1
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Blackwell AM, Jami-Alahmadi Y, Nasamu AS, Kudo S, Senoo A, Slam C, Tsumoto K, Wohlschlegel JA, Caaveiro JMM, Goldberg DE, Sigala PA. Malaria parasites require a divergent heme oxygenase for apicoplast gene expression and biogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.30.596652. [PMID: 38853871 PMCID: PMC11160694 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.30.596652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Malaria parasites have evolved unusual metabolic adaptations that specialize them for growth within heme-rich human erythrocytes. During blood-stage infection, Plasmodium falciparum parasites internalize and digest abundant host hemoglobin within the digestive vacuole. This massive catabolic process generates copious free heme, most of which is biomineralized into inert hemozoin. Parasites also express a divergent heme oxygenase (HO)-like protein (PfHO) that lacks key active-site residues and has lost canonical HO activity. The cellular role of this unusual protein that underpins its retention by parasites has been unknown. To unravel PfHO function, we first determined a 2.8 Å-resolution X-ray structure that revealed a highly α-helical fold indicative of distant HO homology. Localization studies unveiled PfHO targeting to the apicoplast organelle, where it is imported and undergoes N-terminal processing but retains most of the electropositive transit peptide. We observed that conditional knockdown of PfHO was lethal to parasites, which died from defective apicoplast biogenesis and impaired isoprenoid-precursor synthesis. Complementation and molecular-interaction studies revealed an essential role for the electropositive N-terminus of PfHO, which selectively associates with the apicoplast genome and enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism and gene expression. PfHO knockdown resulted in a specific deficiency in levels of apicoplast-encoded RNA but not DNA. These studies reveal an essential function for PfHO in apicoplast maintenance and suggest that Plasmodium repurposed the conserved HO scaffold from its canonical heme-degrading function in the ancestral chloroplast to fulfill a critical adaptive role in organelle gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Armiyaw S. Nasamu
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Shota Kudo
- Department of Chemistry & Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinobu Senoo
- Department of Protein Drug Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Celine Slam
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Chemistry & Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Jose M. M. Caaveiro
- Department of Chemistry & Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel E. Goldberg
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Paul A. Sigala
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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2
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Yang M, Wan S, Chen J, Chen W, Wang Y, Li W, Wang M, Guan R. Mutation to a cytochrome P 450 -like gene alters the leaf color by affecting the heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis pathways in Brassica napus. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:432-445. [PMID: 37421327 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The regulated biosynthesis of chlorophyll is important because of its effects on plant photosynthesis and dry biomass production. In this study, a map-based cloning approach was used to isolate the cytochrome P450 -like gene BnaC08g34840D (BnCDE1) from a chlorophyll-deficient mutant (cde1) of Brassica napus obtained by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutagenization. Sequence analyses revealed that BnaC08g34840D in the cde1 mutant (BnCDE1I320T ) encodes a substitution at amino acid 320 (Ile320Thr) in the conserved region. The over-expression of BnCDE1I320T in ZS11 (i.e., gene-mapping parent with green leaves) recapitulated a yellow-green leaf phenotype. The CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system was used to design two single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting BnCDE1I320T in the cde1 mutant. The knockout of BnCDE1I320T in the cde1 mutant via a gene-editing method restored normal leaf coloration (i.e., green leaves). These results indicate that the substitution in BnaC08g34840D alters the leaf color. Physiological analyses showed that the over-expression of BnCDE1I320T leads to decreases in the number of chloroplasts per mesophyll cell and in the contents of the intermediates of the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway in leaves, while it increases heme biosynthesis, thereby lowering the photosynthetic efficiency of the cde1 mutant. The Ile320Thr mutation in the highly conserved region of BnaC08g34840D inhibited chlorophyll biosynthesis and disrupted the balance between heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Our findings may further reveal how the proper balance between the chlorophyll and heme biosynthesis pathways is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shubei Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wenjing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yangming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weiyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Meihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Rongzhan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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3
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Gururani MA. Photobiotechnology for abiotic stress resilient crops: Recent advances and prospects. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20158. [PMID: 37810087 PMCID: PMC10559926 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Massive crop failures worldwide are caused by abiotic stress. In plants, adverse environmental conditions cause extensive damage to the overall physiology and agronomic yield at various levels. Phytochromes are photosensory phosphoproteins that absorb red (R)/far red (FR) light and play critical roles in different physiological and biochemical responses to light. Considering the role of phytochrome in essential plant developmental processes, genetically manipulating its expression offers a promising approach to crop improvement. Through modulated phytochrome-mediated signalling pathways, plants can become more resistant to environmental stresses by increasing photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant activity, and expression of genes associated with stress resistance. Plant growth and development in adverse environments can be improved by understanding the roles of phytochromes in stress tolerance characteristics. A comprehensive overview of recent findings regarding the role of phytochromes in modulating abiotic stress by discussing biochemical and molecular aspects of these mechanisms of photoreceptors is offered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Anand Gururani
- Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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4
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Feng L, Wei L, Liu Y, Ren J, Liao W. Carbon monoxide/heme oxygenase system in plant: Roles in abiotic stress response and crosstalk with other signals molecules. Nitric Oxide 2023; 138-139:51-63. [PMID: 37364740 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) has been recognized as a crucial gasotransmitter mainly produced by heme oxygenase (HO)-catalyzed heme degradation in plant. Recent studies have shown that CO plays an important role in regulating growth and development of plant, as well as and responding to a variety of abiotic stresses. Meanwhile, many studies have reported on CO working in combination with other signal molecules to mitigate abiotic stress. Here, we presented a comprehensive overview of recent developments in which CO reduces plant damage caused by abiotic stresses. The regulation of antioxidant system, photosynthetic system, ion balance and transport are the main mechanisms of CO-alleviated abiotic stress. We also proposed and discussed the relationship between CO and other signal molecules, including nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen gas (H2), abscisic acid (ABA), indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), cytokine (CTK), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and calcium ion (Ca2+). Furthermore, the important role of HO genes in alleviating abiotic stress was also discussed. We proposed promising and new research directions for the study of plant CO, which can provide further insights on the role of CO in plant growth and development under abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Lijuan Wei
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yayu Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Jiaxuan Ren
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Weibiao Liao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, 1 Yinmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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5
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Mérai Z, Xu F, Musilek A, Ackerl F, Khalil S, Soto-Jiménez LM, Lalatović K, Klose C, Tarkowská D, Turečková V, Strnad M, Mittelsten Scheid O. Phytochromes mediate germination inhibition under red, far-red, and white light in Aethionema arabicum. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1584-1602. [PMID: 36861637 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The view on the role of light during seed germination stems mainly from studies with Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), where light is required to initiate this process. In contrast, white light is a strong inhibitor of germination in other plants, exemplified by accessions of Aethionema arabicum, another member of Brassicaceae. Their seeds respond to light with gene expression changes of key regulators converse to that of Arabidopsis, resulting in opposite hormone regulation and prevention of germination. However, the photoreceptors involved in this process in A. arabicum remain unknown. Here, we screened a mutant collection of A. arabicum and identified koy-1, a mutant that lost light inhibition of germination due to a deletion in the promoter of HEME OXYGENASE 1, the gene for a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of the phytochrome chromophore. koy-1 seeds were unresponsive to red- and far-red light and hyposensitive under white light. Comparison of hormone and gene expression between wild type and koy-1 revealed that very low light fluence stimulates germination, while high irradiance of red and far-red light is inhibitory, indicating a dual role of phytochromes in light-regulated seed germination. The mutation also affects the ratio between the 2 fruit morphs of A. arabicum, suggesting that light reception via phytochromes can fine-tune several parameters of propagation in adaptation to conditions in the habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Mérai
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Fei Xu
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Andreas Musilek
- Technical University of Vienna, TRIGA Center Atominstitut, Vienna 1020, Austria
| | - Florian Ackerl
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Sarhan Khalil
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Luz Mayela Soto-Jiménez
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Katarina Lalatović
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Cornelia Klose
- Institute of Biology II, University of Freiburg, Freiburg D-79104, Germany
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Turečková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Olomouc CZ-78371, Czech Republic
| | - Ortrun Mittelsten Scheid
- Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna 1030, Austria
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6
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Kircher S, Schopfer P. Photosynthetic sucrose drives the lateral root clock in Arabidopsis seedlings. Curr Biol 2023:S0960-9822(23)00543-2. [PMID: 37207646 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of plant roots is subject to control by light. Here, we show that, similar to monotonous root elongation, the periodic induction of lateral roots (LRs) depends on the activation by light of photomorphogenic and photosynthetic photoreceptors in the shoot in a hierarchical order. The prevailing belief is that the plant hormone auxin serves as a mobile signal transmitter, responsible for interorgan communication, including light-controlled shoot-to-root connections. Alternatively, it has been proposed that the transcription factor HY5 assumes the role as a mobile shoot-to-root signal transmitter. Here, we provide evidence that photosynthetic sucrose produced in the shoot acts as the long-distance signal carrier regulating the local, tryptophan-based biosynthesis of auxin in the LR generation zone of the primary root tip, where the LR clock controls the pace of LR initiation in an auxin-tunable manner. Synchronization of LR formation with primary root elongation allows the adjustment of overall root growth to the photosynthetic performance of the shoot and the maintenance of a constant LR density during light-dark changes in a variable light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kircher
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Schopfer
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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7
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Stevenson DK, Vreman HJ, Wong RJ. Heme, Heme Oxygenase-1, Statins, and SARS-CoV-2. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030614. [PMID: 36978862 PMCID: PMC10044896 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heme, a metalloporphyrin, or more specifically, a tetrapyrrole containing ferrous iron, is an ancient molecule [...]
