1
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Wang Y, Wang J, Wu T, Chen W, Peng D, Wu Z, Ma M, Zheng Q. The anomalous effect of electric field on friction for microscale structural superlubric graphite/Au contact. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae019. [PMID: 39144740 PMCID: PMC11321252 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The current-carrying friction characteristics are crucial for the performance of a sliding electrical contact, which plays critical roles in numerous electrical machines and devices. However, these characteristics are influenced by multiple factors such as material surface quality, chemical reactions, and atmospheric environment, leading to a challenge for researchers to comprehensively consider these impacts. Structural superlubricity (SSL), a state of nearly zero friction and no wear between contact solid surfaces, provides an ideal experimental system for these studies. Here, with microscale graphite flakes on atomic-flattened Au surface under applied voltages, we observed two opposite friction phenomena, depending only on whether the edge of graphite flake was in contact with the Au substrate. When in contact the friction force would increase with an increasing voltage, otherwise, the friction force would decrease. Notably, when the voltage was turned off, the friction force quickly recovered to its original level, indicating the absence of wear. Through atmosphere control and molecular dynamics simulations, we revealed the mechanism to be the different roles played by the water molecules confined at the interface or adsorbed near the edges. Our experimental results demonstrate the remarkable tunable and robust frictional properties of SSL under an electrical field, providing an ideal system for the fundamental research of not only sliding electrical contacts, but also novel devices which demand tunable frictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelingyi Wang
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Wang
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste 34136, Italy
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste 34151, Italy
| | - Tielin Wu
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weipeng Chen
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Deli Peng
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zhanghui Wu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Lab of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Quanshui Zheng
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518057, China
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He X, Chen C, Zhang Z, Yu T, Wen L, Cao Y, Liu Y. Molecule Empowerment and Crystal Desensitization: A Multilevel Structure-Property Analysis toward Designing High-Energy Low-Sensitivity Layered Energetic Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39214567 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Layered energetic materials (LEMs) can effectively balance energy and mechanical sensitivity, making them a current research focus in the field of energetic materials. However, the influence of the layered stacking pattern on impact sensitivity is still unclear, leading to the lack of advanced design strategies for high-energy low-sensitivity LEMs. Herein, we first utilize novel indicators such as maximum plane separation and hydrogen bond dimension to perform high-throughput screening on over 106 candidate structures, resulting in 17 target crystals. A systematic analysis was then conducted on the relationships between the bond dissociation energy (BDE) of the weakest energy-storing bond at the molecular level, the intralayer hydrogen bond energy (HBE), and the sliding energy barrier (SEB) at the crystal level with impact sensitivity. The findings suggest that a material can have low sensitivity only if at least two of the three properties perform well, and the interlayer sliding resistance can be reduced by enhancing the intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions, which reasonably explains the experimental phenomena. More importantly, we developed a prediction model for the impact sensitivity of LEMs with a coefficient of determination of 0.88. Additionally, factors affecting HBE and SEB were identified, and a linear model was established based on molecular-level feature variables. Finally, a new strategy for designing high-energy low-sensitivity LEMs was proposed, namely, empowerment at the molecular scale and desensitization at the crystal scale. This study integrates high-throughput screening, multilevel structure-property relationship analysis, and mathematical model construction, offering new perspectives for the development of novel high-energy and low-sensitivity energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai He
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, P.R. China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, Xi'an 710065, P.R. China
| | - Chao Chen
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, P.R. China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, Xi'an 710065, P.R. China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, P.R. China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, Xi'an 710065, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, P.R. China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, Xi'an 710065, P.R. China
| | - Linyuan Wen
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, P.R. China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, Xi'an 710065, P.R. China
| | - Yilin Cao
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, P.R. China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, Xi'an 710065, P.R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P.R. China
| | - Yingzhe Liu
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, P.R. China
- National Key Laboratory of Energetic Materials, Xi'an 710065, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an 710065, P.R. China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, Xi'an 710065, P.R. China
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Jang S, Colliton AG, Flaih HS, Irgens EMK, Kramarczuk LJ, Rauber GD, Vickers J, Ogrinc AL, Zhang Z, Gong Z, Chen Z, Borovsky BP, Kim SH. Why is Superlubricity of Diamond-Like Carbon Rare at Nanoscale? SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400513. [PMID: 38545999 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogenated diamond-like carbon (HDLC) is a promising solid lubricant for its superlubricity which can benefit various industrial applications. While HDLC exhibits notable friction reduction in macroscale tests in inert or reducing environmental conditions, ultralow friction is rarely observed at the nanoscale. This study investigates this rather peculiar dependence of HDLC superlubricity on the contact scale. To attain superlubricity, HDLC requires i) removal of ≈2 nm-thick air-oxidized surface layer and ii) shear-induced transformation of amorphous carbon to highly graphitic and hydrogenated structure. The nanoscale wear depth exceeds the typical thickness of the air-oxidized layer, ruling out the possibility of incomplete removal of the air-oxidized layer. Raman analysis of transfer films indicates that shear-induced graphitization readily occurs at shear stresses lower than or comparable to those in the nanoscale test. Thus, the same is expected to occur at the nanoscale test. However, the graphitic transfer films are not detected in ex-situ analyses after nanoscale friction tests, indicating that the graphitic transfer films are pushed out of the nanoscale contact area due to the instability of transfer films within a small contact area. Combining all these observations, this study concludes the retention of highly graphitic transfer films is crucial to achieving HDLC superlubricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokhoon Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Ana G Colliton
- Department of Physics, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, 55057, USA
| | - Hind S Flaih
- Department of Physics, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, 55057, USA
| | - Eskil M K Irgens
- Department of Physics, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, 55057, USA
| | | | - Griffin D Rauber
- Department of Physics, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, 55057, USA
| | - Jordan Vickers
- Department of Physics, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, 55057, USA
| | - Andrew L Ogrinc
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhenbin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Brian P Borovsky
- Department of Physics, St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, 55057, USA
| | - Seong H Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Vijayan G, Koren E. Direct Determination of Torsion in Twisted Graphite and MoS 2 Interfaces. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:8973-8978. [PMID: 38989861 PMCID: PMC11273615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The design space of two-dimensional materials is undergoing significant expansion through the stacking of layers in non-equilibrium configurations. However, the lack of quantitative insights into twist dynamics impedes the development of such heterostructures. Herein, we utilize the lateral force sensitivity of an atomic force microscope cantilever and specially designed rotational bearing structures to measure the torque in graphite and MoS2 interfaces. While the extracted torsional energies are virtually zero across all angular misfit configurations, commensurate interfaces of graphite and MoS2 are characterized by values of 0.1533 and 0.6384 N-m/m2, respectively. Furthermore, we measured the adhesion energies of graphite and MoS2 to elucidate the interplay between twist and slide. The adhesion energy dominates over the torsional energy for the graphitic interface, suggesting a tendency to twist prior to superlubric sliding. Conversely, MoS2 displays an increased torsional energy exceeding its adhesion energy. Consequently, our findings demonstrate a fundamental disparity between the sliding-to-twisting dynamics at MoS2 and graphite interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautham Vijayan
- Nanoscale Electronic Materials
and Devices Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Elad Koren
- Nanoscale Electronic Materials
and Devices Laboratory, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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5
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Lim J, Moon D, Kim S, Kim S. Influence of cutoff radius and tip atomic structure on energy barriers encountered during AFM tip sliding on 2D monolayers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:40LT01. [PMID: 38986446 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad6164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
In computational studies using the Lennard-Jones (LJ) potential, the widely adopted 2.5σcutoff radius effectively truncates pairwise interactions across diverse systems (Santraet al2008J. Chem. Phys.129234704, Chen and Gao 2021Friction9502-12, Bolintineanuet al2014Part. Mech.1321-56, Takahiro and Kazuhiro 2010J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.215012123, Zhouet al2016Fuel180718-26, Toxvaerd and Dyre 2011J. Chem. Phys.134081102, Toxvaerd and Dyre 2011J. Chem. Phys.134081102). Here, we assess its adequacy in determining energy barriers encountered by a Si monoatomic tip sliding on various two-dimensional (2D) monolayers, which is crucial for understanding nanoscale friction. Our findings emphasize the necessity of a cutoff radius of at least 3.5σto achieve energy barrier values exceeding 95% accuracy across all studied 2D monolayers. Specifically, 3.5σcorresponds to 12.70 Å in graphene, 12.99 Å in MoS2and 13.25 Å in MoSe2. The barrier values calculated using this cutoff support previous experiments comparing friction between different orientations of graphene and between graphene and MoS2(Almeidaet al2016Sci. Rep.631569, Zhanget al2014Sci. China57663-7). Furthermore, we demonstrate the applicability of the 3.5σcutoff for graphene on an Au substrate and bilayer graphene. Additionally, we investigate how the atomic configuration of the tip influences the energy barrier, finding a nearly threefold increase in the barrier along the zigzag direction of graphene when using a Si(001) tip composed of seven Si atoms compared to a monoatomic Si tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehun Lim
- Department of Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Hanyang University (ERICA), Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyeon Moon
- Department of Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Hanyang University (ERICA), Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, Hanyang University (ERICA), Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
- Present Address: Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States of America
| | - Suenne Kim
- Department of Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Hanyang University (ERICA), Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
