1
|
Manan S, Bilal S. Editorial: Molecular regulation of seed development and storage reserve metabolism in crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1348252. [PMID: 38269135 PMCID: PMC10807039 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1348252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Manan
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bu M, Fan W, Li R, He B, Cui P. Lipid Metabolism and Improvement in Oilseed Crops: Recent Advances in Multi-Omics Studies. Metabolites 2023; 13:1170. [PMID: 38132852 PMCID: PMC10744971 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oilseed crops are rich in plant lipids that not only provide essential fatty acids for the human diet but also play important roles as major sources of biofuels and indispensable raw materials for the chemical industry. The regulation of lipid metabolism genes is a major factor affecting oil production. In this review, we systematically summarize the metabolic pathways related to lipid production and storage in plants and highlight key research advances in characterizing the genes and regulatory factors influencing lipid anabolic metabolism. In addition, we integrate the latest results from multi-omics studies on lipid metabolism to provide a reference to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying oil anabolism in oilseed crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Bu
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Ruonan Li
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Bing He
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang N, Tao B, Mai J, Guo Y, Li R, Chen R, Zhao L, Wen J, Yi B, Tu J, Fu T, Zou J, Shen J. Kinase CIPK9 integrates glucose and abscisic acid signaling to regulate seed oil metabolism in rapeseed. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1836-1856. [PMID: 36494098 PMCID: PMC10022627 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus), an important oil crop worldwide, provides large amounts of lipids for human requirements. Calcineurin B-like (CBL)-interacting protein kinase 9 (CIPK9) was reported to regulate seed oil content in the plant. Here, we generated gene-silenced lines through RNA interference biotechnology and loss-of-function mutant bnacipk9 using CRISPR/Cas9 to further study BnaCIPK9 functions in the seed oil metabolism of rapeseeds. We discovered that compared with wild-type (WT) lines, gene-silenced and bnacipk9 lines had substantially different oil contents and fatty acid compositions: seed oil content was improved by 3%-5% and 1%-6% in bnacipk9 lines and gene-silenced lines, respectively; both lines were with increased levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and decreased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, hormone and glucose content analyses revealed that compared with WT lines the bnacipk9 lines showed significant differences: in bnacipk9 seeds, indoleacetic acid and abscisic acid (ABA) levels were higher; glucose and sucrose contents were higher with a higher hexose-to-sucrose ratio in bnacipk9 mid-to-late maturation development seeds. Furthermore, the bnacipk9 was less sensitive to glucose and ABA than the WT according to stomatal aperture regulation assays and the expression levels of genes involved in glucose and ABA regulating pathways in rapeseeds. Notably, in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), exogenous ABA and glucose imposed on developing seeds revealed the effects of ABA and glucose signaling on seed oil accumulation. Altogether, our results strongly suggest a role of CIPK9 in mediating the interaction between glucose flux and ABA hormone signaling to regulate seed oil metabolism in rapeseed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Baolong Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaming Mai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanli Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rihui Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rundong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lun Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/National Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jitao Zou
- National Research Council Canada, 110 Gymnasium Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0W9, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Farooq MA, Ma W, Shen S, Gu A. Underlying Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms for Seed Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158502. [PMID: 35955637 PMCID: PMC9369107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the burgeoning population of the world, the successful germination of seeds to achieve maximum crop production is very important. Seed germination is a precise balance of phytohormones, light, and temperature that induces endosperm decay. Abscisic acid and gibberellins—mainly with auxins, ethylene, and jasmonic and salicylic acid through interdependent molecular pathways—lead to the rupture of the seed testa, after which the radicle protrudes out and the endosperm provides nutrients according to its growing energy demand. The incident light wavelength and low and supra-optimal temperature modulates phytohormone signaling pathways that induce the synthesis of ROS, which results in the maintenance of seed dormancy and germination. In this review, we have summarized in detail the biochemical and molecular processes occurring in the seed that lead to the germination of the seed. Moreover, an accurate explanation in chronological order of how phytohormones inside the seed act in accordance with the temperature and light signals from outside to degenerate the seed testa for the thriving seed’s germination has also been discussed.
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang Z, Liu X, Wang K, Li Z, Jia Q, Zhao C, Zhang M. ABA-INSENSITIVE 3 with or without FUSCA3 highly up-regulates lipid droplet proteins and activates oil accumulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2077-2092. [PMID: 34849730 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ABA-INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) has long been known for activation of storage protein accumulation. A role of ABI3 on oil accumulation was previously suggested based on a decrease of oil content in seeds of abi3 mutant. However, this conclusion could not exclude possibilities of indirect or pleiotropic effects, such as through mutual regulatory interactions with FUSCA3 (FUS3), an activator of oil accumulation. To identify that ABI3 functions independent of the effects of related seed transcription factors, we expressed ABI3 under the control of an inducible promoter in tobacco BY2 cells and Arabidopsis rosette leaves. Inducible expression of ABI3 activated oil accumulation in these non-seed cells, demonstrating a general role of ABI3 in regulation of oil biosynthesis. Further expressing ABI3 in rosette leaves of fus3 knockout mutant still caused up to 3-fold greater triacylglycerol accumulation, indicating ABI3 can activate lipid accumulation independently of FUS3. Transcriptome analysis revealed that LIPID DROPLET PROTEIN (LDP) genes, including OLEOSINs and CALEOSINs, were up-regulated up to 1000-fold by ABI3 in the absence of FUS3, while the expression of WRINKLED1 was doubled. Taken together, our results provide genetic evidence that ABI3 activates oil accumulation with or without FUS3, most likely through up-regulating LDPs and WRINKLED1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangling Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuowei Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingli Jia
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cuizhu Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Liu Z, Peng L, Hao Q, Liu Z, Men S, Tong N, Shu Q. ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5-ω3 FATTY ACID DESATURASE3 module regulates unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis in Paeonia ostii. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 317:111189. [PMID: 35193738 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Paeonia ostii is an authorized novel vegetable oil crop due to its seeds rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) especially α-linolenic acid (ALA), which overweight the current available edible oil. However, little is known on the regulation mechanism of UFAs biosynthesis during its seed development. Here, we used transcriptome and proteome data combining phytochemistry means to uncover the relationship between abscisic acid (ABA) signaling and UFAs biosynthesis during P. ostii seed development. Based on transcriptome and proteome analysis, two desaturases of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acid, named as PoFAD2 and PoFAD3 responsible for ALA biosynthesis were identified. Then, an ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) proteins was identified as an upstream transcriptional factor, which activated the expression of PoFAD3 instead of PoFAD2. Moreover, silencing of PoABI5 repressed the response of PoFAD3 to ABA. This study provides the first view on the connection between the function of ABA signaling factors and ALA biosynthesis in the P. ostii seed, which lays the foundation for studies on the regulatory mechanism of ABA signaling involved in the UFAs synthesis during seeds development, meanwhile, it will shed light on manipulation of ALA content for satisfying human demands on high quality of edible oil or healthy supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Xiruo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Landscape and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Zheng'an Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Liping Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Qing Hao
- College of Landscape and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
| | - Zenggen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China.
