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Karginov TA, Ménoret A, Leclair NK, Harrison AG, Chandiran K, Suarez-Ramirez JE, Yurieva M, Karlinsey K, Wang P, O'Neill RJ, Murphy PA, Adler AJ, Cauley LS, Anczuków O, Zhou B, Vella AT. Autoregulated splicing of TRA2β programs T cell fate in response to antigen-receptor stimulation. Science 2024; 385:eadj1979. [PMID: 39265028 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj1979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
T cell receptor (TCR) sensitivity to peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) dictates T cell fate. Canonical models of TCR sensitivity cannot be fully explained by transcriptional regulation. In this work, we identify a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism of TCR sensitivity that guides alternative splicing of TCR signaling transcripts through an evolutionarily ultraconserved poison exon (PE) in the RNA-binding protein (RBP) TRA2β in mouse and human. TRA2β-PE splicing, seen during cancer and infection, was required for TCR-induced effector T cell expansion and function. Tra2β-PE skipping enhanced T cell response to antigen by increasing TCR sensitivity. As antigen levels decreased, Tra2β-PE reinclusion allowed T cell survival. Finally, we found that TRA2β-PE was first included in the genome of jawed vertebrates that were capable of TCR gene rearrangements. We propose that TRA2β-PE splicing acts as a gatekeeper of TCR sensitivity to shape T cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timofey A Karginov
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Antoine Ménoret
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Nathan K Leclair
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Andrew G Harrison
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Karthik Chandiran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jenny E Suarez-Ramirez
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Marina Yurieva
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Keaton Karlinsey
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Penghua Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Rachel J O'Neill
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Patrick A Murphy
- Center for Vascular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Adam J Adler
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Linda S Cauley
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Olga Anczuków
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Beiyan Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Anthony T Vella
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Lin JX, Ge M, Liu CY, Holewinski R, Andresson T, Yu ZX, Gebregiorgis T, Spolski R, Li P, Leonard WJ. Tyrosine phosphorylation of both STAT5A and STAT5B is necessary for maximal IL-2 signaling and T cell proliferation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7372. [PMID: 39191751 PMCID: PMC11349758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50925-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokine-mediated STAT5 protein activation is vital for lymphocyte development and function. In vitro tyrosine phosphorylation of a C-terminal tyrosine is critical for activation of STAT5A and STAT5B; however, the importance of STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation in vivo has not been assessed. Here we generate Stat5a and Stat5b tyrosine-to-phenylalanine mutant knockin mice and find they have greatly reduced CD8+ T-cell numbers and profoundly diminished IL-2-induced proliferation of these cells, and this correlates with reduced induction of Myc, pRB, a range of cyclins and CDKs, and a partial G1→S phase-transition block. These mutant CD8+ T cells also exhibit decreased IL-2-mediated activation of pERK and pAKT, which we attribute in part to diminished expression of IL-2Rβ and IL-2Rγ. Our findings thus demonstrate that tyrosine phosphorylation of both STAT5A and STAT5B is essential for maximal IL-2 signaling. Moreover, our transcriptomic and proteomic analyses elucidate the molecular basis of the IL-2-induced proliferation of CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1674, USA.
| | - Meili Ge
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1674, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
| | - Cheng-Yu Liu
- Transgenic Mouse Core Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-8018, USA
| | - Ronald Holewinski
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Thorkell Andresson
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Zu-Xi Yu
- Pathology Core, National Heart Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tesfay Gebregiorgis
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1674, USA
| | - Rosanne Spolski
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1674, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1674, USA
- Amgen, Inc., 2301 Research Blvd., Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1674, USA.
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3
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Lv Y, Qi J, Babon JJ, Cao L, Fan G, Lang J, Zhang J, Mi P, Kobe B, Wang F. The JAK-STAT pathway: from structural biology to cytokine engineering. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:221. [PMID: 39169031 PMCID: PMC11339341 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01934-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway serves as a paradigm for signal transduction from the extracellular environment to the nucleus. It plays a pivotal role in physiological functions, such as hematopoiesis, immune balance, tissue homeostasis, and surveillance against tumors. Dysregulation of this pathway may lead to various disease conditions such as immune deficiencies, autoimmune diseases, hematologic disorders, and cancer. Due to its critical role in maintaining human health and involvement in disease, extensive studies have been conducted on this pathway, ranging from basic research to medical applications. Advances in the structural biology of this pathway have enabled us to gain insights into how the signaling cascade operates at the molecular level, laying the groundwork for therapeutic development targeting this pathway. Various strategies have been developed to restore its normal function, with promising therapeutic potential. Enhanced comprehension of these molecular mechanisms, combined with advances in protein engineering methodologies, has allowed us to engineer cytokines with tailored properties for targeted therapeutic applications, thereby enhancing their efficiency and safety. In this review, we outline the structural basis that governs key nodes in this pathway, offering a comprehensive overview of the signal transduction process. Furthermore, we explore recent advances in cytokine engineering for therapeutic development in this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Lv
- Center for Molecular Biosciences and Non-communicable Diseases Research, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China
- Xi'an Amazinggene Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710026, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Longxing Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Guohuang Fan
- Immunophage Biotech Co., Ltd, No. 10 Lv Zhou Huan Road, Shanghai, 201112, China
| | - Jiajia Lang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Xi'an Amazinggene Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710026, China
| | - Pengbing Mi
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
| | - Faming Wang
- Center for Molecular Biosciences and Non-communicable Diseases Research, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710054, China.
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Eshaq AM, Flanagan TW, Hassan SY, Al Asheikh SA, Al-Amoudi WA, Santourlidis S, Hassan SL, Alamodi MO, Bendhack ML, Alamodi MO, Haikel Y, Megahed M, Hassan M. Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Their Structure and Mechanistic Role in Tumor Progression and Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2754. [PMID: 39123481 PMCID: PMC11311543 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) function as key molecules in the signaling pathways in addition to their impact as a therapeutic target for the treatment of many human diseases, including cancer. PTKs are characterized by their ability to phosphorylate serine, threonine, or tyrosine residues and can thereby rapidly and reversibly alter the function of their protein substrates in the form of significant changes in protein confirmation and affinity for their interaction with protein partners to drive cellular functions under normal and pathological conditions. PTKs are classified into two groups: one of which represents tyrosine kinases, while the other one includes the members of the serine/threonine kinases. The group of tyrosine kinases is subdivided into subgroups: one of them includes the member of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), while the other subgroup includes the member of non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs). Both these kinase groups function as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions. NRTKs are enzymes which are overexpressed and activated in many cancer types and regulate variable cellular functions in response to extracellular signaling-dependent mechanisms. NRTK-mediated different cellular functions are regulated by kinase-dependent and kinase-independent mechanisms either in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. Thus, targeting NRTKs is of great interest to improve the treatment strategy of different tumor types. This review deals with the structure and mechanistic role of NRTKs in tumor progression and resistance and their importance as therapeutic targets in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz M. Eshaq
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Thomas W. Flanagan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Sofie-Yasmin Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sara A. Al Asheikh
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Waleed A. Al-Amoudi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Simeon Santourlidis
- Institute of Cell Therapeutics and Diagnostics, University Medical Center of Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Sarah-Lilly Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Maryam O. Alamodi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Marcelo L. Bendhack
- Department of Urology, Red Cross University Hospital, Positivo University, Rua Mauá 1111, Curitiba 80030-200, Brazil;
| | - Mohammed O. Alamodi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.A.A.); (W.A.A.-A.); (M.O.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mossad Megahed
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Research Laboratory of Surgery-Oncology, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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5
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Goleij P, Rahimi M, Pourshahroudi M, Tabari MAK, Muhammad S, Suteja RC, Daglia M, Majma Sanaye P, Hadipour M, Khan H, Sadeghi P. The role of IL-2 cytokine family in asthma. Cytokine 2024; 180:156638. [PMID: 38761716 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interleukin-2 (IL-2) family of cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21, are pivotal regulators of the immune response, impacting both innate and adaptive immunity. Understanding their molecular characteristics, receptor interactions, and signalling pathways is essential for elucidating their roles in health and disease. OBJECTIVES This review provides a comprehensive overview of the IL-2 family of cytokines, highlighting their molecular biology, receptor interactions, and signalling mechanisms. Furthermore, it explores the involvement of IL-2 family cytokines in the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory diseases, with a specific focus on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. METHODS A thorough literature review was conducted to gather insights into the molecular biology, receptor interactions, and signalling pathways of IL-2 family cytokines. Additionally, studies investigating the roles of these cytokines in chronic respiratory diseases, particularly COPD and asthma, were analysed to discern their implications in wider pathophysiology of disease. RESULTS IL-2 family cytokines exert pleiotropic effects on immune cells, modulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Dysregulation of IL-2 family cytokines has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory illnesses, including COPD and asthma. Elevated levels of IL-2 and IL-9 have been associated with disease severity in COPD, while IL-4 and IL-9 play crucial roles in asthma pathogenesis by promoting airway inflammation and remodelling. CONCLUSION Understanding the intricate roles of IL-2 family cytokines in chronic respiratory diseases provides valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for these conditions. Targeting specific cytokines or their receptors may offer novel treatment modalities to attenuate disease progression and improve clinical outcomes in patients with COPD and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Goleij
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (ImmunoTACT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Rahimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran.
