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Wang J, Zhang X, Yang H, Li S, Hu Y, Wei D, Tang Q, Yang Y, Tian S, Wang Z. Eggplant NAC domain transcription factor SmNST1 as an activator promotes secondary cell wall thickening. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:4293-4304. [PMID: 38963294 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
NAC-domain transcription factors (TFs) are plant-specific transcriptional regulators playing crucial roles in plant secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis. SCW is important for plant growth and development, maintaining plant morphology, providing rigid support, ensuring material transportation and participating in plant stress responses as a protective barrier. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying SCW in eggplant have not been thoroughly explored. In this study, the NAC domain TFs SmNST1 and SmNST2 were cloned from the eggplant line 'Sanyue qie'. SmNST1 and SmNST2 expression levels were the highest in the roots and stems. Subcellular localization analysis showed that they were localized in the cell membrane and nucleus. Their overexpression in transgenic tobacco showed that SmNST1 promotes SCW thickening. The expression of a set of SCW biosynthetic genes for cellulose, xylan and lignin, which regulate SCW formation, was increased in transgenic tobacco. Bimolecular fluorescence and luciferase complementation assays showed that SmNST1 interacted with SmNST2 in vivo. Yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that SmMYB26 directly bound to the SmNST1 promoter and acted as an activator. SmNST1 and SmNST2 interact with the SmMYB108 promoter and repress SmMYB108 expression. Altogether, we showed that SmNST1 positively regulates SCW formation, improving our understanding of SCW biosynthesis transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Huiqin Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Sirui Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Hu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Dayong Wei
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinglin Tang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Shibing Tian
- The Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Olericulture, Chongqing, China
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Saß A, Schneider R. Novel molecular insights into the machinery driving secondary cell wall synthesis and patterning. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 81:102614. [PMID: 39142254 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The essential role of water-conducting xylem tissue in plant growth and crop yield is well-established. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying xylem formation and its unique functionality, which is acquired post-mortem, remain poorly understood. Recent advancements in genetic tools and model systems have significantly enhanced the ability to microscopically study xylem development, particularly its distinctive cell wall patterning. Early molecular mechanisms enabling pattern formation have been elucidated and validated through computational models. Despite these advancements, numerous questions remain unresolved but are approachable with current methodologies. This mini-review takes in the latest research findings in xylem cell wall synthesis and patterning and highlights prospective directions for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Saß
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology Department, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - René Schneider
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology Department, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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Carrió-Seguí À, Brunot-Garau P, Úrbez C, Miskolczi P, Vera-Sirera F, Tuominen H, Agustí J. Weight-induced radial growth in plant stems depends on PIN3. Curr Biol 2024; 34:4285-4293.e3. [PMID: 39260363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
How multiple growth programs coordinate during development is a fundamental question in biology. During plant stem development, radial growth is continuously adjusted in response to longitudinal-growth-derived weight increase to guarantee stability.1,2,3 Here, we demonstrate that weight-stimulated stem radial growth depends on the auxin efflux carrier PIN3, which, upon weight increase, expands its cellular localization from the lower to the lateral sides of xylem parenchyma, phloem, procambium, and starch sheath cells, imposing a radial auxin flux that results in radial growth. Using the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) or the fluorescent endocytic tracer FM4-64, we reveal that this expansion of the PIN3 cellular localization domain occurs because weight increase breaks the balance between PIN3 biosynthesis and removal, favoring PIN3 biosynthesis. Experimentation using brefeldin A (BFA) treatments or arg1 and arl2 mutants further supports this conclusion. Analyses of CRISPR-Cas9 lines for Populus PIN3 orthologs reveals that PIN3 dependence of weight-induced radial growth is conserved at least in these woody species. Altogether, our work sheds new light on how longitudinal and radial growth coordinate during stem development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngela Carrió-Seguí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/ Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain; Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paula Brunot-Garau
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/ Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Úrbez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/ Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pál Miskolczi
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Francisco Vera-Sirera
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/ Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain
| | - Hannele Tuominen
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Javier Agustí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP), Universitat Politècnica de València, C/ Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, 46011 Valencia, Spain.
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4
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Gouran M, Brady SM. The transcriptional integration of environmental cues with root cell type development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024:kiae425. [PMID: 39288006 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Plant roots navigate the soil ecosystem with each cell type uniquely responding to environmental stimuli. Below ground, the plant's response to its surroundings is orchestrated at the cellular level, including morphological and molecular adaptations that shape root system architecture as well as tissue and organ functionality. Our understanding of the transcriptional responses at cell type resolution has been profoundly enhanced by studies of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. However, both a comprehensive view of the transcriptional basis of these cellular responses to single and combinatorial environmental cues in diverse plant species remains elusive. In this review, we highlight the ability of root cell types to undergo specific anatomical or morphological changes in response to abiotic and biotic stresses or cues and how they collectively contribute to the plant's overall physiology. We further explore interconnections between stress and the temporal nature of developmental pathways and discuss examples of how this transcriptional reprogramming influences cell type identity and function. Finally, we highlight the power of single-cell and spatial transcriptomic approaches to refine our understanding of how environmental factors fine tune root spatiotemporal development. These complex root system responses underscore the importance of spatiotemporal transcriptional mapping, with significant implications for enhanced agricultural resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Gouran
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Siobhan M Brady
- Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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5
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Gushino S, Tsai AYL, Otani M, Demura T, Sawa S. VND Genes Redundantly Regulate Cell Wall Thickening during Parasitic Nematode Infection. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:1224-1230. [PMID: 38662403 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Plant parasitic root-knot nematodes are major agricultural pests worldwide, as they infect plant roots and cause substantial damages to crop plants. Root-knot nematodes induce specialized feeding cells known as giant cells (GCs) in the root vasculature, which serve as nutrient reservoirs for the infecting nematodes. Here, we show that the cell walls of GCs thicken to form pitted patterns that superficially resemble metaxylem cells. Interestingly, VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN1 (VND1) was found to be upregulated, while the xylem-type programmed cell death marker XYLEM CYSTEINE PEPTIDASE 1 was downregulated upon nematode infection. The vnd2 and vnd3 mutants showed reduced secondary cell wall pore size, while the vnd1 vnd2 vnd3 triple mutant produced significantly fewer nematode egg masses when compared with the wild type. These results suggest that the GC development pathway likely shares common signaling modules with the metaxylem differentiation pathway and VND1, VND2, and VND3 redundantly regulate plant-nematode interaction through secondary cell wall formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Gushino
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
| | - Allen Yi-Lun Tsai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
- International Research Center for Agricultural and Environmental Biology (IRCAEB), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
| | - Misato Otani
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, 5-1-5, Kashiwa, 277-8562 Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
- International Research Center for Agricultural and Environmental Biology (IRCAEB), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku,Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
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6
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Phookaew P, Ma Y, Suzuki T, Stolze SC, Harzen A, Sano R, Nakagami H, Demura T, Ohtani M. Active protein ubiquitination regulates xylem vessel functionality. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3298-3317. [PMID: 39092875 PMCID: PMC11371170 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Xylem vessels function in the long-distance conduction of water in land plants. The NAC transcription factor VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN7 (VND7) is a master regulator of xylem vessel cell differentiation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We previously isolated suppressor of ectopic xylem vessel cell differentiation induced by VND7 (seiv) mutants. Here, we report that the responsible genes for seiv3, seiv4, seiv6, and seiv9 are protein ubiquitination-related genes encoding PLANT U-BOX46 (PUB46), an uncharacterized F-BOX protein (FBX), PUB36, and UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE1 (UBP1), respectively. We also found decreased expression of genes downstream of VND7 and abnormal xylem transport activity in the seiv mutants. Upon VND7 induction, ubiquitination levels from 492 and 180 protein groups were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. VND7 induction resulted in the ubiquitination of proteins for cell wall biosynthesis and protein transport, whereas such active protein ubiquitination did not occur in the seiv mutants. We detected the ubiquitination of three lysine residues in VND7: K94, K105, and K260. Substituting K94 with arginine significantly decreased the transactivation activity of VND7, suggesting that the ubiquitination of K94 is crucial for regulating VND7 activity. Our findings highlight the crucial roles of target protein ubiquitination in regulating xylem vessel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawittra Phookaew
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ya Ma
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Takaomi Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Sara Christina Stolze
- Protein Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Anne Harzen
- Protein Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Ryosuke Sano
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- Protein Mass Spectrometry, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | - Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Division of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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7
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Guo Y, Yao L, Chen X, Xu X, Sang YL, Liu LJ. The transcription factor PagLBD4 represses cell differentiation and secondary cell wall biosynthesis in Populus. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 214:108924. [PMID: 38991593 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
LBD (LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN) transcription factors are key regulators of plant growth and development. In this study, we functionally characterized the PagLBD4 gene in Populus (Populus alba × Populus glandulosa). Overexpression of PagLBD4 (PagLBD4OE) significantly repressed secondary xylem differentiation and secondary cell wall (SCW) deposition, while CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PagLBD4 knockout (PagLBD4KO) significantly increased secondary xylem differentiation and SCW deposition. Consistent with the functional analysis, gene expression analysis revealed that SCW biosynthesis pathways were significantly down-regulated in PagLBD4OE plants but up-regulated in PagLBD4KO plants. We also performed DNA affinity purification followed by sequencing (DAP-seq) to identify genes bound by PagLBD4. Integration of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and DAP-seq data identified 263 putative direct target genes (DTGs) of PagLBD4, including important regulatory genes for SCW biosynthesis, such as PagMYB103 and PagIRX12. Together, our results demonstrated that PagLBD4 is a repressor of secondary xylem differentiation and SCW biosynthesis in Populus, which possibly lead to the dramatic growth repression in PagLBD4OE plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in downstream areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Lijuan Yao