| | - Siqi Men
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ningning Tong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Qingyan Shu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Peng L, Xie T, Guo Z, Li X, Chang Y, Tu H, Wang S, Wu N, Yao Y, Xiong L. Genome-wide association study revealed genetic variations of ABA sensitivity controlled by multiple stress-related genes in rice. STRESS BIOLOGY 2021; 1:10. [PMID: 37676585 PMCID: PMC10441979 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-021-00011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a critical phytohormone that regulates multiple physiological processes including plant growth and stress tolerance. The core ABA signaling pathway has been well established, but genetic variations mediating ABA responses remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify loci and genes associated with ABA sensitivity (reflected by seed germination inhibition by ABA) in a panel of 425 rice accessions. The seed germination assay revealed that Aus and indica rice had stronger ABA sensitivity than japonica rice. A total of 48 non-redundant association loci were detected in the indica subpopulation and whole population, and 386 genes in these loci were responsive to ABA or abiotic stresses. Eight association loci were overlapped with previously reported loci for yield under drought stress or for drought-indicative image traits. Haplotype analyses of important candidate genes such as OsSAPK6, a key component in the ABA signaling core, were performed to identify key SNPs/InDels that may affect gene functions through promoter activity regulation, amino acid variation, or gene splicing. These results provide insights into the genetic basis of ABA sensitivity related to stress responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zilong Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaokai Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu Chang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haifu Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shengchang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Nai Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yilong Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lizhong Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen B, Fiers M, Dekkers BJW, Maas L, van Esse GW, Angenent GC, Zhao Y, Boutilier K. ABA signalling promotes cell totipotency in the shoot apex of germinating embryos. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6418-6436. [PMID: 34175924 PMCID: PMC8483786 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a type of induced cell totipotency where embryos develop from vegetative tissues of the plant instead of from gamete fusion after fertilization. SE can be induced in vitro by exposing explants to growth regulators, such as the auxinic herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) has been proposed to be a downstream signalling component at the intersection between 2,4-D- and stress-induced SE, but it is not known how these pathways interact to induce cell totipotency. Here we show that 2,4-D-induced SE from the shoot apex of germinating Arabidopsis thaliana seeds is characterized by transcriptional maintenance of an ABA-dependent seed maturation pathway. Molecular-genetic analysis of Arabidopsis mutants revealed a role for ABA in promoting SE at three different levels: ABA biosynthesis, ABA receptor complex signalling, and ABA-mediated transcription, with essential roles for the ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) and ABI4 transcription factors. Our data suggest that the ability of mature Arabidopsis embryos to maintain the ABA seed maturation environment is an important first step in establishing competence for auxin-induced cell totipotency. This finding provides further support for the role of ABA in directing processes other than abiotic stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baojian Chen
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, AP, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Martijn Fiers
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Bas J W Dekkers
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory for Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research Centre, AA, Netherlands
| | - Lena Maas
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, AP, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - G Wilma van Esse
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, AP, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerco C Angenent
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, AP, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, and CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and Research, AA Wageningen, Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chatterjee D, Wittmeyer K, Lee TF, Cui J, Yennawar NH, Yennawar HP, Meyers BC, Chopra S. Maize unstable factor for orange1 is essential for endosperm development and carbohydrate accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:1932-1950. [PMID: 33905500 PMCID: PMC8331166 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) Ufo1-1 is a spontaneous dominant mutation of the unstable factor for orange1 (ufo1). We recently cloned ufo1, which is a Poaceae-specific gene highly expressed during seed development in maize. Here, we have characterized Ufo1-1 and a loss-of-function Ds insertion allele (ufo1-Dsg) to decipher the role of ufo1 in maize. We found that both ufo1 mutant alleles impact sugars and hormones, and have defects in the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL) and adjacent cell types. The Ufo1-1 BETL had reduced cell elongation and cell wall ingrowth, resulting in cuboidal shaped transfer cells. In contrast, the ufo1-Dsg BETL cells showed a reduced overall size with abnormal wall ingrowth. Expression analysis identified the impact of ufo1 on several genes essential for BETL development. The overexpression of Ufo1-1 in various tissues leads to ectopic phenotypes, including abnormal cell organization and stomata subsidiary cell defects. Interestingly, pericarp and leaf transcriptomes also showed that as compared with wild type, Ufo1-1 had ectopic expression of endosperm development-specific genes. This study shows that Ufo1-1 impacts the expression patterns of a wide range of genes involved in various developmental processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debamalya Chatterjee
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Kameron Wittmeyer
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Tzuu-fen Lee
- The Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Jin Cui
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Neela H Yennawar
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Hemant P Yennawar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Blake C Meyers
- The Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201, USA
| | - Surinder Chopra
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Plant Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Regulation of DNA (de)Methylation Positively Impacts Seed Germination during Seed Development under Heat Stress. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030457. [PMID: 33807066 PMCID: PMC8005211 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed development needs the coordination of multiple molecular mechanisms to promote correct tissue development, seed filling, and the acquisition of germination capacity, desiccation tolerance, longevity, and dormancy. Heat stress can negatively impact these processes and upon the increase of global mean temperatures, global food security is threatened. Here, we explored the impact of heat stress on seed physiology, morphology, gene expression, and methylation on three stages of seed development. Notably, Arabidopsis Col-0 plants under heat stress presented a decrease in germination capacity as well as a decrease in longevity. We observed that upon mild stress, gene expression and DNA methylation were moderately affected. Nevertheless, upon severe heat stress during seed development, gene expression was intensively modified, promoting heat stress response mechanisms including the activation of the ABA pathway. By analyzing candidate epigenetic markers using the mutants’ physiological assays, we observed that the lack of DNA demethylation by the ROS1 gene impaired seed germination by affecting germination-related gene expression. On the other hand, we also observed that upon severe stress, a large proportion of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were located in the promoters and gene sequences of germination-related genes. To conclude, our results indicate that DNA (de)methylation could be a key regulatory process to ensure proper seed germination of seeds produced under heat stress.
Collapse
|
11
|
Tang G, Xu P, Li P, Zhu J, Chen G, Shan L, Wan S. Cloning and functional characterization of seed-specific LEC1A promoter from peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0242949. [PMID: 33750972 PMCID: PMC7984638 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) is a HAP3 subunit of CCAAT-binding transcription factor, which controls several aspects of embryo and postembryo development, including embryo morphogenesis, storage reserve accumulation and skotomorphogenesis. Herein, using the method of chromosomal walking, a 2707bp upstream sequence from the ATG initiation codon site of AhLEC1A which is a homolog of Arabidopsis LEC1 was isolated in peanut. Its transcriptional start site confirmed by 5’ RACE was located at 82 nt from 5’ upstream of ATG. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that there existed many tissue-specific elements and light responsive motifs in its promoter. To identify the functional region of the AhLEC1A promoter, seven plant expression vectors expressing the GUS (β-glucuronidase) gene, driven by 5’ terminal series deleted fragments of AhLEC1A promoter, were constructed and transformed into Arabidopsis. Results of GUS histochemical staining showed that the regulatory region containing 82bp of 5’ UTR and 2228bp promoter could facilitate GUS to express preferentially in the embryos at different development periods of Arabidopsis. Taken together, it was inferred that the expression of AhLEC1A during seed development of peanut might be controlled positively by several seed-specific regulatory elements, as well as negatively by some other regulatory elements inhibiting its expression in other organs. Moreover, the GUS expression pattern of transgenic seedlings in darkness and in light was relevant to the light-responsive elements scattered in AhLEC1A promoter segment, implying that these light-responsive elements harbored in the AhLEC1A promoter regulate skotomorphogenesis of peanut seeds, and AhLEC1A expression was inhibited after the germinated seedlings were transferred from darkness to light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Tang
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pingli Xu
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Pengxiang Li
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jieqiong Zhu
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | | | - Lei Shan
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (LS); (SW)
| | - Shubo Wan
- Bio-Tech Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology, Jinan, Shandong, China
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (LS); (SW)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kumar M, Kesawat MS, Ali A, Lee SC, Gill SS, Kim HU. Integration of Abscisic Acid Signaling with Other Signaling Pathways in Plant Stress Responses and Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E592. [PMID: 31835863 PMCID: PMC6963649 DOI: 10.3390/plants8120592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plants are immobile and, to overcome harsh environmental conditions such as drought, salt, and cold, they have evolved complex signaling pathways. Abscisic acid (ABA), an isoprenoid phytohormone, is a critical signaling mediator that regulates diverse biological processes in various organisms. Significant progress has been made in the determination and characterization of key ABA-mediated molecular factors involved in different stress responses, including stomatal closure and developmental processes, such as seed germination and bud dormancy. Since ABA signaling is a complex signaling network that integrates with other signaling pathways, the dissection of its intricate regulatory network is necessary to understand the function of essential regulatory genes involved in ABA signaling. In the present review, we focus on two aspects of ABA signaling. First, we examine the perception of the stress signal (abiotic and biotic) and the response network of ABA signaling components that transduce the signal to the downstream pathway to respond to stress tolerance, regulation of stomata, and ABA signaling component ubiquitination. Second, ABA signaling in plant development processes, such as lateral root growth regulation, seed germination, and flowering time regulation is investigated. Examining such diverse signal integration dynamics could enhance our understanding of the underlying genetic, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of ABA signaling networks in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manu Kumar
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | | | - Asjad Ali
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, East Lismore NSW 2480, Australia;
| | | | - Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Centre for Biotechnology, MD University, Rohtak 124001, India;
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee HG, Park ME, Park BY, Kim HU, Seo PJ. The Arabidopsis MYB96 Transcription Factor Mediates ABA-Dependent Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Vegetative Tissues under Drought Stress Conditions. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8090296. [PMID: 31443427 PMCID: PMC6784083 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAGs), a major lipid form of energy storage, are involved in a variety of plant developmental processes. While carbon reserves mainly accumulate in seeds, significant amounts of TAG have also been observed in vegetative tissues. Notably, the accumulation of leaf TAGs is influenced by environmental stresses such as drought stress, although underlying molecular networks remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrate that the R2R3-type MYB96 transcription factor promotes TAG biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Core TAG biosynthetic genes were up-regulated in myb96-ox seedlings, but down-regulated in myb96-deficient seedlings. In particular, ABA stimulates TAG accumulation in the vegetative tissues, and MYB96 plays a fundamental role in this process. Considering that TAG accumulation contributes to plant tolerance to drought stress, MYB96-dependent TAG biosynthesis not only triggers plant adaptive responses but also optimizes energy metabolism to ensure plant fitness under unfavorable environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gil Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Mid-Eum Park
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Bo Yeon Park
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
- Department of Technology Dissemination, Agricultural Technology Center, Gwangyang 57737, Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea.
| | - Pil Joon Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Effects of Abscisic Acid and Salicylic Acid on Gene Expression in the Antiviral RNA Silencing Pathway in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102538. [PMID: 31126102 PMCID: PMC6566719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA silencing pathways modulate responses to certain stresses, and can be partially tuned by several hormones such as salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Although SA and ABA are often antagonistic and often modulate different stress responses, they have similar effects on virus resistance, which are partially achieved through the antiviral RNA silencing pathway. Whether they play similar roles in regulating the RNA silencing pathway is unclear. By employing coexpression and promoter analyses, we found that some ABA- and SA-related transcription factors (TFs) are coexpressed with several AGO, DCL, and RDR genes, and have multiple binding sites for the identified TFs in the queried promoters. ABA and SA are antagonistic with respect to the expression of AGO1 and RDRs because ABA was able to induce these genes only in the SA mutant. Nevertheless, both hormones showed similarities in the regulation of other genes, for example, the induction of AGO2 by ABA was SA-dependent, indicating that ABA acts upstream of SA in this regulation. We inferred that the similar effects of ABA and SA on some genes resulted in the redundancy of their roles in resistance to bamboo mosaic virus, but that the two hormones are antagonistic with respect to other genes unrelated to their biosynthesis pathways.
