 765:136261. [PMID: 34562518 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to generate new hippocampal neurons throughout adulthood and successfully integrate them into existing neural networks is critical to cognitive function, while disordered regulation of this process results in neurodegenerative or psychiatric disease. Consequently, identifying the molecular mechanisms promoting homeostatic hippocampal neurogenesis in adults is essential to understanding the etiologies of these disorders and developing therapeutic interventions. For example, recent evidence identifies a strong association between metabolic function and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Hippocampal neural stem cell (NSC) fate dynamically fluctuates with changes in substrate availability and energy status (AMP/ATP and NAD+/NADH ratios). Furthermore, many metabolic hormones, such as insulin, insulin-like growth factors, and leptin exhibit dual functions also modulating hippocampal neurogenesis and neuron survivability. These diverse metabolic inputs to NSC's from various tissues seemingly suggest the existence of a system in which energy status can finely modulate hippocampal neurogenesis. Supporting this hypothesis, interventions promoting energy balance, such as caloric restriction, intermittent fasting, and exercise, have shown encouraging potential enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function. Overall, there is a clear relationship between whole body energy status, adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and neuron survival; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are multifaceted. Thus, the aim of this review is to analyze the literature investigating energy status-mediated regulation of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus, highlight the neurocircuitry and intracellular signaling involved, and propose impactful future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Landry
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
| | - Hu Huang
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Human Performance Laboratory, College of Human Performance and Health, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
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Stem Cell Secretome for Spinal Cord Repair: Is It More than Just a Random Baseline Set of Factors? Cells 2021; 10:cells10113214. [PMID: 34831436 PMCID: PMC8625005 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of thousands of people suffer spinal cord injuries each year. The experimental application of stem cells following spinal cord injury has opened a new era to promote neuroprotection and neuroregeneration of damaged tissue. Currently, there is great interest in the intravenous administration of the secretome produced by mesenchymal stem cells in acute or subacute spinal cord injuries. However, it is important to highlight that undifferentiated neural stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are able to adapt to the damaged environment and produce the so-called lesion-induced secretome. This review article focuses on current research related to the secretome and the lesion-induced secretome and their roles in modulating spinal cord injury symptoms and functional recovery, emphasizing different compositions of the lesion-induced secretome in various models of spinal cord injury.
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Gupta R, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Multifaced role of protein deacetylase sirtuins in neurodegenerative disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:976-997. [PMID: 34742724 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuins, a class III histone/protein deacetylase, is a central regulator of metabolic function and cellular stress response. This plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, metabolic syndromes, and cardiovascular disease. Sirtuins regulate biological and cellular processes, for instance, mitochondrial biogenesis, lipid and fatty acid oxidation, oxidative stress, gene transcriptional activity, apoptosis, inflammatory response, DNA repair mechanism, and autophagic cell degradation, which are known components for the progression of the neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Emerging evidence suggests that sirtuins are the useful molecular targets against NDDs like, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntington's Disease (HD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). However, the exact mechanism of neuroprotection mediated through sirtuins remains unsettled. The manipulation of sirtuins activity with its modulators, calorie restriction (CR), and micro RNAs (miR) is a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of NDDs. Herein, we reviewed the current putative therapeutic role of sirtuins in regulating synaptic plasticity and cognitive functions, which are mediated through the different molecular phenomenon to prevent neurodegeneration. We also explained the implications of sirtuin modulators, and miR based therapies for the treatment of life-threatening NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University (Formerly DCE), Delhi 110042, India.