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Sinnott PC, Jadidi MF, Sánchez DA, Yuan L, Carpick RW, Cross GLW. Superlubric Sliding of Graphene Auto-Kirigami with Interfaces Containing Self-Assembled Stripe-Pattern Adsorbates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401979. [PMID: 39011940 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Van der Waals heterostructures formed by stacked 2D materials show exceptional electronic, mechanical, and optical properties. Superlubricity, a condition where atomically flat, incommensurate planes of atoms result in ultra-low friction, is a prime example enabling, for example, self-assembly of optically visible graphene nanostructures in air via a sliding auto-kirigami process. Here, it is demonstrated that a subtle but ubiquitous adsorbate stripe structure found on graphene and graphitic surfaces in ambient conditions remains stable within the interface between twisted graphene layers as they slide over each other. Despite this contamination, the interface retains an exceptional superlubricious state with an estimated upper bound frictional shear strength of 10 kPa, indicating that direct atomic incommensurate contact is not required to achieve ambient superlubricity for 2D materials. The results suggest that any phenomena depending on 2D heterostructure interfaces such as exotic electronic behavior may need to consider the presence of stripe adsorbate structures that remain intercalated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierce C Sinnott
- Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Majid Fazeli Jadidi
- Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | | | - Li Yuan
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Graham L W Cross
- Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
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Sun T, Gao E, Jia X, Bian J, Wang Z, Ma M, Zheng Q, Xu Z. Robust structural superlubricity under gigapascal pressures. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5952. [PMID: 39009569 PMCID: PMC11251065 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Structural superlubricity (SSL) is a state of contact with no wear and ultralow friction. SSL has been characterized at contact with van der Waals (vdW) layered materials, while its stability under extreme loading conditions has not been assessed. By designing both self-mated and non-self-mated vdW contacts with materials chosen for their high strengths, we report outstanding robustness of SSL under very high pressures in experiments. The incommensurate self-mated vdW contact between graphite interfaces can maintain the state of SSL under a pressure no lower than 9.45 GPa, and the non-self-mated vdW contact between a tungsten tip and graphite substrate remains stable up to 3.74 GPa. Beyond this critical pressure, wear is activated, signaling the breakdown of vdW contacts and SSL. This unexpectedly strong pressure-resistance and wear-free feature of SSL breaks down the picture of progressive wear. Atomistic simulations show that lattice destruction at the vdW contact by pressure-assisted bonding triggers wear through shear-induced tearing of the single-atomic layers. The correlation between the breakdown pressure and material properties shows that the bulk modulus and the first ionization energy are the most relevant factors, indicating the combined structural and electronic effects. Impressively, the breakdown pressures defined by the SSL interface could even exceed the strength of materials in contact, demonstrating the robustness of SSL. These findings offer a fundamental understanding of wear at the vdW contacts and guide the design of SSL-enabled applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Sun
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Railway Engineering Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Track System of High-Speed Railway, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Enlai Gao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangzheng Jia
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinbo Bian
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Quanshui Zheng
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Center of Double Helix, Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Wang H, Zhang H, Zhang X, Cao T, Shi J, Fan X. Structural superlubricity at the interface of penta-BN 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:18871-18880. [PMID: 38946706 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00619d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been widely used as lubricants due to their weak interlayer interaction and low shear resistance for interlayer sliding. Composed entirely of five-membered rings, penta-BN2 monolayer has excellent thermal and mechanical stability, higher hardness and a negative Poisson's ratio. In this work, we investigate the frictional properties at both the commensurate and incommensurate contacting interfaces of penta-BN2 by adopting the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. Our calculations demonstrate robust superlubricity at the incommensurate contacting interface of penta-BN2. The ultra-low friction is explained by the potential energy surface (PES) fluctuations, interlayer binding energy and out-of-plane motion amplitude of the sliding layer. In addition, our calculations show that the anisotropy of friction at the commensurate contacting interface is more obvious compared with that at the incommensurate contacting interface. Finally, the influences of the size of the Moiré pattern, normal force, temperature and sliding velocity on the friction are examined. Our results show that 2D penta-BN2 is a promising solid lubricant, enriching the family of 2D lubrication materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 YouYi Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Xinqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
| | - Tengfei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
| | - Junqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
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9
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Long Y, Wang X, Tan W, Li B, Li J, Deng W, Li X, Guo W, Yin J. High-Temperature Superlubricity in MoS 2/Graphene van der Waals Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7572-7577. [PMID: 38860969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Achieving high-temperature superlubricity is essential for modern extreme tribosystems. Solid lubrication is the sole viable alternative due to the degradation of liquid ones but currently suffers from notable wear, instability, and high friction coefficient. Here, we report robust superlubricity in MoS2/graphene van der Waals heterostructures at high temperatures up to ∼850 K, achieved through localized heating to enable reliable friction testing. The ultralow friction of the MoS2/graphene heterostructure is found to be notably further reduced at elevated temperature and dominantly contributed by the MoS2 edge. The observation can be well described by a multi-contact model, wherein the thermally activated rupture of edge-contacts facilitates the sliding. Our results should be applicable to other van der Waals heterostructures and shed light on their applications for superlubricity at elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Long
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Baowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jidong Li
- Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Deng
- Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
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10
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Ji JR, Villanova JW, Barraza-Lopez S, Parkin SSP, Chang K. Defect-Free Nanowelding of Bilayer SnSe Nanoplates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312199. [PMID: 38975745 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Nanowelding is a bottom-up technique to create custom-designed nanostructures and devices beyond the precision of lithographic methods. Here, a new technique is reported based on anisotropic lubricity at the van der Waals interface between monolayer and bilayer SnSe nanoplates and a graphene substrate to achieve precise control of the crystal orientation and the interface during the welding process. As-grown SnSe monolayer and bilayer nanoplates are commensurate with graphene's armchair direction but lack commensuration along graphene's zigzag direction, resulting in a reduced friction along that direction and a rail-like, 1D movement that permits joining nanoplates with high precision. This way, molecular beam epitaxially grown SnSe nanoplates of lateral sizes 30-100 nm are manipulated by the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope at room temperature. In situ annealing is applied afterward to weld contacting nanoplates without atomic defects at the interface. This technique can be generalized to any van der Waals interfaces with anisotropic lubricity and is highly promising for the construction of complex quantum devices, such as field effect transistors, quantum interference devices, lateral tunneling junctions, and solid-state qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Rong Ji
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - John W Villanova
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | | | - Stuart S P Parkin
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Kai Chang
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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11
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Wu D, Zhao Z, Lin B, Song Y, Qi J, Jiang J, Yuan Z, Cheng B, Zhao M, Tian Y, Wang Z, Wu M, Bian K, Liu KH, Xu LM, Zeng XC, Wang EG, Jiang Y. Probing structural superlubricity of two-dimensional water transport with atomic resolution. Science 2024; 384:1254-1259. [PMID: 38870285 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Low-dimensional water transport can be drastically enhanced under atomic-scale confinement. However, its microscopic origin is still under debate. In this work, we directly imaged the atomic structure and transport of two-dimensional water islands on graphene and hexagonal boron nitride surfaces using qPlus-based atomic force microscopy. The lattice of the water island was incommensurate with the graphene surface but commensurate with the boron nitride surface owing to different surface electrostatics. The area-normalized static friction on the graphene diminished as the island area was increased by a power of ~-0.58, suggesting superlubricity behavior. By contrast, the friction on the boron nitride appeared insensitive to the area. Molecular dynamic simulations further showed that the friction coefficient of the water islands on the graphene could reduce to <0.01.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengpu Zhao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bo Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yizhi Song
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiajie Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zifeng Yuan
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bowei Cheng
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ye Tian
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Muhong Wu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Institute of Physics, CAS and School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Ke Bian
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kai-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li-Mei Xu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - En-Ge Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Institute of Physics, CAS and School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
- Tsientang Institute for Advanced Study, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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12
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Wang Y, Yang X, Liang H, Zhao J, Zhang J. Macroscale Superlubricity on Nanoscale Graphene Moiré Structure-Assembled Surface via Counterface Hydrogen Modulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309701. [PMID: 38483889 PMCID: PMC11109616 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Interlayer incommensurateness slippage is an excellent pathway to realize superlubricity of van der Waals materials; however, it is instable and heavily depends on twisted angle and super-smooth substrate which pose great challenges for the practical application of superlubricity. Here, macroscale superlubricity (0.001) is reported on countless nanoscale graphene moiré structure (GMS)-assembled surface via counterface hydrogen (H) modulation. The GMS-assembled surface is formed on grinding balls via sphere-triggered strain engineering. By the H modulation of counterface diamond-like carbon (25 at.% H), the wear of GMS-assembled surface is significantly reduced and a steadily superlubric sliding interface between them is achieved, based on assembly face charge depletion and H-induced assembly edge weakening. Furthermore, the superlubricity between GMS-assembled and DLC25 surfaces holds true in wide ranges of normal load (7-11 N), sliding velocity (0.5-27 cm -1s), contact area (0.4×104-3.7×104 µm2), and contact pressure (0.19-1.82 GPa). Atomistic simulations confirm the preferential formation of GMS on a sphere, and demonstrate the superlubricity on GMS-assembled surface via counterface H modulation. The results provide an efficient tribo-pairing strategy to achieve robust superlubricity, which is of significance for the engineering application of superlubricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou730000China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of MaterialsLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou730000China
| | - Huiting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou730000China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Division of Machine ElementsDepartment of Engineering Sciences and MathematicsLuleå University of TechnologyLuleåSE‐97187Sweden
| | - Junyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou730000China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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13
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Hao Y, Sun TY, Ye JT, Huang LF, Wang LP. Accurate Simulation for 2D Lubricating Materials in Realistic Environments: From Classical to Quantum Mechanical Methods. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312429. [PMID: 38655823 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
2D materials such as graphene, MoS2, and hexagonal BN are the most advanced solid lubricating materials with superior friction and anti-wear performance. However, as a typical surface phenomenon, the lubricating properties of 2D materials are largely dependent on the surrounding environment, such as temperature, stress, humidity, oxygen, and other environmental substances. Given the technical challenges in experiment for real-time and in situ detection of microscopic environment-material interaction, recent years have witnessed the acceleration of computational research on the lubrication behavior of 2D materials in realistic environments. This study reviews the up-to-date computational studies for the effect of environmental factors on the lubrication performance of 2D materials, summarizes the theoretical methods in lubrication from classical to quantum-mechanics ones, and emphasizes the importance of quantum method in revealing the lubrication mechanism at atomic and electronic level. An effective simulation method based on ab initio molecular dynamics is also proposed to try to provide more ways to accurately reveal the friction mechanisms and reliably guide the lubricating material design. On the basis of current development, future prospects, and challenges for the simulation and modeling in lubrication with realistic environment are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Research Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Tian-Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Research Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Jin-Tao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Research Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Liang-Feng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Research Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
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14
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Wu Z, Li X, Peng D, Zheng Q. Positive-Negative Tunable Coefficients of Friction in Superlubric Contacts. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:156201. [PMID: 38683007 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.156201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In conventional systems, the coefficient of friction (COF) is typically positive, signifying a direct relationship between frictional and normal forces. Contrary to this, we observe that the load dependence of friction exhibits a unique bell-shaped curve when studying the frictional properties between graphite and α-Al_{2}O_{3} surfaces. As the applied normal force increases, the friction initially rises and then decreases. Finite element simulations reveal this behavior is due to edge detachment at the graphite/α-Al_{2}O_{3} interface as the normal force approaches a critical value. Because friction in superlubric contacts predominantly arises from edges, their detachment leads to a decrease in overall friction. We empirically validate these findings by varying the radii of curvature of the tips and the thicknesses of graphite flakes. This unprecedented observation offers a new paradigm for tuning COF in superlubric applications, enabling transitions from positive to negative values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghui Wu
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuanhe Li
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Deli Peng
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Quanshui Zheng
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Center of Double Helix, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518057, China
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15
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Dong Y, Yang F, Wang J, Tang X, Tao Y, Shi B, Liu Y. Coupling Effect of Structural Lubrication and Thermal Excitation on Phononic Friction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38593204 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This work investigates the coupling effect of structural lubrication and thermal excitation on phononic friction between black phosphorus (BP) layers. As the rotation angle increases from commensurate to incommensurate states, the friction gradually decreases at any temperature. However, the role of temperature in friction depends on commensurability. For a rotation angle less than 10°, increasing temperature leads to a decrease in friction due to thermal excitation. Conversely, when the rotation angle exceeds 10°, elevated temperature results in an increase in friction due to the effect of thermal collision. At a critical rotation angle of 10°, higher temperatures lead to reduced friction through thermal lubrication at low speeds, and at large speeds, the thermal excitation duration becomes so short that the role of thermal lubrication is weakened, and instead thermal collision dominates. Further research reveals that BP's ability to withstand different maximum speeds is also determined by commensurability. Finally, a method to measure the sliding period length of a rotated tip through an unrotated substrate potential energy topography is proposed and simply verified by using the phonon spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dong
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Institute of Nanomaterials Application Technology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Futian Yang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jinguang Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yi Tao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Bo Shi
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
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16
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Wu T, Chen W, Wangye L, Wang Y, Wu Z, Ma M, Zheng Q. Ultrahigh Critical Current Density across Sliding Electrical Contacts in Structural Superlubric State. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:096201. [PMID: 38489654 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.096201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
In conventional sliding electrical contacts (SECs), large critical current density (CCD) requires a high ratio between actual and apparent contact area, while low friction and wear require the opposites. Structural superlubricity (SSL) has the characteristics of zero wear, near zero friction, and all-atoms in real contact between the contacting surfaces. Here, we show a measured current density up to 17.5 GA/m^{2} between microscale graphite contact surfaces while sliding under ambient conditions. This value is nearly 146 times higher than the maximum CCD of other SECs reported in literatures (0.12 GA/m^{2}). Meanwhile, the coefficient of friction for the graphite contact is less than 0.01 and the sliding interface is wear-free according to the Raman characterization, indicating the presence of the SSL state. Furthermore, we estimate the intrinsic CCD of single crystalline graphite to be 6.69 GA/m^{2} by measuring the scaling relation of CCD. Theoretical analysis reveals that the CCD is limited by thermal effect due to the Joule heat. Our results show the great potential of the SSL contacts to be used as SECs, such as micro- or nanocontact switches, conductive slip rings, or pantographs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tielin Wu
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weipeng Chen
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lingyi Wangye
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhanghui Wu
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Lab of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Quanshui Zheng
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Lab of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518057, China
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17
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Brilliantov NV, Tsukanov AA, Grebenko AK, Nasibulin AG, Ostanin IA. Atomistic Mechanism of Friction-Force Independence on the Normal Load and Other Friction Laws for Dynamic Structural Superlubricity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:266201. [PMID: 38215361 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.266201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
We explore dynamic structural superlubricity for the case of a relatively large contact area, where the friction force is proportional to the area (exceeding ∼100 nm^{2}) experimentally, numerically, and theoretically. We use a setup composed of two molecular smooth incommensurate surfaces: graphene-covered tip and substrate. The experiments and molecular dynamic simulations demonstrate independence of the friction force on the normal load for a wide range of normal loads and relative surface velocities. We propose an atomistic mechanism for this phenomenon, associated with synchronic out-of-plane surface fluctuations of thermal origin, and confirm it by numerical experiments. Based on this mechanism, we develop a theory for this type of superlubricity and show that friction force increases linearly with increasing temperature and relative velocity for velocities larger than a threshold velocity. The molecular dynamic results are in a fair agreement with predictions of the theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay V Brilliantov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Mathematics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Artem K Grebenko
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya 6, 650000, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Igor A Ostanin
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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18
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Moody MJ, Paul JT, Smeets PJM, Dos Reis R, Kim JS, Mead CE, Gish JT, Hersam MC, Chan MKY, Lauhon LJ. van der Waals Epitaxy, Superlubricity, and Polarization of the 2D Ferroelectric SnS. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:56150-56157. [PMID: 38011316 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Tin monosulfide (SnS) is a two-dimensional layered semiconductor that exhibits in-plane ferroelectric order at very small thicknesses and is of interest in highly scaled devices. Here we report the epitaxial growth of SnS on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) using a pulsed metal-organic chemical vapor deposition process. Lattice matching is observed between the SnS(100) and hBN{11̅0} planes, with no evidence of strain. Atomic force microscopy reveals superlubricity along the commensurate direction of the SnS/hBN interface, and first-principles calculations suggest that friction is controlled by the edges of the SnS islands, rather than interface interactions. Differential phase contrast imaging detects remnant polarization in SnS islands with domains that are not dictated by step-edges in the SnS. The growth of ferroelectric SnS on high quality hBN substrates is a promising step toward electrically switchable ferroelectric semiconducting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Moody
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joshua T Paul
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Northwestern Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Paul J M Smeets
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joon-Seok Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Christopher E Mead
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Jonathan Tyler Gish
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- The Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Maria K Y Chan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Northwestern Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lincoln J Lauhon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- The Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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19
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Chen W, Wu T, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ma M, Zheng Q, Wu Z. Filtering Robust Graphite without Incommensurate Interfaces by Electrical Technique. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15. [PMID: 38047454 PMCID: PMC10726965 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) layered materials have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in various fields. Among these materials, graphite is widely employed to achieve structural superlubricity (SSL), where the interfacial friction between two solids is almost negligible and the wear is zero. However, the development of integrated SSL systems using graphite flakes still faces a major obstacle stemming from the inherent delamination-induced instability in vdW layered materials. To address this issue, we propose a nondestructive filtering technique that utilizes electrical measurement to identify robust graphite flakes without delamination. Our experimental results confirm that all the filtered graphite flakes exhibit delamination-free behavior after more than 7000 cycles of sliding on a series of 2D and 3D substrates. Besides, we employ three types of characterizing methods to confirm that the filtering process does not impair the graphite flakes. Moreover, with focused ion beam (FIB) assisted slicing characterization and statistical analysis, we have discovered that all of the filtered flakes possess a graphite layer thickness below 100 nm. This is consistent with the thickness of the single crystalline graphite layer of our samples reported in the literature, suggesting the absence of incommensurate interfaces in the filtered graphite flakes. Our work contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between graphite conductance and incommensurate interfaces. In addition, we present a possible solution to address the delamination problem in layered materials, and this technique shows the potential to characterize the internal microstructure of grains and the distribution of grain boundaries in vdW materials on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Chen
