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Li X, Chen X, Li J, Wu P, Hu D, Zhong Q, Cheng D. Respiration in light of evergreen and deciduous woody species and its links to the leaf economic spectrum. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad129. [PMID: 37847610 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Leaf respiration in the light (Rlight) is crucial for understanding the net CO2 exchange of individual plants and entire ecosystems. However, Rlight is poorly quantified and rarely discussed in the context of the leaf economic spectrum (LES), especially among woody species differing in plant functional types (PFTs) (e.g., evergreen vs. deciduous species). To address this gap in our knowledge, Rlight, respiration in the dark (Rdark), light-saturated photosynthetic rates (Asat), leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA), leaf nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, and maximum carboxylation (Vcmax) and electron transport rates (Jmax) of 54 representative subtropical woody evergreen and deciduous species were measured. With the exception of LMA, the parameters quantified in this study were significantly higher in deciduous species than in evergreen species. The degree of light inhibition did not significantly differ between evergreen (52%) and deciduous (50%) species. Rlight was significantly correlated with LES traits such as Asat, Rdark, LMA, N and P. The Rlight vs. Rdark and N relationships shared common slopes between evergreen and deciduous species, but significantly differed in their y-intercepts, in which the rates of Rlight were slower or faster for any given Rdark or N in deciduous species, respectively. A model for Rlight based on three traits (i.e., Rdark, LMA and P) had an explanatory power of 84.9%. These results show that there is a link between Rlight and the LES, and highlight that PFTs is an important factor in affecting Rlight and the relationships of Rlight with Rdark and N. Thus, this study provides information that can improve the next generation of terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Li
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, No. 8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Jinlong Li
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Dandan Hu
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Quanlin Zhong
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Dongliang Cheng
- Institute of Geography, Fujian Normal University, No.8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, Fujian Normal University, No. 8 Shangsan Road, Cangshan District, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
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Zheng DM, Wang X, Liu Q, Sun YR, Ma WT, Li L, Yang Z, Tcherkez G, Adams MA, Yang Y, Gong XY. Temperature responses of leaf respiration in light and darkness are similar and modulated by leaf development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1435-1446. [PMID: 37997699 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to predict temperature responses of leaf respiration in light and darkness (RL and RDk ) is essential to models of global carbon dynamics. While many models rely on constant thermal sensitivity (characterized by Q10 ), uncertainty remains as to whether Q10 of RL and RDk are actually similar. We measured short-term temperature responses of RL and RDk in immature and mature leaves of two evergreen tree species, Castanopsis carlesii and Ormosia henry in an open field. RL was estimated by the Kok method, the Yin method and a newly developed Kok-iterCc method. When estimated by the Yin and Kok-iterCc methods, RL and RDk had similar Q10 (c. 2.5). The Kok method overestimated both Q10 and the light inhibition of respiration. RL /RDk was not affected by leaf temperature. Acclimation of respiration in summer was associated with a decline in basal respiration but not in Q10 in both species, which was related to changes in leaf nitrogen content between seasons. Q10 of RL and RDk in mature leaves were 40% higher than in immature leaves. Our results suggest similar Q10 values can be used to model RL and RDk while leaf development-associated changes in Q10 require special consideration in future respiration models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ming Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, 365000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Yan Ran Sun
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Wei Ting Ma
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, 365000, China
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRAe, Université d'Angers, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Mark A Adams
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, 365000, China
| | - Xiao Ying Gong
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, 365000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fuzhou, 350117, China
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Stagakis S, Feigenwinter C, Vogt R, Kalberer M. A high-resolution monitoring approach of urban CO 2 fluxes. Part 1 - bottom-up model development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160216. [PMID: 36402316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of urban areas is increasingly important to assess the progress towards the Paris Agreement goals for climate neutrality. Cities are currently voluntarily developing their local inventories, however, the approaches used across different cities are not systematically assessed, present consistency issues, neglect the biogenic fluxes and have restricted spatial and temporal resolution. In order to assess the accuracy of the urban emission inventories and provide information which is useful for planning local climate change mitigation actions, high resolution modelling approaches combined or evaluated with atmospheric observations are needed. This study presents a new high-resolution bottom-up (BU) model which provides hourly maps of all major components contributing to the local urban surface CO2 flux (i.e. building emissions, traffic emissions, human respiration, soil respiration, plant respiration, plant photosynthetic uptake) and can therefore be used for direct comparison with in-situ atmospheric observations and development of local scale atmospheric inversion methodologies. The model design aims to be simple and flexible using inputs that are available in most cities, facilitating transferability to different locations. The inputs are primarily based on open geospatial datasets, census information, road traffic monitoring and basic meteorological parameters. The model is applied on the city centre of Basel, Switzerland, for the year 2018 and the results are compared to a local inventory. It is demonstrated that the model captures the highly dynamic spatiotemporal variability of the urban CO2 fluxes according to main environmental drivers, population activity dynamics and geospatial information proxies. The annual modelled emissions from buildings and traffic are estimated 14.8 % and 9 % lower than the respective information derived by the local inventory. The differences are mainly attributed to the emissions from the industrial areas and the highways which are beyond the geographical coverage of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Stagakis
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Feigenwinter
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Roland Vogt
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Hu W, Lu Z, Gu H, Ye X, Li X, Cong R, Ren T, Lu J. Potassium availability influences the mesophyll structure to coordinate the conductance of CO 2 and H 2 O during leaf expansion. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2987-3000. [PMID: 35864569 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leaf growth relies on photosynthesis and hydraulics to provide carbohydrates and expansion power; in turn, leaves intercept light and construct organism systems for functioning. Under potassium (K) deficiency stress, leaf area, photosynthesis and hydraulics are all affected by alterations in leaf structure. However, the connection between changes in leaf growth and function caused by the structure under K regulation is unclear. Consequently, the leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf ) and photosynthetic rate (A) combined with leaf anatomical characteristics of Brassica napus were continuously observed during leaf growth under different K supply levels. The results showed that Kleaf and A decreased simultaneously after leaf area with the increasing K deficiency stress. K deficiency significantly increased longitudinal mesophyll cell investment, leading to a reduced volume fraction of intercellular air-space (fias ) and decreased leaf expansion rate. Furthermore, reduced fias decreased mesophyll and chloroplast surfaces exposed to intercellular airspace and gas phase H2 O transport, which induced coordinated changes in CO2 mesophyll conductance and hydraulic conductance in extra-xylem pathways. Adequate K supply facilitated higher fias through smaller palisade tissue cell density (loose mesophyll cell arrangement) and smaller spongy tissue cell size, which coordinated CO2 and H2 O conductance and promoted leaf area expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshi Hu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhifeng Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Hehe Gu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolei Ye
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaokun Li
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Rihuan Cong
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Ren
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianwei Lu
- Microelement Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
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Meng B, Li J, Yao Y, Nippert JB, Williams DG, Chai H, Collins SL, Sun W. Soil N enrichment mediates carbon allocation through respiration in a dominant grass during drought. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Meng
- Institute of Grassland Science Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
- Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Science Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Junqin Li
- Institute of Grassland Science Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Institute of Grassland Science Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Jesse B. Nippert
- Division of Biology Kansas State University Manhattan KS 66506 USA
| | | | - Hua Chai
- Institute of Grassland Science Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Scott L. Collins
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM 87131 USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Institute of Grassland Science Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
