1
|
Qu H, Tang H, Wang L, Wang W, Zhao Y, Chen A, Hu C. Effects on brain structural and functional in deaf children after aerobic exercise training: a pilot cluster randomized controlled study. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38618672 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2341910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: To examine effects of aerobic exercise interventions on brain via the structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), as well as functional change during working memory (WM) task using fMRI in deaf children.Method: The study applied a cluster randomized controlled design. Twelve deaf children in the intervention group were required to complete an eleven-week aerobic exercise intervention, while other twelve age and gender matched deaf children in the control group were required to keep their normal daily life. Task fMRI images of each participant were acquired in the baseline and post intervention period. The surface-based morphometry (SBM) analysis and functional activation analysis were employed to probe the effects of 11-week aerobic exercise on cerebral structural and functional in deaf children, respectively.Results: The 11-week aerobic exercise intervention did not change brain structure in deaf children. However, behavior performance (reaction time and mean accuracy rate) presented significant improvements after the 11-week aerobic exercise intervention. Compared to the control group, the intervention group showed decreased reaction time in the 2-back (p < 0.001) and 2-0 back (p < 0.001), and increased mean accuracy rate during 2-back (p = 0.034). Furthermore, enhanced brain activations in the left supplementary motor cortex (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected) and left paracentral lobule (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected) were observed in the intervention group.Conclusion: 11-week aerobic exercise intervention may not be able to modulate brain structure in deaf children, but may have significantly positive effects on behavior performance and brain functional activation during WM task.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Qu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Deparment of Health Sciences & Kinesiology, GA Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Liping Wang
- Department of Biobank, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University. Yangzhou Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Epigenetics and Epigenomics, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University. Yangzhou Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, China
| | - Aiguo Chen
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Matuz A, Darnai G, Zsidó AN, Janszky J, Csathó Á. Structural neural correlates of mental fatigue and reward-induced improvement in performance. Biol Futur 2024; 75:93-104. [PMID: 37889452 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-023-00187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies investigating the association between mental fatigue (henceforth fatigue) and brain physiology have identified many brain regions that may underly the cognitive changes induced by fatigue. These studies focused on the functional changes and functional connectivity of the brain relating to fatigue. The structural correlates of fatigue, however, have received little attention. To fill this gap, this study explored the associations of fatigue with cortical thickness of frontal and parietal regions. In addition, we aimed to explore the associations between reward-induced improvement in performance and neuroanatomical markers in fatigued individuals. Thirty-nine healthy volunteers performed the psychomotor vigilance task for 15 min (i.e., 3 time-on-task blocks of 5 min) out of scanner; followed by an additional rewarded block of the task lasting 5 min. Baseline high-resolution T1-weigthed MR images were obtained. Reaction time increased with time-on-task but got faster again in the rewarded block. Participants' subjective fatigue increased during task performance. In addition, we found that higher increase in subjective mental fatigue was associated with the cortical thickness of the following areas: bilateral precuneus, right precentral gyrus; right pars triangularis and left superior frontal gyrus. Our results suggest that individual differences in subjective mental fatigue may be explained by differences in the degree of cortical thickness of areas that are associated with motor processes, executive functions, intrinsic alertness and are parts of the default mode network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- András Matuz
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Gergely Darnai
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
| | - András N Zsidó
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Janszky
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Neurology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str. 12, Pécs, 7624, Hungary
- ELKH-PTE Clinical Neuroscience MR Research Group, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Árpád Csathó
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu HY, Huang CM, Hsu AL, Chen CN, Wu CW, Chen JH. Functional neuroplasticity of facilitation and interference effects on inhibitory control following 3-month physical exercise in aging. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3682. [PMID: 38355770 PMCID: PMC10866924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Preservation of executive function, like inhibition, closely links to the quality of life in senior adults. Although neuroimaging literature has shown enhanced inhibitory function followed by aerobic exercise, current evidence implies inconsistent neuroplasticity patterns along different time durations of exercise. Hence, we conducted a 12-week exercise intervention on 12 young and 14 senior volunteers and repeatedly measured the inhibitory functionality of distinct aspects (facilitation and interference effects) using the numerical Stroop task and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Results showcased improved accuracy and reduced reaction times (RT) after 12-week exercise, attributed to frontoparietal and default mode network effects. In young adults, the first phase (0 to six weeks) exercise increased the activation of the right superior medial frontal gyrus, associated with reduced RT in interference, but in the second intervention phase (six to twelve weeks), the decreased activation of the left superior medial frontal gyrus positively correlated with reduced RT in facilitation. In senior adults, the first six-week intervention led to reduced activations of the inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus, and default mode network regions, associated with the reduced RT in interference. Still, in the second intervention phase, only the visual area exhibited increased activity, associated with reduced RT in interference. Except for the distinctive brain plasticity between the two phases of exercise intervention, the between-group comparison also presented that the old group gained more cognitive benefits within the first six weeks of exercise intervention; however, the cognitive improvements in the young group occurred after six weeks of intervention. Limited by the sample size, these preliminary findings corroborated the benefits of aerobic exercise on the inhibitory functions, implying an age × exercise interaction on the brain plasticity for both facilitation and interference.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yi Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Mao Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ling Hsu
- Bachelor Program in Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Nan Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Changwei W Wu
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei, Taiwan.
- Research Center of Sleep Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jyh-Horng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Martín-Rodríguez A, Gostian-Ropotin LA, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Belando-Pedreño N, Simón JA, López-Mora C, Navarro-Jiménez E, Tornero-Aguilera JF, Clemente-Suárez VJ. Sporting Mind: The Interplay of Physical Activity and Psychological Health. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:37. [PMID: 38275986 PMCID: PMC10819297 DOI: 10.3390/sports12010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The symbiotic relationship between sports practice and psychological well-being has, in recent times, surged to the forefront of academic and public attention. The aim of this narrative review is to comprehensively explore the intricate pathways linking physical engagement in sports to its subsequent impacts on mental health and synthesize the multifarious effects of sports on psychological health, offering insights for integrating physical and psychological strategies to enhance well-being. From neurobiological underpinnings to therapeutic applications, this comprehensive manuscript provides an in-depth dive into the multifaceted world of sports and psychology. Highlighting evidence-based interventions, this review aspires to offer actionable insights for practitioners, athletes, and individuals alike, advocating for a holistic approach to mental well-being. This manuscript highlights the profound impact of sports on mental health, emphasizing its role in emotional regulation, resilience, cognitive function, and treating psychological conditions. It details how sports induce neurochemical changes, enhance brain functions like memory and learning, and aid against cognitive decline. This review also notes the benefits of regular exercise in mood improvement, stress management, and social skill enhancement, particularly when combined with mindfulness practices. It underscores the importance of considering cultural and gender perspectives in sports psychology, advocating for an integrated physical-psychological approach to promote overall well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Martín-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (L.A.G.-R.); (N.B.-P.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - Laura Augusta Gostian-Ropotin
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (L.A.G.-R.); (N.B.-P.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | | | - Noelia Belando-Pedreño
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (L.A.G.-R.); (N.B.-P.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - Juan Antonio Simón
- Department Ciencias Sociales Act Fis Deporte & Ocio, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Clara López-Mora
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud, Universidad Europea de Valencia, Pg. de l’Albereda, 7, 46010 València, Spain;
| | | | - José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (L.A.G.-R.); (N.B.-P.); (J.F.T.-A.)
| | - Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Tajo Street, s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.-R.); (L.A.G.-R.); (N.B.-P.); (J.F.T.-A.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Cultura, Educación y Sociedad, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kogan E, Lu J, Zuo Y. Cortical circuit dynamics underlying motor skill learning: from rodents to humans. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1292685. [PMID: 37965043 PMCID: PMC10641381 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1292685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor learning is crucial for the survival of many animals. Acquiring a new motor skill involves complex alterations in both local neural circuits in many brain regions and long-range connections between them. Such changes can be observed anatomically and functionally. The primary motor cortex (M1) integrates information from diverse brain regions and plays a pivotal role in the acquisition and refinement of new motor skills. In this review, we discuss how motor learning affects the M1 at synaptic, cellular, and circuit levels. Wherever applicable, we attempt to relate and compare findings in humans, non-human primates, and rodents. Understanding the underlying principles shared by different species will deepen our understanding of the neurobiological and computational basis of motor learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Zuo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kollndorfer K, Novak A, Nenning KH, Fischmeister FPS, Seidl R, Langs G, Kasprian G, Prayer D, Bartha-Doering L. Cortical thickness in the right medial frontal gyrus predicts planning performance in healthy children and adolescents. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1196707. [PMID: 37794918 PMCID: PMC10546024 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1196707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to plan is an important part of the set of the cognitive skills called "executive functions." To be able to plan actions in advance is of great importance in everyday life and constitutes one of the major key features for academic as well as economic success. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroanatomical correlates of planning in normally developing children, as measured by the cortical thickness of the prefrontal cortex. Eighteen healthy children and adolescents underwent structural MRI examinations and the Tower of London (ToL) task. A multiple regression analysis revealed that the cortical thickness of the right caudal middle frontal gyrus (cMFG) was a significant predictor of planning performance. Neither the cortical thickness of any other prefrontal area nor gender were significantly associated with performance in the ToL task. The results of the present exploratory study suggest that the cortical thickness of the right, but not the left cMFG, is positively correlated with performance in the ToL task. We, therefore, conclude that increased cortical thickness may be more beneficial for higher-order processes, such as information integration, than for lower-order processes, such as the analysis of external information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Kollndorfer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Developmental and Interventional Imaging (DIN) Lab, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Novak
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl-Heinz Nenning
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Computational Imaging Research Lab (CIR), Vienna, Austria
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| | - Florian Ph S. Fischmeister
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Developmental and Interventional Imaging (DIN) Lab, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rainer Seidl
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Langs
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Computational Imaging Research Lab (CIR), Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Bartha-Doering
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Z, Fan Q, Bilgic B, Wang G, Wu W, Polimeni JR, Miller KL, Huang SY, Tian Q. Diffusion MRI data analysis assisted by deep learning synthesized anatomical images (DeepAnat). Med Image Anal 2023; 86:102744. [PMID: 36867912 PMCID: PMC10517382 DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2023.102744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion MRI is a useful neuroimaging tool for non-invasive mapping of human brain microstructure and structural connections. The analysis of diffusion MRI data often requires brain segmentation, including volumetric segmentation and cerebral cortical surfaces, from additional high-resolution T1-weighted (T1w) anatomical MRI data, which may be unacquired, corrupted by subject motion or hardware failure, or cannot be accurately co-registered to the diffusion data that are not corrected for susceptibility-induced geometric distortion. To address these challenges, this study proposes to synthesize high-quality T1w anatomical images directly from diffusion data using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) (entitled "DeepAnat"), including a U-Net and a hybrid generative adversarial network (GAN), and perform brain segmentation on synthesized T1w images or assist the co-registration using synthesized T1w images. The quantitative and systematic evaluations using data of 60 young subjects provided by the Human Connectome Project (HCP) show that the synthesized T1w images and results for brain segmentation and comprehensive diffusion analysis tasks are highly similar to those from native T1w data. The brain segmentation accuracy is slightly higher for the U-Net than the GAN. The efficacy of DeepAnat is further validated on a larger dataset of 300 more elderly subjects provided by the UK Biobank. Moreover, the U-Nets trained and validated on the HCP and UK Biobank data are shown to be highly generalizable to the diffusion data from Massachusetts General Hospital Connectome Diffusion Microstructure Dataset (MGH CDMD) acquired with different hardware systems and imaging protocols and therefore can be used directly without retraining or with fine-tuning for further improved performance. Finally, it is quantitatively demonstrated that the alignment between native T1w images and diffusion images uncorrected for geometric distortion assisted by synthesized T1w images substantially improves upon that by directly co-registering the diffusion and T1w images using the data of 20 subjects from MGH CDMD. In summary, our study demonstrates the benefits and practical feasibility of DeepAnat for assisting various diffusion MRI data analyses and supports its use in neuroscientific applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Qiuyun Fan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Berkin Bilgic
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenchuan Wu
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Polimeni
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Karla L Miller
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susie Y Huang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qiyuan Tian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Women infertility and common mental disorders: A cross-sectional study from North India. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280054. [PMID: 36603005 PMCID: PMC9815660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility is a very distressing condition. It is often associated with long-term stress, which can emerge as anxiety and depression. AIM To understand the effect of socio-demographic variables, reproductive trajectories, and lifestyle variables on stress, depression, and anxiety independently and to understand the relationship of psychological variables with each other among infertile and fertile women. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited 500 women which included 250 primary infertile cases and 250 age-matched fertile controls of the age group 22-35 years. A pretested modified interview schedule was administered which included demographic variables, lifestyle variables, and reproductive trajectories. In addition, psychological tools like PSS, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 were used to collect the data pertaining to Stress, anxiety, and depression, respectively. Data analysis was performed with the statistical software version SPSS, IBM version 24. RESULTS Infertile women are more prone to various psychological disorder (stress, anxiety and depression). None of the demographic and lifestyle variables were associated with stress, anxiety, and depression among infertile women. Only reproductive trajectories were found to be causing stress, anxiety, and depression respectively among infertile women. In addition, stress is leading to both anxiety and depression among infertile women but only to depression in fertile women. CONCLUSION Infertile women should be counselled by medical experts regarding reproductive trajectories. Infertile couples should be guided and counselled to incorporate mental health screening and treatment in their routine check-up.
Collapse
|
9
|
Pasquini L, Jenabi M, Peck KK, Holodny AI. Language reorganization in patients with left-hemispheric gliomas is associated with increased cortical volume in language-related areas and in the default mode network. Cortex 2022; 157:245-255. [PMID: 36356409 PMCID: PMC10201933 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Language function may reorganize to overcome focal impairment; however, the relation between functional and structural changes in patients with brain tumors remains unclear. We investigated the cortical volume of atypical language dominant (AD) patients with left frontal-insular high-grade (HGG) and low-grade glioma (LGG). We hypothesized atypical language being associated with areas of increased cortical volume in the right hemisphere, including language areas homologues. METHODS Patient were recruited following the criteria: left frontal-insular glioma; functional MRI and 3DT1-weighted images; no artifacts. We calculated an hemispheric language laterality index (LI), defined as: AD if LI < .2; left-dominant (LD) if LI ≥ .2. We measured cortical volume in three voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses: total AD vs. LD patients; AD vs. LD in HGG; AD vs. LD in LGG. We repeated the analysis in AD vs. LD healthy controls (HC). A minimum threshold of t > 2 and corrected p < .025 (Bonferroni) was employed. RESULTS We recruited 119 patients (44LGG, 75HGG). Hemispheric LI demonstrated 64/119AD and 55/119LD patients. The first VBM analysis demonstrated significantly increased cortical volume in AD patients in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), right superior temporal gyrus (STG), right insula, right fusiform gyrus (FG), right precentral gyrus, right temporal-parietal junction, right posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), right hippocampus, right- and left cerebellum. AD patients with HGG showed the same areas of significantly increased cortical volume. AD patients with LGG displayed significantly increased cortical volume in right IFG, right STG, right insula, right FG, right anterior cingulate cortex, right PCC, right dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex. HC showed no significant results. CONCLUSION Right-sided (atypical) language activations in patients with left-hemispheric gliomas are associated with areas of increased cortical volume. Additionally, default mode network nodes showed greater cortical volume in AD patients regardless of the tumor grade, supporting the idea of these cortices participating in the development of language plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pasquini
- Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Neuroradiology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant'Andrea Hospital, La Sapienza University, Rome 00189, Italy.