- Center
for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tielin Wu
- Center
for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yelingyi Wang
- Center
for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Center
for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Center
for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State
Key Lab of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
- Institute
of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute
of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Quanshui Zheng
- Center
for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State
Key Lab of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
- Institute
of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute
of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Tsinghua
Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zhanghui Wu
- Center
for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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20
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Ambrosetti A, Silvestrelli PL, Salasnich L. Superfluidity Meets the Solid State: Frictionless Mass Transport through a (5,5) Carbon Nanotube. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:206301. [PMID: 38039458 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.206301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Superfluidity is a well-characterized quantum phenomenon which entails frictionless motion of mesoscopic particles through a superfluid, such as ^{4}He or dilute atomic gases at very low temperatures. As shown by Landau, the incompatibility between energy and momentum conservation, which ultimately stems from the spectrum of the elementary excitations of the superfluid, forbids quantum scattering between the superfluid and the moving mesoscopic particle, below a critical speed threshold. Here, we predict that frictionless motion can also occur in the absence of a standard superfluid, i.e., when a He atom travels through a narrow (5,5) carbon nanotube (CNT). Because of the quasilinear dispersion of the plasmon and phonon modes that could interact with He, the (5,5) CNT embodies a solid-state analog of the superfluid, thereby enabling straightforward transfer of Landau's criterion of superfluidity. As a result, Landau's equations acquire broader generality and may be applicable to other nanoscale friction phenomena, whose description has been so far purely classical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ambrosetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Silvestrelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Salasnich
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Ottica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Unità di Sesto Fiorentino, via Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
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21
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Hörmann L, Cartus JJ, Hofmann OT. Impact of Static Distortion Waves on Superlubricity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42457-42466. [PMID: 38024737 PMCID: PMC10652266 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Friction is a major source of energy loss in mechanical devices. This energy loss may be minimized by creating interfaces with extremely reduced friction, i.e., superlubricity. Conventional wisdom holds that incommensurate interface structures facilitate superlubricity. Accurately describing friction necessitates the precise modeling of the interface structure. This, in turn, requires the use of accurate first-principles electronic structure methods, especially when studying organic/metal interfaces, which are highly relevant due to their tunability and propensity to form incommensurate structures. However, the system size required to calculate incommensurate structures renders such calculations intractable. As a result, studies of incommensurate interfaces have been limited to very simple model systems or strongly simplified methodology. We overcome this limitation by developing a machine-learned interatomic potential that is able to determine energies and forces for structures containing thousands to tens of thousands of atoms with an accuracy comparable to conventional first-principles methods but at a fraction of the cost. Using this approach, we quantify the breakdown of superlubricity in incommensurate structures due to the formation of static distortion waves. Moreover, we extract design principles to engineer incommensurate interface systems where the formation of static distortion waves is suppressed, which facilitates low friction coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hörmann
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Johannes J. Cartus
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Oliver T. Hofmann
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
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22
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Song Y, Meyer E. Atomic Friction Processes of Two-Dimensional Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:15409-15416. [PMID: 37880203 PMCID: PMC10634352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we present the recent advances in atomic friction measured of two-dimensional materials obtained by friction force microscopy. Starting with the atomic-scale stick-slip behavior, a beautiful highly nonequilibrium process, we discuss the main factors that contribute to determine sliding friction between single asperity and a two-dimensional sheet including chemical identity of material, thickness, external load, sliding direction, velocity/temperature, and contact size. In particular, we focus on the latest progress of the more complex friction behavior of moiré systems involving 2D layered materials. The underlying mechanisms of these frictional characteristics observed during the sliding process by theoretical and computational studies are also discussed. Finally, a discussion and outlook on the perspective of this field are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Song
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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23
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Liu J, Yang X, Fang H, Yan W, Ouyang W, Liu Z. In Situ Twistronics: A New Platform Based on Superlubricity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305072. [PMID: 37867201 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Twistronics, an emerging field focused on exploring the unique electrical properties induced by twist interface in graphene multilayers, has garnered significant attention in recent years. The general manipulation of twist angle depends on the assembly of van der Waals (vdW) layered materials, which has led to the discovery of unconventional superconductivity, ferroelectricity, and nonlinear optics, thereby expanding the realm of twistronics. Recently, in situ tuning of interlayer conductivity in vdW layered materials has been achieved based on scanning probe microscope. In this Perspective, the advancements in in situ twistronics are focused on by reviewing the state-of-the-art in situ manipulating technology, discussing the underlying mechanism based on the concept of structural superlubricity, and exploiting the real-time twistronic tests under scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is shown that the real-time manipulation under SEM allows for visualizing and monitoring the interface status during in situ twistronic testing. By harnessing the unique tribological properties of vdW layered materials, this novel platform not only enhances the fabrication of twistronic devices but also facilitates the fundamental understanding of interface phenomena in vdW layered materials. Moreover, this platform holds great promise for the application of twistronic-mechanical systems, providing avenues for the integration of twistronics into various mechanical frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Liu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Weidong Yan
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Wengen Ouyang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ze Liu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
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24
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Xia J, Gu Y, Mai J, Hu T, Wang Q, Xie C, Wu Y, Wang X. Tuneable Schottky contact of MoSi2N4/ TaS2 van der Waals heterostructure. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20619. [PMID: 37867820 PMCID: PMC10589790 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The two-dimensional M o S i 2 N 4 monolayer is an emerging semiconductor material that offers considerable promise due to its ultra-thin profile, tuneable mechanical properties, excellent optoelectronic properties and exceptional environmental stability. The van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure formed by stacking such two-dimensional monolayers has demonstrated superior performance across various domains. In this study, a vdW heterostructure combining the two-dimensional M o S i 2 N 4 and T a S 2 monolayers is examined using first-principles density functional theory. In its ground state, this van der Waals heterostructure establishes an ohmic contact with an exceptionally low potential barrier height. By modulating the vdW heterostructure with an applied electric field of -0.1 V/Å and under vertical stress, we discovered that M o S i 2 N 4 and T a S 2 can transition from an ohmic contact to a p-type Schottky with an ultra-low Schottky barrier height (SBH). Our observations may give valuable insights for designing reconfigurable, tuneable Schottky nano-devices with enhanced electronic and optical properties based on M o S i 2 N 4 / T a S 2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Composites of Guizhou Province, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixiao Gu
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Composites of Guizhou Province, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Mai
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Composites of Guizhou Province, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Composites of Guizhou Province, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qikun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Composites of Guizhou Province, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Composites of Guizhou Province, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunkai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Composites of Guizhou Province, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Electronic Composites of Guizhou Province, College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
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25
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Wang W, Zhang Y, Li Z, Qian L. Controllable Friction on Graphene via Adjustable Interfacial Contact Quality. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303013. [PMID: 37661586 PMCID: PMC10602576 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the numerous unique properties revealed through tribology research on graphene, the development of applications that utilize its rich tribological properties remains a long-sought goal. In this article, a novel approach for reversible patterning of graphene's frictional properties using out-of-plane mechanical tapping is presented. The friction force between the atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip and the graphene film is increased by up to a factor of two, which can be attributed to variations in the interfacial binding strength between the graphene and substrate through the tapping process. The reversible and repeatable frictional properties of graphene make it a promising material for information storage applications with a high storage capacity of ≈1600 GB inch-2 , allowing for direct writing and erasing of information, akin to a blackboard. These findings highlight the potential for friction tuning in lamellar materials and emphasize the significance of understanding nanoscale friction on graphene surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- School of Mechanical EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Mechanical EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China
| | - Zhihong Li
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MOE)Institute of MicroelectronicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871China
| | - Linmao Qian
- School of Mechanical EngineeringSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China
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26