| | - Motahareh Pourshahroudi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Mohammad Amin Khazeei Tabari
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran; Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Syed Muhammad
- Farooqia College of Pharmacy, Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
| | | | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | | | - Mahboube Hadipour
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Parniyan Sadeghi
- Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Sánchez-Moreno I, Lasarte-Cia A, Martín-Otal C, Casares N, Navarro F, Gorraiz M, Sarrión P, Hervas-Stubbs S, Jordana L, Rodriguez-Madoz JR, San Miguel J, Prosper F, Lasarte JJ, Lozano T. Tethered IL15-IL15Rα augments antitumor activity of CD19 CAR-T cells but displays long-term toxicity in an immunocompetent lymphoma mouse model. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008572. [PMID: 38955421 PMCID: PMC11218034 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoptive cell therapy using genetically modified T cells to express chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T) has shown encouraging results, particularly in certain blood cancers. Nevertheless, over 40% of B cell malignancy patients experience a relapse after CAR-T therapy, likely due to inadequate persistence of the modified T cells in the body. IL15, known for its pro-survival and proliferative properties, has been suggested for incorporation into the fourth generation of CAR-T cells to enhance their persistence. However, the potential systemic toxicity associated with this cytokine warrants further evaluation. METHODS We analyzed the persistence, antitumor efficacy and potential toxicity of anti-mouse CD19 CAR-T cells which express a membrane-bound IL15-IL15Rα chimeric protein (CD19/mbIL15q CAR-T), in BALB/c mice challenged with A20 tumor cells as well as in NSG mice. RESULTS Conventional CD19 CAR-T cells showed low persistence and poor efficacy in BALB/c mice treated with mild lymphodepletion regimens (total body irradiation (TBI) of 1 Gy). CD19/mbIL15q CAR-T exhibits prolonged persistence and enhanced in vivo efficacy, effectively eliminating established A20 B cell lymphoma. However, this CD19/mbIL15q CAR-T displays important long-term toxicities, with marked splenomegaly, weight loss, transaminase elevations, and significant inflammatory findings in some tissues. Mice survival is highly compromised after CD19/mbIL15q CAR-T cell transfer, particularly if a high TBI regimen is applied before CAR-T cell transfer. CONCLUSION Tethered IL15-IL15Rα augments the antitumor activity of CD19 CAR-T cells but displays long-term toxicity in immunocompetent mice. Inducible systems to regulate IL15-IL15Rα expression could be considered to control this toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Sánchez-Moreno
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aritz Lasarte-Cia
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Celia Martín-Otal
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Noelia Casares
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Flor Navarro
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Gorraiz
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia Sarrión
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Hervas-Stubbs
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Cancer Center Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lorea Jordana
- Hemato-Oncology Program, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Roberto Rodriguez-Madoz
- Cancer Center Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Hemato-Oncology Program, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús San Miguel
- Cancer Center Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, (CUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Cancer Center Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Hemato-Oncology Program, Centre for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, (CUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Lasarte
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Cancer Center Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Teresa Lozano
- Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, IdISNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Cancer Center Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
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Chandrashekara S. Pharmacokinetic review of janus kinase inhibitors and its clinical implications for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38916236 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2373092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the realm of autoimmune rheumatic diseases, understanding JAK inhibitors (JAKi) nuances is vital. Baricitinib, tofacitinib, upaacitinib, filgotinib, and peficitinib exhibit subtle yet impactful pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) variations. AREAS COVERED This narrative review critically assesses PK and PD distinctions among globally approved JAKi for rheumatoid arthritis, which primarily guide clinical decisions in autoimmune diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis. It explores the intricate JAK-STAT signaling pathway, offering insights into JAKs' roles in inflammation, hematopoiesis, and immune homeostasis. Emphasis on PK parameters, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, along with CYP3A4 drug interactions, is highlighted. The review underscores integrating PK and PD properties, considering patient-specific factors like hepatic and renal clearance, for judicious JAKi selection in RA and related autoimmune conditions. The literature has been collected from all available databases based on the review question. EXPERT OPINION Integrating PK and PD properties with patient-specific factors is pivotal for judicious JAKi selection. Recognizing disparities in PK and PD across diseases, ethnicities, and environmental factors is crucial for personalized JAKi choices. This expert opinion underscores the significance of a second compartment analysis, elucidating the interplay between PK and PD and its impact on JAKi efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chandrashekara
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, ChanRe Rheumatology and Immunology Center and Research, Bengaluru, India
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8
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Saadh MJ, Alfattah MA, Ismail AH, Saeed BA, Abbas HH, Elashmawy NF, Hashim GA, Ismail KS, Abo-Zaid MA, Waggiallah HA. The role of Interleukin-21 (IL-21) in allergic disorders: Biological insights and regulatory mechanisms. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:111825. [PMID: 38723368 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, allergic diseases subsequent from an IgE-mediated response to specific allergens have become a progressively public chronic disease worldwide. They have shaped an important medical and socio-economic burden. A significant proportion of allergic disorders are branded via a form 2 immune response relating Th2 cells, type 2 natural lymphoid cells, mast cells and eosinophils. Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a participant of the type-I cytokine family manufactured through numerous subsets of stimulated CD4+ T cells and uses controlling properties on a diversity of immune cells. Increasingly, experimental sign suggests a character for IL-21 in the pathogenesis of numerous allergic disorders. The purpose of this review is to discuss the biological properties of IL-21 and to summaries current developments in its role in the regulation of allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman 11831, Jordan
| | - Mohammed A Alfattah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Ismail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashar Abdullah Saeed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technics, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
| | | | - Nabila F Elashmawy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghassan A Hashim
- Department of Nursing, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Khatib Sayeed Ismail
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mabrouk A Abo-Zaid
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jazan University, P.O. Box. 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hisham Ali Waggiallah
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Suzuki T, Chéret J, Scala FD, Rajabi-Estarabadi A, Akhundlu A, Demetrius DL, Gherardini J, Keren A, Harries M, Rodriguez-Feliz J, Epstein G, Lee W, Purba T, Gilhar A, Paus R. Interleukin-15 is a hair follicle immune privilege guardian. J Autoimmun 2024; 145:103217. [PMID: 38581915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The autoimmunity-promoting cytokine, Interleukin-15 (IL-15), is often claimed to be a key pathogenic cytokine in alopecia areata (AA). Yet, rhIL-15 promotes human hair follicle (HF) growth ex vivo. We have asked whether the expression of IL-15 and its receptor (IL-15R) isoforms is altered in human AA and how IL-15 impacts on human HF immune privilege (HF-IP) in the presence/absence of interferon-γ (IFNγ), the well-documented key AA-pathogenic cytokine, as well as on hair regrowth after experimental AA induction in vivo. Quantitative immunohistomorphometry showed the number of perifollicular IL-15+ T cells in AA skin biopsies to be significantly increased compared to healthy control skin, while IL-15, IL-15Rα, and IL-15Rγ protein expression within the hair bulb were significantly down-regulated in AA HFs. In organ-cultured human scalp HFs, rhIL-15 significantly reduced hair bulb expression of MICA, the key "danger" signal in AA pathogenesis, and increased production of the HF-IP guardian, α-MSH. Crucially, ex vivo, rhIL-15 prevented IFNγ-induced HF-IP collapse, restored a collapsed HF-IP by IL-15Rα-dependent signaling (as documented by IL-15Rα-silencing), and protected AA-preventive immunoinhibitory iNKT10 cells from IFNγ-induced apoptosis. rhIL-15 even promoted hair regrowth after experimental AA induction in human scalp skin xenotransplants on SCID/beige mice in vivo. Our data introduce IL-15 as a novel, functionally important HF-IP guardian whose signaling is constitutively defective in scalp HFs of AA patients. Our data suggest that selective stimulation of intrafollicular IL-15Rα signaling could become a novel therapeutic approach in AA management, while blocking it pharmacologically may hinder both HF-IP restoration and hair re-growth and may thus make HFs more vulnerable to AA relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Suzuki
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Fernanda D Scala
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ali Rajabi-Estarabadi
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Dermatology, Broward Health, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Aysun Akhundlu
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dana-Lee Demetrius
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jennifer Gherardini
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aviad Keren
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Matthew Harries
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
| | | | - Gorana Epstein
- Foundation for Hair Restoration, 33143, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Wendy Lee
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Talveen Purba
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Skin Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ralf Paus
- Dr. Phillip Frost Dept. of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; CUTANEON - Skin & Hair Innovations, Hamburg, Germany.
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10
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Kovalik ME, Dacanay MA, Crowley SD, Hall G. Swollen Feet: Considering the Paradoxical Roles of Interleukins in Nephrotic Syndrome. Biomedicines 2024; 12:738. [PMID: 38672094 PMCID: PMC11048099 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukins are a family of 40 bioactive peptides that act through cell surface receptors to induce a variety of intracellular responses. While interleukins are most commonly associated with destructive, pro-inflammatory signaling in cells, some also play a role in promoting cellular resilience and survival. This review will highlight recent evidence of the cytoprotective actions of the interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R)- and common gamma chain receptor (IL-Rγc)-signaling cytokines in nephrotic syndrome (NS). NS results from the injury or loss of glomerular visceral epithelial cells (i.e., podocytes). Although the causes of podocyte dysfunction vary, it is clear that pro-inflammatory cytokines play a significant role in regulating the propagation, duration and severity of disease. Pro-inflammatory cytokines signaling through IL-1R and IL-Rγc have been shown to exert anti-apoptotic effects in podocytes through the phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI-3K)/AKT pathway, highlighting the potential utility of IL-1R- and IL-Rγc-signaling interleukins for the treatment of podocytopathy in NS. The paradoxical role of interleukins as drivers and mitigators of podocyte injury is complex and ill-defined. Emerging evidence of the cytoprotective role of some interleukins in NS highlights the urgent need for a nuanced understanding of their pro-survival benefits and reveals their potential as podocyte-sparing therapeutics for NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Kovalik
- Division of Nephrology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA; (M.E.K.)
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Monique A. Dacanay
- Division of Nephrology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA; (M.E.K.)
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Steven D. Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA; (M.E.K.)
| | - Gentzon Hall
- Division of Nephrology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA; (M.E.K.)