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in downstream areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xiaoman Chen
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in downstream areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xiaoqi Xu
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in downstream areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Ya Lin Sang
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in downstream areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Li-Jun Liu
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in downstream areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
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8
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Xue JS, Feng YF, Zhang MQ, Xu QL, Xu YM, Shi JQ, Liu LF, Wu XF, Wang S, Yang ZN. The regulatory mechanism of rapid lignification for timely anther dehiscence. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:1788-1800. [PMID: 38888227 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Anther dehiscence is a crucial event in plant reproduction, tightly regulated and dependent on the lignification of the anther endothecium. In this study, we investigated the rapid lignification process that ensures timely anther dehiscence in Arabidopsis. Our findings reveal that endothecium lignification can be divided into two distinct phases. During Phase I, lignin precursors are synthesized without polymerization, while Phase II involves simultaneous synthesis of lignin precursors and polymerization. The transcription factors MYB26, NST1/2, and ARF17 specifically regulate the pathway responsible for the synthesis and polymerization of lignin monomers in Phase II. MYB26-NST1/2 is the key regulatory pathway responsible for endothecium lignification, while ARF17 facilitates this process by interacting with MYB26. Interestingly, our results demonstrate that the lignification of the endothecium, which occurs within approximately 26 h, is much faster than that of the vascular tissue. These findings provide valuable insights into the regulation mechanism of rapid lignification in the endothecium, which enables timely anther dehiscence and successful pollen release during plant reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Shi Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Yi-Feng Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ming-Qi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Qin-Lin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Ya-Min Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jun-Qin Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Li-Fang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Shui Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Zhong-Nan Yang
- Development Center of Plant Germplasm Resources, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
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9
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Hunziker P, Greb T. Stem Cells and Differentiation in Vascular Tissues. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:399-425. [PMID: 38382908 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070523-040525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Plant vascular tissues are crucial for the long-distance transport of water, nutrients, and a multitude of signal molecules throughout the plant body and, therefore, central to plant growth and development. The intricate development of vascular tissues is orchestrated by unique populations of dedicated stem cells integrating endogenous as well as environmental cues. This review summarizes our current understanding of vascular-related stem cell biology and of vascular tissue differentiation. We present an overview of the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing the maintenance and fate determination of vascular stem cells and highlight the interplay between intrinsic and external cues. In this context, we emphasize the role of transcription factors, hormonal signaling, and epigenetic modifications. We also discuss emerging technologies and the large repertoire of cell types associated with vascular tissues, which have the potential to provide unprecedented insights into cellular specialization and anatomical adaptations to distinct ecological niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Hunziker
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; ,
| | - Thomas Greb
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; ,
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10
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Cook R, Froehlich JE, Yang Y, Korkmaz I, Kramer DM, Benning C. Chloroplast phosphatases LPPγ and LPPε1 facilitate conversion of extraplastidic phospholipids to galactolipids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1506-1520. [PMID: 38401529 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Galactolipids comprise the majority of chloroplast membranes in plants, and their biosynthesis requires dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid at the chloroplast envelope membranes. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the lipid phosphate phosphatases LPPγ, LPPε1, and LPPε2 have been previously implicated in chloroplast lipid assembly, with LPPγ being essential, as null mutants were reported to exhibit embryo lethality. Here, we show that lppγ mutants are in fact viable and that LPPγ, LPPε1, and LPPε2 do not appear to have central roles in the plastid pathway of membrane lipid biosynthesis. Redundant LPPγ and LPPε1 activity at the outer envelope membrane is important for plant development, and the respective lppγ lppε1 double mutant exhibits reduced flux through the ER pathway of galactolipid synthesis. While LPPε2 is imported and associated with interior chloroplast membranes, its role remains elusive and does not include basal nor phosphate limitation-induced biosynthesis of glycolipids. The specific physiological roles of LPPγ, LPPε1, and LPPε2 are yet to be uncovered, as does the identity of the phosphatidic acid phosphatase required for plastid galactolipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron Cook
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - John E Froehlich
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ilayda Korkmaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - David M Kramer
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Christoph Benning
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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11
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Rodriguez-Zaccaro FD, Lieberman M, Groover A. A systems genetic analysis identifies putative mechanisms and candidate genes regulating vessel traits in poplar wood. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1375506. [PMID: 38867883 PMCID: PMC11167656 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1375506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Wood is the water conducting tissue of tree stems. Like most angiosperm trees, poplar wood contains water-conducting vessel elements whose functional properties affect water transport and growth rates, as well as susceptibility to embolism and hydraulic failure during water stress and drought. Here we used a unique hybrid poplar pedigree carrying genomically characterized chromosomal insertions and deletions to undertake a systems genomics analysis of vessel traits. We assayed gene expression in wood forming tissues from clonal replicates of genotypes covering dosage quantitative trait loci with insertions and deletions, genotypes with extreme vessel trait phenotypes, and control genotypes. A gene co-expression analysis was used to assign genes to modules, which were then used in integrative analyses to identify modules associated with traits, to identify putative molecular and cellular processes associated with each module, and finally to identify candidate genes using multiple criteria including dosage responsiveness. These analyses identified known processes associated with vessel traits including stress response, abscisic acid and cell wall biosynthesis, and in addition identified previously unexplored processes including cell cycle and protein ubiquitination. We discuss our findings relative to component processes contributing to vessel trait variation including signaling, cell cycle, cell expansion, and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meric Lieberman
- University of California Davis, Genome Center, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Groover
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, CA, United States
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Burlington, VT, United States
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12
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Ohashi-Ito K, Iwamoto K, Fukuda H. LONESOME HIGHWAY-TARGET OF MONOPTEROS5 transcription factor complex promotes a predifferentiation state for xylem vessel differentiation in the root apical meristem by inducing the expression of VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN genes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1146-1155. [PMID: 38462819 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, heterodimers comprising two bHLH family proteins, LONESOME HIGHWAY (LHW) and TARGET OF MONOPTEROS5 (TMO5) or its homolog TMO5-LIKE 1 (T5L1) control vascular development in the root apical meristem (RAM). The LHW-TMO5/T5L1 complex regulates vascular cell proliferation, vascular pattern organization, and xylem vessel differentiation; however, the mechanism of preparation for xylem vessel differentiation in the RAM remains elusive. We examined the relationship between LHW-T5L1 and VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN (VND) genes, which are key regulators of vessel differentiation, using reverse genetics approaches. LHW-T5L1 upregulated the expression of VND1, VND2, VND3, VND6, and VND7 but not that of other VNDs. The expression of VND1-VND3 in the RAM was decreased in lhw. In vnd1 vnd2 vnd3 triple loss-of-function mutant roots, metaxylem differentiation was delayed, and VND6 and VND7 expression was reduced. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis of VND1-overexpressing cells revealed that VND1 upregulates genes involved in the synthesis of secondary cell wall components. These results suggest that LHW-T5L1 upregulates VND1-VND3 at the early stages of vascular development in the RAM, and VNDs promote a predifferentiation state for xylem vessels by triggering low levels of VND6 and VND7 as well as genes for the synthesis of secondary cell wall materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ohashi-Ito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kuninori Iwamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroo Fukuda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Akita Prefectural University, Akita, 010-0195, Japan
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13
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Aliaga Fandino AC, Jelínková A, Marhava P, Petrášek J, Hardtke CS. Ectopic assembly of an auxin efflux control machinery shifts developmental trajectories. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1791-1805. [PMID: 38267818 PMCID: PMC11062438 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Polar auxin transport in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root tip maintains high auxin levels around the stem cell niche that gradually decrease in dividing cells but increase again once they transition toward differentiation. Protophloem differentiates earlier than other proximal tissues and employs a unique auxin "canalization" machinery that is thought to balance auxin efflux with retention. It consists of a proposed activator of PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers, the cAMP-, cGMP- and Calcium-dependent (AGC) kinase PROTEIN KINASE ASSOCIATED WITH BRX (PAX); its inhibitor, BREVIS RADIX (BRX); and PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-4-PHOSPHATE-5-KINASE (PIP5K) enzymes, which promote polar PAX and BRX localization. Because of a dynamic PAX-BRX-PIP5K interplay, the net cellular output of this machinery remains unclear. In this study, we deciphered the dosage-sensitive regulatory interactions among PAX, BRX, and PIP5K by their ectopic expression in developing xylem vessels. The data suggest that the dominant collective output of the PAX-BRX-PIP5K module is a localized reduction in PIN abundance. This requires PAX-stimulated clathrin-mediated PIN endocytosis upon site-specific phosphorylation, which distinguishes PAX from other AGC kinases. An ectopic assembly of the PAX-BRX-PIP5K module is sufficient to cause cellular auxin retention and affects root growth vigor by accelerating the trajectory of xylem vessel development. Our data thus provide direct evidence that local manipulation of auxin efflux alters the timing of cellular differentiation in the root.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Jelínková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Marhava
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 165 02, Czech Republic
| | - Christian S Hardtke
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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14