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Wei Z, Han D, Wang Q, Sun C, Tao Y, Xiang L, Kan Y, Zhang Y, Lu X, Chen Y. Modulating Friction by the Phase of the Vertical Vibrational Excitation at Washboard Frequency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45516-45525. [PMID: 37722024 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Applying external vibrations at the resonant frequencies of the frictional system has been a highly effective approach to suppress friction but usually requires additional energy consumption. In this study, we find that in addition to exerting the vibration at the resonant frequency of the frictional system, the friction force on the atomically flat silicon surface can also present a local minimum when the oscillation frequency of the vertical vibrational excitation equals the washboard frequency with respect to the sliding velocity. Moreover, compared with the additional energy consumption at the resonant frequency, applying vertical vibrational excitation at the washboard frequency requires much less energy consumption. The study further shows that the friction force under the washboard frequency can be effectively mediated depending on how the initial phase angle of the vertical vibrational excitation affects the effective substrate potential barrier at the slip moment of the tip. We have also extended the proposed friction modulation technique on atomically flat surfaces to periodic textured surfaces and confirmed its practicality and great potential for controlling friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengdong Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Kan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
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27
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Yang D, Qu C, Gongyang Y, Zheng Q. Manipulation and Characterization of Submillimeter Shearing Contacts in Graphite by the Micro-Dome Technique. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44563-44571. [PMID: 37672630 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation techniques are the key to measuring fundamental properties of layered materials and their monolayers (2D materials) on the micro- and nanoscale as well as a necessity to the solution of relevant existing challenges. An example is the challenge against upscaling structural superlubricity, a phenomenon of near-zero friction and wear in solid contacts. To date, the largest single structural superlubric contact only has a size of a few tens of micrometers, which is achieved on graphite mesa, a system that has shown microscale superlubricity. The first obstacle against extending the contact size is the lack of suitable manipulation techniques. Here, a micro-dome technique is demonstrated on graphite mesas by shearing contacts 2500 times larger in area than previously possible. With this technique, submillimeter graphite mesas are opened, characterized for the first time, and compared to their microscale counterparts. Interfacial structures, which are possibly related to the failure of superlubricity, are observed: commensurate grains, external steps, and carbon aggregates. Furthermore, a proof-of-concept mechanical model is developed to understand how the micro-dome technique works and to predict its limits. Finally, a dual-axis force measuring device is developed and integrated with the micro-dome technique to measure the normal and lateral forces when shearing submillimeter mesas. These results provide a platform technique for future research on structural superlubricity on different scales and manipulation of structures of layered materials in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinglin Yang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Cangyu Qu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yujie Gongyang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Quanshui Zheng
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
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28
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Poelsema B, Zhang Z, Zandvliet HJW, van Houselt A. Presolidification in Eutectic Droplets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:106201. [PMID: 37739350 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.106201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Evidence of presolidification, the counterpart to premelting, is reported. Near the eutectic temperature, T_{C}, the propagation direction of thermal gradient driven motion of eutectic Ge-Pt droplets on Ge(110) is determined by presolidification. Well above T_{C}, the micron-sized droplets move towards the hottest location at the substrate, irrespective of crystalline direction. At 90 K above T_{C}, a strong, unanticipated preference for propagation along the substrate [001] azimuth suddenly emerges, which is attributed to presolidification at the liquid-solid interface. The propagation along [001] is accompanied by a distinct change in shape from compact to elongated along [001].
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Affiliation(s)
- Bene Poelsema
- Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Zhiguo Zhang
- Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Harold J W Zandvliet
- Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Arie van Houselt
- Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
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29
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Yan W, Bhuiyan FH, Tang C, Wei L, Jiang Y, Jang S, Liu Y, Wu J, Wang W, Wang Y, Martini A, Qian L, Kim SH, Chen L. Understanding and Preventing Lubrication Failure at the Carbon Atomic Steps. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301515. [PMID: 37162454 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) lamellar materials are normally capable of rendering super-low friction, wear protection, and adhesion reduction in nanoscale due to their ultralow shear strength between two basal plane surfaces. However, high friction at step edges prevents the 2D materials from achieving super-low friction in macroscale applications and eventually leads to failure of lubrication performance. Here, taking graphene as an example, the authors report that not all step edges are detrimental. The armchair (AC) step edges are found to have only a minor topographic effect on friction, while the zigzag (ZZ) edges cause friction two orders of magnitude larger than the basal plane. The AC step edge is less reactive and thus more durable. However, the ZZ structure prevails when step edges are produced mechanically, for example, through mechanical exfoliation or grinding of graphite. The authors found a way to make the high-friction ZZ edge superlubricious by reconstructing the (6,6) hexagon structure to the (5,7) azulene-like structure through thermal annealing in an inert gas environment. This will facilitate the realization of graphene-based superlubricity over a wide range of industrial applications in which avoiding the involvement of step edges is difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmeng Yan
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Fakhrul H Bhuiyan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Chuan Tang
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Wei
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilong Jiang
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Seokhoon Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Yangqin Liu
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610054, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Ashlie Martini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Linmao Qian
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
| | - Seong H Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Tribology Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Traction Power, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, 610031, Chengdu, China
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30
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Yang X, Li R, Wang Y, Zhang J. Tunable, Wide-Temperature, and Macroscale Superlubricity Enabled by Nanoscale Van Der Waals Heterojunction-to-Homojunction Transformation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303580. [PMID: 37354130 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Achieving macroscale superlubricity of van der Waals (vdW) nanopowders is particularly challenging, due to the difficulty in forming ordered junctions before friction and the friction-induced complex contact restructuration among multiple nanometer-sized junctions. Here, a facile way is reported to achieve vdW nanopowder-to-heterojunction conversion by graphene edge-oxygen (GEO) incorporation. The GEO effectively weakens the out-of-plane edge-edge and in-plane plane-edge states of the vdW nanopowder, leading to a coexistent structure of nanoscale homojunctions and heterojunctions on the grinding balls. When sliding on diamond-like carbon surfaces, the ball-supported structure governs macroscale superlubricity by heterojunction-to-homojunction transformation among the countless nanoscale junctions. Furthermore, the transformation guides the tunable design of superlubricity, achieving superlubricity (µ ≈ 0.005) at wide ranges of load, velocity, and temperature (-200 to 300 °C). Atomistic simulations reveal the GEO-enhanced conversion of vdW nanopowder to heterojunctions and demonstrate the heterojunction-to-homojunction transformation superlubricity mechanism. The findings are of significance for the macroscopic scale-up and engineering application of structural superlubricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730 000, China
| | - Ruiyun Li
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yongfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730 000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730 000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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31
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Dong R, Lunghi A, Sanvito S. Stiffness and Atomic-Scale Friction in Superlubricant MoS 2 Bilayers. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6086-6091. [PMID: 37358918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations, performed with chemically accurate ab initio machine-learning force fields, are used to demonstrate that layer stiffness has profound effects on the superlubricant state of two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. We engineer bilayers of different rigidity but identical interlayer sliding energy surface and show that a 2-fold increase in the intralayer stiffness reduces the friction by a factor of ∼6. Two sliding regimes as a function of the sliding velocity are found. At a low velocity, the heat generated by the motion is efficiently exchanged between the layers and the friction is independent of the layer order. In contrast, at a high velocity, the friction heat flux cannot be exchanged fast enough and a buildup of significant temperature gradients between the layers is observed. In this situation, the temperature profile depends on whether the slider is softer than the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dong
- School of Physics, AMBER and CRANN Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Alessandro Lunghi
- School of Physics, AMBER and CRANN Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stefano Sanvito
- School of Physics, AMBER and CRANN Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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32
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Liu Z, Vilhena JG, Hinaut A, Scherb S, Luo F, Zhang J, Glatzel T, Gnecco E, Meyer E. Moiré-Tile Manipulation-Induced Friction Switch of Graphene on a Platinum Surface. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4693-4697. [PMID: 36917620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Friction control and technological advancement are intimately intertwined. Concomitantly, two-dimensional materials occupy a unique position for realizing quasi-frictionless contacts. However, the question arises of how to tune superlubric sliding. Drawing inspiration from twistronics, we propose to control superlubricity via moiré patterning. Friction force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations unequivocally demonstrate a transition from a superlubric to dissipative sliding regime for different twist angles of graphene moirés on a Pt(111) surface triggered by the normal force. This follows from a novel mechanism at superlattice level where, beyond a critical load, moiré tiles are manipulated in a highly dissipative shear process connected to the twist angle. Importantly, the atomic detail of the dissipation associated with the moiré tile manipulation─i.e., enduring forced registry beyond a critical normal load─allows the bridging of disparate sliding regimes in a reversible manner, thus paving the road for a subtly intrinsic control of superlubricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - J G Vilhena
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoine Hinaut
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Scherb
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Feng Luo
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Thilo Glatzel
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Gnecco
- M. Smoluchowksi Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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33
