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Cui Y, Ma X, Wei J, Chen C, Shakir N, Guirram H, Dai Z, Anderson T, Ferguson D, Qiu S. MET receptor tyrosine kinase promotes the generation of functional synapses in adult cortical circuits. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1431-1444. [PMID: 39075910 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202505000-00026/figure1/v/2024-07-28T173839Z/r/image-tiff Loss of synapse and functional connectivity in brain circuits is associated with aging and neurodegeneration, however, few molecular mechanisms are known to intrinsically promote synaptogenesis or enhance synapse function. We have previously shown that MET receptor tyrosine kinase in the developing cortical circuits promotes dendritic growth and dendritic spine morphogenesis. To investigate whether enhancing MET in adult cortex has synapse regenerating potential, we created a knockin mouse line, in which the human MET gene expression and signaling can be turned on in adult (10-12 months) cortical neurons through doxycycline-containing chow. We found that similar to the developing brain, turning on MET signaling in the adult cortex activates small GTPases and increases spine density in prefrontal projection neurons. These findings are further corroborated by increased synaptic activity and transient generation of immature silent synapses. Prolonged MET signaling resulted in an increased α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid/N-methyl-D-aspartate (AMPA/NMDA) receptor current ratio, indicative of enhanced synaptic function and connectivity. Our data reveal that enhancing MET signaling could be an interventional approach to promote synaptogenesis and preserve functional connectivity in the adult brain. These findings may have implications for regenerative therapy in aging and neurodegeneration conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Cui
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Xiaokuang Ma
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jing Wei
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Chang Chen
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Neha Shakir
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Hitesch Guirram
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Zhiyu Dai
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Trent Anderson
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Deveroux Ferguson
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Shenfeng Qiu
- Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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2
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Kim J, Bustamante E, Sotonyi P, Maxwell N, Parameswaran P, Kent JK, Wetsel WC, Soderblom EJ, Rácz B, Soderling SH. Presynaptic Rac1 in the hippocampus selectively regulates working memory. eLife 2024; 13:RP97289. [PMID: 39046788 PMCID: PMC11268886 DOI: 10.7554/elife.97289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most extensively studied members of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases, Rac1 is an intracellular signal transducer that remodels actin and phosphorylation signaling networks. Previous studies have shown that Rac1-mediated signaling is associated with hippocampal-dependent working memory and longer-term forms of learning and memory and that Rac1 can modulate forms of both pre- and postsynaptic plasticity. How these different cognitive functions and forms of plasticity mediated by Rac1 are linked, however, is unclear. Here, we show that spatial working memory in mice is selectively impaired following the expression of a genetically encoded Rac1 inhibitor at presynaptic terminals, while longer-term cognitive processes are affected by Rac1 inhibition at postsynaptic sites. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of this presynaptic process, we leveraged new advances in mass spectrometry to identify the proteomic and post-translational landscape of presynaptic Rac1 signaling. We identified serine/threonine kinases and phosphorylated cytoskeletal signaling and synaptic vesicle proteins enriched with active Rac1. The phosphorylated sites in these proteins are at positions likely to have regulatory effects on synaptic vesicles. Consistent with this, we also report changes in the distribution and morphology of synaptic vesicles and in postsynaptic ultrastructure following presynaptic Rac1 inhibition. Overall, this study reveals a previously unrecognized presynaptic role of Rac1 signaling in cognitive processes and provides insights into its potential regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaebin Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Edwin Bustamante
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Peter Sotonyi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary MedicineBudapestHungary
| | - Nicholas Maxwell
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Pooja Parameswaran
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Julie K Kent
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - William C Wetsel
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
- Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Erik J Soderblom
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
| | - Bence Rácz
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary MedicineBudapestHungary
| | - Scott H Soderling
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of MedicineDurhamUnited States
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Taira R, Akamine S, Okuzono S, Fujii F, Hatai E, Yonemoto K, Takemoto R, Kato H, Masuda K, Kato TA, Kira R, Tsujimura K, Yamamura K, Ozaki N, Ohga S, Sakai Y. Gnao1 is a molecular switch that regulates the Rho signaling pathway in differentiating neurons. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17097. [PMID: 39048611 PMCID: PMC11269603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
GNAO1 encodes G protein subunit alpha O1 (Gαo). Pathogenic variations in GNAO1 cause developmental delay, intractable seizures, and progressive involuntary movements from early infancy. Because the functional role of GNAO1 in the developing brain remains unclear, therapeutic strategies are still unestablished for patients presenting with GNAO1-associated encephalopathy. We herein report that siRNA-mediated depletion of Gnao1 perturbs the expression of transcripts associated with Rho GTPase signaling in Neuro2a cells. Consistently, siRNA treatment hampered neurite outgrowth and extension. Growth cone formation was markedly disrupted in monolayer neurons differentiated from iPSCs from a patient with a pathogenic variant of Gαo (p.G203R). This variant disabled neuro-spherical assembly, acquisition of the organized structure, and polarized signals of phospho-MLC2 in cortical organoids from the patient's iPSCs. We confirmed that the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 restored these morphological phenotypes. Thus, Gαo determines the self-organizing process of the developing brain by regulating the Rho-associated pathway. These data suggest that Rho GTPase pathway might be an alternative target of therapy for patients with GNAO1-associated encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Taira
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Akamine
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sayaka Okuzono
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Fujii
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eriko Hatai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kousuke Yonemoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Takemoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Oral Anatomy, Graduate School of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiji Masuda
- Section of Oral Medicine for Children, Division of Oral Health, Growth and Development, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kira
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Fukuoka Children's Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keita Tsujimura
- Group of Brain Function and Development, Neuroscience Institute of the Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan
- Research Unit for Developmental Disorders, Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Shionogi Pharma Co., Ltd., Settsu, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Yamamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Pathophysiology of Mental Disorders, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yasunari Sakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Highashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Mistry H, Richardson CD, Higginbottom A, Ashford B, Ahamed SU, Moore Z, Matthews FE, Brayne C, Simpson JE, Wharton SB. Relationships of brain cholesterol and cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes to Alzheimer's pathology and dementia in the CFAS population-derived neuropathology cohort. Neurosci Res 2024; 204:22-33. [PMID: 38278219 PMCID: PMC11192635 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Altered cholesterol metabolism is implicated in brain ageing and Alzheimer's disease. We examined whether key genes regulating cholesterol metabolism and levels of brain cholesterol are altered in dementia and Alzheimer's disease neuropathological change (ADNC). Temporal cortex (n = 99) was obtained from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study. Expression of the cholesterol biosynthesis rate-limiting enzyme HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) and its regulator, SREBP2, were detected using immunohistochemistry. Expression of HMGCR, SREBP2, CYP46A1 and ABCA1 were quantified by qPCR in samples enriched for astrocyte and neuronal RNA following laser-capture microdissection. Total cortical cholesterol was measured using the Amplex Red assay. HMGCR and SREBP2 proteins were predominantly expressed in pyramidal neurones, and in glia. Neuronal HMGCR did not vary with ADNC, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation or dementia status. Expression of HMGCR neuronal mRNA decreased with ADNC (p = 0.022) and increased with neuronal DNA damage (p = 0.049), whilst SREBP2 increased with ADNC (p = 0.005). High or moderate tertiles for cholesterol levels were associated with increased dementia risk (OR 1.44, 1.58). APOE ε4 allele was not associated with cortical cholesterol levels. ADNC is associated with gene expression changes that may impair cholesterol biosynthesis in neurones but not astrocytes, whilst levels of cortical cholesterol show a weak relationship to dementia status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Mistry
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, and the Neuroscience Institute, the University of Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Adrian Higginbottom
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, and the Neuroscience Institute, the University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Bridget Ashford
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, and the Neuroscience Institute, the University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Saif U Ahamed
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, and the Neuroscience Institute, the University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Zoe Moore
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, and the Neuroscience Institute, the University of Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Carol Brayne
- Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Julie E Simpson
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, and the Neuroscience Institute, the University of Sheffield, UK
| | - Stephen B Wharton
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, and the Neuroscience Institute, the University of Sheffield, UK.