Collapse
|
15
|
Unraveling Molecular and Genetic Studies of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Resistance against Factors Causing Pre-Harvest Sprouting. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9030117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) is one of the most important factors having adverse effects on yield and grain quality all over the world, particularly in wet harvest conditions. PHS is controlled by both genetic and environmental factors and the interaction of these factors. Breeding varieties with high PHS resistance have important implications for reducing yield loss and improving grain quality. The rapid advancements in the wheat genomic database along with transcriptomic and proteomic technologies have broadened our knowledge for understanding the regulatory mechanism of PHS resistance at transcriptomic and post-transcriptomic levels. In this review, we have described in detail the recent advancements on factors influencing PHS resistance, including grain color, seed dormancy, α-amylase activity, plant hormones (especially abscisic acid and gibberellin), and QTL/genes, which are useful for mining new PHS-resistant genes and developing new molecular markers for multi-gene pyramiding breeding of wheat PHS resistance, and understanding the complicated regulatory mechanism of PHS resistance.
Collapse
|
16
|
Simpson K, Fuentes P, Quiroz-Iturra LF, Flores-Ortiz C, Contreras R, Handford M, Stange C. Unraveling the induction of phytoene synthase 2 expression by salt stress and abscisic acid in Daucus carota. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4113-4126. [PMID: 29860511 PMCID: PMC6054239 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Phytoene synthase (PSY) is the first committed enzyme of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway and the most important point of regulation. Carotenoids are precursors of abscisic acid (ABA), which mediates abiotic stress tolerance responses in plants. ABA activates the synthesis of its own precursors through induction of PSY expression. Carrot, a species that accumulates very high amounts of carotenoids in its reserve root, has two PSY paralog genes that are expressed differentially in the root. Here, we determined that DcPSY2 expression is induced by salt stress and ABA. A DcPSY2 promoter fragment was obtained and characterized. Bioinformatic analysis showed the presence of three ABA responsive elements (ABREs). Through overexpressing pPSY2:GFP in Nicotiana tabacum we determined that all three ABREs are necessary for the ABA response. In the carrot transcriptome, we identified three ABRE binding protein (DcAREB) transcription factor candidates that localized in the nucleus, but only one, DcAREB3, was induced under ABA treatment in carrot roots. We found that AREB transcription factors bind to the carrot DcPSY2 promoter and transactivate the expression of reporter genes. We conclude that DcPSY2 is involved in ABA-mediated salt stress tolerance in carrot through the binding of AREB transcription factors to its promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Simpson
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Felipe Quiroz-Iturra
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Flores-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Contreras
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael Handford
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Stange
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yan A, Chen Z. The pivotal role of abscisic acid signaling during transition from seed maturation to germination. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:689-703. [PMID: 27882409 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seed maturation and germination are two continuous developmental processes that link two distinct generations in spermatophytes; the precise genetic control of these two processes is, therefore, crucially important for the survival of the next generation. Pieces of experimental evidence accumulated so far indicate that a concerted action of endogenous signals and environmental cues is required to govern these processes. Plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) has been suggested to play a predominant role in directing seed maturation and maintaining seed dormancy under unfavorable environmental conditions until antagonized by gibberellins (GA) and certain environmental cues to allow the commencement of seed germination when environmental conditions are favorable; therefore, the balance of ABA and GA is a major determinant of the timing of seed germination. Due to the advent of new technologies and system biology approaches, molecular studies are beginning to draw a picture of the sophisticated genetic network that drives seed maturation during the past decade, though the picture is still incomplete and many details are missing. In this review, we summarize recent advances in ABA signaling pathway in the regulation of seed maturation as well as the transition from seed maturation to germination, and highlight the importance of system biology approaches in the study of seed maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An Yan
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Zhong Chen
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Carbonero P, Iglesias-Fernández R, Vicente-Carbajosa J. The AFL subfamily of B3 transcription factors: evolution and function in angiosperm seeds. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:871-880. [PMID: 28007955 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seed development follows zygotic embryogenesis; during the maturation phase reserves accumulate and desiccation tolerance is acquired. This is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level and the AFL (ABI3/FUS3/LEC2) subfamily of B3 transcription factors (TFs) play a central role. They alter hormone biosynthesis, mainly in regards to abscisic acid and gibberellins, and also regulate the expression of other TFs and/or modulate their downstream activity via protein-protein interactions. This review deals with the origin of AFL TFs, which can be traced back to non-vascular plants such as Physcomitrella patens and achieves foremost expansion in the angiosperms. In green algae, like the unicellular Chlamydomonas reinhardtii or the pluricellular Klebsormidium flaccidum, a single B3 gene and four B3 paralogous genes are annotated, respectively. However, none of them present with the structural features of the AFL subfamily, with the exception of the B3 DNA-binding domain. Phylogenetic analysis groups the AFL TFs into four Major Clusters of Ortologous Genes (MCOGs). The origin and function of these genes is discussed in view of their expression patterns and in the context of major regulatory interactions in seeds of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Carbonero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), and E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223-Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Iglesias-Fernández
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), and E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223-Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vicente-Carbajosa
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), and E.T.S.I. Agrónomos, Campus de Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223-Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Acharya BR, Roy Choudhury S, Estelle AB, Vijayakumar A, Zhu C, Hovis L, Pandey S. Optimization of Phenotyping Assays for the Model Monocot Setaria viridis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2172. [PMID: 29312412 PMCID: PMC5743732 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Setaria viridis (green foxtail) is an important model plant for the study of C4 photosynthesis in panicoid grasses, and is fast emerging as a system of choice for the study of plant development, domestication, abiotic stress responses and evolution. Basic research findings in Setaria are expected to advance research not only in this species and its close relative S. italica (foxtail millet), but also in other panicoid grasses, many of which are important food or bioenergy crops. Here we report on the standardization of multiple growth and development assays for S. viridis under controlled conditions, and in response to several phytohormones and abiotic stresses. We optimized these assays at three different stages of the plant's life: seed germination and post-germination growth using agar plate-based assays, early seedling growth and development using germination pouch-based assays, and adult plant growth and development under environmentally controlled growth chambers and greenhouses. These assays will be useful for the community to perform large scale phenotyping analyses, mutant screens, comparative physiological analysis, and functional characterization of novel genes of Setaria or other related agricultural crops. Precise description of various growth conditions, effective treatment conditions and description of the resultant phenotypes will help expand the use of S. viridis as an effective model system.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang M, Cao X, Jia Q, Ohlrogge J. FUSCA3 activates triacylglycerol accumulation in Arabidopsis seedlings and tobacco BY2 cells. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 88:95-107. [PMID: 27288837 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the main storage lipid in plant seeds and the major form of plant oil used for food and, increasingly, for industrial and biofuel applications. Several transcription factors, including FUSCA3 (At3 g26790, FUS3), are associated with embryo maturation and oil biosynthesis in seeds. However, the ability of FUS3 to increase TAG biosynthesis in other tissues has not been quantitatively examined. Here, we evaluated the ability of FUS3 to activate TAG accumulation in non-seed tissues. Overexpression of FUS3 driven by an estradiol-inducible promoter increased oil contents in Arabidopsis seedlings up to 6% of dry weight; more than 50-fold over controls. Eicosenoic acid, a characteristic fatty acid of Arabidopsis seed oil, accumulated to over 20% of fatty acids in cotyledons and leaves. These large increases depended on added sucrose, although without sucrose TAG increased three- to four-fold. Inducing the expression of FUS3 in tobacco BY2 cells also increased TAG accumulation, and co-expression of FUS3 and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) further increased TAG levels to 4% of dry weight. BY2 cell growth was not altered by FUS3 expression, although Arabidopsis seedling development was impaired, consistent with the ability of FUS3 to induce embryo characteristics in non-seed tissues. Microarrays of Arabidopsis seedlings revealed that FUS3 overexpression increased the expression of a higher proportion of genes involved in TAG biosynthesis than genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis or other lipid pathways. Together these results provide additional insights into FUS3 functions in TAG metabolism and suggest complementary strategies for engineering vegetative oil accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Xia Cao
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Qingli Jia
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - John Ohlrogge
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Baud S, Kelemen Z, Thévenin J, Boulard C, Blanchet S, To A, Payre M, Berger N, Effroy-Cuzzi D, Franco-Zorrilla JM, Godoy M, Solano R, Thevenon E, Parcy F, Lepiniec L, Dubreucq B. Deciphering the Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning the Transcriptional Control of Gene Expression by Master Transcriptional Regulators in Arabidopsis Seed. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 171:1099-112. [PMID: 27208266 PMCID: PMC4902591 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), transcriptional control of seed maturation involves three related regulators with a B3 domain, namely LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2), ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), and FUSCA3 (ABI3/FUS3/LEC2 [AFLs]). Although genetic analyses have demonstrated partially overlapping functions of these regulators, the underlying molecular mechanisms remained elusive. The results presented here confirmed that the three proteins bind RY DNA elements (with a 5'-CATG-3' core sequence) but with different specificities for flanking nucleotides. In planta as in the moss Physcomitrella patens protoplasts, the presence of RY-like (RYL) elements is necessary but not sufficient for the regulation of the OLEOSIN1 (OLE1) promoter by the B3 AFLs. G box-like domains, located in the vicinity of the RYL elements, also are required for proper activation of the promoter, suggesting that several proteins are involved. Consistent with this idea, LEC2 and ABI3 showed synergistic effects on the activation of the OLE1 promoter. What is more, LEC1 (a homolog of the NF-YB subunit of the CCAAT-binding complex) further enhanced the activation of this target promoter in the presence of LEC2 and ABI3. Finally, recombinant LEC1 and LEC2 proteins produced in Arabidopsis protoplasts could form a ternary complex with NF-YC2 in vitro, providing a molecular explanation for their functional interactions. Taken together, these results allow us to propose a molecular model for the transcriptional regulation of seed genes by the L-AFL proteins, based on the formation of regulatory multiprotein complexes between NF-YBs, which carry a specific aspartate-55 residue, and B3 transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Baud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Johanne Thévenin
