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Xie H, Tian Y, Li Z, Wang K, Li R, Yi S, Chen A, Chen J, Liu J, Wei X, Gao X. Activation of Beta-adrenergic Receptors Upregulates the Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Auditory Input in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Mediates Auditory Fear Conditioning. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1833-1844. [PMID: 37787950 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) is involved in auditory fear conditioning (AFC) in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, it is still unclear how it acts on neurons. We aimed to investigate whether the activation of the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) improves AFC by sensitization of the prelimbic (PL) cortex at the animal, cellular, and molecular levels. In vivo single-cell electrophysiological recording was used to characterize the changes in neurons in the PL cortex after AFC. Then, PL neurons were locally administrated by the β-AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO), the GABAaR agonist muscimol, or intervened by optogenetic method, respectively. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were finally used to assess molecular changes. Noise and low-frequency tones induced similar AFC. The expression of β-ARs in PL cortex neurons was upregulated after fear conditioning. Microinjection of muscimol into the PL cortex blocked the conformation of AFC, whereas ISO injection facilitated AFC. Moreover, PL neurons can be distinguished into two types, with type I but not type II neurons responding to conditioned sound and being regulated by β-ARs. Our results showed that β-ARs in the PL cortex regulate conditional fear learning by activating type I PL neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiting Xie
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueqin Tian
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongli Li
- Respiratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaitao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Runtong Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Shang Yi
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuhong Wei
- Department of Physiology and Pain Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510282, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoya Gao
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 253 Gongye Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510282, People's Republic of China.
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Lin YW, Fang CH, Liang YJ, Yang CY, Kuo WT, Lin FH. Controlled release of Clenbuterol from a hydroxyapatite carrier for the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Biomater Res 2023; 27:98. [PMID: 37798744 PMCID: PMC10557233 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-023-00432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, and Aβ aggregation is considered to be the central process implicated in its pathogenesis. Current treatments are faced by challenges such as serious side effects and reduced drug bioavailability. In this study, we developed a drug delivery system for intramuscular injection that uses cellular activity to achieve constant and long-term drug release. METHODS Synthesized mesoporous hydroxyapatite (SHAP) was prepared via co-precipitation, and hydrophobic surface modification using stearic acid was then used to load clenbuterol by physical absorption, thus creating the drug delivery system. Clenbuterol release was achieved through cellular activity, with macrophage uptake triggering lysosome/endosome disruption, cytoplasmic release, extracellular exocytosis, and subsequent systemic circulation. RESULTS We found that clenbuterol-loaded SHAP enabled sustained release for more than 2 weeks and effectively modulated inflammation, reduced Aβ oligomer-induced toxicity, and prevented Aβ aggregation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that treatment with clenbuterol loaded in this SHAP delivery system could be a promising strategy for treating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiang Fang
- National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Chung Shan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei City, 100225, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Jyun Liang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yun Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Kuo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Huei Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
- Division of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine Research, National Health Research Institutes, No. 35, Keyan Road, Zhunan, 35053, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
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Mäki-Marttunen T, Blackwell KT, Akkouh I, Shadrin A, Valstad M, Elvsåshagen T, Linne ML, Djurovic S, Einevoll GT, Andreassen OA. Genetic mechanisms for impaired synaptic plasticity in schizophrenia revealed by computational modelling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.14.544920. [PMID: 37398070 PMCID: PMC10312778 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.14.544920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia phenotypes are suggestive of impaired cortical plasticity in the disease, but the mechanisms of these deficits are unknown. Genomic association studies have implicated a large number of genes that regulate neuromodulation and plasticity, indicating that the plasticity deficits have a genetic origin. Here, we used biochemically detailed computational modelling of post-synaptic plasticity to investigate how schizophrenia-associated genes regulate long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD). We combined our model with data from post-mortem mRNA expression studies (CommonMind gene-expression datasets) to assess the consequences of altered expression of plasticity-regulating genes for the amplitude of LTP and LTD. Our results show that the expression alterations observed post mortem, especially those in anterior cingulate cortex, lead to impaired PKA-pathway-mediated LTP in synapses containing GluR1 receptors. We validated these findings using a genotyped EEG dataset where polygenic risk scores for synaptic and ion channel-encoding genes as well as modulation of visual evoked potentials (VEP) were determined for 286 healthy controls. Our results provide a possible genetic mechanism for plasticity impairments in schizophrenia, which can lead to improved understanding and, ultimately, treatment of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Mäki-Marttunen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kim T Blackwell
- The Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Ibrahim Akkouh
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexey Shadrin
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathias Valstad
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobjørn Elvsåshagen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Marja-Leena Linne
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gaute T Einevoll
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Meamar M, Rashidy-Pour A, Rahmani M, Vafaei AA, Raise-Abdullahi P. Glucocorticoid- β-adrenoceptors interactions in the infralimbic cortex in acquisition and consolidation of auditory fear memory extinction in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2023; 225:173560. [PMID: 37094708 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2023.173560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the interactive effect of glucocorticoid and β-adrenoceptors in the infralimbic (IL) cortex on the acquisition and consolidation of fear extinction in rats' auditory fear conditioning (AFC) task. On day 1, rats underwent habituation for 9 min (12 tonnes, 10 s, 4 kHz, 80 dB, without footshock). On day 2 (conditioning), rats received 3 mild electrical footshocks (US; 2 s, 0.5 mA) paired with the auditory-conditioned stimulus (CS; tone: 30 s, 4 kHz, 80 dB). On days 3-5 (Ext 1-3), rats received 15 tonnes with no footshock in the test box. Intra-IL injection of corticosterone (CORT, 20 ng/0.5 μl per side) before Ext 1 and after Ext 1-2, respectively, facilitated the acquisition and consolidation of fear memory extinction. Intra-IL injection of the β2-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol (CLEN, 50 ng/0.5 μl per side) inhibited, but the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (PROP, 500 ng/0.5 μl per side) enhanced the facilitatory effects of CORT on fear memory extinction. CORT injection before the acquisition of fear extinction increased p-ERK levels in the IL. Co-injection of CORT with CLEN increased, but PROP decreased p-ERK activities. CORT injection after the consolidation of fear extinction increased p-CREB in the IL. Co-injection of CORT with CLEN increased, but PROP reduced p-CREB activities. Our findings show that corticosterone facilitates the acquisition and consolidation of fear memory extinction. GRs and β-adrenoceptors in the IL jointly regulate fear memory extinction via ERK and CREB signaling pathways. This pre-clinical animal study may highlight the effect of GRs and β-adrenoceptors of the IL cortex in regulating fear memory processes in fear-related disorders such as PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morvarid Meamar
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ali Rashidy-Pour
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mehrnoush Rahmani
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Vafaei
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Li S. The β-adrenergic hypothesis of synaptic and microglial impairment in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2023; 165:289-302. [PMID: 36799441 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease originating partly from amyloid β protein-induced synaptic failure. As damaging of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) occurs at the prodromal stage of AD, activation of adrenergic receptors could serve as the first line of defense against the onset of the disease. Activation of β2 -ARs strengthens long-term potentiation (LTP) and synaptic activity, thus improving learning and memory. Physical stimulation of animals exposed to an enriched environment (EE) leads to the activation of β2 -ARs and prevents synaptic dysfunction. EE also suppresses neuroinflammation, suggesting that β2 -AR agonists may play a neuroprotective role. The β2 -AR agonists used for respiratory diseases have been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect. Epidemiological studies further support the beneficial effects of β2 -AR agonists on several neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, I propose that β2 -AR agonists may provide therapeutic value in combination with novel treatments for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Sáez-Briones P, Palma B, Burgos H, Barra R, Hernández A. Aromatic Bromination Abolishes Deficits in Visuospatial Learning Induced by MDMA ("Ecstasy") in Rats While Preserving the Ability to Increase LTP in the Prefrontal Cortex. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043724. [PMID: 36835133 PMCID: PMC9963799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It has recently been demonstrated that aromatic bromination at C(2) abolishes all typical psychomotor, and some key prosocial effects of the entactogen MDMA in rats. Nevertheless, the influence of aromatic bromination on MDMA-like effects on higher cognitive functions remains unexplored. In the present work, the effects of MDMA and its brominated analog 2Br-4,5-MDMA (1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg i.p. each) on visuospatial learning, using a radial, octagonal Olton maze (4 × 4) which may discriminate between short-term and long-term memory, were compared with their influence on in vivo long-term potentiation (LTP) in the prefrontal cortex in rats. The results obtained indicate that MDMA diminishes both short- and long-term visuospatial memory but increases LTP. In contrast, 2Br-4,5-MDMA preserves long-term visuospatial memory and slightly accelerates the occurrence of short-term memory compared to controls, but increases LTP, like MDMA. Taken together, these data are consistent with the notion that the modulatory effects induced by the aromatic bromination of the MDMA template, which abolishes typical entactogenic-like responses, might be extended to those effects affecting higher cognitive functions, such as visuospatial learning. This effect seems not to be associated with the increase of LTP in the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Sáez-Briones