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5
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Sands I, Demarco R, Thurber L, Esteban-Linares A, Song D, Meng E, Chen Y. Interface-Mediated Neurogenic Signaling: The Impact of Surface Geometry and Chemistry on Neural Cell Behavior for Regenerative and Brain-Machine Interfacing Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2401750. [PMID: 38961531 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Nanomaterial advancements have driven progress in central and peripheral nervous system applications such as tissue regeneration and brain-machine interfacing. Ideally, neural interfaces with native tissue shall seamlessly integrate, a process that is often mediated by the interfacial material properties. Surface topography and material chemistry are significant extracellular stimuli that can influence neural cell behavior to facilitate tissue integration and augment therapeutic outcomes. This review characterizes topographical modifications, including micropillars, microchannels, surface roughness, and porosity, implemented on regenerative scaffolding and brain-machine interfaces. Their impact on neural cell response is summarized through neurogenic outcome and mechanistic analysis. The effects of surface chemistry on neural cell signaling with common interfacing compounds like carbon-based nanomaterials, conductive polymers, and biologically inspired matrices are also reviewed. Finally, the impact of these extracellular mediated neural cues on intracellular signaling cascades is discussed to provide perspective on the manipulation of neuron and neuroglia cell microenvironments to drive therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Sands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Ryan Demarco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Laura Thurber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Alberto Esteban-Linares
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Dong Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ellis Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yupeng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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6
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Zhuravskaya A, Yap K, Hamid F, Makeyev EV. Alternative splicing coupled to nonsense-mediated decay coordinates downregulation of non-neuronal genes in developing mouse neurons. Genome Biol 2024; 25:162. [PMID: 38902825 PMCID: PMC11188260 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03305-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional coupling between alternative pre-mRNA splicing (AS) and the mRNA quality control mechanism called nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) can modulate transcript abundance. Previous studies have identified several examples of such a regulation in developing neurons. However, the systems-level effects of AS-NMD in this context are poorly understood. RESULTS We developed an R package, factR2, which offers a comprehensive suite of AS-NMD analysis functions. Using this tool, we conducted a longitudinal analysis of gene expression in pluripotent stem cells undergoing induced neuronal differentiation. Our analysis uncovers hundreds of AS-NMD events with significant potential to regulate gene expression. Notably, this regulation is significantly overrepresented in specific functional groups of developmentally downregulated genes. Particularly strong association with gene downregulation is detected for alternative cassette exons stimulating NMD upon their inclusion into mature mRNA. By combining bioinformatic analyses with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and other experimental approaches we show that NMD-stimulating cassette exons regulated by the RNA-binding protein PTBP1 dampen the expression of their genes in developing neurons. We also provided evidence that the inclusion of NMD-stimulating cassette exons into mature mRNAs is temporally coordinated with NMD-independent gene repression mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides an accessible workflow for the discovery and prioritization of AS-NMD targets. It further argues that the AS-NMD pathway plays a widespread role in developing neurons by facilitating the downregulation of functionally related non-neuronal genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zhuravskaya
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Karen Yap
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Fursham Hamid
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Eugene V Makeyev
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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Kim JY, Hwang HG, Jeon HJ, Kim SI, Kim MK, Kim JY. ARHGEF5 binds Drebrin and affects α-tubulin acetylation to direct neuronal morphogenesis and migration during mouse brain development. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1421932. [PMID: 38932934 PMCID: PMC11199874 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1421932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Rho GEFs) activate Rho GTPases, which act as molecular switches regulating various essential cellular functions. This study investigated the role of ARHGEF5, a Rho GEF known for its involvement in cell migration and invasion processes, in the context of brain development. We found that ARHGEF5 is essential for dendrite development during the early stages of neuronal growth. We also discovered that ARHGEF5 binds to Drebrin E, which is vital for coordinating actin and microtubule dynamics, and facilitates the interaction between Drebrin E and Cyclin-dependent kinase 5, which phosphorylates Drebrin E. Notably, ARHGEF5 deficiency resulted in a decrease in acetylated α-tubulin levels, and the expression of an α-tubulin acetylation mimetic mutant (K40Q) rescued the defects in dendrite development and neuronal migration, suggesting ARHGEF5's role in modulating microtubule stability. Additionally, ARHGEF5 was shown to influence Golgi positioning in the leading processes of migrating cortical neurons during brain development. Our study suggests that ARHGEF5 plays a crucial role in integrating cytoskeletal dynamics with neuronal morphogenesis and migration processes during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-ye Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Gon Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Digital Omics Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-kyu Kim
- Divison of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yoon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Wang S, Yu L, Guo H, Zuo W, Guo Y, Liu H, Wang J, Wang J, Li X, Hou W, Wang M. Gastrodin Ameliorates Post-Stroke Depressive-Like Behaviors Through Cannabinoid-1 Receptor-Dependent PKA/RhoA Signaling Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04267-5. [PMID: 38856794 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a significant complication in stroke patients, increases long-term mortality, and exaggerates ischemia-induced brain injury. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms and effective therapeutic targets related to PSD have remained elusive. Here, we employed an animal behavioral model of PSD by combining the use of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by spatial restraint stress to study the molecular underpinnings and potential therapies of PSD. Interestingly, we found that sub-chronic application of gastrodin (Gas), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb Gastrodia elata extraction, relieved depression-related behavioral deficits, increased the impaired expression of synaptic transmission-associated proteins, and restored the altered spine density in hippocampal CA1 of PSD animals. Furthermore, our results indicated that the anti-PSD effect of Gas was dependent on membrane cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) expression. The contents of phosphorated protein kinase A (p-PKA) and phosphorated Ras homolog gene family member A (p(ser188)-RhoA) were decreased in the hippocampus of PSD-mice, which was reversed by Gas treatment, and CB1R depletion caused a diminished efficacy of Gas on p-PKA and p-RhoA expression. In addition, the anti-PSD effect of Gas was partially blocked by PKA inhibition or RhoA activation, indicating that the anti-PSD effect of Gas is associated with the CB1R-mediated PKA/RhoA signaling pathway. Together, our findings revealed that Gas treatment possesses protective effects against the post-stroke depressive-like state; the CB1R-involved PKA/RhoA signaling pathway is critical in mediating Gas's anti-PSD potency, suggesting that Gas application may be beneficial in the prevention and adjunctive treatment of PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Information, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haiyun Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenqiang Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaru Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huiqing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wugang Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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Craig EM, Oprea F, Alam S, Grodsky A, Miller KE. A simple active fluid model unites cytokinesis, cell crawling, and axonal outgrowth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.22.595337. [PMID: 38826455 PMCID: PMC11142150 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.22.595337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Axonal outgrowth, cell crawling, and cytokinesis utilize actomyosin, microtubule-based motors, cytoskeletal dynamics, and substrate adhesions to produce traction forces and bulk cellular motion. While it has long been appreciated that growth cones resemble crawling cells and that the mechanisms that drive cytokinesis help power cell crawling, they are typically viewed as unique processes. To better understand the relationship between these modes of motility, here, we developed a unified active fluid model of cytokinesis, amoeboid migration, mesenchymal migration, neuronal migration, and axonal outgrowth in terms of cytoskeletal flow, adhesions, viscosity, and force generation. Using numerical modeling, we fit subcellular velocity profiles of the motions of cytoskeletal structures and docked organelles from previously published studies to infer underlying patterns of force generation and adhesion. Our results indicate that, during cytokinesis, there is a primary converge zone at the cleavage furrow that drives flow towards it; adhesions are symmetric across the cell, and as a result, cells are stationary. In mesenchymal, amoeboid, and neuronal migration, the site of the converge zone shifts, and differences in adhesion between the front and back of the cell drive crawling. During neuronal migration and axonal outgrowth, the primary convergence zone lies within the growth cone, which drives actin retrograde flow in the P-domain and bulk anterograde flow of the axonal shaft. They differ in that during neuronal migration, the cell body is weakly attached to the substrate and thus moves forward at the same velocity as the axon. In contrast, during axonal outgrowth, the cell body strongly adheres to the substrate and remains stationary, resulting in a decrease in flow velocity away from the growth cone. The simplicity with which cytokinesis, cell crawling, and axonal outgrowth can be modeled by varying coefficients in a simple model suggests a deep connection between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Craig
- Central Washington University, Department of Physics, 400 E. University Way, Ellensburg, WA 98926-7422, USA
| | - Francesca Oprea
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Sajid Alam
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ania Grodsky
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Kyle E Miller
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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10
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Udine E, DeJesus-Hernandez M, Tian S, das Neves SP, Crook R, Finch NA, Baker MC, Pottier C, Graff-Radford NR, Boeve BF, Petersen RC, Knopman DS, Josephs KA, Oskarsson B, Da Mesquita S, Petrucelli L, Gendron TF, Dickson DW, Rademakers R, van Blitterswijk M. Abundant transcriptomic alterations in the human cerebellum of patients with a C9orf72 repeat expansion. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:73. [PMID: 38641715 PMCID: PMC11031479 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The most prominent genetic cause of both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a repeat expansion in the gene C9orf72. Importantly, the transcriptomic consequences of the C9orf72 repeat expansion remain largely unclear. Here, we used short-read RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to profile the cerebellar transcriptome, detecting alterations in patients with a C9orf72 repeat expansion. We focused on the cerebellum, since key C9orf72-related pathologies are abundant in this neuroanatomical region, yet TDP-43 pathology and neuronal loss are minimal. Consistent with previous work, we showed a reduction in the expression of the C9orf72 gene and an elevation in homeobox genes, when comparing patients with the expansion to both patients without the C9orf72 repeat expansion and control subjects. Interestingly, we identified more than 1000 alternative splicing events, including 4 in genes previously associated with ALS and/or FTLD. We also found an increase of cryptic splicing in C9orf72 patients compared to patients without the expansion and controls. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the expression level of select RNA-binding proteins is associated with cryptic splice junction inclusion. Overall, this study explores the presence of widespread transcriptomic changes in the cerebellum, a region not confounded by severe neurodegeneration, in post-mortem tissue from C9orf72 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Udine
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | - Shulan Tian
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Richard Crook
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - NiCole A Finch
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Matthew C Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Cyril Pottier
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Björn Oskarsson
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Sandro Da Mesquita
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Leonard Petrucelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Tania F Gendron
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Dennis W Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marka van Blitterswijk
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Neuroscience Ph.D. Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
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11
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Hurtado Silva M, van Waardenberg AJ, Mostafa A, Schoch S, Dietrich D, Graham ME. Multiomics of early epileptogenesis in mice reveals phosphorylation and dephosphorylation-directed growth and synaptic weakening. iScience 2024; 27:109534. [PMID: 38600976 PMCID: PMC11005001 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the phosphorylation-based signaling and protein changes occurring early in epileptogenesis, the hippocampi of mice treated with pilocarpine were examined by quantitative mass spectrometry at 4 and 24 h post-status epilepticus at vast depth. Hundreds of posttranscriptional regulatory proteins were the major early targets of increased phosphorylation. At 24 h, many protein level changes were detected and the phosphoproteome continued to be perturbed. The major targets of decreased phosphorylation at 4 and 24 h were a subset of postsynaptic density scaffold proteins, ion channels, and neurotransmitter receptors. Many proteins targeted by dephosphorylation at 4 h also had decreased protein abundance at 24 h, indicating a phosphatase-mediated weakening of synapses. Increased translation was indicated by protein changes at 24 h. These observations, and many additional indicators within this multiomic resource, suggest that early epileptogenesis is characterized by signaling that stimulates both growth and a homeostatic response that weakens excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Hurtado Silva
- Synapse Proteomics, Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | | | - Aya Mostafa
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Synaptic Neuroscience Unit, 53127 Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Susanne Schoch
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Bonn, Synaptic Neuroscience Unit, 53127 Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Dirk Dietrich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Bonn, Synaptic Neuroscience Unit, 53127 Bonn, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Mark E. Graham
- Synapse Proteomics, Children’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
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12
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White-Gilbertson S, Lu P, Saatci O, Sahin O, Delaney JR, Ogretmen B, Voelkel-Johnson C. Transcriptome analysis of polyploid giant cancer cells and their progeny reveals a functional role for p21 in polyploidization and depolyploidization. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107136. [PMID: 38447798 PMCID: PMC10979113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCC) are frequently detected in tumors and are increasingly recognized for their roles in chromosomal instability and associated genome evolution that leads to cancer recurrence. We previously reported that therapy stress promotes polyploidy, and that acid ceramidase plays a role in depolyploidization. In this study, we used an RNA-seq approach to gain a better understanding of the underlying transcriptomic changes that occur as cancer cells progress through polyploidization and depolyploidization. Our results revealed gene signatures that are associated with disease-free and/or overall survival in several cancers and identified the cell cycle inhibitor CDKN1A/p21 as the major hub in PGCC and early progeny. Increased expression of p21 in PGCC was limited to the cytoplasm. We previously demonstrated that the sphingolipid enzyme acid ceramidase is dispensable for polyploidization upon therapy stress but plays a crucial role in depolyploidization. The current study demonstrates that treatment of cells with ceramide is not sufficient for p53-independent induction of p21 and that knockdown of acid ceramidase, which hydrolyzes ceramide, does not interfere with upregulation of p21. In contrast, blocking the expression of p21 with UC2288 prevented the induction of acid ceramidase and inhibited both the formation of PGCC from parental cells as well as the generation of progeny from PGCC. Taken together, our data suggest that p21 functions upstream of acid ceramidase and plays an important role in polyploidization and depolyploidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shai White-Gilbertson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ozge Saatci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Ozgur Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Joe R Delaney