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8
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Cao X, Wei J, Ge H, Guan D, Zheng Y, Meng X, Qian K, Wang J. Molecular Characterization of Spodoptera frugiperda Heme Oxygenase and Its Involvement in Susceptibility to Chlorantraniliprole. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2313-2321. [PMID: 36705998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian heme oxygenase (HO) plays an important role in cytoprotection against oxidative-stress-induced cell damage; however, functional characterization of insect HO is still limited. In this study, cDNA encoding a HO, named SfHO, was cloned from Spodoptera frugiperda. Analysis of the transcription level and enzymatic activity showed that exposure of the LC30 concentration of chlorantraniliprole to the third instar larvae significantly upregulated both the mRNA level and enzymatic activity of SfHO at 24 h after treatment. Further injection of the HO activator, hemin, into the third instar larvae led to the upregulation of SfHO as well as decreased susceptibility of S. frugiperda to chlorantraniliprole. Consistently, overexpression of SfHO increased the Sf9 cell viability under chlorantraniliprole treatment. Strikingly, both RNAi and the dual-luciferase reporter assay in Sf9 cells revealed that, unlike mammalian HO that is regulated by the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), SfHO was not subject to the regulation by cap 'n' collar isoform C (CncC), the Nrf2 homologue in insects. These data provide insights into the function and regulatory mechanism of insect HOs and had applied implications for the control of S. frugiperda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Cao
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaping Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Huichen Ge
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Daojie Guan
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zheng
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangkun Meng
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, People's Republic of China
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9
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Auxin induces lateral root formation in Bupleurum: A heme oxygenase dependent approach. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2023; 15:57-62. [PMID: 36875427 PMCID: PMC9975617 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The content of saikosaponins in genus Bupleurum is increased with numbers of lateral root, but the genetic mechanisms are largely unknown. This study aims to identify the heme oxygenase (HO) gene family members of B. chinense and B. scorzonerifolium, and assess their role in the root development in Bupleurum. Methods The gene sequences of HO family were selected from iso-seq full-length transcriptome data of B. chinense and B. scorzonerifolium, and were analyzed in physicochemical properties, conserved domains, motifs and phylogenetic relationship. In addition, the expression patterns of HO gene in different parts of roots were compared via transcriptome sequencing and qRT-PCR in the two species. Results Five Bupleurum HO genes (BcHO1-BcHO5) belonging to the HO1 subfamily were identified from the transcriptome data, whereas the HO2 subfamily member was not identified. The expression levels of BcHO1 and BcHO2 were significantly higher than those of other three HO members in the transcriptome analysis. In addition, the expression profile of BcHO1 showed consistency with lateral root development in B. chinense and B. scorzonerifolium. Conclusion Hos might participate in the auxin-induced morphogenesis of lateral roots. The yield of saikosaponin may be improved by manipulating expression of these genes.
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10
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Weng X, Zhu L, Yu S, Liu Y, Ru Y, Zhang Z, He Z, Zhou L, Chen X. Carbon monoxide promotes stomatal initiation by regulating the expression of two EPF genes in Arabidopsis cotyledons. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1029703. [PMID: 36438138 PMCID: PMC9691970 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1029703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The gaseous molecule carbon monoxide (CO) can freely pass through the cell membrane and participate in signal transduction in the cell to regulate physiological activities in plants. Here, we report that CO has a positive regulatory role in stomatal development. Exogenous CO donor CORM-2 [Tricarbonyldichlororuthenium (II) dimer] treatment resulted in an increase of stomatal index (SI) on the abaxial epidermis of cotyledons in wild-type, which can be reversed by the addition of the CO biosynthesis inhibitor ZnPPIX [Protoporphyrin IX zinc (II)]. Consistent with this result, mutation of the CO biosynthesis gene HY1 resulted in a decrease of SI in hy1-100 plants, while overexpression of HY1 led to an increase of SI. Further investigation revealed that CO acts upstream of SPCH and YDA in the stomatal development pathway, since the loss of function mutants spch-1 and yda-2 were insensitive to CORM-2. The expression of EPF2 was inhibited by CORM-2 treatment in wild type and is lower in hy1 than in wild-type plants. In contrast, the expression of STOMAGEN was promoted by CORM-2 treatment and is higher in HY1-overexpression lines. Loss of function mutants of both epf2 and stomagen are insensitive to CORM-2 treatment. These results indicated that CO positively regulates stomatal initiation and distribution by modulating the expression of EPF2 and STOMAGEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Weng
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanyu Ru
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhaorong He
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaolan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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11
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Wang J, Li X, Chang JW, Ye T, Mao Y, Wang X, Liu L. Enzymological and structural characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana heme oxygenase-1. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1677-1687. [PMID: 35689519 PMCID: PMC9433822 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana heme oxygenase‐1 (AtHO‐1), a metabolic enzyme in the heme degradation pathway, serves as a prototype for study of the bilin‐related functions in plants. Past biological analyses revealed that AtHO‐1 requires ferredoxin‐NADP+ reductase (FNR) and ferredoxin for its enzymatic activity. Here, we characterized the binding and degradation of heme by AtHO‐1, and found that ferredoxin is a dispensable component of the reducing system that provides electrons for heme oxidation. Furthermore, we reported the crystal structure of heme‐bound AtHO‐1, which demonstrates both conserved and previously undescribed features of plant heme oxygenases. Finally, the electron transfer pathway from FNR to AtHO‐1 is suggested based on the known structural information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Tong Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Mao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
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12
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Huang J, Bao M, Li J, Chen H, Xu D, Chen Z, Wen Y. Enantioselective Response of Wheat Seedlings to Imazethapyr: From the Perspective of Fe and the Secondary Metabolite DIMBOA. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5516-5525. [PMID: 35476430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The responses of trace elements and secondary metabolites to stress can reflect plant adaptation to the environment. If and how the imperative trace element Fe and the defensive secondary metabolite 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazine-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA) mediate the toxicity of chiral herbicides to nontarget plants remains inconclusive. We found that the herbicidal-active imazethapyr enantiomer [(R)-IM] stimulated heme oxygenase-1 activity, triggered the release of the catalytic product Fe2+, increased reactive oxygen species production, decreased the DIMBOA content, and increased the DIMBOA-Fe content. XAFS analyses and in vitro Fenton assays demonstrated that DIMBOA could relieve phytotoxicity by chelating excessive Fe3+ to restore Fe homeostasis. The free radical scavenging ability of the chelate of DIMBOA and Fe was also involved. This work refines the dual role of DIMBOA and Fe in mediating the enantioselective phytotoxicity of chiral herbicides, which provides a new direction for improving the herbicide resistance of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinye Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Manxin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Zunwei Chen
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard University T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Yuezhong Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation & Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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13
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Singh N, Bhatla SC. Heme oxygenase-nitric oxide crosstalk-mediated iron homeostasis in plants under oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:192-205. [PMID: 35247570 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth under abiotic stress conditions significantly enhances intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative status of plant cells is directly affected by the modulation of iron homeostasis. Among mammals and plants, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a well-known antioxidant enzyme. It catalyzes oxygenation of heme, thereby producing Fe2+, CO and biliverdin as byproducts. The antioxidant potential of HO-1 is primarily due to its catalytic reaction byproducts. Biliverdin and bilirubin possess conjugated π-electrons which escalate the ability of these biomolecules to scavenge free radicals. CO also enhances the ROS scavenging ability of plants cells by upregulating catalase and peroxidase activity. Enhanced expression of HO-1 in plants under oxidative stress accompanies sequestration of iron in specialized iron storage proteins localized in plastids and mitochondria, namely ferritin for Fe3+ storage and frataxin for storage of Fe-S clusters, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO) crosstalks with HO-1 at multiple levels, more so in plants under oxidative stress, in order to maintain intracellular iron status. Formation of dinitrosyl-iron complexes (DNICs) significantly prevents Fenton reaction during oxidative stress. DNICs also release NO upon dissociation in target cells over long distance in plants. They also function as antioxidants against superoxide anions and lipidic free radicals. A number of NO-modulated transcription factors also facilitate iron homeostasis in plant cells. Plants facing oxidative stress exhibit modulation of lateral root formation by HO-1 through NO and auxin-dependent pathways. The present review provides an in-depth analysis of the structure-function relationship of HO-1 in plants and mammals, correlating them with their adaptive mechanisms of survival under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singh
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, India.