| | - Mehrnaz Jenabi
- Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kyung K Peck
- Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Andrei I Holodny
- Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Weill-Cornell Graduate School of the Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Serra L, Giancaterino G, Giulietti G, Petrosini L, Di Domenico C, Marra C, Caltagirone C, Bassi A, Cercignani M, Bozzali M. Cognitive Reserve Modulates Brain Structure and Cortical Architecture in the Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 89:811-824. [PMID: 35964192 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reserve (CR) explains the individual resilience to neurodegeneration. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated the effect of CR in modulating brain cortical architecture. METHODS 278 individuals [110 Alzheimer's disease (AD), 104 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) due to AD, 64 healthy subjects (HS)] underwent a neuropsychological evaluation and 3T-MRI. Cortical thickness (CTh) and fractal dimension (FD) were assessed. Years of formal education were used as an index of CR by which participants were divided into high and low CR (HCR and LCR). Within-group differences in cortical architecture were assessed as a function of CR. Associations between cognitive scores and cortical measures were also evaluated. RESULTS aMCI-HCR compared to aMCI-LCR patients showed significant decrease of CTh in the right temporal and in the left prefrontal lobe. Moreover, they showed increased FD in the right temporal and in the left temporo-parietal lobes. Patients with AD-HCR showed reduced CTh in several brain areas and reduced FD in the left temporal cortices when compared with AD-LCR subjects. HS-HCR showed a significant increase of CTh in prefrontal areas bilaterally, and in the right parieto-occipital cortices. Finally, aMCI-HCR showed significant positive associations between brain measures and memory and executive performance. CONCLUSION CR modulates the cortical architecture at pre-dementia stage only. Indeed, only patients with aMCI showed both atrophy (likely due to neurodegeneration) alongside richer brain folding (likely due to reserve mechanisms) in temporo-parietal areas. This opposite trend was not observed in AD and HS. Our data confirm the existence of a limited time-window for CR modulation at the aMCI stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Serra
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Petrosini
- Laboratory of Experimental and Behavioural Neurophysiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Camillo Marra
- Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Clinicaland Behavioural Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bassi
- Department of Clinicaland Behavioural Neurology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Cercignani
- Cardiff University Brain Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Bozzali
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex -Brighton, United Kingdom.,Rita Levi Montalcini' Department of Neuroscience University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Musso M, Hübner D, Schwarzkopf S, Bernodusson M, LeVan P, Weiller C, Tangermann M. OUP accepted manuscript. Brain Commun 2022; 4:fcac008. [PMID: 35178518 PMCID: PMC8846581 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariacristina Musso
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Hübner
- Cluster of Excellence, BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Brain State Decoding Lab, Department of Computer Science, Technical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Schwarzkopf
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Bernodusson
- Cluster of Excellence, BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Radiology—Medical Physics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pierre LeVan
- Cluster of Excellence, BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Radiology—Medical Physics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Cornelius Weiller
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Tangermann
- Cluster of Excellence, BrainLinks-BrainTools, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Brain State Decoding Lab, Department of Computer Science, Technical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Donders Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence to: Michael Tangermann Donders Institute, Radboud University Thomas van Aquinostraat 4 6525 GD Nijmegen, The Netherlands E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gaalema DE, Mahoney K, Ballon JS. Cognition and Exercise: GENERAL OVERVIEW AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CARDIAC REHABILITATION. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2021; 41:400-406. [PMID: 34561368 PMCID: PMC8563446 DOI: 10.1097/hcr.0000000000000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Performance of endurance exercise is associated with a broad range of cognitive benefits, with notable improvements shown across a wide variety of populations including healthy populations as well as those with impaired cognition. By examining the effects of exercise in general populations, as well in populations where cognitive deficits are pronounced, and critical to self-care, we can learn more about using exercise to ameliorate cognitive issues and apply that knowledge to other patient populations, such as those eligible for cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Cognitive challenges are a concern within CR, as management of a chronic disease is cognitively taxing, and, as expected, deficits in cognition predict worse outcomes, including lower attendance at CR. Some subsets of patients within CR may be particularly at high risk for cognitive challenges including those with heart failure with low ejection fraction, recent coronary bypass surgery, multiple chronic conditions, and patients of lower socioeconomic status. Attendance at CR is associated with cognitive gains, likely through the progressive exercise component, with larger amounts of exercise over longer periods having greater benefits. Programs should identify at-risk patients, who could gain the most from completing CR, and provide additional support to keep those patients engaged. While engaged in CR, patients should be encouraged to exercise, at least at moderate intensity, and transitioned to a long-term exercise regimen. Overall, CR programs are well-positioned to support these patients and make significant contributions to their long-term well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diann E Gaalema
- University of Vermont, Burlington (Dr Gaalema and Ms Mahoney); and Stanford University, Stanford, California (Dr Ballon)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sex-specific behavioral and structural alterations caused by early-life stress in C57BL/6 and BTBR mice. Behav Brain Res 2021; 414:113489. [PMID: 34303728 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lately, the development of various mental illnesses, such as depression, personality disorders, and autism spectrum disorders, is often associated with traumatic events in childhood. Nonetheless, the mechanism giving rise to this predisposition is still unknown. Because the development of a disease often depends on a combination of a genetic background and environment, we decided to evaluate the effect of early-life stress on BTBR mice, which have behavioral, neuroanatomical, and physiological features of autism spectrum disorders. As early-life stress, we used prolonged separation of pups from their mothers in the first 2 weeks of life (3 h once a day). We assessed effects of the early-life stress on juvenile (postnatal day 23) and adolescent (postnatal days 37-38) male and female mice of strains C57BL/6 (B6) and BTBR. We found that in both strains, the early-life stress did not lead to changes in the level of social behavior, which is an important characteristic of autism-related behavior. Nonetheless, the early-life stress resulted in increased locomotor activity in juvenile BTBR mice. In adolescent mice, the stress early in life caused a low level of anxiety in B6 males and BTBR females and increased exploratory activity in adolescent BTBR males and females. In addition, adolescent B6 male and female mice with a history of the early-life stress tended to have a thinner motor cortex as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. As compared to B6 mice, BTBR mice showed reduced levels of social behavior and exploratory activity but their level of locomotor activity was higher. BTBR mice had smaller whole-brain, cortical, and dorsal hippocampal volumes; decreased motor cortex thickness; and increased ventral-hippocampus volume as compared to B6 mice, and these parameters correlated with the level of exploratory behavior of BTBR mice. Overall, the effects of early postnatal stress are sex- and strain-dependent.
Collapse
|
14
|
Tian Q, Zaretskaya N, Fan Q, Ngamsombat C, Bilgic B, Polimeni JR, Huang SY. Improved cortical surface reconstruction using sub-millimeter resolution MPRAGE by image denoising. Neuroimage 2021; 233:117946. [PMID: 33711484 PMCID: PMC8421085 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Automatic cerebral cortical surface reconstruction is a useful tool for cortical anatomy quantification, analysis and visualization. Recently, the Human Connectome Project and several studies have shown the advantages of using T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images with sub-millimeter isotropic spatial resolution instead of the standard 1-mm isotropic resolution for improved accuracy of cortical surface positioning and thickness estimation. Nonetheless, sub-millimeter resolution images are noisy by nature and require averaging multiple repetitions to increase the signal-to-noise ratio for precisely delineating the cortical boundary. The prolonged acquisition time and potential motion artifacts pose significant barriers to the wide adoption of cortical surface reconstruction at sub-millimeter resolution for a broad range of neuroscientific and clinical applications. We address this challenge by evaluating the cortical surface reconstruction resulting from denoised single-repetition sub-millimeter T1-weighted images. We systematically characterized the effects of image denoising on empirical data acquired at 0.6 mm isotropic resolution using three classical denoising methods, including denoising convolutional neural network (DnCNN), block-matching and 4-dimensional filtering (BM4D) and adaptive optimized non-local means (AONLM). The denoised single-repetition images were found to be highly similar to 6-repetition averaged images, with a low whole-brain averaged mean absolute difference of ~0.016, high whole-brain averaged peak signal-to-noise ratio of ~33.5 dB and structural similarity index of ~0.92, and minimal gray matter–white matter contrast loss (2% to 9%). The whole-brain mean absolute discrepancies in gray matter–white matter surface placement, gray matter–cerebrospinal fluid surface placement and cortical thickness estimation were lower than 165 μm, 155 μm and 145 μm—sufficiently accurate for most applications. These discrepancies were approximately one third to half of those from 1-mm isotropic resolution data. The denoising performance was equivalent to averaging ~2.5 repetitions of the data in terms of image similarity, and 1.6–2.2 repetitions in terms of the cortical surface placement accuracy. The scan-rescan variability of the cortical surface positioning and thickness estimation was lower than 170 μm. Our unique dataset and systematic characterization support the use of denoising methods for improved cortical surface reconstruction at sub-millimeter resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Tian
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Natalia Zaretskaya
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, Austria
| | - Qiuyun Fan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chanon Ngamsombat
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States; Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Berkin Bilgic
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan R Polimeni