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Christina Voelkel-Johnson
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
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13
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Kim J, Bustamante E, Sotonyi P, Maxwell ND, Parameswaran P, Kent JK, Wetsel WC, Soderblom EJ, Rácz B, Soderling SH. Presynaptic Rac1 in the hippocampus selectively regulates working memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.18.585488. [PMID: 38562715 PMCID: PMC10983896 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.18.585488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
One of the most extensively studied members of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases, Rac1 is an intracellular signal transducer that remodels actin and phosphorylation signaling networks. Previous studies have shown that Rac1-mediated signaling is associated with hippocampal-dependent working memory and longer-term forms of learning and memory and that Rac1 can modulate forms of both pre- and postsynaptic plasticity. How these different cognitive functions and forms of plasticity mediated by Rac1 are linked, however, is unclear. Here, we show that spatial working memory is selectively impaired following the expression of a genetically encoded Rac1-inhibitor at presynaptic terminals, while longer-term cognitive processes are affected by Rac1 inhibition at postsynaptic sites. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of this presynaptic process, we leveraged new advances in mass spectrometry to identify the proteomic and post-translational landscape of presynaptic Rac1 signaling. We identified serine/threonine kinases and phosphorylated cytoskeletal signaling and synaptic vesicle proteins enriched with active Rac1. The phosphorylated sites in these proteins are at positions likely to have regulatory effects on synaptic vesicles. Consistent with this, we also report changes in the distribution and morphology of synaptic vesicles and in postsynaptic ultrastructure following presynaptic Rac1 inhibition. Overall, this study reveals a previously unrecognized presynaptic role of Rac1 signaling in cognitive processes and provides insights into its potential regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaebin Kim
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edwin Bustamante
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter Sotonyi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nicholas D Maxwell
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pooja Parameswaran
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Julie K Kent
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William C Wetsel
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erik J Soderblom
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bence Rácz
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Scott H Soderling
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical School, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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14
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Korczeniewska OA, Husain S, Hoque M, Soteropoulos P, Khan J, Eliav E, Benoliel R. Time-Course Progression of Whole Transcriptome Expression Changes of Trigeminal Ganglia Compared to Dorsal Root Ganglia in Rats Exposed to Nerve Injury. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2024; 25:101-117. [PMID: 37524222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain (NP) are complex with multiple genes, their interactions, environmental and epigenetic factors being implicated. Transcriptional changes in the trigeminal (TG) and dorsal root (DRG) ganglia have been implicated in the development and maintenance of NP. Despite efforts to unravel molecular mechanisms of NP, many remain unknown. Also, most of the studies focused on the spinal system. Although the spinal and trigeminal systems share some of the molecular mechanisms, differences exist. We used RNA-sequencing technology to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the TG and DRG at baseline and 3 time points following the infraorbital or sciatic nerve injuries, respectively. Pathway analysis and comparison analysis were performed to identify differentially expressed pathways. Additionally, upstream regulator effects were investigated in the two systems. DEG (differentially expressed genes) analyses identified 3,225 genes to be differentially expressed between TG and DRG in naïve animals, 1,828 genes 4 days post injury, 5,644 at day 8 and 9,777 DEGs at 21 days postinjury. A comparison of top enriched canonical pathways revealed that a number of signaling pathway was significantly inhibited in the TG and activated in the DRG at 21 days postinjury. Finally, CORT upstream regulator was predicted to be inhibited in the TG while expression levels of the CSF1 upstream regulator were significantly elevated in the DRG at 21 days postinjury. This study provides a basis for further in-depth studies investigating transcriptional changes, pathways, and upstream regulation in TG and DRG in rats exposed to peripheral nerve injuries. PERSPECTIVE: Although trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia are homologs of each other, they respond differently to nerve injury and therefore treatment. Activation/inhibition of number of biological pathways appear to be ganglion/system specific suggesting that different approaches might be required to successfully treat neuropathies induced by injuries in spinal and trigeminal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Korczeniewska
- Center for Orofacial Pain and Temporomandibular Disorders, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Seema Husain
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The Genomics Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Mainul Hoque
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The Genomics Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Patricia Soteropoulos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The Genomics Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Junad Khan
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Eli Eliav
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Rafael Benoliel
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sourasky Medical Center, Ichilov, Tel Aviv, Israel
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15
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Wang L, Zhao W, Xia C, Ma S, Li Z, Wang N, Ding L, Wang Y, Cheng L, Liu H, Yang J, Li Y, Rosas I, Yu G. TRIOBP modulates β-catenin signaling by regulation of miR-29b in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 81:13. [PMID: 38157020 PMCID: PMC10756874 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05080-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal and devastating lung disease of unknown etiology, described as the result of multiple cycles of epithelial cell injury and fibroblast activation. Despite this impressive increase in understanding, a therapy that reverses this form of fibrosis remains elusive. In our previous study, we found that miR-29b has a therapeutic effect on pulmonary fibrosis. However, its anti-fibrotic mechanism is not yet clear. Recently, our study identified that F-Actin Binding Protein (TRIOBP) is one of the target genes of miR-29b and found that deficiency of TRIOBP increases resistance to lung fibrosis in vivo. TRIOBP knockdown inhibited the proliferation of epithelial cells and attenuated the activation of fibroblasts. In addition, deficiency of Trio Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor (TRIO) in epithelial cells and fibroblasts decreases susceptibility to lung fibrosis. TRIOBP interacting with TRIO promoted abnormal epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk and modulated the nucleocytoplasmic translocation of β-catenin. We concluded that the miR-29b‒TRIOBP-TRIO-β-catenin axis might be a key anti-fibrotic axis in IPF to regulate lung regeneration and fibrosis, which may provide a promising treatment strategy for lung fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis; Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Wenyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis; Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Cong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis; Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Shuaichen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis; Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Zhongzheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis; Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Ningdan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis; Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Linke Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis; Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis; Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Lianhui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis; Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Huibing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis; Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Juntang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis; Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yajun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis; Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Ivan Rosas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guoying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Regulation; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Pulmonary Fibrosis; Henan Center for Outstanding Overseas Scientists of Organ Fibrosis; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, 46 Jianshe Road, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China.
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16
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Cherief M, Xu J, Li Z, Tower RJ, Ramesh S, Qin Q, Gomez-Salazar M, Yea JH, Lee S, Negri S, Xu M, Price T, Kendal AR, Fan CM, Clemens TL, Levi B, James AW. TrkA-mediated sensory innervation of injured mouse tendon supports tendon sheath progenitor cell expansion and tendon repair. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eade4619. [PMID: 38117901 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade4619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neurons terminate at the surface of tendons partly to relay nociceptive pain signals; however, the role of peripheral nerves in tendon injury and repair remains unclear. Here, we show that after Achilles tendon injury in mice, there is new nerve growth near tendon cells that express nerve growth factor (NGF). Conditional deletion of the Ngf gene in either myeloid or mesenchymal mouse cells limited both innervation and tendon repair. Similarly, inhibition of the NGF receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) abrogated tendon healing in mouse tendon injury. Sural nerve transection blocked the postinjury increase in tendon sensory innervation and the expansion of tendon sheath progenitor cells (TSPCs) expressing tubulin polymerization promoting protein family member 3. Single cell and spatial transcriptomics revealed that disruption of sensory innervation resulted in dysregulated inflammatory signaling and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling in injured mouse tendon. Culture of mouse TSPCs with conditioned medium from dorsal root ganglia neuron further supported a role for neuronal mediators and TGFβ signaling in TSPC proliferation. Transcriptomic and histologic analyses of injured human tendon biopsy samples supported a role for innervation and TGFβ signaling in human tendon regeneration. Last, treating mice after tendon injury systemically with a small-molecule partial agonist of TrkA increased neurovascular response, TGFβ signaling, TSPC expansion, and tendon tissue repair. Although further studies should investigate the potential effects of denervation on mechanical loading of tendon, our results suggest that peripheral innervation is critical for the regenerative response after acute tendon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masnsen Cherief
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Robert J Tower
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sowmya Ramesh
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Qizhi Qin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Ji-Hye Yea
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Seungyong Lee
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stefano Negri
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University of Verona, Verona 37129, Italy
| | - Mingxin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Theodore Price
- Department of Neuroscience, Center for Advanced Pain Studies, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75080, USA
| | - Adrian R Kendal
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Chen-Ming Fan
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21208, USA
| | - Thomas L Clemens
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Benjamin Levi
- Center for Organogenesis and Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Aaron W James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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17
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Inamoto T, Furuta K, Han C, Uneme M, Kano T, Ishikawa K, Kaito C. Short-chain fatty acids stimulate dendrite elongation in dendritic cells by inhibiting histone deacetylase. FEBS J 2023; 290:5794-5810. [PMID: 37646105 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells activate immune responses by presenting pathogen-derived molecules. The dendrites of dendritic cells contribute to the incorporation of foreign antigens or presenting antigens to T cells. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as acetic, propionic, butyric and valeric acids, have many effects on immune responses by activating specific receptors or inhibiting a histone deacetylase (HDAC), although their effect on dendrite formation in dendritic cells is unknown. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of SCFAs on dendrite elongation using a dendritic cell line (DC2.4 cells) and mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. We found that SCFAs induced dendrite elongation. The elongation was reduced by inhibitors of Src family kinase (SFK), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), Rho family GTPases (Cdc42, Rac1) or actin polymerization, indicating that SCFAs promote dendrite elongation by activating actin polymerization via the SFK/PI3K/Rho family GTPase signaling pathway. We showed that agonists for SCFA receptors GPR43 and GPR109a did not promote dendrite elongation. By contrast, HDAC inhibitors, including trichostatin A, promoted dendrite elongation in DC2.4 cells, and the promoting activity of trichostatin A was decreased by inhibiting the SFK/PI3K/Rho family GTPase signaling pathway or actin polymerization. Furthermore, DC2.4 cells treated with valeric acid showed enhanced uptake of soluble proteins, insoluble beads and Staphylococcus aureus. We also found that treatment with valeric acid enhanced major histocompatibility complex class II-mediated antigen presentation in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells. These results suggest that SCFAs promote dendrite elongation by inhibiting HDAC, stimulating the SFK/PI3K/Rho family pathway and activating actin polymerization, resulting in increased antigen uptake and presentation in dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuho Inamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Furuta
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Cheng Han
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Mio Uneme
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kano
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
| | - Chikara Kaito
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan
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18
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Wales-McGrath B, Mercer H, Piontkivska H. Changes in ADAR RNA editing patterns in CMV and ZIKV congenital infections. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:685. [PMID: 37968596 PMCID: PMC10652522 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RNA editing is a process that increases transcriptome diversity, often through Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs) that catalyze the deamination of adenosine to inosine. ADAR editing plays an important role in regulating brain function and immune activation, and is dynamically regulated during brain development. Additionally, the ADAR1 p150 isoform is induced by interferons in viral infection and plays a role in antiviral immune response. However, the question of how virus-induced ADAR expression affects host transcriptome editing remains largely unanswered. This question is particularly relevant in the context of congenital infections, given the dynamic regulation of ADAR editing during brain development, the importance of this editing for brain function, and subsequent neurological symptoms of such infections, including microcephaly, sensory issues, and other neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Here, we begin to address this question, examining ADAR expression in publicly available datasets of congenital infections of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) microarray expression data, as well as mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) and mouse/ human induced pluripotent neuroprogenitor stem cell (hiNPC) Zika virus (ZIKV) RNA-seq data. RESULTS We found that in all three datasets, ADAR1 was overexpressed in infected samples compared to uninfected samples. In the RNA-seq datasets, editing rates were also analyzed. In all mouse infections cases, the number of editing sites was significantly increased in infected samples, albeit this was not the case for hiNPC ZIKV samples. Mouse ZIKV samples showed altered editing of well-established protein-recoding sites such as Gria3, Grik5, and Nova1, as well as editing sites that may impact miRNA binding. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence for changes in ADAR expression and subsequent dysregulation of ADAR editing of host transcriptomes in congenital infections. These changes in editing patterns of key neural genes have potential significance in the development of neurological symptoms, thus contributing to neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Further experiments should be performed to explore the full range of editing changes that occur in different congenital infections, and to confirm the specific functional consequences of these editing changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wales-McGrath
- University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Cancer Pathobiology, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Heather Mercer
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Mount Union, Alliance, OH, USA
| | - Helen Piontkivska
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
- Healthy Communities Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA.