| | - Satish C Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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14
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Lana LG, de Araújo LM, Silva TF, Modolo LV. Interplay between gasotransmitters and potassium is a K +ey factor during plant response to abiotic stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:322-332. [PMID: 34837865 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are gasotransmitters known for their roles in plant response to (a)biotic stresses. The crosstalk between these gasotransmitters and potassium ions (K+) has received considerable attention in recent years, particularly due to the dual role of K+ as an essential mineral nutrient and a promoter of plant tolerance to abiotic stress. This review brings together what it is known about the interplay among NO, CO, H2S and K+ in plants with focus on the response to high salinity. Some findings obtained for plants under water deficit and metal stress are also presented and discussed since both abiotic stresses share similarities with salt stress. The molecular targets of the gasotransmitters NO, CO and H2S in root and guard cells that drive plant tolerance to salt stress are highlighted as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luísa Gouveia Lana
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lara Matos de Araújo
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thamara Ferreira Silva
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luzia Valentina Modolo
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
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15
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Duan X, Xu S, Xie Y, Li L, Qi W, Parizot B, Zhang Y, Chen T, Han Y, Van Breusegem F, Beeckman T, Shen W, Xuan W. Periodic root branching is influenced by light through an HY1-HY5-auxin pathway. Curr Biol 2021; 31:3834-3847.e5. [PMID: 34283998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The spacing of lateral roots (LRs) along the main root in plants is driven by an oscillatory signal, often referred to as the "root clock" that represents a pre-patterning mechanism that can be influenced by environmental signals. Light is an important environmental factor that has been previously reported to be capable of modulating the root clock, although the effect of light signaling on the LR pre-patterning has not yet been fully investigated. In this study, we reveal that light can activate the transcription of a photomorphogenic gene HY1 to maintain high frequency and amplitude of the oscillation signal, leading to the repetitive formation of pre-branch sites. By grafting and tissue-specific complementation experiments, we demonstrated that HY1 generated in the shoot or locally in xylem pole pericycle cells was sufficient to regulate LR branching. We further found that HY1 can induce the expression of HY5 and its homolog HYH, and act as a signalosome to modulate the intracellular localization and expression of auxin transporters, in turn promoting auxin accumulation in the oscillation zone to stimulate LR branching. These fundamental mechanistic insights improve our understanding of the molecular basis of light-controlled LR formation and provide a genetic interconnection between shoot- and root-derived signals in regulating periodic LR branching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Duan
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sheng Xu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuanming Xie
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lun Li
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Weicong Qi
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Boris Parizot
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yonghong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicinal Plant, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Yi Han
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, PR China
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wei Xuan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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16
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Nie L, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Wu Y, Zhu S, Hou J, Chen G, Tang X, Wang C, Yuan L. Characterization and transcriptomic analysis of a novel yellow-green leaf wucai (Brassica campestris L.) germplasm. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:258. [PMID: 33845769 PMCID: PMC8040211 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf color mutants are the ideal materials to explore the pathways of chlorophyll (Chl) metabolism, chloroplast development, and photosynthesis system. In this study, a spontaneous yellow-green leaf wucai (Brassica campestris L.) mutant "WY16-13" was identified, which exhibited yellow-green leaf color during its entire growth period. However, current understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying Chl metabolism and chloroplast development of "WY16-13" is limited. RESULTS Total Chl and carotenoid content in WY16-13 was reduced by 60.92 and 58.82%, respectively, as compared with its wild type parental line W16-13. Electron microscopic investigation revealed fewer chloroplasts per cell and looser stroma lamellae in WY16-13 than in W16-13. A comparative transcriptome profiling was performed using leaves from the yellow-green leaf type (WY16-13) and normal green-leaf type (W16-13). A total of 54.12 million (M) (WY16-13) and 56.17 M (W16-13) reads were generated. A total of 40,578 genes were identified from the mapped libraries. We identified 3882 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in WY16-13 compared with W16-13 (i.e., 1603 upregulated genes and 2279 downregulated genes). According to the Gene Ontology (GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, these DEGs are involved in porphyrin and Chl metabolism [i.e., chlorophyllase (CLH), heme oxygenase (HO), chlorophyll (ide) b reductase (NYC), and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) genes], carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis, and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. Moreover, deficiency in Chl biosynthetic intermediates in WY16-13 revealed that the formation of the yellow-green phenotype was related to the disorder of heme metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide valuable insights into Chl deficiency in the yellow-green leaf mutant and a bioinformatics resource for further functional identification of key allelic genes responsible for differences in Chl content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Nie
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yushan Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Liting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Wu
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Shidong Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China
| | - Jinfeng Hou
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China
| | - Guohu Chen
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Chenggang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China.
| | - Lingyun Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China.
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17
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Wang J, Guo Q, Li X, Wang X, Liu L. The Arabidopsis locus AT3G03890 encodes a dimeric β-barrel protein implicated in heme degradation. Biochem J 2020; 477:BCJ20200712. [PMID: 33284325 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Plant tetrapyrroles, including heme and bilins, are synthesized in plastids. Heme oxygenase (HO) catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of heme to the linear tetrapyrrole biliverdin as the initial step in bilin biosynthesis. Besides the canonical α-helical HO that is conserved from prokaryotes to human, a subfamily of non-canonical dimeric β-barrel HO has been found in bacteria. In this work, we discovered that the Arabidopsis locus AT3G03890 encodes a dimeric β-barrel protein that is structurally related to the putative non-canonical HO and is located in chloroplasts. The recombinant protein was able to bind and degrade heme in a manner different from known HO proteins. Crystal structure of the heme-protein complex reveals that the heme-binding site is in the interdimer interface and the heme iron is coordinated by a fixed water molecule. Our results identify a new protein that may function additionally in the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qi Guo
- Institute of Botany, Chinease Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Institute of Botany, Chinease Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Lin Liu
- Anhui University, Hefei, China
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18
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Zheng T, Wang M, Zhan J, Sun W, Yang Q, Lin Z, Bu T, Tang Z, Li C, Yan J, Shan Z, Chen H. Ferrous iron-induced increases in capitate glandular trichome density and upregulation of CbHO-1 contributes to increases in blinin content in Conyza blinii. PLANTA 2020; 252:81. [PMID: 33037484 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ferrous iron can promote the development of glandular trichomes and increase the content of blinin, which depends on CbHO-1 expression. Conyza blinii (C. blinii) is a unique Chinese herbal medicine that grows in Sichuan Province, China. Because the habitat of C. blinii is an iron ore mining area with abundant iron content, this species can be used as one of the best materials to study the mechanism of plant tolerance to iron. In this study, C. blinii was treated with ferrous-EDTA solutions at different concentrations, and it was found that the tolerance value of C. blinii to iron was 200 μM. Under this concentration, the plant height, root length, biomass, and iron content of C. blinii increased to the maximum values, and the effect was dependent on the upregulated expression of CbHO-1. At the same time, under ferrous iron, the photosynthetic capacity and capitate glandular trichome density of C. blinii also significantly increased, providing precursors and sites for the synthesis of blinin, thus significantly increasing the content of blinin. These processes were also dependent on the high expression of CbHO-1. Correlation analysis showed that there were strong positive correlations between iron content, capitate glandular trichome density, CbHO-1 gene expression, and blinin content. This study explored the effects of ferrous iron on the physiology and biochemistry of C. blinii, greatly improving our understanding of the mechanism of iron tolerance in C. blinii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianrun Zheng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Maojia Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Junyi Zhan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Qin Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhiyi Lin
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Tongliang Bu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zizhong Tang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Chenglei Li
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs, School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi Shan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China.
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19
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Sylvestre-Gonon E, Schwartz M, Girardet JM, Hecker A, Rouhier N. Is there a role for tau glutathione transferases in tetrapyrrole metabolism and retrograde signalling in plants? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190404. [PMID: 32362257 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants, tetrapyrrole biosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts, the reactions being catalysed by stromal and membrane-bound enzymes. The tetrapyrrole moiety is a backbone for chlorophylls and cofactors such as sirohaems, haems and phytochromobilins. Owing to this diversity, the potential cytotoxicity of some precursors and the associated synthesis costs, a tight control exists to adjust the demand and the fluxes for each molecule. After synthesis, haems and phytochromobilins are incorporated into proteins found in other subcellular compartments. However, there is only very limited information about the chaperones and membrane transporters involved in the trafficking of these molecules. After summarizing evidence indicating that glutathione transferases (GST) may be part of the transport and/or degradation processes of porphyrin derivatives, we provide experimental data indicating that tau glutathione transferases (GSTU) bind protoporphyrin IX and haem moieties and use structural modelling to identify possible residues responsible for their binding in the active site hydrophobic pocket. Finally, we discuss the possible roles associated with the binding, catalytic transformation (i.e. glutathione conjugation) and/or transport of tetrapyrroles by GSTUs, considering their subcellular localization and capacity to interact with ABC transporters. This article is part of the theme issue 'Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Arnaud Hecker
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, IAM, 54000 Nancy, France
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20