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Céline Boulard
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandrine Blanchet
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra To
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manon Payre
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathalie Berger
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Delphine Effroy-Cuzzi
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Franco-Zorrilla
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Godoy
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Solano
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Thevenon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - François Parcy
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Loïc Lepiniec
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bertrand Dubreucq
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, AgroParisTech, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, F-78026 Versailles cedex, France (S.Ba., Z.K., J.T., C.B., A.T., M.P., N.B., D.E.-C., L.L., B.D.);Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 5168, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/DRF/BIG, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Unité Mixte de Recherche 1417, 38054 Grenoble, France (S.Bl., E.T., F.P.); andGenomics Unit (J.M.F.-Z., M.G.) and Plant Molecular Genetics Department (R.S.), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Universidad Autónoma, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nguyen QT, Kisiala A, Andreas P, Neil Emery R, Narine S. Soybean Seed Development: Fatty Acid and Phytohormone Metabolism and Their Interactions. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:241-60. [PMID: 27252591 PMCID: PMC4869011 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160202220238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable oil utilization is determined by its fatty acid composition. In soybean and other grain crops, during the seed development oil accumulation is important trait for value in food or industrial applications. Seed development is relatively short and sensitive to unfavorable abiotic conditions. These stresses can lead to a numerous undesirable qualitative as well as quantitative changes in fatty acid production. Fatty acid manipulation which targets a higher content of a specific single fatty acid for food or industrial application has gained more attention. Despite several successes in modifying the ratio of endogenous fatty acids in most domesticated oilseed crops, numerous obstacles in FA manipulation of seed maturation are yet to be overcome. Remarkably, connections with plant hormones have not been well studied despite their critical roles in the regulation and promotion of a plethora of processes in plant growth and development. While activities of phytohormones during the reproductive phase have been partially clarified in seed physiology, the biological role of plant hormones in oil accumulation during seed development has not been investigated. In this review seed development and numerous effects of abiotic stresses are discussed. After describing fatty acid and phytohormone metabolism and their interactions, we postulate that the endogenous plant hormones play important roles in fatty acid production in soybean seeds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Thien. Nguyen
- Environmental & Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario,Canada
| | - Anna Kisiala
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Andreas
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - R.J. Neil Emery
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suresh Narine
- Trent Centre for Biomaterials Research, Departments of Physics & Astronomy and Chemistry, Trent University, Peterborough,Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chao WS, Doğramaci M, Horvath DP, Anderson JV, Foley ME. Phytohormone balance and stress-related cellular responses are involved in the transition from bud to shoot growth in leafy spurge. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:47. [PMID: 26897527 PMCID: PMC4761131 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0735-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) is an herbaceous weed that maintains a perennial growth pattern through seasonal production of abundant underground adventitious buds (UABs) on the crown and lateral roots. During the normal growing season, differentiation of bud to shoot growth is inhibited by physiological factors external to the affected structure; a phenomenon referred to as paradormancy. Initiation of shoot growth from paradormant UABs can be accomplished through removal of the aerial shoots (hereafter referred to as paradormancy release). RESULTS In this study, phytohormone abundance and the transcriptomes of paradormant UABs vs. shoot-induced growth at 6, 24, and 72 h after paradormancy release were compared based on hormone profiling and RNA-seq analyses. Results indicated that auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), and flavonoid signaling were involved in maintaining paradormancy in UABs of leafy spurge. However, auxin, ABA, and flavonoid levels/signals decreased by 6 h after paradormancy release, in conjunction with increase in gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinin, jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene, and brassinosteroid (BR) levels/signals. Twenty four h after paradormancy release, auxin and ABA levels/signals increased, in conjunction with increase in GA levels/signals. Major cellular changes were also identified in UABs at 24 h, since both principal component and Venn diagram analysis of transcriptomes clearly set the 24 h shoot-induced growth apart from other time groups. In addition, increase in auxin and ABA levels/signals and the down-regulation of 40 over-represented AraCyc pathways indicated that stress-derived cellular responses may be involved in the activation of stress-induced re-orientation required for initiation of shoot growth. Seventy two h after paradormancy release, auxin, cytokinin, and GA levels/signals were increased, whereas ABA, JA, and ethylene levels/signals were decreased. CONCLUSION Combined results were consistent with different phytohormone signals acting in concert to direct cellular changes involved in bud differentiation and shoot growth. In addition, shifts in balance of these phytohormones at different time points and stress-related cellular responses after paradormancy release appear to be critical factors driving transition of bud to shoot growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wun S Chao
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
| | - Münevver Doğramaci
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
| | - David P Horvath
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
| | - James V Anderson
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
| | - Michael E Foley
- USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Biosciences Research Laboratory, 1605 Albrecht Boulevard, Fargo, ND, 58102-2765, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shu K, Liu XD, Xie Q, He ZH. Two Faces of One Seed: Hormonal Regulation of Dormancy and Germination. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:34-45. [PMID: 26343970 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Seed plants have evolved to maintain the dormancy of freshly matured seeds until the appropriate time for germination. Seed dormancy and germination are distinct physiological processes, and the transition from dormancy to germination is not only a critical developmental step in the life cycle of plants but is also important for agricultural production. These processes are precisely regulated by diverse endogenous hormones and environmental cues. Although ABA (abscisic acid) and GAs (gibberellins) are known to be the primary phytohormones that antagonistically regulate seed dormancy, recent findings demonstrate that another phytohormone, auxin, is also critical for inducing and maintaining seed dormancy, and therefore might act as a key protector of seed dormancy. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the sophisticated molecular networks involving the critical roles of phytohormones in regulating seed dormancy and germination, in which AP2-domain-containing transcription factors play key roles. We also discuss the interactions (crosstalk) of diverse hormonal signals in seed dormancy and germination, focusing on the ABA/GA balance that constitutes the central node.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China; College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Zu-Hua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huang M, Hu Y, Liu X, Li Y, Hou X. Arabidopsis LEAFY COTYLEDON1 Mediates Postembryonic Development via Interacting with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR4. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:3099-111. [PMID: 26566918 PMCID: PMC4682307 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants undergo postembryonic growth during the developmental transition from germinating seeds to seedlings. Recent studies suggest LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1), initially identified as a central regulator in embryogenesis and seed maturation in Arabidopsis thaliana, plays a distinct role in postembryonic development. However, the mechanism by which LEC1 regulates nonembryonic development still remains elusive. In this study, we observed etiolation-related phenotypes in early seedlings of lec1 mutants and inducible LEC1 overexpression transgenic lines. Consistent with this, LEC1 promotes the expression of hypocotyl elongation-related genes in a darkness-dependent manner in spite of the comparable LEC1 transcript levels in the light- and dark-grown seedlings. Furthermore, we show that LEC1 interacts with PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4), a major transcription modulator in postgermination development, to interdependently regulate hypocotyl elongation-related genes via direct binding to G-box element in the dark. Moreover, loss of LEC1 function suppresses the elongated hypocotyl phenotype of PIF-overaccumulating plants; conversely, inducible overexpression of LEC1 does not rescue the short hypocotyl in pif4 mutants. Our findings reveal that LEC1 acts as a coactivator of PIFs in transcriptional regulation during postembryonic growth, providing a possible mechanism by which plants fine-tune morphological development for their survival during the transition from the embryonic phase to seedling establishment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Huang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yilong Hu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yuge Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Xingliang Hou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Huang M, Hu Y, Liu X, Li Y, Hou X. Arabidopsis LEAFY COTYLEDON1 controls cell fate determination during post-embryonic development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:955. [PMID: 26579186 PMCID: PMC4630568 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) transcription factor is a master regulator that shapes plant embryo development and post-embryonic seedling establishment. Loss-of-function of LEC1 alters the cotyledon identity, causing the formation of ectopic trichomes, which does not occur in wild-type seedlings, implying that LEC1 might regulate embryonic cell fate determination during post-embryonic development. To test this hypothesis, we compared the expression of trichome development-related genes between the wild-type and the lec1 mutant. We observed that transcripts of GLABROUS1 (GL1), GL2, and GL3, genes encoding the positive regulators in trichome development, were significantly upregulated, while the TRICHOMELESS1 (TCL2), ENHANCER OF TRY AND CPC1 (ETC1), and ETC2 genes, encoding the negative regulators in trichome development, were downregulated in the lec1 mutant. Furthermore, overexpression of LEC1 activated the expressions of TCL2, CAPPICE (CPC), and ETC1, resulting in production of cotyledonary leaves with no or fewer trichomes during vegetative development. In addition, we demonstrated that LEC1 interacts with TCL2 in yeast and in vitro. A genetic experiment showed that loss-of-function of GL2 rescued the ectopic trichome formation in the lec1 mutant. These findings strongly support that LEC1 regulates trichome development, providing direct evidence for the role of LEC1 in cell fate determination during post-embryonic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Huang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Yilong Hu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Yuge Li