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19
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Ouzounidis VR, Prevo B, Cheerambathur DK. Sculpting the dendritic landscape: Actin, microtubules, and the art of arborization. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 84:102214. [PMID: 37544207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Dendrites are intricately designed neuronal compartments that play a vital role in the gathering and processing of sensory or synaptic inputs. Their diverse and elaborate structures are distinct features of neuronal organization and function. Central to the generation of these dendritic arbors is the neuronal cytoskeleton. In this review, we delve into the current progress toward our understanding of how dendrite arbors are generated and maintained, focusing on the role of the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios R Ouzounidis
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology & Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Bram Prevo
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology & Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Dhanya K Cheerambathur
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology & Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK.
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20
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Zhang S, Shi K, Lyu N, Zhang Y, Liang G, Zhang W, Wang X, Wen H, Wen L, Ma H, Wang J, Yu X, Guan L. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in families with multiple individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and intellectual disability. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:741-753. [PMID: 37017099 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2023.2198595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Schizophrenia (SZ) and intellectual disability (ID) are both included in the continuum of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). DNA methylation is known to be important in the occurrence of NDDs. The family study is conducive to eliminate the effects of relative epigenetic backgrounds, and to screen for differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and regions (DMRs) that are truly associated with NDDs. METHODS Four monozygotic twin families were recruited, and both twin individuals suffered from NDDs (either SZ, ID, or SZ plus ID). Genome-wide methylation analysis was performed in all samples and each family. DMPs and DMRs between NDD patients and unaffected individuals were identified. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed on the annotated genes. RESULTS Two significant DMPs annotated to CYP2E1 were found in all samples. In Family One, 1476 DMPs mapped to 880 genes, and 162 DMRs overlapping with 153 unique genes were recognised. Our results suggested that the altered methylation levels of FYN, STAT3, RAC1, and NR4A2 were associated with the development of SZ and ID. Neurodevelopment and the immune system may participate in the occurrence of SZ and ID. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that DNA methylation participated in the development of NDDs by affecting neurodevelopment and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengmin Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyu Shi
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan Lyu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, The National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders, The Advanced Innovation Centre for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunshu Zhang
- The Sixth People's Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei Mental Health Centre, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | | | - Wufang Zhang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Xijin Wang
- The First Psychiatric Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hong Wen
- The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Liping Wen
- Zigong Mental Health Centre, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Lili Guan
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
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21
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Toudji I, Toumi A, Chamberland É, Rossignol E. Interneuron odyssey: molecular mechanisms of tangential migration. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1256455. [PMID: 37779671 PMCID: PMC10538647 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1256455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical GABAergic interneurons are critical components of neural networks. They provide local and long-range inhibition and help coordinate network activities involved in various brain functions, including signal processing, learning, memory and adaptative responses. Disruption of cortical GABAergic interneuron migration thus induces profound deficits in neural network organization and function, and results in a variety of neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders including epilepsy, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. It is thus of paramount importance to elucidate the specific mechanisms that govern the migration of interneurons to clarify some of the underlying disease mechanisms. GABAergic interneurons destined to populate the cortex arise from multipotent ventral progenitor cells located in the ganglionic eminences and pre-optic area. Post-mitotic interneurons exit their place of origin in the ventral forebrain and migrate dorsally using defined migratory streams to reach the cortical plate, which they enter through radial migration before dispersing to settle in their final laminar allocation. While migrating, cortical interneurons constantly change their morphology through the dynamic remodeling of actomyosin and microtubule cytoskeleton as they detect and integrate extracellular guidance cues generated by neuronal and non-neuronal sources distributed along their migratory routes. These processes ensure proper distribution of GABAergic interneurons across cortical areas and lamina, supporting the development of adequate network connectivity and brain function. This short review summarizes current knowledge on the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling cortical GABAergic interneuron migration, with a focus on tangential migration, and addresses potential avenues for cell-based interneuron progenitor transplants in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Toudji
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Asmaa Toumi
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Émile Chamberland
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Elsa Rossignol
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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22
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Punessen NC, Pena C, Sandberg A, Koza LA, Linseman DA. A novel anti-apoptotic role for Cdc42/ACK-1 signaling in neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 126:103865. [PMID: 37263460 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are caused by a progressive and aberrant destruction of neurons in the brain and spinal cord. These disorders lack effective long-term treatments that impact the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis and as a result, existing options focus primarily on alleviating symptomology. Dysregulated programmed cell death (i.e., apoptosis) is a significant contributor to neurodegeneration, and is controlled by a number of different factors. Rho family GTPases are molecular switches with recognized importance in proper neuronal development and migration that have more recently emerged as central regulators of apoptosis and neuronal survival. Here, we investigated a role for the Rho GTPase family member, Cdc42, and its downstream effectors, in neuronal survival and apoptosis. We initially induced apoptosis in primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) by removing both growth factor-containing serum and depolarizing potassium from the cell medium. We then utilized both chemical inhibitors and adenoviral shRNA targeted to Cdc42 to block the function of Cdc42 or its downstream effectors under either control or apoptotic conditions. Our in vitro studies demonstrate that functional inhibition of Cdc42 or its downstream effector, activated Cdc42-associated tyrosine kinase-1 (ACK-1), had no adverse effects on CGN survival under control conditions, but significantly sensitized neurons to cell death under apoptotic conditions. In conclusion, our results suggest a key pro-survival role for Cdc42/ACK-1 signaling in neurons, particularly in regulating neuronal susceptibility to pro-apoptotic stress such as that observed in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle C Punessen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Claudia Pena
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Alexandra Sandberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Lilia A Koza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Daniel A Linseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA; Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
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23
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Szigeti K, Ihnatovych I, Rosas N, Dorn RP, Notari E, Cortes Gomez E, He M, Maly I, Prasad S, Nimmer E, Heo Y, Fuchsova B, Bennett DA, Hofmann WA, Pralle A, Bae Y, Wang J. Neuronal actin cytoskeleton gain of function in the human brain. EBioMedicine 2023; 95:104725. [PMID: 37517100 PMCID: PMC10404607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While advancements in imaging techniques have led to major strides in deciphering the human brain, successful interventions are elusive and represent some of the most persistent translational gaps in medicine. Human restricted CHRFAM7A has been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders. METHODS The physiological role of CHRFAM7A in human brain is explored using multiomics approach on 600 post mortem human brain tissue samples. The emerging pathways and mechanistic hypotheses are tested and validated in an isogenic hiPSC model of CHRFAM7A knock-in medial ganglionic eminence progenitors and neurons. FINDINGS CHRFAM7A is identified as a modulator of intracellular calcium dynamics and an upstream regulator of Rac1. Rac1 activation re-designs the actin cytoskeleton leading to dynamic actin driven remodeling of membrane protrusion and a switch from filopodia to lamellipodia. The reinforced cytoskeleton leads to an advantage to tolerate stiffer mechanical properties of the extracellular environment. INTERPRETATION CHRFAM7A modifies the actin cytoskeleton to a more dynamic and stiffness resistant state in an α7nAChR dependent manner. CHRFAM7A may facilitate neuronal adaptation to changes in the brain environment in physiological and pathological conditions contributing to risk or recovery. Understanding how CHRFAM7A affects human brain requires human studies in the areas of memory formation and erasure, cognitive reserve, and neuronal plasticity. FUNDING This work is supported in part by the Community Foundation for Greater Buffalo (Kinga Szigeti). Also, in part by the International Society for Neurochemistry (ISN) and The Company of Biologists (Nicolas Rosas). ROSMAP is supported by NIA grants P30AG10161, P30AG72975, R01AG15819, R01AG17917. U01AG46152, and U01AG61356.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Szigeti
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
| | - Ivanna Ihnatovych
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Nicolás Rosas
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA; Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de, Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ryu P Dorn
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Emily Notari
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | | | - Muye He
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Ivan Maly
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Shreyas Prasad
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Erik Nimmer
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Yuna Heo
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Beata Fuchsova
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (EByN), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - Consejo Nacional de, Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wilma A Hofmann
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Arnd Pralle
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Yongho Bae
- State University of New York at Buffalo, 875 Ellicott St., Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, 665 Elm St, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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24
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Hong W, Gong P, Pan X, Liu Y, Qi G, Qi C, Qin S. Krüppel-like factor 7 deficiency disrupts corpus callosum development and neuronal migration in the developing mouse cerebral cortex. Brain Pathol 2023; 33:e13186. [PMID: 37401095 PMCID: PMC10467035 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like Factor 7 (KLF7) is a zinc finger transcription factor that has a critical role in cellular differentiation, tumorigenesis, and regeneration. Mutations in Klf7 are associated with autism spectrum disorder, which is characterized by neurodevelopmental delay and intellectual disability. Here we show that KLF7 regulates neurogenesis and neuronal migration during mouse cortical development. Conditional depletion of KLF7 in neural progenitor cells resulted in agenesis of the corpus callosum, defects in neurogenesis, and impaired neuronal migration in the neocortex. Transcriptomic profiling analysis indicated that KLF7 regulates a cohort of genes involved in neuronal differentiation and migration, including p21 and Rac3. These findings provide insights into our understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying neurological defects associated with Klf7 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentong Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Pifang Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinjie Pan
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yitong Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guibo Qi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Congcong Qi
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Song Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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25
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Nakagawa N, Iwasato T. Golgi polarity shift instructs dendritic refinement in the neonatal cortex by mediating NMDA receptor signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112843. [PMID: 37516101 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic refinement is a critical component of activity-dependent neuronal circuit maturation, through which individual neurons establish specific connectivity with their target axons. Here, we demonstrate that the developmental shift of Golgi polarity is a key process in dendritic refinement. During neonatal development, the Golgi apparatus in layer 4 spiny stellate (SS) neurons in the mouse barrel cortex lose their original apical positioning and acquire laterally polarized distributions. This lateral Golgi polarity, which is oriented toward the barrel center, peaks on postnatal days 5-7 (P5-P7) and disappears by P15, which aligns with the developmental time course of SS neuron dendritic refinement. Genetic ablation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, key players in dendritic refinement, disturbs the lateral Golgi polarity. Golgi polarity manipulation disrupts the asymmetric dendritic projection pattern and the primary-whisker-specific response of SS neurons. Our results elucidate activity-dependent Golgi dynamics and their critical role in developmental neuronal circuit refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.