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Susie Y Huang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tian Q, Bilgic B, Fan Q, Ngamsombat C, Zaretskaya N, Fultz NE, Ohringer NA, Chaudhari AS, Hu Y, Witzel T, Setsompop K, Polimeni JR, Huang SY. Improving in vivo human cerebral cortical surface reconstruction using data-driven super-resolution. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:463-482. [PMID: 32887984 PMCID: PMC7727379 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate and automated reconstruction of the in vivo human cerebral cortical surface from anatomical magnetic resonance (MR) images facilitates the quantitative analysis of cortical structure. Anatomical MR images with sub-millimeter isotropic spatial resolution improve the accuracy of cortical surface and thickness estimation compared to the standard 1-millimeter isotropic resolution. Nonetheless, sub-millimeter resolution acquisitions require averaging multiple repetitions to achieve sufficient signal-to-noise ratio and are therefore long and potentially vulnerable to subject motion. We address this challenge by synthesizing sub-millimeter resolution images from standard 1-millimeter isotropic resolution images using a data-driven supervised machine learning-based super-resolution approach achieved via a deep convolutional neural network. We systematically characterize our approach using a large-scale simulated dataset and demonstrate its efficacy in empirical data. The super-resolution data provide improved cortical surfaces similar to those obtained from native sub-millimeter resolution data. The whole-brain mean absolute discrepancy in cortical surface positioning and thickness estimation is below 100 μm at the single-subject level and below 50 μm at the group level for the simulated data, and below 200 μm at the single-subject level and below 100 μm at the group level for the empirical data, making the accuracy of cortical surfaces derived from super-resolution sufficient for most applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Tian
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Berkin Bilgic
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Qiuyun Fan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Chanon Ngamsombat
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Natalia Zaretskaya
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Austria
| | - Nina E Fultz
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Ned A Ohringer
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Akshay S Chaudhari
- Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yuxin Hu
- Radiological Sciences Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Thomas Witzel
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kawin Setsompop
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan R Polimeni
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Susie Y Huang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Umesh A, Kutten KS, Hogan PS, Ratnanather JT, Chib VS. Motor cortical thickness is related to effort-based decision-making in humans. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:2373-2381. [PMID: 32374197 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00118.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although motor cortex is integral in driving physical exertion, how its inherent properties influence decisions to exert is unknown. In this study, we examined how anatomical properties of motor cortex are related to participants' subjective valuations of effort and their decisions to exert effort. We used computational modeling to characterize participants' subjective valuation of physical effort during an effort-based decision-making task in which they made choices about exerting different levels of hand-grip exertion. We also acquired structural MRI data from these participants and extracted anatomical measures of each individual's hand knob, the region of motor cortex recruited during hand-grip exertion. We found that individual participants' cortical thickness of hand knob was associated with their effort-based decisions regarding hand exertion. These data provide evidence that the anatomy of an individual's motor cortex is an important factor in decisions to engage in physical activity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY How effortful a task feels is an integral aspect of human decision-making that influences choices to engage in physical activity. We show that properties of motor cortex (the brain region responsible for physical exertion) are related to assessments of effort and decisions to exert. These findings provide a link between the anatomical properties of motor cortex and the cognitive function of effort-based choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amith Umesh
- Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kwame S Kutten
- Center for Imaging Science and Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patrick S Hogan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - J Tilak Ratnanather
- Center for Imaging Science and Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Vikram S Chib
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Diao Q, Liu J, Zhang X. Enhanced positive functional connectivity strength in left-sided chronic subcortical stroke. Brain Res 2020; 1733:146727. [PMID: 32061738 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Patients with stroke often exhibit evidence of abnormal functional connectivity (FC). However, whether and how anatomical distance affects FC at rest remains unclear in patients with chronic subcortical stroke. Eighty-six patients with chronic (more than six months post-onset) subcortical stroke (44 left-sided patients and 42 right-sided patients) with different degrees of functional recovery, and 75 matched healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Positive functional connectivity strength (FCS) was computed for each voxel in the brain using a data-driven whole-brain resting state FCS method, which was further divided into short- and long-range FCS. Compared with healthy controls, patients with left-sided infarctions exhibited stronger global- and long-range FCS in the left sensorimotor cortex (SMC), and no significant intergroup difference was found for short-range FCS. No significant differences were found between the patients with right-sided infarctions and healthy controls for global, long- and short-range FCS. These findings suggested that the positive FCS alteration was connection-distance dependent within patients with left-sided chronic subcortical stroke. Also, a positive correlation was found between the FCS in the left SMC and the accuracy of the Flanker test, reflecting a compensatory FCS alteration for altered attention and executive function abilities exhibited by those with left-sided stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Diao
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gouveia HJCB, Manhães-de-Castro R, Costa-de-Santana BJR, Mendonça CR, Albuquerque G, Visco DB, Lacerda DC, Toscano AE. Maternal exposure to busulfan reduces the cell number in the somatosensory cortex associated with delayed somatic and reflex maturation in neonatal rats. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 103:101710. [PMID: 31706849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Busulfan is a bifunctional alkylating agent used for myeloablative conditioning and in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia due to its ability to cause DNA damage. However, in rodent experiments, busulfan presented a potential teratogenic and cytotoxic effect. Studies have evaluated the effects of busulfan on fetuses after administration in pregnancy or directly on pups during the lactation period. There are no studies on the effects of busulfan administration during pregnancy on offspring development after birth. We investigated the effects of busulfan on somatic and reflex development and encephalic morphology in young rats after exposure in pregnancy. The pregnant rats were exposed to busulfan (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) during the early developmental stage (days 12-14 of the gestational period). After birth, we evaluated the somatic growth, maturation of physical features and reflex-ontogeny during the lactation period. We also assessed the effects of busulfan on encephalic weight and cortical morphometry at 28 days of postnatal life. As a result, busulfan-induced pathological changes included: microcephaly, evaluated by the reduction of cranial axes, delay in reflex maturation and physical features, as well as a decrease in the morphometric parameters of somatosensory and motor cortex. Thus, these results suggest that the administration of a DNA alkylating agent, such as busulfan, during the gestational period can cause damage to the central nervous system in the pups throughout their postnatal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique J C B Gouveia
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Bárbara J R Costa-de-Santana
- Post Graduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Carolina R Mendonça
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Glayciele Albuquerque
- Post Graduate Program in Physiotherapy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Diego Bulcão Visco
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Diego Cabral Lacerda
- Post Graduate Program in Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Toscano
- Department of Nursing, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nierhaus T, Vidaurre C, Sannelli C, Mueller K, Villringer A. Immediate brain plasticity after one hour of brain–computer interface (BCI). J Physiol 2019; 599:2435-2451. [DOI: 10.1113/jp278118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Till Nierhaus
- Department of Neurology Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany
- Neurocomputation and Neuroimaging Unit (NNU), Department of Education and Psychology Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Carmen Vidaurre
- Machine Learning Group EE & Computer Science Faculty TU‐Berlin Germany
- Department Statistics, Informatics and Mathematics Public University of Navarra Spain
| | - Claudia Sannelli
- Machine Learning Group EE & Computer Science Faculty TU‐Berlin Germany
| | - Klaus‐Robert Mueller
- Machine Learning Group EE & Computer Science Faculty TU‐Berlin Germany
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering Korea University Anam‐dong Seongbuk‐gu Seoul 02841 Korea
- Max Planck Institute for Informatics Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany
- MindBrainBody Institute at Berlin School of Mind and Brain Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Humboldt‐University Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rowley CD, Bock NA, Deichmann R, Engeroff T, Hattingen E, Hellweg R, Pilatus U, Füzéki E, Gerten S, Vogt L, Banzer W, Pantel J, Fleckenstein J, Matura S. Exercise and microstructural changes in the motor cortex of older adults. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:1711-1722. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas A. Bock
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada
| | | | - Tobias Engeroff
- Department of Sports Medicine Institute of Sports Sciences Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Elke Hattingen
- Institute of Neuroradiology Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Rainer Hellweg
- Neurobiology and Neurotrophins Laboratory Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charité University Medicine Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Ulrich Pilatus
- Institute of Neuroradiology Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Eszter Füzéki
- Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine Goethe-University Frankfurt Germany
| | - Sina Gerten
- Department of Sports Medicine Institute of Sports Sciences Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine Institute of Sports Sciences Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine Goethe-University Frankfurt Germany
| | - Johannes Pantel
- Institute of General Practice Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Johannes Fleckenstein
- Department of Sports Medicine Institute of Sports Sciences Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - Silke Matura
- Institute of General Practice Goethe University Frankfurt am Main Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
There are vast literatures on the neural effects of alcohol and the neural effects of exercise. Simply put, exercise is associated with brain health, alcohol is not, and the mechanisms by which exercise benefits the brain directly counteract the mechanisms by which alcohol damages it. Although a degree of brain recovery naturally occurs upon cessation of alcohol consumption, effective treatments for alcohol-induced brain damage are badly needed, and exercise is an excellent candidate from a mechanistic standpoint. In this chapter, we cover the small but growing literature on the interactive neural effects of alcohol and exercise, and the capacity of exercise to repair alcohol-induced brain damage. Increasingly, exercise is being used as a component of treatment for alcohol use disorders (AUD), not because it reverses alcohol-induced brain damage, but because it represents a rewarding, alcohol-free activity that could reduce alcohol cravings and improve comorbid conditions such as anxiety and depression. It is important to bear in mind, however, that multiple studies attest to a counterintuitive positive relationship between alcohol intake and exercise. We therefore conclude with cautionary notes regarding the use of exercise to repair the brain after alcohol damage.
