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Li H, Ma W, Wang X, Hu H, Cao L, Ma H, Lin J, Zhong M. A WUSCHEL-related homeobox transcription factor, SlWOX4, negatively regulates drought tolerance in tomato. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:253. [PMID: 39370470 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of SlWOX4 gene in tomato enhances tolerance to drought stress. Drought stress is one of the major abiotic factors that seriously affects plant growth and crop yield. WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factors are involved in plant growth, development and stress response. However, little is known about the role of WOX genes in drought tolerance in tomato. Here, SlWOX4, a member of the WOX family in tomato, was functionally characterized in mediating drought tolerance. SlWOX4 was homologous to Nicotiana tabacum NtWOX4 with a conserved HD domain, and was localized in the nucleus. SlWOX4 was significantly down-regulated by drought and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments. The loss-of-function mutations of SlWOX4 produced using the CRISPR-Cas9 system in tomato improved drought tolerance by reducing water loss rate and enhancing stomatal closure. In addition, the wox4 lines exhibited reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased antioxidant enzyme activity, proline contents and ABA contents under drought stress. Moreover, gene editing of SlWOX4 in tomato enhanced drought tolerance by regulating the expression of genes encoding antioxidants and ABA signaling molecules. In summary, SlWOX4 gene might negatively regulate drought stress tolerance in tomato and has great potential as a drought-resistant crop-breeding target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wanying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lina Cao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingwei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Ming Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Liaoning Province, College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
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Gao J, Qin P, Tang S, Guo L, Dai C, Wen J, Yi B, Ma C, Shen J, Fu T, Zou J, Tu J. A gain-of-function mutation in BnaIAA13 disrupts vascular tissue and lateral root development in Brassica napus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:5592-5610. [PMID: 38824403 PMCID: PMC11427839 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is an important oilseed crop worldwide. Plant vascular tissues are responsible for long-distance transport of water and nutrients and for providing mechanical support. The lateral roots absorb water and nutrients. The genetic basis of vascular tissue and lateral root development in rapeseed remains unknown. This study characterized an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized rapeseed mutant, T16, which showed dwarf stature, reduced lateral roots, and leaf wilting. SEM observations showed that the internode cells were shortened. Observations of tissue sections revealed defects in vascular bundle development in the stems and petioles. Genetic analysis revealed that the phenotypes of T16 were controlled by a single semi-dominant nuclear gene. Map-based cloning and genetic complementarity identified BnaA03.IAA13 as the functional gene; a G-to-A mutation in the second exon changed glycine at position 79 to glutamic acid, disrupting the conserved degron motif VGWPP. Transcriptome analysis in roots and stems showed that auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways were disordered in T16. Evolutionary analysis showed that AUXIN/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID is conserved during plant evolution. The heterozygote of T16 showed significantly reduced plant height while maintaining other agronomic traits. Our findings provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of vascular tissue and lateral root development, and offer a new germplasm resource for rapeseed breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Pei Qin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Shan Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Yazhouwan National Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, 572025, China
| | - Cheng Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jun Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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Zhou X, Han H, Chen J, Han H. The emerging roles of WOX genes in development and stress responses in woody plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 349:112259. [PMID: 39284515 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Woody plants represent the world largest biomass which are actually developed from small amounts of stem cells. The programing and re-programing of these stem cells significantly affect the plastic development and environmental adaptation of woody plants. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) genes constitute a family of plant-specific homeodomain transcription factors that perform key functions in plant development, including embryonic patterning, stem-cell maintenance, and organ formation. There also is emerging evidence supporting their participation in stress responses, although whether these functions are stem-cell-mediated is unknown. Past research has mainly focused on the WOX protein family in non-woody plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa. The roles of WOX genes in woody plant stem cell regulation are less understood, partially due to their long life cycles, large physical sizes and challenges in obtaining transgenic trees. Recent advancements in transformation protocols in various tree species have begun to reveal the functions of WOXs in woody plants. Here, we summarize current understanding of WOXs in embryogenesis, organogenesis, and stress responses, highlighting an emerging molecular network centered on WOXs in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Zhou
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Haitao Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jinhui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
| | - Han Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Qiu J, Chen M, Lu F, Chen X, Cai Z, Huang T. Methionine Synthase 2 Represses Stem Cell Maintenance of Arabidopsis thaliana in Response to Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2224. [PMID: 39204660 PMCID: PMC11359516 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress represses the growth and development of plants that mainly depend on the continual propagation and differentiation of stem cells. WUSCHEL (WUS)/WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) family proteins determine stem cell fate in plants under ever-changing environments. It is not yet known how plant stem cell homeostasis is regulated under salt stress. Methionine synthase catalyzes the formation of methionine by methylating homocysteine in the one-carbon metabolism pathway. In this work, we investigated the role of Arabidopsis METHIONINE SYNTHASE 2 (AtMS2) in stem cell homeostasis under salt stress. The results showed that AtMS2 represses the stem cell maintenance of Arabidopsis in response to salt stress. Under normal growth conditions, AtMS2 is mainly localized in the cytoplasm. However, under salt stress, it exhibits significant accumulation in the nucleus. AtMS2 interacts with the WUS/WOX protein, and, together, they repress WUS/WOX expression by binding to its promoter. The mutation in AtMS2 resulted in enhanced salt tolerance. Therefore, AtMS2 might act as a key negative regulator to repress the stem cell maintenance and growth of Arabidopsis under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Xiamen Key Laboratory for Plant Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; (J.Q.); (M.C.)