| | - Takuji Iwasato
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.
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26
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Liu W, Zeng Y, Huang L, Zhang X, Bi L, Fan W, Wu G. RHOJ as a novel mechanosensitive modulator of endothelial inflammation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 670:36-46. [PMID: 37271038 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Physiological high shear stress (HSS), a frictional force generated by flowing blood, is essential for endothelial homeostasis under normal physiological conditions. HSS suppresses atherosclerosis by inhibiting endothelial inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that HSS downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of ras homolog family member J (RHOJ) in endothelial cells (ECs). Silencing endogenous RHOJ expression decreased the mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in ECs, leading to a reduction in monocyte adhesion to ECs. Conversely, the overexpression of RHOJ had the opposite effect. RNA-sequencing analysis uncovered several differentially expressed genes (such as yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1),heme oxygenase-1 (HO1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1)) and pathways (such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, and cell adhesion pathways) as RHOJ targets. Additionally, HSS was observed to alleviate endothelial inflammation by inhibiting RHOJ expression. Finally, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) illustrated that fluid shear stress regulates RHOJ expression in an N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-dependent manner. Mechanistically, the RNA m6A writer, methyltransferase 3 (METTL3), and the RNA m6A readers, YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein F 3 (YTHDF3) and YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA-binding protein C 1/2 (YTHDC1/2), are involved in this process. Taken together, our data demonstrate that HSS-induced downregulation of RHOJ contributes to endothelial homeostasis by suppressing endothelial inflammation and that RHOJ inhibition in ECs is a promising therapeutic strategy for endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- WenQiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), PR China
| | - Yue Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), PR China
| | - LiHan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), PR China
| | - XiaoZhe Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), PR China
| | - LianRu Bi
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), PR China
| | - WenDong Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), PR China.
| | - GuiFu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, Guangdong, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), PR China; Guangdong Innovative Engineering and Technology Research Center for Assisted Circulation, PR China.
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27
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Nageeb Hasan SM, Clarke CL, McManamon Strand TP, Bambico FR. Putative pathological mechanisms of late-life depression and Alzheimer's Disease. Brain Res 2023:148423. [PMID: 37244602 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by progressive impairment in cognition and memory. AD is accompanied by several neuropsychiatric symptoms, with depression being the most prominent. Although depression has long been known to be associated with AD, controversial findings from preclinical and clinical studies have obscured the precise nature of this association. However recent evidence suggests that depression could be a prodrome or harbinger of AD. Evidence indicates that the major central serotonergic nucleus-the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN)-shows very early AD pathology: neurofibrillary tangles made of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and degenerated neurites. AD and depression share common pathophysiologies, including functional deficits of the serotonin (5-HT) system. 5-HT receptors have modulatory effects on the progression of AD pathology i.e., reduction in Aβ load, increased hyper-phosphorylation of tau, decreased oxidative stress etc. Moreover, preclinical models show a role for specific channelopathies that result in abnormal regional activational and neuroplasticity patterns. One of these concerns the pathological upregulation of the small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channel in corticolimbic structure. This has also been observed in the DRN in both diseases. The SKC is a key regulator of cell excitability and long-term potentiation (LTP). SKC over-expression is positively correlated with aging and cognitive decline, and is evident in AD. Pharmacological blockade of SKCs has been reported to reverse symptoms of depression and AD. Thus, aberrant SKC functioning could be related to depression pathophysiology and diverts its late-life progression towards the development of AD. We summarize findings from preclinical and clinical studies suggesting a molecular linkage between depression and AD pathology. We also provide a rationale for considering SKCs as a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of AD-associated symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Nageeb Hasan
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B3Xs, Canada.
| | - Courtney Leigh Clarke
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B3Xs, Canada
| | | | - Francis Rodriguez Bambico
- Department of Psychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1B3Xs, Canada; Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, M5T1R8, Canada
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Ganipineni VDP, Idavalapati ASKK, Tamalapakula SS, Moparthi V, Potru M, Owolabi OJ. Depression and Hand-Grip: Unraveling the Association. Cureus 2023; 15:e38632. [PMID: 37159619 PMCID: PMC10163904 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article explores the association between hand-grip strength and depression. A total of 14 studies were carefully considered to provide a comprehensive analysis of the topic. The studies reveal a consistent association between low hand-grip strength and depressive symptoms, independent of age, gender, and chronic disease status. The evidence suggests that hand-grip strength assessment could be a useful tool for identifying individuals at risk of depression, particularly older adults and those with chronic diseases. Incorporating physical activity and strength training into treatment plans can contribute to better mental health outcomes. Hand-grip strength assessment can also be used as a monitoring tool to track changes in physical and mental health over time in individuals with depression. Healthcare professionals should consider the relationship between hand-grip strength and depression when evaluating patients and developing treatment plans. The findings from this comprehensive clinical review have important clinical implications and highlight the importance of considering physical health factors in the context of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Durga Pradeep Ganipineni
- Department of General Medicine, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Center, Chennai, IND
- Department of General Medicine, Andhra Medical College/King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam, IND
| | | | | | - Vagdevi Moparthi
- Department of Medicine, Dr. Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Foundation, Vijayawada, IND
| | - Monica Potru
- Department of Medicine, Guntur Medial College, Guntur, IND
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29
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Ru Q, Wang Y, Zhou E, Chen L, Wu Y. The potential therapeutic roles of Rho GTPases in substance dependence. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1125277. [PMID: 37063367 PMCID: PMC10097952 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1125277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases family are considered to be molecular switches that regulate various cellular processes, including cytoskeleton remodeling, cell polarity, synaptic development and maintenance. Accumulating evidence shows that Rho GTPases are involved in neuronal development and brain diseases, including substance dependence. However, the functions of Rho GTPases in substance dependence are divergent and cerebral nuclei-dependent. Thereby, comprehensive integration of their roles and correlated mechanisms are urgently needed. In this review, the molecular functions and regulatory mechanisms of Rho GTPases and their regulators such as GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) in substance dependence have been reviewed, and this is of great significance for understanding their spatiotemporal roles in addictions induced by different addictive substances and in different stages of substance dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lin Chen
- *Correspondence: Lin Chen, ; Yuxiang Wu,
| | - Yuxiang Wu
- *Correspondence: Lin Chen, ; Yuxiang Wu,
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30
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Kounoupa Z, Tivodar S, Theodorakis K, Kyriakis D, Denaxa M, Karagogeos D. Rac1 and Rac3 GTPases and TPC2 are required for axonal outgrowth and migration of cortical interneurons. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:286920. [PMID: 36744839 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho GTPases, among them Rac1 and Rac3, are major transducers of extracellular signals and are involved in multiple cellular processes. In cortical interneurons, the neurons that control the balance between excitation and inhibition of cortical circuits, Rac1 and Rac3 are essential for their development. Ablation of both leads to a severe reduction in the numbers of mature interneurons found in the murine cortex, which is partially due to abnormal cell cycle progression of interneuron precursors and defective formation of growth cones in young neurons. Here, we present new evidence that upon Rac1 and Rac3 ablation, centrosome, Golgi complex and lysosome positioning is significantly perturbed, thus affecting both interneuron migration and axon growth. Moreover, for the first time, we provide evidence of altered expression and localization of the two-pore channel 2 (TPC2) voltage-gated ion channel that mediates Ca2+ release. Pharmacological inhibition of TPC2 negatively affected axonal growth and migration of interneurons. Our data, taken together, suggest that TPC2 contributes to the severe phenotype in axon growth initiation, extension and interneuron migration in the absence of Rac1 and Rac3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zouzana Kounoupa
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB, FORTH), Heraklion 71110, Greece.,Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Simona Tivodar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB, FORTH), Heraklion 71110, Greece.,Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Kostas Theodorakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB, FORTH), Heraklion 71110, Greece.,Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kyriakis
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Myrto Denaxa
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre 'Al. Fleming', Vari, 16672, Greece
| | - Domna Karagogeos
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB, FORTH), Heraklion 71110, Greece.,Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71110, Greece
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31
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Gharbi T, Liu C, Khan H, Zhang Z, Yang GY, Tang Y. Hypoxic Preconditioned Neural Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Contain Distinct Protein Cargo from Their Normal Counterparts. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1982-1997. [PMID: 36975497 PMCID: PMC10047917 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic preconditioning has been demonstrated to increase the resistance of neural stem cells (NSCs) to hypoxic conditions, as well as to improve their capacity for differentiation and neurogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as critical mediators of cell–cell communication, but their role in this hypoxic conditioning is presently unknown. Here, we demonstrated that three hours of hypoxic preconditioning triggers significant neural stem cell EV release. Proteomic profiling of EVs from normal and hypoxic preconditioned neural stem cells identified 20 proteins that were upregulated and 22 proteins that were downregulated after hypoxic preconditioning. We also found an upregulation of some of these proteins by qPCR, thus indicating differences also at the transcript level within the EVs. Among the upregulated proteins are CNP, Cyfip1, CASK, and TUBB5, which are well known to exhibit significant beneficial effects on neural stem cells. Thus, our results not only show a significant difference of protein cargo in EVs consequent to hypoxic exposure, but identify several candidate proteins that might play a pivotal role in the cell-to-cell mediated communication underlying neuronal differentiation, protection, maturation, and survival following exposure to hypoxic conditions.
