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Tian M, Zhao Y, Jiang Y, Jiang X, Gai Y. LkERF6 enhances drought and salt tolerance in transgenic tobacco by regulating ROS homeostasis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 216:109098. [PMID: 39260261 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
The transcription factor Ethylene Responsive Factor (ERF) is crucial for responding to various environmental stressors. Proteins containing the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) motif often inhibit gene expression. However, the functions of LkERF, an EAR motif-containing protein from Larix kaempferi, especially in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis, are not well understood. In the present research, we introduce a novel transcription factor, LkERF6, which contains an EAR motif and positively regulates gene expression, thereby enhancing drought and salt tolerance in tobacco. LkERF6 is classified within the ERF-B1 subfamily due to its conserved AP2/ERF domain and EAR motif. Subcellular localization assays demonstrated LkERF6 is primarily localized in the nucleus. Further analysis revealed that LkERF6 interacts with GCC and DRE elements and is significantly induced by NaCl and PEG6000. Moreover, LkERF6 transgenic tobacco plants exhibit lower ROS accumulation and higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activities. Additionally, correlation analysis identified a strong association between LkERF6 and three genes: LkSOD, LkCCS, and LkCAT. Y1H, EMAS, and DLR assays confirmed that LkERF6 directly interacts with the promoters of these genes through GCC-box and DRE-box to activate their expression. These findings shed new light on the function of EAR motif-containing transcription factors and highlight LkERF6's crucial role in enhancing abiotic stress resistance by activating multiple ROS clearance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yibo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiangning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Ying Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Xu E, Liu Y, Gu D, Zhan X, Li J, Zhou K, Zhang P, Zou Y. Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Responses to Copper: From Deficiency to Excess. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6993. [PMID: 39000099 PMCID: PMC11240974 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. This metal serves as a constituent element or enzyme cofactor that participates in many biochemical pathways and plays a key role in photosynthesis, respiration, ethylene sensing, and antioxidant systems. The physiological significance of Cu uptake and compartmentalization in plants has been underestimated, despite the importance of Cu in cellular metabolic processes. As a micronutrient, Cu has low cellular requirements in plants. However, its bioavailability may be significantly reduced in alkaline or organic matter-rich soils. Cu deficiency is a severe and widespread nutritional disorder that affects plants. In contrast, excessive levels of available Cu in soil can inhibit plant photosynthesis and induce cellular oxidative stress. This can affect plant productivity and potentially pose serious health risks to humans via bioaccumulation in the food chain. Plants have evolved mechanisms to strictly regulate Cu uptake, transport, and cellular homeostasis during long-term environmental adaptation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse functions of Cu chelators, chaperones, and transporters involved in Cu homeostasis and their regulatory mechanisms in plant responses to varying Cu availability conditions. Finally, we identified that future research needs to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms regulating Cu deficiency or stress in plants. This will pave the way for improving the Cu utilization efficiency and/or Cu tolerance of crops grown in alkaline or Cu-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ending Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Rice Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Improvement, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dongfang Gu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Rice Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Improvement, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xinchun Zhan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Rice Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Improvement, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Institute of Horticultural Research, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Kunneng Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Rice Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Improvement, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Peijiang Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Rice Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Improvement, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Rice Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Improvement, Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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3
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Hou R, Wang Z, Zhu Q, Wang J, Zhou Y, Li Y, Liu H, Zhao Q, Huang J. Identification and characterization of the critical genes encoding Cd-induced enhancement of SOD isozymes activities in Zhe-Maidong ( Ophiopogon japonicus). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1355849. [PMID: 38606075 PMCID: PMC11007131 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1355849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects plants from abiotic stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage. Here, the effects of cadmium (Cd) exposure on ROS accumulation and SOD isozymes, as well as the identification of significant SOD isozyme genes, were investigated under different Cd stress treatments to Zhe-Maidong (Ophiopogon japonicus). The exposure to Cd stress resulted in a notable elevation in the SOD activity in roots. Cu/ZnSODa and Cu/ZnSODb were the most critical SOD isozymes in response to Cd stress, as indicated by the detection results for SOD isozymes. A total of 22 OjSOD genes were identified and classified into three subgroups, including 10 OjCu/ZnSODs, 6 OjMnSODs, and 6 OjFeSODs, based on the analysis of conserved motif and phylogenetic tree. Cu/ZnSOD-15, Cu/ZnSOD-18, Cu/ZnSOD-20, and Cu/ZnSOD-22 were the main genes that control the increase in SOD activity under Cd stress, as revealed via quantitative PCR and transcriptome analysis. Additionally, under various heavy metal stress (Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Mn2+), Cu/ZnSOD-15, Cu/ZnSOD-18, and Cu/ZnSOD-22 gene expression were significantly upregulated, indicating that these three genes play a critical part in resisting heavy metal stress. The molecular docking experiments performed on the interaction between oxygen ion (O2•-) and OjSOD protein have revealed that the critical amino acid residues involved in the binding of Cu/ZnSOD-22 to the substrate were Pro135, Ile136, Ile140, and Arg144. Our findings provide a solid foundation for additional functional investigations on the OjSOD genes, as well as suggestions for improving genetic breeding and agricultural management strategies to increase Cd resistance in O. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Hou
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Li
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Springer C, Humayun D, Skouta R. Cuproptosis: Unraveling the Mechanisms of Copper-Induced Cell Death and Its Implication in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:647. [PMID: 38339398 PMCID: PMC10854864 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper, an essential element for various biological processes, demands precise regulation to avert detrimental health effects and potential cell toxicity. This paper explores the mechanisms of copper-induced cell death, known as cuproptosis, and its potential health and disease implications, including cancer therapy. Copper ionophores, such as elesclomol and disulfiram, increase intracellular copper levels. This elevation triggers oxidative stress and subsequent cell death, offering potential implications in cancer therapy. Additionally, copper ionophores disrupt mitochondrial respiration and protein lipoylation, further contributing to copper toxicity and cell death. Potential targets and biomarkers are identified, as copper can be targeted to those proteins to trigger cuproptosis. The role of copper in different cancers is discussed to understand targeted cancer therapies using copper nanomaterials, copper ionophores, and copper chelators. Furthermore, the role of copper is explored through diseases such as Wilson and Menkes disease to understand the physiological mechanisms of copper. Exploring cuproptosis presents an opportunity to improve treatments for copper-related disorders and various cancers, with the potential to bring significant advancements to modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Springer
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Danish Humayun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Rachid Skouta
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
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Navarro-Gómez C, León-Mediavilla J, Küpper H, Rodríguez-Simón M, Paganelli-López A, Wen J, Burén S, Mysore KS, Bokhari SNH, Imperial J, Escudero V, González-Guerrero M. Nodule-specific Cu + -chaperone NCC1 is required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Medicago truncatula root nodules. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:793-810. [PMID: 37915139 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Cu+ -chaperones are a diverse group of proteins that allocate Cu+ ions to specific copper proteins, creating different copper pools targeted to specific physiological processes. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation carried out in legume root nodules indirectly requires relatively large amounts of copper, for example for energy delivery via respiration, for which targeted copper deliver systems would be required. MtNCC1 is a nodule-specific Cu+ -chaperone encoded in the Medicago truncatula genome, with a N-terminus Atx1-like domain that can bind Cu+ with picomolar affinities. MtNCC1 is able to interact with nodule-specific Cu+ -importer MtCOPT1. MtNCC1 is expressed primarily from the late infection zone to the early fixation zone and is located in the cytosol, associated with plasma and symbiosome membranes, and within nuclei. Consistent with its key role in nitrogen fixation, ncc1 mutants have a severe reduction in nitrogenase activity and a 50% reduction in copper-dependent cytochrome c oxidase activity. A subset of the copper proteome is also affected in the ncc1 mutant nodules. Many of these proteins can be pulled down when using a Cu+ -loaded N-terminal MtNCC1 moiety as a bait, indicating a role in nodule copper homeostasis and in copper-dependent physiological processes. Overall, these data suggest a pleiotropic role of MtNCC1 in copper delivery for symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Navarro-Gómez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Javier León-Mediavilla
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Hendrik Küpper
- Laboratory of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, 37005, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Rodríguez-Simón
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Alba Paganelli-López
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Stefan Burén
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Syed Nadeem Hussain Bokhari
- Laboratory of Plant Biophysics and Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Juan Imperial
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Viviana Escudero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
| | - Manuel González-Guerrero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, 28223, Spain
- Department of Biotechnology-Plant Biology, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agraria, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
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Shen C, Fu H, Huang B, Liao Q, Huang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xin J. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of boron in alleviating cadmium toxicity in Capsicum annuum. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166264. [PMID: 37579800 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil cadmium (Cd) contamination threatens food safety and human health, particularly in developing countries. Previously, we have proposed that boron (B) could reduce Cd uptake and accumulation in hot peppers (Capsicum annuum) by regulating the expression of genes related to Cd transport in roots. However, only few studies have examined the role of B in plant leaves under Cd stress. It is unclear how B induces the expression of relevant genes and metabolites in hot pepper leaves and to what extent B is involved in leaf growth and Cd accumulation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of B on growth and Cd accumulation in hot pepper leaves by determining physiological parameters and transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that B application significantly improved the concentration of chlorophyll a and intercellular CO2, stomatal conductance, and photosynthetic and transpiration rates by 18-41 % in Cd-stressed plants. Moreover, B enhanced Cd retention in the cell wall by upregulating the expression levels of pectin-, lignin-, and callose-related genes and improving the activity of pectin methylesterase by 30 %, resulting in an approximate 31 % increase in Cd retention in the cell wall. Furthermore, B application not only enhanced the expression levels of genes related to antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase) and their activities by 28-40 %, thereby counteracting Cd-induced oxidative stress, but also improved Cd chelation, sequestration, and exclusion by upregulating the expression levels of genes related to sulfur metabolism, heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant protein (HIPP), and transporters such as vacuolar cation/proton exchanger (CAX3), metal-nicotianamine transporter (YSL), ATP-binding cassette (ABC), zinc/iron transporters (ZIP) and oxic-compound detoxification (DTX), ultimately reinforcing Cd tolerance. Together, our results suggest that B application reduces the negative effects of Cd on leaf growth, promotes photosynthesis, and decreases Cd transfer to fruits through its sequestration and retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Shen
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Huiling Fu
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Baifei Huang
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Qiong Liao
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Junliang Xin
- Research Center for Environmental Pollution Control Technology, School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China.