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Xingliang Hou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xingliang Hou,
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yuan TT, Xu HH, Zhang KX, Guo TT, Lu YT. Glucose inhibits root meristem growth via ABA INSENSITIVE 5, which represses PIN1 accumulation and auxin activity in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:1338-50. [PMID: 24237322 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucose functions as a hormone-like signalling molecule that modulates plant growth and development in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, the role of glucose in root elongation remains elusive. Our study demonstrates that high concentrations of glucose reduce the size of the root meristem zone by repressing PIN1 accumulation and thereby reducing auxin levels. In addition, we verified the involvement of ABA INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) in this process by showing that abi5-1 is less sensitive to glucose than the wild type, whereas glucose induces ABI5 expression and the inducible overexpression of ABI5 reduces the size of the root meristem zone. Furthermore, the inducible overexpression of ABI5 in PIN1::PIN1-GFP plants reduces the level of PIN1-GFP, but glucose reduces the level of PIN1-GFP to a lesser extent in abi5-1 PIN1::PIN1-GFP plants than in the PIN1::PIN1-GFP control, suggesting that ABI5 is involved in glucose-regulated PIN1 accumulation. Taken together, our data suggest that ABI5 functions in the glucose-mediated inhibition of the root meristem zone by repressing PIN1 accumulation, thus leading to reduced auxin levels in roots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Schatzki J, Ecke W, Becker HC, Möllers C. Mapping of QTL for the seed storage proteins cruciferin and napin in a winter oilseed rape doubled haploid population and their inheritance in relation to other seed traits. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2014; 127:1213-22. [PMID: 24595811 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-014-2292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cruciferin (cru) and napin (nap) were negatively correlated and the cru/nap ratio was closely negative correlated with glucosinolate content indicating a link between the two biosynthetic pathways. Canola-type oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is an economically important oilseed crop in temperate zones. Apart from the oil, the canola protein shows potential as a value-added food and nutraceutical ingredient. The two major storage protein groups occurring in oilseed rape are the 2 S napins and 12 S cruciferins. The aim of the present study was to analyse the genetic variation and the inheritance of napin and cruciferin content of the seed protein in the winter oilseed rape doubled haploid population Express 617 × R53 and to determine correlations to other seed traits. Seed samples were obtained from field experiments performed in 2 years at two locations with two replicates in Germany. A previously developed molecular marker map of the DH population was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) of the relevant traits. The results indicated highly significant effects of the year and the genotype on napin and cruciferin content as well as on the ratio of cruciferin to napin. Heritabilities were comparatively high with 0.79 for napin and 0.77 for cruciferin. Napin and cruciferin showed a significant negative correlation (-0.36**) and a close negative correlation of the cru/nap ratio to glucosinolate content was observed (-0.81**). Three QTL for napin and two QTL for cruciferin were detected, together explaining 47 and 35 % of the phenotypic variance. A major QTL for glucosinolate content was detected on linkage group N19 whose confidence interval overlapped with QTL for napin and cruciferin content. Results indicate a relationship between seed protein composition and glucosinolate content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Schatzki
- Department of Crop Sciences, Plant Breeding, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 8, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huang Y, Li CY, Qi Y, Park S, Gibson SI. SIS8, a putative mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, regulates sugar-resistant seedling development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 77:577-88. [PMID: 24320620 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Sugar signaling pathways have been evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and are postulated to help regulate plant growth, development and responses to environmental cues. Forward genetic screens have identified sugar signaling or response mutants. Here we report the identification and characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana sugar insensitive8 (sis8) mutants, which display a sugar-resistant seedling development phenotype. Unlike many other sugar insensitive mutants, sis8 mutants exhibit wild-type responses to the inhibitory effects of abscisic acid and paclobutrazol (an inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis) on seed germination. Positional cloning of the SIS8 gene revealed that it encodes a putative mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK; At1g73660). SIS8mRNA is expressed ubiquitously among Arabidopsis organs. A UDP-glucosyltransferase, UGT72E1 (At3g50740), was identified as an interacting partner of SIS8 based on a yeast two-hybrid screen and in planta bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Both SIS8-yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and UGT72E1-YFP fusion proteins localize to the nucleus when transiently expressed in tobacco leaf cells. T-DNA insertions in At3g50740 cause a sugar-insensitive phenotype. These results indicate that SIS8, a putative MAPKKK, is a regulator of sugar response in Arabidopsis and interacts with a UDP-glucosyltransferase in the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Huang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lim S, Park J, Lee N, Jeong J, Toh S, Watanabe A, Kim J, Kang H, Kim DH, Kawakami N, Choi G. ABA-insensitive3, ABA-insensitive5, and DELLAs Interact to activate the expression of SOMNUS and other high-temperature-inducible genes in imbibed seeds in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2013. [PMID: 24326588 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Seeds monitor the environment to germinate at the proper time, but different species respond differently to environmental conditions, particularly light and temperature. In Arabidopsis thaliana, light promotes germination but high temperature suppresses germination. We previously reported that light promotes germination by repressing SOMNUS (SOM). Here, we examined whether high temperature also regulates germination through SOM and found that high temperature activates SOM expression. Consistent with this, som mutants germinated more frequently than the wild type at high temperature. The induction of SOM mRNA at high temperature required abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid biosynthesis, and ABA-insensitive3 (ABI3), ABI5, and DELLAs positively regulated SOM expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that ABI3, ABI5, and DELLAs all target the SOM promoter. At the protein level, ABI3, ABI5, and DELLAs all interact with each other, suggesting that they form a complex on the SOM promoter to activate SOM expression at high temperature. We found that high-temperature-inducible genes frequently have RY motifs and ABA-responsive elements in their promoters, some of which are targeted by ABI3, ABI5, and DELLAs in vivo. Taken together, our data indicate that ABI3, ABI5, and DELLAs mediate high-temperature signaling to activate the expression of SOM and other high-temperature-inducible genes, thereby inhibiting seed germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soohwan Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lim S, Park J, Lee N, Jeong J, Toh S, Watanabe A, Kim J, Kang H, Kim DH, Kawakami N, Choi G. ABA-insensitive3, ABA-insensitive5, and DELLAs Interact to activate the expression of SOMNUS and other high-temperature-inducible genes in imbibed seeds in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:4863-78. [PMID: 24326588 PMCID: PMC3903992 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.118604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seeds monitor the environment to germinate at the proper time, but different species respond differently to environmental conditions, particularly light and temperature. In Arabidopsis thaliana, light promotes germination but high temperature suppresses germination. We previously reported that light promotes germination by repressing SOMNUS (SOM). Here, we examined whether high temperature also regulates germination through SOM and found that high temperature activates SOM expression. Consistent with this, som mutants germinated more frequently than the wild type at high temperature. The induction of SOM mRNA at high temperature required abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid biosynthesis, and ABA-insensitive3 (ABI3), ABI5, and DELLAs positively regulated SOM expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that ABI3, ABI5, and DELLAs all target the SOM promoter. At the protein level, ABI3, ABI5, and DELLAs all interact with each other, suggesting that they form a complex on the SOM promoter to activate SOM expression at high temperature. We found that high-temperature-inducible genes frequently have RY motifs and ABA-responsive elements in their promoters, some of which are targeted by ABI3, ABI5, and DELLAs in vivo. Taken together, our data indicate that ABI3, ABI5, and DELLAs mediate high-temperature signaling to activate the expression of SOM and other high-temperature-inducible genes, thereby inhibiting seed germination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soohwan Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jeongmoo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Nayoung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Jinkil Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Shigeo Toh
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Asuka Watanabe
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Hyojin Kang
- National Institute of Supercomputing and Networking, Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Naoto Kawakami
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Giltsu Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
- Address correspondence to
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cantoro R, Crocco CD, Benech-Arnold RL, Rodríguez MV. In vitro binding of Sorghum bicolor transcription factors ABI4 and ABI5 to a conserved region of a GA 2-OXIDASE promoter: possible role of this interaction in the expression of seed dormancy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:5721-35. [PMID: 24151305 PMCID: PMC3871824 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The precise adjustment of the timing of dormancy release according to final grain usage is still a challenge for many cereal crops. Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] shows wide intraspecific variability in dormancy level and susceptibility to pre-harvest sprouting (PHS). Both embryo sensitivity to abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) metabolism play an important role in the expression of dormancy of the developing sorghum grain. In previous works, it was shown that, simultaneously with a greater embryo sensitivity to ABA and higher expression of SbABA-INSENSITIVE 4 (SbABI4) and SbABA-INSENSITIVE 5 (SbABI5), dormant grains accumulate less active GA4 due to a more active GA catabolism. In this work, it is demonstrated that the ABA signalling components SbABI4 and SbABI5 interact in vitro with a fragment of the SbGA 2-OXIDASE 3 (SbGA2ox3) promoter containing an ABA-responsive complex (ABRC). Both transcription factors were able to bind the promoter, although not simultaneously, suggesting that they might compete for the same cis-acting regulatory sequences. A biological role for these interactions in the expression of dormancy of sorghum grains is proposed: either SbABI4 and/or SbABI5 activate transcription of the SbGA2ox3 gene in vivo and promote SbGA2ox3 protein accumulation; this would result in active degradation of GA4, thus preventing germination of dormant grains. A comparative analysis of the 5'-regulatory region of GA2oxs from both monocots and dicots is also presented; conservation of the ABRC in closely related GA2oxs from Brachypodium distachyon and rice suggest that these species might share the same regulatory mechanism as proposed for grain sorghum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Cantoro
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Av. San Martín 4453 (C1417DSE) CABA, Argentina
- Cátedra de Cultivos Industriales, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453 (C1417DSE) CABA, Argentina
| | - Carlos Daniel Crocco
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Av. San Martín 4453 (C1417DSE) CABA, Argentina
| | - Roberto Luis Benech-Arnold
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Av. San Martín 4453 (C1417DSE) CABA, Argentina