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32
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Rac is required for the survival of cortical neurons. Exp Neurol 2023; 361:114316. [PMID: 36586552 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rac1, a member of small Rho GTPases, is involved in diverse cellular processes in neuronal cells. Rac1 plays especially important roles during development, and its roles have been extensively studied using Rac1-deficient mice. Rac3, a close homolog of Rac1, is ubiquitously expressed in the nervous system and may therefore compensate for Rac1 in Rac1-deficient cells. Exploration of the roles of Rac in neurons may therefore be difficult. We thus deleted both Rac1 and Rac3 in cortical neurons. Rac-deficient cerebral cortices formed slightly hypoplastic but almost normally layered structures at birth, but cortical neurons underwent apoptosis soon after birth. Rac-deficient cortical neurons had poor survivability and there was reduction in the length and the number of neurites in vitro. Activation of Pak1, a downstream effector of Rac, in Rac-deficient cortical neurons rescued the survivability in vitro. Pak1-activated Rac-deficient neurons had numerous dendrites, but no axons. Restoration of p35, a regulator of Cdk5, partly rescued the survivability of Rac-deficient neurons both in vitro and in vivo. Expression of p35 also partly rescued the length and the number of neurites in Rac-deficient neurons in vitro. Rac was shown to be indispensable for the survival of cortical neurons, and Pak1 and Cdk5/p35 work as downstream effectors of Rac to promote neuronal survival.
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33
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Yang Y, Yang J, Liang Y, Zhang G, Cai Z, Zhang Y, Lin H, Tan M. Rab3A interacts with spastin to regulate neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 643:77-87. [PMID: 36587525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Investigating novel mechanisms of neurite outgrowth via cytoskeleton is critical for developing therapeutic strategies against neural disorders. Rab3A is a vesicle-related protein distributed throughout the nervous system, but the detailed mechanism related to cytoskeleton remains largely unknown. Our previous reports show that spastin serves microtubule to regulate neurite outgrowth. Here, we asked whether Rab3A could function via modulating spastin during neuronal development. The results revealed that Rab3A colocalized with spastin in cultured hippocampal neurons. Immunoprecipitation assays showed that Rab3A physically interacted with spastin in rat brain lysates. Rab3A overexpression significantly induced spastin degradation; this effect was reversed by leupeptin- or MG-132- administration, suggesting the lysosomal and ubiquitin-mediated degradation system. Immunofluorescence staining further confirmed that Rab3A and spastin immune-colocalized with the lysosome marker lysotracker. In COS7 cells, Rab3A overexpression significantly downregulated spastin expression and abolished the spastin-mediated microtubule severing. Furthermore, overexpression inhibited while genetic knockdown of Rab3A promoted neurite outgrowth. However, this inhibitory effect on neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons could be reversed via co-transfection of spastin, indicating that Rab3A functions via its interaction protein spastin. In general, our data identify an interaction between Rab3A and spastin, and this interaction affects the protein stability of spastin and eliminates its microtubule severing function, thereby modulating neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Yaozhong Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Zhenbin Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Hongsheng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
| | - Minghui Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China.
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34
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Bonnet M, Roche F, Fagotto-Kaufmann C, Gazdagh G, Truong I, Comunale F, Barbosa S, Bonhomme M, Nafati N, Hunt D, Rodriguez MP, Chaudhry A, Shears D, Madruga M, Vansenne F, Curie A, Kajava AV, Baralle D, Fassier C, Debant A, Schmidt S. Pathogenic TRIO variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders perturb the molecular regulation of TRIO and axon pathfinding in vivo. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:1527-1544. [PMID: 36717740 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-01963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The RhoGEF TRIO is known to play a major role in neuronal development by controlling actin cytoskeleton remodeling, primarily through the activation of the RAC1 GTPase. Numerous de novo mutations in the TRIO gene have been identified in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). We have previously established the first phenotype/genotype correlation in TRIO-associated diseases, with striking correlation between the clinical features of the individuals and the opposite modulation of RAC1 activity by TRIO variants targeting different domains. The mutations hyperactivating RAC1 are of particular interest, as they are recurrently found in patients and are associated with a severe form of NDD and macrocephaly, indicating their importance in the etiology of the disease. Yet, it remains unknown how these pathogenic TRIO variants disrupt TRIO activity at a molecular level and how they affect neurodevelopmental processes such as axon outgrowth or guidance. Here we report an additional cohort of individuals carrying a pathogenic TRIO variant that reinforces our initial phenotype/genotype correlation. More importantly, by performing conformation predictions coupled to biochemical validation, we propose a model whereby TRIO is inhibited by an intramolecular fold and NDD-associated variants relieve this inhibition, leading to RAC1 hyperactivation. Moreover, we show that in cultured primary neurons and in the zebrafish developmental model, these gain-of-function variants differentially affect axon outgrowth and branching in vitro and in vivo, as compared to loss-of-function TRIO variants. In summary, by combining clinical, molecular, cellular and in vivo data, we provide compelling new evidence for the pathogenicity of novel genetic variants targeting the TRIO gene in NDDs. We report a novel mechanism whereby the fine-tuned regulation of TRIO activity is critical for proper neuronal development and is disrupted by pathogenic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bonnet
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Fiona Roche
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne University, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Christine Fagotto-Kaufmann
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriella Gazdagh
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK.,Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service Foundation Trust, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK
| | - Iona Truong
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Comunale
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Sonia Barbosa
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Bonhomme
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Nafati
- Montpellier Ressources Imagerie, BioCampus, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - David Hunt
- Wessex Clinical Genetics Service, Princess Anne Hospital, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK
| | | | - Ayeshah Chaudhry
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deborah Shears
- Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Marcos Madruga
- Hospital Viamed Santa Ángela De la Cruz, Sevilla, 41014, Spain
| | - Fleur Vansenne
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center, Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aurore Curie
- Reference Center for Intellectual Disability from rare causes, Department of Child Neurology, Woman Mother and Child Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon Neuroscience Research Centre, CNRS UMR5292, INSERM U1028, Université de Lyon, Bron, France
| | - Andrey V Kajava
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Diana Baralle
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 5YA, UK
| | - Coralie Fassier
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne University, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Anne Debant
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
| | - Susanne Schmidt
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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35
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Donta MS, Srivastava Y, Di Mauro CM, Paulucci-Holthauzen A, Waxham MN, McCrea PD. p120-catenin subfamily members have distinct as well as shared effects on dendrite morphology during neuron development in vitro. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1151249. [PMID: 37082208 PMCID: PMC10112520 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1151249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic arborization is essential for proper neuronal connectivity and function. Conversely, abnormal dendrite morphology is associated with several neurological pathologies like Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Among major intrinsic mechanisms that determine the extent of the dendritic arbor is cytoskeletal remodeling. Here, we characterize and compare the impact of the four proteins involved in cytoskeletal remodeling-vertebrate members of the p120-catenin subfamily-on neuronal dendrite morphology. In relation to each of their own distributions, we find that p120-catenin and delta-catenin are expressed at relatively higher proportions in growth cones compared to ARVCF-catenin and p0071-catenin; ARVCF-catenin is expressed at relatively high proportions in the nucleus; and all catenins are expressed in dendritic processes and the soma. Through altering the expression of each p120-subfamily catenin in neurons, we find that exogenous expression of either p120-catenin or delta-catenin correlates with increased dendritic length and branching, whereas their respective depletion decreases dendritic length and branching. While increasing ARVCF-catenin expression also increases dendritic length and branching, decreasing expression has no grossly observable morphological effect. Finally, increasing p0071-catenin expression increases dendritic branching, but not length, while decreasing expression decreases dendritic length and branching. These distinct localization patterns and morphological effects during neuron development suggest that these catenins have both shared and distinct roles in the context of dendrite morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxsam S. Donta
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Yogesh Srivastava
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Christina M. Di Mauro
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - M. Neal Waxham
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: M. Neal Waxham,
| | - Pierre D. McCrea
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
- Pierre D. McCrea,
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Zhu X, Zhang F, You Y, Wang H, Yuan S, Wu B, Zhu R, Liu D, Yan F, Wang Z. S-Ketamine Exerts Antidepressant Effects by Regulating Rac1 GTPase Mediated Synaptic Plasticity in the Hippocampus of Stressed Rats. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:299-314. [PMID: 35083636 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical studies have found that ketamine has a rapid and lasting antidepressant effect, especially in the case of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The molecular mechanisms, however, remain unclear. In this study, we observe the effects of S-Ketamine on the expression of Rac1, neuronal morphology, and synaptic transmission function in the hippocampus of stressed rats. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) was used to construct stressed rats. The rats were given a different regimen of ketamine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 (50 µg, ICV) treatment. The depression-like behavior of rats was evaluated by sucrose preference test and open-field test. The protein expression of Rac1, GluA1, synapsin1, and PSD95 in the hippocampus was detected by Western blot. Pull-down analysis was used to examine the activity of Rac1. Golgi staining and electrophysiological study were used to observe the neuronal morphology and long-term potentiation (LTP). Our results showed that ketamine can up-regulate the expression and activity of Rac1; increase the spine density and the expression of synaptic-related proteins such as GluA1, Synapsin1, and PSD95 in the hippocampus of stressed rats; reduce the CUMS-induced LTP impairments; and consequently improve depression-like behavior. However, Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 could have effectively reversed ketamine-mediated changes in the hippocampus of rats and counteracted its antidepressant effects. The specific mechanism of S-Ketamine's antidepressant effect may be related to the up-regulation of the expression and activity of Rac1 in the hippocampus of stressed rats, thus enhancing synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Bishan Hospital, Bishan, Chongqing, 402760, China
| | - Yufeng You
- Department of Radiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongbai Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Su Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Banglin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Rongyu Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, China
| | - Fuxia Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100000, China.
| | - Zaiping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi City, 445000, Hubei Province, China.