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Xia Y, Wang WX. Bioimaging tools reveal copper processing in fish cells by mitophagy. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023:106633. [PMID: 37451870 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
As an essential trace metal, copper (Cu) regulation, distribution and detoxification among different cellular organelles remain much unknown. In the current study, bioimaging tool was used in visualizing the locations of Cu among different organelles in fish fin cells isolated from rabbitfish Siganus fuscescens. Exposure concentration of Cu directly affected the Cu bioaccumulation and toxicity. When the exposure dosage of Cu reached 100 µM, it began to damage the cells and affect the cell viability after 10 min of exposure. Remarkably, while various Cu concentrations (50∼150 µM) initially reduced the cell viability, they did not lead to a further loss in viability over extended exposure period. Upon entry to the cells, Cu was mainly targeted to the mitochondria whose number, size and network responded immediately to the incoming Cu. However, Cu toxicity did not increase time-dependently, strongly indicating that these mitochondria damaged by Cu could be removed and its cytotoxicity could be relieved. Bioimaging results showed that lysosomes interacted with the mitochondria, which were subsequently digested within a few minutes. Meanwhile the lysosomal number increased, and the size and pH of lysosomes decreased. These reactions were in line with the observed mitophagy, suggesting that mitochondrial Cu could be detoxified, and the damaged mitochondria were removed by lysosome via mitophagy. By further purifying the cellular organelles, the mitochondrial and lysosomal Cu amounts were quantified and found to be in line with the imaging results. The present study suggested that excessive mitochondrial Cu could be removed via mitophagy to relieve the Cu toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiteng Xia
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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Santillán-Sarmiento A, Pazzaglia J, Ruocco M, Dattolo E, Ambrosino L, Winters G, Marin-Guirao L, Procaccini G. Gene co-expression network analysis for the selection of candidate early warning indicators of heat and nutrient stress in Posidonia oceanica. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162517. [PMID: 36868282 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The continuous worldwide seagrasses decline calls for immediate actions in order to preserve this precious marine ecosystem. The main stressors that have been linked with decline in seagrasses are 1) the increasing ocean temperature due to climate change and 2) the continuous inputs of nutrients (eutrophication) associated with coastal human activities. To avoid the loss of seagrass populations, an "early warning" system is needed. We used Weighed Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), a systems biology approach, to identify potential candidate genes that can provide an early warning signal of stress in the Mediterranean iconic seagrass Posidonia oceanica, anticipating plant mortality. Plants were collected from both eutrophic (EU) and oligotrophic (OL) environments and were exposed to thermal and nutrient stress in a dedicated mesocosm. By correlating the whole-genome gene expression after 2-weeks exposure with the shoot survival percentage after 5-weeks exposure to stressors, we were able to identify several transcripts that indicated an early activation of several biological processes (BP) including: protein metabolic process, RNA metabolic process, organonitrogen compound biosynthetic process, catabolic process and response to stimulus, which were shared among OL and EU plants and among leaf and shoot apical meristem (SAM), in response to excessive heat and nutrients. Our results suggest a more dynamic and specific response of the SAM compared to the leaf, especially the SAM from plants coming from a stressful environment appeared more dynamic than the SAM from a pristine environment. A vast list of potential molecular markers is also provided that can be used as targets to assess field samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Pazzaglia
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Miriam Ruocco
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Dattolo
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Ambrosino
- Research Infrastructure for Marine Biological Resources Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Gidon Winters
- Dead Sea and Arava Science Center (DSASC), Masada National Park, Mount Masada 8698000, Israel.; Eilat Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Hatmarim Blv, Eilat 8855630, Israel
| | - Lázaro Marin-Guirao
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy; Seagrass Ecology Group, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Gabriele Procaccini
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy.
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Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Copper Chaperone for Superoxide Dismutase (CCS) Gene Family in Response to Abiotic Stress in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065154. [PMID: 36982229 PMCID: PMC10048983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper Chaperone For Superoxide Dismutase (CCS) genes encode copper chaperone for Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and dramatically affect the activity of SOD through regulating copper delivery from target to SOD. SOD is the effective component of the antioxidant defense system in plant cells to reduce oxidative damage by eliminating Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are produced during abiotic stress. CCS might play an important role in abiotic stress to eliminate the damage caused by ROS, however, little is known about CCS in soybean in abiotic stress regulation. In this study, 31 GmCCS gene family members were identified from soybean genome. These genes were classified into 4 subfamilies in the phylogenetic tree. Characteristics of 31 GmCCS genes including gene structure, chromosomal location, collinearity, conserved domain, protein motif, cis-elements, and tissue expression profiling were systematically analyzed. RT-qPCR was used to analyze the expression of 31 GmCCS under abiotic stress, and the results showed that 5 GmCCS genes(GmCCS5, GmCCS7, GmCCS8, GmCCS11 and GmCCS24) were significantly induced by some kind of abiotic stress. The functions of these GmCCS genes in abiotic stress were tested using yeast expression system and soybean hairy roots. The results showed that GmCCS7/GmCCS24 participated in drought stress regulation. Soybean hairy roots expressing GmCCS7/GmCCS24 showed improved drought stress tolerance, with increased SOD and other antioxidant enzyme activities. The results of this study provide reference value in-depth study CCS gene family, and important gene resources for the genetic improvement of soybean drought stress tolerance.
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Galati S, DalCorso G, Furini A, Fragni R, Maccari C, Mozzoni P, Giannelli G, Buschini A, Visioli G. DNA methylation is enhanced during Cd hyperaccumulation in Noccaea caerulescens ecotype Ganges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:26178-26190. [PMID: 36352075 PMCID: PMC9995422 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23983-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we assess the DNA damage occurring in response to cadmium (Cd) in the Cd hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens Ganges (GA) vs the non-accumulator and close-relative species Arabidopsis thaliana. At this purpose, the alkaline comet assay was utilized to evaluate the Cd-induced variations in nucleoids and the methy-sens comet assay, and semiquantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR were also performed to associate nucleus variations to possible DNA modifications. Cadmium induced high DNA damages in nuclei of A. thaliana while only a small increase in DNA migration was observed in N. caerulescens GA. In addition, in N. caerulescens GA, CpG DNA methylation increase upon Cd when compared to control condition, along with an increase in the expression of MET1 gene, coding for the DNA-methyltransferase. N. caerulescens GA does not show any oxidative stress under Cd treatment, while A. thaliana Cd-treated plants showed an upregulation of transcripts of the respiratory burst oxidase, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and enhanced superoxide dismutase activity. These data suggest that epigenetic modifications occur in the N. caerulescens GA exposed to Cd to preserve genome integrity, contributing to Cd tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Galati
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Furini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rosaria Fragni
- SSICA, Experimental Station for the Food Preserving Industry, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Maccari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Mozzoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Centre for Research in Toxicology (CERT), University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Annamaria Buschini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Visioli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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11
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Feng X, Abubakar AS, Chen K, Yu C, Zhu A, Chen J, Gao G, Wang X, Mou P, Chen P. Genome-wide analysis of R2R3-MYB transcription factors in Boehmeria nivea (L.) gaudich revealed potential cadmium tolerance and anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Front Genet 2023; 14:1080909. [PMID: 36896232 PMCID: PMC9989182 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1080909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene family, especially MYB as one of the largest transcription factor family in plants, the study of its subfunctional characteristics is a key step in the study of plant gene function. The sequencing of ramie genome provides a good opportunity to study the organization and evolutionary characters of the ramie MYB gene at the whole genome level. In this study, a total of 105 BnGR2R3-MYB genes were identified from ramie genome and subsequently grouped into 35 subfamilies according to phylogeny divergence and sequences similarity. Chromosomal localization, gene structure, synteny analysis, gene duplication, promoter analysis, molecular characteristics and subcellular localization were accomplished using several bioinformatics tools. Collinearity analysis showed that the segmental and tandem duplication events is the dominant form of the gene family expansion, and duplications prominent in distal telomeric regions. Highest syntenic relationship was obtained between BnGR2R3-MYB genes and that of Apocynum venetum (88). Furthermore, transcriptomic data and phylogenetic analysis revealed that BnGMYB60, BnGMYB79/80 and BnGMYB70 might inhibit the biosynthesis of anthocyanins, and UPLC-QTOF-MS data further supported the results. qPCR and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the six genes (BnGMYB9, BnGMYB10, BnGMYB12, BnGMYB28, BnGMYB41, and BnGMYB78) were cadmium stress responsive genes. Especially, the expression of BnGMYB10/12/41 in roots, stems and leaves all increased more than 10-fold after cadmium stress, and in addition they may interact with key genes regulating flavonoid biosynthesis. Thus, a potential link between cadmium stress response and flavonoid synthesis was identified through protein interaction network analysis. The study thus provided significant information into MYB regulatory genes in ramie and may serve as a foundation for genetic enhancement and increased productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkang Feng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Aminu Shehu Abubakar
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China.,Department of Agronomy, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Kunmei Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Chunming Yu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Aiguo Zhu
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jikang Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Gang Gao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Mou
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
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12
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Mhaske A, Sharma S, Shukla R. Nanotheranostic: The futuristic therapy for copper mediated neurological sequelae. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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13
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Melicher P, Dvořák P, Šamaj J, Takáč T. Protein-protein interactions in plant antioxidant defense. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1035573. [PMID: 36589041 PMCID: PMC9795235 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1035573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in plants is ensured by mechanisms preventing their over accumulation, and by diverse antioxidants, including enzymes and nonenzymatic compounds. These are affected by redox conditions, posttranslational modifications, transcriptional and posttranscriptional modifications, Ca2+, nitric oxide (NO) and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. Recent knowledge about protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of antioxidant enzymes advanced during last decade. The best-known examples are interactions mediated by redox buffering proteins such as thioredoxins and glutaredoxins. This review summarizes interactions of major antioxidant enzymes with regulatory and signaling proteins and their diverse functions. Such interactions are important for stability, degradation and activation of interacting partners. Moreover, PPIs of antioxidant enzymes may connect diverse metabolic processes with ROS scavenging. Proteins like receptor for activated C kinase 1 may ensure coordination of antioxidant enzymes to ensure efficient ROS regulation. Nevertheless, PPIs in antioxidant defense are understudied, and intensive research is required to define their role in complex regulation of ROS scavenging.