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Zhang K, Mu Y, Li W, Shan X, Wang N, Feng H. Identification of two recessive etiolation genes (py1, py2) in pakchoi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:68. [PMID: 32041529 PMCID: PMC7011377 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2271-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf color is a major agronomic trait, which has a strong influence on crop yields. Isolating leaf color mutants can represent valuable materials for research in chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis and metabolism regulation. RESULTS In this study, we identified a stably inherited yellow leaf mutant derived from 'Huaguan' pakchoi variety via isolated microspore culture and designated as pylm. This mutant displayed yellow leaves after germination. Its etiolated phenotype was nonlethal and stable during the whole growth period. Its growth was weak and its hypocotyls were markedly elongated. Genetic analysis revealed that two recessive nuclear genes, named py1 and py2, are responsible for the etiolation phenotype. Bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR-Seq) showed that py1 and py2 were mapped on chromosomes A09 and A07, respectively. The genes were single Mendelian factors in F3:4 populations based on a 3:1 phenotypic segregation ratio. The py1 was localized to a 258.3-kb interval on a 34-gene genome. The differentially expressed gene BraA09004189 was detected in the py1 mapping region and regulated heme catabolism. One single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of BraA09004189 occurred in pylm. A candidate gene-specific SNP marker in 1520 F3:4 yellow-colored individuals co-segregated with py1. For py2, 1860 recessive homozygous F3:4 individuals were investigated and localized py2 to a 4.4-kb interval. Of the five genes in this region, BraA07001774 was predicted as a candidate for py2. It encoded an embryo defective 1187 and a phosphotransferase related to chlorophyll deficiency and hypocotyl elongation. One SNP of BraA07001774 occurred in pylm. It caused a single amino acid mutation from Asp to Asn. According to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), BraA07001774 was downregulated in pylm. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified a Chl deficiency mutant pylm in pakchoi. Two recessive nuclear genes named py1 and py2 had a significant effect on etiolation. Candidate genes regulating etiolation were identified as BraA09004189 and BraA07001774, respectively. These findings will elucidate chlorophyll metabolism and the molecular mechanisms of the gene interactions controlling pakchoi etiolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Mu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijia Li
- Institute of Carbon Materials Science, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Shan
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Kolupaev YE, Karpets YV, Beschasniy SP, Dmitriev AP. Gasotransmitters and Their Role in Adaptive Reactions of Plant Cells. CYTOL GENET+ 2019. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452719050098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Mulaudzi-Masuku T, Ikebudu V, Muthevhuli M, Faro A, Gehring CA, Iwuoha E. Characterization and Expression Analysis of Heme Oxygenase Genes from Sorghum bicolor. Bioinform Biol Insights 2019; 13:1177932219860813. [PMID: 31320797 PMCID: PMC6628516 DOI: 10.1177/1177932219860813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenases (HOs) have a major role in phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis, and chromophores in turn have anti-oxidant properties. Plant heme oxygenases are divided into the HO1 sub-family comprising HO1, HO3, and HO4, and the HO2 sub-family, which consists of 1 member, HO2. This study identified and characterized 4 heme oxygenase members from Sorghum bicolor. Multiple sequence alignments showed that the heme oxygenase signature motif (QAFICHFYNI/V) is conserved across all SbHO proteins and that they share above 90% sequence identity with other cereals. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that SbHO genes were expressed in leaves, stems, and roots, but most importantly their transcript level was induced by osmotic stress, indicating that they might play a role in stress responses. These findings will strengthen our understanding of the role of heme oxygenases in plant stress responses and may contribute to the development of stress tolerant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian Ikebudu
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Mpho Muthevhuli
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Andrew Faro
- Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Christoph A Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology & Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emmanuel Iwuoha
- SensorLab, Department of Chemistry, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
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23
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Rao Y, Xu N, Li S, Hu J, Jiao R, Hu P, Lin H, Lu C, Lin X, Dai Z, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Wang Y. PE-1, Encoding Heme Oxygenase 1, Impacts Heading Date and Chloroplast Development in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:7249-7257. [PMID: 31244201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The duration of the rice growth phase has always been an important target trait. The identification of mutations in rice that alter these processes and result in a shorter growth phase could have potential benefits for crop production. In this study, we isolated an early aging rice mutant, pe-1, with light green leaves, using γ-mutated indica rice cultivar and subsequent screening methods, which is known as the phytochrome synthesis factor Se5 that controls rice flowering. The pe-1 plant is accompanied by a decreased chlorophyll content, an enhanced photosynthesis, and a decreased pollen fertility. PE-1, a close homologue of HY1, is localized in the chloroplast. Expression pattern analysis indicated that PE-1 was mainly expressed in roots, stems, leaves, leaf sheaths, and young panicles. The knockout of PE-1 using the CRISPR/Cas9 system decreased the chlorophyll content and downregulated the expression of PE-1-related genes. Furthermore, the chloroplasts of pe-1 were filled with many large-sized starch grains, and the number of osmiophilic granules (a chloroplast lipid reservoir) was significantly decreased. Altogether, our findings suggest that PE-1 functions as a master regulator to mediate in chlorophyll biosynthesis and photosynthetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Rao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Na Xu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Sanfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology , China National Rice Research Institute , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Hu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Jiao
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology , China National Rice Research Institute , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Han Lin
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Caolin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology , China National Rice Research Institute , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Lin
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yilan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences , Zhejiang Normal University , Jinhua , Zhejiang 321004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology , China National Rice Research Institute , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310006 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology , China National Rice Research Institute , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310006 , People's Republic of China
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Singh N, Bhatla SC, Demidchik V. Plants and human beings engage similar molecular crosstalk with nitric oxide under stress conditions. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2019; 46:695-701. [PMID: 31029180 DOI: 10.1071/fp19018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Human beings and plants experience a variety of stress conditions and adapt themselves through novel molecular crosstalk in their cellular constituents. Nitric oxide (NO), haemoglobin and melatonin interact with each other not only in blood stream of human beings, but also in the cells and metabolically active conducting strands of plants. Specialised sites of biosynthesis and differential intracellular spatial distribution of these molecules have been clearly demonstrated by the authors in plant systems. This has led to an understanding of the role of these molecules under salt stress conditions experienced by plants: NO is a modulator of enzyme activity through S-nitrosylation and tyrosine nitration, haemoglobin (phytoglobin) is an NO scavenger, and melatonin is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger involved in key crosstalk in both plants and humans facing stress. Our recent work on heme oxygenase (HO) activity modulation by stress in plants, and its interaction with NO, further demonstrates common features of molecular crosstalk in protecting plants and human beings from stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singh
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Satish C Bhatla
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India; and Corresponding author.
| | - Vadim Demidchik
- Department of Plant Cell Biology and Bioengineering, Biological Faculty, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
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Itoh H, Tanaka Y, Izawa T. Genetic Relationship Between Phytochromes and OsELF3-1 Reveals the Mode of Regulation for the Suppression of Phytochrome Signaling in Rice. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:549-561. [PMID: 30476313 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3) functions as a night-time repressor required for sustaining circadian rhythms and co-ordinating growth and development in various plant species. The rice genome carries two ELF3 homologs, namely OsELF3-1 and OsELF3-2. Previous studies have suggested that OsELF3-1 has a predominant role in controlling rice photoperiodic flowering, while also contributing to the transcriptional regulation of rice floral regulators expressed in the morning. However, OsELF3-1 has not been functionally characterized. Here, we observed that the oself3-1 mutation suppresses the photoperiod-insensitive early flowering of photoperiod sensitivity5 (se5), which is a chromophore-deficient rice mutant. Detailed analyses of the se5oself3-1 double mutant revealed the recovery of the phytochrome-dependent expression of Grain number, plant height, and heading date7 (Ghd7), a floral repressor, and Light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein (Lhcb) genes. Although the oself3-1 mutation recovered Ghd7 expression in the se5 background, there was a lack of Ghd7 expression in the phyAphyBphyC triple mutant background. These observations suggest that OsELF3-1 represses Ghd7 expression by inhibiting the phytochrome signaling pathway. Comparative genome analyses indicated that OsELF3-1 was produced via gene duplication events in Oryza species, and that it is expressed throughout the day. A comparison between the oself3-1 mutant and transgenic rice lines in which OsELF3-1 and OsELF3-2 are simultaneously silenced uncovered a role for OsELF3-1 in addition to the canonical ELF3 function as an evolutionarily conserved role for a night-time repressor that regulates the rice circadian clock. Our study confirmed that an ELF3 paralog, OsELF3-1, had a unique role involving the suppression of phytochrome signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Itoh
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Institute of Crop Science, NARO (NICS), Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Japan
- Functional Plant Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Kannondai, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuri Tanaka
- Functional Plant Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Kannondai, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Functional Plant Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), Kannondai, Tsukuba, Japan
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Tokyo, Faculty of Agriculture, Bunkyo-ku, Yayoi 1-1-1, Tokyo, Japan
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Liu Y, Wang J, Yin H, Zhang A, Huang S, Wang TJ, Meng Q, Nan N, Wu Y, Guo P, Ahmad R, Liu B, Xu ZY. Trithorax-group protein ATX5 mediates the glucose response via impacting the HY1-ABI4 signaling module. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 98:495-506. [PMID: 30406469 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0791-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Trithorax-group Protein ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX5 modulates the glucose response. Glucose is an evolutionarily conserved modulator from unicellular microorganisms to multicellular animals and plants. Extensive studies have shown that the Trithorax-group proteins (TrxGs) play essential roles in different biological processes by affecting histone modifications and chromatin structures. However, whether TrxGs function in the glucose response and how they achieve the control of target genes in response to glucose signaling in plants remain unknown. Here, we show that the Trithorax-group Protein ARABIDOPSIS TRITHORAX5 (ATX5) affects the glucose response and signaling. atx5 loss-of-function mutants display glucose-oversensitive phenotypes compared to the wild-type (WT). Genome-wide RNA-sequencing analyses have revealed that ATX5 impacts the expression of a subset of glucose signaling responsive genes. Intriguingly, we have established that ATX5 directly controls the expression of HY1 by trimethylating H3 lysine 4 of the Arabidopsis Heme Oxygenase1 (HY1) locus. Glucose signaling causes the suppression of ATX5 activity and subsequently reduces the H3K4me3 levels at the HY1 locus, thereby leading to the increased expression of ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4). This result suggests that an important ATX5-HY1-ABI4 regulatory module governs the glucose response. This idea is further supported by genetic evidence showing that an atx5 hy1-100 abi4 triple mutant showed a similar glucose-insensitive phenotype as compared to that of the abi4 single mutant. Our findings show that a novel ATX5-HY1-ABI4 module controls the glucose response in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuangzhan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxiang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Nan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Rafiq Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zheng-Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, People's Republic of China.