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37
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A genetic correlation and bivariate genome-wide association study of grip strength and depression. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278392. [PMID: 36520780 PMCID: PMC9754196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Grip strength is an important biomarker reflecting muscle strength, and depression is a psychiatric disorder all over the world. Several studies found a significant inverse association between grip strength and depression, and there is also evidence for common physiological mechanisms between them. We used twin data from Qingdao, China to calculate genetic correlations, and we performed a bivariate GWAS to explore potential SNPs, genes, and pathways in common between grip strength and depression. 139 pairs of Dizygotic twins were used for bivariate GWAS. VEAGSE2 and PASCAL software were used for gene-based analysis and pathway enrichment analysis, respectively. And the resulting SNPs were subjected to eQTL analysis and pleiotropy analysis. The genetic correlation coefficient between grip strength and depression was -0.41 (-0.96, -0.15). In SNP-based analysis, 7 SNPs exceeded the genome-wide significance level (P<5×10-8) and a total of 336 SNPs reached the level of suggestive significance (P<1×10-5). Gene-based analysis and pathway-based analysis identified genes and pathways related to muscle strength and the nervous system. The results of eQTL analysis were mainly enriched in tissues such as the brain, thyroid, and skeletal muscle. Pleiotropy analysis shows that 9 of the 15 top SNPs were associated with both grip strength and depression. In conclusion, this bivariate GWAS identified potentially common pleiotropic SNPs, genes, and pathways in grip strength and depression.
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Axonal Regeneration: Underlying Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123186. [PMID: 36551942 PMCID: PMC9775075 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Axons in the peripheral nervous system have the ability to repair themselves after damage, whereas axons in the central nervous system are unable to do so. A common and important characteristic of damage to the spinal cord, brain, and peripheral nerves is the disruption of axonal regrowth. Interestingly, intrinsic growth factors play a significant role in the axonal regeneration of injured nerves. Various factors such as proteomic profile, microtubule stability, ribosomal location, and signalling pathways mark a line between the central and peripheral axons' capacity for self-renewal. Unfortunately, glial scar development, myelin-associated inhibitor molecules, lack of neurotrophic factors, and inflammatory reactions are among the factors that restrict axonal regeneration. Molecular pathways such as cAMP, MAPK, JAK/STAT, ATF3/CREB, BMP/SMAD, AKT/mTORC1/p70S6K, PI3K/AKT, GSK-3β/CLASP, BDNF/Trk, Ras/ERK, integrin/FAK, RhoA/ROCK/LIMK, and POSTN/integrin are activated after nerve injury and are considered significant players in axonal regeneration. In addition to the aforementioned pathways, growth factors, microRNAs, and astrocytes are also commendable participants in regeneration. In this review, we discuss the detailed mechanism of each pathway along with key players that can be potentially valuable targets to help achieve quick axonal healing. We also identify the prospective targets that could help close knowledge gaps in the molecular pathways underlying regeneration and shed light on the creation of more powerful strategies to encourage axonal regeneration after nervous system injury.
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39
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Schäfer I, Bauch J, Wegrzyn D, Roll L, van Leeuwen S, Jarocki A, Faissner A. The guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav3 intervenes in the migration pathway of oligodendrocyte precursor cells on tenascin-C. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1042403. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1042403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are the exclusive source of myelination in the central nervous system (CNS). Prior to myelination, OPCs migrate to target areas and mature into myelinating oligodendrocytes. This process is underpinned by drastic changes of the cytoskeleton and partially driven by pathways involving small GTPases of the Rho subfamily. In general, the myelination process requires migration, proliferation and differentiation of OPCs. Presently, these processes are only partially understood. In this study, we analyzed the impact of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Vav3 on the migration behavior of OPCs. Vav3 is known to regulate RhoA, Rac1 and RhoG activity and is therefore a promising candidate with regard to a regulatory role concerning the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton. Our study focused on the Vav3 knockout mouse and revealed an enhanced migration capacity of Vav3−/− OPCs on the extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein tenascin-C (TnC). The migration behavior of individual OPCs on further ECM molecules such as laminin-1 (Ln1), laminin-2 (Ln2) and tenascin-R (TnR) was not affected by the elimination of Vav3. The migration process was further investigated with regard to intracellular signal transmission by pharmacological blockade of downstream pathways of specific Rho GTPases. Our data suggest that activation of RhoA GTPase signaling compromises migration, as inhibition of RhoA-signaling promoted migration behavior. This study provides novel insights into the control of OPC migration, which could be useful for further understanding of the complex differentiation and myelination process.
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Andronie-Cioară FL, Jurcău A, Jurcău MC, Nistor-Cseppentö DC, Simion A. Cholesterol Management in Neurology: Time for Revised Strategies? J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12121981. [PMID: 36556202 PMCID: PMC9784893 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12121981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Statin therapy has been extensively evaluated and shown to reduce the incidence of new or recurrent vascular events, ischemic stroke included. As a consequence, each published guideline pushes for lower low-density cholesterol levels in the population at large, recommending increased statin doses and/or adding new cholesterol-lowering molecules. Neurologists find it sometimes difficult to apply these guidelines, having to confront situations such as (1) ischemic strokes, mainly cardioembolic ones, in patients with already low LDL-cholesterol levels; (2) myasthenic patients, whose lifespan has been extended by available treatment, and whose age and cholesterol levels put them at risk for ischemic stroke; (3) patients with myotonic dystrophy, whose disease often associates diabetes mellitus and heart conduction defects, and in whom blood cholesterol management is also not settled. As such, further trials are needed to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioară
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Anamaria Jurcău
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Maria Carolina Jurcău
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.C.J.); (D.C.N.-C.); Tel.: +40-744-600-833 (M.C.J.)
| | - Delia Carmen Nistor-Cseppentö
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.C.J.); (D.C.N.-C.); Tel.: +40-744-600-833 (M.C.J.)
| | - Aurel Simion
- Department of Psycho-Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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41
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Burute M, Jansen KI, Mihajlovic M, Vermonden T, Kapitein LC. Local changes in microtubule network mobility instruct neuronal polarization and axon specification. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo2343. [PMID: 36332030 PMCID: PMC9635826 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The polarization of neurons into axons and dendrites depends on extracellular cues, intracellular signaling, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and polarized transport, but the interplay between these processes during polarization remains unresolved. Here, we show that axon specification is determined by differences in microtubule network mobility between neurites, regulated by Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) and extracellular cues. In developing neurons, retrograde microtubule flow prevents the entry of the axon-selective motor protein Kinesin-1 into most neurites. Using inducible assays to control microtubule network flow, we demonstrate that local inhibition of microtubule mobility is sufficient to guide Kinesin-1 into a specific neurite, whereas long-term global inhibition induces the formation of multiple axons. We furthermore show that extracellular mechanical cues and intracellular Rho GTPase signaling control the local differences in microtubule network flow. These results reveal a novel cytoskeletal mechanism for neuronal polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mithila Burute
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Klara I. Jansen
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marko Mihajlovic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3508 TB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tina Vermonden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Science for Life, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3508 TB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lukas C. Kapitein
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
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PRG3 and PRG5 C-Termini: Important Players in Early Neuronal Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113007. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional importance of neuronal differentiation of the transmembrane proteins’ plasticity-related genes 3 (PRG3) and 5 (PRG5) has been shown. Although their sequence is closely related, they promote different morphological changes in neurons. PRG3 was shown to promote neuritogenesis in primary neurons; PRG5 contributes to spine induction in immature neurons and the regulation of spine density and morphology in mature neurons. Both exhibit intracellularly located C-termini of less than 50 amino acids. Varying C-termini suggested that these domains shape neuronal morphology differently. We generated mutant EGFP-fusion proteins in which the C-termini were either swapped between PRG3 and PRG5, deleted, or fused to another family member, plasticity-related gene 4 (PRG4), that was recently shown to be expressed in different brain regions. We subsequently analyzed the influence of overexpression in immature neurons. Our results point to a critical role of the PRG3 and PRG5 C-termini in shaping early neuronal morphology. However, the results suggest that the C-terminus alone might not be sufficient for promoting the morphological effects induced by PRG3 and PRG5.
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Ravindran E, Ullah N, Mani S, Chew EGY, Tandiono M, Foo JN, Khor CC, Kaindl AM, Siddiqi S. Case report: Expanding the phenotype of ARHGEF17 mutations from increased intracranial aneurysm risk to a neurodevelopmental disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:1017654. [PMID: 36341116 PMCID: PMC9630465 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1017654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
RhoGTPase regulators play a key role in the development of the nervous system, and their dysfunction can result in brain malformation and associated disorders. Several guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. In line with this, ARHGEF17 has been recently linked as a risk gene to intracranial aneurysms. Here we report siblings of a consanguineous Pakistani family with biallelic variants in the ARHGEF17 gene associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder with intellectual disability, speech delay and motor dysfunction but not aneurysms. Cranial MRI performed in one patient revealed generalized brain atrophy with an enlarged ventricular system, thin corpus callosum and microcephaly. Whole exome sequencing followed by Sanger sequencing in two of the affected individuals revealed a homozygous missense variant (g.11:73021307, c.1624C>T (NM_014786.4), p.R542W) in the ARHGEF17 gene. This variant is in a highly conserved DCLK1 phosphorylation consensus site (I/L/V/F/M]RRXX[pS/pT][I/L/M/V/F) of the protein. Our report expands the phenotypic spectrum of ARHGEF17 variants from increased intracranial aneurysm risk to neurodevelopmental disease and thereby add ARHGEF17 to the list of GEF genes involved in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethiraj Ravindran
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Berlin, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Noor Ullah
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Khyber Medical University Institute of Paramedical Sciences (KMU IPMS), Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Shyamala Mani
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Berlin, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Elaine Guo Yan Chew
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Moses Tandiono
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Nee Foo
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Angela M. Kaindl
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Berlin, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Pediatric Neurology, Berlin, Germany
- Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Center for Chronically Sick Children (Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum, SPZ), Berlin, Germany
| | - Saima Siddiqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Lin CH, Chen YC, Chan SP, Ou CY. TIAM-1 differentially regulates dendritic and axonal microtubule organization in patterning neuronal development through its multiple domains. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010454. [PMID: 36223408 PMCID: PMC9612824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon and dendrite development require the cooperation of actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. Microtubules form a well-organized network to direct polarized trafficking and support neuronal processes formation with distinct actin structures. However, it is largely unknown how cytoskeleton regulators differentially regulate microtubule organization in axon and dendrite development. Here, we characterize the role of actin regulators in axon and dendrite development and show that the RacGEF TIAM-1 regulates dendritic patterns through its N-terminal domains and suppresses axon growth through its C-terminal domains. TIAM-1 maintains plus-end-out microtubule orientation in posterior dendrites and prevents the accumulation of microtubules in the axon. In somatodendritic regions, TIAM-1 interacts with UNC-119 and stabilizes the organization between actin filaments and microtubules. UNC-119 is required for TIAM-1 to control axon growth, and its expression levels determine axon length. Taken together, TIAM-1 regulates neuronal microtubule organization and patterns axon and dendrite development respectively through its different domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsien Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Peng Chan
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Yen Ou
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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45
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Huang E, Li S. Liver Kinase B1 Functions as a Regulator for Neural Development and a Therapeutic Target for Neural Repair. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182861. [PMID: 36139438 PMCID: PMC9496952 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver kinase B1 (LKB1), also known as serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11) and Par-4 in C. elegans, has been identified as a master kinase of AMPKs and AMPK-related kinases. LKB1 plays a crucial role in cell growth, metabolism, polarity, and tumor suppression. By interacting with the downstream signals of SAD, NUAK, MARK, and other kinases, LKB1 is critical to regulating neuronal polarization and axon branching during development. It also regulates Schwann cell function and the myelination of peripheral axons. Regulating LKB1 activity has become an attractive strategy for repairing an injured nervous system. LKB1 upregulation enhances the regenerative capacity of adult CNS neurons and the recovery of locomotor function in adult rodents with CNS axon injury. Here, we update the major cellular and molecular mechanisms of LKB1 in regulating neuronal polarization and neural development, and the implications thereof for promoting neural repair, axon regeneration, and functional recovery in adult mammals.