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Wybouw B, Zhang X, Mähönen AP. Vascular cambium stem cells: past, present and future. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:851-865. [PMID: 38890801 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Secondary xylem and phloem originate from a lateral meristem called the vascular cambium that consists of one to several layers of meristematic cells. Recent lineage tracing studies have shown that only one of the cambial cells in each radial cell file functions as the stem cell, capable of producing both secondary xylem and phloem. Here, we first review how phytohormones and signalling peptides regulate vascular cambium formation and activity. We then propose how the stem cell concept, familiar from apical meristems, could be applied to cambium studies. Finally, we discuss how this concept could set the basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brecht Wybouw
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Ari Pekka Mähönen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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6
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Lou X, Wang J, Wang G, He D, Shang W, Song Y, Wang Z, He S. Genome-Wide Analysis of the WOX Family and Its Expression Pattern in Root Development of Paeonia ostii. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7668. [PMID: 39062910 PMCID: PMC11277081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) is a woody plant with high ornamental, medicinal, and oil values. However, its low rooting rate and poor rooting quality are bottleneck issues in the micropropagation of P. ostii. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) family plays a crucial role in root development. In this study, based on the screening of the genome and root transcriptome database, we identified ten WOX members in P. ostii. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the ten PoWOX proteins clustered into three major clades, the WUS, intermediate, and ancient clade, respectively. The conserved motifs and tertiary structures of PoWOX proteins located in the same clade exhibited higher similarity. The analysis of cis-regulatory elements in the promoter indicated that PoWOX genes are involved in plant growth and development, phytohormones, and stress responses. The expression analysis revealed that PoWOX genes are expressed in distinct tissues. PoWOX4, PoWOX5, PoWOX11, and PoWOX13b are preferentially expressed in roots at the early stage of root primordium formation, suggesting their role in the initiation and development of roots. These results will provide a comprehensive reference for the evolution and potential function of the WOX family and offer guidance for further study on the root development of tree peony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Lou
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Jiange Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Guiqing Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Dan He
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Wenqian Shang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yinglong Song
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Songlin He
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
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Basso MF, Girardin G, Vergata C, Buti M, Martinelli F. Genome-wide transcript expression analysis reveals major chickpea and lentil genes associated with plant branching. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1384237. [PMID: 38962245 PMCID: PMC11220206 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1384237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The search for elite cultivars with better architecture has been a demand by farmers of the chickpea and lentil crops, which aims to systematize their mechanized planting and harvesting on a large scale. Therefore, the identification of genes associated with the regulation of the branching and architecture of these plants has currently gained great importance. Herein, this work aimed to gain insight into transcriptomic changes of two contrasting chickpea and lentil cultivars in terms of branching pattern (little versus highly branched cultivars). In addition, we aimed to identify candidate genes involved in the regulation of shoot branching that could be used as future targets for molecular breeding. The axillary and apical buds of chickpea cultivars Blanco lechoso and FLIP07-318C, and lentil cultivars Castellana and Campisi, considered as little and highly branched, respectively, were harvested. A total of 1,624 and 2,512 transcripts were identified as differentially expressed among different tissues and contrasting cultivars of chickpea and lentil, respectively. Several gene categories were significantly modulated such as cell cycle, DNA transcription, energy metabolism, hormonal biosynthesis and signaling, proteolysis, and vegetative development between apical and axillary tissues and contrasting cultivars of chickpea and lentil. Based on differential expression and branching-associated biological function, ten chickpea genes and seven lentil genes were considered the main players involved in differentially regulating the plant branching between contrasting cultivars. These collective data putatively revealed the general mechanism and high-effect genes associated with the regulation of branching in chickpea and lentil, which are potential targets for manipulation through genome editing and transgenesis aiming to improve plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiara Vergata