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología y Comportamiento, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | - Boris Palma
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile
| | - Héctor Burgos
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 7570008, Chile
| | - Rafael Barra
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica y Aplicada (CIBAP), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Alejandro Hernández
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
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Sheynikhovich D, Otani S, Bai J, Arleo A. Long-term memory, synaptic plasticity and dopamine in rodent medial prefrontal cortex: Role in executive functions. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 16:1068271. [PMID: 36710953 PMCID: PMC9875091 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.1068271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mnemonic functions, supporting rodent behavior in complex tasks, include both long-term and (short-term) working memory components. While working memory is thought to rely on persistent activity states in an active neural network, long-term memory and synaptic plasticity contribute to the formation of the underlying synaptic structure, determining the range of possible states. Whereas, the implication of working memory in executive functions, mediated by the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in primates and rodents, has been extensively studied, the contribution of long-term memory component to these tasks received little attention. This review summarizes available experimental data and theoretical work concerning cellular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in the medial region of rodent PFC and the link between plasticity, memory and behavior in PFC-dependent tasks. A special attention is devoted to unique properties of dopaminergic modulation of prefrontal synaptic plasticity and its contribution to executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Sheynikhovich
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Denis Sheynikhovich ✉
| | - Satoru Otani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
| | - Jing Bai
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, INSERM U1266, Paris, France
| | - Angelo Arleo
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, Paris, France
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8
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Iqbal Z, Lei Z, Ramkrishnan AS, Liu S, Hasan M, Akter M, Lam YY, Li Y. Adrenergic signalling to astrocytes in anterior cingulate cortex contributes to pain-related aversive memory in rats. Commun Biol 2023; 6:10. [PMID: 36604595 PMCID: PMC9816175 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain contains both sensory and affective dimensions. We identify the role of norepinephrine in colorectal distention (sub-threshold for acute pain) induced conditioned place avoidance and plasticity gene expression in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Activating locus coeruleus (LC)-projecting ACC neurons facilitates pain-evoked aversive consolidation and memory, while inhibiting LC-projecting ACC neurons reversibly blocks it. Optogenetic activation of ACC astrocytes facilitates aversive behaviour. ACC astrocytic Gi manipulation suppressed aversive behaviour and early plasticity gene expression induced by opto-activation of LC neurons projecting to ACC. Evidences for the critical role of β2AR in ACC astrocytes were provided using AAV encoding β2AR miRNAi to knockdown β2AR in astrocytes. In contrast, opto-activation of ACC astrocytic β2ARs promotes aversion memory. Our findings suggest that projection-specific adrenergic astrocytic signalling in ACC is integral to system-wide neuromodulation in response to visceral stimuli, and plays a key role in mediating pain-related aversion consolidation and memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Iqbal
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhuogui Lei
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aruna S Ramkrishnan
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Mahadi Hasan
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Mastura Akter
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yuk Yan Lam
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Bouras NN, Mack NR, Gao WJ. Prefrontal modulation of anxiety through a lens of noradrenergic signaling. Front Syst Neurosci 2023; 17:1173326. [PMID: 37139472 PMCID: PMC10149815 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2023.1173326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most common class of mental illness in the U.S., affecting 40 million individuals annually. Anxiety is an adaptive response to a stressful or unpredictable life event. Though evolutionarily thought to aid in survival, excess intensity or duration of anxiogenic response can lead to a plethora of adverse symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. A wealth of data has implicated the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in the regulation of anxiety. Norepinephrine (NE) is a crucial neuromodulator of arousal and vigilance believed to be responsible for many of the symptoms of anxiety disorders. NE is synthesized in the locus coeruleus (LC), which sends major noradrenergic inputs to the mPFC. Given the unique properties of LC-mPFC connections and the heterogeneous subpopulation of prefrontal neurons known to be involved in regulating anxiety-like behaviors, NE likely modulates PFC function in a cell-type and circuit-specific manner. In working memory and stress response, NE follows an inverted-U model, where an overly high or low release of NE is associated with sub-optimal neural functioning. In contrast, based on current literature review of the individual contributions of NE and the PFC in anxiety disorders, we propose a model of NE level- and adrenergic receptor-dependent, circuit-specific NE-PFC modulation of anxiety disorders. Further, the advent of new techniques to measure NE in the PFC with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution will significantly help us understand how NE modulates PFC function in anxiety disorders.
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5-HT-dependent synaptic plasticity of the prefrontal cortex in postnatal development. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21015. [PMID: 36470912 PMCID: PMC9723183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23767-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Important functions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are established during early life, when neurons exhibit enhanced synaptic plasticity and synaptogenesis. This developmental stage drives the organization of cortical connectivity, responsible for establishing behavioral patterns. Serotonin (5-HT) emerges among the most significant factors that modulate brain activity during postnatal development. In the PFC, activated 5-HT receptors modify neuronal excitability and interact with intracellular signaling involved in synaptic modifications, thus suggesting that 5-HT might participate in early postnatal plasticity. To test this hypothesis, we employed intracellular electrophysiological recordings of PFC layer 5 neurons to study the modulatory effects of 5-HT on plasticity induced by theta-burst stimulation (TBS) in two postnatal periods of rats. Our results indicate that 5-HT is essential for TBS to result in synaptic changes during the third postnatal week, but not later. TBS coupled with 5-HT2A or 5-HT1A and 5-HT7 receptors stimulation leads to long-term depression (LTD). On the other hand, TBS and synergic activation of 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and 5-HT7 receptors lead to long-term potentiation (LTP). Finally, we also show that 5-HT dependent synaptic plasticity of the PFC is impaired in animals that are exposed to early-life chronic stress.
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Mäki-Marttunen T, Mäki-Marttunen V. Excitatory and inhibitory effects of HCN channel modulation on excitability of layer V pyramidal cells. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010506. [PMID: 36099307 PMCID: PMC9506642 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrites of cortical pyramidal cells are densely populated by hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, a.k.a. Ih channels. Ih channels are targeted by multiple neuromodulatory pathways, and thus are one of the key ion-channel populations regulating the pyramidal cell activity. Previous observations and theories attribute opposing effects of the Ih channels on neuronal excitability due to their mildly hyperpolarized reversal potential. These effects are difficult to measure experimentally due to the fine spatiotemporal landscape of the Ih activity in the dendrites, but computational models provide an efficient tool for studying this question in a reduced but generalizable setting. In this work, we build upon existing biophysically detailed models of thick-tufted layer V pyramidal cells and model the effects of over- and under-expression of Ih channels as well as their neuromodulation. We show that Ih channels facilitate the action potentials of layer V pyramidal cells in response to proximal dendritic stimulus while they hinder the action potentials in response to distal dendritic stimulus at the apical dendrite. We also show that the inhibitory action of the Ih channels in layer V pyramidal cells is due to the interactions between Ih channels and a hot zone of low voltage-activated Ca2+ channels at the apical dendrite. Our simulations suggest that a combination of Ih-enhancing neuromodulation at the proximal part of the apical dendrite and Ih-inhibiting modulation at the distal part of the apical dendrite can increase the layer V pyramidal excitability more than either of the two alone. Our analyses uncover the effects of Ih-channel neuromodulation of layer V pyramidal cells at a single-cell level and shed light on how these neurons integrate information and enable higher-order functions of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuomo Mäki-Marttunen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Simula Research Laboratory, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Verónica Mäki-Marttunen
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Leiden, Leiden, Netherlands
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12
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Bioactive human Alzheimer brain soluble Aβ: pathophysiology and therapeutic opportunities. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:3182-3191. [PMID: 35484241 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01589-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) plays an early role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The precise mechanism of how Aβ accumulation leads to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairment remains unclear but is likely due to small soluble oligomers of Aβ (oAβ). Most studies have used chemical synthetic or cell-secreted Aβ oligomers to study their pathogenic mechanisms, but the Aβ derived from human AD brain tissue is less well characterized. Here we review updated knowledge on the extraction and characterization of bioactive human AD brain oAβ and the mechanisms by which they cause hippocampal synaptic dysfunction. Human AD brain-derived oAβ can impair hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and enhance long-term depression (LTD). Many studies suggest that oAβ may directly disrupt neuronal NMDA receptors, AMPA receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). oAβ also impairs astrocytic synaptic functions, including glutamate uptake, D-serine release, and NMDA receptor function. We also discuss oAβ-induced neuronal hyperexcitation. These results may suggest a multi-target approach for the treatment of AD, including both oAβ neutralization and reversal of glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity.