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Jia Y, Li R, Yang W, Chen Z, Hu X. Carbon monoxide signal regulates light-initiated seed germination by suppressing SOM expression. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 272:88-98. [PMID: 29807609 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Light is a critical external signal for seed germination. The photoreceptor phytochrome B (PHYB) perceives light stimulation and promotes seed germination during the early phase after imbibition. SOM is a CCH-type zinc finger protein and negatively regulates PHYB-mediated seed germination by controlling downstream gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism. As a small molecular signal, carbon monoxide (CO) has been reported to regulate seed germination under environmental stress, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we first found that CO enhanced PHYB-dependent seed germination, and red light irradiation increased the transcriptional level of gene encoding Heme oxygenase 1(HY1) for CO production, this process required PHYB. Pharmacological and genetic analyses revealed that CO signals repressed the transcriptional level of SOM to alter downstream GA/ABA metabolism related genes expression, ultimately relieving the inhibitory effect of SOM on seed germination. Furthermore, CO signals possibly recruited histone deacetylase 6 (HDA6) to the promoter region of SOM to decrease its expression by diminishing histone H3 acetylation levels at this locus. Taken together, our results propose a novel mechanism for CO signals in promoting light-initiated seed germination via recruiting HDA6 to epigenetically regulate SOM expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ruijing Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiangyang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Cho CH, Choi JW, Lam DW, Kim KM, Yoon HS. Plastid genome analysis of three Nemaliophycidae red algal species suggests environmental adaptation for iron limited habitats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196995. [PMID: 29738547 PMCID: PMC5940233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The red algal subclass Nemaliophycidae includes both marine and freshwater taxa that contribute to more than half of the freshwater species in Rhodophyta. Given that these taxa inhabit diverse habitats, the Nemaliophycidae is a suitable model for studying environmental adaptation. For this purpose, we characterized plastid genomes of two freshwater species, Kumanoa americana (Batrachospermales) and Thorea hispida (Thoreales), and one marine species Palmaria palmata (Palmariales). Comparative genome analysis identified seven genes (ycf34, ycf35, ycf37, ycf46, ycf91, grx, and pbsA) that were different among marine and freshwater species. Among currently available red algal plastid genomes (127), four genes (pbsA, ycf34, ycf35, ycf37) were retained in most of the marine species. Among these, the pbsA gene, known for encoding heme oxygenase, had two additional copies (HMOX1 and HMOX2) that were newly discovered and were reported from previously red algal nuclear genomes. Each type of heme oxygenase had a different evolutionary history and special modifications (e.g., plastid targeting signal peptide). Based on this observation, we suggest that the plastid-encoded pbsA contributes to the iron controlling system in iron-deprived conditions. Thus, we highlight that this functional requirement may have prevented gene loss during the long evolutionary history of red algal plastid genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung Hyun Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Won Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Daryl W. Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kyeong Mi Kim
- Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Korea
| | - Hwan Su Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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29
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Mahawar L, Shekhawat GS. Haem oxygenase: A functionally diverse enzyme of photosynthetic organisms and its role in phytochrome chromophore biosynthesis, cellular signalling and defence mechanisms. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:483-500. [PMID: 29220548 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Haem oxygenase (HO) is a universal enzyme that catalyses stereospecific cleavage of haem to BV IX α and liberates Fe+2 ion and CO as by-product. Beside haem degradation, it has important functions in plants that include cellular defence, stomatal regulation, iron mobilization, phytochrome chromophore synthesis, and lateral root formation. Phytochromes are an extended family of photoreceptors with a molecular mass of 250 kDa and occur as a dimer made up of 2 equivalent subunits of 125 kDa each. Each subunit is made of two components: the chromophore, a light-capturing pigment molecule and the apoprotein. Biosynthesis of phytochrome (phy) chromophore includes the oxidative splitting of haem to biliverdin IX by an enzyme HO, which is the decisive step in the biosynthesis. In photosynthetic organisms, BVα is reduced to 3Z PΦB by a ferredoxin-dependent PΦB synthase that finally isomerised to PΦB. The synthesized PΦB assembles with the phytochrome apoprotein in the cytoplasm to generate holophytochrome. Thus, necessary for photomorphogenesis in plants, which has confirmed from the genetic studies, conducted on Arabidopsis thaliana and pea. Besides the phytochrome chromophore synthesis, the review also emphasises on the current advances conducted in plant HO implying its developmental and defensive role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovely Mahawar
- Department of Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342001, India
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30
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Mahawar L, Kumar R, Shekhawat GS. Evaluation of heme oxygenase 1 (HO 1) in Cd and Ni induced cytotoxicity and crosstalk with ROS quenching enzymes in two to four leaf stage seedlings of Vigna radiata. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:527-545. [PMID: 28924722 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-017-1166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Research on heme oxygenase in plants has received consideration in recent years due to its several roles in development, defense, and metabolism during various environmental stresses. In the current investigation, the role of heme oxygenase (HO) 1 was evaluated in reducing heavy metal (Cd and Ni) uptake and alleviating Cd and Ni toxicity effects in the hydroponically grown seedlings of Vigna radiata var. PDM 54. Seedlings were subjected to Cd- and Ni-induced oxidative stress independently at different concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 μM. After 96 h (fourth day) of treatment, the stressed plants were harvested to study the cellular homeostasis and detoxification mechanism by examining the growth, stress parameters (LPX, H2O2 content), and non-enzymatic and enzymatic parameters (ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaicol peroxidase (GPX), and catalase (CAT)) including HO 1. At 50 μM CdCl2 and 60 μM NiSO4, HO 1 activity was found to be highest in leaves which were 1.39 and 1.16-fold, respectively. The greatest HO 1 activity was reflected from the reduction of H2O2 content at these metal concentrations (50 μM CdCl2 and 60 μM NiSO4) which is correlated with the increasing activity of other antioxidant enzymes (CAT, APX). Thus, HO 1 works within a group that generates the defense machinery for the plant's survival by scavenging ROS which is confirmed by a time-dependent study. Hence, it is concluded that seedlings of V. radiata were more tolerant towards metal-induced oxidative stress in which HO 1 is localized in its residential area (plastids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovely Mahawar
- Department of Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342001, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Water Quality Management Group Defense Laboratory, Jodhpur, 342001, India
| | - Gyan Singh Shekhawat
- Department of Botany, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, 342001, India.
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31
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Cheng T, Hu L, Wang P, Yang X, Peng Y, Lu Y, Chen J, Shi J. Carbon Monoxide Potentiates High Temperature-Induced Nicotine Biosynthesis in Tobacco. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E188. [PMID: 29316708 PMCID: PMC5796137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) acts as an important signal in many physiological responses in plants, but its role in plant secondary metabolism is still unknown. Nicotine is the main alkaloid generated in tobacco and the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) has previously been reported to efficiently induce its biosynthesis. Whether and how CO interacts with JA to regulate nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that high temperature (HT) induces quick accumulation of nicotine in tobacco roots, combined with an increase in CO and JA concentration. Suppressing CO generation reduced both JA and nicotine biosynthesis, whereas exogenous application of CO increased JA and nicotine content. CO causes an increased expression of NtPMT1 (a key nicotine biosynthesis enzyme), via promoting NtMYC2a binding to the G-box region of its promoter, leading to heightened nicotine levels under HT conditions. These data suggest a novel function for CO in stimulating nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco under HT stress, through a JA signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tielong Cheng
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China.
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Liwei Hu
- Laboratory of Tobacco Agriculture, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Pengkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xiuyan Yang
- Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land of State Forestry Administration, China Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Ye Peng
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China.
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Ye Lu
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Jisen Shi
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Dobisova T, Hrdinova V, Cuesta C, Michlickova S, Urbankova I, Hejatkova R, Zadnikova P, Pernisova M, Benkova E, Hejatko J. Light Controls Cytokinin Signaling via Transcriptional Regulation of Constitutively Active Sensor Histidine Kinase CKI1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:387-404. [PMID: 28292856 PMCID: PMC5411129 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the multistep phosphorelay (MSP) pathway mediates a range of regulatory processes, including those activated by cytokinins. The cross talk between cytokinin response and light has been known for a long time. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the interaction between light and cytokinin signaling remains elusive. In the screen for upstream regulators we identified a LONG PALE HYPOCOTYL (LPH) gene whose activity is indispensable for spatiotemporally correct expression of CYTOKININ INDEPENDENT1 (CKI1), encoding the constitutively active sensor His kinase that activates MSP signaling. lph is a new allele of HEME OXYGENASE1 (HY1) that encodes the key protein in the biosynthesis of phytochromobilin, a cofactor of photoconvertible phytochromes. Our analysis confirmed the light-dependent regulation of the CKI1 expression pattern. We show that CKI1 expression is under the control of phytochrome A (phyA), functioning as a dual (both positive and negative) regulator of CKI1 expression, presumably via the phyA-regulated transcription factors (TF) PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR3 and CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1. Changes in CKI1 expression observed in lph/hy1-7 and phy mutants correlate with misregulation of MSP signaling, changed cytokinin sensitivity, and developmental aberrations that were previously shown to be associated with cytokinin and/or CKI1 action. Besides that, we demonstrate a novel role of phyA-dependent CKI1 expression in the hypocotyl elongation and hook development during skotomorphogenesis. Based on these results, we propose that the light-dependent regulation of CKI1 provides a plausible mechanistic link underlying the well-known interaction between light- and cytokinin-controlled plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Dobisova
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic (T.D., V.H., S.M., I.U., R.H., P.Z., M.P., E.B., J.H.); and Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (C.C., P.Z., E.B.)
| | - Vendula Hrdinova
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic (T.D., V.H., S.M., I.U., R.H., P.Z., M.P., E.B., J.H.); and Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (C.C., P.Z., E.B.)
| | - Candela Cuesta
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic (T.D., V.H., S.M., I.U., R.H., P.Z., M.P., E.B., J.H.); and Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (C.C., P.Z., E.B.)
| | - Sarka Michlickova
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic (T.D., V.H., S.M., I.U., R.H., P.Z., M.P., E.B., J.H.); and Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (C.C., P.Z., E.B.)
| | - Ivana Urbankova
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic (T.D., V.H., S.M., I.U., R.H., P.Z., M.P., E.B., J.H.); and Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (C.C., P.Z., E.B.)
| | - Romana Hejatkova
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic (T.D., V.H., S.M., I.U., R.H., P.Z., M.P., E.B., J.H.); and Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (C.C., P.Z., E.B.)
| | - Petra Zadnikova
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic (T.D., V.H., S.M., I.U., R.H., P.Z., M.P., E.B., J.H.); and Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (C.C., P.Z., E.B.)
| | - Marketa Pernisova
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic (T.D., V.H., S.M., I.U., R.H., P.Z., M.P., E.B., J.H.); and Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (C.C., P.Z., E.B.)
| | - Eva Benkova
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic (T.D., V.H., S.M., I.U., R.H., P.Z., M.P., E.B., J.H.); and Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (C.C., P.Z., E.B.)
| | - Jan Hejatko
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic (T.D., V.H., S.M., I.U., R.H., P.Z., M.P., E.B., J.H.); and Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria (C.C., P.Z., E.B.)