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Li J, Ren J, Lei X, Fan W, Tang L, Zhang Q, Bao Z, Zhou W, Bai J, Zhang Y, Gong C. CsREV-CsTCP4-CsVND7 module shapes xylem patterns differentially between stem and leaf to enhance tea plant tolerance to drought. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113987. [PMID: 38517888 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cultivating drought-tolerant tea varieties enhances both yield and quality of tea plants in northern China. However, the mechanisms underlying their drought tolerance remain largely unknown. Here we identified a key regulator called CsREV, which differentially regulates xylem patterns between leaves and stems, thereby conferring drought tolerance in tea plants. When drought occurs, upregulation of CsREV activates the CsVND7a-dependent xylem vessel differentiation. However, when drought persists, the vessel differentiation is hindered as CsVND7a is downregulated by CsTCP4a. This, combined with the CsREV-promoted secondary-cell-wall thickness of xylem vessel, leads to the enhanced curling of leaves, a characteristic closely associated with plant drought tolerance. Notably, this inhibitory effect of CsTCP4a on CsVND7a expression is absent in stems, allowing stem xylem vessels to continuously differentiate. Overall, the CsREV-CsTCP4-CsVND7 module is differentially utilized to shape the xylem patterns in leaves and stems, potentially balancing water transportation and utilization to improve tea plant drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jiejie Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xingyu Lei
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenmin Fan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lei Tang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhulatai Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenfei Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Juan Bai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuzhou Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Chunmei Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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15
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Ezaki K, Koga H, Takeda-Kamiya N, Toyooka K, Higaki T, Sakamoto S, Tsukaya H. Precocious cell differentiation occurs in proliferating cells in leaf primordia in Arabidopsis angustifolia3 mutant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1322223. [PMID: 38689848 PMCID: PMC11058843 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1322223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
During leaf development, the timing of transition from cell proliferation to expansion is an important factor in determining the final organ size. However, the regulatory system involved in this transition remains less understood. To get an insight into this system, we investigated the compensation phenomenon, in which the cell number decreases while the cell size increases in organs with determinate growth. Compensation is observed in several plant species suggesting coordination between cell proliferation and expansion. In this study, we examined an Arabidopsis mutant of ANGUSTIFOLIA 3 (AN3)/GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR 1, a positive regulator of cell proliferation, which exhibits the compensation. Though the AN3 role has been extensively investigated, the mechanism underlying excess cell expansion in the an3 mutant remains unknown. Focusing on the early stage of leaf development, we performed kinematic, cytological, biochemical, and transcriptome analyses, and found that the cell size had already increased during the proliferation phase, with active cell proliferation in the an3 mutant. Moreover, at this stage, chloroplasts, vacuoles, and xylem cells developed earlier than in the wild-type cells. Transcriptome data showed that photosynthetic activity and secondary cell wall biosynthesis were activated in an3 proliferating cells. These results indicated that precocious cell differentiation occurs in an3 cells. Therefore, we suggest a novel AN3 role in the suppression of cell expansion/differentiation during the cell proliferation phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazune Ezaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Takeda-Kamiya
- Technology Platform Division, Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- Technology Platform Division, Mass Spectrometry and Microscopy Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shingo Sakamoto
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Vishal B, Krishnamurthy P, Kumar PP. Arabidopsis class II TPS controls root development and confers salt stress tolerance through enhanced hydrophobic barrier deposition. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:115. [PMID: 38613634 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The mechanism of conferring salt tolerance by AtTPS9 involves enhanced deposition of suberin lamellae in the Arabidopsis root endodermis, resulting in reduction of Na+ transported to the leaves. Members of the class I trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) enzymes are known to play an important role in plant growth and development in Arabidopsis. However, class II TPSs and their functions in salinity stress tolerance are not well studied. We characterized the function of a class II TPS gene, AtTPS9, to understand its role in salt stress response and root development in Arabidopsis. The attps9 mutant exhibited significant reduction of soluble sugar levels in the leaves and formation of suberin lamellae (SL) in the endodermis of roots compared to the wild type (WT). The reduction in SL deposition (hydrophobic barriers) leads to increased apoplastic xylem loading, resulting in enhanced Na+ content in the plants, which explains salt sensitivity of the mutant plants. Conversely, AtTPS9 overexpression lines exhibited increased SL deposition in the root endodermis along with increased salt tolerance, showing that regulation of SL deposition is one of the mechanisms of action of AtTPS9 in conferring salt tolerance to Arabidopsis plants. Our data showed that besides salt tolerance, AtTPS9 also regulates seed germination and root development. qRT-PCR analyses showed significant downregulation of selected SNF1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE2 genes (SnRK2s) and ABA-responsive genes in the mutant, suggesting that AtTPS9 may regulate the ABA-signaling intermediates as part of the mechanism conferring salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan Vishal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Queenstown, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, Queenstown, 117456, Singapore
| | - Pannaga Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Queenstown, 117543, Singapore
| | - Prakash P Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Centre on Sustainable Urban Farming, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Queenstown, 117543, Singapore.
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17
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Wang D, Quan M, Qin S, Fang Y, Xiao L, Qi W, Jiang Y, Zhou J, Gu M, Guan Y, Du Q, Liu Q, El‐Kassaby YA, Zhang D. Allelic variations of WAK106-E2Fa-DPb1-UGT74E2 module regulate fibre properties in Populus tomentosa. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:970-986. [PMID: 37988335 PMCID: PMC10955495 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Wood formation, intricately linked to the carbohydrate metabolism pathway, underpins the capacity of trees to produce renewable resources and offer vital ecosystem services. Despite their importance, the genetic regulatory mechanisms governing wood fibre properties in woody plants remain enigmatic. In this study, we identified a pivotal module comprising 158 high-priority core genes implicated in wood formation, drawing upon tissue-specific gene expression profiles from 22 Populus samples. Initially, we conducted a module-based association study in a natural population of 435 Populus tomentosa, pinpointing PtoDPb1 as the key gene contributing to wood formation through the carbohydrate metabolic pathway. Overexpressing PtoDPb1 led to a 52.91% surge in cellulose content, a reduction of 14.34% in fibre length, and an increment of 38.21% in fibre width in transgenic poplar. Moreover, by integrating co-expression patterns, RNA-sequencing analysis, and expression quantitative trait nucleotide (eQTN) mapping, we identified a PtoDPb1-mediated genetic module of PtoWAK106-PtoDPb1-PtoE2Fa-PtoUGT74E2 responsible for fibre properties in Populus. Additionally, we discovered the two PtoDPb1 haplotypes that influenced protein interaction efficiency between PtoE2Fa-PtoDPb1 and PtoDPb1-PtoWAK106, respectively. The transcriptional activation activity of the PtoE2Fa-PtoDPb1 haplotype-1 complex on the promoter of PtoUGT74E2 surpassed that of the PtoE2Fa-PtoDPb1 haplotype-2 complex. Taken together, our findings provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of fibre properties in Populus, orchestrated by PtoDPb1, and offer a practical module for expediting genetic breeding in woody plants via molecular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mingyang Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shitong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Liang Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Weina Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yongsen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jiaxuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mingyue Gu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yicen Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qingzhang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture and FoodBlack MountainCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Yousry A. El‐Kassaby
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Forest Sciences CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Deqiang Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, College of Biological Sciences and TechnologyBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina
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18
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Zhang L, Zhou Y, Zhang B. Xylan-directed cell wall assembly in grasses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2197-2207. [PMID: 38095432 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Xylan is the most abundant hemicellulosic polysaccharide in the cell walls of grasses and is pivotal for the assembly of distinct cell wall structures that govern various cellular functions. Xylan also plays a crucial role in regulating biomass recalcitrance, ultimately affecting the utilization potential of lignocellulosic materials. Over the past decades, our understanding of the xylan biosynthetic machinery and cell wall organization has substantially improved due to the innovative application of multiple state-of-the-art techniques. Notably, novel xylan-based nanostructures have been revealed in the cell walls of xylem vessels, promoting a more extensive exploration of the role of xylan in the formation of cell wall structures. This Update summarizes recent achievements in understanding xylan biosynthesis, modification, modeling, and compartmentalization in grasses, providing a brief overview of cell wall assembly regarding xylan. We also discuss the potential for tailoring xylan to facilitate the breeding of elite energy and feed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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Zhu Y, Guo J, Wu F, Yu H, Min J, Zhao Y, Tan C, Liu Y, Xu C. Exogenous Melatonin Application Accelerated the Healing Process of Oriental Melon Grafted onto Squash by Promoting Lignin Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3690. [PMID: 38612499 PMCID: PMC11011509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is a vital hormone factor in plant growth and development, yet its potential to influence the graft union healing process has not been reported. In this study, we examined the effects of MT on the healing of oriental melon scion grafted onto squash rootstock. The studies indicate that the exogenous MT treatment promotes the lignin content of oriental melon and squash stems by increasing the enzyme activities of hydroxycinnamoyl CoA ligase (HCT), hydroxy cinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase (HCALDH), caffeic acid/5-hydroxy-conifer aldehyde O-methyltransferase (COMT), caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-hydroxycinnamate CoA ligase (4CL), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD). Using the oriental melon and squash treated with the exogenous MT to graft, the connection of oriental melon scion and squash rootstock was more efficient and faster due to higher expression of wound-induced dedifferentiation 1 (WIND1), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKB1;2), target of monopteros 6 (TMO6), and vascular-related NAC-domain 7 (VND7). Further research found that the exogenous MT increased the lignin content of the oriental melon scion stem by regulating CmCAD1 expression, and then accelerated the graft healing process. In addition, the root growth of grafted seedlings treated with the exogenous MT was more vigorous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jieying Guo
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Fang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hanqi Yu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jiahuan Min
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yingtong Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Changhua Tan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Equipment (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuanwei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Chuanqiang Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Equipment (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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20
