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Liu Z, Wang P, Goh T, Nakajima K, Kang BH. Mucilage secretion from the root cap requires the NAC family transcription factor BEARSKIN2. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024:kiae402. [PMID: 39116186 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The root cap secretes mucilage and sheds border cells (border-like cells, BLCs) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). These mucilage and root cap-derived cells form a defensive barrier against soil pathogens. BEARSKIN1 (BRN1) and BRN2 are 2 homologous NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2 (NAC) family transcription factors of Arabidopsis, and mucilage secretion is inhibited in the brn1/2 double mutant. BRN1 and BRN2 are also involved in the expression of a pectin-digesting enzyme, POLYGALACTURONASE (RCPG), that facilitates BLC shedding. To further explore the connection between mucilage secretion and BLC shedding, we examined mucilage production in Arabidopsis lines displaying altered BLC detachment. Inactivation of BRN2 blocked mucilage synthesis and secretion, while inactivation of BRN1 and RCPG did not. Interestingly, RCPG sorted into mucilage-carrying vesicles budding from the Golgi and inhibited mucilage secretion in brn2-delayed BLC detachment. The root cap of a germinating seedling is initially covered with a cuticle, which is replaced by mucilage from BLCs as the seedling begins to shed these cells. Ectopic expression of RCPG in germinating seedlings caused early BLC formation and accelerated the cuticle-to-mucilage transition, indicating that RCPG expression and mucilage secretion are co-regulated. Furthermore, brn2 roots exhibited slower growth and increased cell death when subjected to salt or osmotic stress. Our research suggests that BRN2-mediated mucilage secretion contributes to BLC release to build an extracellular defense zone surrounding the root cap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tatsuaki Goh
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Keiji Nakajima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Sanhueza D, Sepúlveda-Orellana P, Salazar-Carrasco A, Zúñiga S, Herrera R, Moya-León MA, Saez-Aguayo S. Mucilage extracted from Chilean papaya seeds is enriched with homogalacturonan domains. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1380533. [PMID: 38872878 PMCID: PMC11169631 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1380533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Chilean papaya, also known as mountain papaya (Vasconcellea pubescens), is a fruit valued for its nutritional value and pleasant fragrance. The oblong fruit, featuring five ridges and a seed-filled mucilage cavity, is typically consumed cooked due to its high protease content. The mucilage and the seeds are usually discarded as byproducts. This study analyzed the biochemical composition of mountain papaya seed mucilage using methods such as HPAEC and immunolabeling. Results revealed that papaya seeds yield nearly 20% of their weight in mucilage polysaccharides, which can be separated into soluble and adherent layers. The mucilage exhibited a high proportion of acidic sugars, indicating that homogalacturonan (HG) is the predominant domain. It also contained other domains like rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) and hemicelluloses, predominantly xyloglucan. The HG-rich mucilage, currently considered waste, emerges as a promising source of polysaccharides, indicating its multifaceted utility in various industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayan Sanhueza
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Laboratorio Mucilab, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarollo (ANID) - Anillo de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología - Chilean Fruits Cell Wall Components as Biotechnological Resources (CHICOBIO) ACT210025, Talca, Chile
| | - Pablo Sepúlveda-Orellana
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Laboratorio Mucilab, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarollo (ANID) - Anillo de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología - Chilean Fruits Cell Wall Components as Biotechnological Resources (CHICOBIO) ACT210025, Talca, Chile
| | - Alejandra Salazar-Carrasco
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Laboratorio Mucilab, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarollo (ANID) - Anillo de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología - Chilean Fruits Cell Wall Components as Biotechnological Resources (CHICOBIO) ACT210025, Talca, Chile
| | - Sebastian Zúñiga
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Laboratorio Mucilab, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarollo (ANID) - Anillo de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología - Chilean Fruits Cell Wall Components as Biotechnological Resources (CHICOBIO) ACT210025, Talca, Chile
| | - Raúl Herrera
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarollo (ANID) - Anillo de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología - Chilean Fruits Cell Wall Components as Biotechnological Resources (CHICOBIO) ACT210025, Talca, Chile
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y Genética Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - María Alejandra Moya-León
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarollo (ANID) - Anillo de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología - Chilean Fruits Cell Wall Components as Biotechnological Resources (CHICOBIO) ACT210025, Talca, Chile
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal y Genética Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Susana Saez-Aguayo
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Laboratorio Mucilab, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarollo (ANID) - Anillo de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología - Chilean Fruits Cell Wall Components as Biotechnological Resources (CHICOBIO) ACT210025, Talca, Chile
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarollo (ANID) - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus for the Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago, Chile
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3
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Nguyen TNH, Goux D, Follet-Gueye ML, Bernard S, Padel L, Vicré M, Prud'homme MP, Morvan-Bertrand A. Generation and characterization of two new monoclonal antibodies produced by immunizing mice with plant fructans: New tools for immunolocalization of β-(2 → 1) and β-(2 → 6) fructans. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121682. [PMID: 38171691 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Fructans are water-soluble polymers of fructose in which fructose units are linked by β-(2 → 1) and/or β-(2 → 6) linkages. In plants, they are synthesized in the vacuole but have also been reported in the apoplastic sap under abiotic stress suggesting that they are involved in plasmalemma protection and in plant-microbial interactions. However, the lack of fructan-specific antibodies currently prevents further study of their role and the associated mechanisms of action, which could be elucidated thanks to their immunolocalization. We report the production of two monoclonal antibodies (named BTM9H2 and BTM15A6) using mice immunization with antigenic compounds prepared from a mixture of plant inulins and levans conjugated to serum albumin. Their specificity towards fructans with β-(2 → 1) and/or β-(2 → 6) linkage has been demonstrated by immuno-dot blot tests on a wide range of carbohydrates. The two mAbs were used for immunocytolocalization of fructans by epifluorescence microscopy in various plant species. Fructan epitopes were specifically detected in fructan-accumulating plants, inside cells as well as on the surface of root tips, confirming both extracellular and intracellular localizations. The two mAbs provide new tools to identify the mechanism of extracellular fructan secretion and explore the roles of fructans in stress resistance and plant-microorganism interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ngoc Hanh Nguyen
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRAE, EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & nutritions NCS, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" - FED 4277, 14032 Caen, France; Université de Rouen Normandie, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Didier Goux
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, US EMerode, CMAbio(3), 14032 Caen, France.
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, F-76000 Rouen, France; Normandie Univ, HeRacLeS-PRIMACEN, INSERM US51, CNRS UAR2026, ComUE Normandie Université, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - Sophie Bernard
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, F-76000 Rouen, France; Normandie Univ, HeRacLeS-PRIMACEN, INSERM US51, CNRS UAR2026, ComUE Normandie Université, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
| | | | - Maïté Vicré
- Université de Rouen Normandie, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, F-76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Marie-Pascale Prud'homme
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRAE, EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & nutritions NCS, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" - FED 4277, 14032 Caen, France.
| | - Annette Morvan-Bertrand
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INRAE, EVA Ecophysiologie Végétale, Agronomie & nutritions NCS, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" - FED 4277, 14032 Caen, France.
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4
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Kondak S, Janovszky P, Szőllősi R, Molnár Á, Oláh D, Adedokun OP, Dimitrakopoulos PG, Rónavári A, Kónya Z, Erdei L, Galbács G, Kolbert Z. Nickel oxide nanoparticles induce cell wall modifications, root anatomical changes, and nitrosative signaling in ecotypes of Ni hyperaccumulator Odontarrhena lesbiaca. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122874. [PMID: 37949159 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The industrial application and environmental release of nickel oxide NPs (NiO NPs) is increasing, but the details of their relationship with plants are largely unknown. In this work, the cellular, tissue, organ, and molecular level responses of three ecotypes of Ni hyperaccumulator Odontarrhena lesbiaca grown in the presence of high doses of NiO NP (250 mg/L and 500 mg/L) were studied. All three ecotypes showed a similar accumulation of Ni in the presence of nano Ni, and in the case of NiO NPs, the root-to-shoot Ni translocation was slighter compared to the bulk Ni. In all three ecotypes, the walls of the root cells effectively prevented internalization of NiO NPs, providing cellular defense against Ni overload. Exposure to NiO NP led to an increase in cortex thickness and the deposition of lignin-suberin and pectin in roots, serving as a tissue-level defense mechanism against excessive Ni. Exposure to NiO NP did not modify or cause a reduction in some biomass parameters of the Ampeliko and Loutra ecotypes, while it increased all parameters in Olympos. The free salt form of Ni exerted more negative effects on biomass production than the nanoform, and the observed effects of NiO NPs can be attributed to the release of Ni ions. Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite levels were modified by NiO NPs in an ecotype-dependent manner. The changes in the abundance and activity of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase protein triggered by NiO NPs suggest that the enzyme is regulated by NiO NPs at the post-translational level. The NiO NPs slightly intensified protein tyrosine nitration, and the slight differences between the ecotypes were correlated with their biomass production in the presence of NiO NPs. Overall, the Odontarrhena lesbiaca ecotypes exhibited tolerance to NiO NPs at the cellular, tissue, organ/organism and molecular levels, demonstrating various defense mechanisms and changes in the metabolism of reactive nitrogen species metabolism and nitrosative protein modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selahattin Kondak
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., 6726, Szeged, Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., 6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Patrick Janovszky
- Department of Inorganic, Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8., 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Réka Szőllősi
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Árpád Molnár
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Oláh
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., 6726, Szeged, Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | - Andrea Rónavári
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Erdei
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Galbács
- Department of Inorganic, Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8., 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kolbert
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52., 6726, Szeged, Hungary
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Wang Q, Zhou X, He S, Wang W, Ma D, Wang Y, Zhang H. Receptor Plants Alleviated Allelopathic Stress from Invasive Chenopodium ambrosioides L. by Upregulating the Production and Autophagy of Their Root Border Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3810. [PMID: 38005707 PMCID: PMC10674979 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Chenopodium ambrosioides L. is an invasive plant native to the Neotropics that has seriously threatened the ecological security of China, and allelopathy is one of the mechanisms underlying its successful invasion. Maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), as the main food crops, are usually affected by C. ambrosioides in their planting areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ultrastructure, autophagy, and release-related gene expression of receptor plant root border cells (RBCs) after exposure to volatile oil from C. ambrosioides and its main component α-terpene, which were studied using maize and soybean as receptor plants. The volatiles inhibited root growth and promoted a brief increase in the number of RBCs. As the volatile concentration increased, the organelles in RBCs were gradually destroyed, and intracellular autophagosomes were produced and continuously increased in number. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes involved in the synthesis of the plasma membrane and cell wall components in receptor root cells were significantly up-regulated, particularly those related to cell wall polysaccharide synthesis. Meanwhile, polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterases (PME) exhibited up-regulated expression, and PME activity also increased. The contribution of α-terpene to this allelopathic effect of C. ambrosioides volatile oil exceeded 70%. Based on these results, receptor plant root tips may increase the synthesis of cell wall substances while degrading the intercellular layer, accelerating the generation and release of RBCs. Meanwhile, their cells survived through autophagy of RBCs, indicating the key role of RBCs in alleviating allelopathic stress from C. ambrosioides volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xijie Zhou
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Shengli He
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Wenguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Danwei Ma
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hong Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610101, China; (Q.W.); (X.Z.); (S.H.); (Y.W.); (H.Z.)