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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11
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Tilsed CM, Sadiq BA, Papp TE, Areesawangkit P, Kimura K, Noguera-Ortega E, Scholler J, Cerda N, Aghajanian H, Bot A, Mui B, Tam Y, Weissman D, June CH, Albelda SM, Parhiz H. IL7 increases targeted lipid nanoparticle-mediated mRNA expression in T cells in vitro and in vivo by enhancing T cell protein translation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2319856121. [PMID: 38513098 PMCID: PMC10990120 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2319856121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of lipid nanoparticles (LNP) to encapsulate and deliver mRNA has become an important therapeutic advance. In addition to vaccines, LNP-mRNA can be used in many other applications. For example, targeting the LNP with anti-CD5 antibodies (CD5/tLNP) can allow for efficient delivery of mRNA payloads to T cells to express protein. As the percentage of protein expressing T cells induced by an intravenous injection of CD5/tLNP is relatively low (4-20%), our goal was to find ways to increase mRNA-induced translation efficiency. We showed that T cell activation using an anti-CD3 antibody improved protein expression after CD5/tLNP transfection in vitro but not in vivo. T cell health and activation can be increased with cytokines, therefore, using mCherry mRNA as a reporter, we found that culturing either mouse or human T cells with the cytokine IL7 significantly improved protein expression of delivered mRNA in both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in vitro. By pre-treating mice with systemic IL7 followed by tLNP administration, we observed significantly increased mCherry protein expression by T cells in vivo. Transcriptomic analysis of mouse T cells treated with IL7 in vitro revealed enhanced genomic pathways associated with protein translation. Improved translational ability was demonstrated by showing increased levels of protein expression after electroporation with mCherry mRNA in T cells cultured in the presence of IL7, but not with IL2 or IL15. These data show that IL7 selectively increases protein translation in T cells, and this property can be used to improve expression of tLNP-delivered mRNA in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M. Tilsed
- Center for Cellular Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | | | - Tyler E. Papp
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Phurin Areesawangkit
- Center for Cellular Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence for Cancer Immunotherapy (SiCORE-CIT), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok10700, Thailand
| | - Kenji Kimura
- Center for Cellular Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Estela Noguera-Ortega
- Center for Cellular Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - John Scholler
- Center for Cellular Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Nicholas Cerda
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Adrian Bot
- Capstan Therapeutics, San Diego, CA92121
| | - Barbara Mui
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ying Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Drew Weissman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Carl H. June
- Center for Cellular Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Steven M. Albelda
- Center for Cellular Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Hamideh Parhiz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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12
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Liongue C, Ratnayake T, Basheer F, Ward AC. Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3): A Critical Conserved Node in Immunity Disrupted in Immune Cell Cancer and Immunodeficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2977. [PMID: 38474223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK) family is a small group of protein tyrosine kinases that represent a central component of intracellular signaling downstream from a myriad of cytokine receptors. The JAK3 family member performs a particularly important role in facilitating signal transduction for a key set of cytokine receptors that are essential for immune cell development and function. Mutations that impact JAK3 activity have been identified in a number of human diseases, including somatic gain-of-function (GOF) mutations associated with immune cell malignancies and germline loss-of-function (LOF) mutations associated with immunodeficiency. The structure, function and impacts of both GOF and LOF mutations of JAK3 are highly conserved, making animal models highly informative. This review details the biology of JAK3 and the impact of its perturbation in immune cell-related diseases, including relevant animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | | | - Faiza Basheer
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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13
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Pekar L, Krah S, Zielonka S. Taming the beast: engineering strategies and biomedical potential of antibody-based cytokine mimetics. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024:1-4. [PMID: 38385844 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2322062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pekar
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Simon Krah
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Zielonka
- Antibody Discovery & Protein Engineering, Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
- Biomolecular Immunotherapy, Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
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14
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Taylor PC, Choy E, Baraliakos X, Szekanecz Z, Xavier RM, Isaacs JD, Strengholt S, Parmentier JM, Lippe R, Tanaka Y. Differential properties of Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:298-308. [PMID: 37624925 PMCID: PMC10836981 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) are a family of cytosolic tyrosine kinases that regulate cytokine signal transduction, including cytokines involved in a range of inflammatory diseases, such as RA, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and IBD. Several small-molecule JAK inhibitors (JAKis) are now approved for the treatment of various immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. There are, however, key differences between these agents that could potentially translate into unique clinical profiles. Each JAKi has a unique chemical structure, resulting in a distinctive mode of binding within the catalytic cleft of the target JAK, and giving rise to distinct pharmacological characteristics. In addition, the available agents have differing selectivity for JAK isoforms, as well as off-target effects against non-JAKs. Other differences include effects on haematological parameters, DNA damage repair, reproductive toxicity and metabolism/elimination. Here we review the pharmacological profiles of the JAKis abrocitinib, baricitinib, filgotinib, peficitinib, tofacitinib and upadacitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Taylor
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ernest Choy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Zoltan Szekanecz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rheumatology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ricardo M Xavier
- Serviço de Reumatologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - John D Isaacs
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Musculoskeletal Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Julie M Parmentier
- Immunology Precision Medicine, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Lippe
- AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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15
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Bhattacharya S, Sadhukhan D, Saraswathy R. Role of sex in immune response and epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetics Chromatin 2024; 17:1. [PMID: 38247002 PMCID: PMC10802034 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-024-00525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The functioning of the human immune system is highly dependent on the sex of the individual, which comes by virtue of sex chromosomes and hormonal differences. Epigenetic mechanisms such as X chromosome inactivation, mosaicism, skewing, and dimorphism in X chromosome genes and Y chromosome regulatory genes create a sex-based variance in the immune response between males and females. This leads to differential susceptibility in immune-related disorders like infections, autoimmunity, and malignancies. Various naturally available immunomodulators are also available which target immune pathways containing X chromosome genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sombodhi Bhattacharya
- Biomedical Genetics Research Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Debasmita Sadhukhan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Radha Saraswathy
- Biomedical Genetics Research Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India.
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16
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Liu Y, Dang Y, Zhang C, Liu L, Cai W, Li L, Fang L, Wang M, Xu S, Wang G, Zheng J, Li H. IL-21-armored B7H3 CAR-iNKT cells exert potent antitumor effects. iScience 2024; 27:108597. [PMID: 38179061 PMCID: PMC10765065 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
CD1d-restricted invariant NKT (iNKT) cells play a critical role in tumor immunity. However, the scarcity and limited persistence restricts their development and clinical application. Here, we demonstrated that iNKT cells could be efficiently expanded using modified cytokines combination from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Introduction of IL-21 significantly increased the frequency of CD62L-positive memory-like iNKT cells. iNKT cells armoring with B7H3-targeting second generation CAR and IL-21 showed potent tumor cell killing activity. Moreover, co-expression of IL-21 promoted the activation of Stat3 signaling and reduced the expression of exhaustion markers in CAR-iNKT cells in vitro. Most importantly, IL-21-arming significantly prolonged B7H3 CAR-iNKT cell proliferation and survival in vivo, thus improving their therapeutic efficacy in mouse renal cancer xerograph models without observed cytokine-related adverse events. In summary, these results suggest that B7H3 CAR-iNKT armored with IL-21 is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Liu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Dang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Chuhan Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Wenhui Cai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Liantao Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Med-ical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Lin Fang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Med-ical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Med-ical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Shunzhe Xu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Med-ical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center of Clinical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Med-ical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Huizhong Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Med-ical University, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
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17
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Zhang H, Shi Y, Lin C, He C, Wang S, Li Q, Sun Y, Li M. Overcoming cancer risk in inflammatory bowel disease: new insights into preventive strategies and pathogenesis mechanisms including interactions of immune cells, cancer signaling pathways, and gut microbiota. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1338918. [PMID: 38288125 PMCID: PMC10822953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1338918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized primarily by gastrointestinal inflammation, predominantly manifests as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). It is acknowledged that Inflammation plays a significant role in cancer development and patients with IBD have an increased risk of various cancers. The progression from inflammation to carcinogenesis in IBD is a result of the interplay between immune cells, gut microbiota, and carcinogenic signaling pathways in epithelial cells. Long-term chronic inflammation can lead to the accumulation of mutations in epithelial cells and the abnormal activation of carcinogenic signaling pathways. Furthermore, Immune cells play a pivotal role in both the acute and chronic phases of IBD, contributing to the transformation from inflammation to tumorigenesis. And patients with IBD frequently exhibit dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome. Disruption of the gut microbiota and subsequent immune dysregulation are central to the pathogenesis of both IBD and colitis associated colorectal cancer (CAC). The proactive management of inflammation combined with regular endoscopic and tumor screenings represents the most direct and effective strategy to prevent the IBD-associated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Zhang
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulu Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chanchan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chengcheng He
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanping Wang
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyuan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingsong Li
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Research Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Huang M, Wang L, Zhang Q, Zhou L, Liao R, Wu A, Wang X, Luo J, Huang F, Zou W, Wu J. Interleukins in Platelet Biology: Unraveling the Complex Regulatory Network. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:109. [PMID: 38256942 PMCID: PMC10820339 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukins, a diverse family of cytokines produced by various cells, play crucial roles in immune responses, immunoregulation, and a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. In the context of megakaryopoiesis, thrombopoiesis, and platelet function, interleukins have emerged as key regulators, exerting significant influence on the development, maturation, and activity of megakaryocytes (MKs) and platelets. While the therapeutic potential of interleukins in platelet-related diseases has been recognized for decades, their clinical application has been hindered by limitations in basic research and challenges in drug development. Recent advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms of interleukins and their interactions with MKs and platelets, coupled with breakthroughs in cytokine engineering, have revitalized the field of interleukin-based therapeutics. These breakthroughs have paved the way for the development of more effective and specific interleukin-based therapies for the treatment of platelet disorders. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of interleukins on megakaryopoiesis, thrombopoiesis, and platelet function. It highlights the potential clinical applications of interleukins in regulating megakaryopoiesis and platelet function and discusses the latest bioengineering technologies that could improve the pharmacokinetic properties of interleukins. By synthesizing the current knowledge in this field, this review aims to provide valuable insights for future research into the clinical application of interleukins in platelet-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (M.H.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (R.L.); (A.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Qianhui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (M.H.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (R.L.); (A.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Rui Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (R.L.); (A.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Anguo Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (R.L.); (A.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Xinle Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiesi Luo
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (X.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Feihong Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (R.L.); (A.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Wenjun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; (M.H.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (X.W.); (J.L.)