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Tsujimoto K, Hikosaka K. Estimating leaf photosynthesis of C 3 plants grown under different environments from pigment index, photochemical reflectance index, and chlorophyll fluorescence. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 148:33-46. [PMID: 33909221 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00833-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic rates vary depending on growth conditions, even within species. Remote sensing techniques have a great potential to predict the photosynthetic rates of leaves with different characteristics. Here, we demonstrate that the photosynthetic rates of leaves acclimated to different light and nutrient conditions can be estimated based on the chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF), the photochemical reflectance index (PRI), and a chlorophyll index. Chenopodium album plants were grown under different light and nutrient conditions. PRI, ChlF parameters, and CO2/H2O gas exchange rates of leaves were simultaneously determined under the various light and CO2 conditions. PRI was used to assess non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), but the relationship between NPQ and PRI was weakened when the data on leaves grown under different conditions were pooled, because PRI in darkness ([Formula: see text]) changed with the leaf pigment composition. Among 15 pigment indices, we found that [Formula: see text], a reflectance index related to the leaf chlorophyll content, had the best correlation with [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) across the studied leaves, and the correction of PRI by [Formula: see text] improved the predictability of NPQ ([Formula: see text]). Using the steady-state ChlF, the NPQ estimated from PRI and [Formula: see text], and the stomatal conductance coefficient, we calculated the CO2 assimilation rates, which were strongly correlated with the actual rates (RMSE = 4.85 [Formula: see text]mol m[Formula: see text] s[Formula: see text]), irrespective of growth conditions. Our approach has the potential to contribute to a more accurate estimation of photosynthetic rates in remote sensing. However, further studies on species variations and connecting with radiative transfer models are needed to demonstrate this at the canopy scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuto Tsujimoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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Yin X, Niu Y, van der Putten PEL, Struik PC. The Kok effect revisited. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1764-1775. [PMID: 32369617 PMCID: PMC7497127 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Kok effect refers to the abrupt decrease around the light compensation point in the slope of net photosynthetic rate vs irradiance. Arguably, this switch arises from light inhibition of respiration, allowing the Kok method to estimate day respiration (Rd ). Recent analysis suggests that increasing proportions of photorespiration (quantified as Γ*/Cc , the ratio of CO2 compensation point Γ* to chloroplast CO2 concentration, Cc ) with irradiance explain much of the Kok effect. Also, the Kok method has been modified to account for the decrease in PSII photochemical efficiency (Φ2 ) with irradiance. Using a model that illustrates how varying Rd , Γ*/Cc , Φ2 and proportions of alternative electron transport could engender the Kok effect, we quantified the contribution of these parameters to the Kok effect measured in sunflower across various O2 and CO2 concentrations and various temperatures. Overall, the decreasing Φ2 with irradiance explained c. 12%, and the varying Γ*/Cc explained c. 25%, of the Kok effect. Maximum real light inhibition of Rd was much lower than the inhibition derived from the Kok method, but still increased with photorespiration. Photorespiration had a dual contribution to the Kok effect, one via the varying Γ*/Cc and the other via its participation in light inhibition of Rd .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 430Wageningen6700 AKthe Netherlands
| | - Yuxi Niu
- Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 430Wageningen6700 AKthe Netherlands
| | - Peter E. L. van der Putten
- Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 430Wageningen6700 AKthe Netherlands
| | - Paul C. Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 430Wageningen6700 AKthe Netherlands
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Kinose Y, Fukamachi Y, Okabe S, Hiroshima H, Watanabe M, Izuta T. Toward an impact assessment of ozone on plant carbon fixation using a process-based plant growth model: A case study of Fagus crenata grown under different soil nutrient levels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 716:137008. [PMID: 32059294 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) in the troposphere, an air pollutant with phytotoxicity, is considered as a driver of global warming, because it reduces plant carbon fixation. Recently, a process-based plant growth model has been used in evaluating the O3 impacts on plants (Schauberger et al., 2019). To make the evaluation more rigorous, we developed a plant growth model and clarified the key factors driving O3-induced change in the whole-plant carbon fixation amount (Cfix). Fagus crenata seedlings were exposed to three O3 levels (charcoal-filtered air or 1.0- or 1.5-folds ambient [O3]) with three soil fertilization levels (non-, low-, or high-fertilized), i.e., a total of nine treatments. The Cfix was reduced in non- and low-fertilized treatments but was unaffected in high-fertilized treatment by O3 fumigation. Our plant growth model could simulate Cfix accurately (<10% error) by considering the impacts of O3 on plant leaf area and photosynthetic capacities, including maximum velocities of carboxylation and electron transport (Vcmax and Jmax, respectively), and the initial slope and convexity of the curve of the electron transport velocity response to photosynthetic photon flux density (φ and θ, respectively). Furthermore, the model revealed that changes in Vcmax and Jmax, φ and θ, or leaf area, caused by 1.5-folds the ambient [O3] fumigation resulted in the following Cfix changes: -1.6, -5.8, or -16.4% in non-fertilized seedlings, -4.1, -4.4, or -9.3% in low-fertilized seedlings, and -4.6, -7.6, or +5.8% in high-fertilized seedlings. Therefore, photosynthetic capacities (particularly φ and θ) and leaf area are important factors influencing the impact of O3 on Cfix of F. crenata seedlings grown under various fertilization levels. Further, the impacts of O3 and soil nutrient on these photosynthetic capacities and plant leaf area should be considered to predict O3-induced changes in carbon fixation by forest tree species using the process-based plant growth model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kinose
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Fukamachi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Okabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroka Hiroshima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izuta
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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Werner C, Fasbender L, Romek KM, Yáñez-Serrano AM, Kreuzwieser J. Heat Waves Change Plant Carbon Allocation Among Primary and Secondary Metabolism Altering CO 2 Assimilation, Respiration, and VOC Emissions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1242. [PMID: 32922421 PMCID: PMC7456945 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Processes controlling plant carbon allocation among primary and secondary metabolism, i.e., carbon assimilation, respiration, and VOC synthesis are still poorly constrained, particularly regarding their response to stress. To investigate these processes, we simulated a 10-day 38°C heat wave, analysing real-time carbon allocation into primary and secondary metabolism in the Mediterranean shrub Halimium halimifolium L. We traced position-specific 13C-labeled pyruvate into daytime VOC and CO2 emissions and during light-dark transition. Net CO2 assimilation strongly declined under heat, due to three-fold higher respiration rates. Interestingly, day respiration also increased two-fold. Decarboxylation of the C1-atom of pyruvate was the main process driving daytime CO2 release, whereas the C2-moiety was not decarboxylated in the TCA cycle. Heat induced high emissions of methanol, methyl acetate, acetaldehyde as well as mono- and sesquiterpenes, particularly during the first two days. After 10-days of heat a substantial proportion of 13C-labeled pyruvate was allocated into de novo synthesis of VOCs. Thus, during extreme heat waves high respiratory losses and reduced assimilation can shift plants into a negative carbon balance. Still, plants enhanced their investment into de novo VOC synthesis despite associated metabolic CO2 losses. We conclude that heat stress re-directed the proportional flux of key metabolites into pathways of VOC biosynthesis most likely at the expense of reactions of plant primary metabolism, which might highlight their importance for stress protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Werner
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christiane Werner,
| | - Lukas Fasbender
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Ana Maria Yáñez-Serrano
- Ecosystem Physiology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center of Ecological Research and Forest Applications (CREAF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
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Way DA, Aspinwall MJ, Drake JE, Crous KY, Campany CE, Ghannoum O, Tissue DT, Tjoelker MG. Responses of respiration in the light to warming in field-grown trees: a comparison of the thermal sensitivity of the Kok and Laisk methods. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:132-143. [PMID: 30372524 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Kok and Laisk techniques can both be used to estimate light respiration Rlight . We investigated whether responses of Rlight to short- and long-term changes in leaf temperature depend on the technique used to estimate Rlight . We grew Eucalyptus tereticornis in whole-tree chambers under ambient temperature (AT) or AT + 3°C (elevated temperature, ET). We assessed dark respiration Rdark and light respiration with the Kok (RKok ) and Laisk (RLaisk ) methods at four temperatures to determine the degree of light suppression of respiration using both methods in AT and ET trees. The ET treatment had little impact on Rdark , RKok or RLaisk . Although the thermal sensitivities of RKok or RLaisk were similar, RKok was higher than RLaisk . We found negative values of RLaisk at the lowest measurement temperatures, indicating positive net CO2 uptake, which we propose may be related to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity. Light suppression of Rdark decreased with increasing leaf temperature, but the degree of suppression depended on the method used. The Kok and Laisk methods do not generate the same estimates of Rlight or light suppression of Rdark between 20 and 35°C. Negative rates of RLaisk imply that this method may become less reliable at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Nicholas School for the Environment, Duke University, 9 Circuit Drive, Box 90328, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Michael J Aspinwall
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - John E Drake
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Forest and Natural Resources Management, SUNY-ESF, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Courtney E Campany
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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11
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Han J, Lei Z, Flexas J, Zhang Y, Carriquí M, Zhang W, Zhang Y. Mesophyll conductance in cotton bracts: anatomically determined internal CO2 diffusion constraints on photosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:5433-5443. [PMID: 30124926 PMCID: PMC6255706 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance (gm) has been shown to affect photosynthetic capacity and thus the estimates of terrestrial carbon balance. While there have been some attempts to model gm at the leaf and larger scales, the potential contribution of gm to the photosynthesis of non-leaf green organs has not been studied. Here, we investigated the influence of gm on photosynthesis of cotton bracts and how it in turn is influenced by anatomical structures, by comparing leaf palisade and spongy mesophyll with bract tissue. Our results showed that photosynthetic capacity in bracts is much lower than in leaves, and that gm is a limiting factor for bract photosynthesis to a similar extent to stomatal conductance. Bract and the spongy tissue of leaves have lower mesophyll conductance than leaf palisade tissue due to the greater volume fraction of intercellular air spaces, smaller chloroplasts, lower surface area of mesophyll cells and chloroplasts exposed to leaf intercellular air spaces and, perhaps, lower membrane permeability. Comparing bracts with leaf spongy tissue, although bracts have a larger cell wall thickness, they have a similar gm estimated from anatomical characteristics, likely due to the cumulative compensatory effects of subtle differences in each subcellular component, especially chloroplast traits. These results provide the first evidence for anatomical constraints on gm and photosynthesis in non-leaf green organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimei Han