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Bhattacharyya A, Mavrodi O, Bhowmik N, Weller D, Thomashow L, Mavrodi D. Bacterial biofilms as an essential component of rhizosphere plant-microbe interactions. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2023; 53:3-48. [PMID: 38415193 PMCID: PMC10898258 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Bhattacharyya
- School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Olga Mavrodi
- School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Niladri Bhowmik
- School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - David Weller
- USDA-ARS Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Linda Thomashow
- USDA-ARS Wheat Health, Genetics and Quality Research Unit, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Dmitri Mavrodi
- School of Biological, Environmental and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
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Kumar N, Caldwell C, Iyer-Pascuzzi AS. The NIN-LIKE PROTEIN 7 transcription factor modulates auxin pathways to regulate root cap development in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3047-3059. [PMID: 36787214 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The root cap is a small tissue located at the tip of the root with critical functions for root growth. Present in nearly all vascular plants, the root cap protects the root meristem, influences soil penetration, and perceives and transmits environmental signals that are critical for root branching patterns. To perform these functions, the root cap must remain relatively stable in size and must integrate endogenous developmental pathways with environmental signals, yet the mechanism is not clear. We previously showed that low pH conditions altered root cap development, and these changes are mediated by the NIN LIKE PROTEIN 7 (NLP7) transcription factor, a master regulator of nitrate signaling. Here we show that in Arabidopsis NLP7 integrates nitrate signaling with auxin pathways to regulate root cap development. We found that low nitrate conditions promote aberrant release of root cap cells. Nitrate deficiency impacts auxin pathways in the last layer of the root cap, and this is mediated in part by NLP7. Mutations in NLP7 abolish the auxin minimum in the last layer of the root cap and alter root cap expression of the auxin carriers PIN-LIKES 3 (PILS3) and PIN-FORMED 7 (PIN7) as well as transcription factors that regulate PIN expression. Together, our data reveal NLP7 as a link between endogenous auxin pathways and nitrate signaling in the root cap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narender Kumar
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Chloe Caldwell
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Anjali S Iyer-Pascuzzi
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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8
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Busont O, Durambur G, Bernard S, Plasson C, Joudiou C, Baude L, Chefdor F, Depierreux C, Héricourt F, Larcher M, Malik S, Boulogne I, Driouich A, Carpin S, Lamblin F. Black Poplar (Populus nigra L.) Root Extracellular Trap, Structural and Molecular Remodeling in Response to Osmotic Stress. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060858. [PMID: 36980198 PMCID: PMC10047092 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The root extracellular trap (RET) consists of root-associated, cap-derived cells (root AC-DCs) and their mucilaginous secretions, and forms a structure around the root tip that protects against biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there is little information concerning the changes undergone by the RET during droughts, especially for tree species. Morphological and immunocytochemical approaches were used to study the RET of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) seedlings grown in vitro under optimal conditions (on agar-gelled medium) or when polyethylene glycol-mediated (PEG6000—infused agar-gelled medium) was used to mimic drought conditions through osmotic stress. Under optimal conditions, the root cap released three populations of individual AC-DC morphotypes, with a very low proportion of spherical morphotypes, and equivalent proportions of intermediate and elongated morphotypes. Immunolabeling experiments using anti-glycan antibodies specific to cell wall polysaccharide and arabinogalactan protein (AGP) epitopes revealed the presence of homogalacturonan (HG), galactan chains of rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I), and AGPs in root AC-DC cell walls. The data also showed the presence of xylogalacturonan (XGA), xylan, AGPs, and low levels of arabinans in the mucilage. The findings also showed that under osmotic stress conditions, both the number of AC-DCs (spherical and intermediate morphotypes) and the total quantity of mucilage per root tip increased, whereas the mucilage was devoid of the epitopes associated with the polysaccharides RG-I, XGA, xylan, and AGPs. Osmotic stress also led to reduced root growth and increased root expression of the P5CS2 gene, which is involved in proline biosynthesis and cellular osmolarity maintenance (or preservation) in aerial parts. Together, our findings show that the RET is a dynamic structure that undergoes pronounced structural and molecular remodeling, which might contribute to the survival of the root tip under osmotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Busont
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Gaëlle Durambur
- GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, University of Rouen Normandie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sophie Bernard
- GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, University of Rouen Normandie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
- INSERM, CNRS, HeRacLeS US 51 UAR 2026, PRIMACEN, University of Rouen Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Carole Plasson
- GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, University of Rouen Normandie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Camille Joudiou
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Laura Baude
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Françoise Chefdor
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Christiane Depierreux
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - François Héricourt
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Mélanie Larcher
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Sonia Malik
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Isabelle Boulogne
- GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, University of Rouen Normandie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- GLYCOMEV UR 4358, SFR Normandie Végétal FED 4277, Innovation Chimie Carnot, University of Rouen Normandie, IRIB, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Sabine Carpin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Frédéric Lamblin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRAE, USC 1328, CEDEX 2, F-45067 Orléans, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)2-3841-7127
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9
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Fortier M, Lemaitre V, Gaudry A, Pawlak B, Driouich A, Follet-Gueye ML, Vicré M. A fine-tuned defense at the pea root caps: Involvement of border cells and arabinogalactan proteins against soilborne diseases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1132132. [PMID: 36844081 PMCID: PMC9947496 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1132132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants have to cope with a myriad of soilborne pathogens that affect crop production and food security. The complex interactions between the root system and microorganisms are determinant for the whole plant health. However, the knowledge regarding root defense responses is limited as compared to the aerial parts of the plant. Immune responses in roots appear to be tissue-specific suggesting a compartmentalization of defense mechanisms in these organs. The root cap releases cells termed root "associated cap-derived cells" (AC-DCs) or "border cells" embedded in a thick mucilage layer forming the root extracellular trap (RET) dedicated to root protection against soilborne pathogens. Pea (Pisum sativum) is the plant model used to characterize the composition of the RET and to unravel its function in root defense. The objective of this paper is to review modes of action of the RET from pea against diverse pathogens with a special focus on root rot disease caused by Aphanomyces euteiches, one of the most widely occurring and large-scale pea crop diseases. The RET, at the interface between the soil and the root, is enriched in antimicrobial compounds including defense-related proteins, secondary metabolites, and glycan-containing molecules. More especially arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), a family of plant extracellular proteoglycans belonging to the hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins were found to be particularly present in pea border cells and mucilage. Herein, we discuss the role of RET and AGPs in the interaction between roots and microorganisms and future potential developments for pea crop protection.
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10
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Cai B, Wang T, Sun H, Liu C, Chu J, Ren Z, Li Q. Gibberellins regulate lateral root development that is associated with auxin and cell wall metabolisms in cucumber. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 317:110995. [PMID: 35193752 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber is an economically important crop cultivated worldwide. Gibberellins (GAs) play important roles in the development of lateral roots (LRs), which are critical for plant stress tolerance and productivity. Therefore, it is of great importance for cucumber production to study the role of GAs in LR development. Here, the results showed that GAs regulated cucumber LR development in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with 1, 10, 50 and 100 μM GA3 significantly increased secondary root length, tertiary root number and length. Of these, 50 μM GA3 treatment had strong effects on increasing root dry weight and the root/shoot dry weight ratio. Pairwise comparisons identified 417 down-regulated genes enriched for GA metabolism-related processes and 447 up-regulated genes enriched for cell wall metabolism-related processes in GA3-treated roots. A total of 3523 non-redundant DEGs were identified in our RNA-Seq data through pairwise comparisons and linear factorial modeling. Of these, most of the genes involved in auxin and cell wall metabolisms were up-regulated in GA3-treated roots. Our findings not only shed light on LR regulation mediated by GA but also offer an important resource for functional studies of candidate genes putatively involved in the regulation of LR development in cucumber and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Hong Sun
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Cuimei Liu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Zhonghai Ren
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
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11
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Xiao Z, Liang Y. Silicon prevents aluminum from entering root tip by promoting formation of root border cells in rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 175:12-22. [PMID: 35158318 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Root border cells (RBCs) and their mucilage are considered to play an important role in protecting root tip from aluminum (Al) toxicity, but their interactions with silicon (Si) under Al stress still remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of Si on the formation of RBCs under Al stress and the related detoxification mechanism in hydroponically grown rice (Oryza sativa L.). The results showed that Si could prevent the separation of RBCs from each other by increasing the degree of pectin methylesterification in root tip cell wall, thereby keeping more RBCs around the root tip. Also, Si maintained the viability of RBCs, increased the amount of mucilage, and reduced the content of total Al and free Al in root tips. Moreover, the RBCs accumulated more Al and Si simultaneously than root tip in the Al treatments with Si supply. Overall, these results indicated that Si reduced the toxicity of Al to RBCs through formation of Si-Al complex on the RBCs, thereby improving the viability of RBCs and promoting the secretion of mucilage. Concomitantly, Si, RBCs and their mucilage could form a protective sheath at the root tip, which prevented Al from diffusing into the root tip, thereby alleviating Al toxicity in rice root tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoxi Xiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongchao Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Di Marzo M, Viana VE, Banfi C, Cassina V, Corti R, Herrera-Ubaldo H, Babolin N, Guazzotti A, Kiegle E, Gregis V, de Folter S, Sampedro J, Mantegazza F, Colombo L, Ezquer I. Cell wall modifications by α-XYLOSIDASE1 are required for control of seed and fruit size in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1499-1515. [PMID: 34849721 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall modifications are of pivotal importance during plant development. Among cell wall components, xyloglucans are the major hemicellulose polysaccharide in primary cell walls of dicots and non-graminaceous monocots. They can connect the cellulose microfibril surface to affect cell wall mechanical properties. Changes in xyloglucan structure are known to play an important role in regulating cell growth. Therefore, the degradation of xyloglucan is an important modification that alters the cell wall. The α-XYLOSIDASE1 (XYL1) gene encodes the only α-xylosidase acting on xyloglucans in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we showed that mutation of XYL1 strongly influences seed size, seed germination, and fruit elongation. We found that the expression of XYL1 is directly regulated in developing seeds and fruit by the MADS-box transcription factor SEEDSTICK. We demonstrated that XYL1 complements the stk smaller seed phenotype. Finally, by atomic force microscopy, we investigated the role of XYL1 activity in maintaining cell stiffness and growth, confirming the importance of cell wall modulation in shaping organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Di Marzo
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Vívian Ebeling Viana
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão-RS, Brazil
| | - Camilla Banfi
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cassina
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Roberta Corti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, CP 36824 Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Nicola Babolin
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Guazzotti
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Edward Kiegle
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Gregis
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Stefan de Folter
- Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (UGA-LANGEBIO), Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CINVESTAV-IPN), Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Carretera Irapuato-León, CP 36824 Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Javier Sampedro
- Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Departamento de Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad de Biología, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, s/n. Campus sur, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Francesco Mantegazza
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Nanomedicine Center NANOMIB, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Giovanni Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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13
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The Xyloglucan Endotransglucosylase/Hydrolase Gene XTH22/TCH4 Regulates Plant Growth by Disrupting the Cell Wall Homeostasis in Arabidopsis under Boron Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031250. [PMID: 35163179 PMCID: PMC8836128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TCH4 is a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) family member. Extensive studies have shown that XTHs are very important in cell wall homeostasis for plant growth and development. Boron (B), as an essential micronutrient for plants, plays an essential role in the cross-linking of cell wall pectin. However, the effect of B on cell wall organization is unclear. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of plant adaption to B stress by investigating the role of TCH4 in cell wall homeostasis. We conducted both plate and hydroponic cultures of wild-type Col-0 and overexpression and gene knockout lines of XTH22/TCH4 to analyze the phenotype, components, and characteristics of the cell wall using immunofluorescence, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). B deficiency induces the expression of TCH4. The overexpression lines of TCH4 presented more sensitivity to B deficiency than the wild-type Col-0, while the knockout lines of TCH4 were more resistant to low B stress. Up-regulation of TCH4 influenced the ratio of chelator-soluble pectin to alkali-soluble pectin and decreased the degree of methylesterification of pectin under B-deficient conditions. Moreover, we found that B deficiency disturbed the arrangement of cellulose, enlarged the gap between cellulose microfibrils, and decreased the mechanical strength of the cell wall, leading to the formation of a thickened and deformed triangular region of the cell wall. These symptoms were more profound in the TCH4 overexpression lines. Consistently, compared with Col-0, the O2- and MDA contents in the TCH4 overexpression lines increased under B-deficient conditions. This study identified the B-deficiency-induced TCH4 gene, which regulates cell wall homeostasis to influence plant growth under B-deficient conditions.