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13
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Lei Z, Lam Y, Li C, Fu Z, Ramkrishnan AS, Liu S, Li Y. β2-Adrenoceptors in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Excitatory Neurons Regulate Anxiety-like Behavior in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105578. [PMID: 35628393 PMCID: PMC9145949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and β-adrenoceptors (βARs) have been implicated in modulating anxiety-like behavior. However, the specific contributions of the β2-AR subtype in mPFC in anxiety are still unclear. To address this issue, we used optogenetic and microRNA-based (miRNA) silencing to dissect the role of β2-AR in mPFC in anxiety-like behavior. On the one hand, we use a chimeric rhodopsin/β2-AR (Opto-β2-AR) with in vivo optogenetic techniques to selectively activate β2-adrenergic signaling in excitatory neurons of the mPFC. We found that opto-activation of β2-AR is sufficient to induce anxiety-like behavior and reduce social interaction. On the other hand, we utilize the miRNA silencing technique to specifically knock down the β2-AR in mPFC excitatory neurons. We found that the β2-AR knock down induces anxiolytic-like behavior and promotes social interaction compared to the control group. These data suggest that β2-AR signaling in the mPFC has a critical role in anxiety-like states. These findings suggest that inhibiting of β2-AR signaling in the mPFC may be an effective treatment of anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuogui Lei
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Z.L.); (Z.F.); (A.S.R.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Yukyan Lam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Cheukhin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Zhongqi Fu
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Z.L.); (Z.F.); (A.S.R.); (S.L.)
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Aruna S. Ramkrishnan
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Z.L.); (Z.F.); (A.S.R.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Z.L.); (Z.F.); (A.S.R.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Z.L.); (Z.F.); (A.S.R.); (S.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Y.L.); (C.L.)
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Correspondence:
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14
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Wilke SA, Johnson CL, Corlier J, Marder KG, Wilson AC, Pleman CM, Leuchter AF. Psychostimulant use and clinical outcome of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment of major depressive disorder. Depress Anxiety 2022; 39:397-406. [PMID: 35389536 DOI: 10.1002/da.23255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Psychostimulant medication use may be associated with improved rTMS outcomes, but a detailed understanding of these relationships is lacking. METHODS We compared MDD subjects taking psychostimulants (n = 37) with those not taking one of these medications (n = 53) during a course of 30 rTMS treatments. Changes in the 30-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report (IDS-SR30) subscale scores were examined at treatment 30. We also subdivided subjects into three categories based on drug mechanism and looked at IDS-SR30 total score after treatments 10, 20, and 30. RESULTS Subjects taking psychostimulants had a significantly greater overall clinical improvement than those not taking these medications at treatment 30. The psychostimulant group also improved significantly more than the control group in "sleep" and "mood/cognition," but not "anxiety/arousal" IDS-SR30 subscales. No differences were detected among individual drug categories, which may reflect the limited sample size for individual medications. There was a negative dose-response relationship for the lisdexamfetamine/dextroamphetamine group, in which lower doses were associated with better clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Psychostimulant medications may enhance clinical efficacy of rTMS for MDD by preferentially impacting specific symptom domains. For some psychostimulants, these effects may be dose-dependent. Prospective clinical trials are needed to guide psychostimulant augmentation of brain stimulation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Wilke
- Neuromodulation Division, TMS Clinical and Research Service, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Crystal L Johnson
- Neuromodulation Division, TMS Clinical and Research Service, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Juliana Corlier
- Neuromodulation Division, TMS Clinical and Research Service, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Katharine G Marder
- Neuromodulation Division, TMS Clinical and Research Service, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew C Wilson
- Neuromodulation Division, TMS Clinical and Research Service, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christopher M Pleman
- Neuromodulation Division, TMS Clinical and Research Service, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Andrew F Leuchter
- Neuromodulation Division, TMS Clinical and Research Service, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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15
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Tao XD, Liu ZR, Zhang YQ, Zhang XH. Connexin43 hemichannels contribute to working memory and excitatory synaptic transmission of pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex of rats. Life Sci 2021; 286:120049. [PMID: 34662549 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The gap junction is essential for the communication between astrocytes and neurons by various connexins. Connexin43 hemichannels (Cx43 HCs), one of important subunits of gap junction protein, is highly expressed in astrocytes. It has been demonstrated that Cx43 HCs is involved in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. However, whether the role of Cx43 HCs in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a key brain region mediating cognitive and executive functions including working memory, still remains unclear. Here, we investigate that the role of Cx43 HCs in working memory through pharmacological inhibition of Cx43 HCs in the PFC. Gap26, a specific hemichannels blocker for Cx43 HCs, was bilaterally infused into the prelimbic (PrL) area of the PFC and then spatial working memory was examined in delayed alternation task in T-maze. Furthermore, the effect of Gap26 on synaptic transmission of prefrontal pyramidal neurons was examined using whole-cell patch recording in slice containing PFC. The demonstrate that inhibition of prefrontal cortex Cx43 HCs impairs the working memory and excitatory synaptic transmission of PFC neurons, suggesting that Cx43 HCs in the PFC contributes to working memory and excitatory synaptic transmission of neurons in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Tao
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhao-Rui Liu
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xue-Han Zhang
- Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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16
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Lasley SM, Fornal CA, Mandal S, Strupp BJ, Beaudin SA, Smith DR. Early Postnatal Manganese Exposure Reduces Rat Cortical and Striatal Biogenic Amine Activity in Adulthood. Toxicol Sci 2021; 173:144-155. [PMID: 31560393 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence from studies with children and animal models suggests that elevated levels of manganese during early development lead to lasting cognitive and fine motor deficits. This study was performed to assess presynaptic biogenic amine function in forebrain of adult Long-Evans rats exposed orally to 0, 25, or 50 mg Mn/kg/day over postnatal day 1-21 or continuously from birth to the end of the study (approximately postnatal day 500). Intracerebral microdialysis in awake rats quantified evoked outflow of biogenic amines in the right medial prefrontal cortex and left striatum. Results indicated that brain manganese levels in the early life exposed groups (postnatal day 24) largely returned to control levels by postnatal day 66, whereas levels in the lifelong exposed groups remained elevated 10%-20% compared with controls at the same ages. Manganese exposure restricted to the early postnatal period caused lasting reductions in cortical potassium-stimulated extracellular norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin, and reductions in striatal extracellular dopamine. Lifelong manganese exposure produced similar effects with the addition of significant decreases in cortical dopamine that were not evident in the early postnatal exposed groups. These results indicate that early postnatal manganese exposure produces persistent deficits in cortical and striatal biogenic amine function. Given that these same animals exhibited lasting impairments in attention and fine motor function, these findings suggest that reductions in catecholaminergic activity are a primary factor underlying the behavioral effects caused by manganese, and indicate that children exposed to elevated levels of manganese during early development are at the greatest risk for neuronal deficiencies that persist into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Lasley
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, Illinois 61605
| | - Casimir A Fornal
- Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria, Peoria, Illinois 61605
| | - Shyamali Mandal
- Business Development, BioVision Inc, Milpitas, California 95035
| | - Barbara J Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Stephane A Beaudin
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95340
| | - Donald R Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California - Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064
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17
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Boczek T, Mackiewicz J, Sobolczyk M, Wawrzyniak J, Lisek M, Ferenc B, Guo F, Zylinska L. The Role of G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) and Calcium Signaling in Schizophrenia. Focus on GPCRs Activated by Neurotransmitters and Chemokines. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051228. [PMID: 34067760 PMCID: PMC8155952 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a common debilitating disease characterized by continuous or relapsing episodes of psychosis. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying this psychiatric illness remain incompletely understood, a growing body of clinical, pharmacological, and genetic evidence suggests that G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a critical role in disease development, progression, and treatment. This pivotal role is further highlighted by the fact that GPCRs are the most common targets for antipsychotic drugs. The GPCRs activation evokes slow synaptic transmission through several downstream pathways, many of them engaging intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Dysfunctions of the neurotransmitter systems involving the action of GPCRs in the frontal and limbic-related regions are likely to underly the complex picture that includes the whole spectrum of positive and negative schizophrenia symptoms. Therefore, the progress in our understanding of GPCRs function in the control of brain cognitive functions is expected to open new avenues for selective drug development. In this paper, we review and synthesize the recent data regarding the contribution of neurotransmitter-GPCRs signaling to schizophrenia symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Boczek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Joanna Mackiewicz
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Marta Sobolczyk
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Julia Wawrzyniak
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Malwina Lisek