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Uddin N, Li X, Ullah MW, Sethupathy S, Ma K, Zahoor, Elboughdiri N, Khan KA, Zhu D. Lignin developmental patterns and Casparian strip as apoplastic barriers: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129595. [PMID: 38253138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Lignin and Casparian strips are two essential components of plant cells that play critical roles in plant development regulate nutrients and water across the plants cell. Recent studies have extensively investigated lignin diversity and Casparian strip formation, providing valuable insights into plant physiology. This review presents the established lignin biosynthesis pathway, as well as the developmental patterns of lignin and Casparian strip and transcriptional network associated with Casparian strip formation. It describes the biochemical and genetic mechanisms that regulate lignin biosynthesis and deposition in different plants cell types and tissues. Additionally, the review highlights recent studies that have uncovered novel lignin biosynthesis genes and enzymatic pathways, expanding our understanding of lignin diversity. This review also discusses the developmental patterns of Casparian strip in roots and their role in regulating nutrient and water transport, focusing on recent genetic and molecular studies that have identified regulators of Casparian strip formation. Previous research has shown that lignin biosynthesis genes also play a role in Casparian strip formation, suggesting that these processes are interconnected. In conclusion, this comprehensive overview provides insights into the developmental patterns of lignin diversity and Casparian strip as apoplastic barriers. It also identifies future research directions, including the functional characterization of novel lignin biosynthesis genes and the identification of additional regulators of Casparian strip formation. Overall, this review enhances our understanding of the complex and interconnected processes that drive plant growth, pathogen defense, regulation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Uddin
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xia Li
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Sivasamy Sethupathy
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Keyu Ma
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zahoor
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Noureddine Elboughdiri
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81441, Saudi Arabia; Chemical Engineering Process Department, National School of Engineers Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes 6029, Tunisia
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Applied College, Mahala Campus and the Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production/Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daochen Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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21
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Zhu Y, Li L. Wood of trees: Cellular structure, molecular formation, and genetic engineering. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:443-467. [PMID: 38032010 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Wood is an invaluable asset to human society due to its renewable nature, making it suitable for both sustainable energy production and material manufacturing. Additionally, wood derived from forest trees plays a crucial role in sequestering a significant portion of the carbon dioxide fixed during photosynthesis by terrestrial plants. Nevertheless, with the expansion of the global population and ongoing industrialization, forest coverage has been substantially decreased, resulting in significant challenges for wood production and supply. Wood production practices have changed away from natural forests toward plantation forests. Thus, understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms of wood formation is the foundation for developing high-quality, fast-growing plantation trees. Breeding ideal forest trees for wood production using genetic technologies has attracted the interest of many. Tremendous studies have been carried out in recent years on the molecular, genetic, and cell-biological mechanisms of wood formation, and considerable progress and findings have been achieved. These studies and findings indicate enormous possibilities and prospects for tree improvement. This review will outline and assess the cellular and molecular mechanisms of wood formation, as well as studies on genetically improving forest trees, and address future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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22
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Zhang R, Li B, Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Li L. An essential role for mannan degradation in both cell growth and secondary cell wall formation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1407-1420. [PMID: 37978883 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Coordination of secondary cell wall deposition and cell expansion during plant growth is required for cell development, particularly in vascular tissues. Yet the fundamental coordination process has received little attention. We observed that the Arabidopsis endo-1,4-mannanase gene, AtMAN6, is involved in the formation of cell walls in vascular tissues. In the inflorescence stem, the man6 mutant had smaller vessel cells with thicker secondary cell walls and shorter fiber cells. Elongation growth was reduced in the root, and secondary cell wall deposition in vessel cells occurred early. Overexpression of AtMAN6 resulted in the inverse phenotypes of the man6 mutant. AtMAN6 was discovered on the plasma membrane and was specifically expressed in vessel cells during its early development. The AtMAN6 protein degraded galactoglucomannan to produce oligosaccharides, which caused secondary cell wall deposition in vessel and fiber cells to be suppressed. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the expression of genes involved in the regulation of secondary cell wall synthesis was changed in both man6 mutant and AtMAN6 overexpression plants. AtMAN6's C-terminal cysteine repeat motif (CCRM) was found to facilitate homodimerization and is required for its activity. According to the findings, the oligosaccharides produced by AtMAN6 hydrolysis may act as a signal to mediate this coordination between cell growth and secondary cell wall deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunjun Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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23
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Lu YT, Loue-Manifel J, Bollier N, Gadient P, De Winter F, Carella P, Hoguin A, Grey-Switzman S, Marnas H, Simon F, Copin A, Fischer S, de Leau E, Schornack S, Nishihama R, Kohchi T, Depège Fargeix N, Ingram G, Nowack MK, Goodrich J. Convergent evolution of water-conducting cells in Marchantia recruited the ZHOUPI gene promoting cell wall reinforcement and programmed cell death. Curr Biol 2024; 34:793-807.e7. [PMID: 38295796 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A key adaptation of plants to life on land is the formation of water-conducting cells (WCCs) for efficient long-distance water transport. Based on morphological analyses it is thought that WCCs have evolved independently on multiple occasions. For example, WCCs have been lost in all but a few lineages of bryophytes but, strikingly, within the liverworts a derived group, the complex thalloids, has evolved a novel externalized water-conducting tissue composed of reinforced, hollow cells termed pegged rhizoids. Here, we show that pegged rhizoid differentiation in Marchantia polymorpha is controlled by orthologs of the ZHOUPI and ICE bHLH transcription factors required for endosperm cell death in Arabidopsis seeds. By contrast, pegged rhizoid development was not affected by disruption of MpNAC5, the Marchantia ortholog of the VND genes that control WCC formation in flowering plants. We characterize the rapid, genetically controlled programmed cell death process that pegged rhizoids undergo to terminate cellular differentiation and identify a corresponding upregulation of conserved putative plant cell death effector genes. Lastly, we show that ectopic expression of MpZOU1 increases production of pegged rhizoids and enhances drought tolerance. Our results support that pegged rhizoids evolved independently of other WCCs. We suggest that elements of the genetic control of developmental cell death are conserved throughout land plants and that the ZHOUPI/ICE regulatory module has been independently recruited to promote cell wall modification and programmed cell death in liverwort rhizoids and in the endosperm of flowering plant seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ting Lu
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Jeanne Loue-Manifel
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon 69342, France
| | | | - Philippe Gadient
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | | | - Philip Carella
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Antoine Hoguin
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Shona Grey-Switzman
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Hugo Marnas
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Francois Simon
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Alice Copin
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Shelby Fischer
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Erica de Leau
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Sebastian Schornack
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Bateman Street, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Nathalie Depège Fargeix
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon 69342, France
| | - Gwyneth Ingram
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, University of Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon 69342, France
| | - Moritz K Nowack
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Justin Goodrich
- Institute of Molecular Plant Science, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
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24
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Xue X, Wang L, Huang A, Liu Z, Guo X, Sang Y, Zhu JK, Xue H, Dong J. Membrane-associated NRPM proteins are novel suppressors of stomatal production in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 2024; 34:881-894.e7. [PMID: 38350447 PMCID: PMC10939298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, stomatal development and patterning require tightly regulated cell division and cell-fate differentiation that are controlled by key transcription factors and signaling molecules. To identify new regulators of stomatal development, we assay the transcriptomes of plants bearing enriched stomatal lineage cells that undergo active division. A member of the novel regulators at the plasma membrane (NRPM) family annotated as hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins was identified to highly express in stomatal lineage cells. Overexpressing each of the four NRPM genes suppressed stomata formation, while the loss-of-function nrpm triple mutants generated severely overproduced stomata and abnormal patterning, mirroring those of the erecta receptor family and MAPKKK yoda null mutants. Manipulation of the subcellular localization of NRPM1 surprisingly revealed its regulatory roles as a peripheral membrane protein instead of a predicted cell wall protein. Further functional characterization suggests that NRPMs function downstream of the EPF1/2 peptide ligands and upstream of the YODA MAPK pathway. Genetic and cell biological analyses reveal that NRPM may promote the localization and function of the ERECTA receptor proteins at the cell surface. Therefore, we identify NRPM as a new class of signaling molecules at the plasma membrane to regulate many aspects of plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyi Xue
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572025, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Aobo Huang
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zehao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Yuying Sang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Huiling Xue
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Juan Dong
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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25
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Yu J, Gao B, Li D, Li S, Chiang VL, Li W, Zhou C. Ectopic Expression of PtrLBD39 Retarded Primary and Secondary Growth in Populus trichocarpa. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2205. [PMID: 38396881 PMCID: PMC10889148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary and secondary growth of trees are needed for increments in plant height and stem diameter, respectively, affecting the production of woody biomass for applications in timber, pulp/paper, and related biomaterials. These two types of growth are believed to be both regulated by distinct transcription factor (TF)-mediated regulatory pathways. Notably, we identified PtrLBD39, a highly stem phloem-specific TF in Populus trichocarpa and found that the ectopic expression of PtrLBD39 in P. trichocarpa markedly retarded both primary and secondary growth. In these overexpressing plants, the RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that PtrLBD39 directly or indirectly regulates TFs governing vascular tissue development, wood formation, hormonal signaling pathways, and enzymes responsible for wood components. This regulation led to growth inhibition, decreased fibrocyte secondary cell wall thickness, and reduced wood production. Therefore, our study indicates that, following ectopic expression in P. trichocarpa, PtrLBD39 functions as a repressor influencing both primary and secondary growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (B.G.); (D.L.); (S.L.); (V.L.C.); (W.L.)
| | - Boyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (B.G.); (D.L.); (S.L.); (V.L.C.); (W.L.)
| | - Danning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (B.G.); (D.L.); (S.L.); (V.L.C.); (W.L.)
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (B.G.); (D.L.); (S.L.); (V.L.C.); (W.L.)
| | - Vincent L. Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (B.G.); (D.L.); (S.L.); (V.L.C.); (W.L.)
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (B.G.); (D.L.); (S.L.); (V.L.C.); (W.L.)
| | - Chenguang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; (J.Y.); (B.G.); (D.L.); (S.L.); (V.L.C.); (W.L.)