Collapse
|
22
|
Lin L, Fu Z, Wu Y, Wu S. Voluntary wheel running delays brain atrophy in aged mice. Technol Health Care 2019; 27:175-184. [PMID: 31045537 PMCID: PMC6598028 DOI: 10.3233/thc-199017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Physical exercises have been shown to be a surprisingly effective strategy to take advantage of the brain’s natural capacity for plasticity, and prevent brain degeneration in mouse histological studies. In vivo magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) provides highly resolved anatomical images and allows quantitative assessment of brain atrophy in the aged mouse model. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate, through the effects of 10 weeks voluntary wheel running, the mouse’s brain atrophy. METHODS: Sixteen C57BL/6J mice, aged 21 months, were randomized to the exercise or sedentary group. Each mouse was scanned in a 7.0-T MRM scanner at two time points: 22 months old baseline and a follow-up three months later. Multi-atlas based brain segmentation approach was used to obtain volumes of 39 brain regions. RESULTS: The results showed that mice in the exercise group had less brain atrophy compared with the mice in the sedentary group. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide new insights into exercise induced brain plasticity in aged animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lin
- Corresponding author: Lan Lin, Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China. Tel.: +86 10 67391610; Fax: +86 10 67391610; E-mail:
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Combining lifestyle risks to disentangle brain structure and functional connectivity differences in older adults. Nat Commun 2019; 10:621. [PMID: 30728360 PMCID: PMC6365564 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle contributes to inter-individual variability in brain aging, but previous studies focused on the effects of single lifestyle variables. Here, we studied the combined and individual contributions of four lifestyle variables - alcohol consumption, smoking, physical activity, and social integration - to brain structure and functional connectivity in a population-based cohort of 549 older adults. A combined lifestyle risk score was associated with decreased gyrification in left premotor and right prefrontal cortex, and higher functional connectivity to sensorimotor and prefrontal cortex. While structural differences were driven by alcohol consumption, physical activity, and social integration, higher functional connectivity was driven by smoking. Results suggest that combining differentially contributing lifestyle variables may be more than the sum of its parts. Associations generally were neither altered by adjustment for genetic risk, nor by depressive symptomatology or education, underlining the relevance of daily habits for brain health. Lifestyle factors such as smoking and exercise contribute to the health of the brain during aging, but previous studies have focused on the effects of single lifestyle variables. Here, the authors examine the combined and individual effects of four lifestyle variables on brain structure and function.
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang C, Zhao L, Luo Y, Liu J, Miao P, Wei S, Shi L, Cheng J. Structural covariance in subcortical stroke patients measured by automated MRI-based volumetry. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 22:101682. [PMID: 30710874 PMCID: PMC6357849 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A network-level investigation of the volumetric changes of subcortical stroke patients is still lacking. Here, we explored the alterations of structural covariance caused by subcortical stroke with automated brain volumetry. T1-weighed brain MRI scans were obtained from 63 normal controls (NC), 46 stroke patients with infarct in left internal capsule (CI_L), 33 stroke patients with infarct in right internal capsule (CI_R). We performed automatic anatomical segmentation of the T1-weighted brain images with AccuBrain. Volumetric structural covariance analyses were first performed within the basal ganglia structures that were both identified by voxel-based morphometry with AAL atlas and AccuBrain. Subsequently, we additionally included the infratentorial regions that were particularly quantified by AccuBrain for the structural covariance analyses and investigated the alterations of anatomical connections within these subcortical regions in CI_L and CI_R compared with NC. The association between the regional brain volumetry and motor function was also evaluated in stroke groups. There were significant and extensive volumetric differences in stroke patients. These significant regions were generally symmetric for CI_L and CI_R group depending on the side of stroke, involving both regions close to lesions and remote regions. The structural covariance analyses revealed the synergy volume alteration in subcortical regions both in CI_L and CI_R group. In addition, the alterations of volumetric structural covariance were more extensive in CI_L group than CI_R group. Moreover, we found that the subcortical regions with atrophy contributed to the deficits of motor function in CI_R group but not CI_L group, indicating a lesion-side effect of brain volumetric changes after stroke. These findings indicated that the chronic subcortical stroke patients have extensive disordered anatomical connections involving the whole-brain level network, and the connections patterns depend on the lesion-side. Chronic subcortical stroke patients show extensive brain volumetric atrophy. Subcortical stroke patients show disordered structural covariance network pattern. Brain volumetric and connections patterns change depend on the lesion-side.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- BrainNow Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yishan Luo
- BrainNow Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jingchun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peifang Miao
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Wei
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Shi
- BrainNow Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of MRI, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Repairing the brain with physical exercise: Cortical thickness and brain volume increases in long-term pediatric brain tumor survivors in response to a structured exercise intervention. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2018; 18:972-985. [PMID: 29876282 PMCID: PMC5987848 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that exercise induced experience dependent plasticity may foster structural and functional recovery following brain injury. We examined the efficacy of exercise training for neural and cognitive recovery in long-term pediatric brain tumor survivors treated with radiation. We conducted a controlled clinical trial with crossover of exercise training (vs. no training) in a volunteer sample of 28 children treated with cranial radiation for brain tumors (mean age = 11.5 yrs.; mean time since diagnosis = 5.7 yrs). The endpoints were anatomical T1 MRI data and multiple behavioral outcomes presenting a broader analysis of structural MRI data across the entire brain. This included an analysis of changes in cortical thickness and brain volume using automated, user unbiased approaches. A series of general linear mixed effects models evaluating the effects of exercise training on cortical thickness were performed in a voxel and vertex-wise manner, as well as for specific regions of interest. In exploratory analyses, we evaluated the relationship between changes in cortical thickness after exercise with multiple behavioral outcomes, as well as the relation of these measures at baseline. Exercise was associated with increases in cortical thickness within the right pre and postcentral gyri. Other notable areas of increased thickness related to training were present in the left pre and postcentral gyri, left temporal pole, left superior temporal gyrus, and left parahippocampal gyrus. Further, we observed that compared to a separate cohort of healthy children, participants displayed multiple areas with a significantly thinner cortex prior to training and fewer differences following training, indicating amelioration of anatomical deficits. Partial least squares analysis (PLS) revealed specific patterns of relations between cortical thickness and various behavioral outcomes both after training and at baseline. Overall, our results indicate that exercise training in pediatric brain tumor patients treated with radiation has a beneficial impact on brain structure. We argue that exercise training should be incorporated into the development of neuro-rehabilitative treatments for long-term pediatric brain tumor survivors and other populations with acquired brain injury. (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01944761) Exercise training in pediatric brain tumor patients treated with radiation results in changes in brain structure Exercise was associated with increased cortical thickness in several areas including motor and somatosensory cortex Fewer differences between patients and healthy controls in cortical thickness were seen following exercise training Specific patterns of relations between cortical thickness and behavior at a baseline and after exercise training were seen
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Zaretskaya N, Fischl B, Reuter M, Renvall V, Polimeni JR. Advantages of cortical surface reconstruction using submillimeter 7 T MEMPRAGE. Neuroimage 2017; 165:11-26. [PMID: 28970143 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in MR technology have enabled increased spatial resolution for routine functional and anatomical imaging, which has created demand for software tools that are able to process these data. The availability of high-resolution data also raises the question of whether higher resolution leads to substantial gains in accuracy of quantitative morphometric neuroimaging procedures, in particular the cortical surface reconstruction and cortical thickness estimation. In this study we adapted the FreeSurfer cortical surface reconstruction pipeline to process structural data at native submillimeter resolution. We then quantified the differences in surface placement between meshes generated from (0.75 mm)3 isotropic resolution data acquired in 39 volunteers and the same data downsampled to the conventional 1 mm3 voxel size. We find that when processed at native resolution, cortex is estimated to be thinner in most areas, but thicker around the Cingulate and the Calcarine sulci as well as in the posterior bank of the Central sulcus. Thickness differences are driven by two kinds of effects. First, the gray-white surface is found closer to the white matter, especially in cortical areas with high myelin content, and thus low contrast, such as the Calcarine and the Central sulci, causing local increases in thickness estimates. Second, the gray-CSF surface is placed more interiorly, especially in the deep sulci, contributing to local decreases in thickness estimates. We suggest that both effects are due to reduced partial volume effects at higher spatial resolution. Submillimeter voxel sizes can therefore provide improved accuracy for measuring cortical thickness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zaretskaya
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany; Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Computer Science and AI Lab (CSAIL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martin Reuter
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Computer Science and AI Lab (CSAIL), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, DZNE, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ville Renvall
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jonathan R Polimeni
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wall J, Xie H, Wang X. An Exploration Into Short-Interval Maintenance of Adult Hemispheric Cortical Thickness at an Individual Brain Level. J Exp Neurosci 2017; 11:1179069517733453. [PMID: 28989284 PMCID: PMC5624352 DOI: 10.1177/1179069517733453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult cerebral cortical structure is thought to be statically maintained over short intervals. This view is based on group average findings but has never been studied at the individual level. This issue was examined with an unconventional longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging design which measured hemispheric mean cortical thickness of an adult man repeatedly at week intervals over 6 months. These measures were compared with measurement error estimates to test the current prediction that thickness measures would be statically maintained within measurement error variation. The results did not support this prediction. Thickness underwent incremental and decremental fluctuations which ranged up to 0.12 mm and 5.83% over week and multiweek intervals and which differed from measurement error variation. These exploratory analyses suggest a working hypothesis that short-interval cortical structural maintenance in an individual can involve fluctuations in thickness. If confirmed, this hypothesis has potential implications for cortical maintenance mechanisms and precision medicine approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Wall