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14
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Parker D, Daguerre Y, Dufil G, Mantione D, Solano E, Cloutet E, Hadziioannou G, Näsholm T, Berggren M, Pavlopoulou E, Stavrinidou E. Biohybrid plants with electronic roots via in vivo polymerization of conjugated oligomers. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:3295-3305. [PMID: 34730593 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01423d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant processes, ranging from photosynthesis through production of biomaterials to environmental sensing and adaptation, can be used in technology via integration of functional materials and devices. Previously, plants with integrated organic electronic devices and circuits distributed in their vascular tissue and organs have been demonstrated. To circumvent biological barriers, and thereby access the internal tissue, plant cuttings were used, which resulted in biohybrids with limited lifetime and use. Here, we report intact plants with electronic functionality that continue to grow and develop enabling plant-biohybrid systems that fully maintain their biological processes. The biocatalytic machinery of the plant cell wall was leveraged to seamlessly integrate conductors with mixed ionic-electronic conductivity along the root system of the plants. Cell wall peroxidases catalyzed ETE-S polymerization while the plant tissue served as the template, organizing the polymer in a favorable manner. The conductivity of the resulting p(ETE-S) roots reached the order of 10 S cm-1 and remained stable over the course of 4 weeks while the roots continued to grow. The p(ETE-S) roots were used to build supercapacitors that outperform previous plant-biohybrid charge storage demonstrations. Plants were not affected by the electronic functionalization but adapted to this new hybrid state by developing a more complex root system. Biohybrid plants with electronic roots pave the way for autonomous systems with potential applications in energy, sensing and robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Parker
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174, Norrköping, Sweden.
| | - Yohann Daguerre
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 90183 Umea, Sweden
| | - Gwennaël Dufil
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174, Norrköping, Sweden.
| | - Daniele Mantione
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, LCPO UMR 5629, F-33615, Pessac, France
| | - Eduardo Solano
- NCD-SWEET Beamline, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Eric Cloutet
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, LCPO UMR 5629, F-33615, Pessac, France
| | - Georges Hadziioannou
- Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, CNRS, LCPO UMR 5629, F-33615, Pessac, France
| | - Torgny Näsholm
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 90183 Umea, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174, Norrköping, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, SE-60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Eleni Pavlopoulou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklion Crete, Greece
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174, Norrköping, Sweden.
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE 90183 Umea, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Linköping University, SE-60174, Norrköping, Sweden
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15
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Laloum Y, Gangneux C, Gügi B, Lanoue A, Munsch T, Blum A, Gauthier A, Trinsoutrot-Gattin I, Boulogne I, Vicré M, Driouich A, Laval K, Follet-Gueye ML. Faba bean root exudates alter pea root colonization by the oomycete Aphanomyces euteiches at early stages of infection. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 312:111032. [PMID: 34620436 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aphanomyces euteiches is an oomycete pathogen that causes the pea root rot. We investigated the potential role of early belowground defense in pea (susceptible plant) and faba bean (tolerant plant) at three days after inoculation. Pea and faba bean were inoculated with A. euteiches zoospores. Root colonization was examined. Root exudates from pea and faba bean were harvested and their impact on A. euteiches development were assessed by using in vitro assays. A. euteiches root colonization and the influence of the oomycete inoculation on specialized metabolites patterns and arabinogalactan protein (AGP) concentration of root exudates were also determined. In faba bean root, A. euteiches colonization was very low as compared with that of pea. Whereas infected pea root exudates have a positive chemotaxis index (CI) on zoospores, faba bean exudate CI was negative suggesting a repellent effect. While furanoacetylenic compounds were only detected in faba bean exudates, AGP concentration was specifically increased in pea.This work showed that early in the course of infection, host susceptibility to A. euteiches is involved via a plant-species specific root exudation opening new perspectives in pea root rot disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohana Laloum
- AGHYLE research unit, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle Rouen 3 rue du tronquet CS 40118, 76134, Mont Saint Aignan, France; Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Christophe Gangneux
- AGHYLE research unit, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle Rouen 3 rue du tronquet CS 40118, 76134, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Bruno Gügi
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- Université de Tours, EA 2106 «Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales», UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31 Av. Monge, F37200, Tours, France
| | - Thibaut Munsch
- Université de Tours, EA 2106 «Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales», UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, 31 Av. Monge, F37200, Tours, France
| | - Adrien Blum
- AGHYLE research unit, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle Rouen 3 rue du tronquet CS 40118, 76134, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Adrien Gauthier
- AGHYLE research unit, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle Rouen 3 rue du tronquet CS 40118, 76134, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Isabelle Trinsoutrot-Gattin
- AGHYLE research unit, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle Rouen 3 rue du tronquet CS 40118, 76134, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Isabelle Boulogne
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Maïté Vicré
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Karine Laval
- AGHYLE research unit, UP 2018.C101, UniLaSalle Rouen 3 rue du tronquet CS 40118, 76134, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV, EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, I2C Carnot, IRIB, 76000, Rouen, France.
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16
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Driouich A, Gaudry A, Pawlak B, Moore JP. Root cap-derived cells and mucilage: a protective network at the root tip. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:1179-1185. [PMID: 34196784 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01660-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Root cap-derived cells and mucilage provide the first line of defense of the plant against soil microbial pathogens. These cells form a mucilaginous root extracellular trap (RET), which also harbors a range of molecules including exDNA and defensive peptides and proteins much like the neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) of mammalians. Plant RETs resemble mucus structures found in mammalian systems and are rich in arabinogalactan proteins that have similarities to highly glycosylated human mucins. Human mucus and mucins regulate the intestinal flora microbiome through recruiting certain species of microbes and it is plausible that the arabinogalactan protein-rich mucilage found in plant roots fulfills a similar function by attracting specific microbes to the rhizosphere. The role of RETs in root defense functioning is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeddine Driouich
- UNIROUEN, Normandie Université, Laboratoire Glycobiologie Et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA 4358, Université de Rouen Normandie, 76000, Rouen, France.
- UNIROUEN, Fédération de Recherche, Normandie Université, Normandie Végétal-FED 4277, Université de Rouen Normandie, 76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Alexia Gaudry
- UNIROUEN, Normandie Université, Laboratoire Glycobiologie Et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA 4358, Université de Rouen Normandie, 76000, Rouen, France
- UNIROUEN, Fédération de Recherche, Normandie Université, Normandie Végétal-FED 4277, Université de Rouen Normandie, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Barbara Pawlak
- UNIROUEN, Normandie Université, Laboratoire Glycobiologie Et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale EA 4358, Université de Rouen Normandie, 76000, Rouen, France
- UNIROUEN, Fédération de Recherche, Normandie Université, Normandie Végétal-FED 4277, Université de Rouen Normandie, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - John P Moore
- Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, South African Grape and Wine Research Institute, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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Gold Nanoparticles-Induced Modifications in Cell Wall Composition in Barley Roots. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081965. [PMID: 34440734 PMCID: PMC8393560 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased use of nanoparticles (NP) in different industries inevitably results in their release into the environment. In such conditions, plants come into direct contact with NP. Knowledge about the uptake of NP by plants and their effect on different developmental processes is still insufficient. Our studies concerned analyses of the changes in the chemical components of the cell walls of Hordeum vulgare L. roots that were grown in the presence of gold nanoparticles (AuNP). The analyses were performed using the immunohistological method and fluorescence microscopy. The obtained results indicate that AuNP with different surface charges affects the presence and distribution of selected pectic and arabinogalactan protein (AGP) epitopes in the walls of root cells.