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, P.R. China
| | - Zhangying Lei
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, P.R. China
| | - Jaume Flexas
- Research Group in Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears-Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Yujie Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, P.R. China
| | - Marc Carriquí
- Research Group in Plant Biology under Mediterranean Conditions, Universitat de les Illes Balears-Instituto de Agroecología y Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Wangfeng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, P.R. China
| | - Yali Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, P.R. China
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Gong XY, Tcherkez G, Wenig J, Schäufele R, Schnyder H. Determination of leaf respiration in the light: comparison between an isotopic disequilibrium method and the Laisk method. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1371-1382. [PMID: 29611899 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of leaf respiration is important for understanding plant physiology and ecosystem biogeochemical processes. Leaf respiration continues in the light (RL ) but supposedly at a lower rate than in the dark (RDk ). However, there is no method for direct measurement of RL and the available methods require nonphysiological measurement conditions. A method based on isotopic disequilibrium quantified RL (RL13C ) and mesophyll conductance of young and old fully expanded leaves of six species. RL13C was compared to RL determined by the Laisk method (RL Laisk ) on the very same leaves with a minimum time lag. RL 13C and RL Laisk were generally lower than RDk , and were not significantly affected by leaf ageing. RL Laisk and RL 13C were positively correlated (r2 = 0.35), and both were positively correlated with RDk (r2 ≥ 0.6). RL Laisk was systematically lower than RL 13C by 0.4 μmol m-2 s-1 . Using A/Cc instead of A/Ci curves, a higher photocompensation point Γ* (by 5 μmol mol-1 ) was found but no influence on RL Laisk estimates was observed. The results imply that the Laisk method underestimates actual RL significantly, probably related to the measurement condition of low CO2 and irradiance. The isotopic disequilibrium method is useful for assessing responses of RL to irradiance and CO2 , improving our mechanistic understanding of RL .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ying Gong
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Johannes Wenig
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Rudi Schäufele
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Hans Schnyder
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Buckley TN, Vice H, Adams MA. The Kok effect in Vicia faba cannot be explained solely by changes in chloroplastic CO 2 concentration. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:1064-1071. [PMID: 28857173 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Kok effect - an abrupt decline in quantum yield (QY) of net CO2 assimilation at low photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) - is widely used to estimate respiration in the light (R), which assumes the effect is caused by light suppression of R. A recent report suggested much of the Kok effect can be explained by declining chloroplastic CO2 concentration (cc ) at low PPFD. Several predictions arise from the hypothesis that the Kok effect is caused by declining cc , and we tested these predictions in Vicia faba. We measured CO2 exchange at low PPFD, in 2% and 21% oxygen, in developing and mature leaves, which differed greatly in R in darkness. Our results contradicted each of the predictions based on the cc effect: QY exceeded the theoretical maximum value for photosynthetic CO2 uptake; QY was larger in 21% than 2% oxygen; and the change in QY at the Kok effect breakpoint was unaffected by oxygen. Our results strongly suggest the Kok effect arises largely from a progressive decline in R with PPFD that includes both oxygen-sensitive and -insensitive components. We suggest an improved Kok method that accounts for high cc at low PPFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Buckley
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, University of Sydney, Narrabri, NSW, 2390, Australia
| | - Heather Vice
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Mark A Adams
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Vic, 3122, Australia
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Kinose Y, Fukamachi Y, Okabe S, Hiroshima H, Watanabe M, Izuta T. Photosynthetic responses to ozone of upper and lower canopy leaves of Fagus crenata Blume seedlings grown under different soil nutrient conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 223:213-222. [PMID: 28162800 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to clarify the effects of ozone (O3) on photosynthetic ability of upper and lower canopy leaves of Fagus crenata Blume seedlings grown under different soil nutrient conditions. To accomplish this objective, we analyzed the response of photosynthetic parameters such as maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) to cumulative stomatal O3 uptake (ΣFst) and reduction rate of Vcmax per unit ΣFst as an index of detoxification capacity for O3. The seedlings of Fagus crenata were grown for two growing seasons (2014-2015) in nine treatments comprised of a combination of three levels of gas treatments (charcoal-filtered air or 1.0- or 1.5-times ambient O3 concentration) and three levels of soil nutrient treatments (non-fertilized or a supply of relatively low or high concentrations of compound fertilizer). The nutrient supply significantly increased the degree of O3-induced reduction in Vcmax in September. However, nutrient supply did not significantly increase ΣFst and reduce the detoxification capacity for O3. On the other hand, the degree of O3-induced reduction in Vcmax of upper canopy leaves was higher as compared with that of lower canopy leaves in August due to the higher ΣFst. However, the reduction rate of Vcmax per unit ΣFst in lower canopy leaves was higher than that in upper canopy leaves, indicating lower detoxification capacity for O3 in lower canopy leaves. Reduction rate of Vcmax per unit ΣFst over the threshold, which is assumed to be proportional to gross photosynthetic rate, was similar between upper and lower canopy leaves. Therefore, capacity of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation is likely to be associated with detoxification capacity for O3 in upper and lower canopy leaves of F. crenata seedlings grown under different soil nutrient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Kinose
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Fukamachi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Okabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroka Hiroshima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izuta
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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15
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Veromann-Jürgenson LL, Tosens T, Laanisto L, Niinemets Ü. Extremely thick cell walls and low mesophyll conductance: welcome to the world of ancient living! JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1639-1653. [PMID: 28419340 PMCID: PMC5441924 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesophyll conductance is thought to be an important photosynthetic limitation in gymnosperms, but they currently constitute the most understudied plant group in regard to the extent to which photosynthesis and intrinsic water use efficiency are limited by mesophyll conductance. A comprehensive analysis of leaf gas exchange, photosynthetic limitations, mesophyll conductance (calculated by three methods previously used for across-species comparisons), and the underlying ultra-anatomical, morphological and chemical traits in 11 gymnosperm species varying in evolutionary history was performed to gain insight into the evolution of structural and physiological controls on photosynthesis at the lower return end of the leaf economics spectrum. Two primitive herbaceous species were included in order to provide greater evolutionary context. Low mesophyll conductance was the main limiting factor of photosynthesis in the majority of species. The strongest sources of limitation were extremely thick mesophyll cell walls, high chloroplast thickness and variation in chloroplast shape and size, and the low exposed surface area of chloroplasts per unit leaf area. In gymnosperms, the negative relationship between net assimilation per mass and leaf mass per area reflected an increased mesophyll cell wall thickness, whereas the easy-to-measure integrative trait of leaf mass per area failed to predict the underlying ultrastructural traits limiting mesophyll conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda-Liisa Veromann-Jürgenson
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Tiina Tosens
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Lauri Laanisto
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu 51014, Estonia
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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16
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Martínez-García E, Dadi T, Rubio E, García-Morote FA, Andrés-Abellán M, López-Serrano FR. Aboveground autotrophic respiration in a Spanish black pine forest: Comparison of scaling methods to improve component partitioning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 580:1505-1517. [PMID: 28040216 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Total wood CO2 efflux (Rw) varies vertically within individual trees, and leaves experience large variations in foliar respiration (Rf) rates over their life spans and during daily periods. Therefore, accurate sampling approaches are required to improve aboveground autotrophic respiration (RAa) estimations in stand-scale carbon cycling studies. We scaled-up Rw (comprising stem and branch CO2 efflux; ES and EB, respectively) and Rf from biometric and flux-chamber measurements taken between 2011 and 2013 in a Spanish black pine (Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii) forest at an unburnt (UB) site and a low burn-severity (LS) site. We measured seasonal ES at breast height (1.30m) on 9 trees at each site, which was also vertically examined on 5 of those trees. We also measured seasonal Rf in current- and previous-year needles on 3 trees at each site, and quantified Rf variations in darkness and light. Finally, we compared complex and simple scale-up methods which did or did not account for the vertical variation in Rw and the effects of leaf ageing and light inhibition on Rf, respectively. The simple methods underestimated the annual stand-level stem, branch, and total wood respiration ≈35%, 55%, and 41%, respectively, and overestimated annual stand-level whole-canopy foliage respiration ≈43% at both sites. Both methods provided similar annual stand-level RAa estimates, although the complex methods improved estimations of the relative contribution of RAa components. Thus, based on the complex methods the mean annual RAa at the stand-level was 4.53±0.25 and 4.45±0.12MgCha-1year-1 at the UB and LS sites, respectively. Our data also confirmed that the low-severity fire did not alter the RAa rates. Collectively, this study reveals that complex approaches, applicable in other forest ecosystems, enhance the accuracy of partitioning RAa sources by reducing the error in scaling-up in chamber-based measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Martínez-García
- Department of Science and Agroforestry Technology and Genetics, Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, CP 02071 Albacete, Spain; Environmental Department, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, CP 02071 Albacete, Spain.