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14
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Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Plant Responses to Copper Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232112950. [PMID: 36361744 PMCID: PMC9656524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for humans, animals, and plants, and it participates in various morphological, physiological, and biochemical processes. Cu is a cofactor for a variety of enzymes, and it plays an important role in photosynthesis, respiration, the antioxidant system, and signal transduction. Many studies have demonstrated the adverse effects of excess Cu on crop germination, growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant activity. This review summarizes the biological functions of Cu, the toxicity of excess Cu to plant growth and development, the roles of Cu transport proteins and chaperone proteins, and the transport process of Cu in plants, as well as the mechanisms of detoxification and tolerance of Cu in plants. Future research directions are proposed, which provide guidelines for related research.
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15
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MicroRNA398: A Master Regulator of Plant Development and Stress Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810803. [PMID: 36142715 PMCID: PMC9502370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in plant development and stress responses, and a growing number of studies suggest that miRNAs are promising targets for crop improvement because they participate in the regulation of diverse, important agronomic traits. MicroRNA398 (miR398) is a conserved miRNA in plants and has been shown to control multiple stress responses and plant growth in a variety of species. There are many studies on the stress response and developmental regulation of miR398. To systematically understand its function, it is necessary to summarize the evolution and functional roles of miR398 and its target genes. In this review, we analyze the evolution of miR398 in plants and outline its involvement in abiotic and biotic stress responses, in growth and development and in model and non-model plants. We summarize recent functional analyses, highlighting the role of miR398 as a master regulator that coordinates growth and diverse responses to environmental factors. We also discuss the potential for fine-tuning miR398 to achieve the goal of simultaneously improving plant growth and stress tolerance.
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16
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Zhang T, Sun K, Chang X, Ouyang Z, Meng G, Han Y, Shen S, Yao Q, Piao F, Wang Y. Comparative Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses of Two Contrasting Pepper Genotypes under Salt Stress Reveal Complex Salt Tolerance Mechanisms in Seedlings. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9701. [PMID: 36077098 PMCID: PMC9455954 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a glycophyte plant, pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is widely cultivated worldwide, but its growth is susceptible to salinity damage, especially at the seedling stage. Here, we conducted a study to determine the physiological and transcriptional differences between two genotype seedlings (P300 and 323F3) with contrasting tolerance under salt stress. The P300 seedlings were more salt-tolerant and had higher K+ contents, higher antioxidase activities, higher compatible solutes, and lower Na+ contents in both their roots and their leaves than the 323F3 seedlings. During RNA-seq analysis of the roots, more up-regulated genes and fewer down-regulated genes were identified between salt-treated P300 seedlings and the controls than between salt-treated 323F3 and the controls. Many ROS-scavenging genes and several SOS pathway genes were significantly induced by salt stress and exhibited higher expressions in the salt-treated roots of the P300 seedlings than those of 323F3 seedlings. Moreover, biosynthesis of the unsaturated fatty acids pathway and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway were deeply involved in the responses of P300 to salt stress, and most of the differentially expressed genes involved in the two pathways, including the genes that encode mega-6 fatty acid desaturases and heat-shock proteins, were up-regulated. We also found differences in the hormone synthesis and signaling pathway genes in both the P300 and 323F3 varieties under salt stress. Overall, our results provide valuable insights into the physiological and molecular mechanisms that affect the salt tolerance of pepper seedlings, and present some candidate genes for improving salt tolerance in pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Kaile Sun
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoke Chang
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhaopeng Ouyang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Geng Meng
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yanan Han
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shunshan Shen
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Qiuju Yao
- Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Fengzhi Piao
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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17
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Huo C, He L, Yu T, Ji X, Li R, Zhu S, Zhang F, Xie H, Liu W. The Superoxide Dismutase Gene Family in Nicotiana tabacum: Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, Expression Profiling and Functional Analysis in Response to Heavy Metal Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:904105. [PMID: 35599861 PMCID: PMC9121019 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.904105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) play an important role in protecting plants against ROS toxicity induced by biotic and abiotic stress. Recent studies have shown that the SOD gene family is involved in plant growth and development; however, knowledge of the SOD gene family in tobacco is still limited. In the present study, the SOD gene family was systematically characterized in the tobacco genome. Based on the conserved motif and phylogenetic tree, 15 NtSOD genes were identified and classified into three subgroups, including 5 NtCSDs, 7 NtFSDs and 3 NtMSDs. The predicted results of the transport peptide or signal peptide were consistent with their subcellular localization. Most NtSOD genes showed relatively well-maintained exon-intron and motif structures in the same subgroup. An analysis of cis-acting elements in SOD gene promoters showed that NtSOD expression was regulated by plant hormones, defense and stress responses, and light. In addition, multiple transcription factors and miRNAs are predicted to be involved in the regulation of NtSOD gene expression. The qPCR results indicated specific spatial and temporal expression patterns of the NtSOD gene family in different tissues and developmental stages, and this gene family played an important role in protecting against heavy metal stress. The results of functional complementation tests in the yeast mutant suggested that NtCSD1a, NtFSD1e and NtMSD1b scavenge ROS produced by heavy metal stress. This study represents the first genome-wide analysis of the NtSOD gene family, which lays a foundation for a better understanding of the function of the NtSOD gene family and improving the tolerance of plants to heavy metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsong Huo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Linshen He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Ji
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shunqin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - He Xie
- Tobacco Breeding and Biotechnology Research Center, Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Wanhong Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microorganism, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
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18
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Hu SH, Jinn TL. Impacts of Mn, Fe, and Oxidative Stressors on MnSOD Activation by AtMTM1 and AtMTM2 in Arabidopsis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:619. [PMID: 35270089 PMCID: PMC8912514 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that the mitochondrial carrier family proteins of AtMTM1 and AtMTM2 are necessary for manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activation in Arabidopsis, and are responsive to methyl viologen (MV)-induced oxidative stress. In this study, we showed that MnSOD activity was enhanced specifically by Mn treatments. By using AtMnSOD-overexpressing and AtMnSOD-knockdown mutant plants treated with the widely used oxidative stressors including MV, NaCl, H2O2, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BH), we revealed that Arabidopsis MnSOD was crucial for root-growth control and superoxide scavenging ability. In addition, it has been reported that E. coli MnSOD activity is inhibited by Fe and that MTM1-mutated yeast cells exhibit elevated Fe content and decreased MnSOD activity, which can be restored by the Fe2+-specific chelator, bathophenanthroline disulfonate (BPS). However, we showed that BPS inhibited MnSOD activity in AtMTM1 and AtMTM2 single- and double-mutant protoplasts, implying that altered Fe homeostasis affected MnSOD activation through AtMTM1 and AtMTM2. Notably, we used inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis to reveal an abnormal Fe/Mn ratio in the roots and shoots of AtMTM1 and AtMTM2 mutants under MV stress, indicating the importance of AtMTM1 in roots and AtMTM2 in shoots for maintaining Fe/Mn balance.
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How to Cope with the Challenges of Environmental Stresses in the Era of Global Climate Change: An Update on ROS Stave off in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041995. [PMID: 35216108 PMCID: PMC8879091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of human civilization and anthropogenic activities in the shade of urbanization and global climate change, plants are exposed to a complex set of abiotic stresses. These stresses affect plants’ growth, development, and yield and cause enormous crop losses worldwide. In this alarming scenario of global climate conditions, plants respond to such stresses through a highly balanced and finely tuned interaction between signaling molecules. The abiotic stresses initiate the quick release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as toxic by-products of altered aerobic metabolism during different stress conditions at the cellular level. ROS includes both free oxygen radicals {superoxide (O2•−) and hydroxyl (OH−)} as well as non-radicals [hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and singlet oxygen (1O2)]. ROS can be generated and scavenged in different cell organelles and cytoplasm depending on the type of stimulus. At high concentrations, ROS cause lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, protein oxidation, and necrosis, but at low to moderate concentrations, they play a crucial role as secondary messengers in intracellular signaling cascades. Because of their concentration-dependent dual role, a huge number of molecules tightly control the level of ROS in cells. The plants have evolved antioxidants and scavenging machinery equipped with different enzymes to maintain the equilibrium between the production and detoxification of ROS generated during stress. In this present article, we have focused on current insights on generation and scavenging of ROS during abiotic stresses. Moreover, the article will act as a knowledge base for new and pivotal studies on ROS generation and scavenging.
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20
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Mishra S, Sahu G, Shaw BP. Integrative small RNA and transcriptome analysis provides insight into key role of miR408 towards drought tolerance response in cowpea. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:75-94. [PMID: 34570259 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress response studies and overexpression of vun-miR408 proved it to be essential for abiotic stress tolerance in cowpea. Small RNA and transcriptome sequencing of an elite high-yielding drought-tolerant Indian cowpea cultivar, Pusa Komal revealed a differential expression of 198 highly conserved, 21 legume-specific, 14 less-conserved, and 10 novel drought-responsive microRNAs (miRNAs) along with 3391 (up-regulated) and 3799 (down-regulated) genes, respectively, in the leaf and root libraries. Among the differentially expressed miRNAs, vun-miR408-3p, showed an up-regulation of 3.53-log2-fold change under drought stress. Furthermore, laccase 12 (LAC 12) was identified as the potential target of vun-miR408-3p using 5' RNA ligase-mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The stable transgenic cowpea lines overexpressing artificial vun-miR408-3p (OX-amiR408) displayed enhanced drought and salinity tolerance as compared to the wild-type plants. An average increase of 30.17% in chlorophyll, 26.57% in proline, and 27.62% in relative water content along with lesser cellular H2O2 level was observed in the transgenic lines in comparison with the wild-type plants under drought stress. Additionally, the scanning electron microscopic study revealed a decrease in the stomatal aperture and an increase in the trichome density in the transgenic lines. The expression levels of laccase 3 and laccase 12, the potential targets of miR408, related to lipid catabolic processes showed a significant reduction in the wild-type plants under drought stress and the transgenic lines, indicating the regulation of lignin content as a plausibly essential trait related to the drought tolerance in cowpea. Taken together, this study primarily focused on identification of drought-responsive miRNAs and genes in cowpea, and functional validation of role of miR408 towards drought stress response in cowpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagarika Mishra
- Abiotic Stress and Agro-Biotechnology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India.