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18
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Sathitnaitham S, Suttangkakul A, Wonnapinij P, McQueen-Mason SJ, Vuttipongchaikij S. Gel-permeation chromatography-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for systematic mass distribution profiling of plant cell wall matrix polysaccharides. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1776-1790. [PMID: 33788319 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cell walls are dynamic and multi-component materials that play important roles in many areas of plant biology. The composition and interactions of the structural elements give rise to material properties, which are modulated by the activity of wall-related enzymes. Studies of the genes and enzymes that determine wall composition and function have made great progress, but rarely take account of potential compensatory changes in wall polymers that may accompany and accommodate changes in other components, particularly for specific polysaccharides. Here, we present a method that allows the simultaneous examination of the mass distributions and quantities of specific cell wall matrix components, allowing insight into direct and indirect consequences of cell wall manipulations. The method employs gel-permeation chromatography fractionation of cell wall polymers followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to identify polymer types. We demonstrate the potential of this method using glycan-directed monoclonal antibodies to detect epitopes representing xyloglucans, heteromannans, glucuronoxylans, homogalacturonans (HGs) and methyl-esterified HGs. The method was used to explore compositional diversity in different Arabidopsis organs and to examine the impacts of changing wall composition in a number of previously characterized cell wall mutants. As demonstrated in this article, this methodology allows a much deeper understanding of wall composition, its dynamism and plasticity to be obtained, furthering our knowledge of cell wall biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhita Sathitnaitham
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Anongpat Suttangkakul
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Center of Advanced Studies for Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - Passorn Wonnapinij
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Center of Advanced Studies for Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | | | - Supachai Vuttipongchaikij
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Center of Advanced Studies for Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngam Wong Wan, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
- Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, Thailand
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19
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Saeidy S, Petera B, Pierre G, Fenoradosoa TA, Djomdi D, Michaud P, Delattre C. Plants arabinogalactans: From structures to physico-chemical and biological properties. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 53:107771. [PMID: 33992708 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactans (AGs) are plant heteropolysaccharides with complex structures occasionally attached to proteins (AGPs). AGs in cell matrix of different parts of plant are freely available or chemically bound to pectin rhamnogalactan. Type I with predominantly β-d-(1 → 4)-galactan and type II with β-d-(1 → 3) and/or (1 → 6)-galactan structural backbones construct the two main groups of AGs. In the current review, the chemical structure of AGs is firstly discussed focusing on non-traditional plant sources and not including well known industrial gums. After that, processes for their extraction and purification are considered and finally their techno-functional and biological properties are highlighted. The role of AG structure and function on health advantages such as anti-tumor, antioxidant, anti-ulcer- anti-diabetic and other activites and also the immunomodulatory effects on in-vivo model systems are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Saeidy
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - B Petera
- Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Antsiranana, BP O 201 Antsiranana, Madagascar; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - G Pierre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - T A Fenoradosoa
- Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Antsiranana, BP O 201 Antsiranana, Madagascar
| | - Djomdi Djomdi
- Department of Renewable Energy, National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua, University of Maroua, Cameroon
| | - P Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - C Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75005 Paris, France
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20
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Hiroguchi A, Sakamoto S, Mitsuda N, Miwa K. Golgi-localized membrane protein AtTMN1/EMP12 functions in the deposition of rhamnogalacturonan II and I for cell growth in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3611-3629. [PMID: 33587102 PMCID: PMC8096605 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate pectin deposition in cell walls is important for cell growth in plants. Rhamnogalacturonan II (RG-II) is a portion of pectic polysaccharides; its borate crosslinking is essential for maintenance of pectic networks. However, the overall process of RG-II synthesis is not fully understood. To identify a novel factor for RG-II deposition or dimerization in cell walls, we screened Arabidopsis mutants with altered boron (B)-dependent growth. The mutants exhibited alleviated disorders of primary root and stem elongation, and fertility under low B, but reduced primary root lengths under sufficient B conditions. Altered primary root elongation was associated with cell elongation changes caused by loss of function in AtTMN1 (Transmembrane Nine 1)/EMP12, which encodes a Golgi-localized membrane protein of unknown function that is conserved among eukaryotes. Mutant leaf and root dry weights were lower than those of wild-type plants, regardless of B conditions. In cell walls, AtTMN1 mutations reduced concentrations of B, RG-II specific 2-keto-3-deoxy monosaccharides, and rhamnose largely derived from rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), suggesting reduced RG-II and RG-I. Together, our findings demonstrate that AtTMN1 is required for the deposition of RG-II and RG-I for cell growth and suggest that pectin modulates plant growth under low B conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hiroguchi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Shingo Sakamoto
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305–8566, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305–8566, Japan
| | - Kyoko Miwa
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Correspondence:
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21
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Du J, Kirui A, Huang S, Wang L, Barnes WJ, Kiemle SN, Zheng Y, Rui Y, Ruan M, Qi S, Kim SH, Wang T, Cosgrove DJ, Anderson CT, Xiao C. Mutations in the Pectin Methyltransferase QUASIMODO2 Influence Cellulose Biosynthesis and Wall Integrity in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3576-3597. [PMID: 32883711 PMCID: PMC7610292 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pectins are abundant in the cell walls of dicotyledonous plants, but how they interact with other wall polymers and influence wall integrity and cell growth has remained mysterious. Here, we verified that QUASIMODO2 (QUA2) is a pectin methyltransferase and determined that QUA2 is required for normal pectin biosynthesis. To gain further insight into how pectin affects wall assembly and integrity maintenance, we investigated cellulose biosynthesis, cellulose organization, cortical microtubules, and wall integrity signaling in two mutant alleles of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) QUA2, qua2 and tsd2 In both mutants, crystalline cellulose content is reduced, cellulose synthase particles move more slowly, and cellulose organization is aberrant. NMR analysis shows higher mobility of cellulose and matrix polysaccharides in the mutants. Microtubules in mutant hypocotyls have aberrant organization and depolymerize more readily upon treatment with oryzalin or external force. The expression of genes related to wall integrity, wall biosynthesis, and microtubule stability is dysregulated in both mutants. These data provide insights into how homogalacturonan is methylesterified upon its synthesis, the mechanisms by which pectin functionally interacts with cellulose, and how these interactions are translated into intracellular regulation to maintain the structural integrity of the cell wall during plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Alex Kirui
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Shixin Huang
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Lianglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - William J Barnes
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Sarah N Kiemle
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Yunzhen Zheng
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Yue Rui
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Mei Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Seong H Kim
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803
| | - Daniel J Cosgrove
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Chaowen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
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22
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Ropitaux M, Bernard S, Schapman D, Follet-Gueye ML, Vicré M, Boulogne I, Driouich A. Root Border Cells and Mucilage Secretions of Soybean, Glycine Max (Merr) L.: Characterization and Role in Interactions with the Oomycete Phytophthora Parasitica. Cells 2020; 9:E2215. [PMID: 33008016 PMCID: PMC7650559 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Root border cells (BCs) and their associated secretions form a protective structure termed the root extracellular trap (RET) that plays a major role in root interactions with soil borne microorganisms. In this study, we investigated the release and morphology of BCs of Glycine max using light and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We also examined the occurrence of cell-wall glycomolecules in BCs and secreted mucilage using immunofluorescence microscopy in conjunction with anti-glycan antibodies. Our data show that root tips released three populations of BCs defined as spherical, intermediate and elongated cells. The mechanism of shedding seemed to be cell morphotype-specific. The data also show that mucilage contained pectin, cellulose, extracellular DNA, histones and two hemicellulosic polysaccharides, xyloglucan and heteromannan. The latter has never been reported previously in any plant root secretions. Both hemicellulosic polysaccharides formed a dense fibrillary network embedding BCs and holding them together within the mucilage. Finally, we investigated the effect of the RET on the interactions of root with the pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora parasitica early during infection. Our findings reveal that the RET prevented zoospores from colonizing root tips by blocking their entry into root tissues and inducing their lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ropitaux
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal »-FED 4277, Université de ROUEN Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; (M.R.); (S.B.); (M.-L.F.-G.); (M.V.); (I.B.)
| | - Sophie Bernard
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal »-FED 4277, Université de ROUEN Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; (M.R.); (S.B.); (M.-L.F.-G.); (M.V.); (I.B.)
- Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB), Université de ROUEN Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
| | - Damien Schapman
- Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB), Université de ROUEN Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal »-FED 4277, Université de ROUEN Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; (M.R.); (S.B.); (M.-L.F.-G.); (M.V.); (I.B.)
- Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB), Université de ROUEN Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
| | - Maïté Vicré
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal »-FED 4277, Université de ROUEN Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; (M.R.); (S.B.); (M.-L.F.-G.); (M.V.); (I.B.)
| | - Isabelle Boulogne
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal »-FED 4277, Université de ROUEN Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; (M.R.); (S.B.); (M.-L.F.-G.); (M.V.); (I.B.)
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal »-FED 4277, Université de ROUEN Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; (M.R.); (S.B.); (M.-L.F.-G.); (M.V.); (I.B.)
- Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB), Université de ROUEN Normandie, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, F-76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
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23
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Molnár Á, Rónavári A, Bélteky P, Szőllősi R, Valyon E, Oláh D, Rázga Z, Ördög A, Kónya Z, Kolbert Z. ZnO nanoparticles induce cell wall remodeling and modify ROS/ RNS signalling in roots of Brassica seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111158. [PMID: 32866892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall-associated defence against zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) as well as nitro-oxidative signalling and its consequences in plants are poorly examined. Therefore, this study compares the effect of chemically synthetized ZnO NPs (~45 nm, 25 or 100 mg/L) on Brassica napus and Brassica juncea seedlings. The effects on root biomass and viability suggest that B. napus is more tolerant to ZnO NP exposure relative to B. juncea. This may be due to the lack of Zn ion accumulation in the roots, which is related to the increase in the amount of lignin, suberin, pectin and in peroxidase activity in the roots of B. napus. TEM results indicate that root cell walls of 25 mg/L ZnO NP-treated B. napus may bind Zn ions. Additionally, callose accumulation possibly contribute to root shortening in both Brassica species as the effect of 100 mg/L ZnO NPs. Further results suggest that in the roots of the relatively sensitive B. juncea the levels of superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen sulfide, nitric oxide, peroxinitrite and S-nitrosoglutathione increased as the effect of high ZnO NP concentration meaning that ZnO NP intensifies nitro-oxidative signalling. In B. napus; however, reactive oxygen species signalling was intensified, but reactive nitrogen species signalling wasn't activated by ZnO NPs. Collectively, these results indicate that ZnO NPs induce cell wall remodeling which may be associated with ZnO NP tolerance. Furthermore, plant tolerance against ZnO NPs is associated rather with nitrosative signalling than oxidative modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Árpád Molnár
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary.
| | - Andrea Rónavári
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Rerrich Bela ter 1., Hungary.
| | - Péter Bélteky
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Rerrich Bela ter 1., Hungary.
| | - Réka Szőllősi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary.
| | - Emil Valyon
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary.
| | - Dóra Oláh
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Rázga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6725, Szeged, Állomás u. 2., Hungary.
| | - Attila Ördög
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Kónya
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6720, Szeged, Rerrich Bela ter 1., Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Kolbert
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary.
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24
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Reorganization of Protein Tyrosine Nitration Pattern Indicates the Relative Tolerance of Brassica napus (L.) over Helianthus annuus (L.) to Combined Heavy Metal Treatment. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070902. [PMID: 32708788 PMCID: PMC7411833 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metal-polluted areas, especially where municipal sewage is used as fertilizer, often have high concentrations of more than one metal. The development of the root system is regulated by a complex signaling network, which includes reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The delicate balance of the endogenous signal system can be affected by various environmental stimuli including heavy metals (HMs) in excess. Our goal was to analyze the microelement homeostasis, root architecture, and to determine the underlying changes in the nitro-oxidative status in the root system of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) subjected to combined HM treatments. The effect of model-sewage in two different layouts was simulated in rhizotron system by only supplementing the highest HM concentrations (Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) legally allowed. The two species reacted differently to combined HM treatment; compared to the relatively sensitive sunflower, rapeseed showed better metal translocation capability and root growth even at the more severe treatment, where the pattern of protein tyrosine nitration was reorganized. The obtained results, especially the increased nitric oxide content and changed pattern of tyrosine nitration in rapeseed, can indicate acclimation and species-specific nitro-oxidative responses to combined HM stress.
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25
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Kumar N, Iyer-Pascuzzi AS. Shedding the Last Layer: Mechanisms of Root Cap Cell Release. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9030308. [PMID: 32121604 PMCID: PMC7154840 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The root cap, a small tissue at the tip of the root, protects the root from environmental stress and functions in gravity perception. To perform its functions, the position and size of the root cap remains stable throughout root growth. This occurs due to constant root cap cell turnover, in which the last layer of the root cap is released, and new root cap cells are produced. Cells in the last root cap layer are known as border cells or border-like cells, and have important functions in root protection against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Despite the importance of root cap cell release to root health and plant growth, the mechanisms regulating this phenomenon are not well understood. Recent work identified several factors including transcription factors, auxin, and small peptides with roles in the production and release of root cap cells. Here, we review the involvement of the known players in root cap cell release, compare the release of border-like cells and border cells, and discuss the importance of root cap cell release to root health and survival.