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Bozena Ferenc
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China;
| | - Ludmila Zylinska
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92215 Lodz, Poland; (T.B.); (J.M.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (M.L.); (B.F.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Guajardo HM, Valentino RJ. Sex differences in μ-opioid regulation of coerulear-cortical transmission. Neurosci Lett 2021; 746:135651. [PMID: 33482313 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Stress-induced activation of locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine (NE) projections to the prefrontal cortex are thought to promote cognitive responses to stressors. LC activation by stressors is modulated by endogenous opioids that restrain LC activation and facilitate a return to baseline activity upon stress termination. Sex differences in this opioid influence could be a basis for sex differences in stress vulnerability. Consistent with this, we recently demonstrated that μ-opioid receptor (MOR) expression is decreased in the female rat LC compared to the male LC, and this was associated with sexually distinct consequences of activating MOR in the LC on cognitive flexibility. Given that the LC-NE system affects cognitive flexibility through its projections to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the present study quantified and compared the effects of LC-MOR activation on mPFC neural activity in male and female rats. Local field potential (LFPs) were recorded from the mPFC of freely behaving male and female rats before and following local LC microinjection of the MOR agonist, DAMGO, or vehicle. Intra-LC DAMGO altered the LFP power spectrum selectively in male but not female rats, resulting in a time-dependent increase in the power in delta and alpha frequency bands. LC microinfusion of ACSF had no effect on either sex. Together, the results are consistent with previous evidence for decreased MOR function in the female rat LC and demonstrate that this translates to a diminished effect on cortical activity that can account for sex differences in cognitive consequences. Decreased LC-MOR function in females could contribute to greater stress-induced activation of the LC and increased vulnerability of females to hyperarousal symptoms of stress-related neuropsychiatric pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herminio M Guajardo
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Rita J Valentino
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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19
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Lee M, Mueller A, Moore T. Differences in Noradrenaline Receptor Expression Across Different Neuronal Subtypes in Macaque Frontal Eye Field. Front Neuroanat 2020; 14:574130. [PMID: 33328901 PMCID: PMC7732642 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2020.574130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive functions such as attention and working memory are modulated by noradrenaline receptors in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). The frontal eye field (FEF) has been shown to play an important role in visual spatial attention. However, little is known about the underlying circuitry. The aim of this study was to characterize the expression of noradrenaline receptors on different pyramidal neuron and inhibitory interneuron subtypes in macaque FEF. Using immunofluorescence, we found broad expression of noradrenaline receptors across all layers of the FEF. Differences in the expression of different noradrenaline receptors were observed across different inhibitory interneuron subtypes. No significant differences were observed in the expression of noradrenaline receptors across different pyramidal neuron subtypes. However, we found that putative long-range projecting pyramidal neurons expressed all noradrenaline receptor subtypes at a much higher proportion than any of the other neuronal subtypes. Nearly all long-range projecting pyramidal neurons expressed all types of noradrenaline receptor, suggesting that there is no receptor-specific machinery acting on these long-range projecting pyramidal neurons. This pattern of expression among long-range projecting pyramidal neurons suggests a mechanism by which noradrenergic modulation of FEF activity influences attention and working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Adrienne Mueller
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Tirin Moore
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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20
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Vaseghi S, Nasehi M, Zarrindast MR. How do stupendous cannabinoids modulate memory processing via affecting neurotransmitter systems? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 120:173-221. [PMID: 33171142 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we wanted to review the role of cannabinoids in learning and memory in animal models, with respect to their interaction effects with six principal neurotransmitters involved in learning and memory including dopamine, glutamate, GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), serotonin, acetylcholine, and noradrenaline. Cannabinoids induce a wide-range of unpredictable effects on cognitive functions, while their mechanisms are not fully understood. Cannabinoids in different brain regions and in interaction with different neurotransmitters, show diverse responses. Previous findings have shown that cannabinoids agonists and antagonists induce various unpredictable effects such as similar effect, paradoxical effect, or dualistic effect. It should not be forgotten that brain neurotransmitter systems can also play unpredictable roles in mediating cognitive functions. Thus, we aimed to review and discuss the effect of cannabinoids in interaction with neurotransmitters on learning and memory. In addition, we mentioned to the type of interactions between cannabinoids and neurotransmitter systems. We suggested that investigating the type of interactions is a critical neuropharmacological issue that should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Mäki-Marttunen T, Iannella N, Edwards AG, Einevoll GT, Blackwell KT. A unified computational model for cortical post-synaptic plasticity. eLife 2020; 9:55714. [PMID: 32729828 PMCID: PMC7426095 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling pathways leading to post-synaptic plasticity have been examined in many types of experimental studies, but a unified picture on how multiple biochemical pathways collectively shape neocortical plasticity is missing. We built a biochemically detailed model of post-synaptic plasticity describing CaMKII, PKA, and PKC pathways and their contribution to synaptic potentiation or depression. We developed a statistical AMPA-receptor-tetramer model, which permits the estimation of the AMPA-receptor-mediated maximal synaptic conductance based on numbers of GluR1s and GluR2s predicted by the biochemical signalling model. We show that our model reproduces neuromodulator-gated spike-timing-dependent plasticity as observed in the visual cortex and can be fit to data from many cortical areas, uncovering the biochemical contributions of the pathways pinpointed by the underlying experimental studies. Our model explains the dependence of different forms of plasticity on the availability of different proteins and can be used for the study of mental disorder-associated impairments of cortical plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gaute T Einevoll
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kim T Blackwell
- The Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, United States
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22
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Lustberg D, Iannitelli AF, Tillage RP, Pruitt M, Liles LC, Weinshenker D. Central norepinephrine transmission is required for stress-induced repetitive behavior in two rodent models of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1973-1987. [PMID: 32313981 PMCID: PMC7961804 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by repetitive behaviors exacerbated by stress. Many OCD patients do not respond to available pharmacotherapies, but neurosurgical ablation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) can provide symptomatic relief. Although the ACC receives noradrenergic innervation and expresses adrenergic receptors (ARs), the involvement of norepinephrine (NE) in OCD has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of genetic or pharmacological disruption of NE neurotransmission on marble burying (MB) and nestlet shredding (NS), two animal models of OCD. METHODS We assessed NE-deficient (Dbh -/-) mice and NE-competent (Dbh +/-) controls in MB and NS tasks. We also measured the effects of anti-adrenergic drugs on NS and MB in control mice and the effects of pharmacological restoration of central NE in Dbh -/- mice. Finally, we compared c-fos induction in the locus coeruleus (LC) and ACC of Dbh -/- and control mice following both tasks. RESULTS Dbh -/- mice virtually lacked MB and NS behaviors seen in control mice but did not differ in the elevated zero maze (EZM) model of general anxiety-like behavior. Pharmacological restoration of central NE synthesis in Dbh -/- mice completely rescued NS behavior, while NS and MB were suppressed in control mice by anti-adrenergic drugs. Expression of c-fos in the ACC was attenuated in Dbh -/- mice after MB and NS. CONCLUSION These findings support a role for NE transmission to the ACC in the expression of stress-induced compulsive behaviors and suggest further evaluation of anti-adrenergic drugs for OCD is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lustberg
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St., Whitehead 301, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Alexa F Iannitelli
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St., Whitehead 301, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Rachel P Tillage
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St., Whitehead 301, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Molly Pruitt
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - L Cameron Liles
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St., Whitehead 301, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St., Whitehead 301, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Chronic Restraint Stress Affects Network Oscillations in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Mice. Neuroscience 2020; 437:172-183. [PMID: 32335214 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is vulnerable to stress. Its dysfunction is observed in psychiatric disorders manifested as alterations in network oscillations. Mechanisms linking stress load to disturbed emotional-cognitive behaviors are of essential importance to further elucidate therapeutic strategies for psychiatric diseases. Here, we analyzed the effects of chronic restraint stress (CRS) load in juvenile mice on kainic acid (KA)-induced network oscillations in ACC slice preparations and on the forced swim test (FST). The immobility time (IT) was shortened at the beginning of the FST in CRS mice. Power spectral density (PSD) obtained from KA-induced oscillations in field potentials in the superficial layers of the ACC were altered in slices from the CRS mice. The PSD was decreased in CRS mice at the alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz), low gamma (30-50 Hz), and high gamma (50-80 Hz) components. Noradrenaline increased the PSD of the theta (3-8 Hz) components in both the control and CRS groups, and also in alpha components only in the CRS group. Dopamine did not modulate the PSD of any frequency components in the control mice, whereas it enhanced the PSD of theta and alpha components in CRS mice. It was suggested that chronic stress load affects the dynamics of the network oscillations in the ACC with enhanced cathecolaminergic modulation.