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Buti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Li R, Du K, Zhang C, Shen X, Yun L, Wang S, Li Z, Sun Z, Wei J, Li Y, Guo B, Sun C. Single-cell transcriptome profiling reveals the spatiotemporal distribution of triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis and transposable element activity in Gynostemma pentaphyllum shoot apexes and leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1394587. [PMID: 38779067 PMCID: PMC11109411 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1394587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino is an important producer of dammarene-type triterpenoid saponins. These saponins (gypenosides) exhibit diverse pharmacological benefits such as anticancer, antidiabetic, and immunomodulatory effects, and have major potential in the pharmaceutical and health care industries. Here, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile the transcriptomes of more than 50,000 cells derived from G. pentaphyllum shoot apexes and leaves. Following cell clustering and annotation, we identified five major cell types in shoot apexes and four in leaves. Each cell type displayed substantial transcriptomic heterogeneity both within and between tissues. Examining gene expression patterns across various cell types revealed that gypenoside biosynthesis predominantly occurred in mesophyll cells, with heightened activity observed in shoot apexes compared to leaves. Furthermore, we explored the impact of transposable elements (TEs) on G. pentaphyllum transcriptomic landscapes. Our findings the highlighted the unbalanced expression of certain TE families across different cell types in shoot apexes and leaves, marking the first investigation of TE expression at the single-cell level in plants. Additionally, we observed dynamic expression of genes involved in gypenoside biosynthesis and specific TE families during epidermal and vascular cell development. The involvement of TE expression in regulating cell differentiation and gypenoside biosynthesis warrant further exploration. Overall, this study not only provides new insights into the spatiotemporal organization of gypenoside biosynthesis and TE activity in G. pentaphyllum shoot apexes and leaves but also offers valuable cellular and genetic resources for a deeper understanding of developmental and physiological processes at single-cell resolution in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Du
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chuyi Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Yun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiying Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, Yang L, Geng W, Cheng R, Zhang H, Zhou H. Genome-wide prediction and functional analysis of WOX genes in blueberry. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:434. [PMID: 38693497 PMCID: PMC11064388 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WOX genes are a class of plant-specific transcription factors. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) family is a member of the homeobox transcription factor superfamily. Previous studies have shown that WOX members play important roles in plant growth and development. However, studies of the WOX gene family in blueberry plants have not been reported. RESULTS In order to understand the biological function of the WOX gene family in blueberries, bioinformatics were used methods to identify WOX gene family members in the blueberry genome, and analyzed the basic physical and chemical properties, gene structure, gene motifs, promoter cis-acting elements, chromosome location, evolutionary relationships, expression pattern of these family members and predicted their functions. Finally, 12 genes containing the WOX domain were identified and found to be distributed on eight chromosomes. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the blueberry WOX gene family had three major branches: ancient branch, middle branch, and WUS branch. Blueberry WOX gene family protein sequences differ in amino acid number, molecular weight, isoelectric point and hydrophobicity. Predictive analysis of promoter cis-acting elements showed that the promoters of the VdWOX genes contained abundant light response, hormone, and stress response elements. The VdWOX genes were induced to express in both stems and leaves in response to salt and drought stress. CONCLUSIONS Our results provided comprehensive characteristics of the WOX gene family and important clues for further exploration of its role in the growth, development and resistance to various stress in blueberry plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Wang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Yang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
- Bestplant (Shandong) Stem Cell Engineering Co., Ltd, 300 Changjiang Road, Yantai, 264001, Shandong, China.
| | - Wenzhu Geng
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
- Bestplant (Shandong) Stem Cell Engineering Co., Ltd, 300 Changjiang Road, Yantai, 264001, Shandong, China.
| | - Houjun Zhou
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, Shandong, China.
- Bestplant (Shandong) Stem Cell Engineering Co., Ltd, 300 Changjiang Road, Yantai, 264001, Shandong, China.