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26
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He Z, Lan Y, Zhou X, Yu B, Zhu T, Yang F, Fu LY, Chao H, Wang J, Feng RX, Zuo S, Lan W, Chen C, Chen M, Zhao X, Hu K, Chen D. Single-cell transcriptome analysis dissects lncRNA-associated gene networks in Arabidopsis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100717. [PMID: 37715446 PMCID: PMC10873878 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The plant genome produces an extremely large collection of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are generally expressed in a context-specific manner and have pivotal roles in regulation of diverse biological processes. Here, we mapped the transcriptional heterogeneity of lncRNAs and their associated gene regulatory networks at single-cell resolution. We generated a comprehensive cell atlas at the whole-organism level by integrative analysis of 28 published single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets from juvenile Arabidopsis seedlings. We then provided an in-depth analysis of cell-type-related lncRNA signatures that show expression patterns consistent with canonical protein-coding gene markers. We further demonstrated that the cell-type-specific expression of lncRNAs largely explains their tissue specificity. In addition, we predicted gene regulatory networks on the basis of motif enrichment and co-expression analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs, and we identified putative transcription factors orchestrating cell-type-specific expression of lncRNAs. The analysis results are available at the single-cell-based plant lncRNA atlas database (scPLAD; https://biobigdata.nju.edu.cn/scPLAD/). Overall, this work demonstrates the power of integrative single-cell data analysis applied to plant lncRNA biology and provides fundamental insights into lncRNA expression specificity and associated gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yangming Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinkai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bianjiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fa Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liang-Yu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haoyu Chao
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Rong-Xu Feng
- Zhejiang Zhoushan High School, Zhoushan 316099, China
| | - Shimin Zuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Wenzhi Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Fruit and Vegetable Horticultural Crops, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Keming Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Dijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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27
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Im JH, Son S, Kim WC, Kim K, Mitsuda N, Ko JH, Han KH. Jasmonate activates secondary cell wall biosynthesis through MYC2-MYB46 module. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1099-1114. [PMID: 37983636 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Formation of secondary cell wall (SCW) is tightly regulated spatiotemporally by various developmental and environmental signals. Successful fine-tuning of the trade-off between SCW biosynthesis and stress responses requires a better understanding of how plant growth is regulated under environmental stress conditions. However, the current understanding of the interplay between environmental signaling and SCW formation is limited. The lipid-derived plant hormone jasmonate (JA) and its derivatives are important signaling components involved in various physiological processes including plant growth, development, and abiotic/biotic stress responses. Recent studies suggest that JA is involved in SCW formation but the signaling pathway has not been studied for how JA regulates SCW formation. We tested this hypothesis using the transcription factor MYB46, a master switch for SCW biosynthesis, and JA treatments. Both the transcript and protein levels of MYB46, a master switch for SCW formation, were significantly increased by JA treatment, resulting in the upregulation of SCW biosynthesis. We then show that this JA-induced upregulation of MYB46 is mediated by MYC2, a central regulator of JA signaling, which binds to the promoter of MYB46. We conclude that this MYC2-MYB46 module is a key component of the plant response to JA in SCW formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hee Im
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Science Education, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Son
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Chan Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihwan Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Jae-Heung Ko
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Han
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
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28
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Higa T, Kijima ST, Sasaki T, Takatani S, Asano R, Kondo Y, Wakazaki M, Sato M, Toyooka K, Demura T, Fukuda H, Oda Y. Microtubule-associated phase separation of MIDD1 tunes cell wall spacing in xylem vessels in Arabidopsis thaliana. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:100-117. [PMID: 38172572 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Properly patterned cell walls specify cellular functions in plants. Differentiating protoxylem and metaxylem vessel cells exhibit thick secondary cell walls in striped and pitted patterns, respectively. Cortical microtubules are arranged in distinct patterns to direct cell wall deposition. The scaffold protein MIDD1 promotes microtubule depletion by interacting with ROP GTPases and KINESIN-13A in metaxylem vessels. Here we show that the phase separation of MIDD1 fine-tunes cell wall spacing in protoxylem vessels in Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared with wild-type, midd1 mutants exhibited narrower gaps and smaller pits in the secondary cell walls of protoxylem and metaxylem vessel cells, respectively. Live imaging of ectopically induced protoxylem vessels revealed that MIDD1 forms condensations along the depolymerizing microtubules, which in turn caused massive catastrophe of microtubules. The MIDD1 condensates exhibited rapid turnover and were susceptible to 1,6-hexanediol. Loss of ROP abolished the condensation of MIDD1 and resulted in narrow cell wall gaps in protoxylem vessels. These results suggest that the microtubule-associated phase separation of MIDD1 facilitates microtubule arrangement to regulate the size of gaps in secondary cell walls. This study reveals a new biological role of phase separation in the fine-tuning of cell wall patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Higa
- Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Japan
| | - Saku T Kijima
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- Plant Gene Regulation Research Group, Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takema Sasaki
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shogo Takatani
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Asano
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yohei Kondo
- Quantitative Biology Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Division of Quantitative Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Mayumi Wakazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Taku Demura
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Hiroo Fukuda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kameoka, Japan
- Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Oda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
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29
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Ménard D, Serk H, Decou R, Pesquet E. Inducible Pluripotent Suspension Cell Cultures (iPSCs) to Study Plant Cell Differentiation. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2722:171-200. [PMID: 37897608 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3477-6_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Inducing the differentiation of specific cell type(s) synchronously and on-demand is a great experimental system to understand the sequential progression of the cellular processes, their timing and their resulting properties for distinct isolated plant cells independently of their tissue context. The inducible differentiation in cell suspension cultures, moreover, enables to obtain large quantities of distinct cell types at specific development stage, which is not possible when using whole plants. The differentiation of tracheary elements (TEs) - the cell type responsible for the hydro-mineral sap conduction and skeletal support of plants in xylem tissues - has been the most studied using inducible cell suspension cultures. We herein describe how to establish and use inducible pluripotent suspension cell cultures (iPSCs) in Arabidopsis thaliana to trigger on-demand different cell types, such as TEs or mesophyll cells. We, moreover, describe the methods to establish, monitor, and modify the sequence, duration, and properties of differentiated cells using iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Ménard
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Serk
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Raphael Decou
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Edouard Pesquet
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences (DEEP), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Umeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC), Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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30
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Li W, Lin YCJ, Chen YL, Zhou C, Li S, De Ridder N, Oliveira DM, Zhang L, Zhang B, Wang JP, Xu C, Fu X, Luo K, Wu AM, Demura T, Lu MZ, Zhou Y, Li L, Umezawa T, Boerjan W, Chiang VL. Woody plant cell walls: Fundamentals and utilization. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:112-140. [PMID: 38102833 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls in plants, particularly forest trees, are the major carbon sink of the terrestrial ecosystem. Chemical and biosynthetic features of plant cell walls were revealed early on, focusing mostly on herbaceous model species. Recent developments in genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, transgenesis, and associated analytical techniques are enabling novel insights into formation of woody cell walls. Here, we review multilevel regulation of cell wall biosynthesis in forest tree species. We highlight current approaches to engineering cell walls as potential feedstock for materials and energy and survey reported field tests of such engineered transgenic trees. We outline opportunities and challenges in future research to better understand cell type biogenesis for more efficient wood cell wall modification and utilization for biomaterials or for enhanced carbon capture and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | | | - Ying-Lan Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, China
| | - Chenguang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Nette De Ridder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dyoni M Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baocai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jack P Wang
- Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Changzheng Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaokang Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ai-Min Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architectures, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Taku Demura
- Center for Digital Green-innovation, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Meng-Zhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yihua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Science of Forest Plants and Microorganisms, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vincent L Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Forest Biotechnology Group, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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31
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Chen L, Liu L, Yang G, Li X, Dai X, Xue L, Yin T. Expression Quantitative Trait Locus of Wood Formation-Related Genes in Salix suchowensis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:247. [PMID: 38203430 PMCID: PMC10778782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Shrub willows are widely planted for landscaping, soil remediation, and biomass production, due to their rapid growth rates. Identification of regulatory genes in wood formation would provide clues for genetic engineering of willows for improved growth traits on marginal lands. Here, we conducted an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis, using a full sibling F1 population of Salix suchowensis, to explore the genetic mechanisms underlying wood formation. Based on variants identified from simplified genome sequencing and gene expression data from RNA sequencing, 16,487 eQTL blocks controlling 5505 genes were identified, including 2148 cis-eQTLs and 16,480 trans-eQTLs. eQTL hotspots were identified, based on eQTL frequency in genomic windows, revealing one hotspot controlling genes involved in wood formation regulation. Regulatory networks were further constructed, resulting in the identification of key regulatory genes, including three transcription factors (JAZ1, HAT22, MYB36) and CLV1, BAM1, CYCB2;4, CDKB2;1, associated with the proliferation and differentiation activity of cambium cells. The enrichment of genes in plant hormone pathways indicates their critical roles in the regulation of wood formation. Our analyses provide a significant groundwork for a comprehensive understanding of the regulatory network of wood formation in S. suchowensis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Liangjiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Poplar Germplasm Enhancement and Variety Improvement, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Tongming Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Poplar Germplasm Enhancement and Variety Improvement, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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32
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Guérin C, Behr M, Sait J, Mol A, El Jaziri M, Baucher M. Evidence for poplar PtaPLATZ18 in the regulation of plant growth and vascular tissues development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1302536. [PMID: 38186608 PMCID: PMC10768006 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1302536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Plant A/T-rich protein and zinc-binding protein (PLATZ) are plant-specific transcription factors playing a role in plant development and stress response. To assess the role of PLATZs in vascular system development and wood formation in poplar, a functional study for PtaPLATZ18, whose expression was associated with the xylem, was carried out. Methods Poplar dominant repressor lines for PtaPLATZ18 were produced by overexpressing a PtaPLATZ18-SRDX fusion. The phenotype of three independent transgenic lines was evaluated at morphological, biochemical, and molecular levels and compared to the wild type. Results The PtaPLATZ18-SRDX lines showed increased plant height resulting from higher internode length. Besides, a higher secondary xylem thickness was also evidenced in these dominant repression lines as compared to the wild type suggesting an activation of cambial activity. A higher amount of lignin was evidenced within wood tissue as compared to the wild type, indicating an alteration in cell wall composition within xylem cell types. This latter phenotype was linked to an increased expression of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis and polymerization. Discussion The phenotype observed in the PtaPLATZ18-SRDX lines argues that this transcription factor targets key regulators of plant growth and vascular tissues development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marie Baucher
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
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33
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Uy ALT, Yamamoto A, Matsuda M, Arae T, Hasunuma T, Demura T, Ohtani M. The Carbon Flow Shifts from Primary to Secondary Metabolism during Xylem Vessel Cell Differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1563-1575. [PMID: 37875012 PMCID: PMC10734892 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Xylem vessel cell differentiation is characterized by the deposition of a secondary cell wall (SCW) containing cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN7 (VND7), a plant-specific NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) transcription factor, is a master regulator of xylem vessel cell differentiation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Previous metabolome analysis using the VND7-inducible system in tobacco BY-2 cells successfully revealed significant quantitative changes in primary metabolites during xylem vessel cell differentiation. However, the flow of primary metabolites is not yet well understood. Here, we performed a metabolomic analysis of VND7-inducible Arabidopsis T87 suspension cells. Capillary electrophoresis-time-of-flight mass spectrometry quantified 57 metabolites, and subsequent data analysis highlighted active changes in the levels of UDP-glucose and phenylalanine, which are building blocks of cellulose and lignin, respectively. In a metabolic flow analysis using stable carbon 13 (13C) isotope, the 13C-labeling ratio specifically increased in 3-phosphoglycerate after 12 h of VND7 induction, followed by an increase in shikimate after 24 h of induction, while the inflow of 13C into lactate from pyruvate was significantly inhibited, indicating an active shift of carbon flow from glycolysis to the shikimate pathway during xylem vessel cell differentiation. In support of this notion, most glycolytic genes involved in the downstream of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate were downregulated following the induction of xylem vessel cell differentiation, whereas genes for the shikimate pathway and phenylalanine biosynthesis were upregulated. These findings provide evidence for the active shift of carbon flow from primary metabolic pathways to the SCW polymer biosynthetic pathway at specific points during xylem vessel cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan
| | - Mami Matsuda
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Toshihiro Arae
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan
| | - Tomohisa Hasunuma
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Taku Demura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5, Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-Cho, Tsurumi-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
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Zhang YC, Zhuang LH, Zhou JJ, Song SW, Li J, Huang HZ, Chi BJ, Zhong YH, Liu JW, Zheng HL, Zhu XY. Combined metabolome and transcriptome analysis reveals a critical role of lignin biosynthesis and lignification in stem-like pneumatophore development of the mangrove Avicennia marina. PLANTA 2023; 259:12. [PMID: 38057597 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04291-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Transcriptional and metabolic regulation of lignin biosynthesis and lignification plays crucial roles in Avicennia marina pneumatophore development, facilitating its adaptation to coastal habitats. Avicennia marina is a pioneer mangrove species in coastal wetland. To cope with the periodic intertidal flooding and hypoxia environment, this species has developed a complex and extensive root system, with its most unique feature being a pneumatophore with a distinct above- and below-ground morphology and vascular structure. However, the characteristics of pneumatophore lignification remain unknown. Studies comparing the anatomy among above-ground pneumatophore, below-ground pneumatophore, and feeding root have suggested that vascular structure development in the pneumatophore is more like the development of a stem than of a root. Metabolome and transcriptome analysis illustrated that the accumulation of syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (G) units in the pneumatophore plays a critical role in lignification of the stem-like structure. Fourteen differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and 10 differentially expressed genes involved in the lignin biosynthesis pathway were targeted. To identify genes significantly associated with lignification, we analyzed the correlation between 14 genes and 8 metabolites and further built a co-expression network between 10 transcription factors (TFs), including 5 for each of MYB and NAC, and 23 enzyme-coding genes involved in lignin biosynthesis. 4-Coumarate-CoA ligase, shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and peroxidase were identified to be strongly correlated with these TFs. Finally, we examined 9 key candidate genes through quantitative real-time PCR to validate the reliability of transcriptome data. Together, our metabolome and transcriptome findings reveal that lignin biosynthesis and lignification regulate pneumatophore development in the mangrove species A. marina and facilitate its adaptation to coastal habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, Fujian, China
| | - Li-Han Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, Fujian, China
| | - Jia-Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, Fujian, China
| | - Shi-Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, Fujian, China
| | - He-Zi Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, Fujian, China
| | - Bing-Jie Chi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, Fujian, China
| | - You-Hui Zhong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, Fujian, China
| | - Jing-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, Fujian, China
| | - Hai-Lei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, Fujian, China.