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He Y, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li H. Graphene Nano-Blister in Graphite for Future Cathode in Dual-Ion Batteries: Fundamentals, Advances, and Prospects. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207426. [PMID: 36950760 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The intercalating of anions into cost-effective graphite electrode provides a high operating voltage, therefore, the dual-ion batteries (DIBs) as novel energy storage device has attracted much attention recently. The "graphene in graphite" has always existed in the graphite cathode of DIBs, but has rarely been researched. It is foreseeable that the graphene blisters with the intact lattice structure in the shell can utilize its ultra-high elastic stiffness and reversible lattice expansion for increasing the storage capacity of anions in the batteries. This review proposes an expected "blister model" by introducing the high elasticity of graphene blisters and its possible formation mechanism. The unique blisters composed of multilayer graphene that do not fall off on the graphite surface may become indispensable in nanotechnology in the future development of cathode materials for DIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitao He
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Yujie Dong
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Yaohui Zhang
- School of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 92 Xidazhi Street, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Yongtao Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Fabrication and Surface Technology of Advanced Metal Materials, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Haijin Li
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui, 243002, China
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34
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Fielding SM. Model of Friction with Plastic Contact Nudging: Amontons-Coulomb Laws, Aging of Static Friction, and Nonmonotonic Stribeck Curves with Finite Quasistatic Limit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:178203. [PMID: 37172252 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.178203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a model of friction between two contacting (stationary or cosliding) rough surfaces, each comprising a random ensemble of polydisperse hemispherical bumps. In the simplest version of the model, the bumps experience on contact with each other only pairwise elastic repulsion and dissipative drag. These minimal ingredients are sufficient to capture a static state of jammed, interlocking contacting bumps, below a critical frictional force that is proportional to the normal load and independent of the apparent contact area, consistent with the Amontons-Coulomb laws of friction. However, they fail to capture two widespread observations: (i) that the dynamic friction coefficient (ratio of frictional to normal force in steady sliding) is a roughly constant or slightly weakening function of the sliding velocity U, at low U, with a nonzero quasistatic limit as U→0 and (ii) that the static friction coefficient (ratio of frictional to normal force needed to initiate sliding) increases ("ages") as a function of the time that surfaces are pressed together in stationary contact, before sliding commences. To remedy these shortcomings, we incorporate a single additional model ingredient: that contacting bumps plastically nudge one another slightly sideways, above a critical contact-contact load. With this additional insight, the model also captures observations (i) and (ii).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Fielding
- Department of Physics, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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35
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Wang C, He Q, Guo P, Qi H, Su J, Chen W, Tang C, Jia Y. Friction properties of black phosphorus: a first-principles study. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:275703. [PMID: 37015217 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acca25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Based on the first-principle, the friction anisotropy, structural super-lubricity and oxidation induced ultra-low friction of black phosphorus at atomic scale under different loads have been studied. The results show that the interface friction of black phosphorus is anisotropic, that is, the friction along the armchair direction is greater than that along the zigzag direction. Moreover, the friction between the black phosphorus interfaces shows a structural superlubricity property, and the incommensurate interface friction is approximately one thousandth of the commensurate interface friction, which is mainly due to the less electronic charge and the smaller amplitude of electronic charge change between the incommensurate interfaces during the friction process. In addition, the oxidation of black phosphorus is beneficial for lubrication between interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
- College of Science, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing He
- College of Science, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Guo
- College of Science, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoqiang Qi
- College of Science, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Su
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguang Chen
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou, 450044, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjuan Tang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Jia
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, People's Republic of China
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36
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Liao M, Silva A, Du L, Nicolini P, Claerbout VEP, Kramer D, Yang R, Shi D, Polcar T, Zhang G. Twisting Dynamics of Large Lattice-Mismatch van der Waals Heterostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19616-19623. [PMID: 37023057 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals (vdW) homo/heterostructures are ideal systems for studying interfacial tribological properties such as structural superlubricity. Previous studies concentrated on the mechanism of translational motion in vdW interfaces. However, detailed mechanisms and general properties of the rotational motion are barely explored. Here, we combine experiments and simulations to reveal the twisting dynamics of the MoS2/graphite heterostructure. Unlike the translational friction falling into the superlubricity regime with no twist angle dependence, the dynamic rotational resistances highly depend on twist angles. Our results show that the periodic rotational resistance force originates from structural potential energy changes during the twisting. The structural potential energy of MoS2/graphite heterostructure increases monotonically from 0° to 30° twist angles, and the estimated relative energy barrier is (1.43 ± 0.36) × 10-3 J/m2. The formation of Moiré superstructures in the graphene layer is the key to controlling the structural potential energy of the MoS2/graphene heterostructure. Our results suggest that in twisting 2D heterostructures, even if the interface sliding friction is negligible, the evolving potential energy change results in a nonvanishing rotational resistance force. The structural change of the heterostructure can be an additional pathway for energy dissipation in the rotational motion, further enhancing the rotational friction force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhou Liao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Control Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 16627 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Silva
- National Centre for Advanced Tribology (nCATS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Highfield, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
- CNR-IOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, c/o SISSA, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luojun Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150 Aalto, Finland
| | - Paolo Nicolini
- Department of Control Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 16627 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Victor E P Claerbout
- Department of Control Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 16627 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Denis Kramer
- Mechanical Engineering, Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg,22043, Germany
| | - Rong Yang
- College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Dongxia Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tomas Polcar
- Department of Control Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 16627 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Advanced Tribology (nCATS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Highfield, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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37
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Barabas AZ, Sequeira I, Yang Y, Barajas-Aguilar AH, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Sanchez-Yamagishi JD. Mechanically reconfigurable van der Waals devices via low-friction gold sliding. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf9558. [PMID: 37027469 PMCID: PMC10081839 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf9558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces of van der Waals (vdW) materials, such as graphite and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), exhibit low-friction sliding due to their atomically flat surfaces and weak vdW bonding. We demonstrate that microfabricated gold also slides with low friction on hBN. This enables the arbitrary post-fabrication repositioning of device features both at ambient conditions and in situ to a measurement cryostat. We demonstrate mechanically reconfigurable vdW devices where device geometry and position are continuously tunable parameters. By fabricating slidable top gates on a graphene-hBN device, we produce a mechanically tunable quantum point contact where electron confinement and edge-state coupling can be continuously modified. Moreover, we combine in situ sliding with simultaneous electronic measurements to create new types of scanning probe experiments, where gate electrodes and even entire vdW heterostructure devices can be spatially scanned by sliding across a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Z. Barabas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ian Sequeira
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan
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38
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Liu Z, Szczefanowicz B, Lopes JMJ, Gan Z, George A, Turchanin A, Bennewitz R. Nanoscale friction on MoS 2/graphene heterostructures. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5809-5815. [PMID: 36857670 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00138e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stacked hetero-structures of two-dimensional materials allow for a design of interactions with corresponding electronic and mechanical properties. We report structure, work function, and frictional properties of 1 to 4 layers of MoS2 grown by chemical vapor deposition on epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001). Experiments were performed by atomic force microscopy in ultra-high vacuum. Friction is dominated by adhesion which is mediated by a deformation of the layers to adapt the shape of the tip apex. Friction decreases with increasing number of MoS2 layers as the bending rigidity leads to less deformation. The dependence of friction on applied load and bias voltage can be attributed to variations in the atomic potential corrugation of the interface, which is enhanced by both load and applied bias. Minimal friction is obtained when work function differences are compensated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D22, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | | | - J Marcelo J Lopes
- Paul-Drude-Institute für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Hausvogteiplaz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ziyang Gan
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Antony George
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Roland Bennewitz
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D22, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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39
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Heterostrain and temperature-tuned twist between graphene/h-BN bilayers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4364. [PMID: 36928342 PMCID: PMC10020467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials stacked atomically at small twist angles enable the modification of electronic states, motivating twistronics. Here, we demonstrate that heterostrain can rotate the graphene flake on monolayer h-BN within a few degrees (- 4° to 4°), and the twist angle stabilizes at specific values with applied constant strains, while the temperature effect is negligible in 100-900 K. The band gaps of bilayers can be modulated from ~ 0 to 37 meV at proper heterostrain and twist angles. Further analysis shows that the heterostrain modulates the interlayer energy landscape by regulating Moiré pattern evolution. The energy variation is correlated with the dynamic instability of different stacking modes of bilayers, and arises from the fluctuation of interlayer repulsive interaction associated with p-orbit electrons. Our results provide a mechanical strategy to manipulate twist angles of graphene/h-BN bilayers, and may facilitate the design of rotatable electronic nanodevices.