- Cátedra de Cultivos Industriales, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453 (C1417DSE) CABA, Argentina
| | - María Verónica Rodríguez
- IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Av. San Martín 4453 (C1417DSE) CABA, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu X, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Feng Z, Li Q, Yang HQ, Luan S, Li J, He ZH. Auxin controls seed dormancy through stimulation of abscisic acid signaling by inducing ARF-mediated ABI3 activation in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:15485-90. [PMID: 23986496 PMCID: PMC3780901 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1304651110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The transition from dormancy to germination in seeds is a key physiological process during the lifecycle of plants. Abscisic acid (ABA) is the sole plant hormone known to maintain seed dormancy; it acts through a gene expression network involving the transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3). However, whether other phytohormone pathways function in the maintenance of seed dormancy in response to environmental and internal signals remains an important question. Here, we show that the plant growth hormone auxin, which acts as a versatile trigger in many developmental processes, also plays a critical role in seed dormancy in Arabidopsis. We show that disruptions in auxin signaling in MIR160-overexpressing plants, auxin receptor mutants, or auxin biosynthesis mutants dramatically release seed dormancy, whereas increases in auxin signaling or biosynthesis greatly enhance seed dormancy. Auxin action in seed dormancy requires the ABA signaling pathway (and vice versa), indicating that the roles of auxin and ABA in seed dormancy are interdependent. Furthermore, we show that auxin acts upstream of the major regulator of seed dormancy, ABI3, by recruiting the auxin response factors AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 10 and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 16 to control the expression of ABI3 during seed germination. Our study, thus, uncovers a previously unrecognized regulatory factor of seed dormancy and a coordinating network of auxin and ABA signaling in this important process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology and
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology and
| | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhengyan Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology and
| | - Qun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology and
| | - Hong-Quan Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; and
| | - Jianming Li
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1048
| | - Zu-Hua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology and
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Atif RM, Boulisset F, Conreux C, Thompson R, Ochatt SJ. In vitro auxin treatment promotes cell division and delays endoreduplication in developing seeds of the model legume species Medicago truncatula. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2013; 148:549-559. [PMID: 23163902 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01719.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of auxins in the morphogenesis of immature seeds of Medicago truncatula was studied, focusing on the transition from the embryo cell division phase to seed maturation. We analyzed seed development in vitro, by flow cytometry, and through the determination of the kinetics of seed fresh weight and size. Thus, seeds were harvested at 8, 10 and 12 days after pollination and cultured in vitro on a medium either without auxin or supplemented with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 1 mg l(-1). All parameters studied were determined every 2 days from the start of in vitro culture. The results showed that both auxins increased the weight and size of seeds with NAA having a stronger effect than IBA. We further demonstrated that the auxin treatments modulate the transition between mitotic cycles and endocycles in M. truncatula developing seed by favoring sustained cell divisions while simultaneously prolonging endoreduplication, which is known to be the cytogenetical imprint of the transition from the cell division phase to the storage protein accumulation phase during seed development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rana M Atif
- INRA CR de Dijon, UMR1347 Agroécologie, BP 86510, F-21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nakashima K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. ABA signaling in stress-response and seed development. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2013; 32:959-70. [PMID: 23535869 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE : We review the recent progress on ABA signaling, especially ABA signaling for ABA-dependent gene expression, including the AREB/ABF regulon, SnRK2 protein kinase, 2C-type protein phosphatases and ABA receptors. Drought negatively impacts plant growth and the productivity of crops. Drought causes osmotic stress to organisms, and the osmotic stress causes dehydration in plant cells. Abscisic acid (ABA) is produced under osmotic stress conditions, and it plays an important role in the stress response and tolerance of plants. ABA regulates many genes under osmotic stress conditions. It also regulates gene expression during seed development and germination. The ABA-responsive element (ABRE) is the major cis-element for ABA-responsive gene expression. ABRE-binding protein (AREB)/ABRE-binding factor (ABF) transcription factors (TFs) regulate ABRE-dependent gene expression. Other TFs are also involved in ABA-responsive gene expression. SNF1-related protein kinases 2 are the key regulators of ABA signaling including the AREB/ABF regulon. Recently, ABA receptors and group A 2C-type protein phosphatases were shown to govern the ABA signaling pathway. Moreover, recent studies have suggested that there are interactions between the major ABA signaling pathway and other signaling factors in stress-response and seed development. The control of the expression of ABA signaling factors may improve tolerance to environmental stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Nakashima
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences JIRCAS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sundaram S, Kertbundit S, Shakirov EV, Iyer LM, Juříček M, Hall TC. Gene networks and chromatin and transcriptional regulation of the phaseolin promoter in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:2601-17. [PMID: 23872538 PMCID: PMC3753386 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.112714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The complete lack of seed storage protein expression in vegetative tissues and robust expression during embryogenesis makes seed development an ideal system to study tissue-specific expression of genes. The promoter for the Phaseolin (phas) gene, which encodes the major seed storage protein in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), is activated in two sequential steps: Phaseolus vulgaris ABI3-like factor (Pv-ALF)-dependent potentiation and abscisic acid-mediated activation. In this study, a heterologous in vivo Pv-ALF/phas-GUS (for β-glucuronidase) expression system in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana leaves was used in conjunction with the powerful RNA-Seq approach to capture transcriptional landscapes of phas promoter expression. Remarkably, expression of over 1300 genes from 11 functional categories coincided with changes in the transcriptional status of the phas promoter. Gene network analysis of induced genes and artificial microRNA-mediated loss-of-function genetic assays identified transcriptional regulators RINGLET 2 (RLT2) and AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE 5 (AIL5) as being essential for phas transcription. Pv-ALF binding to the RLT2 and AIL5 promoter regions was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RLT2 and AIL5 knockdown lines displayed reduced expression of several endogenous seed genes, suggesting that these factors are involved in activation of endogenous Arabidopsis seed storage gene expression. Overall, the identification of these key factors involved in phas activation provides important insight into the two-step transcriptional regulation of seed-specific gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabarinath Sundaram
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3155
| | - Sunee Kertbundit
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3155
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eugene V. Shakirov
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3155
| | - Lakshminarayan M. Iyer
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894
| | - Miloslav Juříček
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Timothy C. Hall
- Institute of Developmental and Molecular Biology and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3155
- Address correspondence to
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tezuka K, Taji T, Hayashi T, Sakata Y. A novel abi5 allele reveals the importance of the conserved Ala in the C3 domain for regulation of downstream genes and salt tolerance during germination in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e23455. [PMID: 23299338 PMCID: PMC3676515 DOI: 10.4161/psb.23455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 12/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction during Arabidopsis seed development and germination requires a Group A bZIP transcription factor encoded by ABA INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5). In addition to the basic leucine zipper DNA binding domain, Group A bZIPs are characterized by three N-terminal conserved regions (C1, C2 and C3) and one C-terminal conserved region (C4). These conserved regions are considered to play roles in ABI5 functions; however, except for the phosphorylation site, the importance of the highly conserved amino acids is unclear. Here, we report a novel abi5 recessive allele (abi5-9) that encodes an intact ABI5 protein with one amino acid substitution (A214G) in the C3 domain. The abi5-9 plants showed ABA insensitivity during germination and could germinate on medium containing 175 mM NaCl or 500 mM mannitol. Em1 and Em6--both encoding late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins and directly targeted by ABI5 regulation--were expressed at very low levels in abi5-9 plants compared with the wild type. In yeast, the abi5-9 protein exhibited greatly reduced interaction with ABI3 compared with ABI5. These data suggest that Ala214 in ABI5 contributes to the function of ABI5 via its interaction with ABI3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tezuka
- Department of BioScience; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry; Faculty of Applied Biosciences; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruaki Taji
- Department of BioScience; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry; Faculty of Applied Biosciences; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hayashi
- Department of BioScience; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry; Faculty of Applied Biosciences; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of BioScience; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemistry; Faculty of Applied Biosciences; Tokyo University of Agriculture; Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Lv H, Qu G, Qi X, Lu L, Tian C, Ma Y. Transcriptome analysis of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during the process of lipid accumulation. Genomics 2013; 101:229-37. [PMID: 23396177 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Algae are potential candidates for biodiesel production; thus, it is important to gain insight into the molecular mechanism of their lipid metabolism. Time-course transcriptome analyses were carried out during the lipid biosynthesis and accumulation processes of the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using the Illumina RNA-seq platform. Transcriptome results indicated that over 2500 genes are upregulated or during lipid accumulation compared to log phase growth. As a proof of principle, two of the enzymes required for lipid metabolism that were significantly up-regulated during lipid accumulation, Lyso-Phosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase (LPAAT), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DAGAT) were knocked down using artificial microRNAs. Neutral lipid production decreased in strains knocked down in expression of the lpaat and dagat genes. In addition, forty-one transcription factors were up- or down-regulated during the lipid accumulation process. This transcriptome data will be useful for engineering economic algae species aimed at biodiesel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hexin Lv