| | - Xue-Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361105, Fujian, China.
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Wang Q, Lei S, Yan J, Song Y, Qian J, Zheng M, Hsu YF. UBC6, a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, participates in secondary cell wall thickening in the inflorescence stem of Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 205:108152. [PMID: 37944242 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Secondary cell wall (SCW) thickening in plant inflorescence stems is a complicated cellular process that is essential for stem strength and biomass. Although Arabidopsis NAC transcription factor (TF) 1 (NST1) regulates the SCW thickening in anther walls, the single T-DNA-insertion mutant (nst1) does not show disrupted SCW thickening in anther endothecium, interfascicular fibers or xylem. To better understand the regulatory mechanism of this process, we generated an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized Arabidopsis population with the nst1 background. scd5 (SCW-defective mutant 5) was isolated in a forward genetic screen from the EMS mutant library, which displayed not only less lignin deposition in the interfascicular fiber and xylem than the wild type but also a pendent inflorescence stem. The EMS-induced mutation associated with the scd5 phenotype was found in the 5th exon of At2G46030 that encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (UBC6), we thereby renamed the allele nst1 ubc6. Overexpressing UBC6 in nst1 ubc6 rescued the defective SCW, whereas disrupting UBC6 in nst1 by the CRISPR/Cas9 system caused a phenotype similar to that observed in nst1 ubc6. UBC6 was localized to the nucleus and plasma membrane, and possessed E2 ubiquitin-conjugating activity in vitro. MYB7 and MYB32 are considered as transcription repressors in the phenylpropanoid pathway and are involved in NAC TF-related transcriptional regulation in SCW thickening. UBC6 can interact with MYB7 and MYB32 and positively mediate the degradation of MYB7 and MYB32 by the 26S proteasome. Overall, these results indicated the contribution of UBC6 to SCW thickening in Arabidopsis inflorescence stems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shikang Lei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiawen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jie Qian
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Yi-Feng Hsu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Wang D, Qie B, Wang A, Wang M, Dai P, Xiao L, Zhai R, Yang C, Wang Z, Xu L. PbBPC4 involved in a xylem-deficient dwarf phenotype in pear by directly regulating the expression of PbXND1. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 291:154125. [PMID: 37979434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Dwarfing is an important agronomic trait in fruit breeding. At present, dwarf cultivars or dwarfing rootstocks are used for high-density planting. Although some dwarf rootstocks have been used in the cultivation of pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd), the breeding of dwarf pear rootstocks or cultivars is still sorely lacking. A previous study reported that PbXND1 results in a xylem-dwarf phenotype in pear trees. However, the regulatory mechanism upstream of PbXND1 is unclear. In this study, we identified PbBPC4 as an upstream regulatory factor of PbXND1 in yeast one-hybrid assays. In β-glucuronidase staining and dual-luciferase assays, PbBPC4 enhanced the activity of the PbXND1 promoter. Tobacco plants overexpressing PbBPC4 showed decreased plant height because of a reduced xylem size. Similar changes in the xylem was observed in transgenic pear roots; those overexpressing PbBPC4 showed reduced xylem size, and those with silencing PbBPC4 expression showed increased xylem size, greater density of xylem vessels, and a larger proportion of the xylem out of the total cross-section area. Expression analyses showed that PbBPC4 increases the transcription of PbXND1, leading to reduced transcript levels of genes involved in the positive regulation of xylem development, ultimately resulting in a xylem-deficient dwarf phenotype. Taken together, our results reveal the mechanism by which PbBPC4 participates in the regulation of xylem development via directly altering the expression of PbXND1, thus leading to the dwarf phenotype in pear. These findings have reference value for the breeding of dwarf pear trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Bingqing Qie
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Azheng Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Minmin Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Pingyuan Dai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Lijuan Xiao
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences of the 1st Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Aral, 843300, China.
| | - Rui Zhai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Chengquan Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Lingfei Xu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Taicheng Road No.3, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Sun Y, Yang B, De Rybel B. Hormonal control of the molecular networks guiding vascular tissue development in the primary root meristem of Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6964-6974. [PMID: 37343122 PMCID: PMC7615341 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Vascular tissues serve a dual function in plants, both providing physical support and controlling the transport of nutrients, water, hormones, and other small signaling molecules. Xylem tissues transport water from root to shoot; phloem tissues transfer photosynthates from shoot to root; while divisions of the (pro)cambium increase the number of xylem and phloem cells. Although vascular development constitutes a continuous process from primary growth in the early embryo and meristem regions to secondary growth in the mature plant organs, it can be artificially separated into distinct processes including cell type specification, proliferation, patterning, and differentiation. In this review, we focus on how hormonal signals orchestrate the molecular regulation of vascular development in the Arabidopsis primary root meristem. Although auxin and cytokinin have taken center stage in this aspect since their discovery, other hormones including brassinosteroids, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid also take leading roles during vascular development. All these hormonal cues synergistically or antagonistically participate in the development of vascular tissues, forming a complex hormonal control network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbiao Sun
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Centre for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Baojun Yang
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Centre for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert De Rybel
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Centre for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Kułak K, Wojciechowska N, Samelak-Czajka A, Jackowiak P, Bagniewska-Zadworna A. How to explore what is hidden? A review of techniques for vascular tissue expression profile analysis. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:129. [PMID: 37981669 PMCID: PMC10659056 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of plants to efficiently transport water and assimilates over long distances is a major evolutionary success that facilitated their growth and colonization of land. Vascular tissues, namely xylem and phloem, are characterized by high specialization, cell heterogeneity, and diverse cell components. During differentiation and maturation, these tissues undergo an irreversible sequence of events, leading to complete protoplast degradation in xylem or partial degradation in phloem, enabling their undisturbed conductive function. Due to the unique nature of vascular tissue, and the poorly understood processes involved in xylem and phloem development, studying the molecular basis of tissue differentiation is challenging. In this review, we focus on methods crucial for gene expression research in conductive tissues, emphasizing the importance of initial anatomical analysis and appropriate material selection. We trace the expansion of molecular techniques in vascular gene expression studies and discuss the application of single-cell RNA sequencing, a high-throughput technique that has revolutionized transcriptomic analysis. We explore how single-cell RNA sequencing will enhance our knowledge of gene expression in conductive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kułak
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Natalia Wojciechowska
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Samelak-Czajka
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Jackowiak
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna
- Department of General Botany, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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Yang X, Poelmans W, Grones C, Lakehal A, Pevernagie J, Van Bel M, Njo M, Xu L, Nelissen H, De Rybel B, Motte H, Beeckman T. Spatial transcriptomics of a lycophyte root sheds light on root evolution. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4069-4084.e8. [PMID: 37683643 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots originated independently in lycophytes and euphyllophytes, whereas early vascular plants were rootless. The organization of the root apical meristem in euphyllophytes is well documented, especially in the model plant Arabidopsis. However, little is known about lycophyte roots and their molecular innovations during evolution. In this study, spatial transcriptomics was used to detect 97 root-related genes in the roots of the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii. A high number of genes showed expression patterns similar to what has been reported for seed plants, supporting the idea of a highly convergent evolution of mechanisms to control root development. Interaction and complementation data of SHORTROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) homologs, furthermore, support a comparable regulation of the ground tissue (GT) between euphyllophytes and lycophytes. Root cap formation, in contrast, appears to be differently regulated. Several experiments indicated an important role of the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX13 gene SmWOX13a in Selaginella root cap formation. In contrast to multiple Arabidopsis WOX paralogs, SmWOX13a is able to induce root cap cells in Arabidopsis and has functionally conserved homologs in the fern Ceratopteris richardii. Lycophytes and a part of the euphyllophytes, therefore, may share a common mechanism regulating root cap formation, which was diversified or lost during seed plant evolution. In summary, we here provide a new spatial data resource for the Selaginella root, which in general advocates for conserved mechanisms to regulate root development but shows a clear divergence in the control of root cap formation, with a novel putative role of WOX genes in root cap formation in non-seed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilan Yang
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ward Poelmans
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Carolin Grones
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Abdellah Lakehal
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Pevernagie
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel Van Bel
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria Njo
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lin Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hilde Nelissen
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert De Rybel
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Motte
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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40