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46
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Purushotham SS, Reddy NMN, D'Souza MN, Choudhury NR, Ganguly A, Gopalakrishna N, Muddashetty R, Clement JP. A perspective on molecular signalling dysfunction, its clinical relevance and therapeutics in autism spectrum disorder. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:2525-2567. [PMID: 36063192 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders that have become a primary clinical and social concern, with a prevalence of 2-3% in the population. Neuronal function and behaviour undergo significant malleability during the critical period of development that is found to be impaired in ID/ASD. Human genome sequencing studies have revealed many genetic variations associated with ASD/ID that are further verified by many approaches, including many mouse and other models. These models have facilitated the identification of fundamental mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of ASD/ID, and several studies have proposed converging molecular pathways in ASD/ID. However, linking the mechanisms of the pathogenic genes and their molecular characteristics that lead to ID/ASD has progressed slowly, hampering the development of potential therapeutic strategies. This review discusses the possibility of recognising the common molecular causes for most ASD/ID based on studies from the available models that may enable a better therapeutic strategy to treat ID/ASD. We also reviewed the potential biomarkers to detect ASD/ID at early stages that may aid in diagnosis and initiating medical treatment, the concerns with drug failure in clinical trials, and developing therapeutic strategies that can be applied beyond a particular mutation associated with ASD/ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmitha S Purushotham
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Neeharika M N Reddy
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Michelle Ninochka D'Souza
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science Campus, CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560 012, India.,The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Nilpawan Roy Choudhury
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Anusa Ganguly
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Niharika Gopalakrishna
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Ravi Muddashetty
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science Campus, CV Raman Avenue, Bangalore, 560 012, India.,The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - James P Clement
- Neuroscience Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bengaluru, 560064, India.
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47
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Stejerean-Todoran I, Gimotty PA, Watters A, Brafford P, Krepler C, Godok T, Li H, Bonilla Del Rio Z, Zieseniss A, Katschinski DM, Sertel SM, Rizzoli SO, Garman B, Nathanson KL, Xu X, Chen Q, Oswald JH, Lotem M, Mills GB, Davies MA, Schön MP, Bogeski I, Herlyn M, Vultur A. A distinct pattern of growth and RAC1 signaling in melanoma brain metastasis cells. Neuro Oncol 2022; 25:674-686. [PMID: 36054930 PMCID: PMC10076948 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma, the deadliest of skin cancers, has a high propensity to form brain metastases that are associated with a markedly worsened prognosis. In spite of recent therapeutic advances, melanoma brain lesions remain a clinical challenge, biomarkers predicting brain dissemination are not clear and differences with other metastatic sites are poorly understood. METHODS We examined a genetically diverse panel of human-derived melanoma brain metastasis (MBM) and extracranial cell lines using targeted sequencing, a Reverse Phase Protein Array, protein expression analyses, and functional studies in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Brain-specific genetic alterations were not detected; however, MBM cells in vitro displayed lower proliferation rates and MBM-specific protein expression patterns associated with proliferation, DNA damage, adhesion, and migration. MBM lines displayed higher levels of RAC1 expression, involving a distinct RAC1-PAK1-JNK1 signaling network. RAC1 knockdown or treatment with small molecule inhibitors contributed to a less aggressive MBM phenotype in vitro, while RAC1 knockdown in vivo led to reduced tumor volumes and delayed tumor appearance. Proliferation, adhesion, and migration were higher in MBM vs. non-MBM lines in the presence of insulin or brain-derived factors and were affected by RAC1 levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that despite their genetic variability, MBM engage specific molecular processes such as RAC1 signaling to adapt to the brain microenvironment and this can be used for the molecular characterization and treatment of brain metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Stejerean-Todoran
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Phyllis A Gimotty
- Department of Biostatistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea Watters
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Brafford
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Clemens Krepler
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tetiana Godok
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Haiyin Li
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zuriñe Bonilla Del Rio
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anke Zieseniss
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dörthe M Katschinski
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sinem M Sertel
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bradley Garman
- Department of Medicine, Div. Translational Medicine and Human Genetics; Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katherine L Nathanson
- Department of Medicine, Div. Translational Medicine and Human Genetics; Abramson Cancer Center; University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Immunology Microenvironment & Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jack H Oswald
- Immunology Microenvironment & Metastasis, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michal Lotem
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IL
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael A Davies
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael P Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Meenhard Herlyn
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adina Vultur
- Molecular Physiology, Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncogenesis, Melanoma Research Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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48
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Zhang H, Lu J, Shang H, Chen J, Lin Z, Liu Y, Wang X, Song L, Jiang X, Jiang H, Shi J, Yan D, Wu S. Alterations of serine racemase expression determine proliferation and differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22473. [PMID: 35976172 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200394rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the role of serine racemase (SR) in neuropsychiatric disorders has been extensively studied, its role in cell proliferation and differentiation remains unclear. Deletion of Srr, the encoding gene for SR, has been shown to reduce dendritic arborization and dendritic spine density in the brains of adult mice, whereas increased SR levels have been associated with differentiation in cell cultures. Previously, we demonstrated that valproic acid induces differentiation in the N2A neuroblastoma cell line, and that this differentiation is associated with increased SR expression. These observations suggest that SR may have a role in cell proliferation and differentiation. We herein found that both valproic acid and all-trans retinoic acid induced N2A differentiation. In contrast, knockdown of SR reduced levels of differentiation, increased N2A proliferation, promoted cell cycle entry, and modulated expression of cell cycle-related proteins. To further evaluate the effects of SR expression on cell proliferation and differentiation, we used an in vivo model of neuroblastoma in nude mice. N2A cells stably expressing scramble shRNA (Srrwt -N2A) or specific Srr shRNA (Srrkd -N2A) were subcutaneously injected into nude mice. The weights and volumes of Srrwt -N2A-derived tumors were lower than Srrkd -N2A-derived tumors. Furthermore, Srrwt -N2A-derived tumors were significantly mitigated by intraperitoneal injection of valproic acid, whereas Srrkd -N2A-derived tumors were unaffected. Taken together, our findings demonstrate for the first time that alterations in SR expression determine the transition between proliferation and differentiation in neural progenitor cells. Thus, in addition to its well-established roles in neuropsychiatric disorders, our study has highlighted a novel role for SR in cell proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou, P.R. China.,School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jinfang Lu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Wenzhou, P.R. China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huiping Shang
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Juan Chen
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhengxiu Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yimei Liu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Liping Song
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xue Jiang
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiandong Shi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Yan
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shengzhou Wu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and the Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology, and Visual Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, P.R. China
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Rac-deficient cerebellar granule neurons die before they migrate to the internal granule layer. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14848. [PMID: 36050459 PMCID: PMC9436960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19252-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Granule neurons are the most common cell type in the cerebellum. They are generated in the external granule layer and migrate inwardly, forming the internal granule layer. Small Rho GTPases play various roles during development of the nervous system and may be involved in generation, differentiation and migration of granule neurons. We deleted Rac1, a member of small Rho GTPases, by GFAP-Cre driver in cerebellar granule neurons and Bergmann glial cells. Rac1flox/flox; Cre mice showed impaired migration and slight reduction in the number of granule neurons in the internal granule layer. Deletion of both Rac1 and Rac3 resulted in almost complete absence of granule neurons. Rac-deficient granule neurons differentiated into p27 and NeuN-expressing post mitotic neurons, but died before migration to the internal granule layer. Loss of Rac3 has little effect on granule neuron development. Rac1flox/flox; Rac3+/−; Cre mice showed intermediate phenotype between Rac1flox/flox; Cre and Rac1flox/flox; Rac3−/−; Cre mice in both survival and migration of granule neurons. Rac3 itself seems to be unimportant in the development of the cerebellum, but has some roles in Rac1-deleted granule neurons. Conversely, overall morphology of Rac1+/flox; Rac3−/−; Cre cerebella was normal. One allele of Rac1 is therefore thought to be sufficient to promote development of cerebellar granule neurons.
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Mehrotra S, Pierce ML, Dravid SM, Murray TF. Stimulation of Neurite Outgrowth in Cerebrocortical Neurons by Sodium Channel Activator Brevetoxin-2 Requires Both N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor 2B (GluN2B) and p21 Protein (Cdc42/Rac)-Activated Kinase 1 (PAK1). Mar Drugs 2022; 20:559. [PMID: 36135748 PMCID: PMC9504648 DOI: 10.3390/md20090559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play a critical role in activity-dependent dendritic arborization, spinogenesis, and synapse formation by stimulating calcium-dependent signaling pathways. Previously, we have shown that brevetoxin 2 (PbTx-2), a voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) activator, produces a concentration-dependent increase in intracellular sodium [Na+]I and increases NMDA receptor (NMDAR) open probabilities and NMDA-induced calcium (Ca2+) influxes. The objective of this study is to elucidate the downstream signaling mechanisms by which the sodium channel activator PbTx-2 influences neuronal morphology in murine cerebrocortical neurons. PbTx-2 and NMDA triggered distinct Ca2+-influx pathways, both of which involved the NMDA receptor 2B (GluN2B). PbTx-2-induced neurite outgrowth in day in vitro 1 (DIV-1) neurons required the small Rho GTPase Rac1 and was inhibited by both a PAK1 inhibitor and a PAK1 siRNA. PbTx-2 exposure increased the phosphorylation of PAK1 at Thr-212. At DIV-5, PbTx-2 induced increases in dendritic protrusion density, p-cofilin levels, and F-actin throughout the dendritic arbor and soma. Moreover, PbTx-2 increased miniature excitatory post-synaptic currents (mEPSCs). These data suggest that the stimulation of neurite outgrowth, spinogenesis, and synapse formation produced by PbTx-2 are mediated by GluN2B and PAK1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneet Mehrotra
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
- Omeros, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - Marsha L. Pierce
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Shashank M. Dravid
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Thomas F. Murray
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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