| | - T Dadi
- Department of Science and Agroforestry Technology and Genetics, Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, CP 02071 Albacete, Spain; Environmental Department, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, CP 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - E Rubio
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, CP 02071 Albacete, Spain; Environmental Department, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, CP 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - F A García-Morote
- Department of Science and Agroforestry Technology and Genetics, Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, CP 02071 Albacete, Spain; Environmental Department, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, CP 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - M Andrés-Abellán
- Department of Science and Agroforestry Technology and Genetics, Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, CP 02071 Albacete, Spain; Environmental Department, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, CP 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - F R López-Serrano
- Department of Science and Agroforestry Technology and Genetics, Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forestry Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, CP 02071 Albacete, Spain; Environmental Department, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, CP 02071 Albacete, Spain
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17
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Atkin OK, Bahar NHA, Bloomfield KJ, Griffin KL, Heskel MA, Huntingford C, de la Torre AM, Turnbull MH. Leaf Respiration in Terrestrial Biosphere Models. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68703-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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18
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Campa C, Urban L, Mondolot L, Fabre D, Roques S, Lizzi Y, Aarrouf J, Doulbeau S, Breitler JC, Letrez C, Toniutti L, Bertrand B, La Fisca P, Bidel LPR, Etienne H. Juvenile Coffee Leaves Acclimated to Low Light Are Unable to Cope with a Moderate Light Increase. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1126. [PMID: 28769937 PMCID: PMC5509796 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The understorey origin of coffee trees and the strong plasticity of Coffea arabica leaves in relation to contrasting light environments have been largely shown. The adaptability of coffee leaves to changes in light was tested under controlled conditions by increasing the illumination rate on C. arabica var. Naryelis seedlings acclimated to low light conditions and observing leaf responses at three different developmental stages (juvenile, growing and mature). Only mature leaves proved capable of adapting to new light conditions. In these leaves, different major mechanisms were found to contribute to maintaining a good photosynthetic level. With increased illumination, a high photosynthetic response was conserved thanks to fast nitrogen remobilization, as indicated by SPAD values and the photorespiration rate. Efficient photoprotection was accompanied by a great ability to export sucrose, which prevented excessive inhibition of the Calvin cycle by hexose accumulation. In contrast, in younger leaves, increased illumination caused photodamage, observable even after 9 days of treatment. One major finding was that young coffee leaves rely on the accumulation of chlorogenic acids, powerful antioxidant phenolic compounds, to deal with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species rather than on antioxidant enzymes. Due to a lack of efficient photoprotection, a poor ability to export sucrose and inadequate antioxidant protection, younger leaves seemed to be unable to cope with increased illumination. In these leaves, an absence of induced antioxidant enzyme activity was accompanied, in growing leaves, by an absence of antioxidant synthesis or, in juvenile leaves, inefficient synthesis of flavonoids because located in some epidermis cells. These observations showed that coffee leaves, at the beginning of their development, are not equipped to withstand quick switches to higher light levels. Our results confirm that coffee trees, even selected for full sunlight conditions, remain shade plants possessing leaves able to adapt to higher light levels only when mature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine Campa
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité Mixte de Recherche-Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement, IRD, CIRAD, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France
- *Correspondence: Claudine Campa,
| | - Laurent Urban
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre d’Avignon, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture HorticolesAvignon, France
| | - Laurence Mondolot
- Laboratoire de Botanique, Phytochimie et Mycologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5175 Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Fabre
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes Méditérranéennes et TropicalesMontpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Roques
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes Méditérranéennes et TropicalesMontpellier, France
| | - Yves Lizzi
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre d’Avignon, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture HorticolesAvignon, France
| | - Jawad Aarrouf
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre d’Avignon, UR 1115 Plantes et Systèmes de Culture HorticolesAvignon, France
| | - Sylvie Doulbeau
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité Mixte de Recherche-Diversité Adaptation et Développement des Plantes, IRD, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Breitler
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement, IRD, CIRAD, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Céline Letrez
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Unité Mixte de Recherche-Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement, IRD, CIRAD, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Lucile Toniutti
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement, IRD, CIRAD, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Benoit Bertrand
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement, IRD, CIRAD, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Philippe La Fisca
- Laboratoire de Botanique, Phytochimie et Mycologie, Faculté de Pharmacie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5175 Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Montpellier, France
| | - Luc P. R. Bidel
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité Mixte de Recherche-Amélioration Génétique et Adaptation des Plantes Méditerranéennes et TropicalesMontpellier, France
| | - Hervé Etienne
- CIRAD, Unité Mixte de Recherche-Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement, IRD, CIRAD, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France
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Kroner Y, Way DA. Carbon fluxes acclimate more strongly to elevated growth temperatures than to elevated CO2 concentrations in a northern conifer. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:2913-28. [PMID: 26728638 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations will affect tree carbon fluxes, generating potential feedbacks between forests and the global climate system. We studied how elevated temperatures and CO2 impacted leaf carbon dynamics in Norway spruce (Picea abies), a dominant northern forest species, to improve predictions of future photosynthetic and respiratory fluxes from high-latitude conifers. Seedlings were grown under ambient (AC, c. 435 μmol mol(-1) ) or elevated (EC, 750 μmol mol(-1) ) CO2 concentrations at ambient, +4 °C, or +8 °C growing temperatures. Photosynthetic rates (Asat ) were high in +4 °C/EC seedlings and lowest in +8 °C spruce, implying that moderate, but not extreme, climate change may stimulate carbon uptake. Asat , dark respiration (Rdark ), and light respiration (Rlight ) rates acclimated to temperature, but not CO2 : the thermal optimum of Asat increased, and Rdark and Rlight were suppressed under warming. In all treatments, the Q10 of Rlight (the relative increase in respiration for a 10 °C increase in leaf temperature) was 35% higher than the Q10 of Rdark , so the ratio of Rlight to Rdark increased with rising leaf temperature. However, across all treatments and a range of 10-40 °C leaf temperatures, a consistent relationship between Rlight and Rdark was found, which could be used to model Rlight in future climates. Acclimation reduced daily modeled respiratory losses from warm-grown seedlings by 22-56%. When Rlight was modeled as a constant fraction of Rdark , modeled daily respiratory losses were 11-65% greater than when using measured values of Rlight . Our findings highlight the impact of acclimation to future climates on predictions of carbon uptake and losses in northern trees, in particular the need to model daytime respiratory losses from direct measurements of Rlight or appropriate relationships with Rdark .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Kroner
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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20
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El Aou-Ouad H, Montero R, Medrano H, Bota J. Interactive effects of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) and water stress on the physiology of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malvasia de Banyalbufar and Giro-Ros. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 196-197:106-115. [PMID: 27153513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Among several biotic and abiotic stress combinations, interaction between drought and pathogen is one of the most studied combinations in some crops but still not in grapevine. In the present work, we focused on the interaction effects of biotic (GLRaV-3) and abiotic (drought) stresses on grapevine photosynthetic metabolism on two cultivars (cvs. 'Malvasia de Banyalbufar and Giro-Ros'). Non-infected and GLRaV-3 infected potted plants were compared under water stress conditions (WS) and well-watered (WW) conditions. Under WW condition, the results showed that photosynthesis (AN) in both cultivars was decreased by the presence of GLRaV-3. The stomatal conductance (gs) was the main factor for decreasing AN in Malvasia, meanwhile reductions in Giro-Ros were closely related to decreases in gm. The observed differences in gm between both cultivars might result from variation in their leaf anatomical, Giro-Ros having higher values of gm and leaf porosity (in all treatments). Moderate water deficit resulted in a closure of stomata and a decrease in gm accompanied by a decrease in AN in both cultivars. The maximum velocity of carboxylation (Vcmax) and electron transport rate (Jmax) were also reduced under water stress. Moreover, the combined stress resulted in a reduction of most physiological parameters compared to healthy irrigated plants. However, no considerable differences were found between non-infected and virus infected (GLRaV-3) plants under water stress. Most of the results could be explained by the difference of virus concentration between cultivars and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan El Aou-Ouad
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balears, Spain
| | - Rafael Montero
- Institut de Recerca i Formació Agrària i Pesquera (IRFAP), Conselleria d'Agricultura, Medi Ambient i Territori, Govern de les Illes Balears, C/Eusebio Estada n° 145, 07009, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Hipólito Medrano
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balears, Spain
| | - Josefina Bota
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa, km 7.5, 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Balears, Spain.
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Song X, Zhou G, Xu Z, Lv X, Wang Y. A self-photoprotection mechanism helps Stipa baicalensis adapt to future climate change. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25839. [PMID: 27161934 PMCID: PMC4861908 DOI: 10.1038/srep25839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the photosynthetic responses of Stipa baicalensis to relative long-term exposure (42 days) to the predicted elevated temperature and water availability changes to determine the mechanisms through which the plant would acclimate to future climate change. Two thermal regimes (ambient and +4 °C) and three irrigation levels (partial, normal and excess) were used in environmental control chambers. The gas exchange parameters, light response curves and A/Ci curves were determined. The elevated temperature and partial irrigation reduced the net photosynthetic rate due to a limitation in the photosynthetic capacity instead of the intercellular CO2 concentration. Partial irrigation decreased Rubisco activation and limited RuBP regeneration. The reduction in Vcmax increased with increasing temperature. Excess irrigation offset the negative effect of drought and led to a partial recovery of the photosynthetic capacity. Although its light use efficiency was restricted, the use of light and dark respiration by Stipa baicalensis was unchanged. We concluded that nonstomatal limitation was the primary reason for photosynthesis regulation in Stipa baicalensis under relative long-term climate change conditions. Although climate change caused reductions in the light use efficiency and photosynthetic rate, a self-photoprotection mechanism in Stipa baicalensis resulted in its high ability to maintain normal live activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China Meteorological Administration, 46 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhenzhu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaomin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
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22
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Han JM, Meng HF, Wang SY, Jiang CD, Liu F, Zhang WF, Zhang YL. Variability of mesophyll conductance and its relationship with water use efficiency in cotton leaves under drought pretreatment. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 194:61-71. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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23
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Takagi D, Ifuku K, Ikeda KI, Inoue KI, Park P, Tamoi M, Inoue H, Sakamoto K, Saito R, Miyake C. Suppression of Chloroplastic Alkenal/One Oxidoreductase Represses the Carbon Catabolic Pathway in Arabidopsis Leaves during Night. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:2024-39. [PMID: 26884484 PMCID: PMC4825146 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-derived reactive carbonyl species (RCS) possess electrophilic moieties and cause oxidative stress by reacting with cellular components. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has a chloroplast-localized alkenal/one oxidoreductase (AtAOR) for the detoxification of lipid-derived RCS, especially α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the physiological importance of AtAOR and analyzed AtAOR (aor) mutants, including a transfer DNA knockout, aor (T-DNA), and RNA interference knockdown, aor (RNAi), lines. We found that both aor mutants showed smaller plant sizes than wild-type plants when they were grown under day/night cycle conditions. To elucidate the cause of the aor mutant phenotype, we analyzed the photosynthetic rate and the respiration rate by gas-exchange analysis. Subsequently, we found that both wild-type and aor (RNAi) plants showed similar CO2 assimilation rates; however, the respiration rate was lower in aor (RNAi) than in wild-type plants. Furthermore, we revealed that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity decreased and starch degradation during the night was suppressed in aor (RNAi). In contrast, the phenotype of aor (RNAi) was rescued when aor (RNAi) plants were grown under constant light conditions. These results indicate that the smaller plant sizes observed in aor mutants grown under day/night cycle conditions were attributable to the decrease in carbon utilization during the night. Here, we propose that the detoxification of lipid-derived RCS by AtAOR in chloroplasts contributes to the protection of dark respiration and supports plant growth during the night.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Takagi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Ken-Ichi Ikeda
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Kanako Ikeda Inoue
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Pyoyun Park
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Masahiro Tamoi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Hironori Inoue
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Katsuhiko Sakamoto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Ryota Saito
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
| | - Chikahiro Miyake
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agricultural Science (D.T., K.-i.I., K.I.I., P.P., H.I., K.S., R.S., C.M.), and Center for Support to Research and Education Activities (P.P.), Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan;Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan (K.I.); andFaculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan (M.T.)