| | - Gyanasri Sahu
- Abiotic Stress and Agro-Biotechnology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Birendra Prasad Shaw
- Abiotic Stress and Agro-Biotechnology Lab, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
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21
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Fasani E, DalCorso G, Zorzi G, Vitulo N, Furini A. Comparative analysis identifies micro-RNA associated with nutrient homeostasis, development and stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana upon high Zn and metal hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:920-934. [PMID: 34171137 PMCID: PMC8597110 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
miRNAs have been found to be key players in mineral homeostasis, both in the control of nutrient balance and in the response to toxic trace elements. However, the effect of Zn excess on miRNAs has not been elucidated; moreover, no data are present regarding miRNAs in hyperaccumulator species, where metal homeostasis is tightly regulated. Therefore, expression levels of mature miRNAs were measured by RNA-Seq in Zn-sensitive Arabidopsis thaliana grown in control conditions and upon high Zn, in soil and in Zn-hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri grown in control conditions. Differential expression of notable miRNAs and their targets was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. The comparison in A. thaliana revealed a small subset modulated upon Zn treatment that is associated with stress response and nutrient homeostasis. On the other hand, a more consistent group of miRNAs was differentially expressed in A. halleri compared with A. thaliana, reflecting inherent differences in nutritional requirements and response to stresses and plant growth and development. Overall, these results confirm the involvement of miRNAs in Zn homeostasis and support the hypothesis of distinct regulatory pathways in hyperaccumulator species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fasani
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | | | - Gianluca Zorzi
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Nicola Vitulo
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
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22
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Wan H, Yang F, Zhuang X, Cao Y, He J, Li H, Qin S, Lyu D. Malus rootstocks affect copper accumulation and tolerance in trees by regulating copper mobility, physiological responses, and gene expression patterns. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117610. [PMID: 34174667 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the roles of rootstocks in Cu accumulation and tolerance in Malus plants by grafting 'Hanfu' (HF) scions onto M. baccata (Mb) and M. prunifolia (Mp) rootstocks, which have different Cu tolerances. The grafts were exposed to basal or excess Cu for 20 d. Excess Cu-treated HF/Mb had less biomass, and pronounced root architecture deformation and leaf ultrastructure damage than excess Cu-challenged HF/Mp. Root Cu concentrations and bio-concentration factor (BCF) were higher in HF/Mp than HF/Mb, whereas HF/Mb had higher stem and leaf Cu concentrations than HF/Mp. Excess Cu lowered root and aerial tissue BCF and translocation factor (Tf) in all plants; however, Tf was markedly higher in HF/Mb than in HF/Mp. The subcellular distribution of Cu in the roots and leaves indicated that excess Cu treatments increased Cu fixation in the root cell walls, which decreased Cu mobility. Compared to HF/Mb, HF/Mp sequestered more Cu in its root cell walls and less Cu in leaf plastids, nuclei, and mitochondria. Moreover, HF/Mp roots and leaves had higher concentrations of water-insoluble Cu compounds than HF/Mb, which reduced Cu mobility and toxicity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that the carboxyl, hydroxyl and acylamino groups of the cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and proteins were the main Cu binding sites in the root cell walls. Excess Cu-induced superoxide anion and malondialdehyde were 28.6% and 5.1% lower, but soluble phenolics, ascorbate and glutathione were 10.5%, 41.9% and 17.7% higher in HF/Mp than HF/Mb leaves. Compared with HF/Mb, certain genes involved in Cu transport were downregulated, while other genes involved in detoxification were upregulated in HF/Mp roots and leaves. Our results show that Mp inhibited Cu translocation and mitigated Cu toxicity in Malus scions by regulating Cu mobility, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and transcription of key genes involved in Cu translocation and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixue Wan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengying Yang
- Dalian Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116036, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Zhuang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Cao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali He
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huifeng Li
- Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijun Qin
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Deguo Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China; Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, People's Republic of China
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Song H, Lin B, Huang Q, Sun L, Chen J, Hu L, Zhuo K, Liao J. The Meloidogyne graminicola effector MgMO289 targets a novel copper metallochaperone to suppress immunity in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5638-5655. [PMID: 33974693 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that plant-parasitic nematodes facilitate their infection by suppressing plant immunity via effectors, but the inhibitory mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study found that a novel effector MgMO289 is exclusively expressed in the dorsal esophageal gland of Meloidogyne graminicola and is up-regulated at parasitic third-/fourth-stage juveniles. In planta silencing of MgMO289 substantially increased plant resistance to M. graminicola. Moreover, we found that MgMO289 interacts with a new rice copper metallochaperone heavy metal-associated plant protein 04 (OsHPP04), and that rice cytosolic COPPER/ZINC -SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE 2 (cCu/Zn-SOD2) is the target of OsHPP04. Rice plants overexpressing OsHPP04 or MgMO289 exhibited an increased susceptibility to M. graminicola and a higher Cu/Zn-SOD activity, but lower O2•- content, when compared with wild-type plants. Meanwhile, immune response assays showed that MgMO289 could suppress host innate immunity. These findings reveal a novel pathway for a plant pathogen effector that utilizes the host O2•--scavenging system to eliminate O2•- and suppress plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handa Song
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Borong Lin
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuling Huang
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longhua Sun
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansong Chen
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Hu
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kan Zhuo
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinling Liao
- Laboratory of Plant Nematology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Eco-Engineering Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
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Zhuang Y, Wei M, Ling C, Liu Y, Amin AK, Li P, Li P, Hu X, Bao H, Huo H, Smalle J, Wang S. EGY3 mediates chloroplastic ROS homeostasis and promotes retrograde signaling in response to salt stress in Arabidopsis. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109384. [PMID: 34260941 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The chloroplast is the main organelle for stress-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, how chloroplastic ROS homeostasis is maintained under salt stress is largely unknown. We show that EGY3, a gene encoding a chloroplast-localized protein, is induced by salt and oxidative stresses. The loss of EGY3 function causes stress hypersensitivity while EGY3 overexpression increases the tolerance to both salt and chloroplastic oxidative stresses. EGY3 interacts with chloroplastic Cu/Zn-SOD2 (CSD2) and promotes CSD2 stability under stress conditions. In egy3-1 mutant plants, the stress-induced CSD2 degradation limits H2O2 production in chloroplasts and impairs H2O2-mediated retrograde signaling, as indicated by the decreased expression of retrograde-signal-responsive genes required for stress tolerance. Both exogenous application of H2O2 (or APX inhibitor) and CSD2 overexpression can rescue the salt-stress hypersensitivity of egy3-1 mutants. Our findings reveal that EGY3 enhances the tolerance to salt stress by promoting the CSD2 stability and H2O2-mediated chloroplastic retrograde signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhuang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ming Wei
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengcheng Ling
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yangxuan Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Abdul Karim Amin
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Penghui Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pengwei Li
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xufan Hu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Huaxu Bao
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Heqiang Huo
- Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Apopka, FL 32703, USA
| | - Jan Smalle
- Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Songhu Wang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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25
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Hu SH, Lin SF, Huang YC, Huang CH, Kuo WY, Jinn TL. Significance of AtMTM1 and AtMTM2 for Mitochondrial MnSOD Activation in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:690064. [PMID: 34434202 PMCID: PMC8382117 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.690064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The manganese (Mn) tracking factor for mitochondrial Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) has been annotated as yMTM1 in yeast, which belongs to the mitochondrial carrier family. We confirmed that Arabidopsis AtMTM1 and AtMTM2 are functional homologs of yMTM1 as they can revive yeast MnSOD activity in yMTM1-mutant cells. Transient expression of AtMnSOD-3xFLAG in the AtMTM1 and AtMTM2-double mutant protoplasts confirmed that AtMTM1 and AtMTM2 are required for AtMnSOD activation. Our study revealed that AtMnSOD interacts with AtMTM1 and AtMTM2 in the mitochondria. The expression levels of AtMTM1, AtMTM2, and AtMnSOD respond positively to methyl viologen (MV) and metal stress. AtMTM1 and AtMTM2 are involved in Mn and Fe homeostasis, root length, and flowering time. Transient expression of chloroplast-destined AtMnSOD revealed that an evolutionarily conserved activation mechanism, like the chloroplastic-localized MnSOD in some algae, still exists in Arabidopsis chloroplasts. This study strengthens the proposition that AtMTM1 and AtMTM2 participate in the AtMnSOD activation and ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hsuan Hu
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fan Lin
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chen Huang
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsun Huang
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant Biology, Center of Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Yu Kuo
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Luo Jinn
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Tsung-Luo Jinn,
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Grosjean N, Blaby-Haas CE. Leveraging computational genomics to understand the molecular basis of metal homeostasis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1472-1489. [PMID: 32696981 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Genome-based data is helping to reveal the diverse strategies plants and algae use to maintain metal homeostasis. In addition to acquisition, distribution and storage of metals, acclimating to feast or famine can involve a wealth of genes that we are just now starting to understand. The fast-paced acquisition of genome-based data, however, is far outpacing our ability to experimentally characterize protein function. Computational genomic approaches are needed to fill the gap between what is known and unknown. To avoid misconstruing bioinformatically derived data, which is the root cause of the inaccurate functional annotations that plague databases, functional inferences from diverse sources and contextualization of that evidence with a robust understanding of protein family evolution is needed. Phylogenomic- and comparative-genomic-based studies can aid in the interpretation of experimental data or provide a spark for the discovery of a new function. These analyses not only lead to novel insight into a target protein's function but can generate thought-provoking insights across protein families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Grosjean
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
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27
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Grafi G. Dead but Not Dead End: Multifunctional Role of Dead Organs Enclosing Embryos in Seed Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218024. [PMID: 33126660 PMCID: PMC7662896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry fruits consist of two types, dehiscent and indehiscent, whereby the fruit is splitting open or remains closed at maturity, respectively. The seed, the dispersal unit (DU) of dehiscent fruits, is composed of three major parts, the embryo and the food reserve, encapsulated by the maternally-derived organ, the seed coat. Indehiscent fruit constitutes the DU in which the embryo is covered by two protective layers (PLs), the seed coat and the fruit coat. In grasses, the caryopsis, a one-seeded fruit, can be further enclosed by the floral bracts to generate two types of DUs, florets and spikelets. All protective layers enclosing the embryo undergo programmed cell death (PCD) at maturation and are thought to provide mainly a physical shield for embryo protection and a means for dispersal. In this review article, I wish to highlight the elaborate function of these dead organs enclosing the embryo as unique storage structures for beneficial substances and discuss their potential role in seed biology and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Grafi
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion 84990, Israel
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28