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Kim IB, Park SC. The Entorhinal Cortex and Adult Neurogenesis in Major Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11725. [PMID: 34769155 PMCID: PMC8583901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is characterized by impairments in adult neurogenesis. Reduced hippocampal function, which is suggestive of neurogenesis impairments, is associated with depression-related phenotypes. As adult neurogenesis operates in an activity-dependent manner, disruption of hippocampal neurogenesis in depression may be a consequence of neural circuitry impairments. In particular, the entorhinal cortex is known to have a regulatory effect on the neural circuitry related to hippocampal function and adult neurogenesis. However, a comprehensive understanding of how disruption of the neural circuitry can lead to neurogenesis impairments in depression remains unclear with respect to the regulatory role of the entorhinal cortex. This review highlights recent findings suggesting neural circuitry-regulated neurogenesis, with a focus on the potential role of the entorhinal cortex in hippocampal neurogenesis in depression-related cognitive and emotional phenotypes. Taken together, these findings may provide a better understanding of the entorhinal cortex-regulated hippocampal neurogenesis model of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Bin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea;
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seon-Cheol Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea;
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04763, Korea
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Domínguez-Rivas E, Ávila-Muñoz E, Schwarzacher SW, Zepeda A. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the context of lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation: A molecular, cellular and behavioral review. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 97:286-302. [PMID: 34174334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous generation of new neurons occurs in at least two well-defined niches in the adult rodent brain. One of these areas is the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus. While the DG is associated with contextual and spatial learning and memory, hippocampal neurogenesis is necessary for pattern separation. Hippocampal neurogenesis begins with the activation of neural stem cells and culminates with the maturation and functional integration of a portion of the newly generated glutamatergic neurons into the hippocampal circuits. The neurogenic process is continuously modulated by intrinsic factors, one of which is neuroinflammation. The administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been widely used as a model of neuroinflammation and has yielded a body of evidence for unveiling the detrimental impact of inflammation upon the neurogenic process. This work aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the effects of the systemic and central administration of LPS upon the different stages of neurogenesis and discuss their effects at the molecular, cellular, and behavioral levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Domínguez-Rivas
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Evangelina Ávila-Muñoz
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Stephan W Schwarzacher
- Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Angélica Zepeda
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico; Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Gustorff C, Scheuer T, Schmitz T, Bührer C, Endesfelder S. GABA B Receptor-Mediated Impairment of Intermediate Progenitor Maturation During Postnatal Hippocampal Neurogenesis of Newborn Rats. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:651072. [PMID: 34421540 PMCID: PMC8377254 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.651072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter GABA and its receptors assume essential functions during fetal and postnatal brain development. The last trimester of a human pregnancy and early postnatal life involves a vulnerable period of brain development. In the second half of gestation, there is a developmental shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing in the GABAergic system, which might be disturbed by preterm birth. Alterations of the postnatal GABA shift are associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders. In this in vivo study, we investigated neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) in response to daily administration of pharmacological GABAA (DMCM) and GABAB (CGP 35348) receptor inhibitors to newborn rats. Six-day-old Wistar rats (P6) were daily injected (i.p.) to postnatal day 11 (P11) with DMCM, CGP 35348, or vehicle to determine the effects of both antagonists on postnatal neurogenesis. Due to GABAB receptor blockade by CGP 35348, immunohistochemistry revealed a decrease in the number of NeuroD1 positive intermediate progenitor cells and a reduction of proliferative Nestin-positive neuronal stem cells at the DG. The impairment of hippocampal neurogenesis at this stage of differentiation is in line with a significantly decreased RNA expression of the transcription factors Pax6, Ascl1, and NeuroD1. Interestingly, the number of NeuN-positive postmitotic neurons was not affected by GABAB receptor blockade, although strictly associated transcription factors for postmitotic neurons, Tbr1, Prox1, and NeuroD2, displayed reduced expression levels, suggesting impairment by GABAB receptor antagonization at this stage of neurogenesis. Antagonization of GABAB receptors decreased the expression of neurotrophins (BDNF, NT-3, and NGF). In contrast to the GABAB receptor blockade, the GABAA receptor antagonization revealed no significant changes in cell counts, but an increased transcriptional expression of Tbr1 and Tbr2. We conclude that GABAergic signaling via the metabotropic GABAB receptor is crucial for hippocampal neurogenesis at the time of rapid brain growth and of the postnatal GABA shift. Differentiation and proliferation of intermediate progenitor cells are dependent on GABA. These insights become more pertinent in preterm infants whose developing brains are prematurely exposed to spostnatal stress and predisposed to poor neurodevelopmental disorders, possibly as sequelae of early disruption in GABAergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gustorff