- The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education of China, Luzhou 646000, China
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Zhao Y, Wang H, Jin L, Zhang Z, Liu L, Zhou M, Zhang X, Zhang L. Targeting fusion proteins of the interleukin family: A promising new strategy for the treatment of autoinflammatory diseases. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106647. [PMID: 37984595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
As a means of communication between immune cells and non-immune cells, Interleukins (ILs) has the main functions of stimulating the proliferation and activation of inflammatory immune cells such as dendritic cells and lymphocytes, promote the development of blood cells and so on. However, dysregulation of ILs expression is a major feature of autoinflammatory diseases. The drugs targeting ILs or IL-like biologics have played an important role in the clinical treatment of autoinflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, the widespread use of IL products may result in significant off-target adverse reactions. Thus, there is a clear need to develop next-generation ILs products in the biomedical field. Fusion proteins are proteins created through the joining of two or more genes that originally coded for separate proteins. Over the last 30 years, there has been increasing interest in the use of fusion protein technology for developing anti-inflammatory drugs. In comparison to single-target drugs, fusion proteins, as multiple targets drugs, have the ability to enhance the cytokine therapeutic index, resulting in improved efficacy over classical drugs. The strategy of preparing ILs or their receptors as fusion proteins is increasingly used in the treatment of autoimmune and chronic inflammation. This review focuses on the efficacy of several fusion protein drugs developed with ILs or their receptors in the treatment of autoinflammatory diseases, in order to illustrate the prospects of this new technology as an anti-inflammatory drug development protocol in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Han Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Lianghu Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Mengqi Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Xianzheng Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anti-inflammatory Immune Drugs Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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Kim J, Ham J, Kang HR, Bae YS, Kim T, Kim HY. JAK3 inhibitor suppresses multipotent ILC2s and attenuates steroid-resistant asthma. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi3770. [PMID: 38117887 PMCID: PMC10732531 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Steroids are the standard treatment for allergic airway inflammation in asthma, but steroid-refractory asthma poses a challenge. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), such as T helper 2 (TH2) cells, produce key asthma-related type 2 cytokines. Recent insights from mouse and human studies indicate a potential connection between ILC2s and steroid-resistant asthma. Here, we highlight that lung ILC2s, rather than TH2 cells, can develop steroid resistance, allowing them to persist and maintain their disease-driving activity even during steroid treatment. The emergence of multipotent IL-5+IL-13+IL-17A+ ILC2s is associated with steroid-resistant ILC2s. The Janus kinase 3 (JAK3)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, 5, and 6 pathways contribute to the acquisition of steroid-resistant ILC2s. The JAK3 inhibitor reduces ILC2 survival, proliferation, and cytokine production in vitro and ameliorates ILC2-driven Alternaria-induced asthma. Furthermore, combining a JAK3 inhibitor with steroids results in the inhibition of steroid-resistant asthma. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic approach for addressing this challenging condition in chronic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongho Ham
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hye Ryun Kang
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - TaeSoo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Multitasking Macrophage Research Center, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, SRC Center for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organs, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
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Rocha Martins P, Luciano Pereira Morais K, de Lima Galdino NA, Jacauna A, Paula SOC, Magalhães WCS, Zuccherato LW, Campos LS, Salles PGO, Gollob KJ. Linking tumor immune infiltrate and systemic immune mediators to treatment response and prognosis in advanced cervical cancer. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22634. [PMID: 38114557 PMCID: PMC10730812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49441-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) poses a significant burden on individuals in developing regions, exhibiting heterogeneous responses to standard chemoradiation therapy, and contributing to substantial mortality rates. Unraveling host immune dynamics holds promise for innovative therapies and discovery of clinically relevant biomarkers. We studied prospectively locally advanced CC patients pre-treatment, stratifying them as responders (R) or non-responders (NR). R patients had increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), while NR patients showed elevated PD-1 scores, CD8+ and PD-L2+ TILs, and PD-L1 immune reactivity. NR patients exhibited higher systemic soluble mediators correlating with TIL immune markers. R patients demonstrated functional polarization of CD4 T cells (Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg), while CD8+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages predominated in the NR group. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified potential CC response predictors, including PD-L1-immunoreactive (IR) area, PD-L2, CD8, FGF-basic, IL-7, IL-8, IL-12p40, IL-15, and TNF-alpha. Dysfunctional TILs and imbalanced immune mediators contribute to therapeutic insufficiency, shedding light on local and systemic immune interplay. Our study informs immunological signatures for treatment prediction and CC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Rocha Martins
- Pathology Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Instituto Mário Penna, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Kátia Luciano Pereira Morais
- Translational Immuno-Oncology Lab, Education and Research Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Center for Research in Immuno-Oncology (CRIO), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nayane Alves de Lima Galdino
- Translational Immuno-Oncology Lab, Education and Research Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Center for Research in Immuno-Oncology (CRIO), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Jacauna
- Pathology Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner C S Magalhães
- Instituto Mário Penna, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- CCATES - Centro Colaborador do SUS: Avaliação de Tecnologias e Excelencia em Saude, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana W Zuccherato
- Instituto Mário Penna, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kenneth J Gollob
- Instituto Mário Penna, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
- Translational Immuno-Oncology Lab, Education and Research Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Center for Research in Immuno-Oncology (CRIO), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Center for Research in Immuno-Oncology (CRIO), Translational Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Av. Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, 62705652-900, Brazil.
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Wu WC, Shiu C, Tong TK, Leung SO, Hui CW. Suppression of NK Cell Activation by JAK3 Inhibition: Implication in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:8924603. [PMID: 38106519 PMCID: PMC10723930 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8924603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell is an essential cytotoxic lymphocyte in our innate immunity. Activation of NK cells is of paramount importance in defending against pathogens, suppressing autoantibody production and regulating other immune cells. Common gamma chain (γc) cytokines, including IL-2, IL-15, and IL-21, are defined as essential regulators for NK cell homeostasis and development. However, it is inconclusive whether γc cytokine-driven NK cell activation plays a protective or pathogenic role in the development of autoimmunity. In this study, we investigate and correlate the differential effects of γc cytokines in NK cell expansion and activation. IL-2 and IL-15 are mainly responsible for NK cell activation, while IL-21 preferentially stimulates NK cell proliferation. Blockade of Janus tyrosine kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway by either JAK inhibitors or antibodies targeting γc receptor subunits reverses the γc cytokine-induced NK cell activation, leading to suppression of its autoimmunity-like phenotype in vitro. These results underline the mechanisms of how γc cytokines trigger autoimmune phenotype in NK cells as a potential target to autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Chung Wu
- SinoMab BioScience Limited, Units 303 and 305 to 307, No. 15 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Carol Shiu
- SinoMab BioScience Limited, Units 303 and 305 to 307, No. 15 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Tak Keung Tong
- SinoMab BioScience Limited, Units 303 and 305 to 307, No. 15 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Shui On Leung
- SinoMab BioScience Limited, Units 303 and 305 to 307, No. 15 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chin Wai Hui
- SinoMab BioScience Limited, Units 303 and 305 to 307, No. 15 Science Park West Avenue, Hong Kong Science Park, Pak Shek Kok, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Essogmo FE, Zhilenkova AV, Tchawe YSN, Owoicho AM, Rusanov AS, Boroda A, Pirogova YN, Sangadzhieva ZD, Sanikovich VD, Bagmet NN, Sekacheva MI. Cytokine Profile in Lung Cancer Patients: Anti-Tumor and Oncogenic Cytokines. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5383. [PMID: 38001643 PMCID: PMC10670546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is currently the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In recent years, checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy (ICI) has emerged as a new treatment. A better understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TMJ) or the immune system surrounding the tumor is needed. Cytokines are small proteins that carry messages between cells and are known to play an important role in the body's response to inflammation and infection. Cytokines are important for immunity in lung cancer. They promote tumor growth (oncogenic cytokines) or inhibit tumor growth (anti-tumour cytokines) by controlling signaling pathways for growth, proliferation, metastasis, and apoptosis. The immune system relies heavily on cytokines. They can also be produced in the laboratory for therapeutic use. Cytokine therapy helps the immune system to stop the growth or kill cancer cells. Interleukins and interferons are the two types of cytokines used to treat cancer. This article begins by addressing the role of the TMJ and its components in lung cancer. This review also highlights the functions of various cytokines such as interleukins (IL), transforming growth factor (TGF), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Elad Essogmo
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (F.E.E.); (A.V.Z.); (Y.S.N.T.); (A.M.O.); (A.S.R.); (A.B.); (Y.N.P.); (Z.D.S.); (V.D.S.)
- Cameroon Oncology Center (COC), Douala P.O. Box 1864, Cameroon
| | - Angelina V. Zhilenkova
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (F.E.E.); (A.V.Z.); (Y.S.N.T.); (A.M.O.); (A.S.R.); (A.B.); (Y.N.P.); (Z.D.S.); (V.D.S.)
| | - Yvan Sinclair Ngaha Tchawe
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (F.E.E.); (A.V.Z.); (Y.S.N.T.); (A.M.O.); (A.S.R.); (A.B.); (Y.N.P.); (Z.D.S.); (V.D.S.)
| | - Abah Moses Owoicho
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (F.E.E.); (A.V.Z.); (Y.S.N.T.); (A.M.O.); (A.S.R.); (A.B.); (Y.N.P.); (Z.D.S.); (V.D.S.)
| | - Alexander S. Rusanov
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (F.E.E.); (A.V.Z.); (Y.S.N.T.); (A.M.O.); (A.S.R.); (A.B.); (Y.N.P.); (Z.D.S.); (V.D.S.)
| | - Alexander Boroda
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (F.E.E.); (A.V.Z.); (Y.S.N.T.); (A.M.O.); (A.S.R.); (A.B.); (Y.N.P.); (Z.D.S.); (V.D.S.)
| | - Yuliya N. Pirogova
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (F.E.E.); (A.V.Z.); (Y.S.N.T.); (A.M.O.); (A.S.R.); (A.B.); (Y.N.P.); (Z.D.S.); (V.D.S.)
| | - Zaiana D. Sangadzhieva
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (F.E.E.); (A.V.Z.); (Y.S.N.T.); (A.M.O.); (A.S.R.); (A.B.); (Y.N.P.); (Z.D.S.); (V.D.S.)
| | - Varvara D. Sanikovich
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (F.E.E.); (A.V.Z.); (Y.S.N.T.); (A.M.O.); (A.S.R.); (A.B.); (Y.N.P.); (Z.D.S.); (V.D.S.)
| | - Nikolay N. Bagmet
- Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery, Moscow 117418, Russia;
| | - Marina I. Sekacheva
- Institute for Personalized Oncology, Center for Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia; (F.E.E.); (A.V.Z.); (Y.S.N.T.); (A.M.O.); (A.S.R.); (A.B.); (Y.N.P.); (Z.D.S.); (V.D.S.)