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the "classical" plant hormones, i.e. discovered at least 50 years ago, that regulates many aspects of plant growth and development. This chapter reviews our current understanding of ABA synthesis, metabolism, transport, and signal transduction, emphasizing knowledge gained from studies of Arabidopsis. A combination of genetic, molecular and biochemical studies has identified nearly all of the enzymes involved in ABA metabolism, almost 200 loci regulating ABA response, and thousands of genes regulated by ABA in various contexts. Some of these regulators are implicated in cross-talk with other developmental, environmental or hormonal signals. Specific details of the ABA signaling mechanisms vary among tissues or developmental stages; these are discussed in the context of ABA effects on seed maturation, germination, seedling growth, vegetative stress responses, stomatal regulation, pathogen response, flowering, and senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Finkelstein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Address
- correspondence to e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Junker A, Bäumlein H. Multifunctionality of the LEC1 transcription factor during plant development. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2012; 7:1718-20. [PMID: 23073004 PMCID: PMC3578918 DOI: 10.4161/psb.22365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
LEC1 acts as a key regulator of embryogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana, but is involved in a wide range of functions, all the way from embryo morphogenesis to seed maturation. New data show that LEC1, partially in conjunction with abscisic acid, affects auxin synthesis, and both brassinosteroid and light signaling. The phenotype of LEC1 overexpressors confirms LEC1's known participation in the regulation of somatic embryogenesis, but also indicates additional roles in embryonic and extra-embryonic cell elongation. Here we present an integrated model of LEC1 function and suggest potential directions to be taken in future research in this important area of plant science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Junker
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Junker A, Mönke G, Rutten T, Keilwagen J, Seifert M, Thi TMN, Renou JP, Balzergue S, Viehöver P, Hähnel U, Ludwig-Müller J, Altschmied L, Conrad U, Weisshaar B, Bäumlein H. Elongation-related functions of LEAFY COTYLEDON1 during the development of Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 71:427-42. [PMID: 22429691 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.04999.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) controls aspects of early embryogenesis and seed maturation in Arabidopsis thaliana. To identify components of the LEC1 regulon, transgenic plants were derived in which LEC1 expression was inducible by dexamethasone treatment. The cotyledon-like leaves and swollen root tips developed by these plants contained seed-storage compounds and resemble the phenotypes produced by increased auxin levels. In agreement with this, LEC1 was found to mediate up-regulation of the auxin synthesis gene YUCCA10. Auxin accumulated primarily in the elongation zone at the root-hypocotyl junction (collet). This accumulation correlates with hypocotyl growth, which is either inhibited in LEC1-induced embryonic seedlings or stimulated in the LEC1-induced long-hypocotyl phenotype, therefore resembling etiolated seedlings. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed a number of phytohormone- and elongation-related genes among the putative LEC1 target genes. LEC1 appears to be an integrator of various regulatory events, involving the transcription factor itself as well as light and hormone signalling, especially during somatic and early zygotic embryogenesis. Furthermore, the data suggest non-embryonic functions for LEC1 during post-germinative etiolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Junker
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstraße 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Auxin and ABA act as central regulators of developmental networks associated with paradormancy in Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). Funct Integr Genomics 2012; 12:515-31. [PMID: 22580957 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-012-0280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Dormancy in underground vegetative buds of Canada thistle, an herbaceous perennial weed, allows escape from current control methods and contributes to its invasive nature. In this study, ~65 % of root sections obtained from greenhouse propagated Canada thistle produced new vegetative shoots by 14 days post-sectioning. RNA samples obtained from sectioned roots incubated 0, 24, 48, and 72 h at 25°C under 16:8 h light-dark conditions were used to construct four MID-tagged cDNA libraries. Analysis of in silico data obtained using Roche 454 GS-FLX pyrosequencing technologies identified molecular networks associated with paradormancy release in underground vegetative buds of Canada thistle. Sequencing of two replicate plates produced ~2.5 million ESTs with an average read length of 362 bases. These ESTs assembled into 67358 unique sequences (21777 contigs and 45581 singlets) and annotation against the Arabidopsis database identified 15232 unigenes. Among the 15232 unigenes, we identified processes enriched with transcripts involved in plant hormone signaling networks. To follow-up on these results, we examined hormone profiles in roots, which identified changes in abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA metabolites, auxins, and cytokinins post-sectioning. Transcriptome and hormone profiling data suggest that interaction between auxin- and ABA-signaling regulate paradormancy maintenance and release in underground adventitious buds of Canada thistle. Our proposed model shows that sectioning-induced changes in polar auxin transport alters ABA metabolism and signaling, which further impacts gibberellic acid signaling involving interactions between ABA and FUSCA3. Here we report that reduced auxin and ABA-signaling, in conjunction with increased cytokinin biosynthesis post-sectioning supports a model where interactions among hormones drives molecular networks leading to cell division, differentiation, and vegetative outgrowth.
Collapse
|
44
|
Wu C, Feng J, Wang R, Liu H, Yang H, Rodriguez PL, Qin H, Liu X, Wang D. HRS1 acts as a negative regulator of abscisic acid signaling to promote timely germination of Arabidopsis seeds. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35764. [PMID: 22545134 PMCID: PMC3335793 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we conducted functional analysis of Arabidopsis HRS1 gene in order to provide new insights into the mechanisms governing seed germination. Compared with wild type (WT) control, HRS1 knockout mutant (hrs1-1) exhibited significant germination delays on either normal medium or those supplemented with abscisic acid (ABA) or sodium chloride (NaCl), with the magnitude of the delay being substantially larger on the latter media. The hypersensitivity of hrs1-1 germination to ABA and NaCl required ABI3, ABI4 and ABI5, and was aggravated in the double mutant hrs1-1abi1-2 and triple mutant hrs1-1hab1-1abi1-2, indicating that HRS1 acts as a negative regulator of ABA signaling during seed germination. Consistent with this notion, HRS1 expression was found in the embryo axis, and was regulated both temporally and spatially, during seed germination. Further analysis showed that the delay of hrs1-1 germination under normal conditions was associated with reduction in the elongation of the cells located in the lower hypocotyl (LH) and transition zone (TZ) of embryo axis. Interestingly, the germination rate of hrs1-1 was more severely reduced by the inhibitor of cell elongation, and more significantly decreased by the suppressors of plasmalemma H(+)-ATPase activity, than that of WT control. The plasmalemma H(+)-ATPase activity in the germinating seeds of hrs1-1 was substantially lower than that exhibited by WT control, and fusicoccin, an activator of this pump, corrected the transient germination delay of hrs1-1. Together, our data suggest that HRS1 may be needed for suppressing ABA signaling in germinating embryo axis, which promotes the timely germination of Arabidopsis seeds probably by facilitating the proper function of plasmalemma H(+)-ATPase and the efficient elongation of LH and TZ cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongming Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juanjuan Feng
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huixia Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pedro L. Rodriguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valencia, Spain
| | - Huanju Qin
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Roy S, Choudhury SR, Singh SK, Das KP. Functional analysis of light-regulated promoter region of AtPolλ gene. PLANTA 2012; 235:411-32. [PMID: 21947619 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-011-1517-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and molecular analyses mainly in Arabidopsis and in some other plants have demonstrated involvement of light signaling in cell cycle regulation. In this report, we show light-mediated activation of the promoter of AtPolλ gene, a homolog of mammalian DNA polymerase λ in Arabidopsis thaliana and an important component of DNA damage repair/recombination machinery in plants. Analyses of the light-mediated promoter activity using various deletion versions of AtPolλ promoter in transformed Arabidopsis and tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum) plants indicate that a 130-bp promoter region between -536 and -408 of AtPolλ promoter is essential for light-induced regulation of AtPolλ expression. DNA-protein interaction studies reveal that an ATCT-motif and AE-box light-responsive elements in the light-regulated promoter region confer light responsiveness of AtPolλ promoter. DNA-binding analysis has identified a 63-kDa trans-acting protein factor which showed specific binding to ATCT-motif, while another trans-acting factor of ~52 kDa was found to bind specifically to both ATCT and AE-box sequences. The 52-kDa protein has been identified as B3-domain transcription factor by MALDI-TOF/MS analysis. Overall, our results provide novel information on the role of light signaling in regulation of expression of an important component of DNA repair machinery in plants.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Arabidopsis/enzymology
- Arabidopsis/genetics
- Arabidopsis/growth & development
- Arabidopsis/radiation effects
- Arabidopsis Proteins/genetics
- Arabidopsis Proteins/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- Computational Biology
- Cotyledon/genetics
- Cotyledon/metabolism
- DNA Polymerase beta/genetics
- DNA Polymerase beta/metabolism
- DNA Repair
- DNA, Plant/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Genes, Plant
- Genes, Reporter
- Light
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleotide Motifs
- Plant Extracts/genetics
- Plant Extracts/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/enzymology
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/growth & development
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
- Nicotiana/genetics
- Nicotiana/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Bose Institute, 93/1, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata, 700 009 West Bengal, India.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Growth, seed development and genetic analysis in wild type and Def mutant of Pisum sativum L. BMC Res Notes 2011; 4:489. [PMID: 22078070 PMCID: PMC3231984 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The def mutant pea (Pisum sativum L) showed non-abscission of seeds from the funicule. Here we present data on seed development and growth pattern and their relationship in predicting this particular trait in wild type and mutant lines as well as the inheritance pattern of the def allele in F2 and F3 populations. Findings Pod length and seed fresh weight increase with fruit maturity and this may affect the abscission event in pea seeds. However, the seed position in either the distal and proximal ends of the pod did not show any difference. The growth factors of seed fresh weight (FW), width of funicles (WFN), seed width (SW) and seed height (SH) were highly correlated and their relationships were determined in both wild type and def mutant peas. The coefficient of determination R2 values for the relationship between WFN and FW, SW and SH and their various interactions were higher for the def dwarf type. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that variation of WFN was associated with SH and SW. Pearson's chi square analysis revealed that the inheritance and segregation of the Def locus in 3:1 ratio was significant in two F2 populations. Structural analysis of the F3 population was used to confirm the inheritance status of the Def locus in F2 heterozygote plants. Conclusions This study investigated the inheritance of the presence or absence of the Def allele, controlling the presence of an abscission zone (AZ) or an abscission-less zone (ALZ) forming in wild type and mutant lines respectively. The single major gene (Def) controlling this phenotype was monogenic and def mutants were characterized and controlled by the homozygous recessive def allele that showed no palisade layers in the hilum region of the seed coat.