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10
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Lv J, Feng Y, Zhai L, Jiang L, Wu Y, Huang Y, Yu R, Wu T, Zhang X, Wang Y, Han Z. MdARF3 switches the lateral root elongation to regulate dwarfing in apple plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae051. [PMID: 38706578 PMCID: PMC11069427 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Apple rootstock dwarfing and dense planting are common practices in apple farming. However, the dwarfing mechanisms are not understood. In our study, the expression of MdARF3 in the root system of dwarfing rootstock 'M9' was lower than in the vigorous rootstock from Malus micromalus due to the deletion of the WUSATAg element in the promoter of the 'M9' genotype. Notably, this deletion variation was significantly associated with dwarfing rootstocks. Subsequently, transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cv. Xanthi was generated with the ARF3 promoter from 'M9' and M. micromalus genotypes. The transgenic apple with 35S::MdARF3 was also obtained. The transgenic tobacco and apple with the highly expressed ARF3 had a longer root system and a higher plant height phenotype. Furthermore, the yeast one-hybrid, luciferase, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and Chip-qPCR identified MdWOX4-1 in apples that interacted with the pMm-ARF3 promoter but not the pM9-ARF3 promoter. Notably, MdWOX4-1 significantly increased the transcriptional activity of MdARF3 and MdLBD16-2. However, MdARF3 significantly decreased the transcriptional activity of MdLBD16-2. Further analysis revealed that MdARF3 and MdLBD16-2 were temporally expressed during different stages of lateral root development. pMdLBD16-2 was mainly expressed during the early stage of lateral root development, which promoted lateral root production. On the contrary, pMmARF3 was expressed during the late stage of lateral root development to promote elongation. The findings in our study will shed light on the genetic causes of apple plant dwarfism and provide strategies for molecular breeding of dwarfing apple rootstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Lv
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Longmei Zhai
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lizhong Jiang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yimei Huang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Runqi Yu
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenhai Han
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
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11
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Moriyama Y, Koga H, Tsukaya H. Decoding the leaf apical meristem of Guarea glabra Vahl (Meliaceae): insight into the evolution of indeterminate pinnate leaves. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5166. [PMID: 38431750 PMCID: PMC10908829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In seed plants, growth of shoots and roots is indeterminate, while leaves are typically determinate organs that cease to grow after a certain developmental stage. This is due to the characteristics of the leaf meristem, where cell proliferation activity is retained only for a limited period. However, several plants exhibit indeterminacy in their leaves, exemplified by the pinnate compound leaves of Guarea and Chisocheton genera in the Meliaceae family. In these plants, the leaf meristem at the tip of the leaf retains meristematic activity and produces leaflets over years, resulting in a single leaf that resembles a twig. The molecular mechanism underlying the indeterminate leaf meristem of these plants has not been examined. In this research, we used Guarea glabra as a model to investigate the development of indeterminate pinnate leaves. Transcriptome analyses revealed that the gene expression profile in leaf apex tissue differed from that in the shoot apex. However, a class 1 KNOTTED-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX1) gene which is lost in Brassicaceae was highly expressed in both tissues. We established an in situ hybridisation system for this species using Technovit 9100 to analyse the spatial expression patterns of genes. We revealed that the leaf meristematic region of G. glabra expresses KNOX1, LEAFY and ANGUSTIFORIA3 simultaneously, suggesting the involvement of these genes in the indeterminacy of the leaf meristem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutake Moriyama
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koga
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukaya
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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Zheng R, Peng Y, Chen J, Zhu X, Xie K, Ahmad S, Zhao K, Peng D, Liu ZJ, Zhou Y. The Genome-Level Survey of the WOX Gene Family in Melastoma dodecandrum Lour. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17349. [PMID: 38139178 PMCID: PMC10743900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Though conserved in higher plants, the WOX transcription factors play crucial roles in plant growth and development of Melastoma dodecandrum Lour., which shows pioneer position in land ecosystem formation and produces nutritional fruits. Identifying the WOX family genes in M. dodecandrum is imperative for elucidating its growth and development mechanisms. However, the WOX genes in M. dodecandrum have not yet been characterized. In this study, by identification 22 WOX genes in M. dodecandrum based on current genome data, we classified family genes into three clades and nine types with homeodomains. We highlighted gene duplications of MedWOX4, which offered evidences of whole-genome duplication events. Promoter analysis illustrated that cis-regulatory elements related to light and stress responses and plant growth were enriched. Expression pattern and RT-qPCR results demonstrated that the majority of WOX genes exhibited expression in the stem. MedWOX13s displayed highest expression across various tissues. MedWOX4s displayed a specific expression in the stem. Collectively, our study provided foundations for elucidating WOX gene functions and further molecular design breeding in M. dodecandrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyue Zheng
- Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation & Engineering Application Research Center, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (K.X.); (S.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Yukun Peng
- Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation & Engineering Application Research Center, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (K.X.); (S.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Jiemin Chen
- Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation & Engineering Application Research Center, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (K.X.); (S.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Xuanyi Zhu
- Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation & Engineering Application Research Center, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (K.X.); (S.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Kai Xie
- Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation & Engineering Application Research Center, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (K.X.); (S.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Sagheer Ahmad
- Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation & Engineering Application Research Center, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (K.X.); (S.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Kai Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China;
| | - Donghui Peng
- Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation & Engineering Application Research Center, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (K.X.); (S.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation & Engineering Application Research Center, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (K.X.); (S.A.); (D.P.)
| | - Yuzhen Zhou
- Ornamental Plant Germplasm Resources Innovation & Engineering Application Research Center, Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization, College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (R.Z.); (Y.P.); (J.C.); (X.Z.); (K.X.); (S.A.); (D.P.)