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Atsumi G, Naramoto S, Nishihara M, Nakatsuka T, Tomita R, Matsushita Y, Hoshi N, Shirakawa A, Kobayashi K, Fukuda H, Sekine KT. Identification of a novel viral factor inducing tumorous symptoms by disturbing vascular development in planta. J Virol 2023; 97:e0046323. [PMID: 37668368 PMCID: PMC10537666 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00463-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant viruses induce various disease symptoms that substantially impact agriculture, but the underlying mechanisms of viral disease in plants are poorly understood. Kobu-sho is a disease in gentian that shows gall formation with ectopic development of lignified cells and vascular tissues such as xylem. Here, we show that a gene fragment of gentian Kobu-sho-associated virus, which is designated as Kobu-sho-inducing factor (KOBU), induces gall formation accompanied by ectopic development of lignified cells and xylem-like tissue in Nicotiana benthamiana. Transgenic gentian expressing KOBU exhibited tumorous symptoms, confirming the gall-forming activity of KOBU. Surprisingly, KOBU expression can also induce differentiation of an additional leaf-like tissue on the abaxial side of veins in normal N. benthamiana and gentian leaves. Transcriptome analysis with Arabidopsis thaliana expressing KOBU revealed that KOBU activates signaling pathways that regulate xylem development. KOBU protein forms granules and plate-like structures and co-localizes with mRNA splicing factors within the nucleus. Our findings suggest that KOBU is a novel pleiotropic virulence factor that stimulates vascular and leaf development. IMPORTANCE While various mechanisms determine disease symptoms in plants depending on virus-host combinations, the details of how plant viruses induce symptoms remain largely unknown in most plant species. Kobu-sho is a disease in gentian that shows gall formation with ectopic development of lignified cells and vascular tissues such as xylem. Our findings demonstrate that a gene fragment of gentian Kobu-sho-associated virus (GKaV), which is designated as Kobu-sho-inducing factor, induces the gall formation accompanied by the ectopic development of lignified cells and xylem-like tissue in Nicotiana benthamiana. The molecular mechanism by which gentian Kobu-sho-associated virus induces the Kobu-sho symptoms will provide new insight into not only plant-virus interactions but also the regulatory mechanisms underlying vascular and leaf development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Atsumi
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Naramoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Reiko Tomita
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsushita
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobue Hoshi
- Iwate Agricultural Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan
| | | | - Kappei Kobayashi
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroo Fukuda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Taro Sekine
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Conservation Biology, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
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Nagahage ISP, Matsuda K, Miyashita K, Fujiwara S, Mannapperuma C, Yamada T, Sakamoto S, Ishikawa T, Nagano M, Ohtani M, Kato K, Uchimiya H, Mitsuda N, Kawai‐Yamada M, Demura T, Yamaguchi M. NAC domain transcription factors VNI2 and ATAF2 form protein complexes and regulate leaf senescence. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e529. [PMID: 37731912 PMCID: PMC10507225 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2 (NAC) domain transcription factor VND-INTERACTING2 (VNI2) negatively regulates xylem vessel formation by interacting with another NAC domain transcription factor, VASCULAR-RELATED NAC-DOMAIN7 (VND7), a master regulator of xylem vessel formation. Here, we screened interacting proteins with VNI2 using yeast two-hybrid assay and isolated two NAC domain transcription factors, Arabidopsis thaliana ACTIVATION FACTOR 2 (ATAF2) and NAC DOMAIN CONTAINING PROTEIN 102 (ANAC102). A transient gene expression assay showed that ATAF2 upregulates the expression of genes involved in leaf senescence, and VNI2 effectively inhibits the transcriptional activation activity of ATAF2. vni2 mutants accelerate leaf senescence, whereas ataf2 mutants delay leaf senescence. In addition, the accelerated leaf senescence phenotype of the vni2 mutant is recovered by simultaneous mutation of ATAF2. Our findings strongly suggest that VNI2 interacts with and inhibits ATAF2, resulting in negatively regulating leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kohei Matsuda
- Graduate School of Science and TechnologyNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaJapan
| | - Kyoko Miyashita
- Bioproduction Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Sumire Fujiwara
- Bioproduction Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Chanaka Mannapperuma
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Takuya Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Shingo Sakamoto
- Bioproduction Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
- Global Zero‐Emission Research CenterNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Minoru Nagano
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama UniversitySaitamaJapan
- Present address:
College of Life SciencesRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuJapan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Graduate School of Science and TechnologyNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaJapan
- Present address:
Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of TokyoKashiwaJapan
| | - Ko Kato
- Graduate School of Science and TechnologyNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaJapan
| | - Hirofumi Uchimiya
- Institute for Environmental Science and TechnologySaitama UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research InstituteNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
- Global Zero‐Emission Research CenterNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Maki Kawai‐Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Science and TechnologyNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaJapan
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Wei H, Song Z, Xie Y, Cheng H, Yan H, Sun F, Liu H, Shen J, Li L, He X, Wang H, Luo K. High temperature inhibits vascular development via the PIF4-miR166-HB15 module in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3203-3214.e4. [PMID: 37442138 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The plant vascular system is an elaborate network of conducting and supporting tissues that extends throughout the plant body, and its structure and function must be orchestrated with different environmental conditions. Under high temperature, plants display thin and lodging stems that may lead to decreased yield and quality of crops. However, the molecular mechanism underlying high-temperature-mediated regulation of vascular development is not known. Here, we show that Arabidopsis plants overexpressing the basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4), a central regulator of high-temperature signaling, display fewer vascular bundles (VBs) and decreased secondary cell wall (SCW) thickening, mimicking the lodging inflorescence stems of high-temperature-grown wild-type plants. Rising temperature and elevated PIF4 expression reduced the expression of MIR166 and, concomitantly, elevated the expression of the downstream class III homeodomain leucine-zipper (HD-ZIP III) family gene HB15. Consistently, knockdown of miR166 and overexpression of HB15 led to inhibition of vascular development and SCW formation, whereas the hb15 mutant displayed the opposite phenotype in response to high temperature. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo assays verified that PIF4 binds to the promoters of several MIR166 genes and represses their expression. Our study establishes a direct functional link between PIF4 and the miR166-HB15 module in modulating vascular development and SCW thickening and consequently stem-lodging susceptibility at elevated temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhi Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yurong Xie
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hongli Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huiting Yan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fan Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huajie Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Junlong Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinhua He
- Centre of Excellence for Soil Biology, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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43
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Morinaka H, Sakamoto Y, Iwase A, Sugimoto K. How do plants reprogramme the fate of differentiated cells? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 74:102377. [PMID: 37167921 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Being able to change cell fate after differentiation highlights the remarkable developmental plasticity of plant cells. Recent studies show that phytohormones, such as auxin and cytokinin, promote cell cycle reactivation, a critical first step to reprogramme mitotically inactive, differentiated cells into organogenic stem cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that wounding provides an additional cue to convert the identity of differentiated cells by promoting the loss of existing cell fate and/or acquisition of new cell fate. Differentiated cells can also alter cell fate without undergoing cell division and in this case, wounding and phytohormones induce master regulators that can directly assign new cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatsune Morinaka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Yuki Sakamoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akira Iwase
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), 7, Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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Zhao X, Jiang X, Li Z, Song Q, Xu C, Luo K. Jasmonic acid regulates lignin deposition in poplar through JAZ5-MYB/NAC interaction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1232880. [PMID: 37546258 PMCID: PMC10401599 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1232880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) is a phytohormone involved in plant defense, growth, and development, etc. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying JA-mediated lignin deposition and secondary cell wall (SCW) formation remain poorly understood. In this study, we found that JA can inhibit lignin deposition and SCW thickening in poplar trees through exogenous MeJA treatment and observation of the phenotypes of a JA synthesis mutant, opdat1. Hence, we identified a JA signal inhibitor PtoJAZ5, belonging to the TIFY gene family, which is involved in the regulation of secondary vascular development of Populus tomentosa. RT-qPCR and GUS staining revealed that PtoJAZ5 was highly expressed in poplar stems, particularly in developing xylem. Overexpression of PtoJAZ5 inhibited SCW thickening and down-regulated the expression of SCW biosynthesis-related genes. Further biochemical analysis showed that PtoJAZ5 interacted with multiple SCW switches NAC/MYB transcription factors, including MYB3 and WND6A, through yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescent complementation experiments. Transcriptional activation assays demonstrated that MYB3-PtoJAZ5 and WND6A-PtoJAZ5 complexes regulated the expression of lignin synthetic genes. Our results suggest that PtoJAZ5 plays a negative role in JA-induced lignin deposition and SCW thickening in poplar and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying JA-mediated regulation of SCW formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Lab of Plant Cell Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changzhen Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Song F, Li Z, Wang C, Jiang Y, Wang Z, He L, Ma X, Zhang Y, Song X, Liu J, Wu L. CsMYB15 positively regulates Cs4CL2-mediated lignin biosynthesis during juice sac granulation in navel orange. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1223820. [PMID: 37457356 PMCID: PMC10348809 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1223820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