- William R. Bauer Human Brain MRI Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Hong Xie
- William R. Bauer Human Brain MRI Laboratory, Department of Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- William R. Bauer Human Brain MRI Laboratory, Departments of Psychiatry, Radiology, and Neurosciences, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Rogenmoser L, Kernbach J, Schlaug G, Gaser C. Keeping brains young with making music. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 223:297-305. [PMID: 28815301 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Music-making is a widespread leisure and professional activity that has garnered interest over the years due to its effect on brain and cognitive development and its potential as a rehabilitative and restorative therapy of brain dysfunctions. We investigated whether music-making has a potential age-protecting effect on the brain. For this, we studied anatomical magnetic resonance images obtained from three matched groups of subjects who differed in their lifetime dose of music-making activities (i.e., professional musicians, amateur musicians, and non-musicians). For each subject, we calculated a so-called BrainAGE score which corresponds to the discrepancy (in years) between chronological age and the "age of the brain", with negative values reflecting an age-decelerating brain and positive values an age-accelerating brain, respectively. The index of "brain age" was estimated using a machine-learning algorithm that was trained in a large independent sample to identify anatomical correlates of brain-aging. Compared to non-musicians, musicians overall had lower BrainAGE scores, with amateur musicians having the lowest scores suggesting that music-making has an age-decelerating effect on the brain. Unlike the amateur musicians, the professional musicians showed a positive correlation between their BrainAGE scores and years of music-making, possibly indicating that engaging more intensely in just one otherwise enriching activity might not be as beneficial than if the activity is one of several that an amateur musician engages in. Intense music-making activities at a professional level could also lead to stress-related interferences and a less enriched environment than that of amateur musicians, possibly somewhat diminishing the otherwise positive effect of music-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Rogenmoser
- Music, Neuroimaging, and Stroke Recovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Julius Kernbach
- Music, Neuroimaging, and Stroke Recovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gottfried Schlaug
- Music, Neuroimaging, and Stroke Recovery Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Christian Gaser
- Structural Brain Mapping Group, Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, University Hospital Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Corporaal SHA, Gooijers J, Chalavi S, Cheval B, Swinnen SP, Boisgontier MP. Neural predictors of motor control and impact of visuo-proprioceptive information in youth. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 38:5628-5647. [PMID: 28782899 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
For successful motor control, the central nervous system is required to combine information from the environment and the current body state, which is provided by vision and proprioception respectively. We investigated the relative contribution of visual and proprioceptive information to upper limb motor control and the extent to which structural brain measures predict this performance in youth (n = 40; age range 9-18 years). Participants performed a manual tracking task, adopting in-phase and anti-phase coordination modes. Results showed that, in contrast to older participants, younger participants performed the task with lower accuracy in general and poorer performance in anti-phase than in-phase modes. However, a proprioceptive advantage was found at all ages, that is, tracking accuracy was higher when proprioceptive information was available during both in- and anti-phase modes at all ages. The microstructural organization of interhemispheric connections between homologous dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, and the cortical thickness of the primary motor cortex were associated with sensory-specific accuracy of tracking performance. Overall, the findings suggest that manual tracking performance in youth does not only rely on brain regions involved in sensorimotor processing, but also on prefrontal regions involved in attention and working memory. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5628-5647, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharissa H A Corporaal
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolien Gooijers
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sima Chalavi
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Boris Cheval
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss NCCR "LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives", University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan P Swinnen
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthieu P Boisgontier
- Department of Movement Sciences, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dorr A, Thomason LA, Koletar MM, Joo IL, Steinman J, Cahill LS, Sled JG, Stefanovic B. Effects of voluntary exercise on structure and function of cortical microvasculature. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:1046-1059. [PMID: 27683451 PMCID: PMC5363487 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16669514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic activity has been shown highly beneficial to brain health, yet much uncertainty still surrounds the effects of exercise on the functioning of cerebral microvasculature. This study used two-photon fluorescence microscopy to examine cerebral hemodynamic alterations as well as accompanying geometric changes in the cortical microvascular network following five weeks of voluntary exercise in transgenic mice endogenously expressing tdTomato in vascular endothelial cells to allow visualization of microvessels irrespective of their perfusion levels. We found a diminished microvascular response to a hypercapnic challenge (10% FiCO2) in running mice when compared to that in nonrunning controls despite commensurate increases in transcutaneous CO2 tension. The flow increase to hypercapnia in runners was 70% lower than that in nonrunners (p = 0.0070) and the runners' arteriolar red blood cell speed changed by only half the amount seen in nonrunners (p = 0.0085). No changes were seen in resting hemodynamics or in the systemic physiological parameters measured. Although a few unperfused new vessels were observed on visual inspection, running did not produce significant morphological differences in the microvascular morphometric parameters, quantified following semiautomated tracking of the microvascular networks. We propose that voluntary running led to increased cortical microvascular efficiency and desensitization to CO2 elevation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Illsung L Joo
- 1 Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,2 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joe Steinman
- 2 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,3 Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lindsay S Cahill
- 3 Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - John G Sled
- 2 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,3 Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bojana Stefanovic
- 1 Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,2 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Reid LB, Pagnozzi AM, Fiori S, Boyd RN, Dowson N, Rose SE. Measuring neuroplasticity associated with cerebral palsy rehabilitation: An MRI based power analysis. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 58:17-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lee B. Reid
- The Australian e‐Health Research Centre, CSIROBrisbaneAustralia
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research CentreFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Alex M. Pagnozzi
- The Australian e‐Health Research Centre, CSIROBrisbaneAustralia
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research CentreFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Simona Fiori
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversità di PisaPisaItaly
| | - Roslyn N. Boyd
- Queensland Cerebral Palsy and Rehabilitation Research CentreFaculty of MedicineThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Nicholas Dowson
- The Australian e‐Health Research Centre, CSIROBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Stephen E. Rose
- The Australian e‐Health Research Centre, CSIROBrisbaneAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nobre MJ. Environmental enrichment may protect against neural and behavioural damage caused by withdrawal from chronic alcohol intake. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 55:15-27. [PMID: 27616301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to stress and prolonged exposure to alcohol leads to neuronal damages in several brain regions, being the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) one of the most affected. These changes presumably reduce the ability of the organism to cope with these stimuli and may underlie a series of maladaptive behaviours among which include drug addiction and withdrawal. Drug-addicted individuals show a pattern of behavior similar to patients with lesions of the mPFC. This impairment in the decision-making could be one of the mechanisms responsible for the transition from the casual to compulsive drug use. The environmental enrichment (EE) has a protective effect on the neural and cognitive impairments induced by psychoactive drugs, including ethyl alcohol. The present study aims to determine the influence of withdrawal from intermittent long-term alcohol exposure on alcohol preference, emotional reactivity and neural aspects of early isolated or grouped reared rats kept under standard or complex environments and the influence of social isolation on these measures, as well. Our results point out new insights on this matter showing that the EE can attenuate the adverse effects of withdrawal and social isolation on rat's behavior. This effect is probably due to its protective action on the mPFC integrity, including the cingulate area 1 (Cg1), and the prelimbic (PrL) and infralimbic cortex (IL), what could account for the absence of changes in the emotional reactivity in EE alcohol withdrawal rats. We argue that morphological changes at these cortical levels can afford the emotional, cognitive and behavioural dysregulations verified following withdrawal from chronic alcohol intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoel Jorge Nobre
- Departamento de Psicologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Psicologia, Uni-FACEF, 14401-135, Franca, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Neurociências e Comportamento-INeC, Campus USP, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gamba M, Torti V, Estienne V, Randrianarison RM, Valente D, Rovara P, Bonadonna G, Friard O, Giacoma C. The Indris Have Got Rhythm! Timing and Pitch Variation of a Primate Song Examined between Sexes and Age Classes. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:249. [PMID: 27378834 PMCID: PMC4908265 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A crucial, common feature of speech and music is that they show non-random structures over time. It is an open question which of the other species share rhythmic abilities with humans, but in most cases the lack of knowledge about their behavioral displays prevents further studies. Indris are the only lemurs who sing. They produce loud howling cries that can be heard at several kilometers, in which all members of a group usually sing. We tested whether overlapping and turn-taking during the songs followed a precise pattern by analysing the temporal structure of the individuals' contribution to the song. We found that both dominants (males and females) and non-dominants influenced the onset timing one another. We have found that the dominant male and the dominant female in a group overlapped each other more frequently than they did with the non-dominants. We then focused on the temporal and frequency structure of particular phrases occurring during the song. Our results show that males and females have dimorphic inter-onset intervals during the phrases. Moreover, median frequencies of the unit emitted in the phrases also differ between the sexes, with males showing higher frequencies when compared to females. We have not found an effect of age on the temporal and spectral structure of the phrases. These results indicate that singing in indris has a high behavioral flexibility and varies according to social and individual factors. The flexible spectral structure of the phrases given during the song may underlie perceptual abilities that are relatively unknown in other non-human primates, such as the ability to recognize particular pitch patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gamba