Collapse
|
47
|
Peng FY, Weselake RJ. Gene coexpression clusters and putative regulatory elements underlying seed storage reserve accumulation in Arabidopsis. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:286. [PMID: 21635767 PMCID: PMC3126783 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Arabidopsis, a large number of genes involved in the accumulation of seed storage reserves during seed development have been characterized, but the relationship of gene expression and regulation underlying this physiological process remains poorly understood. A more holistic view of this molecular interplay will help in the further study of the regulatory mechanisms controlling seed storage compound accumulation. Results We identified gene coexpression networks in the transcriptome of developing Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds from the globular to mature embryo stages by analyzing publicly accessible microarray datasets. Genes encoding the known enzymes in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway were found in one coexpression subnetwork (or cluster), while genes encoding oleosins and seed storage proteins were identified in another subnetwork with a distinct expression profile. In the triacylglycerol assembly pathway, only the genes encoding diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and a putative cytosolic "type 3" DGAT exhibited a similar expression pattern with genes encoding oleosins. We also detected a large number of putative cis-acting regulatory elements in the promoter regions of these genes, and promoter motifs for LEC1 (LEAFY COTYLEDON 1), DOF (DNA-binding-with-One-Finger), GATA, and MYB transcription factors (TF), as well as SORLIP5 (Sequences Over-Represented in Light-Induced Promoters 5), are overrepresented in the promoter regions of fatty acid biosynthetic genes. The conserved CCAAT motifs for B3-domain TFs and binding sites for bZIP (basic-leucine zipper) TFs are enriched in the promoters of genes encoding oleosins and seed storage proteins. Conclusions Genes involved in the accumulation of seed storage reserves are expressed in distinct patterns and regulated by different TFs. The gene coexpression clusters and putative regulatory elements presented here provide a useful resource for further experimental characterization of protein interactions and regulatory networks in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fred Y Peng
- Agricultural Lipid Biotechnology Program, Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yang Y, Yu X, Song L, An C. ABI4 activates DGAT1 expression in Arabidopsis seedlings during nitrogen deficiency. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:873-83. [PMID: 21515696 PMCID: PMC3177282 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.175950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is the major seed storage lipid and is important for biofuel and other renewable chemical uses. Acyl-coenzyme A:diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (DGAT1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the TAG biosynthesis pathway, but the mechanism of its regulation is unknown. Here, we show that TAG accumulation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings increased significantly during nitrogen deprivation (0.1 mm nitrogen) with concomitant induction of genes involved in TAG biosynthesis and accumulation, such as DGAT1 and OLEOSIN1. Nitrogen-deficient seedlings were used to determine the key factors contributing to ectopic TAG accumulation in vegetative tissues. Under low-nitrogen conditions, the phytohormone abscisic acid plays a crucial role in promoting TAG accumulation in Arabidopsis seedlings. Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4), an important transcriptional factor in the abscisic acid signaling pathway, bound directly to the CE1-like elements (CACCG) present in DGAT1 promoters. Genetic studies also revealed that TAG accumulation and DGAT1 expression were reduced in the abi4 mutant. Taken together, our results indicate that abscisic acid signaling is part of the regulatory machinery governing TAG ectopic accumulation and that ABI4 is essential for the activation of DGAT1 in Arabidopsis seedlings during nitrogen deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chengcai An
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Schmidt MA, Barbazuk WB, Sandford M, May G, Song Z, Zhou W, Nikolau BJ, Herman EM. Silencing of soybean seed storage proteins results in a rebalanced protein composition preserving seed protein content without major collateral changes in the metabolome and transcriptome. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:330-45. [PMID: 21398260 PMCID: PMC3091051 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.173807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The ontogeny of seed structure and the accumulation of seed storage substances is the result of a determinant genetic program. Using RNA interference, the synthesis of soybean (Glycine max) glycinin and conglycinin storage proteins has been suppressed. The storage protein knockdown (SP-) seeds are overtly identical to the wild type, maturing to similar size and weight, and in developmental ontogeny. The SP- seeds rebalance the proteome, maintaining wild-type levels of protein and storage triglycerides. The SP- soybeans were evaluated with systems biology techniques of proteomics, metabolomics, and transcriptomics using both microarray and next-generation sequencing transcript sequencing (RNA-Seq). Proteomic analysis shows that rebalancing of protein content largely results from the selective increase in the accumulation of only a few proteins. The rebalancing of protein composition occurs with small alterations to the seed's transcriptome and metabolome. The selectivity of the rebalancing was further tested by introgressing into the SP- line a green fluorescent protein (GFP) glycinin allele mimic and quantifying the resulting accumulation of GFP. The GFP accumulation was similar to the parental GFP-expressing line, showing that the GFP glycinin gene mimic does not participate in proteome rebalancing. The results show that soybeans make large adjustments to the proteome during seed filling and compensate for the shortage of major proteins with the increased selective accumulation of other proteins that maintains a normal protein content.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eliot M. Herman
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132 (M.A.S., E.M.H.); Department of Biology (W.B.B., M.S.) and the Genetics Institute (W.B.B.), University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611; National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 (G.M.); Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics, and Molecular Biology (Z.S., W.Z., B.J.N.) and W.M. Keck Metabolomics Research Laboratory (B.J.N.), Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Willmann MR, Mehalick AJ, Packer RL, Jenik PD. MicroRNAs regulate the timing of embryo maturation in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 155:1871-84. [PMID: 21330492 PMCID: PMC3091098 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.171355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The seed is a key evolutionary adaptation of land plants that facilitates dispersal and allows for germination when the environmental conditions are adequate. Mature seeds are dormant and desiccated, with accumulated storage products that are to be used by the seedling after germination. These properties are imposed on the developing embryo by a maturation program, which operates during the later part of embryogenesis. A number of "master regulators" (the "LEC genes") required for the induction of the maturation program have been described, but it is not known what prevents this program from being expressed during early embryogenesis. Here, we report that Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) embryos mutant for strong alleles of DICER-LIKE1, the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of microRNAs (miRNAs), mature earlier than their wild-type counterparts. This heterochronic phenotype indicates that miRNAs are key regulators of the timing of the maturation program. We demonstrate that miRNAs operate in part by repressing the master regulators LEAFY COTYLEDON2 and FUSCA3 and identify the trihelix transcription factors ARABIDOPSIS 6B-INTERACTING PROTEIN1-LIKE1 (ASIL1) and ASIL2 and the histone deacetylase HDA6/SIL1 as components that act downstream of miRNAs to repress the maturation program early in embryogenesis. Both ASIL1 and HDA6/SIL1 are known to act to prevent the expression of embryonic maturation genes after germination, but to our knowledge, this is the first time they have been shown to have a role during embryogenesis. Our data point to a common negative regulatory module of maturation during early embryogenesis and seedling development.
Collapse
|