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24
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Wang H, Wei R, Deng T, Zhang J, Shen Z. Identifying immuno-related diagnostic genes and immune infiltration signatures for periodontitis and alopecia areata. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110880. [PMID: 37717318 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there have been indications that periodontitis (PD) may be susceptible to alopecia areata (AA), the underlying mechanism of its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. The objective of our study is to conduct further research into the occurrence of this complication. METHODS The gene expression omnibus (GEO) database was the source of acquisition for both PD and AA datasets. Various methods, including the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, Cytohubba algorithms, and RandomForest algorithms, were utilized to identify candidate hub immuno-related genes (IRGs) for diagnosing AA with PD. The diagnostic efficacy was assessed by constructing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. To further deepen our understanding, immune cell infiltration, flow cytometry assay, and immunofluorescence techniques were employed to uncover immune cell dysregulation in PD and AA. RESULTS 899 and 803 DEGs were detected in AA and PD, respectively, with an intersection of 150 common DEGs enriched in immune regulation. Further analysis of the junction of shared DEGs and IRGs was analyzed using the PPI network, Mcode, and Cytohubba algorithms. Three hub genes (CTSS, IL2RG, and ITGAL) were subsequently selected by Cytohubba and RandomForest algorithms and were found to be promising candidate hub genes with high diagnostic values (AUC ranging from 0.776 to 0.909) for diagnosing AA with PD. Additionally, various dysregulated immune cells were observed, with mast cells potentially serving as markers for AA and plasma for PD. CONCLUSION Three candidate hub IRGs (CTSS, IL2RG, and ITGAL) were identified with considerable diagnostic values. Besides, mast cells could serve as markers for AA, while plasma may indicate PD. Our research has the potential to identify shared diagnostic candidate genes and immune cells for AA and PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoqu Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Xinhua Hospital, and Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tanjun Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhengyu Shen
- Department of Dermatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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25
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Leonard WJ, Lin JX. Strategies to therapeutically modulate cytokine action. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:827-854. [PMID: 37542128 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are secreted or membrane-presented molecules that mediate broad cellular functions, including development, differentiation, growth and survival. Accordingly, the regulation of cytokine activity is extraordinarily important both physiologically and pathologically. Cytokine and/or cytokine receptor engineering is being widely investigated to safely and effectively modulate cytokine activity for therapeutic benefit. IL-2 in particular has been extensively engineered, to create IL-2 variants that differentially exhibit activities on regulatory T cells to potentially treat autoimmune disease versus effector T cells to augment antitumour effects. Additionally, engineering approaches are being applied to many other cytokines such as IL-10, interferons and IL-1 family cytokines, given their immunosuppressive and/or antiviral and anticancer effects. In modulating the actions of cytokines, the strategies used have been broad, including altering affinities of cytokines for their receptors, prolonging cytokine half-lives in vivo and fine-tuning cytokine actions. The field is rapidly expanding, with extensive efforts to create improved therapeutics for a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren J Leonard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jian-Xin Lin
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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26
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Shapiro MR, Peters LD, Brown ME, Cabello-Kindelan C, Posgai AL, Bayer AL, Brusko TM. Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Synergizes with IL-2 to Induce Homeostatic Proliferation of Regulatory T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1108-1122. [PMID: 37594278 PMCID: PMC10511790 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
IL-2 has been proposed to restore tolerance via regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion in autoimmunity, yet off-target effects necessitate identification of a combinatorial approach allowing for lower IL-2 dosing. We recently reported reduced levels of immunoregulatory insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) during type 1 diabetes progression. Thus, we hypothesized that IGF1 would synergize with IL-2 to expand Tregs. We observed IGF1 receptor was elevated on murine memory and human naive Treg subsets. IL-2 and IGF1 promoted PI3K/Akt signaling in Tregs, inducing thymically-derived Treg expansion beyond either agent alone in NOD mice. Increased populations of murine Tregs of naive or memory, as well as CD5lo polyclonal or CD5hi likely self-reactive, status were also observed. Expansion was attributed to increased IL-2Rγ subunit expression on murine Tregs exposed to IL-2 and IGF1 as compared with IL-2 or IGF1 alone. Assessing translational capacity, incubation of naive human CD4+ T cells with IL-2 and IGF1 enhanced thymically-derived Treg proliferation in vitro, without the need for TCR ligation. We then demonstrated that IGF1 and IL-2 or IL-7, which is also IL-2Rγ-chain dependent, can be used to induce proliferation of genetically engineered naive human Tregs or T conventional cells, respectively. These data support the potential use of IGF1 in combination with common γ-chain cytokines to drive homeostatic T cell expansion, both in vitro and in vivo, for cellular therapeutics and ex vivo gene editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R. Shapiro
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Leeana D. Peters
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Matthew E. Brown
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Amanda L. Posgai
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Allison L. Bayer
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Todd M. Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Diabetes Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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27
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Seth P, Dubey S. IL-22 as a target for therapeutic intervention: Current knowledge on its role in various diseases. Cytokine 2023; 169:156293. [PMID: 37441942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
IL-22 has emerged as a crucial cytokine mediating protective response against pathogens and tissue regeneration. Dysregulated production of IL-22 has been shown to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases like malignant tumours, viral, cardiovascular, allergic and autoimmune disorders. Interleukin 22 belongs to IFN-IL-10 cytokine family. It is a major proinflammatory cytokine secreted by activated Th1 cells (Th22), though can also be secreted by many other immune cells like group 3 innate lymphocytes, γδ T cells, NK cells, NK T cells, and mucosal associated invariant T cells. Th22 cells exclusively release IL-22 but not IL-17 or IFN-γ (as Th1 cells releases IFN-γ along with IL-22 and Th17 cells releases IL-17 along with IL-22) and also express aryl hydrocarbon receptor as the key transcription factor. Th22 cells also exhibit expression of chemokine receptor CCR6 and skin-homing receptors CCR4 and CCR10 indicating the involvement of this subset in bolstering epithelial barrier immunity and promoting secretion of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) from intestinal epithelial cells. The function of IL-22 is modulated by IL-22 binding protein (binds to IL-22 and inhibits it binding to its cell surface receptor); which serves as a competitor for IL-22R1 chain of IL-22 receptor. The pathogenic and protective nature of the Th22 cells is modulated both by the site of infected tissue and the type of disease pathology. This review aims to discuss key features of IL-22 biology, comparisons between IL and 22 and IFN-γ and its role as a potential immune therapy target in different maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Seth
- Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, India
| | - Shweta Dubey
- Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, India.
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28
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Li T, Yang X, Zhu J, Liu Y, Jin X, Chen G, Ye L. Current application status and structure-activity relationship of selective and non-selective JAK inhibitors in diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110660. [PMID: 37478665 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
JAK kinase includes four family members: JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2. It forms the JAK-STAT pathway with signal transmitters and activators of subscription (STAT). This pathway is one of the main mechanisms by which many cytokine receptors transduce intracellular signals, it is associated with the occurrence of various immune, inflammatory, and tumor diseases. JAK inhibitors block the signal transduction of the JAK-STAT pathway by targeting JAK kinase. Based on whether they target multiple subtypes of JAK kinase, JAK inhibitors are categorized into pan-JAK inhibitors and selective JAK inhibitors. Compared with pan JAK inhibitors, selective JAK inhibitors are associated with a specific member, thus more targeted in therapy, with improved efficacy and reduced side effects. Currently, a number of JAK inhibitors have been approval for disease treatment. This review summarized the current application status of JAK inhibitors that have been marketed, advances of JAK inhibitors currently in phase Ш clinical trials, and the structure-activity relationship of them, with an intention to provide references for the development of novel JAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xianjing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juan Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaobao Jin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lianbao Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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29
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Collotta D, Franchina MP, Carlucci V, Collino M. Recent advances in JAK inhibitors for the treatment of metabolic syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1245535. [PMID: 37701031 PMCID: PMC10494544 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1245535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
With an epidemic spread, metabolic syndrome represents an increasingly emerging risk for the population globally, and is currently recognized as a pathological entity. It is represented by a cluster of different conditions including increased blood pressure, high blood sugar, excess body fat around the waist and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels. These conditions lead directly to several disorders, including obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycaemia, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and hypertension causing an increase in cardiovascular risk and in particular atherosclerotic disease. Despite efforts to promote healthier lifestyles through exercise, reduced caloric intake, and improved dietary choices, the incidence and prevalence of metabolic syndrome continue to rise worldwide. Recent research has highlighted the involvement of signaling pathways in chronic inflammatory conditions like obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, revealing the significance of the JAK/STAT pathway in atherosclerotic events. This pathway serves as a rapid membrane-to-nucleus signaling module that regulates the expression of critical mediators. Consequently, JAK inhibitors (JAKi) have emerged as potential therapeutic options for metabolic diseases, offering a promising avenue for intervention. The aim of this review is to shed light on the emerging indications of JAK inhibitors in metabolic syndrome, emphasizing their potential role in attenuating associated inflammatory processes, improving insulin sensitivity, and addressing cross-talk with the insulin pathway, with the intention of contributing to efforts in the field of inflammation pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Collotta
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Franchina
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi-Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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30
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Cai T, Lenoir Capello R, Pi X, Wu H, Chou JJ. Structural basis of γ chain family receptor sharing at the membrane level. Science 2023; 381:569-576. [PMID: 37535730 DOI: 10.1126/science.add1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Common γ chain (γc) cytokine receptors, including interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21 receptors, are activated upon engagement with a common γc receptor (CD132) by concomitant binding of their ectodomains to an interleukin. In this work, we find that direct interactions between the transmembrane domains (TMDs) of both the γc and the interleukin receptors (ILRs) are also required for receptor activation. Moreover, the same γc TMD can specifically recognize multiple ILR TMDs of diverse sequences within the family. Heterodimer structures of γc TMD bound to IL-7 and IL-9 receptor TMDs-determined in a lipid bilayer-like environment by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-reveal a conserved knob-into-hole mechanism of recognition that mediates receptor sharing within the membrane. Thus, signaling in the γc receptor family requires specific heterotypic interactions of the TMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Cai
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rachel Lenoir Capello
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiong Pi
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James J Chou
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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31
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Cook PJ, Yang SJ, Uenishi GI, Grimm A, West SE, Wang LJ, Jacobs C, Repele A, Drow T, Boukhris A, Dahl NP, Sommer K, Scharenberg AM, Rawlings DJ. A chemically inducible IL-2 receptor signaling complex allows for effective in vitro and in vivo selection of engineered CD4+ T cells. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2472-2488. [PMID: 37147803 PMCID: PMC10421999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered T cells represent an emerging therapeutic modality. However, complex engineering strategies can present a challenge for enriching and expanding therapeutic cells at clinical scale. In addition, lack of in vivo cytokine support can lead to poor engraftment of transferred T cells, including regulatory T cells (Treg). Here, we establish a cell-intrinsic selection system that leverages the dependency of primary T cells on IL-2 signaling. FRB-IL2RB and FKBP-IL2RG fusion proteins were identified permitting selective expansion of primary CD4+ T cells in rapamycin supplemented medium. This chemically inducible signaling complex (CISC) was subsequently incorporated into HDR donor templates designed to drive expression of the Treg master regulator FOXP3. Following editing of CD4+ T cells, CISC+ engineered Treg (CISC EngTreg) were selectively expanded using rapamycin and maintained Treg activity. Following transfer into immunodeficient mice treated with rapamycin, CISC EngTreg exhibited sustained engraftment in the absence of IL-2. Furthermore, in vivo CISC engagement increased the therapeutic activity of CISC EngTreg. Finally, an editing strategy targeting the TRAC locus permitted generation and selective enrichment of CISC+ functional CD19-CAR-T cells. Together, CISC provides a robust platform to achieve both in vitro enrichment and in vivo engraftment and activation, features likely beneficial across multiple gene-edited T cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Cook
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle WA 98101, USA
| | - Su Jung Yang
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle WA 98101, USA
| | - Gene I Uenishi
- GentiBio, Inc., 150 Cambridgepark Drive, Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Annaiz Grimm
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle WA 98101, USA
| | - Samuel E West
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle WA 98101, USA
| | - Li-Jie Wang
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle WA 98101, USA
| | - Chester Jacobs
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle WA 98101, USA
| | - Andrea Repele
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle WA 98101, USA
| | - Travis Drow
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle WA 98101, USA
| | - Ahmad Boukhris
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle WA 98101, USA
| | - Noelle P Dahl
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle WA 98101, USA
| | - Karen Sommer
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle WA 98101, USA
| | - Andrew M Scharenberg
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98101, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98101, USA
| | - David J Rawlings
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies and the Program for Cell and Gene Therapy, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Avenue, Seattle WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98101, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98101, USA.