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Zhu L, Yang Z, Zeng X, Gao J, Liu J, Yi B, Ma C, Shen J, Tu J, Fu T, Wen J. Heme oxygenase 1 defects lead to reduced chlorophyll in Brassica napus. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 93:579-592. [PMID: 28108964 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0583-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We previously described a Brassica napus chlorophyll-deficient mutant (ygl) with yellow-green seedling leaves and mapped the related gene, BnaC.YGL, to a 0.35 cM region. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in this chlorophyll defect are still unknown. In this study, the BnaC07.HO1 gene (equivalent to BnaC.YGL) was isolated by the candidate gene approach, and its function was confirmed by genetic complementation. Comparative sequencing analysis suggested that BnaC07.HO1 was lost in the mutant, while a long noncoding-RNA was inserted into the promoter of the homologous gene BnaA07.HO1. This insert was widely present in B. napus cultivars and down-regulated BnaA07.HO1 expression. BnaC07.HO1 was highly expressed in the seedling leaves and encoded heme oxygenase 1, which was localized in the chloroplast. Biochemical analysis showed that BnaC07.HO1 can catalyze heme conversion to form biliverdin IXα. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the loss of BnaC07.HO1 impaired tetrapyrrole metabolism, especially chlorophyll biosynthesis. According, the levels of chlorophyll intermediates were reduced in the ygl mutant. In addition, gene expression in multiple pathways was affected in ygl. These findings provide molecular evidences for the basis of the yellow-green leaf phenotype and further insights into the crucial role of HO1 in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Sub-center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zonghui Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xinhua Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Oil Crops Research the Chinese Institute of Academy of Agricultural Sciences,, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jie Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Sub-center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Sub-center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Sub-center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Sub-center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Sub-center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Sub-center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Sub-center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Sub-center of Rapeseed Improvement in Wuhan, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Loboda A, Damulewicz M, Pyza E, Jozkowicz A, Dulak J. Role of Nrf2/HO-1 system in development, oxidative stress response and diseases: an evolutionarily conserved mechanism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3221-47. [PMID: 27100828 PMCID: PMC4967105 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2223-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1572] [Impact Index Per Article: 196.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional regulator nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) is considered not only as a cytoprotective factor regulating the expression of genes coding for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and detoxifying proteins, but it is also a powerful modulator of species longevity. The vertebrate Nrf2 belongs to Cap 'n' Collar (Cnc) bZIP family of transcription factors and shares a high homology with SKN-1 from Caenorhabditis elegans or CncC found in Drosophila melanogaster. The major characteristics of Nrf2 are to some extent mimicked by Nrf2-dependent genes and their proteins including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which besides removing toxic heme, produces biliverdin, iron ions and carbon monoxide. HO-1 and their products exert beneficial effects through the protection against oxidative injury, regulation of apoptosis, modulation of inflammation as well as contribution to angiogenesis. On the other hand, the disturbances in the proper HO-1 level are associated with the pathogenesis of some age-dependent disorders, including neurodegeneration, cancer or macular degeneration. This review summarizes our knowledge about Nrf2 and HO-1 across different phyla suggesting their conservative role as stress-protective and anti-aging factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Loboda
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Milena Damulewicz
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jozef Dulak
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Sigala PA, Morante K, Tsumoto K, Caaveiro JMM, Goldberg DE. In-Cell Enzymology To Probe His-Heme Ligation in Heme Oxygenase Catalysis. Biochemistry 2016; 55:4836-49. [PMID: 27490825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) is a ubiquitous enzyme with key roles in inflammation, cell signaling, heme disposal, and iron acquisition. HO catalyzes the oxidative conversion of heme to biliverdin (BV) using a conserved histidine to coordinate the iron atom of bound heme. This His-heme interaction has been regarded as being essential for enzyme activity, because His-to-Ala mutants fail to convert heme to biliverdin in vitro. We probed a panel of proximal His mutants of cyanobacterial, human, and plant HO enzymes using a live-cell activity assay based on heterologous co-expression in Escherichia coli of each HO mutant and a fluorescent biliverdin biosensor. In contrast to in vitro studies with purified proteins, we observed that multiple HO mutants retained significant activity within the intracellular environment of bacteria. X-ray crystallographic structures of human HO1 H25R with bound heme and additional functional studies suggest that HO mutant activity inside these cells does not involve heme ligation by a proximal amino acid. Our study reveals unexpected plasticity in the active site binding interactions with heme that can support HO activity within cells, suggests important contributions by the surrounding active site environment to HO catalysis, and can guide efforts to understand the evolution and divergence of HO function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Sigala
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Koldo Morante
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.,Medical Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo , Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Jose M M Caaveiro
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Daniel E Goldberg
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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Duan X, Dai C, Li Z, Zhou H, Xiao T, Xie Y, Shen W. Ectopic over-expression of BoHO1, a cabbage heme oxygenase gene, improved salt tolerance in Arabidopsis: A case study on proteomic analysis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 196-197:1-13. [PMID: 27016873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant heme oxygenase (HO) catalyzes the oxygenation of heme to biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and free iron, and is regarded as a stress-responsive protein. Here, a cabbage HO1 gene (named as BoHO1) was isolated and characterized. BoHO1 shares a high degree homology with Arabidopsis AtHO1, and could locate in Arabidopsis chloroplast. BoHO1 mRNA was ubiquitously expressed in cabbage tissues, and was responsive to several stimuli and chemicals. Genetic evidence illustrated that over-expression of BoHO1 in transgenic Arabidopsis plants (35S:BoHO1-1 and 35S:BoHO1-2) significantly alleviated salinity stress-inhibited seedling growth, which were accompanied with the re-establishment of reactive oxygen species and ion homeostasis. Comparative proteomic analysis was subsequently performed. Results revealed that protein abundance related to light reactions was greatly suppressed by NaCl stress in wild-type, whereas was partially recovered in 35S:BoHO1-1. Salinity stress also strongly activated stress-related metabolic processes in wild-type, i.e. carbon and energy metabolism, ammonium detoxification, and protein turnover, and these induced tendencies were more intensive in 35S:BoHO1-1. Particularly, proteins related to glutathione metabolism and ion homeostasis were specifically enriched in NaCl-stressed 35S:BoHO1-1. On the basis of above results, we propose that BoHO1 could activate multiple stress-responsive pathways to help Arabidopsis regain cellular homeostasis, thus presenting enhanced adaptation to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chen Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tianyu Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanjie Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Xie Y, Mao Y, Duan X, Zhou H, Lai D, Zhang Y, Shen W. Arabidopsis HY1-Modulated Stomatal Movement: An Integrative Hub Is Functionally Associated with ABI4 in Dehydration-Induced ABA Responsiveness. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:1699-713. [PMID: 26704641 PMCID: PMC4775125 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO; EC 1.14.99.3) has recently been proposed as a novel component in mediating wide ranges of the plant adaptive signaling processes. However, the physiological significance and molecular basis underlying Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) HO1 (HY1) functioning in drought tolerance remained unclear. Here, we report that mutation of HY1 promoted, but overexpression of this gene impaired, Arabidopsis drought tolerance. This was attributed to the abscisic acid (ABA)-hypersensitive or -hyposensitive phenotypes, with the regulation of stomatal closure in particular. However, comparative transcriptomic profile analysis showed that the induction of numerous ABA/stress-dependent genes in dehydrated wild-type plants was differentially impaired in the hy1 mutant. In agreement, ABA-induced ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4) transcript accumulation was strengthened in the hy1 mutant. Genetic analysis further identified that the hy1-associated ABA hypersensitivity and drought tolerance were arrested in the abi4 background. Moreover, the promotion of ABA-triggered up-regulation of RbohD abundance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the hy1 mutant was almost fully blocked by the mutation of ABI4, suggesting that the HY1-ABI4 signaling in the wild type involved in stomatal closure was dependent on the RbohD-derived ROS production. However, hy1-promoted stomatal closure was not affected by a nitric oxide scavenger. Correspondingly, ABA-insensitive behaviors in rbohD stomata were not affected by either the mutation of HY1 or its ectopic expression in the rbohD background, both of which responded significantly to exogenous ROS. These data indicate that HY1 functioned negatively and acted upstream of ABI4 in drought signaling, which was casually dependent on the RbohD-derived ROS in the regulation of stomatal closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yu Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xingliang Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Diwen Lai
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Montgomery BL. Spatiotemporal Phytochrome Signaling during Photomorphogenesis: From Physiology to Molecular Mechanisms and Back. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:480. [PMID: 27148307 PMCID: PMC4826876 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Light exposure results in distinct responses in specific seedling tissues during photomorphogenesis. Light promotes growth of cotyledons and leaves, as well as development and elongation of roots, whereas light inhibits elongation of hypocotyls. For distinct plant responses such as shade avoidance, far-red light or shifts in spectral light quality similarly have disparate impacts on distinct plant tissues, resulting in elongation of stems or petioles and a reduction in growth of leaf blades for many species. The physiological bases of such tissue- and organ-specific light responses were initially studied using localized irradiation of specific tissues and organs, or irradiation of dissected plant parts. These historical approaches were used to identify spatial-specific pools of photoreceptors responsible for regulating local, i.e., tissue- or organ-specific, or distal, i.e., interorgan, plant responses. The red/far-red responsive phytochromes have been the most widely studied among photoreceptors in this regard. Whereas, the spatial localization of photoreceptors regulating many tissue- or organ-specific light responses were identified, the underlying signaling networks responsible for mediating the observed responses have not been well defined. Recent approaches used to investigate the molecular bases of spatiotemporal light responses include selective irradiation of plants harboring mutations in specific photoreceptors, tissue-specific expression of photoreceptors, primarily in photoreceptor mutant backgrounds, or tissue-specific biochemical ablation of photoreceptor accumulation. Progressive integration of such approaches for regulating the availability of localized pools of phytochromes with the use of transcriptomic or proteomic analyses for assessing the genes or proteins which these spatially discrete pools of phytochrome regulate is yielding emergent insight into the molecular bases of spatiotemporal phytochrome signaling pathways responsible for regulating spatiotemporal light responses of which we have been aware of at the physiological level for decades. Here, I discuss historical and emerging approaches to elucidating spatiotemporal signaling mediated by phytochromes during photomorphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beronda L. Montgomery
- Department of Energy — Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing, MI, USA
- *Correspondence: Beronda L. Montgomery,
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Wang M, Liao W. Carbon Monoxide as a Signaling Molecule in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:572. [PMID: 27200045 PMCID: PMC4850744 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO), a gaseous molecule, has emerged as a signaling molecule in plants, due to its ability to trigger a series of physiological reactions. This article provides a brief update on the synthesis of CO, its physiological functions in plant growth and development, as well as its roles in abiotic stress tolerance such as drought, salt, ultraviolet radiation, and heavy metal stress. CO has positive effects on seed germination, root development, and stomatal closure. Also, CO can enhance plant abiotic stress resistance commonly through the enhancement of antioxidant defense system. Moreover, CO shows cross talk with other signaling molecules including NO, phytohormones (IAA, ABA, and GA) and other gas signaling molecules (H2S, H2, CH4).