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Chai LX, Dong K, Liu SY, Zhang Z, Zhang XP, Tong X, Zhu FF, Zou JZ, Wang XB. A putative nuclear copper chaperone promotes plant immunity in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6684-6696. [PMID: 32865553 PMCID: PMC7586746 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Copper is essential for many metabolic processes but must be sequestrated by copper chaperones. It is well known that plant copper chaperones regulate various physiological processes. However, the functions of copper chaperones in the plant nucleus remain largely unknown. Here, we identified a putative copper chaperone induced by pathogens (CCP) in Arabidopsis thaliana. CCP harbors a classical MXCXXC copper-binding site (CBS) at its N-terminus and a nuclear localization signal (NLS) at its C-terminus. CCP mainly formed nuclear speckles in the plant nucleus, which requires the NLS and CBS domains. Overexpression of CCP induced PR1 expression and enhanced resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 compared with Col-0 plants. Conversely, two CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ccp mutants were impaired in plant immunity. Further biochemical analyses revealed that CCP interacted with the transcription factor TGA2 in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, CCP recruits TGA2 to the PR1 promoter sequences in vivo, which induces defense gene expression and plant immunity. Collectively, our results have identified a putative nuclear copper chaperone required for plant immunity and provided evidence for a potential function of copper in the salicylic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Xiang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Song-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fei-Fan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing-Ze Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xian-Bing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence:
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29
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Ding Y, Mei J, Chai Y, Yang W, Mao Y, Yan B, Yu Y, Disi JO, Rana K, Li J, Qian W. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum utilizes host-derived copper for ROS detoxification and infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008919. [PMID: 33002079 PMCID: PMC7553324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotrophic plant pathogen induces host reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which leads to necrosis in the host, allowing the pathogen to absorb nutrients from the dead tissues. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a typical necrotrophic pathogen that causes Sclerotinia stem rot in more than 400 species, resulting in serious economic losses. Here, we found that three S. sclerotiorum genes involved in copper ion import/transport, SsCTR1, SsCCS and SsATX1, were significantly up-regulated during infection of Brassica oleracea. Function analysis revealed that these genes involved in fungal ROS detoxification and virulence. On the host side, four genes putatively involved in copper ion homeostasis, BolCCS, BolCCH, BolMT2A and BolDRT112, were significantly down-regulated in susceptible B. oleracea, but stably expressed in resistant B. oleracea during infection. Their homologs were found to promote resistance to S. sclerotiorum and increase antioxidant activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, copper concentration analysis indicated that copper flow from healthy area into the necrotic area during infection. A model was proposed that S. sclerotiorum utilizes host copper to detoxify ROS in its cells, whereas the resistant hosts may restrict the supply of essential copper nutrients to S. sclerotiorum by maintaining copper ion homeostasis during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Ding
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, China
| | - Jiaqin Mei
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, China
| | - Yaru Chai
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, China
| | - Yi Mao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, China
| | - Baoqin Yan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, China
| | - Joseph Onwusemu Disi
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, United States of America
| | - Kusum Rana
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, China
| | - Jiana Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, China
| | - Wei Qian
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, China
- Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, China
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30
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High gene space divergence contrasts with frozen vegetative architecture in the moss family Funariaceae. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 154:106965. [PMID: 32956800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new paradigm has slowly emerged regarding the diversification of bryophytes, with inferences from molecular data highlighting a dynamic evolution of their genome. However, comparative studies of expressed genes among closely related taxa is so far missing. Here we contrast the dimensions of the vegetative transcriptome of Funaria hygrometrica and Physcomitrium pyriforme against the genome of their relative, Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens. These three species of Funariaceae share highly conserved vegetative bodies, and are partially sympatric, growing on mineral soil in mostly temperate regions. We analyzed the vegetative gametophytic transcriptome of F. hygrometrica and P. pyriforme and mapped short reads, transcripts, and proteins to the genome and gene space of P. patens. Only about half of the transcripts of F. hygrometrica map to their ortholog in P. patens, whereas at least 90% of those of P. pyriforme align to loci in P. patens. Such divergence is unexpected given the high morphological similarity of the gametophyte but reflects the estimated times of divergence of F. hygrometrica and P. pyriforme from P. patens, namely 55 and 20 mya, respectively. The newly sampled transcriptomes bear signatures of at least one, rather ancient, whole genome duplication (WGD), which may be shared with one reported for P. patens. The transcriptomes of F. hygrometrica and P. pyriforme reveal significant contractions or expansions of different gene families. While transcriptomes offer only an incomplete estimate of the gene space, the high number of transcripts obtained suggest a significant divergence in gene sequences, and gene number among the three species, indicative of a rather strong, dynamic genome evolution, shaped in part by whole, partial or localized genome duplication. The gene ontology of their specific and rapidly-evolving protein families, suggests that the evolution of the Funariaceae may have been driven by the diversification of metabolic genes that may optimize the adaptations to environmental conditions, a hypothesis well in line with ecological patterns in the genetic diversity and structure in seed plants.
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Zhang H, Zhang X, Liu J, Niu Y, Chen Y, Hao Y, Zhao J, Sun L, Wang H, Xiao J, Wang X. Characterization of the Heavy-Metal-Associated Isoprenylated Plant Protein ( HIPP) Gene Family from Triticeae Species. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6191. [PMID: 32867204 PMCID: PMC7504674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy-metal-associated (HMA) isoprenylated plant proteins (HIPPs) only exist in vascular plants. They play important roles in responses to biotic/abiotic stresses, heavy-metal homeostasis, and detoxification. However, research on the distribution, diversification, and function of HIPPs in Triticeae species is limited. In this study, a total of 278 HIPPs were identified from a database from five Triticeae species, and 13 were cloned from Haynaldia villosa. These genes were classified into five groups by phylogenetic analysis. Most HIPPs had one HMA domain, while 51 from Clade I had two, and all HIPPs had good collinear relationships between species or subgenomes. In silico expression profiling revealed that 44 of the 114 wheat HIPPs were dominantly expressed in roots, 43 were upregulated under biotic stresses, and 29 were upregulated upon drought or heat treatment. Subcellular localization analysis of the cloned HIPPs from H. villosa showed that they were expressed on the plasma membrane. HIPP1-V was upregulated in H. villosa after Cd treatment, and transgenic wheat plants overexpressing HIPP1-V showed enhanced Cd tolerance, as shown by the recovery of seed-germination and root-growth inhibition by supplementary Cd. This research provides a genome-wide overview of the Triticeae HIPP genes and proved that HIPP1-V positively regulates Cd tolerance in common wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- State Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Ying Niu
- State Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Yiming Chen
- State Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Yongli Hao
- State Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Jia Zhao
- State Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (H.W.)
- College of Agriculture, South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Li Sun
- State Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Haiyan Wang
- State Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Jin Xiao
- State Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Xiue Wang
- State Key Lab of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Cytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC-MCP, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.N.); (Y.C.); (Y.H.); (J.Z.); (L.S.); (H.W.)
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Liu H, Able AJ, Able JA. Integrated Analysis of Small RNA, Transcriptome, and Degradome Sequencing Reveals the Water-Deficit and Heat Stress Response Network in Durum Wheat. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176017. [PMID: 32825615 PMCID: PMC7504575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-deficit and heat stress negatively impact crop production. Mechanisms underlying the response of durum wheat to such stresses are not well understood. With the new durum wheat genome assembly, we conducted the first multi-omics analysis with next-generation sequencing, providing a comprehensive description of the durum wheat small RNAome (sRNAome), mRNA transcriptome, and degradome. Single and combined water-deficit and heat stress were applied to stress-tolerant and -sensitive Australian genotypes to study their response at multiple time-points during reproduction. Analysis of 120 sRNA libraries identified 523 microRNAs (miRNAs), of which 55 were novel. Differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were identified that had significantly altered expression subject to stress type, genotype, and time-point. Transcriptome sequencing identified 49,436 genes, with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to processes associated with hormone homeostasis, photosynthesis, and signaling. With the first durum wheat degradome report, over 100,000 transcript target sites were characterized, and new miRNA-mRNA regulatory pairs were discovered. Integrated omics analysis identified key miRNA-mRNA modules (particularly, novel pairs of miRNAs and transcription factors) with antagonistic regulatory patterns subject to different stresses. GO (Gene Ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analysis revealed significant roles in plant growth and stress adaptation. Our research provides novel and fundamental knowledge, at the whole-genome level, for transcriptional and post-transcriptional stress regulation in durum wheat.
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Howlader J, Robin AHK, Natarajan S, Biswas MK, Sumi KR, Song CY, Park JI, Nou IS. Transcriptome Analysis by RNA-Seq Reveals Genes Related to Plant Height in Two Sets of Parent-hybrid Combinations in Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum). Sci Rep 2020; 10:9082. [PMID: 32494055 PMCID: PMC7270119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65909-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, two different hybrids of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum), obtained from two cross combinations, along with their four parents were sequenced by high–throughput RNA–sequencing (RNA–Seq) to find out differentially expressed gene in parent-hybrid combinations. The leaf mRNA profiles of two hybrids and their four parents were RNA–sequenced with a view to identify the potential candidate genes related to plant height heterosis. In both cross combinations, based to morphological traits mid–parent heterosis (MPH) was higher than high–parent heterosis (HPH) for plant height, leaf length, and number of flowers whereas HPH was higher than MPH for flowering time. A total of 4,327 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified through RNA–Seq between the hybrids and their parents based on fold changes (FC) ≥ 2 for up– and ≤ –2 for down–regulation. Venn diagram analysis revealed that there were 703 common DEGs in two hybrid combinations, those were either up– or down–regulated. Most of the commonly expressed DEGs exhibited higher non–additive effects especially overdominance (75.9%) rather than additive (19.4%) and dominance (4.76%) effects. Among the 384 functionally annotated DEGs identified through Blast2GO tool, 12 DEGs were up–regulated and 16 of them were down–regulated in a similar fashion in both hybrids as revealed by heat map analysis. These 28 universally expressed DEGs were found to encode different types of proteins and enzymes those might regulate heterosis by modulating growth, development and stress–related functions in lily. In addition, gene ontology (GO) analysis of 260 annotated DEGs revealed that biological process might play dominant role in heterotic expression. In this first report of transcriptome sequencing in Easter lily, the notable universally up-regulated DEGs annotated ABC transporter A family member–like, B3 domain–containing, disease resistance RPP13/1, auxin–responsive SAUR68–like, and vicilin–like antimicrobial peptides 2–2 proteins those were perhaps associated with plant height heterosis. The genes expressed universally due to their overdominace function perhaps influenced MPH for greater plant height― largely by modulating biological processes involved therein. The genes identified in this study might be exploited in heterosis breeding for plant height of L. longiflorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jewel Howlader
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea.,Department of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Arif Hasan Khan Robin
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea.,Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sathishkumar Natarajan
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Manosh Kumar Biswas
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Kanij Rukshana Sumi
- Department of Fisheries Science, Chonnam National University, 50, Daehak-ro, Yeosu, Jeonnam, 59626, Republic of Korea.,Department of Aquaculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali, 8602, Bangladesh
| | - Cheon Young Song
- Department of Floriculture, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, 1515, Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Wansan-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Park
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Ill-Sup Nou
- Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, 255, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam, 57922, Republic of Korea.