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32
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Zhao M, Wang C, Li P, Sun T, Wang J, Zhang S, Ma Q, Ma F, Shi W, Shi M, Ma Y, Pan Y, Zhang H, Xie X. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the transcriptomic characteristics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in hepatitis B vaccine non-responders. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1091237. [PMID: 37593735 PMCID: PMC10431960 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1091237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of a vaccine against hepatitis B has proven to be an important milestone in the prevention of this disease; however, 5%-10% of vaccinated individuals do not generate an immune response to the vaccine, and its molecular mechanism has not been clarified. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from three volunteers with a high immune response (HR) and three with no immune response (NR) to the hepatitis B vaccine. We found that the antigen-presenting activity scores of various antigen-presenting cells, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activity scores of naive B cells, and the cell activity scores of three types of effector T cells were significantly decreased, whereas the cytotoxicity scores of CD3highCD16lowKLRG1high natural killer T (NKT) cells were significantly increased in the NR group compared with those in the HR group. Additionally, the expression levels of some classical molecules associated with distinct signaling pathways-including HLA-B, HLA-DRB5, BLNK, BLK, IL4R, SCIMP, JUN, CEBPB, NDFIP1, and TXNIP-were significantly reduced in corresponding subsets of PBMCs from the NR group relative to those of the HR group. Furthermore, the expression of several cytotoxicity-related effector molecules, such as GNLY, NKG7, GZMB, GZMM, KLRC1, KLRD1, PRF1, CST7, and CTSW, was significantly higher in CD3highCD16lowKLRG1high NKT cells derived from non-responders. Our study provides a molecular basis for the lack of response to the hepatitis B vaccine, including defective antigen presentation, decreased T cell activity, and reduced IL-4 secretion, as well as novel insight into the role of NKT cells in the immune response to the hepatitis B vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meie Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Peiqiang Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, Huzhou Central Hospital, Huzhou Hospital Affiliated with Zhejiang University, Huzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qinglong Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fengdie Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenjing Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Maoning Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yapeng Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Tianshui, Tian Shui, Gansu, China
| | - Yunyan Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Virus Laboratory, Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaodong Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Rodriguez G, Martinez GS, Negrete OD, Sun S, Guo W, Xie Y, Li L, Xiao C, Ross JA, Kirken RA. JAK3 Y841 Autophosphorylation Is Critical for STAT5B Activation, Kinase Domain Stability and Dimer Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11928. [PMID: 37569303 PMCID: PMC10418363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241511928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus tyrosine kinase 3 (JAK3) is primarily expressed in immune cells and is needed for signaling by the common gamma chain (γc) family of cytokines. Abnormal JAK3 signal transduction can manifest as hematological disorders, e.g., leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and autoimmune disease states. While regulatory JAK3 phosphosites have been well studied, here a functional proteomics approach coupling a JAK3 autokinase assay to mass spectrometry revealed ten previously unreported autophosphorylation sites (Y105, Y190, Y238, Y399, Y633, Y637, Y738, Y762, Y824, and Y841). Of interest, Y841 was determined to be evolutionarily conserved across multiple species and JAK family members, suggesting a broader role for this residue. Phospho-substitution mutants confirmed that Y841 is also required for STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation. The homologous JAK1 residue Y894 elicited a similar response to mutagenesis, indicating the shared importance for this site in JAK family members. Phospho-specific Y841-JAK3 antibodies recognized activated kinase from various T-cell lines and transforming JAK3 mutants. Computational biophysics analysis linked Y841 phosphorylation to enhanced JAK3 JH1 domain stability across pH environments, as well as to facilitated complementary electrostatic JH1 dimer formation. Interestingly, Y841 is not limited to tyrosine kinases, suggesting it represents a conserved ubiquitous enzymatic function that may hold therapeutic potential across multiple kinase families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgialina Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - George Steven Martinez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Omar Daniel Negrete
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Shengjie Sun
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Wenhan Guo
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Yixin Xie
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Chuan Xiao
- Computational Science Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Jeremy Aaron Ross
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Robert Arthur Kirken
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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Thomas S, Fiebig JE, Kuhn EM, Mayer DS, Filbeck S, Schmitz W, Krischke M, Gropp R, Mueller TD. Design of Glycoengineered IL-4 Antagonists Employing Chemical and Biosynthetic Glycosylation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:24841-24852. [PMID: 37483220 PMCID: PMC10357448 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) plays a key role in atopic diseases. It coordinates T-helper cell differentiation to subtype 2, thereby directing defense toward humoral immunity. Together with Interleukin-13, IL-4 further induces immunoglobulin class switch to IgE. Antibodies of this type activate mast cells and basophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes, which release pro-inflammatory mediators accounting for the typical symptoms of atopic diseases. IL-4 and IL-13 are thus major targets for pharmaceutical intervention strategies to treat atopic diseases. Besides neutralizing antibodies against IL-4, IL-13, or its receptors, IL-4 antagonists can present valuable alternatives. Pitrakinra, an Escherichia coli-derived IL-4 antagonist, has been evaluated in clinical trials for asthma treatment in the past; however, deficits such as short serum lifetime and potential immunogenicity among others stopped further development. To overcome such deficits, PEGylation of therapeutically important proteins has been used to increase the lifetime and proteolytic stability. As an alternative, glycoengineering is an emerging strategy used to improve pharmacokinetics of protein therapeutics. In this study, we have established different strategies to attach glycan moieties to defined positions in IL-4. Different chemical attachment strategies employing thiol chemistry were used to attach a glucose molecule at amino acid position 121, thereby converting IL-4 into a highly effective antagonist. To enhance the proteolytic stability of this IL-4 antagonist, additional glycan structures were introduced by glycoengineering utilizing eucaryotic expression. IL-4 antagonists with a combination of chemical and biosynthetic glycoengineering could be useful as therapeutic alternatives to IL-4 neutralizing antibodies already used to treat atopic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Thomas
- Department
of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of the University Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Juliane E. Fiebig
- Department
of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of the University Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Kuhn
- Department
of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of the University Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Dominik S. Mayer
- Department
of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of the University Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Filbeck
- Department
of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of the University Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Werner Schmitz
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biocenter
of the University Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Krischke
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biology, Julius-von-Sachs
Institute of the University Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Roswitha Gropp
- Department
of General- Visceral-, Vascular- and Transplantation Surgery, Hospital of the LMU, Nussbaumstr. 20, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas D. Mueller
- Department
of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs Institute of the University Wuerzburg, Julius-von-Sachs Platz 2, D-97082 Wuerzburg, Germany
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Baysoy A, Seddu K, Salloum T, Dawson CA, Lee JJ, Yang L, Gal-oz S, Ner-Gaon H, Tellier J, Millan A, Sasse A, Brown B, Lanier LL, Shay T, Nutt S, Dwyer D, Benoist C. The interweaved signatures of common-gamma-chain cytokines across immunologic lineages. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20222052. [PMID: 36976164 PMCID: PMC10067526 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20222052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
"γc" cytokines are a family whose receptors share a "common-gamma-chain" signaling moiety, and play central roles in differentiation, homeostasis, and communications of all immunocyte lineages. As a resource to better understand their range and specificity of action, we profiled by RNAseq the immediate-early responses to the main γc cytokines across all immunocyte lineages. The results reveal an unprecedented landscape: broader, with extensive overlap between cytokines (one cytokine doing in one cell what another does elsewhere) and essentially no effects unique to any one cytokine. Responses include a major downregulation component and a broad Myc-controlled resetting of biosynthetic and metabolic pathways. Various mechanisms appear involved: fast transcriptional activation, chromatin remodeling, and mRNA destabilization. Other surprises were uncovered: IL2 effects in mast cells, shifts between follicular and marginal zone B cells, paradoxical and cell-specific cross-talk between interferon and γc signatures, or an NKT-like program induced by IL21 in CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Baysoy
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kumba Seddu
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tamara Salloum
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caleb A. Dawson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Researchand Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Juliana J. Lee
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shani Gal-oz
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hadas Ner-Gaon
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Julie Tellier
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Researchand Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Alberto Millan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Sasse
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brian Brown
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lewis L. Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tal Shay
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Stephen Nutt
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Researchand Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Daniel Dwyer
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christophe Benoist
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Sardana K, Bathula S, Khurana A. Which is the Ideal JAK Inhibitor for Alopecia Areata - Baricitinib, Tofacitinib, Ritlecitinib or Ifidancitinib - Revisiting the Immunomechanisms of the JAK Pathway. Indian Dermatol Online J 2023; 14:465-474. [PMID: 37521227 PMCID: PMC10373824 DOI: 10.4103/idoj.idoj_452_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alopecia areata (AA) is an immune-mediated condition, clinically manifesting as non-cicatricial patches of alopecia. It is often a self-limiting condition; however, regrowth of hair can take a long period of time, resulting in significant psychological comorbidity. With the recent advances in pathomechanisms of AA, the therapeutic approach to the condition has become more specific, and targeted therapy with small molecules is probably the ideal intervention. Many therapies exist for AA, but none of the systemic agents were approved, until recently, when baricitinib (Janus kinase (JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor) gained FDA approval for the treatment of adult patients with severe AA. JAK inhibitors (JAKibs) target the γc cytokine and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) signaling pathway, which is critical to the immunopathogenesis of AA and thus can reverse the hair loss in AA. Although JAKibs are emerging as a promising treatment modality for AA, the ideal JAKib is not yet settled, as there is scant data on H-2-H (head-to-head) comparisons of JAK inhibitors in AA. Moreover, the response achieved with JAKibs is not sustained after treatment discontinuation, with many studies showing a high recurrence rate with tofacitinib and ruxolitinib post-treatment. Also, recent studies have hypothesized that JAK2, with its ubiquitous expression, can cause adverse effects, unlike JAK1, which is associated with multiple major cytokine receptor families and JAK3, which is exclusively associated with the γc cytokine receptor. Thus, JAK3ibs may be associated with a better side effect profile and, in conjunction with their specificity, may replace other JAKibs as the treatment of choice for AA. We herein discuss the role of the JAK/STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway in AA, the intricacies of various JAKibs in the management of AA, and emphasize the need for studies on tissue JAK and cytokine expression before arriving at the ideal JAKibs for AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir Sardana
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Savitha Bathula
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ananta Khurana
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Park HJ, Lee SW, Van Kaer L, Lee MS, Hong S. IL-7 Deficiency Exacerbates Atopic Dermatitis in NC/Nga Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9956. [PMID: 37373104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) plays a vital role in the homeostasis of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Although IL-7 has been implicated in T helper (Th)1- and Th17-mediated autoinflammatory diseases, its role in Th2-type allergic disorders, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), remains unclear. Thus, to elucidate the effects of IL-7 deficiency on AD development, we generated IL-7-deficient AD-prone mice by backcrossing IL-7 knockout (KO) B6 mice onto the NC/Nga (NC) mouse strain, a model for human AD. As expected, IL-7 KO NC mice displayed defective development of conventional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared with wild type (WT) NC mice. However, IL-7 KO NC mice presented with enhanced AD clinical scores, IgE hyperproduction, and increased epidermal thickness compared with WT NC mice. Moreover, IL-7 deficiency decreased Th1, Th17, and IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells but increased Th2 cells in the spleen of NC mice, indicating that a reduced Th1/Th2 ratio correlates with severity of AD pathogenesis. Furthermore, significantly more basophils and mast cells infiltrated the skin lesions of IL-7 KO NC mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that IL-7 could be a useful therapeutic target for treating Th2-mediated skin inflammations, such as AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Won Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health and Biomedical Services, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Seokmann Hong
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
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Hollander MJ, Malaker SA, Riley NM, Perez I, Abney NM, Gray MA, Maxson JE, Cochran JR, Bertozzi CR. Mutational screens highlight glycosylation as a modulator of colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) activity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104755. [PMID: 37116708 PMCID: PMC10245049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) controls the growth of neutrophils, the most abundant type of white blood cell. In healthy neutrophils, signaling is dependent on CSF3R binding to its ligand, CSF3. A single amino acid mutation in CSF3R, T618I, instead allows for constitutive, ligand-independent cell growth and leads to a rare type of cancer called chronic neutrophilic leukemia. However, the disease mechanism is not well understood. Here, we investigated why this threonine to isoleucine substitution is the predominant mutation in chronic neutrophilic leukemia and how it leads to uncontrolled neutrophil growth. Using protein domain mapping, we demonstrated that the single CSF3R domain containing residue 618 is sufficient for ligand-independent activity. We then applied an unbiased mutational screening strategy focused on this domain and found that activating mutations are enriched at sites normally occupied by asparagine, threonine, and serine residues-the three amino acids which are commonly glycosylated. We confirmed glycosylation at multiple CSF3R residues by mass spectrometry, including the presence of GalNAc and Gal-GalNAc glycans at WT threonine 618. Using the same approach applied to other cell surface receptors, we identified an activating mutation, S489F, in the interleukin-31 receptor alpha chain. Combined, these results suggest a role for glycosylated hotspot residues in regulating receptor signaling, mutation of which can lead to ligand-independent, uncontrolled activity and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hollander
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stacy A Malaker
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nicholas M Riley
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Idalia Perez
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nayla M Abney
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Melissa A Gray
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Julia E Maxson
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jennifer R Cochran
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, California, USA.