- Department of Neonatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Till Scheuer
- Department of Neonatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitz
- Department of Neonatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Bührer
- Department of Neonatology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Ghit A, Assal D, Al-Shami AS, Hussein DEE. GABA A receptors: structure, function, pharmacology, and related disorders. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:123. [PMID: 34417930 PMCID: PMC8380214 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background γ-Aminobutyric acid sub-type A receptors (GABAARs) are the most prominent inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the CNS. They are a family of ligand-gated ion channel with significant physiological and therapeutic implications. Main body GABAARs are heteropentamers formed from a selection of 19 subunits: six α (alpha1-6), three β (beta1-3), three γ (gamma1-3), three ρ (rho1-3), and one each of the δ (delta), ε (epsilon), π (pi), and θ (theta) which result in the production of a considerable number of receptor isoforms. Each isoform exhibits distinct pharmacological and physiological properties. However, the majority of GABAARs are composed of two α subunits, two β subunits, and one γ subunit arranged as γ2β2α1β2α1 counterclockwise around the center. The mature receptor has a central chloride ion channel gated by GABA neurotransmitter and modulated by a variety of different drugs. Changes in GABA synthesis or release may have a significant effect on normal brain function. Furthermore, The molecular interactions and pharmacological effects caused by drugs are extremely complex. This is due to the structural heterogeneity of the receptors, and the existence of multiple allosteric binding sites as well as a wide range of ligands that can bind to them. Notably, dysfunction of the GABAergic system contributes to the development of several diseases. Therefore, understanding the relationship between GABAA receptor deficits and CNS disorders thus has a significant impact on the discovery of disease pathogenesis and drug development. Conclusion To date, few reviews have discussed GABAA receptors in detail. Accordingly, this review aims to summarize the current understanding of the structural, physiological, and pharmacological properties of GABAARs, as well as shedding light on the most common associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Ghit
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. .,Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research (IGSR), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Dina Assal
- Department of Biotechnology, American University in Cairo (AUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Al-Shami
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research (IGSR), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Diaa Eldin E Hussein
- Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Port of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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40
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Rethinavel HS, Ravichandran S, Radhakrishnan RK, Kandasamy M. COVID-19 and Parkinson's disease: Defects in neurogenesis as the potential cause of olfactory system impairments and anosmia. J Chem Neuroanat 2021; 115:101965. [PMID: 33989761 PMCID: PMC8111887 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2021.101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Anosmia, a neuropathogenic condition of loss of smell, has been recognized as a key pathogenic hallmark of the current pandemic SARS-CoV-2 infection responsible for COVID-19. While the anosmia resulting from olfactory bulb (OB) pathology is the prominent clinical characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD), SARS-CoV-2 infection has been predicted as a potential risk factor for developing Parkinsonism-related symptoms in a significant portion of COVID-19 patients and survivors. SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to alter the dopamine system and induce the loss of dopaminergic neurons that have been known to be the cause of PD. However, the underlying biological basis of anosmia and the potential link between COVID-19 and PD remains obscure. Ample experimental studies in rodents suggest that the occurrence of neural stem cell (NSC) mediated neurogenesis in the olfactory epithelium (OE) and OB is important for olfaction. Though the occurrence of neurogenesis in the human forebrain has been a subject of debate, considerable experimental evidence strongly supports the incidence of neurogenesis in the human OB in adulthood. To note, various viral infections and neuropathogenic conditions including PD with olfactory dysfunctions have been characterized by impaired neurogenesis in OB and OE. Therefore, this article describes and examines the recent reports on SARS-CoV-2 mediated OB dysfunctions and defects in the dopaminergic system responsible for PD. Further, the article emphasizes that COVID-19 and PD associated anosmia could result from the regenerative failure in the replenishment of the dopaminergic neurons in OB and olfactory sensory neurons in OE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Sri Rethinavel
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sowbarnika Ravichandran
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Risna Kanjirassery Radhakrishnan
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahesh Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, 620024, Tamil Nadu, India; Faculty Recharge Programme, University Grants Commission (UGC-FRP), New Delhi, 110002, India.