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40
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Dong Y, Ding Y, Rui Z, Lian F, Tao Y, Hui W, Fu R. Decoding the phonon transport of structural lubrication at silicon/silicon interface. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:215704. [PMID: 36821852 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acbe48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the friction characteristics under different contact conditions have been extensively studied, the mechanism of phonon transport at the structural lubrication interface is not extremely clear. In this paper, we firstly promulgate that there is a 90°-symmetry of friction force depending on rotation angle at Si/Si interface, which is independent of normal load and temperature. It is further found that the interfacial temperature difference under incommensurate contacts is much larger than that in commensurate cases, which can be attributed to the larger interfacial thermal resistance (ITR). The lower ITR brings greater energy dissipation in commensurate sliding, and the reason for that is more effective energy dissipation channels between the friction surfaces, making it easier for the excited phonons at the washboard frequency and its harmonics to transfer through the interface. Nevertheless, the vibrational frequencies of the interfacial atoms between the tip and substrate during the friction process do not match in incommensurate cases, and there is no effective energy transfer channel, thus presenting the higher ITR and lower friction. Eventually, the number of excited phonons on contact surfaces reveals the amount of frictional energy dissipation in different contact states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dong
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Nanomaterials Application Technology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusong Ding
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Rui
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangming Lian
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibin Hui
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Fu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, People's Republic of China
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41
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Li R, Yang X, Ma M, Zhang J. Hydrogen-Enhanced Catalytic Conversion of Amorphous Carbon to Graphene for Achieving Superlubricity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206580. [PMID: 36642795 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The solid-state conversion of amorphous carbon into graphene is extremely difficult, but it can be achieved in the friction experiments that induce macroscale superlubricity. However, the underlying conversion mechanisms remain elusive. Here, the friction experiments with Cu nanoparticles and (non-hydrogen (H) or H) a-C in vacuum, show the H-induced conversion of mechanical to chemical wear, resulting in the a-C's tribosoftening and nanofragmentating that produce hydrocarbon nanoclusters or molecules. It is such exactly hydrocarbon species that yield graphene at hydrogen-rich a-C friction interface, through reaction of them with Cu nanoparticles. In comparison, graphene isn't formed at Cu/non-H a-C friction interface. Atomistic simulations reveal the hydrogen-enhanced tribochemical decomposition of a-C and demonstrate the energetically favorable graphitization transformation of hydrocarbons on Cu substrates. The findings are of importance to achieve solid-state transformation between different carbon allotropes and provide a good strategy to synthesize other graphitic encapsulated catalysts with doped elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730 000, China
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730 000, China
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42
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Thi QH, Man P, Liu H, Huang L, Chen X, Lee CS, Zhao J, Deng Q, Saeed S, Ly TH. Ultrahigh Lubricity between Two-Dimensional Ice and Two-Dimensional Atomic Layers. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:1379-1385. [PMID: 36763496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature and high humidity conditions significantly degrade the performance of solid-state lubricants consisting of van der Waals (vdW) atomic layers, owing to the liquid water layer attached/intercalated to the vdW layers, which greatly enhances the interlayer friction. However, using low temperature in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and friction force microscopy (FFM), we unveil the unexpected ultralow friction between two-dimensional (2D) ice, a solid phase of water confined to the 2D space, and the 2D molybdenum disulfides (MoS2). The friction of MoS2 and 2D ice is reduced by more than 30% as compared to bare MoS2 and the rigid surface. The phase transition of liquid water into 2D ice under mechanical compression has also been observed. These new findings can be applied as novel frictionless water/ice transport technology in nanofluidic systems and promising high performance lubricants for operating in low temperature and high humidity environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Huy Thi
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Ping Man
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Haijun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Lingli Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Qingming Deng
- Physics Department and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Chemistry of Low-Dimensional Materials, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian 223300, China
| | - Saba Saeed
- Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Thuc Hue Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518000, China
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43
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Du C, Yu T, Zhang L, Deng H, Shen R, Li X, Feng Y, Wang D. Macroscale Superlubricity with Ultralow Wear and Ultrashort Running-In Period (∼1 s) through Phytic Acid-Based Complex Green Liquid Lubricants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10302-10314. [PMID: 36755437 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid superlubricity has attracted much attention, due to its ability to significantly reduce friction on the macroscale. However, the severe wear caused by the long running-in period is still one of the bottlenecks restricting the practical application of liquid superlubricating materials. In this work, the obtained polyethylene glycol-phytic acid (PEG-PA) composite liquid lubricants showed outstanding superlubricating properties (μ ≈ 0.006) for Si3N4/glass friction pairs with an ultrashort running-in period (∼1 s) under high Hertzian contact pressure of ∼758 MPa. More importantly, even after up to 12 h (∼700 m of travel), only about 100 nm deep wear scars were found on the surface of the glass sheet (wear rate = 2.51× 10-9 mm3 N-1 m-1). From the molecular point of view, the water molecules anchored between the two friction pairs have extremely low shear force during the friction process, and the strong hydrogen bond interaction between PEG and PA greatly improves the bearing capacity of the lubricant. This work addresses the challenge of liquid superlubricant simultaneously exhibiting low shear force and high load-carrying capacity and makes it possible to obtain liquid superlubrication performance with an extremely short running-in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhe Du
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tongtong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Haoyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruilin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yange Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Daoai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266104, China
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44
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Lafon S, Chennevière A, Restagno F, Merabia S, Joly L. Giant slip length at a supercooled liquid-solid interface. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:025101. [PMID: 36932489 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.025101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The effect of temperature on friction and slip at the liquid-solid interface has attracted attention over the last 20 years, both numerically and experimentally. However, the role of temperature on slip close to the glass transition has been less explored. Here we use molecular dynamics to simulate a bidisperse atomic fluid, which can remain liquid below its melting point (supercooled state), to study the effect of temperature on friction and slip length between the liquid and a smooth apolar wall in a broad range of temperatures. At high temperatures, an Arrhenius law fits well the temperature dependence of viscosity, friction, and slip length. In contrast, when the fluid is supercooled, the viscosity becomes super-Arrhenian, while interfacial friction can remain Arrhenian or even drastically decrease when lowering the temperature, resulting in a massive increase of the slip length. We rationalize the observed superlubricity by the surface crystallization of the fluid, and the incommensurability between the structures of the fluid interfacial layer and of the wall. This study calls for experimental investigation of the slip length of supercooled liquids on low surface energy solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Lafon
- Paris-Saclay University, CNRS, Solid State Physics Laboratory, 91405 Orsay, France
| | | | - Frédéric Restagno
- Paris-Saclay University, CNRS, Solid State Physics Laboratory, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Samy Merabia
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Laurent Joly
- Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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45
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Panizon E, Silva A, Cao X, Wang J, Bechinger C, Vanossi A, Tosatti E, Manini N. Frictionless nanohighways on crystalline surfaces. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1299-1316. [PMID: 36545940 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04532j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of friction at nano-scales, ruled by the regular arrangement of atoms, is surprisingly incomplete. Here we provide a unified understanding by studying the interlocking potential energy of two infinite contacting surfaces with arbitrary lattice symmetries, and extending it to finite contacts. We categorize, based purely on geometrical features, all possible contacts into three different types: a structurally lubric contact where the monolayer can move isotropically without friction, a corrugated and strongly interlocked contact, and a newly discovered directionally structurally lubric contact where the layer can move frictionlessly along one specific direction and retains finite friction along all other directions. This novel category is energetically stable against rotational perturbations and provides extreme friction anisotropy. The finite-size analysis shows that our categorization applies to a wide range of technologically relevant materials in contact, from adsorbates on crystal surfaces to layered two-dimensional materials and colloidal monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Panizon
- Fachbereich Physik, University Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Silva