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Cai T, Lenoir Capello R, Pi X, Wu H, Chou JJ. Structural basis of γ -chain family receptor sharing at the membrane level. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.05.539662. [PMID: 37205582 PMCID: PMC10187304 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.05.539662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The common γ-chain (γc) family of cytokine receptors, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, IL-15, and IL-21 receptors, are activated upon engagement with the common γc receptor in ligand dependent manner. Sharing of γc by the IL receptors (ILRs) is thought to be achieved by concomitant binding of γc and ILR ectodomains to a cytokine. Here, we found that direct interactions between the transmembrane domain (TMD) of γc and those of the ILRs are also required for receptor activation, and remarkably, the same γc TMD can specifically recognize multiple ILR TMDs of diverse sequences. Heterodimer structures of γc TMD bound to the TMDs of IL-7R and IL-9R, determined in near lipid bilayer environment, reveal a conserved knob-into-hole mechanism of recognition that mediates receptor sharing within the membrane. Functional mutagenesis data indicate the requirement of the heterotypic interactions of TMDs in signaling, which could explain disease mutations within the receptor TMDs. One-Sentence Summary The transmembrane anchors of interleukin receptors of the gamma-chain family are critical for receptor sharing and activation.
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Zhang Y, Lu H, Yu Y. ZAP70 interaction with 13 mRNAs as a potential immunotherapeutic target for endometrial cancer. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:213. [PMID: 37123018 PMCID: PMC10131270 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
For advanced, refractory endometrial cancer (EC), it is advisable to find effective immunotherapeutic targets. In the present study, genes affecting the immune status of uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) samples within The Cancer Genome Atlas were explored by weighted correlation network analysis and differential gene expression analysis. The protein function and immune correlation of 14 key genes, including ζ-chain-associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP70), were analyzed. Based on the expression levels of key genes, the patients with UCEC were divided into two groups using consensus clustering, low expression (group 1) and high expression (group 2). Next, the functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups were identified using Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. The immune status of the patients in the two groups was evaluated using immune infiltration score and the expression levels of targets of immune checkpoint inhibitors. The role of ZAP70 in the prognosis of patients with UCEC and the differences in ZAP70 expression between EC tissues and healthy intimal tissues were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. The present study found strong correlations between key genes, including ZAP70, LCK, FOXP3, TIGIT, CTLA4, ICOS, CD5, IL2RG, PDCD1, TNFRSF4, CD27, CCR7, GZMB, CXCL9. From the enrichment analyses, it was found that the functions of these DEGs were related to T cells. Patients in group 2 had stronger immune infiltration and higher immune checkpoints expression compared with those in group 1. ZAP70 was expressed at higher levels in EC tissues compared with in normal tissues, and may act as a protective factor in EC. In conclusion, ZAP70 interaction with 13 mRNAs may affect the immune status of patients with EC and may be a potential target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Hai'ou Lu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
| | - Yuexin Yu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Yuexin Yu, Department of Reproductive Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Gokhale S, Victor E, Tsai J, Spirollari E, Matracz B, Takatsuka S, Jung J, Kitamura D, Xie P. Upregulated Expression of the IL-9 Receptor on TRAF3-Deficient B Lymphocytes Confers Ig Isotype Switching Responsiveness to IL-9 in the Presence of Antigen Receptor Engagement and IL-4. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1059-1073. [PMID: 36883978 PMCID: PMC10073299 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The pleiotropic cytokine IL-9 signals to target cells by binding to a heterodimeric receptor consisting of the unique subunit IL-9R and the common subunit γ-chain shared by multiple cytokines of the γ-chain family. In the current study, we found that the expression of IL-9R was strikingly upregulated in mouse naive follicular B cells genetically deficient in TNFR-associated factor 3 (TRAF3), a critical regulator of B cell survival and function. The highly upregulated IL-9R on Traf3-/- follicular B cells conferred responsiveness to IL-9, including IgM production and STAT3 phosphorylation. Interestingly, IL-9 significantly enhanced class switch recombination to IgG1 induced by BCR crosslinking plus IL-4 in Traf3-/- B cells, which was not observed in littermate control B cells. We further demonstrated that blocking the JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway abrogated the enhancing effect of IL-9 on class switch recombination to IgG1 induced by BCR crosslinking plus IL-4 in Traf3-/- B cells. Our study thus revealed, to our knowledge, a novel pathway that TRAF3 suppresses B cell activation and Ig isotype switching by inhibiting IL-9R-JAK-STAT3 signaling. Taken together, our findings provide (to our knowledge) new insights into the TRAF3-IL-9R axis in B cell function and have significant implications for the understanding and treatment of a variety of human diseases involving aberrant B cell activation such as autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Gokhale
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Eton Victor
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Jemmie Tsai
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Eris Spirollari
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Brygida Matracz
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Shogo Takatsuka
- Division of Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Jaeyong Jung
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - Daisuke Kitamura
- Division of Molecular Biology, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey
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Hewavisenti RV, Arena J, Ahlenstiel CL, Sasson SC. Human papillomavirus in the setting of immunodeficiency: Pathogenesis and the emergence of next-generation therapies to reduce the high associated cancer risk. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1112513. [PMID: 36960048 PMCID: PMC10027931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1112513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted virus infecting mucosal or cutaneous stratified epithelia, is implicated in the rising of associated cancers worldwide. While HPV infection can be cleared by an adequate immune response, immunocompromised individuals can develop persistent, treatment-refractory, and progressive disease. Primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs) associated with HPV-related disease include inborn errors of GATA, EVER1/2, and CXCR4 mutations, resulting in defective cellular function. People living with secondary immunodeficiency (e.g. solid-organ transplants recipients of immunosuppression) and acquired immunodeficiency (e.g. concurrent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection) are also at significant risk of HPV-related disease. Immunocompromised people are highly susceptible to the development of cutaneous and mucosal warts, and cervical, anogenital and oropharyngeal carcinomas. The specific mechanisms underlying high-risk HPV-driven cancer development in immunocompromised hosts are not well understood. Current treatments for HPV-related cancers include surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, with clinical trials underway to investigate the use of anti-PD-1 therapy. In the setting of HIV co-infection, persistent high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia can occur despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy, resulting in an ongoing risk for transformation to overt malignancy. Although therapeutic vaccines against HPV are under development, the efficacy of these in the setting of PID, secondary- or acquired- immunodeficiencies remains unclear. RNA-based therapeutic targeting of the HPV genome or mRNA transcript has become a promising next-generation therapeutic avenue. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of HPV pathogenesis, immune evasion, and malignant transformation, with a focus on key PIDs, secondary immunodeficiencies, and HIV infection. Current management and vaccine regimes are outlined in relation to HPV-driven cancer, and specifically, the need for more effective therapeutic strategies for immunocompromised hosts. The recent advances in RNA-based gene targeting including CRISPR and short interfering RNA (siRNA), and the potential application to HPV infection are of great interest. An increased understanding of both the dysregulated immune responses in immunocompromised hosts and of viral persistence is essential for the design of next-generation therapies to eliminate HPV persistence and cancer development in the most at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehana V. Hewavisenti
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua Arena
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW RNA Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chantelle L. Ahlenstiel
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW RNA Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah C. Sasson
- Immunovirology and Pathogenesis Program, The Kirby Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Anti-Claudin18.2-IL-21 fusion protein bifunctional molecule has more powerful anti-tumor effect and better safety. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109634. [PMID: 36584573 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Antibody or antibody-like protein drugs related to tumor immunotherapy are now widely used. Here, we describe an antibody-fusion protein drug IMAB362-mIL-21 with mouse IL-21 (mIL-21) fused into the C-terminal domain of IMAB362 (a clinical antibody drug against Claudin18.2), that we expect can achieve tumor targeting and activate local anti-tumor immune response more effectively, while reducing the systemic side effects of individual cytokines. In vitro assays comparing the fusion protein IMAB362-mIL-21 to IMAB362 and mIL-21, IMAB362-mIL-21 was able to recognize its cognate antigen Claudin18.2 and natural receptor mIL-21R with similar binding affinities, mediate equivalent ADCC activity and activate IL-21R-mediated downstream signal pathway. In in vivo assays, IMAB362-mIL-21 produced stronger anti-tumor effects compared with IMAB362 or mIL-21 or their combination at equimolar concentrations. Moreover, according to routine blood indicators, mIL-21-Fc and the combined treatment group had significant decreases (P < 0.01) in red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT), while the IMAB362-mIL-21 group did not. The above results have shown that IMAB362-mIL-21 can produce better anti-tumor effects without obvious hematological toxicity, which is sufficient to show that this kind of antibody-cytokine protein has better application value than IMAB362 or IL-21 as single drugs or in combination. Therefore, this bifunctional molecule combined tumor-targeting and immune activation effectively and has good application prospects.