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26
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Galloway AF, Knox P, Krause K. Sticky mucilages and exudates of plants: putative microenvironmental design elements with biotechnological value. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1461-1469. [PMID: 31454421 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a wide array of secretions both above and below ground. Known as mucilages or exudates, they are secreted by seeds, roots, leaves and stems and fulfil a variety of functions including adhesion, protection, nutrient acquisition and infection. Mucilages are generally polysaccharide-rich and often occur in the form of viscoelastic gels and in many cases have adhesive properties. In some cases, progress is being made in understanding the structure-function relationships of mucilages such as for the secretions that allow growing ivy to attach to substrates and the biosynthesis and secretion of the mucilage compounds of the Arabidopsis seed coat. Work is just beginning towards understanding root mucilage and the proposed adhesive polymers involved in the formation of rhizosheaths at root surfaces and for the secretions involved in host plant infection by parasitic plants. In this article, we summarise knowledge on plant exudates and mucilages within the concept of their functions in microenvironmental design, focusing in particular on their bioadhesive functions and the molecules responsible for them. We draw attention to areas of future knowledge need, including the microstructure of mucilages and their compositional and regulatory dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Galloway
- Department for Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty for Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
| | - Paul Knox
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Kirsten Krause
- Department for Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty for Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Breivika, Tromsø, 9037, Norway
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27
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Kunieda T, Hara-Nishimura I, Demura T, Haughn GW. Arabidopsis FLYING SAUCER 2 Functions Redundantly with FLY1 to Establish Normal Seed Coat Mucilage. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:308-317. [PMID: 31626281 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Following exposure to water, mature Arabidopsis seeds are surrounded by a gelatinous capsule, termed mucilage. The mucilage consists of pectin-rich polysaccharides, which are produced in epidermal cells of the seed coat. Although pectin is a major component of plant cell walls, its biosynthesis and biological functions are not fully understood. Previously, we reported that a transmembrane RING E3 ubiquitin ligase, FLYING SAUCER 1 (FLY1) regulates the degree of pectin methyl esterification for mucilage capsule formation. The Arabidopsis thaliana genome has a single FLY1 homolog, FLY2. In this study, we show that the FLY2 protein functions in mucilage modification together with FLY1. FLY2 was expressed in seed coat epidermal cells during mucilage synthesis, but its expression level was much lower than that of FLY1. While fly2 showed no obvious difference in mucilage capsule formation from wild type, the fly1 fly2 double mutants showed more severe defects in mucilage than fly1 alone. FLY2-EYFP that was expressed under the control of the FLY1 promoter rescued fly1 mucilage, showing that FLY2 has the same molecular function as FLY1. FLY2-EYFP colocalized with marker proteins of Golgi apparatus (sialyltransferase-mRFP) and late endosome (mRFP-ARA7), indicating that as FLY1, FLY2 controls pectin modification by functioning in these endomembrane organelles. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis suggests that FLY1 and FLY2 originated from a common ancestral gene by gene duplication prior to the emergence of Brassicaceae. Taken together, our findings suggest that FLY2 functions in the Golgi apparatus and/or the late endosome of seed coat epidermal cells in a manner similar to FLY1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Kunieda
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, 658-8501 Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | | | - Taku Demura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, 630-0192 Japan
| | - George W Haughn
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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28
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Genome-Wide Study of the GATL Gene Family in Gossypium hirsutum L. Reveals that GhGATL Genes Act on Pectin Synthesis to Regulate Plant Growth and Fiber Elongation. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11010064. [PMID: 31935825 PMCID: PMC7016653 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pectin is a major polysaccharide component that promotes plant growth and fiber elongation in cotton. In previous studies, the galacturonosyltransferase-like (GATL) gene family has been shown to be involved in pectin synthesis. However, few studies have been performed on cotton GATL genes. Here, a total of 33, 17, and 16 GATL genes were respectively identified in Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium raimondii, and Gossypium arboreum. In multiple plant species, phylogenetic analysis divided GATL genes into five groups named GATL-a to GATL-e, and the number of groups was found to gradually change over evolution. Whole genome duplication (WGD) and segmental duplication played a significant role in the expansion of the GATL gene family in G. hirsutum. Selection pressure analyses revealed that GATL-a and GATL-b groups underwent a great positive selection pressure during evolution. Moreover, the expression patterns revealed that most of highly expressed GhGATL genes belong to GATL-a and GATL-b groups, which have more segmental duplications and larger positive selection value, suggesting that these genes may play an important role in the evolution of cotton plants. We overexpressed GhGATL2, GhGATL9, GhGATL12, and GhGATL15 in Arabidopsis and silenced the GhGATL15 gene in cotton through a virus induced gene silencing assay (VIGS). The transgenic and VIGS lines showed significant differences in stem diameter, epidermal hair length, stamen length, seed size, and fiber length than the control plant. In addition, the pectin content test proved that the pectin was significantly increased in the transgenic lines and reduced in VIGS plants, demonstrating that GhGATL genes have similar functions and act on the pectin synthesis to regulate plant growth and fiber elongation. In summary, we performed a comprehensive analysis of GhGATL genes in G. hirsutum including evolution, structure and function, in order to better understand GhGATL genes in cotton for further studies.
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Castilleux R, Ropitaux M, Manasfi Y, Bernard S, Vicré-Gibouin M, Driouich A. Contributions to Arabinogalactan Protein Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2149:383-402. [PMID: 32617947 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0621-6_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are important plant proteoglycans involved in many development processes. In roots, AGPs occur in the cell wall of root cells and root cap-derived cells as well as in the secreted mucilage. Detection, localization , and quantification techniques are therefore essential to unravel the AGP diversity of structures and functions. This chapter details root-adapted immunocytochemical methods using monoclonal antibodies, and a collection of biochemical analysis protocols using β-D-glucosyl Yariv reagent for comprehensive AGP characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Castilleux
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Marc Ropitaux
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Youssef Manasfi
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Sophie Bernard
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
- UNIROUEN, PRIMACEN, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Maïté Vicré-Gibouin
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche (Normandie-Végétale) FED 4277 - Université de Rouen Normandie, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV, Normandie Université, Rouen, France.
- UNIROUEN, PRIMACEN, Normandie Université, Rouen, France.
- Structure Fédérative de Recherche (Normandie-Végétale) FED 4277 - Université de Rouen Normandie, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France.
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Carreras A, Bernard S, Durambur G, Gügi B, Loutelier C, Pawlak B, Boulogne I, Vicré M, Driouich A, Goffner D, Follet-Gueye ML. In vitro characterization of root extracellular trap and exudates of three Sahelian woody plant species. PLANTA 2019; 251:19. [PMID: 31781905 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03302-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan protein content in both root extracellular trap and root exudates varies in three Sahelian woody plant species that are differentially tolerant to drought. At the root tip, mature root cap cells, mainly border cells (BCs)/border-like cells (BLCs) and their associated mucilage, form a web-like structure known as the "Root Extracellular Trap" (RET). Although the RET along with the entire suite of root exudates are known to influence rhizosphere function, their features in woody species is poorly documented. Here, RET and root exudates were analyzed from three Sahelian woody species with contrasted sensitivity to drought stress (Balanites aegyptiaca, Acacia raddiana and Tamarindus indica) and that have been selected for reforestation along the African Great Green Wall in northern Senegal. Optical and transmission electron microscopy show that Balanites aegyptiaca, the most drought-tolerant species, produces only BC, whereas Acacia raddiana and Tamarindus indica release both BCs and BLCs. Biochemical analyses reveal that RET and root exudates of Balanites aegyptiaca and Acacia raddiana contain significantly more abundant arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) compared to Tamarindus indica, the most drought-sensitive species. Root exudates of the three woody species also differentially impact the plant soil beneficial bacteria Azospirillum brasilense growth. These results highlight the importance of root secretions for woody species survival under dry conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Carreras
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Sophie Bernard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, PRIMACEN, IRIB, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Gaëlle Durambur
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Bruno Gügi
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Corinne Loutelier
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, COBRA CNRS UMR 6014, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Barbara Pawlak
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Isabelle Boulogne
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Maite Vicré
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Deborah Goffner
- CNRS UMI 3189 ESS, Pôle France, 13344, Marseille Cedex 15, France
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Glyco-MEV EA4358, SFR NORVEGE FED 4277, 76821, Mont Saint-Aignan, France.
- Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » , FED 4277, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, PRIMACEN, IRIB, 76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
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Feigl G, Molnár Á, Szőllősi R, Ördög A, Törőcsik K, Oláh D, Bodor A, Perei K, Kolbert Z. Zinc-induced root architectural changes of rhizotron-grown B. napus correlate with a differential nitro-oxidative response. Nitric Oxide 2019; 90:55-65. [PMID: 31271864 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Roots have a noteworthy plasticity: due to different stress conditions their architecture can change to favour seedling vigour and yield stability. The development of the root system is regulated by a complex and diverse signalling network, which besides hormonal factors, includes reactive oxygen (ROS) - and nitrogen species (RNS). The delicate balance of the endogenous signal system can be affected by various environmental stimuli, such as the excess of essential heavy metals, like zinc (Zn). Zn at low concentration, is able to induce the morphological and physiological adaptation of the root system, but in excess it exerts toxic effects on plants. In this study the effect of a low, growth-inducing, and a high, growth inhibiting Zn concentrations on the early development of Brassica napus (L.) root architecture and the underlying nitro-oxidative mechanisms were studied in a soil-filled rhizotron system. The growth-inhibiting Zn treatment resulted in elevated protein tyrosine nitration due to the imbalance in ROS and RNS homeostasis, however its pattern was not changed compared to the control. This nitro-oxidative stress was accompanied by serious changes in the cell wall composition and decrease in the cell proliferation and viability, due to the high Zn uptake and disturbed microelement homeostasis in the root tips. During the positive root growth response, a tyrosine nitration-pattern reorganisation was observed; there were no substantial changes in ROS and RNS balance and the viability and proliferation of the root tips' meristematic zone decreased to a lesser extent, as a result of a lower Zn uptake. The obtained results suggest that Zn in different amounts triggers different root growth responses accompanied by distinct changes in the pattern and strength of tyrosine nitration, proposing that nitrosative processes have an important role in the stress-induced root growth responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Feigl
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H6726, Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary.
| | - Árpád Molnár
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H6726, Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary.
| | - Réka Szőllősi
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H6726, Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary.
| | - Attila Ördög
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H6726, Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary.
| | - Kitti Törőcsik
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H6726, Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary.
| | - Dóra Oláh
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H6726, Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary.
| | - Attila Bodor
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, H6726, Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary; Institute of Environmental and Technological Sciences, University of Szeged, H6726, Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Perei
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, H6726, Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary; Institute of Environmental and Technological Sciences, University of Szeged, H6726, Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsanna Kolbert
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, H6726, Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, Hungary.