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TorinoTorino, Italy
| | - Valeria Torti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TorinoTorino, Italy
| | - Vittoria Estienne
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzig, Germany
| | - Rose M. Randrianarison
- Département de Paléontologie et d'Anthropologie Biologique, Faculté des Sciences, Université d'AntananarivoAntananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Daria Valente
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TorinoTorino, Italy
| | - Paolo Rovara
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TorinoTorino, Italy
| | - Giovanna Bonadonna
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TorinoTorino, Italy
| | - Olivier Friard
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TorinoTorino, Italy
| | - Cristina Giacoma
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TorinoTorino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Seetharaman S, Fleshner M, Park CR, Diamond DM. Influence of daily social stimulation on behavioral and physiological outcomes in an animal model of PTSD. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00458. [PMID: 27110436 PMCID: PMC4834360 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have shown in previous work that acute episodes of predator exposure occurring in the context of chronic social instability produced PTSD-like sequelae in rats. Our animal model of PTSD contained two components: (1) acute trauma, immobilization of rats in close proximity to a cat twice in 10 days, and (2) chronic social instability, 31 days of randomized housing of cage cohorts. Here we tested the hypothesis that daily social stimulation would block the development of the PTSD-like sequelae. METHODS Beginning 24 h after the first cat exposure, adult male rats were given our established PTSD model, alone or in conjunction with daily social stimulation, in which all rats within a group interacted in a large apparatus for 2 h each day for the final 30 days of the PTSD regimen. All behavioral, for example, anxiety, memory, startle testing, and physiological assessments, for example, body growth, organ weights, and corticosterone levels, took place following completion of the psychosocial stress period. RESULTS Daily social stimulation blocked the expression of a subset of PTSD-like effects, including predator-based cued fear conditioning, enhanced startle response, heightened anxiety on the elevated plus maze and the stress-induced suppression of growth rate. We also found that social stimulation and psychosocial stress produced equivalent outcomes in some measures, including adrenal and heart hypertrophy, thymus atrophy, and a reduction in poststress corticosterone levels. CONCLUSIONS Daily exposure of rats to a highly social environment blocked the development of a subset of trauma-induced sequelae, particularly fear-related outcomes. It is notable that daily social stimulation normalized a subset, but not all, of the PTSD-like effects. We discuss our findings in the context of the literature demonstrating that social stimulation can counteract the adverse effects of traumatic stress on behavioral and physiological measures, as well as to produce its own stress-like outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Seetharaman
- Department of Psychology St. Ambrose University Davenport Iowa 52803; Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research on PTSD University of South Florida Tampa Florida 33620
| | - Monika Fleshner
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309
| | - Collin R Park
- Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research on PTSD University of South Florida Tampa Florida 33620; Research & Development Service James A. Haley VA Hospital Tampa Florida 33612; Department of Psychology University of South Florida Tampa Florida 33620
| | - David M Diamond
- Center for Preclinical and Clinical Research on PTSD University of South Florida Tampa Florida 33620; Research & Development Service James A. Haley VA Hospital Tampa Florida 33612; Department of Psychology University of South Florida Tampa Florida 33620; Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology University of South Florida Tampa Florida 33620
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Early environmental enrichment affects neurobehavioral development and prevents brain damage in rats submitted to neonatal hypoxia-ischemia. Neurosci Lett 2016; 617:101-7. [PMID: 26872850 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Our previous results demonstrated improved cognition in adolescent rats housed in environmental enrichment (EE) that underwent neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of early EE on neurobehavioral development and brain damage in rats submitted to neonatal HI. Wistar rats were submitted to the HI procedure on the 7th postnatal day (PND) and housed in an enriched environment (8th-20th PND). The maturation of physical characteristics and the neurological reflexes were evaluated and the volume of striatum, corpus callosum and neocortex was measured. Data analysis demonstrated a clear effect of EE on neurobehavioral development; also, daily performance was improved in enriched rats on righting, negative geotaxis and cliff aversion reflex. HI caused a transient motor deficit on gait latency. Brain atrophy was found in HI animals and this damage was partially prevented by the EE. In conclusion, early EE stimulated neurobehavioral development in neonate rats and also protects the neocortex and the corpus callosum from atrophy following HI. These findings reinforce the potential of EE as a strategy for rehabilitation following neonatal HI and provide scientific support to the use of this therapeutic strategy in the treatment of neonatal brain injuries in humans.
Collapse
|
37
|
Structural brain alterations in hemifacial spasm: A voxel-based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging study. Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:1470-1474. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
38
|
Interpreting Intervention Induced Neuroplasticity with fMRI: The Case for Multimodal Imaging Strategies. Neural Plast 2015; 2016:2643491. [PMID: 26839711 PMCID: PMC4709757 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2643491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct measurement of recovery from brain injury is an important goal in neurorehabilitation, and requires reliable, objective, and interpretable measures of changes in brain function, referred to generally as “neuroplasticity.” One popular imaging modality for measuring neuroplasticity is task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (t-fMRI). In the field of neurorehabilitation, however, assessing neuroplasticity using t-fMRI presents a significant challenge. This commentary reviews t-fMRI changes commonly reported in patients with cerebral palsy or acquired brain injuries, with a focus on studies of motor rehabilitation, and discusses complexities surrounding their interpretations. Specifically, we discuss the difficulties in interpreting t-fMRI changes in terms of their underlying causes, that is, differentiating whether they reflect genuine reorganisation, neurological restoration, compensation, use of preexisting redundancies, changes in strategy, or maladaptive processes. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of heterogeneous disease states and essential t-fMRI processing steps on the interpretability of activation patterns. To better understand therapy-induced neuroplastic changes, we suggest that researchers utilising t-fMRI consider concurrently acquiring information from an additional modality, to quantify, for example, haemodynamic differences or microstructural changes. We outline a variety of such supplementary measures for investigating brain reorganisation and discuss situations in which they may prove beneficial to the interpretation of t-fMRI data.
Collapse
|
39
|
Bahey NG, Elaziz HOA, Gadalla KKES. Toxic effect of aflatoxin B1 and the role of recovery on the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Tissue Cell 2015; 47:559-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
40
|
Tremblay P, Deschamps I. Structural brain aging and speech production: a surface-based brain morphometry study. Brain Struct Funct 2015; 221:3275-99. [PMID: 26336952 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
While there has been a growing number of studies examining the neurofunctional correlates of speech production over the past decade, the neurostructural correlates of this immensely important human behaviour remain less well understood, despite the fact that previous studies have established links between brain structure and behaviour, including speech and language. In the present study, we thus examined, for the first time, the relationship between surface-based cortical thickness (CT) and three different behavioural indexes of sublexical speech production: response duration, reaction times and articulatory accuracy, in healthy young and older adults during the production of simple and complex meaningless sequences of syllables (e.g., /pa-pa-pa/ vs. /pa-ta-ka/). The results show that each behavioural speech measure was sensitive to the complexity of the sequences, as indicated by slower reaction times, longer response durations and decreased articulatory accuracy in both groups for the complex sequences. Older adults produced longer speech responses, particularly during the production of complex sequence. Unique age-independent and age-dependent relationships between brain structure and each of these behavioural measures were found in several cortical and subcortical regions known for their involvement in speech production, including the bilateral anterior insula, the left primary motor area, the rostral supramarginal gyrus, the right inferior frontal sulcus, the bilateral putamen and caudate, and in some region less typically associated with speech production, such as the posterior cingulate cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada. .,Département de Réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada. .,Département de Rehabilitation, Université Laval, Office 4462, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Isabelle Deschamps
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada.,Département de Réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kim SJ, Ogilvie M, Shimabukuro N, Stewart T, Shin JH. Effects of Visual Feedback Distortion on Gait Adaptation: Comparison of Implicit Visual Distortion Versus Conscious Modulation on Retention of Motor Learning. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2015; 62:2244-50. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2015.2420851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
42
|
MRI-detectable changes in mouse brain structure induced by voluntary exercise. Neuroimage 2015; 113:175-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
43
|
Aimone JB, Li Y, Lee SW, Clemenson GD, Deng W, Gage FH. Regulation and function of adult neurogenesis: from genes to cognition. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:991-1026. [PMID: 25287858 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00004.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus is a notable process due not only to its uniqueness and potential impact on cognition but also to its localized vertical integration of different scales of neuroscience, ranging from molecular and cellular biology to behavior. This review summarizes the recent research regarding the process of adult neurogenesis from these different perspectives, with particular emphasis on the differentiation and development of new neurons, the regulation of the process by extrinsic and intrinsic factors, and their ultimate function in the hippocampus circuit. Arising from a local neural stem cell population, new neurons progress through several stages of maturation, ultimately integrating into the adult dentate gyrus network. The increased appreciation of the full neurogenesis process, from genes and cells to behavior and cognition, makes neurogenesis both a unique case study for how scales in neuroscience can link together and suggests neurogenesis as a potential target for therapeutic intervention for a number of disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James B Aimone