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24
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Kitao M, Yazaki K, Kitaoka S, Fukatsu E, Tobita H, Komatsu M, Maruyama Y, Koike T. Mesophyll conductance in leaves of Japanese white birch (Betula platyphylla var. japonica) seedlings grown under elevated CO2 concentration and low N availability. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 155:435-45. [PMID: 25690946 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that mesophyll conductance (gm ) would be reduced by leaf starch accumulation in plants grown under elevated CO2 concentration [CO2 ], we investigated gm in seedlings of Japanese white birch grown under ambient and elevated [CO2 ] with an adequate and limited nitrogen supply using simultaneous gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. Both elevated [CO2 ] and limited nitrogen supply decreased area-based leaf N accompanied with a decrease in the maximum rate of Rubisco carboxylation (Vc,max ) on a CO2 concentration at chloroplast stroma (Cc ) basis. Conversely, only seedlings grown at elevated [CO2 ] under limited nitrogen supply had significantly higher leaf starch content with significantly lower gm among the treatment combinations. Based on a leaf anatomical analysis using microscopic photographs, however, there were no significant difference in the area of chloroplast surfaces facing intercellular space per unit leaf area among treatment combinations. Thicker cell walls were suggested in plants grown under limited N by increases in leaf mass per area subtracting non-structural carbohydrates. These results suggest that starch accumulation and/or thicker cell walls in the leaves grown at elevated [CO2 ] under limited N supply might hinder CO2 diffusion in chloroplasts and cell walls, which would be an additional cause of photosynthetic downregulation as well as a reduction in Rubisco activity related to the reduced leaf N under elevated [CO2 ].
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sapporo 062-8516, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yazaki
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kitaoka
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
| | - Eitaro Fukatsu
- Kyushu Regional Breeding Office, Forest Tree Breeding Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Koshi 861-1102, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tobita
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sapporo 062-8516, Japan
| | - Masabumi Komatsu
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
| | - Yutaka Maruyama
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan
- Hokkaido Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Sapporo 062-8516, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Koike
- Department of Forest Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
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25
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Chen JW, Cao KF. A possible link between hydraulic properties and leaf habits in Hevea brasiliensis. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2015; 42:718-726. [PMID: 32480715 DOI: 10.1071/fp14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A link exists between hydraulic traits and leaf habit. However, few attempts have addressed a possible link between hydraulic traits and altered leaf habit in introduced ranges. Within its native range, the Amazon rainforest, Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss) Muell. Arg. is an evergreen but it becomes drought-deciduous in non-native ranges. The reason for this change remains poorly understood. The hydraulic-related traits, gas exchange rates and water status of H. brasiliensis and the co-occurring evergreen Drypetes indica (Muell. Arg.) Pax et Hoffm. were examined in Xishuangbanna, China. The water potential at turgor loss point in both species almost overlapped, but the water potential at which leaf relative water content reached 70% was more negative in D. indica. The water loss rate from excised leaves was quicker in H. brasiliensis. Leaf and stem hydraulic conductivity were more susceptible to drought-induced embolisms in H. brasiliensis than in D. indica. Vessels were significantly wider in H. brasiliensis but D. indica had more vessels. H. brasiliensis displayed higher rain-season gas exchange rates than D. indica. During the dry season, low soil water potential rendered water transport inefficient in H. brasiliensis; this effect was less pronounced in D. indica. D. indica has traits that help prevent hydraulic failure but has a low photosynthetic capacity. The opposite was found for H. brasiliensis. The results suggest that a combination of hydraulic traits, gas exchange characteristics and water status during the dry season might trigger a change in the leaf habits of H. brasiliensis in introduced ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wen Chen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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26
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Peraudeau S, Lafarge T, Roques S, Quiñones CO, Clement-Vidal A, Ouwerkerk PBF, Van Rie J, Fabre D, Jagadish KSV, Dingkuhn M. Effect of carbohydrates and night temperature on night respiration in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:3931-44. [PMID: 25954047 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Global warming causes night temperature (NT) to increase faster than day temperature in the tropics. According to crop growth models, respiration incurs a loss of 40-60% of photosynthate. The thermal sensitivity of night respiration (R(n)) will thus reduce biomass. Instantaneous and acclimated effects of NT on R(n) of leaves and seedlings of two rice cultivars having a variable level of carbohydrates, induced by exposure to different light intensity on the previous day, were investigated. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse and growth chambers, with R(n) measured on the youngest fully expanded leaves or whole seedlings. Dry weight-based R(n) was 2.6-fold greater for seedlings than for leaves. Leaf R(n) was linearly related to starch (positive intercept) and soluble sugar concentration (zero intercept). Increased NT caused higher R(n) at a given carbohydrate concentration. The change of R(n) at NT increasing from 21 °C to 31 °C was 2.4-fold for the instantaneous response but 1.2- to 1.7-fold after acclimation. The maintenance component of R(n) (R(m)'), estimated by assimilate starvation, averaged 28% in seedlings and 34% in leaves, with no significant thermal effect on this ratio. The acclimated effect of increased NT on R(m)' across experiments was 1.5-fold for a 10 °C increase in NT. No cultivar differences were observed in R(n) or R(m)' responses. The results suggest that the commonly used Q10=2 rule overestimates thermal response of respiration, and R(n) largely depends on assimilate resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cherryl O Quiñones
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Crop and Environment Science Division (CESD), DAPO Box 7777 Metro Manila, Philippines
| | | | - Pieter B F Ouwerkerk
- Bayer CropScience NV, Innovation Center, Technologie park 38, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Van Rie
- Bayer CropScience NV, Innovation Center, Technologie park 38, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Denis Fabre
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Krishna S V Jagadish
- International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Crop and Environment Science Division (CESD), DAPO Box 7777 Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Michael Dingkuhn
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, F-34398 Montpellier, France International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Crop and Environment Science Division (CESD), DAPO Box 7777 Metro Manila, Philippines
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27
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Way DA, Oren R, Kroner Y. The space-time continuum: the effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on trees and the importance of scaling. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:991-1007. [PMID: 25737035 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To predict how forests will respond to rising temperatures and atmospheric CO₂ concentrations, we need to understand how trees respond to both of these environmental factors. In this review, we discuss the importance of scaling, moving from leaf-level responses to those of the canopy, and from short-term to long-term responses of vegetation to climate change. While our knowledge of leaf-level, instantaneous responses of photosynthesis, respiration, stomatal conductance, transpiration and water-use efficiency to elevated CO₂ and temperature is quite good, our ability to scale these responses up to larger spatial and temporal scales is less developed. We highlight which physiological processes are least understood at various levels of study, and discuss how ignoring differences in the spatial or temporal scale of a physiological process impedes our ability to predict how forest carbon and water fluxes forests will be altered in the future. We also synthesize data from the literature to show that light respiration follows a generalized temperature response across studies, and that the light compensation point of photosynthesis is reduced by elevated growth CO₂. Lastly, we emphasize the need to move beyond single factorial experiments whenever possible, and to combine both CO₂ and temperature treatments in studies of tree performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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28
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Weise SE, Carr DJ, Bourke AM, Hanson DT, Swarthout D, Sharkey TD. The arc mutants of Arabidopsis with fewer large chloroplasts have a lower mesophyll conductance. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 124:117-26. [PMID: 25733184 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic cells of most land plant lineages have numerous small chloroplasts even though most algae, and even the early diverging land plant group the hornworts, tend to have one or a few large chloroplasts. One constraint that small chloroplasts could improve is the resistance to CO2 diffusion from the atmosphere to the chloroplast stroma. We examined the mesophyll conductance (inverse of the diffusion resistance) of mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants with one or only a few large chloroplasts per cell. The accumulation and replication of chloroplasts (arc) mutants of A. thaliana were studied by model fitting to gas exchange data and (13)CO2 discrimination during carbon fixation. The two methods generally agreed, but the value of the CO2 compensation point of Rubisco (Γ *) used in the model had a large impact on the estimated photosynthetic parameters, including mesophyll conductance. We found that having only a few large chloroplasts per cell resulted in a 25-50 % reduction in the mesophyll conductance at ambient CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E Weise
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, Room 201, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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Estimating daytime ecosystem respiration to improve estimates of gross primary production of a temperate forest. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113512. [PMID: 25419844 PMCID: PMC4242619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf respiration is an important component of carbon exchange in terrestrial ecosystems, and estimates of leaf respiration directly affect the accuracy of ecosystem carbon budgets. Leaf respiration is inhibited by light; therefore, gross primary production (GPP) will be overestimated if the reduction in leaf respiration by light is ignored. However, few studies have quantified GPP overestimation with respect to the degree of light inhibition in forest ecosystems. To determine the effect of light inhibition of leaf respiration on GPP estimation, we assessed the variation in leaf respiration of seedlings of the dominant tree species in an old mixed temperate forest with different photosynthetically active radiation levels using the Laisk method. Canopy respiration was estimated by combining the effect of light inhibition on leaf respiration of these species with within-canopy radiation. Leaf respiration decreased exponentially with an increase in light intensity. Canopy respiration and GPP were overestimated by approximately 20.4% and 4.6%, respectively, when leaf respiration reduction in light was ignored compared with the values obtained when light inhibition of leaf respiration was considered. This study indicates that accurate estimates of daytime ecosystem respiration are needed for the accurate evaluation of carbon budgets in temperate forests. In addition, this study provides a valuable approach to accurately estimate GPP by considering leaf respiration reduction in light in other ecosystems.