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Maeda K, Kunieda T, Tamura K, Hatano K, Hara-Nishimura I, Shimada T. Identification of Periplasmic Root-Cap Mucilage in Developing Columella Cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:1296-1303. [PMID: 30892660 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots secrete various substances with diverse functions against both plants and microbes in the rhizosphere. A major secretory substance is root-cap mucilage, whose functions have been well characterized, albeit mainly in crops. However, little is currently known about the developmental mechanisms of root-cap mucilage. Here, we show the accumulation and extrusion of root-cap mucilage in Arabidopsis. We found propidium iodide (PI) stainable structures between the plasma membrane and cell wall in the sixth layer of columella cells (c6) from the quiescent center. Ruthenium red staining and PI staining with calcium ions suggested that the structure comprises in part pectin polysaccharides. Electron microscopy revealed that the structure had a meshwork of electron-dense filaments that resembled periplasmic mucilage in other plants. In the c6 cells, we also observed many large vesicles with denser meshwork filaments to periplasmic mucilage, which likely mediate the transport of mucilage components. Extruded mucilage was observed outside a partially degraded cell wall in the c7 cells. Moreover, we found that the Class IIB NAC transcription factors BEARSKIN1 (BRN1) and BRN2, which are known to regulate the terminal differentiation of columella cells, were required for the efficient accumulation of root-cap mucilage in Arabidopsis. Taken together, our findings reveal the accumulation of and dynamic changes in periplasmic mucilage during columella cell development in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Maeda
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kunieda
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kyoko Hatano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Environment, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ikuko Hara-Nishimura
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoo Shimada
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Ropitaux M, Bernard S, Follet-Gueye ML, Vicré M, Boulogne I, Driouich A. Xyloglucan and cellulose form molecular cross-bridges connecting root border cells in pea (Pisum sativum). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:191-196. [PMID: 30904720 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pea (Pisum sativum) root cap releases a large number of living border cells that secrete abundant mucilage into the extracellular medium. Mucilage contains a complex mixture of polysaccharides, proteins and secondary metabolites important for its structure and function in defense. Unlike xyloglucan and cellulose, pectin and arabinogalactan proteins have been investigated in pea root and shown to be major components of border cell walls and mucilage. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of xyloglucan and cellulose in pea border cells and mucilage using cytochemical staining, immunocytochemistry and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Our data show that i) unlike cellulose, xyloglucan is highly present in the released mucilage as a dense fibrillary network enclosing border cells and ii) that xyloglucan and cellulose form molecular cross-bridges that tether cells and maintain them attached together. These findings suggest that secreted xyloglucan is essential for mucilage strengthening and border cell attachment and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ropitaux
- Université de ROUEN, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal », FED 4277, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.
| | - Sophie Bernard
- Université de ROUEN, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal », FED 4277, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Université de ROUEN, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal », FED 4277, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Maïté Vicré
- Université de ROUEN, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal », FED 4277, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Isabelle Boulogne
- Université de ROUEN, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal », FED 4277, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Université de ROUEN, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, UPRES-EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal », FED 4277, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, F-76821, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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Driouich A, Smith C, Ropitaux M, Chambard M, Boulogne I, Bernard S, Follet-Gueye ML, Vicré M, Moore J. Root extracellular traps versus neutrophil extracellular traps in host defence, a case of functional convergence? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1685-1700. [PMID: 31134732 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The root cap releases cells that produce massive amounts of mucilage containing polysaccharides, proteoglycans, extracellular DNA (exDNA) and a variety of antimicrobial compounds. The released cells - known as border cells or border-like cells - and mucilage secretions form networks that are defined as root extracellular traps (RETs). RETs are important players in root immunity. In animals, phagocytes are some of the most abundant white blood cells in circulation and are very important for immunity. These cells combat pathogens through multiple defence mechanisms, including the release of exDNA-containing extracellular traps (ETs). Traps of neutrophil origin are abbreviated herein as NETs. Similar to phagocytes, plant root cap-originating cells actively contribute to frontline defence against pathogens. RETs and NETs are thus components of the plant and animal immune systems, respectively, that exhibit similar compositional and functional properties. Herein, we describe and discuss the formation, molecular composition and functional similarities of these similar but different extracellular traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Thomas Becket, 76000, Rouen, France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » - FED4277, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Carine Smith
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Science Faculty, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Marc Ropitaux
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Thomas Becket, 76000, Rouen, France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » - FED4277, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Marie Chambard
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Thomas Becket, 76000, Rouen, France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » - FED4277, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Isabelle Boulogne
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Thomas Becket, 76000, Rouen, France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » - FED4277, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Sophie Bernard
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Thomas Becket, 76000, Rouen, France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » - FED4277, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Thomas Becket, 76000, Rouen, France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » - FED4277, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Maïté Vicré
- Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, EA4358, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 1 Rue Thomas Becket, 76000, Rouen, France.,Structure Fédérative de Recherche « Normandie-Végétal » - FED4277, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - John Moore
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
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The Root Cap Cuticle: A Cell Wall Structure for Seedling Establishment and Lateral Root Formation. Cell 2019; 176:1367-1378.e8. [PMID: 30773319 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The root cap surrounding the tip of plant roots is thought to protect the delicate stem cells in the root meristem. We discovered that the first layer of root cap cells is covered by an electron-opaque cell wall modification resembling a plant cuticle. Cuticles are polyester-based protective structures considered exclusive to aerial plant organs. Mutations in cutin biosynthesis genes affect the composition and ultrastructure of this cuticular structure, confirming its cutin-like characteristics. Strikingly, targeted degradation of the root cap cuticle causes a hypersensitivity to abiotic stresses during seedling establishment. Furthermore, lateral root primordia also display a cuticle that, when defective, causes delayed outgrowth and organ deformations, suggesting that it facilitates lateral root emergence. Our results show that the previously unrecognized root cap cuticle protects the root meristem during the critical phase of seedling establishment and promotes the efficient formation of lateral roots.
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36
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Castilleux R, Plancot B, Ropitaux M, Carreras A, Leprince J, Boulogne I, Follet-Gueye ML, Popper ZA, Driouich A, Vicré M. Cell wall extensins in root-microbe interactions and root secretions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4235-4247. [PMID: 29945246 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Extensins are cell wall glycoproteins, belonging to the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) family, which are involved in many biological functions, including plant growth and defence. Several reviews have described the involvement of HRGPs in plant immunity but little focus has been given specifically to cell wall extensins. Yet, a large set of recently published data indicates that extensins play an important role in plant protection, especially in root-microbe interactions. Here, we summarise the current knowledge on this topic and discuss the importance of extensins in root defence. We first provide an overview of the distribution of extensin epitopes recognised by different monoclonal antibodies among plants and discuss the relevance of some of these epitopes as markers of the root defence response. We also highlight the implication of extensins in different types of plant interactions elicited by either pathogenic or beneficial micro-organisms. We then present and discuss the specific importance of extensins in root secretions, as these glycoproteins are not only found in the cell walls but are also released into the root mucilage. Finally, we propose a model to illustrate the impact of cell wall extensin on root secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Castilleux
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" FED, Rouen, France
| | - Barbara Plancot
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" FED, Rouen, France
| | - Marc Ropitaux
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" FED, Rouen, France
| | - Alexis Carreras
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" FED, Rouen, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- INSERM U1239, Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | - Isabelle Boulogne
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" FED, Rouen, France
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" FED, Rouen, France
| | - Zoë A Popper
- Botany and Plant Science and The Ryan Institute for Environmental, Marine and Energy Research, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" FED, Rouen, France
| | - Maïté Vicré
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glyco-MEV EA 4358, Fédération de Recherche "Normandie Végétal" FED, Rouen, France
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The dynamics of root cap sloughing in Arabidopsis is regulated by peptide signalling. NATURE PLANTS 2018; 4:596-604. [PMID: 30061750 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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38
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Wang P, Kang BH. The trans-Golgi sorting and the exocytosis of xylogalacturonan from the root border/border-like cell are conserved among monocot and dicot plant species. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1469362. [PMID: 29888993 PMCID: PMC6149412 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1469362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Root border cells lie at the interface between the root cap and the soil, secreting mucilage containing polysaccharides and molecules influencing microbial growth around the root. Border cells are sloughed off from the root surface, and the detachment is associated with secretion of xylogalacturonan (XGA). Recently, we showed that in alfalfa XGA secretion is mediated by large vesicles arising from the trans-Golgi in root cap cells. These vesicles are detected in precursor cells of border cells, but their fusion with the plasma membrane is observed only in border cells. We have now examined XGA secretion from maize border cells and Arabidopsis border-like cells using transmission electron microscopy and immunolabeling. In the root caps of both species, XGA is packaged into vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi, not in the vesicles from the trans-Golgi network as in the alfalfa root cap. Border cell-specific exocytosis of XGA was observed in the maize root suggesting that sorting and secretion of XGA in the root cap are conserved in monocot plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Byung-Ho Kang
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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39
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Smith DK, Jones DM, Lau JBR, Cruz ER, Brown E, Harper JF, Wallace IS. A Putative Protein O-Fucosyltransferase Facilitates Pollen Tube Penetration through the Stigma -Style Interface. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:2804-2818. [PMID: 29467178 PMCID: PMC5884604 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
During pollen-pistil interactions in angiosperms, the male gametophyte (pollen) germinates to produce a pollen tube. To fertilize ovules located within the female pistil, the pollen tube must physically penetrate specialized tissues. Whereas the process of pollen tube penetration through the pistil has been anatomically well described, the genetic regulation remains poorly understood. In this study, we identify a novel Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) gene, O-FUCOSYLTRANSFERASE1 (AtOFT1), which plays a key role in pollen tube penetration through the stigma-style interface. Semi-in vivo growth assays demonstrate that oft1 mutant pollen tubes have a reduced ability to penetrate the stigma-style interface, leading to a nearly 2,000-fold decrease in oft1 pollen transmission efficiency and a 5- to 10-fold decreased seed set. We also demonstrate that AtOFT1 is localized to the Golgi apparatus, indicating its potential role in cellular glycosylation events. Finally, we demonstrate that AtOFT1 and other similar Arabidopsis genes represent a novel clade of sequences related to metazoan protein O-fucosyltransferases and that mutation of residues that are important for O-fucosyltransferase activity compromises AtOFT1 function in vivo. The results of this study elucidate a physiological function for AtOFT1 in pollen tube penetration through the stigma-style interface and highlight the potential importance of protein O-glycosylation events in pollen-pistil interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin K Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Danielle M Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Jonathan B R Lau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Edward R Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Elizabeth Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Jeffrey F Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Ian S Wallace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