- CNR-IOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, c/o SISSA, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Xin Cao
- Fachbereich Physik, University Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jin Wang
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Vanossi
- CNR-IOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, c/o SISSA, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Erio Tosatti
- CNR-IOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, c/o SISSA, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Manini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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46
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Romanov RI, Fominski DV, Demin MV, Gritskevich MD, Doroshina NV, Volkov VS, Fominski VY. Tribological Properties of WS 2 Thin Films Containing Graphite-like Carbon and Ni Interlayers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:282. [PMID: 36614621 PMCID: PMC9822394 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development and production of thin-film coatings having very low friction is an urgent problem of materials science. One of the most promising solutions is the fabrication of special nanocomposites containing transition-metal dichalcogenides and various carbon-based nanophases. This study aims to explore the influence of graphite-like carbon (g-C) and Ni interface layers on the tribological properties of thin WS2 films. Nanocrystalline WS2 films were created by reactive pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in H2S at 500 °C. Between the two WS2 nanolayers, g-C and Ni nanofilms were fabricated by PLD at 700 and 22 °C, respectively. Tribotesting was carried out in a nitrogen-enriched atmosphere by the reciprocal sliding of a steel counterbody under a relatively low load of 1 N. For single-layer WS2 films, the friction coefficient was ~0.04. The application of g-C films did not noticeably improve the tribological properties of WS2-based films. However, the application of thin films of g-C and Ni reduced the friction coefficient to 0.013, thus, approaching superlubricity. The island morphology of the Ni nanofilm ensured WS2 retention and altered the contact area between the counterbody and the film surface. The catalytic properties of nickel facilitated the introduction of S and H atoms into g-C. The sliding of WS2 nanoplates against an amorphous g-C(S, H) nanolayer caused a lower coefficient of friction than the relative sliding of WS2 nanoplates. The detected behavior of the prepared thin films suggests a new strategy of designing antifriction coatings for practical applications and highlights the ample opportunities of laser techniques in the formation of promising thin-film coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman I. Romanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Fominski
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Demin
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo St 14, Kaliningrad 236016, Russia
| | - Mariya D. Gritskevich
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Doroshina
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Valentyn S. Volkov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Yu. Fominski
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, Moscow 115409, Russia
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47
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Song Y, Gao X, Hinaut A, Scherb S, Huang S, Glatzel T, Hod O, Urbakh M, Meyer E. Velocity Dependence of Moiré Friction. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9529-9536. [PMID: 36449068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Friction force microscopy experiments on moiré superstructures of graphene-coated platinum surfaces demonstrate that in addition to atomic stick-slip dynamics, a new dominant energy dissipation route emerges. The underlying mechanism, revealed by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, is related to moiré ridge elastic deformations and subsequent relaxation due to the action of the pushing tip. The measured frictional velocity dependence displays two distinct regimes: (i) at low velocities, the friction force is small and nearly constant; and (ii) above some threshold, friction increases logarithmically with velocity. The threshold velocity, separating the two frictional regimes, decreases with increasing normal load and moiré superstructure period. Based on the measurements and simulation results, a phenomenological model is derived, allowing us to calculate friction under a wide range of room temperature experimental conditions (sliding velocities of 1-104 nm/s and a broad range of normal loads) and providing excellent agreement with experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Song
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Antoine Hinaut
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Scherb
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Shuyu Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
- Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Thilo Glatzel
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Oded Hod
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Michael Urbakh
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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Buzio R, Gerbi A, Bernini C, Repetto L, Vanossi A. Sliding Friction and Superlubricity of Colloidal AFM Probes Coated by Tribo-Induced Graphitic Transfer Layers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12570-12580. [PMID: 36190908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) allows us to explore sliding friction phenomena in graphite contacts of nominal lateral size up to hundreds of nanometers. It is known that contact formation involves tribo-induced material transfer of graphite flakes from the graphitic substrate to the colloidal probe. In this context, sliding states with nearly vanishing friction, i.e., superlubricity, may set in. A comprehensive investigation of the transfer layer properties is mandatory to ascertain the origin of superlubricity. Here we explore the friction response of micrometric beads, of different size and pristine surface roughness, sliding on graphite under ambient conditions. We show that such tribosystems undergo a robust transition toward a low-adhesion, low-friction state dominated by mechanical interactions at one dominant tribo-induced nanocontact. Friction force spectroscopy reveals that the nanocontact can be superlubric or dissipative, in fact undergoing a load-driven transition from dissipative stick-slip to continuous superlubric sliding. This behavior is excellently described by the thermally activated, single-asperity Prandtl-Tomlinson model. Our results indicate that upon formation of the transfer layer, friction depends on the energy landscape experienced by the topographically highest tribo-induced nanoasperity. We consistently find larger dissipation when the tribo-induced nanoasperity is slid against surfaces with higher atomic corrugation than graphite, like MoS2 and WS2, in prototypical van der Waals layered heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Buzio
- CNR-SPIN, C.so F.M. Perrone 24, Genova16152, Italy
| | - Andrea Gerbi
- CNR-SPIN, C.so F.M. Perrone 24, Genova16152, Italy
| | | | - Luca Repetto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova16146, Italy
| | - Andrea Vanossi
- CNR-IOM Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, c/o SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, Trieste34136, Italy
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, Trieste34136, Italy
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49
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Zhou X, Chen P, Xu RG, Zhang C, Zhang J. Interfacial friction of vdW heterostructures affected by in-plane strain. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:015708. [PMID: 36174390 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac962a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial properties of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures dominate the durability and function of their booming practical and potential applications such as opoelectronic devices, superconductors and even pandemics research. However, the strain engineering modulates of interlayer friction of vdW heterostructures consisting of two distinct materials are still unclear, which hinders the applications of vdW heterostructures, as well as the design of solid lubricant and robust superlubricity. In the present paper, a molecular model between a hexagonal graphene flake and a rectangular SLMoS2sheet is established, and the influence of biaxial and uniaxial strain on interlayer friction is explored by molecular dynamics. It is found that the interlayer friction is insensitive to applied strains. Strong robustness of superlubricity between distinct layers is owed to the structure's intrinsic incommensurate characteristics and the existence of Moiré pattern. In engineering practice, it is of potential importance to introduce two distinct 2D materials at the sliding contact interface to reduce the interfacial friction of the contact pair and serve as ideal solid lubricants. Our research provides a further basis to explore the nanotribology and strain engineering of 2D materials and vdW heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Peijian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and astronautics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210016, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Guang Xu
- School of Engineering & Applied Science, The George Washington University, Washington DC, WA-20052, United States of America
| | - Cun Zhang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang, 050043, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiazhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221116, People's Republic of China
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50
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Humidity-dependent lubrication of highly loaded contacts by graphite and a structural transition to turbostratic carbon. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5958. [PMID: 36216806 PMCID: PMC9550797 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphite represents a promising material for solid lubrication of highly loaded tribological contacts under extreme environmental conditions. At low loads, graphite’s lubricity depends on humidity. The adsorption model explains this by molecular water films on graphite leading to defect passivation and easy sliding of counter bodies. To explore the humidity dependence and validate the adsorption model for high loads, a commercial graphite solid lubricant is studied using microtribometry. Even at 1 GPa contact pressure, a high and low friction regime is observed - depending on humidity. Transmission electron microscopy reveals transformation of the polycrystalline graphite lubricant into turbostratic carbon after high and even after low load (50 MPa) sliding. Quantum molecular dynamics simulations relate high friction and wear to cold welding and shear-induced formation of turbostratic carbon, while low friction originates in molecular water films on surfaces. In this work, a generalized adsorption model including turbostratic carbon formation is suggested. Graphite, one of the oldest known dry lubricants, loses its friction-reducing properties in dry environments. Here, the authors show that this effect is associated with both chemical modifications of the surfaces and a structural transformation of the graphite to turbostratic carbon.
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