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Tamano H, Ishikawa Y, Shioya A, Itoh R, Oneta N, Shimaya R, Egawa M, Adlard PA, Bush AI, Takeda A. Adrenergic β receptor activation reduces amyloid β 1-42-mediated intracellular Zn 2+ toxicity in dentate granule cells followed by rescuing impairment of dentate gyrus LTP. Neurotoxicology 2020; 79:177-183. [PMID: 32512026 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adrenergic β receptor activation prevents human soluble amyloid β (Aβ)-induced impairment of long-term potentiation (LTP) in slices. On the basis of the evidence that human Aβ1-42-induced impairment of LTP is due to Aβ1-42-mediated Zn2+ toxicity, we postulated that adrenergic β receptor activation reduces Aβ1-42-mediated intracellular Zn2+ toxicity followed by rescuing Aβ1-42 toxicity. To test the effect of adrenergic β receptor activation, LTP was recorded at perforant pathway-dentate granule cell synapses of anesthetized rats 60 min after Aβ1-42 injection into the dentate granule cell layer. Human Aβ1-42-induced impairment of LTP was rescued by co-injection of isoproterenol, an adrenergic β receptor agonist, but not by co-injection of phenylephrine, an adrenergic α1 receptor agonist. Isoproterenol did not reduce Aβ1-42 uptake into dentate granule cells, but reduced increase in intracellular Zn2+ in dentate granule cells induced by Aβ1-42. In contrast, phenylephrine did not reduce both Aβ1-42 uptake and increase in intracellular Zn2+ by Aβ1-42. In the case of human Aβ1-40 and rat Aβ1-42, which do not increase intracellular Zn2+, human Aβ1-40- and rat Aβ1-42-induced impairments of LTP were not rescued by co-injection of isoproterenol. The present study indicates that adrenergic β receptor activation reduces Aβ1-42-mediated increase in intracellular Zn2+ in dentate granule cells, resulting in rescuing Aβ1-42-induced impairment of LTP. It is likely that noradrenergic neuron activation by stimulating the locus coeruleus is effective for rescuing Aβ1-42-induced cognitive decline that is caused by intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Tamano
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yudai Ishikawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Aoi Shioya
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ryusei Itoh
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Naoya Oneta
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ryota Shimaya
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Mako Egawa
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Paul A Adlard
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ashley I Bush
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
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25
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Ross JA, Van Bockstaele EJ. The role of catecholamines in modulating responses to stress: Sex-specific patterns, implications, and therapeutic potential for post-traumatic stress disorder and opiate withdrawal. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:2429-2465. [PMID: 32125035 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Emotional arousal is one of several factors that determine the strength of a memory and how efficiently it may be retrieved. The systems at play are multifaceted; on one hand, the dopaminergic mesocorticolimbic system evaluates the rewarding or reinforcing potential of a stimulus, while on the other, the noradrenergic stress response system evaluates the risk of threat, commanding attention, and engaging emotional and physical behavioral responses. Sex-specific patterns in the anatomy and function of the arousal system suggest that sexually divergent therapeutic approaches may be advantageous for neurological disorders involving arousal, learning, and memory. From the lens of the triple network model of psychopathology, we argue that post-traumatic stress disorder and opiate substance use disorder arise from maladaptive learning responses that are perpetuated by hyperarousal of the salience network. We present evidence that catecholamine-modulated learning and stress-responsive circuitry exerts substantial influence over the salience network and its dysfunction in stress-related psychiatric disorders, and between the sexes. We discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting the endogenous cannabinoid system; a ubiquitous neuromodulator that influences learning, memory, and responsivity to stress by influencing catecholamine, excitatory, and inhibitory synaptic transmission. Relevant preclinical data in male and female rodents are integrated with clinical data in men and women in an effort to understand how ideal treatment modalities between the sexes may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Ross
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elisabeth J Van Bockstaele
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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26
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Neuromodulators and Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity in Learning and Memory: A Steered-Glutamatergic Perspective. Brain Sci 2019; 9:brainsci9110300. [PMID: 31683595 PMCID: PMC6896105 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci9110300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular pathways underlying the induction and maintenance of long-term synaptic plasticity have been extensively investigated revealing various mechanisms by which neurons control their synaptic strength. The dynamic nature of neuronal connections combined with plasticity-mediated long-lasting structural and functional alterations provide valuable insights into neuronal encoding processes as molecular substrates of not only learning and memory but potentially other sensory, motor and behavioural functions that reflect previous experience. However, one key element receiving little attention in the study of synaptic plasticity is the role of neuromodulators, which are known to orchestrate neuronal activity on brain-wide, network and synaptic scales. We aim to review current evidence on the mechanisms by which certain modulators, namely dopamine, acetylcholine, noradrenaline and serotonin, control synaptic plasticity induction through corresponding metabotropic receptors in a pathway-specific manner. Lastly, we propose that neuromodulators control plasticity outcomes through steering glutamatergic transmission, thereby gating its induction and maintenance.
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27
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Deng WK, Wang X, Zhou HC, Luo F. L-type Ca 2+ channels and charybdotoxin-sensitive Ca 2+-activated K + channels are required for reduction of GABAergic activity induced by β2-adrenoceptor in the prefrontal cortex. Mol Cell Neurosci 2019; 101:103410. [PMID: 31644953 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2019.103410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR) has been reported to reduce GABAergic activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms have not been completely determined. Here, we showed that β2-AR agonist Clenbuterol (Clen) decreased GABAergic transmission onto PFC layer V/VI pyramidal neurons via a presynaptic mechanism without altering postsynaptic GABA receptors. Clen decreased the action potential firing rate but increased the burst afterhyperpolarization (AHP) amplitude in PFC interneurons. Application of L-type Ca2+ channel or charybdotoxin-sensitive Ca2+-activated K+ channel inhibitors blocked Clen-induced decreases in action potential firing rate, spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic current (sIPSC) frequency and Clen-induced enhancement of AHP amplitude, suggesting that the effects of Clen involves L-type Ca2+ Channels and charybdotoxin-sensitive Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Our results provide a potential cellular mechanism by which Clen controls GABAergic neuronal activity in PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ke Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Center for Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hou-Cheng Zhou
- Institute of Neurobiology & State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Fei Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Center for Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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28
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Hamel R, Côté K, Matte A, Lepage JF, Bernier PM. Rewards interact with repetition-dependent learning to enhance long-term retention of motor memories. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1452:34-51. [PMID: 31294872 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The combination of behavioral experiences that enhance long-term retention remains largely unknown. Informed by neurophysiological lines of work, this study tested the hypothesis that performance-contingent monetary rewards potentiate repetition-dependent forms of learning, as induced by extensive practice at asymptote, to enhance long-term retention of motor memories. To this end, six groups of 14 participants (n = 84) acquired novel motor behaviors by adapting to a gradual visuomotor rotation while these factors were manipulated. Retention was assessed 24 h later. While all groups similarly acquired the novel motor behaviors, results from the retention session revealed an interaction indicating that rewards enhanced long-term retention, but only when practice was extended to asymptote. Specifically, the interaction indicated that this effect selectively occurred when rewards were intermittently available (i.e., 50%), but not when they were absent (i.e., 0%) or continuously available (i.e., 100%) during acquisition. This suggests that the influence of rewards on extensive practice and long-term retention is nonlinear, as continuous rewards did not further enhance retention as compared with intermittent rewards. One possibility is that rewards' intermittent availability allows to maintain their subjective value during acquisition, which may be key to potentiate long-term retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Hamel
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.,Département de Kinanthropologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Kathleen Côté
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexia Matte
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Lepage
- Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre-Michel Bernier
- Département de Kinanthropologie, Faculté des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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29
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Burgos H, Hernández A, Constandil L, Ríos M, Flores O, Puentes G, Hernández K, Morgan C, Valladares L, Castillo A, Cofre C, Milla LA, Sáez-Briones P, Barra R. Early postnatal environmental enrichment restores neurochemical and functional plasticities of the cerebral cortex and improves learning performance in hidden-prenatally-malnourished young-adult rats. Behav Brain Res 2019; 363:182-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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30
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Ciprés-Flores FJ, Segura-Uribe JJ, Orozco-Suárez S, Guerra-Araiza C, Guevara-Salazar JA, Castillo-García EL, Soriano-Ursúa MA, Farfán-García ED. Beta-blockers and salbutamol limited emotional memory disturbance and damage induced by orchiectomy in the rat hippocampus. Life Sci 2019; 224:128-137. [PMID: 30905783 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the therapeutic potential of ligands of beta-adrenoceptors in cognitive disorders. Testosterone and adrenergic pathways are involved in hippocampal and emotional memory. Moreover, is strongly suggested that androgen diminishing in aging is involved in cognitive deficit, as well as beta-adrenoceptors, particularly beta2-adrenoceptor, participate in the adrenergic modulation of memory. In this regard, some animal models of memory disruption have shown improved performance after beta-drug administration. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this work, we evaluated the effects of agonists (isoproterenol and salbutamol) and antagonists (propranolol and carvedilol) on beta-adrenoceptors in orchiectomized rats, as well as their effects in the performance on avoidance task and damage in hippocampal neurons by immunohistochemistry assays. KEY FINDINGS Surprisingly, we found that both antagonists and salbutamol (but not isoproterenol) modulate the effects of hormone deprivation, improving memory and decreasing neuronal death and amyloid-beta related changes in some regions (particularly CA1-3 and dentate gyrus) of rat hippocampus. SIGNIFICANCE Two β-antagonists and one β2-agonist modulated the effects of hormone deprivation on memory and damage in brain. The mechanisms of signaling of these drugs for beneficial effects remain unclear, even if used β-ARs ligands share a weak activity on β-arrestin/ERK-pathway activation which can be involved in these effects as we proposed in this manuscript. Our observations could be useful for understanding effects suggested of adrenergic drugs to modulate emotional memory. But also, our results could be related to other pathologies involving neuronal death and Aβ accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola J Ciprés-Flores
- Departamento de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julia J Segura-Uribe
- Departamento de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico; Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Orozco-Suárez
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Neurológicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christian Guerra-Araiza
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Farmacología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan A Guevara-Salazar
- Departamento de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emily L Castillo-García
- Departamento de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Departamento de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Eunice D Farfán-García
- Departamento de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico.