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Ge Q, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Bai M, Luo W, Wang B, Niu Y, Zhao Y, Li S, Weng Y, Wang Z, Qian Q, Chong K. Cyclophilin OsCYP20-2 with a novel variant integrates defense and cell elongation for chilling response in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:2453-2467. [PMID: 31736073 PMCID: PMC7064896 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Coordinating stress defense and plant growth is a survival strategy for adaptation to different environments that contains a series of processes, such as, cell growth, division and differentiation. However, little is known about the coordination mechanism for protein conformation change. A cyclophilin OsCYP20-2 with a variant interacts with SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1) and OsFSD2 in the nucleus and chloroplasts, respectively, to integrate chilling tolerance and cell elongation in rice (Oryza sativa) (FSD2, Fe-superoxide dismutase 2). Mass spectrum assay showed that OsNuCYP20-2 localized at the nucleus (nuclear located OsCYP20-2) was a new variant of OsCYP20-2 that truncated 71 amino-acid residues in N-terminal. The loss-of function OsCYP20-2 mutant showed sensitivity to chilling stress with accumulation of extra reactive oxygen species (ROS). In chloroplasts, the full-length OsCYP20-2 promotes OsFSD2 forming homodimers which enhance its activity, eliminating the accumulation of ROS under chilling stress. However, the mutant had shorter epidermal cells in comparison with wild-type Hwayoung (HY). In the nucleus, OsCYP20-2 caused conformation change of SLR1 to promote its degradation for cell elongation. Our data reveal a cyclophilin with a variant with dual-localization in chloroplasts and the nucleus, which mediate chilling tolerance and cell elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ge
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China
| | - Yunyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China
- Innovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Mingyi Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm InnovationMinistry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesShandong UniversityJinan250100China
| | - Wei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China
| | - Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yuda Niu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Laboratory of Soft Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Yuxiang Weng
- Laboratory of Soft Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Plant BiologyCarnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou310006China
| | - Kang Chong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular PhysiologyInstitute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Innovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
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Li J, Shen Y, Zhu J, Liu S, Zeng N, Zhan X. miR398 is involved in the relief of phenanthrene-induced oxidative toxicity in wheat roots. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 258:113701. [PMID: 31818619 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants and could produce oxidative toxicity to plants. Our previous study has shown that miR398 is involved in response to phenanthrene treatment by targeting CSD1 and CSD2. However, it is not clear which is essential for CSD1 and CSD2 and how miR398 changes. In this study, we performed discontinuous PAGE to separate superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozymes and found that two bands of the cytosolic Cu/Zn-SOD are induced by phenanthrene at day 5 and 7. Low expression of pri-miR398 and high expression of pre-miR398 indicate that the conversion process from pri-miR398 to pre-miR398 is impeded, which causes decrease in mature miR398. The relative expression of CSD1 is entirely up-regulated, further confirming the important role of CSD1 in response to phenanthrene exposure. Besides, the overexpression of WRKY implies its potential function in answering the call from phenanthrene stress. Therefore, it is concluded that the gene silencing of CSD1 recedes due to the biosynthesis inhibition of miR398, causing the increase of SOD activity in response to phenanthrene exposure in wheat roots. Our results are useful not only for better understanding miRNAs regulation in detoxication of reactive oxygen species, but also for alleviating the toxicity to crops caused by PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Nengde Zeng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Rather BA, Masood A, Sehar Z, Majid A, Anjum NA, Khan NA. Mechanisms and Role of Nitric Oxide in Phytotoxicity-Mitigation of Copper. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:675. [PMID: 32547583 PMCID: PMC7274197 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytotoxicity of metals significantly contributes to the major loss in agricultural productivity. Among all the metals, copper (Cu) is one of essential metals, where it exhibits toxicity only at its supra-optimal level. Elevated Cu levels affect plants developmental processes from initiation of seed germination to the senescence, photosynthetic functions, growth and productivity. The use of plant growth regulators/phytohormones and other signaling molecules is one of major approaches for reversing Cu-toxicity in plants. Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile and bioactive gaseous signaling molecule, involved in major physiological and molecular processes in plants. NO modulates responses of plants grown under optimal conditions or to multiple stress factors including elevated Cu levels. The available literature in this context is centered mainly on the role of NO in combating Cu stress with partial discussion on underlying mechanisms. Considering the recent reports, this paper: (a) overviews Cu uptake and transport; (b) highlights the major aspects of Cu-toxicity on germination, photosynthesis, growth, phenotypic changes and nutrient-use-efficiency; (c) updates on NO as a major signaling molecule; and (d) critically appraises the Cu-significance and mechanisms underlying NO-mediated alleviation of Cu-phytotoxicity. The outcome of the discussion may provide important clues for future research on NO-mediated mitigation of Cu-phytotoxicity.
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Fu Y, Mason AS, Zhang Y, Lin B, Xiao M, Fu D, Yu H. MicroRNA-mRNA expression profiles and their potential role in cadmium stress response in Brassica napus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:570. [PMID: 31856702 PMCID: PMC6923997 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oilseed rape is an excellent candidate for phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soils given its advantages of high biomass, fast growth, moderate metal accumulation, ease of harvesting, and metal tolerance, but the cadmium response pathways in this species (Brassica napus) have yet to be fully elucidated. A combined analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression to infer Cd-induced regulation has not been reported in B. napus. RESULTS We characterized concurrent changes in miRNA and mRNA profiles in the roots and shoots of B. napus seedlings after 10 days of 10 mg/L Cd2+ treatment. Cd treatment significantly affected the expression of 22 miRNAs belonging to 11 families in the root and 29 miRNAs belonging to 14 miRNA families in the shoot. Five miRNA families (MIR395, MIR397, MIR398, MIR408 and MIR858) and three novel miRNAs were differentially expressed in both tissues. A total of 399 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the root and 389 DEGs in the shoot were identified, with very little overlap between tissue types. Eight anti-regulation miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs in the root and eight in the shoot were identified in response to Cd and were involved in key plant stress response pathways: for example, four genes targeted by miR398 were involved in a pathway for detoxification of superoxide radicals. Cd stress significantly impacted the photosynthetic pathway. Transcription factor activation, antioxidant response pathways and secondary metabolic processes such as glutathione (GSH) and phenylpropanoid metabolism were identified as major components for Cd-induced response in both roots and shoots. CONCLUSIONS Combined miRNA and mRNA profiling revealed miRNAs, genes and pathways involved in Cd response which are potentially critical for adaptation to Cd stress in B. napus. Close crosstalk between several Cd-induced miRNAs and mRNAs was identified, shedding light on possible mechanisms for response to Cd stress in underground and aboveground tissues in B. napus. The pathways, genes, and miRNAs identified here will be valuable targets for future improvement of cadmium tolerance in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Annaliese S. Mason
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Yaofeng Zhang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baogang Lin
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meili Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Donghui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045 China
| | - Huasheng Yu
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Fang L, Ju W, Yang C, Duan C, Cui Y, Han F, Shen G, Zhang C. Application of signaling molecules in reducing metal accumulation in alfalfa and alleviating metal-induced phytotoxicity in Pb/Cd-contaminated soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109459. [PMID: 31344591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of forages grown on metal-contaminated soil can increase the risk of heavy metals entering the food chain and affecting human health because of elevated toxic metal concentrations. Meanwhile, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) as signaling molecules are known to promote plant growth in metal-contaminated soils. However, the regulatory mechanisms of such molecules in plant physiology and soil biochemistry have not been well-documented. Hence, we investigate the role of the exogenous application of H2S and NO on alfalfa growth in lead/cadmium (Pb/Cd)-contaminated soil. Our results indicate that the signaling molecules increase the alfalfa chlorophyll and biomass content and improve alfalfa growth. Further, H2S and NO reduce the translocation and bioconcentration factors of Pb and Cd, potentially reducing the risk of heavy metals entering the food chain. These signaling molecules reduce metal-induced oxidative damage to alfalfa by mitigating reactive oxygen species accumulation and increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. Their exogenous application increases soil enzymatic activities, particularly of catalase and polyphenol oxidase, without significantly changing the composition and structure of rhizosphere bacterial communities. Interestingly, H2S addition enriches the abundance of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria in soil, including Nocardioides, Rhizobium, and Glycomyces. H2S is more effective than NO in improving alfalfa growth and reducing heavy-metal contamination of the food chain. These results provide new insights into the exogenous application of signaling molecules in alleviating metal-induced phytotoxicity, including an efficient strategy for the safe use of forages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xian, 710061, China
| | - Wenliang Ju
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Congli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chengjiao Duan
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongxing Cui
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Guoting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Wan H, Du J, He J, Lyu D, Li H. Copper accumulation, subcellular partitioning and physiological and molecular responses in relation to different copper tolerance in apple rootstocks. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1215-1234. [PMID: 30977826 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To unravel the physiological and molecular regulation mechanisms underlying the variation in copper (Cu)accumulation, translocation and tolerance among five apple rootstocks, seedlings were exposed to either basal or excess Cu. Excess Cu suppressed plant biomass and root architecture, which was less pronounced in Malus prunifolia Borkh., indicating its relatively higher Cu tolerance. Among the five apple rootstocks, M. prunifolia exhibited the highest Cu concentration and bio-concentration factor in roots but the lowest translocation factor, indicating its greater ability to immobilize Cu and restrict translocation to the aerial parts. Higher Cu concentration in cell wall fraction but lower Cu proportion in membrane-containing and organelle-rich fractions were found in M. prunifolia. Compared with the other four apple rootstocks under excess Cu conditions, M. prunifolia had a lower increment of hydrogen peroxide in roots and leaves and malondialdehyde in roots, but higher concentrations of carbohydrates and enhanced antioxidants. Transcript levels of genes involved in Cu uptake, transport and detoxification revealed species-specific differences that are probably related to alterations in Cu tolerance. M. prunifolia had relatively higher gene transcript levels including copper transporters 2 (COPT2), COPT6 and zinc/iron-regulated transporter-related protein 2 (ZIP2), which probably took part in Cu uptake, and C-type ATP-binding cassette transporter 2 (ABCC2), copper chaperone for Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (CCS), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (CSD1) and metallothionein 2 (MT2) probably implicated in Cu detoxification, and relatively lower mRNA levels of yellow stripe-like transporter 3 (YSL3) and heavy metal ATPase 5 (HMA5) involved in transport of Cu to aerial parts. These results suggest that M. prunifolia is more tolerant to excess Cu than the other four apple rootstocks under the current experimental conditions, which is probably attributed to more Cu retention in roots, subcellular partitioning, well-coordinated antioxidant defense mechanisms and transcriptional expression of genes involved in Cu uptake, translocation and detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixue Wan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Du
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali He
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Deguo Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Key Lab of Fruit Quality Development and Regulation of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifeng Li
- Institute of Pomology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai'an, People's Republic of China
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Shahbaz M, Pilon M. Conserved Cu-MicroRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana Function in Copper Economy under Deficiency. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8060141. [PMID: 31146453 PMCID: PMC6631055 DOI: 10.3390/plants8060141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a micronutrient for plants. Three small RNAs, which are up-regulated by Cu deficiency and target transcripts for Cu proteins, are among the most conserved microRNAs in plants. It was hypothesized that these Cu-microRNAs help save Cu for the most essential Cu-proteins under deficiency. Testing this hypothesis has been a challenge due to the redundancy of the Cu microRNAs and the properties of the regulatory circuits that control Cu homeostasis. In order to investigate the role of Cu-microRNAs in Cu homeostasis during vegetative growth, we used a tandem target mimicry strategy to simultaneously inhibit the function of three conserved Cu-microRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana. When compared to wild-type, transgenic lines that express the tandem target mimicry construct showed reduced Cu-microRNA accumulation and increased accumulation of transcripts that encode Cu proteins. As a result, these mimicry lines showed impaired photosynthesis and growth compared to wild type on low Cu, which could be ascribed to a defect in accumulation of plastocyanin, a Cu-containing photosynthetic electron carrier, which is itself not a Cu-microRNA target. These data provide experimental support for a Cu economy model where the Cu-microRNAs together function to allow maturation of essential Cu proteins under impending deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahbaz
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA.