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30
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Kelly G, Sade N, Attia Z, Secchi F, Zwieniecki M, Holbrook NM, Levi A, Alchanatis V, Moshelion M, Granot D. Relationship between hexokinase and the aquaporin PIP1 in the regulation of photosynthesis and plant growth. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87888. [PMID: 24498392 PMCID: PMC3912149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of the aquaporin NtAQP1, which is known to function as a plasmalemma channel for CO₂ and water, increases the rate of both photosynthesis and transpiration. In contrast, increased expression of Arabidopsis hexokinase1 (AtHXK1), a dual-function enzyme that mediates sugar sensing, decreases the expression of photosynthetic genes and the rate of transpiration and inhibits growth. Here, we show that AtHXK1 also decreases root and stem hydraulic conductivity and leaf mesophyll CO₂ conductance (g(m)). Due to their opposite effects on plant development and physiology, we examined the relationship between NtAQP1 and AtHXK1 at the whole-plant level using transgenic tomato plants expressing both genes simultaneously. NtAQP1 significantly improved growth and increased the transpiration rates of AtHXK1-expressing plants. Reciprocal grafting experiments indicated that this complementation occurs when both genes are expressed simultaneously in the shoot. Yet, NtAQP1 had only a marginal effect on the hydraulic conductivity of the double-transgenic plants, suggesting that the complementary effect of NtAQP1 is unrelated to shoot water transport. Rather, NtAQP1 significantly increased leaf mesophyll CO₂ conductance and enhanced the rate of photosynthesis, suggesting that NtAQP1 facilitated the growth of the double-transgenic plants by enhancing mesophyll conductance of CO₂.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilor Kelly
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
- The Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nir Sade
- The Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Attia
- The Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Francesca Secchi
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Maciej Zwieniecki
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - N. Michele Holbrook
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Asher Levi
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Victor Alchanatis
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Menachem Moshelion
- The Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - David Granot
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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31
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Sade N, Gallé A, Flexas J, Lerner S, Peleg G, Yaaran A, Moshelion M. Differential tissue-specific expression of NtAQP1 in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals a role for this protein in stomatal and mesophyll conductance of CO₂ under standard and salt-stress conditions. PLANTA 2014; 239:357-66. [PMID: 24170337 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1988-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of plant hydraulic conductance and gas conductance involves a number of different morphological, physiological and molecular mechanisms working in harmony. At the molecular level, aquaporins play a key role in the transport of water, as well as CO₂, through cell membranes. Yet, their tissue-related function, which controls whole-plant gas exchange and water relations, is less understood. In this study, we examined the tissue-specific effects of the stress-induced tobacco Aquaporin1 (NtAQP1), which functions as both a water and CO₂ channel, on whole-plant behavior. In tobacco and tomato plants, constitutive overexpression of NtAQP1 increased net photosynthesis (A(N)), mesophyll CO₂ conductance (g(m)) and stomatal conductance (g(s)) and, under stress, increased root hydraulic conductivity (L(pr)) as well. Our results revealed that NtAQP1 that is specifically expressed in the mesophyll tissue plays an important role in increasing both A(N) and g(m). Moreover, targeting NtAQP1 expression to the cells of the vascular envelope significantly improved the plants' stress response. Surprisingly, NtAQP1 expression in the guard cells did not have a significant effect under any of the tested conditions. The tissue-specific involvement of NtAQP1 in hydraulic and gas conductance via the interaction between the vasculature and the stomata is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Sade
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 76100, Rehovot, Israel
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Heskel MA, Atkin OK, Turnbull MH, Griffin KL. Bringing the Kok effect to light: A review on the integration of daytime respiration and net ecosystem exchange. Ecosphere 2013. [DOI: 10.1890/es13-00120.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Li P, Ma F, Cheng L. Primary and secondary metabolism in the sun-exposed peel and the shaded peel of apple fruit. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2013; 148:9-24. [PMID: 22989296 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01692.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids and phenolics was compared between the sun-exposed peel and the shaded peel of apple fruit. Contents of sorbitol and glucose were higher in the sun-exposed peel, whereas those of sucrose and fructose were almost the same in the two peel types. This was related to lower sorbitol dehydrogenase activity and higher activities of sorbitol oxidase, neutral invertase and acid invertase in the sun-exposed peel. The lower starch content in the sun-exposed peel was related to lower sucrose synthase activity early in fruit development. Dark respiratory metabolism in the sun-exposed peel was enhanced by the high peel temperature due to high light exposure. Activities of most enzymes in respiratory metabolism were higher in the sun-exposed peel, but the concentrations of most organic acids were relatively stable, except pyruvate and oxaloacetate. Due to the different availability of carbon skeletons from dark respiration in the two peel types, amino acids with higher C/N ratios are accumulated in the sun-exposed peel whereas those with lower C/N ratios are accumulated in the shaded peel. Contents of anthocyanins and flavonols and activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, UDP-galactose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase and several other enzymes were higher in the sun-exposed peel than in the shaded peel, indicating the entire phenylpropanoid pathway is upregulated in the sun-exposed peel. Comprehensive analyses of the metabolites and activities of enzymes involved in primary metabolism and secondary metabolism have allowed us to gain a full picture of the metabolic network in the two peel types under natural light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Ogutu BO, Dash J. An algorithm to derive the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by photosynthetic elements of the canopy (FAPAR(ps)) from eddy covariance flux tower data. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2013; 197:511-523. [PMID: 23173991 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FAPAR) is a key vegetation biophysical variable in most production efficiency models (PEMs). Operational FAPAR products derived from satellite data do not distinguish between the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorbed by nonphotosynthetic and photosynthetic components of vegetation canopy, which would result in errors in representation of the exact absorbed PAR utilized in photosynthesis. The possibility of deriving only the fraction of PAR absorbed by photosynthetic elements of the canopy (i.e. FAPAR(ps) ) was investigated. The approach adopted involved inversion of net ecosystem exchange data from eddy covariance measurements to calculate FAPAR(ps) . The derived FAPAR(ps) was then related to three vegetation indices (i.e. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (MTCI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)) in an attempt to determine their potential as surrogates for FAPAR(ps) . Finally, the FAPAR(ps) was evaluated against two operational satellite data-derived FAPAR products (i.e. MODIS and CYCLOPES products). The maximum FAPAR(ps) from the inversion approach ranged between 0.6 and 0.8. The inversion approach also predicted site-specific Q₁₀-modelled daytime respiration successfully (R² > 0.8). The vegetation indices were positively correlated (R² = 0.67-0.88) to the FAPAR(ps). Finally, the two operational FAPAR products overestimated the FAPAR(ps). This was attributed to the two products deriving FAPAR for the whole canopy rather than for only photosynthetic elements in the canopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Booker O Ogutu
- Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jadunandan Dash
- Geography and Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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Heskel MA, Anderson OR, Atkin OK, Turnbull MH, Griffin KL. Leaf- and cell-level carbon cycling responses to a nitrogen and phosphorus gradient in two Arctic tundra species. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2012; 99:1702-1714. [PMID: 22984095 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Consequences of global climate change are detectable in the historically nitrogen- and phosphorus-limited Arctic tundra landscape and have implications for the terrestrial carbon cycle. Warmer temperatures and elevated soil nutrient availability associated with increased microbial activity may influence rates of photosynthesis and respiration. • METHODS This study examined leaf-level gas exchange, cellular ultrastructure, and related leaf traits in two dominant tundra species, Betula nana, a woody shrub, and Eriophorum vaginatum, a tussock sedge, under a 3-yr-old treatment gradient of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilization in the North Slope of Alaska. • KEY RESULTS Respiration increased with N and P addition-the highest rates corresponding to the highest concentrations of leaf N in both species. The inhibition of respiration by light ("Kok effect") significantly reduced respiration rates in both species (P < 0.001), ranged from 12-63% (mean 34%), and generally decreased with fertilization for both species. However, in both species, observed rates of photosynthesis did not increase, and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency generally decreased under increasing fertilization. Chloroplast and mitochondrial size and density were highly sensitive to N and P fertilization (P < 0.001), though species interactions indicated divergent cellular organizational strategies. • CONCLUSIONS Results from this study demonstrate a species-specific decoupling of respiration and photosynthesis under N and P fertilization, implying an alteration of the carbon balance of the tundra ecosystem under future conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Heskel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, & Environmental Biology, 1200 Amsterdam Avenue, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA.
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Kitao M, Winkler JB, Löw M, Nunn AJ, Kuptz D, Häberle KH, Reiter IM, Matyssek R. How closely does stem growth of adult beech (Fagus sylvatica) relate to net carbon gain under experimentally enhanced ozone stress? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 166:108-115. [PMID: 22487316 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Revised: 03/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis was tested that O(3)-induced changes in leaf-level photosynthetic parameters have the capacity of limiting the seasonal photosynthetic carbon gain of adult beech trees. To this end, canopy-level photosynthetic carbon gain and respiratory carbon loss were assessed in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) by using a physiologically based model, integrating environmental and photosynthetic parameters. The latter were derived from leaves at various canopy positions under the ambient O(3) regime, as prevailing at the forest site (control), or under an experimental twice-ambient O(3) regime (elevated O(3)), as released through a free-air canopy O(3) fumigation system. Gross carbon gain at the canopy-level declined by 1.7%, while respiratory carbon loss increased by 4.6% under elevated O(3). As this outcome only partly accounts for the decline in stem growth, O(3)-induced changes in allocation are referred to and discussed as crucial in quantitatively linking carbon gain with stem growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutoshi Kitao
- Department of Plant Ecology, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-8687, Japan.