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40
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Molnár Á, Kolbert Z, Kéri K, Feigl G, Ördög A, Szőllősi R, Erdei L. Selenite-induced nitro-oxidative stress processes in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica juncea. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 148:664-674. [PMID: 29169148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Extremes of selenium (Se) exert toxic effects on plants' physiological processes; although plant species tolerate Se differently. This study focuses on the effect of Se (0, 20, 50 or 100μM sodium selenite) on secondary nitro-oxidative stress processes mainly using in situ microscopic methods in non-accumulator Arabidopsis thaliana and secondary Se accumulator Brassica juncea. Relative Se tolerance or sensitivity of the species was evaluated based on growth parameters (fresh and dry weight, root growth) and cell viability. Besides, selenite-triggered cell wall modifications (pectin, callose) and stomatal regulations were determined for the first time. In case of Arabidopsis, relative selenite sensitivity was accompanied by decreased stomatal density and induced stomatal opening, callose accumulation, pronounced oxidative stress and moderate nitrosative modifications. In contrast, the selenite-treated, relatively tolerant Brassica juncea showed larger number of more opened stomata, pectin accumulation, moderate oxidative and intense nitrosative stress. These suggest that selenite tolerance or sensitivity is rather associated with oxidative processes than secondary nitrosative modifications in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Árpád Molnár
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Hungary; Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Krisztina Kéri
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Feigl
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Ördög
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Réka Szőllősi
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Erdei
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Hungary
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41
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Karve RA, Iyer-Pascuzzi AS. Further insights into the role of NIN-LIKE PROTEIN 7 (NLP7) in root cap cell release. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1414122. [PMID: 29215953 PMCID: PMC5790402 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1414122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The root cap protects the root from environmental stress and senses gravity. Cells of the last layer of the root cap are shed in a developmentally programmed process. We previously showed that the transcription factor NIN-LIKE PROTEIN7 (NLP7) regulates root cap cell release likely through regulation of CELLULASE5 (CEL5). Here we provide a supplement to that work. We hypothesized that the nlp7 mutant has defects in additional root cap functions. We find that neither gravity sensing nor expression of a root cap cell identity marker is altered in nlp7 but that expression of another cellulase, CEL3, is upregulated. We conclude that NLP7 control of root cap cell release is largely independent of gravity sensing and root cap cell identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha A. Karve
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Anjali S. Iyer-Pascuzzi
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology and Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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42
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Geisler-Lee J, Liu X, Rang W, Raveendiran J, Szubryt MB, Gibson DJ, Geisler M, Cheng Q. Image-Based Analysis to Dissect Vertical Distribution and Horizontal Asymmetry of Conspecific Root System Interactions in Response to Planting Densities, Nutrients and Root Exudates in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 6:E46. [PMID: 29019936 PMCID: PMC5750622 DOI: 10.3390/plants6040046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intraspecific competition is an important plant interaction that has been studied extensively aboveground, but less so belowground, due to the difficulties in accessing the root system experimentally. Recent in vivo and in situ automatic imaging advances help understand root system architecture. In this study, a portable imaging platform and a scalable transplant technique were applied to test intraspecific competition in Arabidopsis thaliana. A single green fluorescent protein labeled plant was placed in the center of a grid of different planting densities of neighboring unlabeled plants or empty spaces, into which different treatments were made to the media. The root system of the central plant showed changes in the vertical distribution with increasing neighbor density, becoming more positively kurtotic, and developing an increasing negative skew with time. Horizontal root distribution was initially asymmetric, but became more evenly circular with time, and mean direction was not affected by the presence of adjacent empty spaces as initially hypothesized. To date, this is the first study to analyze the patterns of both vertical and horizontal growth in conspecific root systems. We present a portable imaging platform with simplicity, accessibility, and scalability, to capture the dynamic interactions of plant root systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Geisler-Lee
- Department of Plant Biology, Mailcode 6509, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, Mailcode 4511, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - Xian Liu
- Program of Environmental Resources & Policy, Mailcode 4637, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - Wei Rang
- Department of Computer Science, Mailcode 4511, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | - Jayanthan Raveendiran
- Department of Computer Science, Mailcode 4511, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - Marisa Blake Szubryt
- Department of Plant Biology, Mailcode 6509, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - David John Gibson
- Department of Plant Biology, Mailcode 6509, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
- Center for Ecology, Mailcode 6504, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - Matt Geisler
- Department of Plant Biology, Mailcode 6509, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
| | - Qiang Cheng
- Department of Computer Science, Mailcode 4511, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics & Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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Kamiya M, Higashio SY, Isomoto A, Kim JM, Seki M, Miyashima S, Nakajima K. Control of root cap maturation and cell detachment by BEARSKIN transcription factors in Arabidopsis. Development 2017; 143:4063-4072. [PMID: 27803060 DOI: 10.1242/dev.142331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The root cap supports root growth by protecting the root meristem, sensing gravity and interacting with the rhizosphere through metabolite secretion and cell dispersal. Sustained root cap functions therefore rely on balanced proliferation of proximal stem cells and regulated detachment of distal mature cells. Although the gene regulatory network that governs stem cell activity in the root cap has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis, the mechanisms by which root cap cells mature and detach from the root tip are poorly understood. We performed a detailed expression analysis of three regulators of root cap differentiation, SOMBRERO, BEARSKIN1 and BEARSKIN2, and identified their downstream genes. Our results indicate that expression of BEARSKIN1 and BEARSKIN2 is associated with cell positioning on the root surface. We identified a glycosyl hydrolase 28 (GH28) family polygalacturonase (PG) gene as a direct target of BEARSKIN1. Overexpression and loss-of-function analyses demonstrated that the protein encoded by this PG gene facilitates cell detachment. We thus revealed a molecular link between the key regulators of root cap differentiation and the cellular events underlying root cap-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Kamiya
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Higashio
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Atsushi Isomoto
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Jong-Myong Kim
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Miyashima
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Keiji Nakajima
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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Mravec J, Guo X, Hansen AR, Schückel J, Kračun SK, Mikkelsen MD, Mouille G, Johansen IE, Ulvskov P, Domozych DS, Willats WGT. Pea Border Cell Maturation and Release Involve Complex Cell Wall Structural Dynamics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:1051-1066. [PMID: 28400496 PMCID: PMC5462005 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion of plant cells is vital for support and protection of the plant body and is maintained by a variety of molecular associations between cell wall components. In some specialized cases, though, plant cells are programmed to detach, and root cap-derived border cells are examples of this. Border cells (in some species known as border-like cells) provide an expendable barrier between roots and the environment. Their maturation and release is an important but poorly characterized cell separation event. To gain a deeper insight into the complex cellular dynamics underlying this process, we undertook a systematic, detailed analysis of pea (Pisum sativum) root tip cell walls. Our study included immunocarbohydrate microarray profiling, monosaccharide composition determination, Fourier-transformed infrared microspectroscopy, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR of cell wall biosynthetic genes, analysis of hydrolytic activities, transmission electron microscopy, and immunolocalization of cell wall components. Using this integrated glycobiology approach, we identified multiple novel modes of cell wall structural and compositional rearrangement during root cap growth and the release of border cells. Our findings provide a new level of detail about border cell maturation and enable us to develop a model of the separation process. We propose that loss of adhesion by the dissolution of homogalacturonan in the middle lamellae is augmented by an active biophysical process of cell curvature driven by the polarized distribution of xyloglucan and extensin epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Mravec
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark (J.M., X.G., A.R.H., J.S., S.K.K., M.D.M., I.E.J., P.U.);
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (G.M.);
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866 (D.S.D.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (W.G.T.W.)
| | - Xiaoyuan Guo
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark (J.M., X.G., A.R.H., J.S., S.K.K., M.D.M., I.E.J., P.U.)
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (G.M.)
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866 (D.S.D.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (W.G.T.W.)
| | - Aleksander Riise Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark (J.M., X.G., A.R.H., J.S., S.K.K., M.D.M., I.E.J., P.U.)
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (G.M.)
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866 (D.S.D.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (W.G.T.W.)
| | - Julia Schückel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark (J.M., X.G., A.R.H., J.S., S.K.K., M.D.M., I.E.J., P.U.)
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (G.M.)
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866 (D.S.D.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (W.G.T.W.)
| | - Stjepan Krešimir Kračun
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark (J.M., X.G., A.R.H., J.S., S.K.K., M.D.M., I.E.J., P.U.)
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (G.M.)
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866 (D.S.D.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (W.G.T.W.)
| | - Maria Dalgaard Mikkelsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark (J.M., X.G., A.R.H., J.S., S.K.K., M.D.M., I.E.J., P.U.)
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (G.M.)
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866 (D.S.D.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (W.G.T.W.)
| | - Grégory Mouille
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark (J.M., X.G., A.R.H., J.S., S.K.K., M.D.M., I.E.J., P.U.)
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (G.M.)
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866 (D.S.D.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (W.G.T.W.)
| | - Ida Elisabeth Johansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark (J.M., X.G., A.R.H., J.S., S.K.K., M.D.M., I.E.J., P.U.)
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (G.M.)
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866 (D.S.D.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (W.G.T.W.)
| | - Peter Ulvskov
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark (J.M., X.G., A.R.H., J.S., S.K.K., M.D.M., I.E.J., P.U.)
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (G.M.)
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866 (D.S.D.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (W.G.T.W.)
| | - David S Domozych
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark (J.M., X.G., A.R.H., J.S., S.K.K., M.D.M., I.E.J., P.U.)
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (G.M.)
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866 (D.S.D.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (W.G.T.W.)
| | - William George Tycho Willats
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark (J.M., X.G., A.R.H., J.S., S.K.K., M.D.M., I.E.J., P.U.);
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1318 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/AgroParisTech, Saclay Plant Sciences, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Centre de Versailles, 78026 Versailles cedex, France (G.M.);
- Department of Biology and Skidmore Microscopy Imaging Center, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, New York 12866 (D.S.D.); and
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Development, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom (W.G.T.W.)