- Cognitive Modeling Group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Yan Li
- Cognitive Modeling Group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Star W Lee
- Cognitive Modeling Group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Gregory D Clemenson
- Cognitive Modeling Group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Wei Deng
- Cognitive Modeling Group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| | - Fred H Gage
- Cognitive Modeling Group, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sumiyoshi A, Taki Y, Nonaka H, Takeuchi H, Kawashima R. Regional gray matter volume increases following 7days of voluntary wheel running exercise: a longitudinal VBM study in rats. Neuroimage 2014; 98:82-90. [PMID: 24816532 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of physical exercise on brain morphology in rodents have been well documented in histological studies. However, to further understand when and where morphological changes occur in the whole brain, a noninvasive neuroimaging method allowing an unbiased, comprehensive, and longitudinal investigation of brain morphology should be used. In this study, we investigated the effects of 7days of voluntary wheel running exercise on regional gray matter volume (rGMV) using longitudinal voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in rats. Eighteen pairs of adult male naïve Wistar rats were randomized to the exercise or control condition (one rat for each condition from each pair). Each rat was scanned in a 7.0-T MRI scanner at three time points: before exercise, after 7days of exercise, and after 7days of follow-up. The T2-weighted MRI images were segmented using the rat brain tissue priors that were recently published by our laboratory, and the intra- and inter-subject template creation steps were followed. Longitudinal VBM analysis revealed significant increases in rGMV in the motor, somatosensory, association, and visual cortices in the exercise group. Among these brain regions, rGMV changes in the motor cortex were positively correlated with the total distance that was run during the 7days of exercise. In addition, the effects of 7days of exercise on rGMV persisted after 7days of follow-up. These results support the utility of a longitudinal VBM study in rats and provide new insights into experience-dependent structural brain plasticity in naïve adult animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sumiyoshi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Taki
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Division of Medical Image Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroi Nonaka
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hikaru Takeuchi
- Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wang C, Qin W, Zhang J, Tian T, Li Y, Meng L, Zhang X, Yu C. Altered functional organization within and between resting-state networks in chronic subcortical infarction. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2014; 34:597-605. [PMID: 24398939 PMCID: PMC3982082 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the changes in functional connectivity (FC) within each resting-state network (RSN) and between RSNs in subcortical stroke patients who were well recovered in global motor function. Eleven meaningful RSNs were identified via functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 25 subcortical stroke patients and 22 normal controls using independent component analysis. Compared with normal controls, stroke patients exhibited increased intranetwork FC in the sensorimotor (SMN), visual (VN), auditory (AN), dorsal attention (DAN), and default mode (DMN) networks; they also exhibited decreased intranetwork FC in the frontoparietal network (FPN) and anterior DMN. Stroke patients displayed a shift from no FC in controls to negative internetwork FC between the VN and AN as well as between the VN and SMN. Stroke patients also exhibited weakened positive (anterior and posterior DMN; posterior DMN and right FPN) or negative (AN and right FPN; posterior DMN and dorsal SMN) internetwork FC when compared with normal controls. We suggest that subcortical stroke may induce connectivity changes in multiple functional networks, affecting not only the intranetwork FC within RSNs but also the internetwork FC between these RSNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Liangliang Meng
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- 1] Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China [2] School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cai L, Chan JSY, Yan JH, Peng K. Brain plasticity and motor practice in cognitive aging. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:31. [PMID: 24653695 PMCID: PMC3947993 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than two decades, there have been extensive studies of experience-based neural plasticity exploring effective applications of brain plasticity for cognitive and motor development. Research suggests that human brains continuously undergo structural reorganization and functional changes in response to stimulations or training. From a developmental point of view, the assumption of lifespan brain plasticity has been extended to older adults in terms of the benefits of cognitive training and physical therapy. To summarize recent developments, first, we introduce the concept of neural plasticity from a developmental perspective. Secondly, we note that motor learning often refers to deliberate practice and the resulting performance enhancement and adaptability. We discuss the close interplay between neural plasticity, motor learning and cognitive aging. Thirdly, we review research on motor skill acquisition in older adults with, and without, impairments relative to aging-related cognitive decline. Finally, to enhance future research and application, we highlight the implications of neural plasticity in skills learning and cognitive rehabilitation for the aging population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuyang Cai
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University Beijing, China
| | - John S Y Chan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin H Yan
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University Beijing, China ; Institute of Affective and Social Neuroscience, Shenzhen University Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaiping Peng
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Mariotti R, Fattoretti P, Malatesta M, Nicolato E, Sandri M, Zancanaro C. Forced mild physical training improves blood volume in the motor and hippocampal cortex of old mice. J Nutr Health Aging 2014; 18:178-83. [PMID: 24522471 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-013-0384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of mild forced physical training on cerebral blood volume (CBV) and other brain parameters in old mice. SETTING Treadmill in the animal house. PARTICIPANTS Thirty old (>25 mo) male mice were randomly assigned to one of three groups, exercise (E), exercise plus testosterone (T) (ET), and rest (C). INTERVENTION Mild physical training on treadmill (30 min a day at belt speed = 8 m/min, five days a week) with or without one weekly injection of testosterone. MEASUREMENTS CBV, quantitative transverse relaxation time (T2) maps, and cortical thickness were measured by magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS A significant increase of CBV was found in the motor and hippocampal cortex of E and ET mice; cortical thickness was not affected. T2 maps analysis suggested that water distribution did not change. T administration did not add to the effect of physical training. CONCLUSION This work provides first quantitative evidence that exercise initiated at old age is able to improve the hemodynamic status of the brain cortex in key regions for movement and cognition without inducing edema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Mariotti
- Prof. Carlo Zancanaro, DSNNMM, Sezione di Anatomia e Istologia; Strada Le Grazie 8, I-37134 Verona, Italy. Tel. +39 045 8027155; Fax. +39 045 8027163, E-mail address:
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Voluntary running in young adult mice reduces anxiety-like behavior and increases the accumulation of bioactive lipids in the cerebral cortex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81459. [PMID: 24349072 PMCID: PMC3859495 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Combinatorial therapies using voluntary exercise and diet supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids have synergistic effects benefiting brain function and behavior. Here, we assessed the effects of voluntary exercise on anxiety-like behavior and on total FA accumulation within three brain regions: cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of running versus sedentary young adult male C57/BL6J mice. The running group was subjected to one month of voluntary exercise in their home cages, while the sedentary group was kept in their home cages without access to a running wheel. Elevated plus maze (EPM), several behavioral postures and two risk assessment behaviors (RABs) were then measured in both animal groups followed immediately by blood samplings for assessment of corticosterone levels. Brains were then dissected for non-targeted lipidomic analysis of selected brain regions using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results showed that mice in the running group, when examined in the EPM, displayed significantly lower anxiety-like behavior, higher exploratory and risky behaviors, compared to sedentary mice. Notably, we found no differences in blood corticosterone levels between the two groups, suggesting that the different EPM and RAB behaviors were not related to reduced physiological stress in the running mice. Lipidomics analysis revealed a region-specific cortical decrease of the saturated FA: palmitate (C16:0) and a concomitant increase of polyunsaturated FA, arachidonic acid (AA, omega 6-C20: 4) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, omega 3-C22: 6), in running mice compared to sedentary controls. Finally, we found that running mice, as opposed to sedentary animals, showed significantly enhanced cortical expression of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) protein, a signaling molecule required in the production of both AA and DHA. In summary, our data support the anxiolytic effects of exercise and provide insights into the molecular processes modulated by exercise that may lead to its beneficial effects on mood.
Collapse
|
49
|
Structural and functional brain changes related to different types of physical activity across the life span. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:2268-95. [PMID: 23399048 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
50
|
Burgaleta M, Johnson W, Waber DP, Colom R, Karama S. Cognitive ability changes and dynamics of cortical thickness development in healthy children and adolescents. Neuroimage 2013; 84:810-9. [PMID: 24071525 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores tend to remain stable across the lifespan. Nevertheless, in some healthy individuals, significant decreases or increases in IQ have been observed over time. It is unclear whether such changes reflect true functional change or merely measurement error. Here, we applied surface-based corticometry to investigate vertex-wise cortical surface area and thickness correlates of changes in Full Scale IQ (FSIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ) and Verbal IQ (VIQ) in a representative sample of children and adolescents (n=188, mean age=11.59years) assessed two years apart as part of the NIH Study of Normal Brain Development. No significant associations between changes in IQ measures and changes in cortical surface area were observed, whereas changes in FSIQ, PIQ, and VIQ were related to rates of cortical thinning, mainly in left frontal areas. Participants who showed reliable gains in FSIQ showed no significant changes in cortical thickness on average, whereas those who exhibited no significant FSIQ change showed moderate declines in cortical thickness. Importantly, individuals who showed large decreases in FSIQ displayed the steepest and most significant reductions in cortical thickness. Results support the view that there can be meaningful cognitive ability changes that impact IQ within relatively short developmental periods and show that such changes are associated with the dynamics of cortical thickness development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Burgaleta
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|