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41
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Kim IB, Park SC. Neural Circuitry-Neurogenesis Coupling Model of Depression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2468. [PMID: 33671109 PMCID: PMC7957816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is characterized by the disruption of both neural circuitry and neurogenesis. Defects in hippocampal activity and volume, indicative of reduced neurogenesis, are associated with depression-related behaviors in both humans and animals. Neurogenesis in adulthood is considered an activity-dependent process; therefore, hippocampal neurogenesis defects in depression can be a result of defective neural circuitry activity. However, the mechanistic understanding of how defective neural circuitry can induce neurogenesis defects in depression remains unclear. This review highlights the current findings supporting the neural circuitry-regulated neurogenesis, especially focusing on hippocampal neurogenesis regulated by the entorhinal cortex, with regard to memory, pattern separation, and mood. Taken together, these findings may pave the way for future progress in neural circuitry-neurogenesis coupling studies of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il Bin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea;
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seon-Cheol Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri 11923, Korea;
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42
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Fatoba O, Itokazu T, Yamashita T. Complement cascade functions during brain development and neurodegeneration. FEBS J 2021; 289:2085-2109. [PMID: 33599083 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The complement system, an essential tightly regulated innate immune system, is a key regulator of normal central nervous system (CNS) development and function. However, aberrant complement component expression and activation in the brain may culminate into marked neuroinflammatory response, neurodegenerative processes and cognitive impairment. Over the years, complement-mediated neuroinflammatory responses and complement-driven neurodegeneration have been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of CNS disorders. This review describes how complement system contributes to normal brain development and function. We also discuss how pathologic insults such as misfolded proteins, lipid droplet/lipid droplet-associated protein or glycosaminoglycan accumulation could trigger complement-mediated neuroinflammatory responses and neurodegenerative process in neurodegenerative proteinopathies, age-related macular degeneration and neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseun Fatoba
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Takahide Itokazu
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Neuro-Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Gengatharan A, Malvaut S, Marymonchyk A, Ghareghani M, Snapyan M, Fischer-Sternjak J, Ninkovic J, Götz M, Saghatelyan A. Adult neural stem cell activation in mice is regulated by the day/night cycle and intracellular calcium dynamics. Cell 2021; 184:709-722.e13. [PMID: 33482084 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain transit from the quiescent state to proliferation to produce new neurons. The mechanisms regulating this transition in freely behaving animals are, however, poorly understood. We customized in vivo imaging protocols to follow NSCs for several days up to months, observing their activation kinetics in freely behaving mice. Strikingly, NSC division is more frequent during daylight and is inhibited by darkness-induced melatonin signaling. The inhibition of melatonin receptors affected intracellular Ca2+ dynamics and promoted NSC activation. We further discovered a Ca2+ signature of quiescent versus activated NSCs and showed that several microenvironmental signals converge on intracellular Ca2+ pathways to regulate NSC quiescence and activation. In vivo NSC-specific optogenetic modulation of Ca2+ fluxes to mimic quiescent-state-like Ca2+ dynamics in freely behaving mice blocked NSC activation and maintained their quiescence, pointing to the regulatory mechanisms mediating NSC activation in freely behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Gengatharan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sarah Malvaut
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Alina Marymonchyk
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Majid Ghareghani
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marina Snapyan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Judith Fischer-Sternjak
- Division of Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Division of Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Armen Saghatelyan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Yadav A, Tandon A, Seth B, Goyal S, Singh SJ, Tiwari SK, Agarwal S, Nair S, Chaturvedi RK. Cypermethrin Impairs Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Cognitive Functions by Altering Neural Fate Decisions in the Rat Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:263-280. [PMID: 32920670 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a developmental process that involves fine-tuned coordination between self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) into neurons. However, early-life assault with environmental toxicants interferes with the regular function of genes, proteins, and other molecules that build brain architecture resulting in attenuated neurogenesis. Cypermethrin is a class II synthetic pyrethroid pesticide extensively used in agriculture, veterinary, and residential applications due to its low mammalian toxicity, high bio-efficacy, and enhanced stability. Despite reports on cypermethrin-mediated behavioral and biochemical alterations, till now, no study implicates whether cypermethrin exposure has any effect on neurogenesis. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to comprehend the effects of cypermethrin treatment on embryonic and adult neurogenesis. We found that cypermethrin exposure led to a considerable decrease in the BrdU/Sox-2+, BrdU/Dcx+, and BrdU/NeuN+ co-labeled cells indicating that cypermethrin treatment decreases NSC proliferation and generation of mature and functional neurons. On the contrary, the generation of BrdU/S100β+ glial cells was increased resulting in neurogliogenesis imbalance in the hippocampus. Further, cypermethrin treatment also led to an increased number of BrdU/cleaved caspase-3+ and Fluoro-Jade B+ cells suggesting an induction of apoptosis in NSCs and increased degeneration of neurons in the hippocampus. Overall, these results explicate that cypermethrin exposure not only reduces the NSC pool but also disturbs the neuron-astrocyte ratio and potentiates neurodegeneration in the hippocampus, leading to cognitive dysfunctions in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Yadav
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ankit Tandon
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, BBD City, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226028, India
| | - Brashket Seth
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shweta Goyal
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sangh Jyoti Singh
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shashi Kant Tiwari
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Swati Agarwal
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Saumya Nair
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar Chaturvedi
- Developmental Toxicology Laboratory, Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31 Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Dos Santos IRC, Dias MNC, Gomes-Leal W. Microglial activation and adult neurogenesis after brain stroke. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:456-459. [PMID: 32985465 PMCID: PMC7996005 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.291383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery that new neurons are produced in some regions of the adult mammalian brain is a paradigm-shift in neuroscience research. These new-born cells are produced from neuroprogenitors mainly in the subventricular zone at the margin of the lateral ventricle, subgranular zone in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and in the striatum, a component of the basal ganglia, even in humans. In the human hippocampus, neuroblasts are produced even in elderlies. The regulation of adult neurogenesis is a complex phenomenon involving a multitude of molecules, neurotransmitters and soluble factors released by different sources including glial cells. Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, are considered to play an important role on the regulation of adult neurogenesis both in physiological and pathological conditions. Following stroke and other acute neural disorders, there is an increase in the numbers of neuroblast production in the neurogenic niches. Microglial activation is believed to display both beneficial and detrimental role on adult neurogenesis after stroke, depending on the activation level and brain location. In this article, we review the scientific evidence addressing the role of microglial activation on adult neurogenesis after ischemia. A comprehensive understanding of the microglial role after stroke and other neural disorders it is an important step for development of future therapies based on manipulation of adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijair R C Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará-Brazil, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Michelle Nerissa C Dias
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará-Brazil, Belém-Pará, Brazil
| | - Walace Gomes-Leal
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuroprotection and Neuroregeneration, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará-Brazil, Belém-Pará, Brazil
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Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption results in alcohol use disorder (AUD). Interestingly, however, sudden alcohol withdrawal (AW) after chronic alcohol exposure also leads to a devastating series of symptoms, referred to as alcohol withdrawal syndromes. One key feature of AW syndromes is to produce phenotypes that are opposite to AUD. For example, while the brain is characterized by a hypoactive state in the presence of alcohol, AW induces a hyperactive state, which is manifested as seizure expression. In this review, we discuss the idea that hippocampal neurogenesis and neural circuits play a key role in neuroadaptation and establishment of allostatic states in response to alcohol exposure and AW. The intrinsic properties of dentate granule cells (DGCs), and their contribution to the formation of a potent feedback inhibitory loop, endow the dentate gyrus with a "gate" function, which can limit the entry of excessive excitatory signals from the cortex into the hippocampus. We discuss the possibility that alcohol exposure and withdrawal disrupts structural development and circuitry integration of hippocampal newborn neurons, and that this altered neurogenesis impairs the gate function of the hippocampus. Failure of this gate function is expected to alter the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory (E/I) signals in the hippocampus and to induce seizure expression during AW. Recent functional studies have shown that specific activation and inhibition of hippocampal newborn DGCs are both necessary and sufficient for the expression of AW-associated seizures, further supporting the concept that neurogenesis-induced neuroadaptation is a critical target to understand and treat AUD and AW-associated seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreetama Basu