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31
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Effects of β3-adrenergic receptor stimulation on the resting holding current of medial prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons in young rats. Neurosci Lett 2019; 698:192-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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32
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Liu XH, Zhu RT, Hao B, Shi YW, Wang XG, Xue L, Zhao H. Norepinephrine Induces PTSD-Like Memory Impairments via Regulation of the β-Adrenoceptor-cAMP/PKA and CaMK II/PKC Systems in the Basolateral Amygdala. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:43. [PMID: 30894805 PMCID: PMC6414421 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) can modulate the memory enhancement process during stressful events, and this modulation requires arousal-induced norepinephrine (NE) activation in the basolateral amygdale (BLA). Our previous study found that an intrahippocampal infusion of propranolol dose-dependently induced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like memory impairments. To explore the role of the noradrenergic system of the BLA in PTSD-like memory impairment, we injected various doses of NE into the BLA. We found that only a specific quantity of NE (0.3 μg) could induce PTSD-like memory impairments, accompanied by a reduction in phosphorylation of GluR1 at Ser845 and Ser831. Moreover, this phenomenon could be blocked by a protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor or calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) inhibitor. These findings demonstrate that NE could induce PTSD-like memory impairments via regulation of the β-adrenoceptor receptor (β-AR)-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)/PKA and CaMK II/PKC signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hui Liu
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Ting Zhu
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Hao
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Wei Shi
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Wang
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Xue
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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33
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From membrane receptors to protein synthesis and actin cytoskeleton: Mechanisms underlying long lasting forms of synaptic plasticity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 95:120-129. [PMID: 30634048 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity, the activity dependent change in synaptic strength, forms the molecular foundation of learning and memory. Synaptic plasticity includes structural changes, with spines changing their size to accomodate insertion and removal of postynaptic receptors, which are correlated with functional changes. Of particular relevance for memory storage are the long lasting forms of synaptic plasticity which are protein synthesis dependent. Due to the importance of spine structural plasticity and protein synthesis, this review focuses on the signaling pathways that connect synaptic stimulation with regulation of protein synthesis and remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton. We also review computational models that implement novel aspects of molecular signaling in synaptic plasticity, such as the role of neuromodulators and spatial microdomains, as well as highlight the need for computational models that connect activation of memory kinases with spine actin dynamics.
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34
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Morsy A, Trippier PC. Current and Emerging Pharmacological Targets for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 72:S145-S176. [PMID: 31594236 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
No cure or disease-modifying therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has yet been realized. However, a multitude of pharmacological targets have been identified for possible engagement to enable drug discovery efforts for AD. Herein, we review these targets comprised around three main therapeutic strategies. First is an approach that targets the main pathological hallmarks of AD: amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles which primarily focuses on reducing formation and aggregation, and/or inducing their clearance. Second is a strategy that modulates neurotransmitter signaling. Comprising this strategy are the cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockade treatments that are clinically approved for the symptomatic treatment of AD. Additional targets that aim to stabilize neuron signaling through modulation of neurotransmitters and their receptors are also discussed. Finally, the third approach comprises a collection of 'sensitive targets' that indirectly influence Aβ or tau accumulation. These targets are proteins that upon Aβ accumulation in the brain or direct Aβ-target interaction, a modification in the target's function is induced. The process occurs early in disease progression, ultimately causing neuronal dysfunction. This strategy aims to restore normal target function to alleviate Aβ-induced toxicity in neurons. Overall, we generally limit our analysis to targets that have emerged in the last decade and targets that have been validated using small molecules in in vitro and/or in vivo models. This review is not an exhaustive list of all possible targets for AD but serves to highlight the most promising and critical targets suitable for small molecule drug intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
- UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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35
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Caynas-Rojas S, Rodríguez-García G, Delint-Ramírez I, Miranda MI. Differential function of medial prefrontal cortex catecholaminergic receptors after long-term sugar consumption. Behav Brain Res 2018; 356:495-503. [PMID: 29920309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has reciprocal projections with many cerebral structures that are crucial in the control of food ingestion behavior and reward processing; Thus the mPFC has an important function in taste memory recognition. Previous results indicate that long-term consumption of sugar produces changes in appetitive re-learning and suggest that this could trigger an escalating consumption due to the inability to learn new negative consequences related to the same taste. Further evidence suggests that general identity reward value could be encoded in the mPFC. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate in rats whether after 21 days of sugar consumption the increase in sweet taste preference and latent inhibition of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) were affected differentially by pharmacological activation or blockage of dopaminergic and β-adrenergic receptors, in the mPFC, during CTA acquisition. Results showed that after long-term sugar exposure, mPFC activation of β-adrenergic receptors with clenbuterol delayed aversive memory extinction, but the blockade with propranolol or activation of dopaminergic receptors with apomorphine increased CTA latent inhibition and accelerated aversive memory extinction only after acute sugar exposure. Only dopaminergic blockade with haloperidol prevented sweet taste preference expression after long-term sugar consumption, increased CTA latent inhibition and accelerated extinction after acute sugar exposure. Taken together, the present data provide evidence that catecholaminergic receptors in the mPFC after prolonged sugar consumption underwent functional changes related to re-learning and new aversive taste learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraid Caynas-Rojas
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-García
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico
| | - Ilse Delint-Ramírez
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, 64460, Mexico
| | - María Isabel Miranda
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, 76230, Mexico.
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Alberini CM, Cruz E, Descalzi G, Bessières B, Gao V. Astrocyte glycogen and lactate: New insights into learning and memory mechanisms. Glia 2018; 66:1244-1262. [PMID: 29076603 PMCID: PMC5903986 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Memory, the ability to retain learned information, is necessary for survival. Thus far, molecular and cellular investigations of memory formation and storage have mainly focused on neuronal mechanisms. In addition to neurons, however, the brain comprises other types of cells and systems, including glia and vasculature. Accordingly, recent experimental work has begun to ask questions about the roles of non-neuronal cells in memory formation. These studies provide evidence that all types of glial cells (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia) make important contributions to the processing of encoded information and storing memories. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent findings on the critical role of astrocytes as providers of energy for the long-lasting neuronal changes that are necessary for long-term memory formation. We focus on three main findings: first, the role of glucose metabolism and the learning- and activity-dependent metabolic coupling between astrocytes and neurons in the service of long-term memory formation; second, the role of astrocytic glucose metabolism in arousal, a state that contributes to the formation of very long-lasting and detailed memories; and finally, in light of the high energy demands of the brain during early development, we will discuss the possible role of astrocytic and neuronal glucose metabolisms in the formation of early-life memories. We conclude by proposing future directions and discussing the implications of these findings for brain health and disease. Astrocyte glycogenolysis and lactate play a critical role in memory formation. Emotionally salient experiences form strong memories by recruiting astrocytic β2 adrenergic receptors and astrocyte-generated lactate. Glycogenolysis and astrocyte-neuron metabolic coupling may also play critical roles in memory formation during development, when the energy requirements of brain metabolism are at their peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Alberini
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, 10003
- Associate Investigator, Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, 10016
| | - Emmanuel Cruz
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, 10003
| | - Giannina Descalzi
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, 10003
| | - Benjamin Bessières
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, 10003
| | - Virginia Gao
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York, 10003
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Reboreda A, Theissen FM, Valero-Aracama MJ, Arboit A, Corbu MA, Yoshida M. Do TRPC channels support working memory? Comparing modulations of TRPC channels and working memory through G-protein coupled receptors and neuromodulators. Behav Brain Res 2018; 354:64-83. [PMID: 29501506 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Working memory is a crucial ability we use in daily life. However, the cellular mechanisms supporting working memory still remain largely unclear. A key component of working memory is persistent neural firing which is believed to serve short-term (hundreds of milliseconds up to tens of seconds) maintenance of necessary information. In this review, we will focus on the role of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels as a mechanism underlying persistent firing. Many years of in vitro work have been suggesting a crucial role of TRPC channels in working memory and temporal association tasks. If TRPC channels are indeed a central mechanism for working memory, manipulations which impair or facilitate working memory should have a similar effect on TRPC channel modulation. However, modulations of working memory and TRPC channels were never systematically compared, and it remains unanswered whether TRPC channels indeed contribute to working memory in vivo or not. In this article, we review the effects of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and neuromodulators, including acetylcholine, noradrenalin, serotonin and dopamine, on working memory and TRPC channels. Based on comparisons, we argue that GPCR and downstream signaling pathways that activate TRPC, generally support working memory, while those that suppress TRPC channels impair it. However, depending on the channel types, areas, and systems tested, this is not the case in all studies. Further work to clarify involvement of specific TRPC channels in working memory tasks and how they are affected by neuromodulators is still necessary in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Reboreda
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN) Magdeburg, Brenneckestraße 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44/Haus 64, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Frederik M Theissen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44/Haus 64, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maria J Valero-Aracama