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Crous KY, Zaragoza-Castells J, Ellsworth DS, Duursma RA, Löw M, Tissue DT, Atkin OK. Light inhibition of leaf respiration in field-grown Eucalyptus saligna in whole-tree chambers under elevated atmospheric CO2 and summer drought. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:966-81. [PMID: 22091780 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether the degree of light inhibition of leaf respiration (R) differs among large Eucalyptus saligna grown in whole-tree chambers and exposed to present and future atmospheric [CO(2) ] and summer drought. Associated with month-to-month changes in temperature were concomitant changes in R in the light (R(light) ) and darkness (R(dark) ), with both processes being more temperature dependent in well-watered trees than under drought. Overall rates of R(light) and R(dark) were not significantly affected by [CO(2) ]. By contrast, overall rates of R(dark) (averaged across both [CO(2) ]) were ca. 25% lower under drought than in well-watered trees. During summer, the degree of light inhibition of leaf R was greater in droughted (ca. 80% inhibition) than well-watered trees (ca. 50% inhibition). Notwithstanding these treatment differences, an overall positive relationship was observed between R(light) and R(dark) when data from all months/treatments were combined (R(2) = 0.8). Variations in R(light) were also positively correlated with rates of Rubisco activity and nitrogen concentration. Light inhibition resulted in a marked decrease in the proportion of light-saturated photosynthesis respired (i.e. reduced R/A(sat) ). Collectively, these results highlight the need to account for light inhibition when assessing impacts of global change drivers on the carbon economy of tree canopies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Y Crous
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Galle A, Florez-Sarasa I, Aououad HE, Flexas J. The Mediterranean evergreen Quercus ilex and the semi-deciduous Cistus albidus differ in their leaf gas exchange regulation and acclimation to repeated drought and re-watering cycles. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:5207-16. [PMID: 21813795 PMCID: PMC3193022 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 06/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants may exhibit some degree of acclimation after experiencing drought, but physiological adjustments to consecutive cycles of drought and re-watering (recovery) have scarcely been studied. The Mediterranean evergreen holm oak (Q. ilex) and the semi-deciduous rockrose (C. albidus) showed some degree of acclimation after the first of three drought cycles (S1, S2, and S3). For instance, during S2 and S3 both species retained higher relative leaf water contents than during S1, despite reaching similar leaf water potentials. However, both species showed remarkable differences in their photosynthetic acclimation to repeated drought cycles. Both species decreased photosynthesis to a similar extent during the three cycles (20-40% of control values). However, after S1 and S2, photosynthesis recovered only to 80% of control values in holm oak, due to persistently low stomatal (g(s)) and mesophyll (g(m)) conductances to CO(2). Moreover, leaf intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE) was kept almost constant in this species during the entire experiment. By contrast, photosynthesis of rockrose recovered almost completely after each drought cycle (90-100% of control values), while the WUE was largely and permanently increased (by 50-150%, depending on the day) after S1. This was due to a regulation which consisted in keeping g(s) low (recovering to 50-60% of control values after re-watering) while maintaining a high g(m) (even exceeding control values during re-watering). While the mechanisms to achieve such particular regulation of water and CO(2) diffusion in leaves are unknown, it clearly represents a unique acclimation feature of this species after a drought cycle, which allows it a much better performance during successive drought events. Thus, differences in the photosynthetic acclimation to repeated drought cycles can have important consequences on the relative fitness of different Mediterranean species or growth forms within the frame of climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Galle
- 'Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterrànies', Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Lusk CH, Pérez-Millaqueo MM, Piper FI, Saldaña A. Ontogeny, understorey light interception and simulated carbon gain of juvenile rainforest evergreens differing in shade tolerance. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2011; 108:419-28. [PMID: 21856637 PMCID: PMC3158685 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcr166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A long-running debate centres on whether shade tolerance of tree seedlings is mainly a function of traits maximizing net carbon gain in low light, or of traits minimizing carbon loss. To test these alternatives, leaf display, light-interception efficiency, and simulated net daily carbon gain of juvenile temperate evergreens of differing shade tolerance were measured, and how these variables are influenced by ontogeny was queried. METHODS The biomass distribution of juveniles (17-740 mm tall) of seven temperate rainforest evergreens growing in low (approx. 4 %) light in the understorey of a second-growth stand was quantified. Daytime and night-time gas exchange rates of leaves were also determined, and crown architecture was recorded digitally. YPLANT was used to model light interception and carbon gain. RESULTS An index of species shade tolerance correlated closely with photosynthetic capacities and respiration rates per unit mass of leaves, but only weakly with respiration per unit area. Accumulation of many leaf cohorts by shade-tolerant species meant that their ratios of foliage area to biomass (LAR) decreased more gradually with ontogeny than those of light-demanders, but also increased self-shading; this depressed the foliage silhouette-to-area ratio (STAR), which was used as an index of light-interception efficiency. As a result, displayed leaf area ratio (LAR(d) = LAR × STAR) of large seedlings was not related to species shade tolerance. Self-shading also caused simulated net daily carbon assimilation rates of shade-tolerant species to decrease with ontogeny, leading to a negative correlation of shade tolerance with net daily carbon gain of large (500 mm tall) seedlings in the understorey. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that efficiency of energy capture is not an important correlate of shade tolerance in temperate rainforest evergreens. Ontogenetic increases in self-shading largely nullify the potential carbon gain advantages expected to result from low respiration rates and long leaf lifespans in shade-tolerant evergreens. The main advantage of their long-lived leaves is probably in reducing the costs of crown maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Lusk
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Yin X, Sun Z, Struik PC, Gu J. Evaluating a new method to estimate the rate of leaf respiration in the light by analysis of combined gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:3489-99. [PMID: 21382918 PMCID: PMC3130174 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Day respiration (R(d)) is an important parameter in leaf ecophysiology. It is difficult to measure directly and is indirectly estimated from gas exchange (GE) measurements of the net photosynthetic rate (A), commonly using the Laisk method or the Kok method. Recently a new method was proposed to estimate R(d) indirectly from combined GE and chlorophyll fluorescence (CF) measurements across a range of low irradiances. Here this method is tested for estimating R(d) in five C(3) and one C(4) crop species. Values estimated by this new method agreed with those by the Laisk method for the C(3) species. The Laisk method, however, is only valid for C(3) species and requires measurements at very low CO(2) levels. In contrast, the new method can be applied to both C(3) and C(4) plants and at any CO(2) level. The R(d) estimates by the new method were consistently somewhat higher than those by the Kok method, because using CF data corrects for errors due to any non-linearity between A and irradiance of the used data range. Like the Kok and Laisk methods, the new method is based on the assumption that R(d) varies little with light intensity, which is still subject to debate. Theoretically, the new method, like the Kok method, works best for non-photorespiratory conditions. As CF information is required, data for the new method are usually collected using a small leaf chamber, whereas the Kok and Laisk methods use only GE data, allowing the use of a larger chamber to reduce the noise-to-signal ratio of GE measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Markos N, Kyparissis A. Ecophysiological modelling of leaf level photosynthetic performance for three Mediterranean species with different growth forms. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2011; 38:314-326. [PMID: 32480887 DOI: 10.1071/fp10155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A leaf gross photosynthesis (A) model for three Mediterranean species from different functional groups (the evergreen sclerophyll Arbutus unedo L., the deciduous tree Quercus frainetto Ten. and the semi-deciduous shrub Phlomis fruticosa L.) has been developed through a 3-year seasonal study of gas exchange and plant ecophysiological parameters. The model estimates photosynthesis through four easily measured ecophysiological parameters (chlorophyll content, leaf mass per area (LMA), pre-dawn water potential, leaf temperature) and two meteorological parameters (PAR and average temperature of the 33-day period before measurement (T33)), with a coefficient of determination r2=0.88 (P<0.001). The enhanced accuracy of the presented model may be ascribed to the incorporation of (i) water potential effects on A and (ii) temperature effects on A not only in the short term, but also in the long term (acclimation). Water potential and temperature effects may be considered especially important for species of Mediterranean ecosystems, where strong seasonal variation of these parameters often have a major role in plant growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Markos
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Aris Kyparissis
- Laboratory of Botany, Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Buckley TN, Adams MA. An analytical model of non-photorespiratory CO₂release in the light and dark in leaves of C₃species based on stoichiometric flux balance. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2011; 34:89-112. [PMID: 21039609 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Leaf respiration continues in the light but at a reduced rate. This inhibition is highly variable, and the mechanisms are poorly known, partly due to the lack of a formal model that can generate testable hypotheses. We derived an analytical model for non-photorespiratory CO₂ release by solving steady-state supply/demand equations for ATP, NADH and NADPH, coupled to a widely used photosynthesis model. We used this model to evaluate causes for suppression of respiration by light. The model agrees with many observations, including highly variable suppression at saturating light, greater suppression in mature leaves, reduced assimilatory quotient (ratio of net CO₂ and O₂ exchange) concurrent with nitrate reduction and a Kok effect (discrete change in quantum yield at low light). The model predicts engagement of non-phosphorylating pathways at moderate to high light, or concurrent with processes that yield ATP and NADH, such as fatty acid or terpenoid synthesis. Suppression of respiration is governed largely by photosynthetic adenylate balance, although photorespiratory NADH may contribute at sub-saturating light. Key questions include the precise diel variation of anabolism and the ATP : 2e⁻ ratio for photophosphorylation. Our model can focus experimental research and is a step towards a fully process-based model of CO₂ exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Buckley
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA.