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hoonkyo Suh
- Department of Neurosciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) persist into adulthood in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus and in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the lateral ventricles, where they generate new neurons and glia cells that contribute to neural plasticity. A better understanding of the developmental process that enables NSCs to persist beyond development will provide insight into factors that determine the size and properties of the adult NSC pool and thus the capacity for life-long neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain. We review current knowledge regarding the developmental origins of adult NSCs and the developmental process by which embryonic NSCs transition into their adult form. We also discuss potential mechanisms that might regulate proper establishment of the adult NSC pool, and propose future directions of research that will be key to unraveling how NSCs transform to establish the adult NSC pool in the mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M Bond
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that local protein synthesis (LPS) contributes to fundamental aspects of axon biology, in both developing and mature neurons. Mutations in RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), as central players in LPS, and other proteins affecting RNA localization and translation are associated with a range of neurological disorders, suggesting disruption of LPS may be of pathological significance. In this review, we substantiate this hypothesis by examining the link between LPS and key axonal processes, and the implicated pathophysiological consequences of dysregulated LPS. First, we describe how the length and autonomy of axons result in an exceptional reliance on LPS. We next discuss the roles of LPS in maintaining axonal structural and functional polarity and axonal trafficking. We then consider how LPS facilitates the establishment of neuronal connectivity through regulation of axonal branching and pruning, how it mediates axonal survival into adulthood and its involvement in neuronal stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Qiaojin Lin
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Island Research Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Christine E Holt
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Metabolic tuning of inhibition regulates hippocampal neurogenesis in the adult brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25818-25829. [PMID: 32973092 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006138117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampus-engaged behaviors stimulate neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus by largely unknown means. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we used tetrode recording to analyze neuronal activity in the dentate gyrus of freely moving adult mice during hippocampus-engaged contextual exploration. We found that exploration induced an overall sustained increase in inhibitory neuron activity that was concomitant with decreased excitatory neuron activity. A mathematical model based on energy homeostasis in the dentate gyrus showed that enhanced inhibition and decreased excitation resulted in a similar increase in neurogenesis to that observed experimentally. To mechanistically investigate this sustained inhibitory regulation, we performed metabolomic and lipidomic profiling of the hippocampus during exploration. We found sustainably increased signaling of sphingosine-1-phosphate, a bioactive metabolite, during exploration. Furthermore, we found that sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling through its receptor 2 increased interneuron activity and thus mediated exploration-induced neurogenesis. Taken together, our findings point to a behavior-metabolism circuit pathway through which experience regulates adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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50
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Neuropeptides Modulate Local Astrocytes to Regulate Adult Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells. Neuron 2020; 108:349-366.e6. [PMID: 32877641 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) reside in a specialized local niche that supports their neurogenic proliferation to produce adult-born neurons throughout life. How local niche cells interact at the circuit level to ensure continuous neurogenesis from NSCs remains unknown. Here we report the role of endogenous neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK), released from dentate CCK interneurons, in regulating neurogenic niche cells and NSCs. Specifically, stimulating CCK release supports neurogenic proliferation of NSCs through a dominant astrocyte-mediated glutamatergic signaling cascade. In contrast, reducing dentate CCK induces reactive astrocytes, which correlates with decreased neurogenic proliferation of NSCs and upregulation of genes involved in immune processes. Our findings provide novel circuit-based information on how CCK acts on local astrocytes to regulate the key behavior of adult NSCs.
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