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alberto Arboit
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44/Haus 64, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mihaela A Corbu
- Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Motoharu Yoshida
- Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology (LIN) Magdeburg, Brenneckestraße 6, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44/Haus 64, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Huang B, Li Y, Cheng D, He G, Liu X, Ma L. β-Arrestin–biased β-adrenergic signaling promotes extinction learning of cocaine reward memory. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/512/eaam5402. [PMID: 29317519 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aam5402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Youxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Deqin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guanhong He
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Lan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, and Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Ross JA, Reyes BAS, Thomas SA, Van Bockstaele EJ. Localization of endogenous amyloid-β to the coeruleo-cortical pathway: consequences of noradrenergic depletion. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:267-284. [PMID: 28779307 PMCID: PMC5773352 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1489-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC)-norepinephrine (NE) system is an understudied circuit in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and is thought to play an important role in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases involving catecholamine neurotransmitters. Understanding the expression and distribution of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, a primary component of AD, under basal conditions and under conditions of NE perturbation within the coeruleo-cortical pathway may be important for understanding its putative role in pathological states. Thus, the goal of this study is to define expression levels and the subcellular distribution of endogenous Aβ with respect to noradrenergic profiles in the rodent LC and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and, further, to determine the functional relevance of NE in modulating endogenous Aβ42 levels. We report that endogenous Aβ42 is localized to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive somatodendritic profiles of the LC and dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DβH) immunoreactive axon terminals of the infralimbic mPFC (ILmPFC). Male and female naïve rats have similar levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage products demonstrated by western blot, as well as similar levels of endogenous Aβ42 as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two models of NE depletion, DSP-4 lesion and DβH knockout (KO) mice, were used to assess the functional relevance of NE on endogenous Aβ42 levels. DSP-4 lesioned rats and DβH-KO mice show significantly lower levels of endogenous Aβ42. Noradrenergic depletion did not change APP-cleavage products resulting from β-secretase processing. Thus, resultant decreases in endogenous Aβ42 may be due to decreased neuronal activity of noradrenergic neurons, or, by decreased stimulation of adrenergic receptors which are known to contribute to Aβ42 production by enhancing γ-secretase processing under normal physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Ross
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, 245 S. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
| | - Beverly A S Reyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, 245 S. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Steven A Thomas
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elisabeth J Van Bockstaele
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, College of Medicine, Drexel University, 245 S. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
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Luo F, Zhou H. Clenbuterol reduces GABAergic transmission in prefrontal cortex layer 5/6 pyramidal neurons of juvenile rat via reducing action potentials firing frequency of GABAergic interneurons. J Neurochem 2017; 144:152-161. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Luo
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Diseases; Institute of Life Science; Nanchang University; Nanchang China
- Department of Neuroscience; Yale University; New Haven CT USA
| | - H. Zhou
- Institute of Neurobiology & State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology; Institutes of Brain Science; Fudan University; Shanghai China
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Grzelka K, Kurowski P, Gawlak M, Szulczyk P. Noradrenaline Modulates the Membrane Potential and Holding Current of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Pyramidal Neurons via β 1-Adrenergic Receptors and HCN Channels. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:341. [PMID: 29209170 PMCID: PMC5701640 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) receives dense noradrenergic projections from the locus coeruleus. Adrenergic innervation of mPFC pyramidal neurons plays an essential role in both physiology (control of memory formation, attention, working memory, and cognitive behavior) and pathophysiology (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, cognitive deterioration after traumatic brain injury, behavioral changes related to addiction, Alzheimer's disease and depression). The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism responsible for adrenergic receptor-mediated control of the resting membrane potential in layer V mPFC pyramidal neurons. The membrane potential or holding current of synaptically isolated layer V mPFC pyramidal neurons was recorded in perforated-patch and classical whole-cell configurations in slices from young rats. Application of noradrenaline (NA), a neurotransmitter with affinity for all types of adrenergic receptors, evoked depolarization or inward current in the tested neurons irrespective of whether the recordings were performed in the perforated-patch or classical whole-cell configuration. The effect of noradrenaline depended on β1- and not α1- or α2-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Activation of β1-adrenergic receptors led to an increase in inward Na+ current through hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, which carry a mixed Na+/K+ current. The protein kinase A- and C-, glycogen synthase kinase-3β- and tyrosine kinase-linked signaling pathways were not involved in the signal transduction between β1-adrenergic receptors and HCN channels. The transduction system operated in a membrane-delimited fashion and involved the βγ subunit of G-protein. Thus, noradrenaline controls the resting membrane potential and holding current in mPFC pyramidal neurons through β1-adrenergic receptors, which in turn activate HCN channels via a signaling pathway involving the βγ subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grzelka
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Paweł Szulczyk
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Vitrac C, Benoit-Marand M. Monoaminergic Modulation of Motor Cortex Function. Front Neural Circuits 2017; 11:72. [PMID: 29062274 PMCID: PMC5640772 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2017.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Elaboration of appropriate responses to behavioral situations rests on the ability of selecting appropriate motor outcomes in accordance to specific environmental inputs. To this end, the primary motor cortex (M1) is a key structure for the control of voluntary movements and motor skills learning. Subcortical loops regulate the activity of the motor cortex and thus contribute to the selection of appropriate motor plans. Monoamines are key mediators of arousal, attention and motivation. Their firing pattern enables a direct encoding of different states thus promoting or repressing the selection of actions adapted to the behavioral context. Monoaminergic modulation of motor systems has been extensively studied in subcortical circuits. Despite evidence of converging projections of multiple neurotransmitters systems in the motor cortex pointing to a direct modulation of local circuits, their contribution to the execution and learning of motor skills is still poorly understood. Monoaminergic dysregulation leads to impaired plasticity and motor function in several neurological and psychiatric conditions, thus it is critical to better understand how monoamines modulate neural activity in the motor cortex. This review aims to provide an update of our current understanding on the monoaminergic modulation of the motor cortex with an emphasis on motor skill learning and execution under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Vitrac
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France.,Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Marianne Benoit-Marand
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, INSERM U1084, Poitiers, France.,Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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Zhu H, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Yin X, Xu B, Ma L, Liu X. Lack of β2-AR Increases Anxiety-Like Behaviors and Rewarding Properties of Cocaine. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:49. [PMID: 28348522 PMCID: PMC5346996 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that β-adrenoceptors (β-ARs) play a critical role in emotional arousal and stressful events, but the specific contributions of the β2-AR subtype to the psychological disorders are largely unknown. To investigate whether β2-AR are involved in anxiety-like behavior and reward to addictive drugs, we conducted a series of behavioral tests on β2-AR knock-out (KO) mice. β2-AR KO mice exhibited increased preference for the dark compartment and closed arm in tests of Light/Dark box and elevated plus maze, indicating that β2-AR deletion elevates level of anxiety or innate fear. β2-AR KO mice also showed decreased immobility in tail suspension test (TST), suggesting that β2-AR deletion inhibits depression-like behavior. Interestingly, β2-AR ablation did not change basal locomotion but significantly increased locomotor activity induced by acute cocaine administration. β2-AR KO mice showed enhanced place preference for cocaine, which could be attenuated by β1-selective AR antagonist betaxolol. Consistently, β2-AR agonist suppressed cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP). These data indicate that β2-AR deletion enhances acute response and reward to cocaine. Our results suggest that β2-AR regulates anxiety level, depression-like behavior and hedonic properties of cocaine, implicating that β2-AR are the potential targets for the treatment of emotional disorders and cocaine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Xuming Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and the Institutes of Brain Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University Shanghai, China
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44
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Luo F, Zheng J, Sun X, Tang H. Inward rectifier K+ channel and T-type Ca2+ channel contribute to enhancement of GABAergic transmission induced by β1-adrenoceptor in the prefrontal cortex. Exp Neurol 2017; 288:51-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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Chai GS, Wang YY, Zhu D, Yasheng A, Zhao P. Activation of β 2-adrenergic receptor promotes dendrite ramification and spine generation in APP/PS1 mice. Neurosci Lett 2016; 636:158-164. [PMID: 27838449 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, and currently there is no effective cure for this devastating disease. Decreases in the levels of β2-adrenoceptor (β2-AR) and norepinephrine have been reported in several regions of AD brains. The activation of β2AR can prevent the amyloid β (Aβ)-mediated inhibition of LTP (Long-term potentiation), but the mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we used APP/PS1 mice to study whether the activation of β2AR could remodel synaptic and/or dendritic plasticity. We found that the activation of β2AR by Clenbuterol (Clen) ameliorated memory deficits and promoted dendrite ramification and spine generation in hippocampal CA1 neurons, which was accompanied by the upregulation of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), synapsin 1 and synaptophysin. Conversely, the inhibition of β2AR by a siRNA blocked the Clen-induced increase in dendrite ramification and dendritic spines in primary hippocampal neurons. Furthermore, the activation of β2AR decreased cerebral amyloid plaques through the up-regulation of α-secretase activity and by decreasing the phosphorylation of APP at Thr668. Based on the roles of β2AR in dendrite ramification and spine generation, memory deficits and AD pathogenesis, compounds designed to activate β2AR might shed light on the cure of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Shang Chai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China.