| | - Marinus Pilon
- Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1878, USA.
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Zhang P, Wang R, Ju Q, Li W, Tran LSP, Xu J. The R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor MYB49 Regulates Cadmium Accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 180:529-542. [PMID: 30782964 PMCID: PMC6501104 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) reduces accumulation of potentially toxic cadmium (Cd) in plants. How the ABA signal is transmitted to modulate Cd uptake remains largely unclear. Here, we report that the basic region/Leu zipper transcription factor ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5), a central ABA signaling molecule, is involved in ABA-repressed Cd accumulation in plants by physically interacting with a previously uncharacterized R2R3-type MYB transcription factor, MYB49. Overexpression of the Cd-induced MYB49 gene in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) resulted in a significant increase in Cd accumulation, whereas myb49 knockout plants and plants expressing chimeric repressors of MYB49:ERF-associated amphiphilic repression motif repression domain (SRDX49) exhibited reduced accumulation of Cd. Further investigations revealed that MYB49 positively regulates the expression of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors bHLH38 and bHLH101 by directly binding to their promoters, leading to activation of IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER1, which encodes a metal transporter involved in Cd uptake. MYB49 also binds to the promoter regions of the heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant proteins (HIPP22) and HIPP44, resulting in up-regulation of their expression and subsequent Cd accumulation. On the other hand, as a feedback mechanism to control Cd uptake and accumulation in plant cells, Cd-induced ABA up-regulates the expression of ABI5, whose protein product interacts with MYB49 and prevents its binding to the promoters of downstream genes, thereby reducing Cd accumulation. Our results provide new insights into the molecular feedback mechanisms underlying ABA signaling-controlled Cd uptake and accumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruling Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Qiong Ju
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Jin Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
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Smirnoff N, Arnaud D. Hydrogen peroxide metabolism and functions in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:1197-1214. [PMID: 30222198 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 1197 I. Introduction 1198 II. Measurement and imaging of H2 O2 1198 III. H2 O2 and O2·- toxicity 1199 IV. Production of H2 O2 : enzymes and subcellular locations 1200 V. H2 O2 transport 1205 VI. Control of H2 O2 concentration: how and where? 1205 VII. Metabolic functions of H2 O2 1207 VIII. H2 O2 signalling 1207 IX. Where next? 1209 Acknowledgements 1209 References 1209 SUMMARY: Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) is produced, via superoxide and superoxide dismutase, by electron transport in chloroplasts and mitochondria, plasma membrane NADPH oxidases, peroxisomal oxidases, type III peroxidases and other apoplastic oxidases. Intracellular transport is facilitated by aquaporins and H2 O2 is removed by catalase, peroxiredoxin, glutathione peroxidase-like enzymes and ascorbate peroxidase, all of which have cell compartment-specific isoforms. Apoplastic H2 O2 influences cell expansion, development and defence by its involvement in type III peroxidase-mediated polymer cross-linking, lignification and, possibly, cell expansion via H2 O2 -derived hydroxyl radicals. Excess H2 O2 triggers chloroplast and peroxisome autophagy and programmed cell death. The role of H2 O2 in signalling, for example during acclimation to stress and pathogen defence, has received much attention, but the signal transduction mechanisms are poorly defined. H2 O2 oxidizes specific cysteine residues of target proteins to the sulfenic acid form and, similar to other organisms, this modification could initiate thiol-based redox relays and modify target enzymes, receptor kinases and transcription factors. Quantification of the sources and sinks of H2 O2 is being improved by the spatial and temporal resolution of genetically encoded H2 O2 sensors, such as HyPer and roGFP2-Orp1. These H2 O2 sensors, combined with the detection of specific proteins modified by H2 O2 , will allow a deeper understanding of its signalling roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Smirnoff
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Dominique Arnaud
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
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Wang T, Song H, Zhang B, Lu Q, Liu Z, Zhang S, Guo R, Wang C, Zhao Z, Liu J, Peng R. Genome-wide identification, characterization, and expression analysis of superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes in foxtail millet ( Setaria italica L.). 3 Biotech 2018; 8:486. [PMID: 30498660 PMCID: PMC6240016 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1502-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases (SODs) play important roles in plant growth, development, and response to abiotic stresses. Despite SOD gene families have been identified in various plant species, little is known in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.). In this study, a systematic analysis of SOD gene family was performed in foxtail millet and the expression pattern of SOD genes in response to abiotic stressors was analyzed at the whole-genomic level. Eight SOD genes were identified in foxtail millet, including 4 Cu/ZnSODs, 3 FeSODs, and 1 MnSOD. These SiSODs are unevenly distributed across 5 of the 9 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SOD proteins could be divided into two major categories (Cu/ZnSODs and Fe-MnSODs), containing seven subgroups, from foxtail millet and other plant species. SOD genes have conserved motif and exon/intron composition in the same subgroup among Setaria italica, Setaria viridis, and Oryza sativa. Additionally, many cis-elements that respond to different stressors were distributed at different densities in the promoters of 8 SiSODs. The expression patterns of SiSODs in different tissues and different abiotic stressors indicated that the SiSODs may play important roles in reactive oxygen species scavenging, caused by various stressors in foxtail millet. This study provides a foundation for the further cloning and functional verification of the SOD gene family response to environmental stimuli in foxtail millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Hui Song
- Anyang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858 USA
| | - Quanwei Lu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Zhen Liu
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Shulin Zhang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Ruilin Guo
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Cong Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Zilin Zhao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Jinrong Liu
- Anyang Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Renhai Peng
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
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Zhang Y, Chen K, Zhao FJ, Sun C, Jin C, Shi Y, Sun Y, Li Y, Yang M, Jing X, Luo J, Lian X. OsATX1 Interacts with Heavy Metal P1B-Type ATPases and Affects Copper Transport and Distribution. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:329-344. [PMID: 30002257 PMCID: PMC6130040 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Cu trafficking and distribution to different organs in rice (Oryza sativa) are poorly understood. Here, we report the function and role of Antioxidant Protein1 (OsATX1), a Cu chaperone in rice. Knocking out OsATX1 resulted in increased Cu concentrations in roots, whereas OsATX1 overexpression reduced root Cu concentrations but increased Cu accumulation in the shoots. At the reproductive stage, the concentrations of Cu in developing tissues, including panicles, upper nodes and internodes, younger leaf blades, and leaf sheaths of the main tiller, were increased significantly in OsATX1-overexpressing plants and decreased in osatx1 mutants compared with the wild type. The osatx1 mutants also showed a higher Cu concentration in older leaves. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that OsATX1 interacts with the rice heavy metal P1B-ATPases HMA4, HMA5, HMA6, and HMA9. These results suggest that OsATX1 may function to deliver Cu to heavy metal P1B-ATPases for Cu trafficking and distribution in order to maintain Cu homeostasis in different rice tissues. In addition, heterologous expression of OsATX1 in the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cadmium-sensitive mutant Δycf1 increased the tolerance to Cu and cadmium by decreasing their respective concentrations in the transformed yeast cells. Taken together, our results indicate that OsATX1 plays an important role in facilitating root-to-shoot Cu translocation and the redistribution of Cu from old leaves to developing tissues and seeds in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kai Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fang-Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Cuiju Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuheng Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yangyang Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xinyu Jing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xingming Lian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Ahmed B, Khan MS, Musarrat J. Toxicity assessment of metal oxide nano-pollutants on tomato (Solanum lycopersicon): A study on growth dynamics and plant cell death. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 240:802-816. [PMID: 29783198 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study for the first time demonstrated the interactions of metal oxide (MO) nano-pollutants (CuO and Al2O3-NPs) with tissues and cellular DNA of tomato plants grown in soil sand: silt: clay (667:190:143) and Hoagland-hydroponic system and assessed the hazardous effects of NPs on cell physiology and biochemistry. Results of SEM equipped with EDX revealed attachment of variably shaped CuO-NPs (18 nm) and Al2O3-NPs (21 nm) on roots, and internalization followed by translocation in plants by ICP-MS and TEM. Significant variations in foliage surface area, chlorophyll, proteins, LPO, and antioxidant enzymes were recorded. Roots and shoots accumulated 225.8 ± 8.9 and 70.5 ± 4 μgAl g-1 DW, whereas Cu accumulation was 341.6 ± 14.3 (roots) and 146.9 ± 8.1 μg g-1 DW (shoots) which was significant (p ≤ 0.0005) as compared to control. The total soluble protein content in roots, shoots, and leaves collected from Al2O3-NPs treated plants increased by 120, 80, and 132%, respectively while in CuO-NPs treatments, the increase was 68 (roots), 36 (shoots), and 86% (leaves) over control. The level of antioxidant enzymes in plant tissues was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher at 2000 μg ml-1 of MONPs over control. A dose-dependent increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), biphasic change of lower and higher fluorescence in mitochondria due to dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and membrane defects using propidium iodide were observed. Comparatively, CuO-NPs induced higher toxicity than Al2O3-NPs. Perceptible changes in proteins (amide-I & II), cellulose, glucose, galactose and other carbohydrates were observed under FT-IR. The binding studies with TmDNA showed fluorescence quenching of EtBr-TmDNA and acridine orange-TmDNA complex only by CuO-NPs with -ΔG and +ΔH and +ΔS values. However, Al2O3-NPs induced lesser change in TmDNA conformation. Conclusively, the results are novel in better demonstrating the mechanistic basis of nano-phyto-toxicity and are important which could be used to develop strategies for safe disposal of Al2O3-NPs and CuO-NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Ahmed
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
| | - Mohammad Saghir Khan
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Javed Musarrat
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India; School of Biosciences and Biodiversity, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, J & K, India