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Cui W, Qi F, Zhang Y, Cao H, Zhang J, Wang R, Shen W. Methane-rich water induces cucumber adventitious rooting through heme oxygenase1/carbon monoxide and Ca(2+) pathways. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:435-45. [PMID: 25503851 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Methane-rich water triggered adventitious rooting by regulating heme oxygenase1/carbon monoxide and calcium pathways in cucumber explants. Heme oxygenase1/carbon monoxide (HO1/CO) and calcium (Ca(2+)) were reported as the downstream signals in auxin-induced cucumber adventitious root (AR) formation. Here, we observed that application of methane-rich water (MRW; 80% saturation) obviously induced AR formation in IAA-depleted cucumber explants. To address the universality, we checked adventitious rooting in soybean and mung bean explants, and found that MRW (50 and 10% saturation, respectively) exhibited the similar inducing results. To further determine if the HO1/CO system participated in MRW-induced adventitious rooting, MRW, HO1 inducer hemin, its activity inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), and its catalytic by-products CO, bilirubin, and Fe(2+) were used to detect their effects on cucumber adventitious rooting in IAA-depleted explants. Subsequent results showed that MRW-induced adventitious rooting was blocked by ZnPP and further reversed by 20% saturation CO aqueous solution. However, the other two by-products of HO1, bilirubin and Fe(2+), failed to induce AR formation. Above responses were consistent with the MRW-induced increases of HO1 transcript and corresponding protein level. Further molecular evidence indicted that expression of marker genes, including auxin signaling-related genes and cell cycle regulatory genes, were modulated by MRW alone but blocked by the cotreatment with ZnPP, the latter of which could be significantly rescued by the addition of CO. By using the Ca(2+)-channel blocker and Ca(2+) chelator, the involvement of Ca(2+) pathway in MRW-induced adventitious rooting was also suggested. Together, our results indicate that MRW might serve as a stimulator of adventitious rooting, which was partially mediated by HO1/CO and Ca(2+) pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiti Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Xie Y, Mao Y, Xu S, Zhou H, Duan X, Cui W, Zhang J, Xu G. Heme-heme oxygenase 1 system is involved in ammonium tolerance by regulating antioxidant defence in Oryza sativa. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:129-43. [PMID: 24905845 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite substantial evidence showing the ammonium-altered redox homeostasis in plants, the involvement and molecular mechanism of heme-heme oxygenase 1 (heme-HO1), a novel antioxidant system, in the regulation of ammonium tolerance remain elusive. To fill in these gaps, the biological function of rice HO1 (OsSE5) was investigated. Results showed that NH4 Cl up-regulated rice OsSE5 expression. Oxidative stress and subsequent growth inhibition induced by excess NH4 Cl was partly mitigated by pretreatment with carbon monoxide (CO, a by-product of HO1 activity) or intensified by zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP, a potent inhibitor of HO1 activity). Pretreatment with HO1 inducer hemin, not only up-regulated OsSE5 expression and HO activity, but also rescued the down-regulation of antioxidant transcripts, total and related isozymatic activities, thus significantly counteracting the excess NH4 Cl-triggered reactive oxygen species overproduction, lipid peroxidation and growth inhibition. OsSE5 RNAi transgenic rice plants revealed NH4 Cl-hypersensitive phenotype with impaired antioxidant defence, both of which could be rescued by CO but not hemin. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants over-expressing OsSE5 also exhibited enhanced tolerance to NH4 Cl, which might be attributed to the up-regulation of several antioxidant transcripts. Altogether, these results illustrated the involvement of heme-HO1 system in ammonium tolerance by enhancing antioxidant defence, which may improve plant tolerance to excess ammonium fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; MOA Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilization in Lower-Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Laboratory Center of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Lecube ML, Noriega GO, Santa Cruz DM, Tomaro ML, Batlle A, Balestrasse KB. Indole acetic acid is responsible for protection against oxidative stress caused by drought in soybean plants: the role of heme oxygenase induction. Redox Rep 2014; 19:242-50. [PMID: 25156196 PMCID: PMC6837533 DOI: 10.1179/1351000214y.0000000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was focused on the role of indole acetic acid (IAA) in the defense against oxidative stress damage caused by drought in soybean plants and to elucidate whether heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nitric oxide (NO) are involved in this mechanism. IAA is an auxin that participates in many plant processes including oxidative stress defense, but to the best of our knowledge no information is yet available about its possible action in drought stress. Methods To this end, soybean plants were treated with 8% polyethylene glycol (PEG) or 100 µM IAA. To evaluate the behavior of IAA, plants were pretreated with this compound previous to PEG addition. Lipid peroxidation levels (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)), glutathione (GSH) and ascorbate (AS) contents, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) activities were determined to evaluate oxidative damage. Results Drought treatment (8% PEG) caused a significant increase in TBARS levels as well as a marked decrease in the non-enzymatic (GSH and AS) and enzymatic (CAT, SOD, and POD) antioxidant defense systems. Pre-treatment with IAA prevented the alterations of stress parameters caused by drought, while treatment with IAA alone did not produce changes in TBARS levels, or GSH and AS contents. Moreover, the activities of the classical enzymes involved in the enzymatic defense system (SOD, CAT, and POD) remained similar to control values. Furthermore, this hormone could enhance HO-1 activity (75% with respect to controls), and this increase was positively correlated with protein content as well as gene expression. The direct participation of HO-1 as an antioxidant enzyme was established by performing experiments in the presence of Zn-protoporphyrin IX, a well-known irreversible inhibitor of this enzyme. It was also demonstrated that HO-1 is modulated by NO, as shown by experiments performed in the presence of an NO donor (sodium nitroprusside), an NO scavenger (2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide), or an NO synthesis inhibitor (N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, NAME). Discussion It is concluded that IAA is responsible, at least in part, for the protection against oxidative stress caused by drought in soybean plants through the modulation of NO levels which, in turn, enhances HO-1 synthesis and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel López Lecube
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo O. Noriega
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - María L. Tomaro
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alcira Batlle
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirinas y Porfirias (CIPYP), CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina B. Balestrasse
- Correspondence to: Karina Beatriz Balestrasse, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Li Q, Zhu FY, Gao X, Sun Y, Li S, Tao Y, Lo C, Liu H. Young Leaf Chlorosis 2 encodes the stroma-localized heme oxygenase 2 which is required for normal tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in rice. PLANTA 2014; 240:701-12. [PMID: 25037719 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rice heme oxygenase 2 (OsHO2) mutants are chlorophyll deficient with distinct tetrapyrrole metabolite and transcript profiles, suggesting a potential regulatory role of the stromal-localized OsHO2 in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. In plants, heme oxygenases (HOs) are classified into the subfamilies HO1 and HO2. HO1 are highly conserved plastid enzymes required for synthesizing the chromophore in phytochromes which mediate a number of light-regulated responses. However, the physiological and biochemical functions of HO2, which are distantly related to HO1, are not well understood, especially in crop plants. From a population of (60)Coγ-irradiated rice mutants, we identified the ylc2 (young leaf chlorosis 2) mutant which displays a chlorosis phenotype in seedlings with substantially reduced chlorophyll content. Normal leaf pigmentation is gradually restored in older plants while newly emerged leaves remain yellow. Transmission electron microscopy further revealed defective chloroplast structures in the ylc2 seedlings. Map-based cloning located the OsYLC2 gene on chromosome 3 and it encodes the OsHO2 protein. The gene identification was confirmed by complementation and T-DNA mutant analyses. Subcellular localization and chloroplast fractionation experiments indicated that OsHO2 resides in the stroma. However, recombinant enzyme assay demonstrated that OsHO2 is not a functional HO enzyme. Analysis of tetrapyrrole metabolites revealed the reduced levels of most chlorophyll and phytochromobilin precursors in the ylc2 mutant. On the other hand, elevated accumulation of 5-aminolevulinic acid and Mg-protoporphyrin IX was observed. These unique metabolite changes are accompanied by consistent changes in the expression levels of the corresponding tetrapyrrole biosynthesis genes. Taken together, our work suggests that OsHO2 has a potential regulatory role for tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
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Liu Y, Li X, Xu L, Shen W. De-etiolation of wheat seedling leaves: cross talk between heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide and nitric oxide. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81470. [PMID: 24349074 PMCID: PMC3861272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Greening of etiolated plants is predominantly stimulated by light but the complete molecular mechanism is still unknown. Multiple studies currently focus on the important physiological effects of heme oxygenase (HO)/carbon monoxide (CO) in plants. In this report, firstly, the role of HO/CO in light-induced de-etiolation process was investigated. We discovered that light could significantly increase HO activities, HO-1 gene expression, CO release, and chlorophyll accumulation, all of which were sensitive to zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPPIX), the potent inhibitor of HO-1, respectively. Both HO-1 inducer hematin (H) and CO aqueous solution were able to relieve etiolation in wheat seedling leaves under completely darkness by up-regulating endogenous HO/CO system, so as nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) did. Similarly, endogenous NO production was also boost in response to light, SNP, hematin and CO aqueous solution in wheat seedling leaves. Additionally, the restoration of chlorophyll contents was blocked, when the inhibitor of mammalian nitric oxide synthase N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methylester hydrochloride (L-NAME) or the specific scavenger of NO 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt (cPTIO) was added, respectively. Furthermore, the inducible effects of light were different from those of SNP, hematin, and CO on Pfr accumulation and PHYA transcripts. However, all of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), hematin, and CO could accelerate NO emission, which suggested that HO/CO in wheat seedlings de-etiolation under dark-light transition may have a cross talk with NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Liu
- Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
- College of Life Sciences, Cooperative Demonstration Laboratory of Centrifuge Technique, Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xinna Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Langlai Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Cooperative Demonstration Laboratory of Centrifuge Technique, Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Cooperative Demonstration Laboratory of Centrifuge Technique, Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Oh S, Montgomery BL. Phytochrome-induced SIG2 expression contributes to photoregulation of phytochrome signalling and photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:5457-72. [PMID: 24078666 PMCID: PMC3871806 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast-localized sigma factor (SIG) proteins promote specificity of the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase. SIG2 function appears to be necessary for light-grown Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Specific photoreceptors or light-dependent factors that impact the light-induced accumulation of SIG2 have not been reported. A molecular link between phytochromes and nuclear-encoded SIG2, which impacts photomorphogenesis specifically under red (R) and far-red (FR) light, is described here. Both phyA and phyB promote SIG2 transcript accumulation. Disruption of SIG2 results in R- and FR-specific defects in the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and cotyledon expansion, although no impairments in these responses are detected for sig2 mutants under blue (B) or white (W) light. SIG2 also impacts root elongation under W and R, and the R-dependent expression of PIF4, encoding a phytochrome-interacting factor, and HY2, which encodes a phytochrome chromophore biosynthetic enzyme. Whereas SIG2 apparently impacts the accumulation of the phytochromobilin (PΦB) phytochrome chromophore, sig2 mutants differ significantly from PΦB mutants, primarily due to wavelength-specific defects in photomorphogenesis and disruption of a distinct subset of phytochrome-dependent responses. The molecular link between phytochromes and SIG2 is likely to be an important part of the co-ordination of gene expression to maintain stoichiometry between the nuclear-encoded phytochrome apoprotein and plastid-derived PΦB, which combine to form photoactive phytochromes, and/or light-dependent SIG2 accumulation is involved in an inductive light signalling pathway co-ordinating components between nucleus and plastids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sookyung Oh
- Department of Energy—Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Beronda L. Montgomery
- Department of Energy—Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Chlorophyll deficiency in the maize elongated mesocotyl2 mutant is caused by a defective heme oxygenase and delaying grana stacking. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80107. [PMID: 24244620 PMCID: PMC3823864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Etiolated seedlings initiate grana stacking and chlorophyll biosynthesis in parallel with the first exposure to light, during which phytochromes play an important role. Functional phytochromes are biosynthesized separately for two components. One phytochrome is biosynthesized for apoprotein and the other is biosynthesized for the chromophore that includes heme oxygenase (HO). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING We isolated a ho1 homolog by map-based cloning of a maize elongated mesocotyl2 (elm2) mutant. cDNA sequencing of the ho1 homolog in elm2 revealed a 31 bp deletion. De-etiolation responses to red and far-red light were disrupted in elm2 seedlings, with a pronounced elongation of the mesocotyl. The endogenous HO activity in the elm2 mutant decreased remarkably. Transgenic complementation further confirmed the dysfunction in the maize ho1 gene. Moreover, non-appressed thylakoids were specifically stacked at the seedling stage in the elm2 mutant. CONCLUSION The 31 bp deletion in the ho1 gene resulted in a decrease in endogenous HO activity and disrupted the de-etiolation responses to red and far-red light. The specific stacking of non-appressed thylakoids suggested that the chlorophyll biosynthesis regulated by HO1 is achieved by coordinating the heme level with the regulation of grana stacking.
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Hsu YY, Chao YY, Kao CH. Cobalt chloride-induced lateral root formation in rice: the role of heme oxygenase. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:1075-81. [PMID: 23566873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lateral roots (LRs) perform the essential tasks of providing water, nutrients, and physical support to plants. Therefore, understanding the regulation of LR development is of agronomic importance. Recent findings suggest that heme oxygenase (HO) plays an important role in LR development. In this study, we examined the effect of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) on LR formation and HO expression in rice. Treatment with CoCl2 induced LR formation and HO activity. We further observed that CoCl2 could induce the expression of OsHO1 but not OsHO2. CoCl2-increased HO activity occurred before LR formation. Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX, the specific inhibitor of HO) and hemoglobin (the carbon monoxide/nitric oxide scavenger) reduced LR formation, HO activity, and OsHO1 expression. Application of biliverdin, a product of HO-catalyzed reaction, to CoCl2-treated rice seedlings reversed the ZnPPIX-inhibited LR formation and ZnPPIX-decreased HO activity. CoCl2 had no effect on H2O2 content and nitric oxide production. Moreover, application of ascorbate, a H2O2 scavenger, failed to affect CoCl2-promoted LR formation and HO activity. It is concluded that HO is required for CoCl2-promoted LR formation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yen Hsu
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Hanke G, Mulo P. Plant type ferredoxins and ferredoxin-dependent metabolism. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2013; 36:1071-1084. [PMID: 23190083 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ferredoxin (Fd) is a small [2Fe-2S] cluster-containing protein found in all organisms performing oxygenic photosynthesis. Fd is the first soluble acceptor of electrons on the stromal side of the chloroplast electron transport chain, and as such is pivotal to determining the distribution of these electrons to different metabolic reactions. In chloroplasts, the principle sink for electrons is in the production of NADPH, which is mostly consumed during the assimilation of CO2 . In addition to this primary function in photosynthesis, Fds are also involved in a number of other essential metabolic reactions, including biosynthesis of chlorophyll, phytochrome and fatty acids, several steps in the assimilation of sulphur and nitrogen, as well as redox signalling and maintenance of redox balance via the thioredoxin system and Halliwell-Asada cycle. This makes Fds crucial determinants of the electron transfer between the thylakoid membrane and a variety of soluble enzymes dependent on these electrons. In this article, we will first describe the current knowledge on the structure and function of the various Fd isoforms present in chloroplasts of higher plants and then discuss the processes involved in oxidation of Fd, introducing the corresponding enzymes and discussing what is known about their relative interaction with Fd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Hanke
- Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Osnabrück, DE-49076, Osnabrück, Germany
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Li H, Song JB, Zhao WT, Yang ZM. AtHO1 is Involved in Iron Homeostasis in an NO-Dependent Manner. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 54:1105-17. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Liu Y, Li X, Xu L, Shen W. De-etiolation of wheat seedling leaves: cross talk between heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide and nitric oxide. PLoS One 2013. [PMID: 24349074 DOI: 10.1371/jourmal.pone.0081470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Greening of etiolated plants is predominantly stimulated by light but the complete molecular mechanism is still unknown. Multiple studies currently focus on the important physiological effects of heme oxygenase (HO)/carbon monoxide (CO) in plants. In this report, firstly, the role of HO/CO in light-induced de-etiolation process was investigated. We discovered that light could significantly increase HO activities, HO-1 gene expression, CO release, and chlorophyll accumulation, all of which were sensitive to zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPPIX), the potent inhibitor of HO-1, respectively. Both HO-1 inducer hematin (H) and CO aqueous solution were able to relieve etiolation in wheat seedling leaves under completely darkness by up-regulating endogenous HO/CO system, so as nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) did. Similarly, endogenous NO production was also boost in response to light, SNP, hematin and CO aqueous solution in wheat seedling leaves. Additionally, the restoration of chlorophyll contents was blocked, when the inhibitor of mammalian nitric oxide synthase N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methylester hydrochloride (L-NAME) or the specific scavenger of NO 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4, 4, 5, 5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide potassium salt (cPTIO) was added, respectively. Furthermore, the inducible effects of light were different from those of SNP, hematin, and CO on Pfr accumulation and PHYA transcripts. However, all of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), hematin, and CO could accelerate NO emission, which suggested that HO/CO in wheat seedlings de-etiolation under dark-light transition may have a cross talk with NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Liu
- Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China ; College of Life Sciences, Cooperative Demonstration Laboratory of Centrifuge Technique, Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinna Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Langlai Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Cooperative Demonstration Laboratory of Centrifuge Technique, Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbiao Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Cooperative Demonstration Laboratory of Centrifuge Technique, Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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