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Dan Zhu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Amina Yasheng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, PR China.
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Atzori M, Cuevas-Olguin R, Esquivel-Rendon E, Garcia-Oscos F, Salgado-Delgado RC, Saderi N, Miranda-Morales M, Treviño M, Pineda JC, Salgado H. Locus Ceruleus Norepinephrine Release: A Central Regulator of CNS Spatio-Temporal Activation? Front Synaptic Neurosci 2016; 8:25. [PMID: 27616990 PMCID: PMC4999448 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2016.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) is synthesized in the Locus Coeruleus (LC) of the brainstem, from where it is released by axonal varicosities throughout the brain via volume transmission. A wealth of data from clinics and from animal models indicates that this catecholamine coordinates the activity of the central nervous system (CNS) and of the whole organism by modulating cell function in a vast number of brain areas in a coordinated manner. The ubiquity of NE receptors, the daunting number of cerebral areas regulated by the catecholamine, as well as the variety of cellular effects and of their timescales have contributed so far to defeat the attempts to integrate central adrenergic function into a unitary and coherent framework. Since three main families of NE receptors are represented-in order of decreasing affinity for the catecholamine-by: α2 adrenoceptors (α2Rs, high affinity), α1 adrenoceptors (α1Rs, intermediate affinity), and β adrenoceptors (βRs, low affinity), on a pharmacological basis, and on the ground of recent studies on cellular and systemic central noradrenergic effects, we propose that an increase in LC tonic activity promotes the emergence of four global states covering the whole spectrum of brain activation: (1) sleep: virtual absence of NE, (2) quiet wake: activation of α2Rs, (3) active wake/physiological stress: activation of α2- and α1-Rs, (4) distress: activation of α2-, α1-, and β-Rs. We postulate that excess intensity and/or duration of states (3) and (4) may lead to maladaptive plasticity, causing-in turn-a variety of neuropsychiatric illnesses including depression, schizophrenic psychoses, anxiety disorders, and attention deficit. The interplay between tonic and phasic LC activity identified in the LC in relationship with behavioral response is of critical importance in defining the short- and long-term biological mechanisms associated with the basic states postulated for the CNS. While the model has the potential to explain a large number of experimental and clinical findings, a major challenge will be to adapt this hypothesis to integrate the role of other neurotransmitters released during stress in a centralized fashion, like serotonin, acetylcholine, and histamine, as well as those released in a non-centralized fashion, like purines and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Atzori
- Neurobiology of Stress Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis PotosíSan Luis Potosí, Mexico; School for Behavior and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at DallasRichardson, TX, USA
| | - Roberto Cuevas-Olguin
- Neurobiology of Stress Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Eric Esquivel-Rendon
- Neurobiology of Stress Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Roberto C Salgado-Delgado
- Neurobiology of Stress Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Nadia Saderi
- Neurobiology of Stress Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Marcela Miranda-Morales
- Neurobiology of Stress Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Mario Treviño
- Laboratory of Cortical Plasticity and Learning, Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Juan C Pineda
- Electrophysiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Mérida, Mexico
| | - Humberto Salgado
- Electrophysiology Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales "Dr. Hideyo Noguchi", Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán Mérida, Mexico
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47
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Astrocytic β2-adrenergic receptors mediate hippocampal long-term memory consolidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:8526-31. [PMID: 27402767 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1605063113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotionally relevant experiences form strong and long-lasting memories by critically engaging the stress hormone/neurotransmitter noradrenaline, which mediates and modulates the consolidation of these memories. Noradrenaline acts through adrenergic receptors (ARs), of which β2-adrenergic receptors (βARs) are of particular importance. The differential anatomical and cellular distribution of βAR subtypes in the brain suggests that they play distinct roles in memory processing, although much about their specific contributions and mechanisms of action remains to be understood. Here we show that astrocytic rather than neuronal β2ARs in the hippocampus play a key role in the consolidation of a fear-based contextual memory. These hippocampal β2ARs, but not β1ARs, are coupled to the training-dependent release of lactate from astrocytes, which is necessary for long-term memory formation and for underlying molecular changes. This key metabolic role of astrocytic β2ARs may represent a novel target mechanism for stress-related psychopathologies and neurodegeneration.
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48
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Salgado H, Treviño M, Atzori M. Layer- and area-specific actions of norepinephrine on cortical synaptic transmission. Brain Res 2016; 1641:163-76. [PMID: 26820639 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral cortex is a critical target of the central noradrenergic system. The importance of norepinephrine (NE) in the regulation of cortical activity is underscored by clinical findings that involve this catecholamine and its receptor subtypes in the regulation of a large number of emotional and cognitive functions and illnesses. In this review, we highlight diverse effects of the LC/NE system in the mammalian cortex. Indeed, electrophysiological, pharmacological, and behavioral studies in the last few decades reveal that NE elicits a mixed repertoire of excitatory, inhibitory, and biphasic effects on the firing activity and transmitter release of cortical neurons. At the intrinsic cellular level, NE can produce a series of effects similar to those elicited by other monoamines or acetylcholine, associated with systemic arousal. At the synaptic level, NE induces numerous acute changes in synaptic function, and ׳gates' the induction of long-term plasticity of glutamatergic synapses, consisting in an enhancement of engaged and relevant cortical synapses and/or depression of unengaged synapses. Equally important in shaping cortical function, in many cortical areas NE promotes a characteristic, most often reversible, increase in the gain of local inhibitory synapses, whose extent and temporal properties vary between different areas and sometimes even between cortical layers of the same area. While we are still a long way from a comprehensive theory of the function of the LC/NE system, its cellular, synaptic, and plastic effects are consistent with the hypothesis that noradrenergic modulation is critical in coordinating the activity of cortical and subcortical circuits for the integration of sensory activity and working memory. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Noradrenergic System.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Atzori
- Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México.
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49
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Norepinephrine versus dopamine and their interaction in modulating synaptic function in the prefrontal cortex. Brain Res 2016; 1641:217-33. [PMID: 26790349 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Among the neuromodulators that regulate prefrontal cortical circuit function, the catecholamine transmitters norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) stand out as powerful players in working memory and attention. Perturbation of either NE or DA signaling is implicated in the pathogenesis of several neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia, and drug addiction. Although the precise mechanisms employed by NE and DA to cooperatively control prefrontal functions are not fully understood, emerging research indicates that both transmitters regulate electrical and biochemical aspects of neuronal function by modulating convergent ionic and synaptic signaling in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). This review summarizes previous studies that investigated the effects of both NE and DA on excitatory and inhibitory transmissions in the prefrontal cortical circuitry. Specifically, we focus on the functional interaction between NE and DA in prefrontal cortical local circuitry, synaptic integration, signaling pathways, and receptor properties. Although it is clear that both NE and DA innervate the PFC extensively and modulate synaptic function by activating distinctly different receptor subtypes and signaling pathways, it remains unclear how these two systems coordinate their actions to optimize PFC function for appropriate behavior. Throughout this review, we provide perspectives and highlight several critical topics for future studies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Noradrenergic System.
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50
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Chai GS, Wang YY, Yasheng A, Zhao P. Beta 2-adrenergic receptor activation enhances neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease mice. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1617-1624. [PMID: 27904493 PMCID: PMC5116841 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.193241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired hippocampal neurogenesis is one of the early pathological features of Alzheimer's disease. Enhancing adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been pursued as a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies have demonstrated that environmental novelty activates β2-adrenergic signaling and prevents the memory impairment induced by amyloid-β oligomers. Here, we hypothesized that β2-adrenoceptor activation would enhance neurogenesis and ameliorate memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of action of β2-adrenoceptor activation on neurogenesis and memory in amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) mice using the agonist clenbuterol (intraperitoneal injection, 2 mg/kg). We found that β2-adrenoceptor activation enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis, ameliorated memory deficits, and increased dendritic branching and the density of dendritic spines. These effects were associated with the upregulation of postsynaptic density 95, synapsin 1 and synaptophysin in APP/PS1 mice. Furthermore, β2-adrenoceptor activation decreased cerebral amyloid plaques by decreasing APP phosphorylation at Thr668. These findings suggest that β2-adrenoceptor activation enhances neurogenesis and ameliorates memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Shang Chai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Amina Yasheng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
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