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Weiller F, Moore JP, Young P, Driouich A, Vivier MA. The Brassicaceae species Heliophila coronopifolia produces root border-like cells that protect the root tip and secrete defensin peptides. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2017; 119:803-813. [PMID: 27481828 PMCID: PMC5379576 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Root border cells and border-like cells (BLCs), the latter originally described in Arabidopsis thaliana , have been described as cells released at the root tips of the species in which they occur. BLCs are thought to provide protection to root meristems similar to classical root border cells. In addition, four defensin peptides (Hc-AFP1-4) have previously been characterized from Heliophila coronopifolia , a South African semi-desert flower, and found to be strongly antifungal. This provided an opportunity to evaluate if the BLCs of H. coronopifolia indeed produce these defensins, which would provide evidence towards a defence role for BLCs. Methods Fluorescence microscopy, using live-cell-imaging technology, was used to characterize the BLCs of H. coronopifolia . Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis and immunofluorescence microscopy was used to characterize these defensin peptides. Key Results BLCs originated at the root apical meristem and formed a protective sheath at the tip and along the sides as the root elongated in solid medium. BLCs have a cellulose-enriched cell wall, intact nuclei and are embedded in a layer of pectin-rich mucilage. Pectinase treatments led to the dissolution of the sheath and dissociation of the root BLCs. Hc-AFP1-4 genes were all expressed in root tissues, but Hc-AFP3 transcripts were the most abundant in these tissues as measured by qRT-PCR. A polyclonal antibody that was cross-reactive with all four defensins, and probably recognizing a general plant defensin epitope, was used in fluorescence microscopy analysis to examine the presence of the peptides in the root tip and BLCs. Data confirmed the peptides present in the root tip tissues, the mucilage sheath and the BLCs. Conclusions This study provides a link between defensin peptides and BLCs, both embedded in a protective pectin mucilage sheath, during normal plant growth and development. The presence of the Hc-AFP3 defensin peptides in the BLCs suggests a role for these cells in root protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Weiller
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), Grand Réseau de Recherche VASI de Haute Normandie, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan cedex, France
| | - John P. Moore
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Philip Young
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), Grand Réseau de Recherche VASI de Haute Normandie, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan cedex, France
| | - Melané A. Vivier
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Department of Viticulture and Oenology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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Wu Y, Fan W, Li X, Chen H, Takáč T, Šamajová O, Fabrice MR, Xie L, Ma J, Šamaj J, Xu C. Expression and distribution of extensins and AGPs in susceptible and resistant banana cultivars in response to wounding and Fusarium oxysporum. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42400. [PMID: 28218299 PMCID: PMC5316987 DOI: 10.1038/srep42400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Banana Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is soil-borne disease of banana (Musa spp.) causing significant economic losses. Extensins and arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) are cell wall components important for pathogen defence. Their significance for Foc resistance in banana was not reported so far. In this study, two banana cultivars differing in Foc sensitivity were used to monitor the changes in transcript levels, abundance and distribution of extensins and AGPs after wounding and Foc inoculation. Extensins mainly appeared in the root cap and meristematic cells. AGPs recognized by JIM13, JIM8, PN16.4B4 and CCRC-M134 antibodies located in root hairs, xylem and root cap. Individual AGPs and extensins showed specific radial distribution in banana roots. At the transcript level, seven extensins and 23 AGPs were differentially expressed between two banana cultivars before and after treatments. Two extensins and five AGPs responded to the treatments at the protein level. Most extensins and AGPs were up-regulated by wounding and pathogen inoculation of intact plants but down-regulated by pathogen attack of wounded plants. Main components responsible for the resistance of banana were MaELP-2 and MaPELP-2. Our data revealed that AGPs and extensins represent dynamic cell wall components involved in wounding and Foc resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Wu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Fan
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoquan Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Houbin Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Tomáš Takáč
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Šamajová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Ling Xie
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Juan Ma
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Chunxiang Xu
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Koroney AS, Plasson C, Pawlak B, Sidikou R, Driouich A, Menu-Bouaouiche L, Vicré-Gibouin M. Root exudate of Solanum tuberosum is enriched in galactose-containing molecules and impacts the growth of Pectobacterium atrosepticum. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 118:797-808. [PMID: 27390353 PMCID: PMC5055634 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Background and aims Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is an important food crop and is grown worldwide. It is, however, significantly sensitive to a number of soil-borne pathogens that affect roots and tubers, causing considerable economic losses. So far, most research on potato has been dedicated to tubers and hence little attention has been paid to root structure and function. Methods In the present study we characterized root border cells using histochemical staining, immunofluorescence labelling of cell wall polysaccharides epitopes and observation using laser confocal microscopy. The monosaccharide composition of the secreted exudates was determined by gas chromatography of trimethylsilyl methylglycoside derivatives. The effects of root exudates and secreted arabinogalactan proteins on bacterial growth were investigated using in vitro bioassays. Key Results Root exudate from S. tuberosum was highly enriched in galactose-containing molecules including arabinogalactan proteins as major components. Treatment of the root with an elicitor derived from Pectobacterium atrosepticum, a soil-borne pathogen of potato, altered the composition of the exudates and arabinogalactan proteins. We found that the growth of the bacterium in vitro was differentially affected by exudates from elicited and non-elicited roots (i.e. inhibition versus stimulation). Conclusions Taken together, these findings indicate that galactose-containing polymers of potato root exudates play a central role in root-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdoul Salam Koroney
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (EA 4358), Grand Réseau de Recherche VASI ‘Végétal-Agronomie-Sol et Innovations’ et Plate-Forme d’Imagerie Cellulaire (PRIMACEN) de Haute-Normandie, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Carole Plasson
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (EA 4358), Grand Réseau de Recherche VASI ‘Végétal-Agronomie-Sol et Innovations’ et Plate-Forme d’Imagerie Cellulaire (PRIMACEN) de Haute-Normandie, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Barbara Pawlak
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Signaux Microenvironnement EA 4312, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Ramatou Sidikou
- Faculté des Sciences, Université A.M. de Niamey, B.P. 12022 Niamey, Niger
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (EA 4358), Grand Réseau de Recherche VASI ‘Végétal-Agronomie-Sol et Innovations’ et Plate-Forme d’Imagerie Cellulaire (PRIMACEN) de Haute-Normandie, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Laurence Menu-Bouaouiche
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (EA 4358), Grand Réseau de Recherche VASI ‘Végétal-Agronomie-Sol et Innovations’ et Plate-Forme d’Imagerie Cellulaire (PRIMACEN) de Haute-Normandie, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - Maïté Vicré-Gibouin
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (EA 4358), Grand Réseau de Recherche VASI ‘Végétal-Agronomie-Sol et Innovations’ et Plate-Forme d’Imagerie Cellulaire (PRIMACEN) de Haute-Normandie, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
- *For correspondence. E-mail
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48
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Corral-Martínez P, García-Fortea E, Bernard S, Driouich A, Seguí-Simarro JM. Ultrastructural Immunolocalization of Arabinogalactan Protein, Pectin and Hemicellulose Epitopes Through Anther Development in Brassica napus. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:2161-2174. [PMID: 27481894 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we performed an extensive and detailed analysis of the changes in cell wall composition during Brassica napus anther development. We used immunogold labeling to study the spatial and temporal patterns of the composition and distribution of different arabinogalactan protein (AGP), pectin, xyloglucan and xylan epitopes in high-pressure-frozen/freeze-substituted anthers, quantifying and comparing their relative levels in the different anther tissues and developmental stages. We used the following monoclonal antibodies: JIM13, JIM8, JIM14 and JIM16 for AGPs, LM5, LM6, JIM7, JIM5 and LM7 for pectins, CCRC-M1, CCRC-M89 and LM15 for xyloglucan, and LM11 for xylan. Each cell wall epitope showed a characteristic temporal and spatial labeling pattern. Microspore, pollen and tapetal cells showed similar patterns for each epitope, whereas the outermost anther layers (epidermis, endothecium and middle layers) presented remarkably different patterns. Our results suggested that AGPs, pectins, xyloglucan and xylan have specific roles during anther development. The AGP epitopes studied appeared to belong to AGPs specifically involved in microspore differentiation, and contributed first by the tapetum and then, upon tapetal dismantling, by the endothecium and middle layers. In contrast, the changes in pectin and hemicellulose epitopes suggested a specific role in anther dehiscence, facilitating anther wall weakening and rupture. The distribution of the different cell wall constituents is regulated in a tissue- and stage-specific manner, which seems directly related to the role of each tissue at each stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Corral-Martínez
- COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, CPI, Edificio 8E, Escalera I, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Edgar García-Fortea
- COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, CPI, Edificio 8E, Escalera I, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sophie Bernard
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV)-EA 4358, Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire (PRIMACEN) et Grand Reseau de Recherche VASI de Haute Normandie, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan, Cedex, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV)-EA 4358, Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire (PRIMACEN) et Grand Reseau de Recherche VASI de Haute Normandie, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont Saint Aignan, Cedex, France
| | - Jose M Seguí-Simarro
- COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, CPI, Edificio 8E, Escalera I, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
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Qu L, Wu C, Zhang F, Wu Y, Fang C, Jin C, Liu X, Luo J. Rice putative methyltransferase gene OsTSD2 is required for root development involving pectin modification. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5349-5362. [PMID: 27497286 PMCID: PMC5049386 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pectin synthesis and modification are vital for plant development, although the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. Here, we report the functional characterization of the OsTSD2 gene, which encodes a putative methyltransferase in rice. All three independent T-DNA insertion lines of OsTSD2 displayed dwarf phenotypes and serial alterations in different zones of the root. These alterations included abnormal cellular adhesion and schizogenous aerenchyma formation in the meristematic zone, inhibited root elongation in the elongation zone, and higher lateral root density in the mature zone. Immunofluorescence (with LM19) and Ruthenium Red staining of the roots showed that unesterified homogalacturonan (HG) was increased in Ostsd2 mutants. Biochemical analysis of cell wall pectin polysaccharides revealed that both the monosaccharide composition and the uronic acid content were decreased in Ostsd2 mutants. Increased endogenous ABA content and opposite roles performed by ABA and IAA in regulating cellular adhesion in the Ostsd2 mutants suggested that OsTSD2 is required for root development in rice through a pathway involving pectin synthesis/modification. A hypothesis to explain the relationship among OsTSD2, pectin methylesterification, and root development is proposed, based on pectin's function in regional cell extension/division in a zone-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghuan Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunyan Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuanying Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Cheng Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianqing Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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50
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Ezquer I, Mizzotti C, Nguema-Ona E, Gotté M, Beauzamy L, Viana VE, Dubrulle N, Costa de Oliveira A, Caporali E, Koroney AS, Boudaoud A, Driouich A, Colombo L. The Developmental Regulator SEEDSTICK Controls Structural and Mechanical Properties of the Arabidopsis Seed Coat. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:2478-2492. [PMID: 27624758 PMCID: PMC5134981 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Although many transcription factors involved in cell wall morphogenesis have been identified and studied, it is still unknown how genetic and molecular regulation of cell wall biosynthesis is integrated into developmental programs. We demonstrate by molecular genetic studies that SEEDSTICK (STK), a transcription factor controlling ovule and seed integument identity, directly regulates PMEI6 and other genes involved in the biogenesis of the cellulose-pectin matrix of the cell wall. Based on atomic force microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and chemical analyses, we propose that structural modifications of the cell wall matrix in the stk mutant contribute to defects in mucilage release and seed germination under water-stress conditions. Our studies reveal a molecular network controlled by STK that regulates cell wall properties of the seed coat, demonstrating that developmental regulators controlling organ identity also coordinate specific aspects of cell wall characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Ezquer
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mizzotti
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Eric Nguema-Ona
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation (VASI), 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Centre Mondial de l'Innovation-Laboratoire de Nutrition Végétale, 35400 Saint Malo, France
| | - Maxime Gotté
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation (VASI), 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Léna Beauzamy
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, INRA, CNRS, ENS, UCB Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Vivian Ebeling Viana
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Nelly Dubrulle
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, INRA, CNRS, ENS, UCB Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Antonio Costa de Oliveira
- Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, RS 96010-900, Brazil
| | - Elisabetta Caporali
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Abdoul-Salam Koroney
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation (VASI), 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Arezki Boudaoud
- Laboratoire de Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, INRA, CNRS, ENS, UCB Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation (VASI), 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di BioScienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica, 20133 Milan, Italy
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