'Lane Late', a late-maturing navel orange cultivar, is mainly distributed in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, which matures in the late March of the next year and needs overwintering cultivation. Citrus fruit granulation is a physiological disorder, which is characterized by lignification and dehydration of juice sac cells, seriously affecting the commercial value of citrus fruits. The pre-harvest granulation of late-maturing navel orange is main caused by low temperature in the winter, but its mechanism and regulation pattern remain unclear. In this study, a SG2-type R2R3-MYB transcription factor, CsMYB15, was identified from Citrus sinensis, which was significantly induced by both juice sac granulation and low temperature treatment. Subcellular localization analysis and transcriptional activation assay revealed that CsMYB15 protein was localized to the nucleus, and it exhibited transcriptional activation activity in yeast. Over-expression of CsMYB15 by stable transformation in navel orange calli and transient transformation in kumquat fruits and navel orange juice sacs significantly increased lignin content in the transgenic lines. Further, Yeast one hybrid, EMSA, and LUC assays demonstrated that CsMYB15 directly bound to the Cs4CL2 promoter and activated its expression, thereby causing a high accumulation of lignin in citrus. Taken together, these results elucidated the biological function of CsMYB15 in regulating Cs4CL2-mediated lignin biosynthesis, and provided novel insight into the transcriptional regulation mechanism underlying the juice sac granulation of late-maturing navel orange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Ce Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingchun Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijing Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Ligang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees, Institute of Fruit and Tea, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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Huang C, Kurotani KI, Tabata R, Mitsuda N, Sugita R, Tanoi K, Notaguchi M. Nicotiana benthamiana XYLEM CYSTEINE PROTEASE genes facilitate tracheary element formation in interfamily grafting. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad072. [PMID: 37303612 PMCID: PMC10251136 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Grafting is a plant propagation technique widely used in agriculture. A recent discovery of the capability of interfamily grafting in Nicotiana has expanded the potential combinations of grafting. In this study, we showed that xylem connection is essential for the achievement of interfamily grafting and investigated the molecular basis of xylem formation at the graft junction. Transcriptome and gene network analyses revealed gene modules for tracheary element (TE) formation during grafting that include genes associated with xylem cell differentiation and immune response. The reliability of the drawn network was validated by examining the role of the Nicotiana benthamiana XYLEM CYSTEINE PROTEASE (NbXCP) genes in TE formation during interfamily grafting. Promoter activities of NbXCP1 and NbXCP2 genes were found in differentiating TE cells in the stem and callus tissues at the graft junction. Analysis of a Nbxcp1;Nbxcp2 loss-of-function mutant indicated that NbXCPs control the timing of de novo TE formation at the graft junction. Moreover, grafts of the NbXCP1 overexpressor increased the scion growth rate as well as the fruit size. Thus, we identified gene modules for TE formation at the graft boundary and demonstrated potential ways to enhance Nicotiana interfamily grafting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaokun Huang
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Kurotani
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ryo Tabata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sugita
- Isotope Facility for Agricultural Education and Research, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Radioisotope Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Isotope Facility for Agricultural Education and Research, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Xu W, Zhao Y, Liu Q, Diao Y, Wang Q, Yu J, Jiang E, Zhang Y, Liu B. Identification of ZmBK2 Gene Variation Involved in Regulating Maize Brittleness. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1126. [PMID: 37372306 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Maize stalk strength is a crucial agronomic trait that affects lodging resistance. We used map-based cloning and allelic tests to identify a maize mutant associated with decreased stalk strength and confirmed that the mutated gene, ZmBK2, is a homolog of Arabidopsis AtCOBL4, which encodes a COBRA-like glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein. The bk2 mutant exhibited lower cellulose content and whole-plant brittleness. Microscopic observations showed that sclerenchymatous cells were reduced in number and had thinner cell walls, suggesting that ZmBK2 affects the development of cell walls. Transcriptome sequencing of differentially expressed genes in the leaves and stalks revealed substantial changes in the genes associated with cell wall development. We constructed a cell wall regulatory network using these differentially expressed genes, which revealed that abnormal cellulose synthesis may be a reason for brittleness. These results reinforce our understanding of cell wall development and provide a foundation for studying the mechanisms underlying maize lodging resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Qingdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Qingzhi Liu
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Yuqiang Diao
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Qingkang Wang
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Jiamin Yu
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Enjun Jiang
- Taian Denghai Wuyue Taishan Seed Industry Co., Ltd., Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Yongzhong Zhang
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Baoshen Liu
- Agronomy/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, China
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Yu A, Zou H, Li P, Yao X, Zhou Z, Gu X, Sun R, Liu A. Genomic characterization of the NAC transcription factors, directed at understanding their functions involved in endocarp lignification of iron walnut ( Juglans sigillata Dode). Front Genet 2023; 14:1168142. [PMID: 37229193 PMCID: PMC10203416 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1168142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) transcription factors (TF), one of the largest plant-specific gene families, play important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development, stress response and disease resistance. In particular, several NAC TFs have been identified as master regulators of secondary cell wall (SCW) biosynthesis. Iron walnut (Juglans sigillata Dode), an economically important nut and oilseed tree, has been widely planted in the southwest China. The thick and high lignified shell derived endocarp tissues, however, brings troubles in processing processes of products in industry. It is indispensable to dissect the molecular mechanism of thick endocarp formation for further genetic improvement of iron walnut. In the present study, based on genome reference of iron walnut, 117 NAC genes, in total, were identified and characterized in silico, which involves only computational analysis to provide insight into gene function and regulation. We found that the amino acids encoded by these NAC genes varied from 103 to 1,264 in length, and conserved motif numbers ranged from 2 to 10. The JsiNAC genes were unevenly distributed across the genome of 16 chromosomes, and 96 of these genes were identified as segmental duplication genes. Furthermore, 117 JsiNAC genes were divided into 14 subfamilies (A-N) according to the phylogenetic tree based on NAC family members of Arabidopsis thaliana and common walnut (Juglans regia). Furthermore, tissue-specific expression pattern analysis demonstrated that a majority of NAC genes were constitutively expressed in five different tissues (bud, root, fruit, endocarp, and stem xylem), while a total of 19 genes were specifically expressed in endocarp, and most of them also showed high and specific expression levels in the middle and late stages during iron walnut endocarp development. Our result provided a new insight into the gene structure and function of JsiNACs in iron walnut, and identified key candidate JsiNAC genes involved in endocarp development, probably providing mechanistic insight into shell thickness formation across nut species.
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Fal K, Berr A, Le Masson M, Faigenboim A, Pano E, Ishkhneli N, Moyal NL, Villette C, Tomkova D, Chabouté ME, Williams LE, Carles CC. Lysine 27 of histone H3.3 is a fine modulator of developmental gene expression and stands as an epigenetic checkpoint for lignin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1085-1100. [PMID: 36779574 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin is a dynamic platform within which gene expression is controlled by epigenetic modifications, notably targeting amino acid residues of histone H3. Among them is lysine 27 of H3 (H3K27), the trimethylation of which by the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) is instrumental in regulating spatiotemporal patterns of key developmental genes. H3K27 is also subjected to acetylation and is found at sites of active transcription. Most information on the function of histone residues and their associated modifications in plants was obtained from studies of loss-of-function mutants for the complexes that modify them. To decrypt the genuine function of H3K27, we expressed a non-modifiable variant of H3 at residue K27 (H3.3K27A ) in Arabidopsis, and developed a multi-scale approach combining in-depth phenotypical and cytological analyses, with transcriptomics and metabolomics. We uncovered that the H3.3K27A variant causes severe developmental defects, part of them are reminiscent of PRC2 mutants, part of them are new. They include early flowering, increased callus formation and short stems with thicker xylem cell layer. This latest phenotype correlates with mis-regulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Overall, our results reveal novel roles of H3K27 in plant cell fates and metabolic pathways, and highlight an epigenetic control point for elongation and lignin composition of the stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Fal
- Plant and Cell Physiology Lab, IRIG-DBSCI-LPCV, CEA, Grenoble Alpes University - CNRS - INRAE - CEA, 17 rue des Martyrs, bât. C2, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Alexandre Berr
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Marie Le Masson
- Plant and Cell Physiology Lab, IRIG-DBSCI-LPCV, CEA, Grenoble Alpes University - CNRS - INRAE - CEA, 17 rue des Martyrs, bât. C2, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO Volcani Center, PO Box 15159, Rishon LeZion, 7528809, Israel
| | - Emeline Pano
- Plant and Cell Physiology Lab, IRIG-DBSCI-LPCV, CEA, Grenoble Alpes University - CNRS - INRAE - CEA, 17 rue des Martyrs, bât. C2, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Nickolay Ishkhneli
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences & Genetics in Agriculture - Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Netta-Lee Moyal
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences & Genetics in Agriculture - Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Claire Villette
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Denisa Tomkova
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Marie-Edith Chabouté
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes du CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Leor Eshed Williams
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences & Genetics in Agriculture - Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Cristel C Carles
- Plant and Cell Physiology Lab, IRIG-DBSCI-LPCV, CEA, Grenoble Alpes University - CNRS - INRAE - CEA, 17 rue des Martyrs, bât. C2, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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50
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Zhang B, Dang X, Chen H, Li T, Zhu F, Nagawa S. Ectopic Expression of FvVND4c Promotes Secondary Cell Wall Thickening and Flavonoid Accumulation in Fragaria vesca. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098110. [PMID: 37175817 PMCID: PMC10179399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary cell wall (SCW) thickening has a significant effect on the growth and development of plants, as well as in the resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Lignin accounts for the strength of SCW. It is synthesized through the phenylpropanoid pathway that also leads to flavonoid synthesis. The coupling strategies for lignin and flavonoid syntheses are diverse in plants. How their syntheses are balanced by transcriptional regulation in fleshy fruits is still unclear. The diploid strawberry (Fragaria vesca) is a model for fleshy fruits research due to its small genome and wide scope of genetic transformation. SCW thickening is regulated by a multilevel transcriptional regulatory network wherein vascular-related NAC domains (VNDs) act as key regulators. In this study, we systematically characterized VNDs in Fragaria vesca and explored their functions. The overexpression of FvVND4c in diploid strawberry fruits resulted in SCW thickening and fruit color changes accompanied with the accumulation of lignin and flavonoids. Genes related to these phenotypes were also induced upon FvVND4c overexpression. Among the induced genes, we found FvMYB46 to be a direct downstream regulator of FvVND4c. The overexpression of FvMYB46 resulted in similar phenotypes as FvVND4c, except for the color change. Transcriptomic analyses suggest that both FvVND4c and FvMYB46 act on phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways, and induce lignin synthesis for SCW. These results suggest that FvVND4c and FvMYB46 cooperatively regulate SCW thickening and flavonoid accumulation in Fragaria vesca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaofei Dang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Tian Li
- College of Future Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fangjie Zhu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University-University of California, Riverside, Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shingo Nagawa
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University-University of California, Riverside, Joint Center for Horticultural Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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