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Gan T, Hu J, Aledan AKO, Liu W, Li C, Lu S, Wang Y, Xu Q, Wang Y, Wang Z. Exploring the pathogenesis and immune infiltration in dilated cardiomyopathy complicated with atrial fibrillation by bioinformatics analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1049351. [PMID: 36733486 PMCID: PMC9888493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1049351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a serious complication of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), which increases the risk of thromboembolic events and sudden death in DCM patients. However, the common mechanism of DCM combined with AF remains unclear. This study aims to explore the molecular mechanism and analyze immune infiltration in DCM complicated with AF through comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Methods The gene expression datasets of DCM (GSE141910) and AF (GSE41177 and GSE79768) were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Gene enrichment analyses were performed after screening the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of DCM and AF. Protein-protein interaction network was constructed in the STRING database and visualized in Cytoscape software, which helped to further screen the central functional modules of DEGs and hub genes. In addition, ImmuCellAI algorithm was performed to estimate immune infiltration patterns, and Spearman correlation was conducted to investigate the correlation between the abundance of multiple immune cells and the expression levels of hub immune-related genes after obtaining hub immune-related genes from the ImmPort database. The hub immune-related genes expression and immune infiltration patterns were additionally verified in the validation datasets (GSE57338, GSE115574, and GSE31821). The diagnostic effectiveness of hub immune-related genes was evaluated through Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve analysis. Results A total of 184 common DEGs in DCM and AF were identified for subsequent analyses. The functions of hub genes were significantly associated with immune responses. We identified 7 hub immune-related genes (HLA-DRA, LCK, ITK, CD48, CD247, CD3D, and IL2RG) and a spectrum of immune cell subsets including Monocyte, Neutrophil, and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells were found to be concurrently dysregulated in both DCM and AF. 7 hub immune-related genes were predominantly favorably correlated with Tfh cells and were primarily negatively correlated with Neutrophil infiltrations in DCM and AF. CD48+CD3D were verified to diagnose DCM and AF with excellent sensitivity and specificity, showing favorable diagnostic value. Conclusions Our study reveals that immune cells (Tfh cells) disorders caused by hub immune-related genes (CD48 and CD3D) may be the common pathogenesis of DCM combined with AF, which lays a foundation for further immune mechanism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anwer Khalid Okab Aledan
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenhu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Zhaohui Wang, ; Yan Wang,
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Immunological Diagnosis and Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Zhaohui Wang, ; Yan Wang,
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Lu M, Lee Y, Lillehoj HS. Evolution of developmental and comparative immunology in poultry: The regulators and the regulated. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 138:104525. [PMID: 36058383 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Avian has a unique immune system that evolved in response to environmental pressures in all aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses, including localized and circulating lymphocytes, diversity of immunoglobulin repertoire, and various cytokines and chemokines. All of these attributes make birds an indispensable vertebrate model for studying the fundamental immunological concepts and comparative immunology. However, research on the immune system in birds lags far behind that of humans, mice, and other agricultural animal species, and limited immune tools have hindered the adequate application of birds as disease models for mammalian systems. An in-depth understanding of the avian immune system relies on the detailed studies of various regulated and regulatory mediators, such as cell surface antigens, cytokines, and chemokines. Here, we review current knowledge centered on the roles of avian cell surface antigens, cytokines, chemokines, and beyond. Moreover, we provide an update on recent progress in this rapidly developing field of study with respect to the availability of immune reagents that will facilitate the study of regulatory and regulated components of poultry immunity. The new information on avian immunity and available immune tools will benefit avian researchers and evolutionary biologists in conducting fundamental and applied research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingmin Lu
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Youngsub Lee
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Hyun S Lillehoj
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
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Zhou Y, Quan G, Liu Y, Shi N, Wu Y, Zhang R, Gao X, Luo L. The application of Interleukin-2 family cytokines in tumor immunotherapy research. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1090311. [PMID: 36936961 PMCID: PMC10018032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1090311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Interleukin-2 Family contains six kinds of cytokines, namely IL-2, IL-15, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-21, all of which share a common γ chain. Many cytokines of the IL-2 family have been reported to be a driving force in immune cells activation. Therefore, researchers have tried various methods to study the anti-tumor effect of cytokines for a long time. However, due to the short half-life, poor stability, easy to lead to inflammatory storms and narrow safety treatment window of cytokines, this field has been tepid. In recent years, with the rapid development of protein engineering technology, some engineered cytokines have a significant effect in tumor immunotherapy, showing an irresistible trend of development. In this review, we will discuss the current researches of the IL-2 family and mainly focus on the application and achievements of engineered cytokines in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyihua Zhou
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqi Quan
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yahui Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Zhang, ; Xiang Gao, ; Longlong Luo,
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Zhang, ; Xiang Gao, ; Longlong Luo,
| | - Longlong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Zhang, ; Xiang Gao, ; Longlong Luo,
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Trametinib improves Treg selectivity of anti-CCR4 antibody by regulating CCR4 expression in CTLs in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21678. [PMID: 36522365 PMCID: PMC9755268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T-cells (Tregs) play a major role in suppressing anti-tumor immune responses. Mogamulizumab, an anti-CC chemokine receptor type 4 (CCR4) monoclonal antibody, depletes effector Tregs (eTregs). However, the clinical efficacy of mogamulizumab was limited in phase Ia/Ib studies for solid tumors (NCT01929486); the finding suggests that mogamulizumab may also deplete beneficial CCR4+CD8+ T-cells in patients. Therefore, we focused on CTLs and aimed to identify a way to protect CCR4+ CTLs. Here, we evaluated the association of CCR4 expression in cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) with antigen and cytokine stimulations and kinase inhibition using cytomegalovirus antigen instead of tumor antigen. CCR4 expression in CTLs was induced by antigen stimulation (mean 3.14-29.0%), enhanced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) (mean 29.0-51.2%), and downregulated by trametinib with (mean 51.2-11.4%) or without TGF-β1 treatment (mean 29.0-6.98%). Phosphorylation of ERK in CD8+ T-cells was suppressed by trametinib. Regarding the effect on immunological function of CTL, trametinib reduced cytokine production but not affected cytotoxicity. Importantly, trametinib alleviated CTL reduction by anti-CCR4 antibody without affecting eTreg depletion because CCR4 expression in eTregs was not downregulated. In conclusion, combination therapy with trametinib may improve the clinical efficacy of mogamulizumab.
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Massey OW, Suphioglu C. Taking a Breather: Advances in Interleukin 5 Inhibition for Asthma Relief. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911166. [PMID: 36232470 PMCID: PMC9569507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 5 (IL-5) is a major cytokine responsible for eosinophil proliferation, migration and degranulation. Eosinophils play a considerable role in the manifestation of type 2 asthma, and therefore this makes IL-5 a unique and clinically important target for therapeutic intervention. Due to the critical role that IL-5 plays in all areas of eosinophil activity, it has been identified and targeted by three therapeutics, Mepolizumab, Benralizumab and Reslizumab. This review describes the IL-5 pathway and presents the clinical trial history of the three IL-5 inhibitors, to provide insight into the role of IL-5 in clinical asthma presentation. Additionally, this review aims to foster further investigation into the IL-5 pathway by describing current novel therapeutic discovery strategies with monoclonal antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver William Massey
- NeuroAllergy Research Laboratory (NARL), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Cenk Suphioglu
- NeuroAllergy Research Laboratory (NARL), School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Suarez-Ramirez JE, Cauley LS, Chandiran K. CTLs Get SMAD When Pathogens Tell Them Where to Go. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:1025-1032. [PMID: 36130123 PMCID: PMC9512391 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines protect against infections by eliciting both Ab and T cell responses. Because the immunity wanes as protective epitopes get modified by accruing mutations, developing strategies for immunization against new variants is a major priority for vaccine development. CTLs eliminate cells that support viral replication and provide protection against new variants by targeting epitopes from internal viral proteins. This form of protection has received limited attention during vaccine development, partly because reliable methods for directing pathogen-specific memory CD8 T cells to vulnerable tissues are currently unavailable. In this review we examine how recent studies expand our knowledge of mechanisms that contribute to the functional diversity of CTLs as they respond to infection. We discuss the role of TGF-β and the SMAD signaling cascade during genetic programming of pathogen-specific CTLs and the pathways that promote formation of a newly identified subset of terminally differentiated memory CD8 T cells that localize in the vasculature.
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Role of Innate and Adaptive Cytokines in the Survival of COVID-19 Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810344. [PMID: 36142255 PMCID: PMC9499609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a new coronavirus characterized by a high infection and transmission capacity. A significant number of patients develop inadequate immune responses that produce massive releases of cytokines that compromise their survival. Soluble factors are clinically and pathologically relevant in COVID-19 survival but remain only partially characterized. The objective of this work was to simultaneously study 62 circulating soluble factors, including innate and adaptive cytokines and their soluble receptors, chemokines and growth and wound-healing/repair factors, in severe COVID-19 patients who survived compared to those with fatal outcomes. Serum samples were obtained from 286 COVID-19 patients and 40 healthy controls. The 62 circulating soluble factors were quantified using a Luminex Milliplex assay. Results. The patients who survived had decreased levels of the following 30 soluble factors of the 62 studied compared to those with fatal outcomes, therefore, these decreases were observed for cytokines and receptors predominantly produced by the innate immune system—IL-1α, IL-1α, IL-18, IL-15, IL-12p40, IL-6, IL-27, IL-1Ra, IL-1RI, IL-1RII, TNFα, TGFα, IL-10, sRAGE, sTNF-RI and sTNF-RII—for the chemokines IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1, MCP-3, MIG and fractalkine; for the growth factors M-CSF and the soluble receptor sIL2Ra; for the cytokines involved in the adaptive immune system IFNγ, IL-17 and sIL-4R; and for the wound-repair factor FGF2. On the other hand, the patients who survived had elevated levels of the soluble factors TNFβ, sCD40L, MDC, RANTES, G-CSF, GM-CSF, EGF, PDGFAA and PDGFABBB compared to those who died. Conclusions. Increases in the circulating levels of the sCD40L cytokine; MDC and RANTES chemokines; the G-CSF and GM-CSF growth factors, EGF, PDGFAA and PDGFABBB; and tissue-repair factors are strongly associated with survival. By contrast, large increases in IL-15, IL-6, IL-18, IL-27 and IL-10; the sIL-1RI, sIL1RII and sTNF-RII receptors; the MCP3, IL-8, MIG and IP-10 chemokines; the M-CSF and sIL-2Ra growth factors; and the wound-healing factor FGF2 favor fatal outcomes of the disease.
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