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Bastow EL, Garcia de la Torre VS, Maclean AE, Green RT, Merlot S, Thomine S, Balk J. Vacuolar Iron Stores Gated by NRAMP3 and NRAMP4 Are the Primary Source of Iron in Germinating Seeds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1267-1276. [PMID: 29784767 PMCID: PMC6052989 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
During seed germination, iron (Fe) stored in vacuoles is exported by the redundant NRAMP3 and NRAMP4 transporter proteins. A double nramp3 nramp4 mutant is unable to mobilize Fe stores and does not develop in the absence of external Fe. We used RNA sequencing to compare gene expression in nramp3 nramp4 and wild type during germination and early seedling development. Even though sufficient Fe was supplied, the Fe-responsive transcription factors bHLH38, 39, 100, and 101 and their downstream targets FRO2 and IRT1 mediating Fe uptake were strongly upregulated in the nramp3 nramp4 mutant. Activation of the Fe deficiency response was confirmed by increased ferric chelate reductase activity in the mutant. At early stages, genes important for chloroplast redox control (FSD1 and SAPX), Fe homeostasis (FER1 and SUFB), and chlorophyll metabolism (HEMA1 and NYC1) were downregulated, indicating limited Fe availability in plastids. In contrast, expression of FRO3, encoding a ferric reductase involved in Fe import into the mitochondria, was maintained, and Fe-dependent enzymes in the mitochondria were unaffected in nramp3 nramp4 Together, these data show that a failure to mobilize Fe stores during germination triggered Fe deficiency responses and strongly affected plastids, but not mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Bastow
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Vanesa S Garcia de la Torre
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | | | | | - Sylvain Merlot
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Sebastien Thomine
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Janneke Balk
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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Zhou Q, Cai Q. The superoxide dismutase genes might be required for appropriate development of the ovule after fertilization in Xanthoceras sorbifolium. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:727-739. [PMID: 29387898 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-018-2263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase genes were expressed differentially along with developmental stages of fertilized ovules in Xanthoceras sorbifolium, and the XsMSD gene silencing resulted in the arrest of fertilized ovule development. A very small percentage of mature fruits (ca. 5%) are produced relative to the number of bisexual flowers in Xanthoceras sorbifolium because seeds and fruits are aborted at early stages of development after pollination. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants are implicated in an extensive range of biological processes, such as programmed cell death and senescence. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity might be required to regulate ROS homeostasis in the fertilized ovules of X. sorbifolium. The present study identified five SOD genes and one SOD copper chaperone gene in the tree. Their transcripts were differentially expressed along different stages of fertilized ovule development. These genes showed maximum expression in the ovules at 3 days after pollination (DAP), a time point in which free nuclear endosperm and nucleus tissues rapidly develop. The XsCSD1, XsFSD1 and XsMSD contained seven, eight, and five introns, respectively. Analysis of the 5'-flanking region of XsFSD1 and XsMSD revealed many cis-acting regulatory elements. Evaluation of XsMSD gene function based on virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) indicated that the gene was closely related to early development of the fertilized ovules and fruits. This study suggested that SOD genes might be closely associated with the fate of ovule development (aborted or viable) after fertilization in X. sorbifolium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Xu Z, Gao L, Tang M, Qu C, Huang J, Wang Q, Yang C, Liu G, Yang C. Genome-wide identification and expression profile analysis of CCH gene family in Populus. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3962. [PMID: 29085758 PMCID: PMC5661435 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper plays key roles in plant physiological activities. To maintain copper cellular homeostasis, copper chaperones have important functions in binding and transporting copper to target proteins. Detailed characterization and function analysis of a copper chaperone, CCH, is presently limited to Arabidopsis. This study reports the identification of 21 genes encoding putative CCH proteins in Populus trichocarpa. Besides sharing the conserved metal-binding motif MXCXXC and forming a βαββαβ secondary structure at the N-terminal, all the PtCCHs possessed the plant-exclusive extended C-terminal. Based on their gene structure, conserved motifs, and phylogenetic analysis, the PtCCHs were divided into three subgroups. Our analysis indicated that whole-genome duplication and tandem duplication events likely contributed to expansion of the CCH gene family in Populus. Tissue-specific data from PlantGenIE revealed that PtCCH genes had broad expression patterns in different tissues. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that PnCCH genes of P. simonii × P. nigra also had different tissue-specific expression traits, as well as different inducible-expression patterns in response to copper stresses (excessive and deficiency). In summary, our study of CCH genes in the Populus genome provides a comprehensive analysis of this gene family, and lays an important foundation for further investigation of their roles in copper homeostasis of poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiru Xu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, HarBin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, HarBin, China
| | - Liying Gao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, HarBin, China
| | - Mengquan Tang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, HarBin, China
| | - Chunpu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, HarBin, China
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, HarBin, China
| | - Jiahuan Huang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, HarBin, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, HarBin, China
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, HarBin, China
| | - Chuanping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, HarBin, China
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, HarBin, China
| | - Guanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, HarBin, China
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, HarBin, China
| | - Chengjun Yang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, HarBin, China
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Zhang H, Yin L, Wang H, Wang G, Ma X, Li M, Wu H, Fu Q, Zhang Y, Yi H. Genome-wide identification of Hami melon miRNAs with putative roles during fruit development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180600. [PMID: 28742088 PMCID: PMC5524408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs represent a family of small endogenous, non-coding RNAs that play critical regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and environmental stress responses. Hami melon is famous for its attractive flavor and excellent nutritional value, however, the mechanisms underlying the fruit development and ripening remains largely unknown. Here, we performed small RNA sequencing to investigate the roles of miRNAs during Hami melon fruit development. Two batches of flesh samples were collected at four fruit development stages. Small RNA sequencing yielded a total of 54,553,424 raw reads from eight libraries. 113 conserved miRNAs belonging to 30 miRNA families and nine novel miRNAs comprising nine miRNA families were identified. The expression of 42 conserved miRNAs and three Hami melon-specific miRNAs significantly changed during fruit development. Furthermore, 484 and 124 melon genes were predicted as putative targets of 29 conserved and nine Hami melon-specific miRNA families, respectively. GO enrichment analysis were performed on target genes, "transcription, DNA-dependent", "rRNA processing", "oxidation reduction", "signal transduction", "regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent", and "metabolic process" were the over-represented biological process terms. Cleavage sites of six target genes were validated using 5' RACE. Our results present a comprehensive set of identification and characterization of Hami melon fruit miRNAs and their potential targets, which provide valuable basis towards understanding the regulatory mechanisms in programmed process of normal Hami fruit development and ripening. Specific miRNAs could be selected for further research and applications in breeding practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lan Yin
- ABLife, Inc., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huaisong Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhi Wang
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xinli Ma
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Meihua Li
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qiushi Fu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- ABLife, Inc., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongping Yi
- Hami Melon Research Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Garcia-Molina A, Altmann M, Alkofer A, Epple PM, Dangl JL, Falter-Braun P. LSU network hubs integrate abiotic and biotic stress responses via interaction with the superoxide dismutase FSD2. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1185-1197. [PMID: 28207043 PMCID: PMC5441861 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In natural environments, plants often experience different stresses simultaneously, and adverse abiotic conditions can weaken the plant immune system. Interactome mapping revealed that the LOW SULPHUR UPREGULATED (LSU) proteins are hubs in an Arabidopsis protein interaction network that are targeted by virulence effectors from evolutionarily diverse pathogens. Here we show that LSU proteins are up-regulated in several abiotic and biotic stress conditions, such as nutrient depletion or salt stress, by both transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Interference with LSU expression prevents chloroplastic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and proper stomatal closure during sulphur stress. We demonstrate that LSU1 interacts with the chloroplastic superoxide dismutase FSD2 and stimulates its enzymatic activity in vivo and in vitro. Pseudomonas syringae virulence effectors interfere with this interaction and preclude re-localization of LSU1 to chloroplasts. We demonstrate that reduced LSU levels cause a moderately enhanced disease susceptibility in plants exposed to abiotic stresses such as nutrient deficiency, high salinity, or heavy metal toxicity, whereas LSU1 overexpression confers significant disease resistance in several of these conditions. Our data suggest that the network hub LSU1 plays an important role in co-ordinating plant immune responses across a spectrum of abiotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Garcia-Molina
- Technische Universität München (TUM), School for Life Sciences Weihenstephan (WZW), Plant Systems Biology, Emil-Ramann-Straße, 4, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Melina Altmann
- Technische Universität München (TUM), School for Life Sciences Weihenstephan (WZW), Plant Systems Biology, Emil-Ramann-Straße, 4, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Angela Alkofer
- Technische Universität München (TUM), School for Life Sciences Weihenstephan (WZW), Plant Systems Biology, Emil-Ramann-Straße, 4, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Petra M Epple
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeffery L Dangl
- BASF Plant Science LP, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Pascal Falter-Braun
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Microbe-Host Interactions, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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