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Niinemets Ü, Copolovici L, Hüve K. High within-canopy variation in isoprene emission potentials in temperate trees: Implications for predicting canopy-scale isoprene fluxes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jg001436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rasulov B, Hüve K, Bichele I, Laisk A, Niinemets Ü. Temperature response of isoprene emission in vivo reflects a combined effect of substrate limitations and isoprene synthase activity: a kinetic analysis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 154:1558-70. [PMID: 20837700 PMCID: PMC2971629 DOI: 10.1104/pp.110.162081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The responses of isoprene emission rate to temperature are characterized by complex time-dependent behaviors that are currently not entirely understood. To gain insight into the temperature dependencies of isoprene emission, we studied steady-state and transient responses of isoprene emission from hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides) leaves using a fast-response gas-exchange system coupled to a proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometer. A method based on postillumination isoprene release after rapid temperature transients was developed to determine the rate constant of isoprene synthase (IspS), the pool size of its substrate dimethylallyldiphosphate (DMADP), and to separate the component processes of the temperature dependence of isoprene emission. Temperature transients indicated that over the temperature range 25°C to 45°C, IspS was thermally stable and operated in the linear range of its substrate DMADP concentration. The in vivo rate constant of IspS obeyed the Arrhenius law, with an activation energy of 42.8 kJ mol(-1). In contrast, steady-state isoprene emission had a significantly lower temperature optimum than IspS and higher activation energy. The reversible temperature-dependent decrease in the rate of isoprene emission between 35°C and 44°C was caused by decreases in DMADP concentration, possibly reflecting reduced pools of energetic metabolites generated in photosynthesis, particularly of ATP. Strong control of isoprene temperature responses by the DMADP pool implies that transient temperature responses under fluctuating conditions in the field are driven by initial DMADP pool size as well as temperature-dependent modifications in DMADP pool size during temperature transients. These results have important implications for the development of process-based models of isoprene emission.
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Kromdijk J, Griffiths H, Schepers HE. Can the progressive increase of C₄ bundle sheath leakiness at low PFD be explained by incomplete suppression of photorespiration? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2010; 33:1935-1948. [PMID: 20561250 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2010.02196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The ability to concentrate CO₂ around Rubisco allows C₄ crops to suppress photorespiration. However, as phosphoenolpyruvate regeneration requires ATP, the energetic efficiency of the C₄ pathway at low photosynthetic flux densities (PFD) becomes a balancing act between primary fixation and concentration of CO₂ in mesophyll (M) cells, and CO₂ reduction in bundle sheath (BS) cells. At low PFD, retro-diffusion of CO₂ from BS cells, relative to the rate of bicarbonate fixation in M cells (termed leakiness φ), is known to increase. This paper investigates whether this increase in ϕ could be explained by incomplete inhibition of photorespiration. The PFD response of φ was measured at various O₂ partial pressures in young Zea mays plants grown at 250 (LL) and 750 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ PFD (HL). φ increased at low PFD and was positively correlated with O₂ partial pressure. Low PFD during growth caused BS conductance and interveinal distance to be lower in the LL plants, compared to the HL plants, which correlated with lower φ. Model analysis showed that incomplete inhibition of photorespiration, especially in the HL plants, and an increase in the relative contribution of mitochondrial respiration at low PFD could explain the observed increases in φ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kromdijk
- Physiological Ecology, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB23EA, UK.
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Effects of atmospheric CO2 concentration, irradiance, and soil nitrogen availability on leaf photosynthetic traits of Polygonum sachalinense around natural CO2 springs in northern Japan. Oecologia 2010; 164:41-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-010-1635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Schneider J, Kutzbach L, Schulz S, Wilmking M. Overestimation of CO2respiration fluxes by the closed chamber method in low-turbulence nighttime conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jg000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chen JW, Zhang Q, Li XS, Cao KF. Independence of stem and leaf hydraulic traits in six Euphorbiaceae tree species with contrasting leaf phenology. PLANTA 2009; 230:459-68. [PMID: 19495788 PMCID: PMC2715567 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-009-0959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydraulic traits and hydraulic-related structural properties were examined in three deciduous (Hevea brasiliensis, Macaranga denticulate, and Bischofia javanica) and three evergreen (Drypetes indica, Aleurites moluccana, and Codiaeum variegatum) Euphorbiaceae tree species from a seasonally tropical forest in south-western China. Xylem water potential at 50% loss of stem hydraulic conductivity (P50(stem)) was more negative in the evergreen tree, but leaf water potential at 50% loss of leaf hydraulic conductivity (P50(leaf)) did not function as P50(stem) did. Furthermore, P50(stem) was more negative than P50(leaf) in the evergreen tree; contrarily, this pattern was not observed in the deciduous tree. Leaf hydraulic conductivity overlapped considerably, but stem hydraulic conductivity diverged between the evergreen and deciduous tree. Correspondingly, structural properties of leaves overlapped substantially; however, structural properties of stem diverged markedly. Consequently, leaf and stem hydraulic traits were closely correlated with leaf and stem structural properties, respectively. Additionally, stem hydraulic efficiency was significantly correlated with stem hydraulic resistance to embolism; nevertheless, such a hydraulic pattern was not found in leaf hydraulics. Thus, these results suggest: (1) that the evergreen and deciduous tree mainly diverge in stem hydraulics, but not in leaf hydraulics, (2) that regardless of leaf or stem, their hydraulic traits result primarily from structural properties, and not from leaf phenology, (3) that leaves are more vulnerable to drought-induced embolism than stem in the evergreen tree, but not always in the deciduous tree and (4) that there exists a trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety for stem hydraulics, but not for leaf hydraulics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wen Chen
- Kunming Division, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, 650223 Kunming, Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201 Kunming, Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Kunming Division, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, 650223 Kunming, Yunnan People’s Republic of China
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, Guangdong People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Shuang Li
- Kunming Division, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, 650223 Kunming, Yunnan People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- Kunming Division, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Xuefu Road, 650223 Kunming, Yunnan People’s Republic of China
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Yin X, Struik PC, Romero P, Harbinson J, Evers JB, VAN DER Putten PEL, Vos J. Using combined measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence to estimate parameters of a biochemical C photosynthesis model: a critical appraisal and a new integrated approach applied to leaves in a wheat (Triticum aestivum) canopy. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2009; 32:448-64. [PMID: 19183300 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.01934.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We appraised the literature and described an approach to estimate the parameters of the Farquhar, von Caemmerer and Berry model using measured CO(2) assimilation rate (A) and photosystem II (PSII) electron transport efficiency (Phi(2)). The approach uses curve fitting to data of A and Phi(2) at various levels of incident irradiance (I(inc)), intercellular CO(2) (C(i)) and O(2). Estimated parameters include day respiration (R(d)), conversion efficiency of I(inc) into linear electron transport of PSII under limiting light [kappa(2(LL))], electron transport capacity (J(max)), curvature factor (theta) for the non-rectangular hyperbolic response of electron flux to I(inc), ribulose 1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) CO(2)/O(2) specificity (S(c/o)), Rubisco carboxylation capacity (V(cmax)), rate of triose phosphate utilization (T(p)) and mesophyll conductance (g(m)). The method is used to analyse combined gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements on leaves of various ages and positions in wheat plants grown at two nitrogen levels. Estimated S(c/o) (25 degrees C) was 3.13 mbar microbar(-1); R(d) was lower than respiration in the dark; J(max) was lower and theta was higher at 2% than at 21% O(2); kappa(2(LL)), V(cmax), J(max) and T(p) correlated to leaf nitrogen content; and g(m) decreased with increasing C(i) and with decreasing I(inc). Based on the parameter estimates, we surmised that there was some alternative electron transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Atkin OK, Macherel D. The crucial role of plant mitochondria in orchestrating drought tolerance. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2009; 103:581-97. [PMID: 18552366 PMCID: PMC2707344 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcn094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2007] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around the world, the frequency and intensity of droughts is increasing as a result of global climate change, with important consequences for the growth and survival of agricultural and native plant species. Understanding how plants respond to water stress is thus crucial for predicting the impacts of climate change on the crop productivity and ecosystem functioning. In contrast to the large number of studies assessing drought impacts on photosynthesis, relatively little attention has been devoted to understanding how mitochondrial respiratory metabolism is altered under water stress conditions. SCOPE This review provides an overview of the impacts of water stress on mitochondrial respiration (R), combining studies at the whole-plant, individual organ, cellular and organelle levels. To establish whether there are clear patterns in the response of in vivo R to water stress, a wide range of root, leaf and whole-plant studies are reviewed. It is shown that water stress almost always inhibits R in actively growing roots and whole plants. However, in fully expanded, mature leaves the response is more variable, with water stress reducing R in near two-thirds of reported studies, with most of the remainder showing no change. Only a few studies reported increases in leaf R under severe water stress conditions. The mechanisms responsible for these variable responses are discussed. Importantly, the fact is highlighted that irrespective of whether drought increases or decreases respiration, overall the changes in R are minor compared with the large decreases in photosynthetic carbon gain in response to drought. Based on recent work highlighting the link between chloroplast and mitochondrial functions in leaves, we propose a model by which mitochondrial R enables survival and rapid recovery of productivity under water stress conditions. Finally, the effects of water stress on mitochondrial function, protein abundance and overall metabolism are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen K. Atkin
- Functional Ecology Group, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - David Macherel
- IFR 149 QUASAV, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1191 Physiologie Moléculaire des Semences, Université d'Angers/Institut National d'Horticulture/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, ARES, 49045 Angers Cedex 01, France
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