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13
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Quan L, Shiting L, Chen Z, Yuyan H, Minrong Z, Shuyan L, Libao C. NnWOX1-1, NnWOX4-3, and NnWOX5-1 of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)promote root formation and enhance stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:719. [PMID: 38017402 PMCID: PMC10683310 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09772-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adventitious roots (ARs) represent an important organ system for water and nutrient uptake in lotus plants because of degeneration of the principal root. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene regulates plant development and growth by affecting the expression of several other genes. In this study, three WOX genes, NnWOX1-1, NnWOX4-3, and NnWOX5-1, were isolated and their functions were assessed in Arabidopsis plants. RESULTS The full lengths of NnWOX1-1, NnWOX4-3, and NnWOX5-1 were 1038, 645, and 558 bp, encoding 362, 214, and 185 amino acid residues, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis classified NnWOX1-1 and NnWOX4-3 encoding proteins into one group, and NnWOX5-1 and MnWOX5 encoding proteins exhibited strong genetic relationships. The three genes were induced by sucrose and indoleacetic acid (IAA) and exhibited organ-specific expression characteristics. In addition to improving root growth and salt tolerance, NnWOX1-1 and NnWOX4-3 promoted stem development in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. A total of 751, 594, and 541 genes, including 19, 19, and 13 respective genes related to ethylene and IAA metabolism and responses, were enhanced in NnWOX1-1, NnWOX4-3, and NnWOX5-1 transgenic plants, respectively. Further analysis showed that ethylene production rates in transgenic plants increased, whereas IAA, peroxidase, and lignin content did not significantly change. Exogenous application of ethephon on lotus seedlings promoted AR formation and dramatically increased the fresh and dry weights of the plants. CONCLUSIONS NnWOX1-1, NnWOX4-3, and NnWOX5-1 influence root formation, stem development, and stress adaptation in transgenic Arabidopsis plants by affecting the transcription of multiple genes. Among these, changes in gene expression involving ethylene metabolism and responses likely critically affect the development of Arabidopsis plants. In addition, ethylene may represent an important factor affecting AR formation in lotus seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Quan
- College of Horticulture and landscape Architechture, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Shiting
- College of Horticulture and landscape Architechture, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Chen
- College of Horticulture and landscape Architechture, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Yuyan
- College of Horticulture and landscape Architechture, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Minrong
- College of Horticulture and landscape Architechture, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shuyan
- College of Guangling, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Libao
- College of Horticulture and landscape Architechture, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Kuznetsova K, Efremova E, Dodueva I, Lebedeva M, Lutova L. Functional Modules in the Meristems: "Tinkering" in Action. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3661. [PMID: 37896124 PMCID: PMC10610496 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A feature of higher plants is the modular principle of body organisation. One of these conservative morphological modules that regulate plant growth, histogenesis and organogenesis is meristems-structures that contain pools of stem cells and are generally organised according to a common principle. Basic content: The development of meristems is under the regulation of molecular modules that contain conservative interacting components and modulate the expression of target genes depending on the developmental context. In this review, we focus on two molecular modules that act in different types of meristems. The WOX-CLAVATA module, which includes the peptide ligand, its receptor and the target transcription factor, is responsible for the formation and control of the activity of all meristem types studied, but it has its own peculiarities in different meristems. Another regulatory module is the so-called florigen-activated complex, which is responsible for the phase transition in the shoot vegetative meristem (e.g., from the vegetative shoot apical meristem to the inflorescence meristem). CONCLUSIONS The review considers the composition and functions of these two functional modules in different developmental programmes, as well as their appearance, evolution and use in plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irina Dodueva
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (K.K.); (E.E.); (M.L.); (L.L.)
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15
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Liu G, Wu Z, Luo J, Wang C, Shang X, Zhang G. Genes expression profiles in vascular cambium of Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis at different ages. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:500. [PMID: 37848837 PMCID: PMC10583469 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wood is a secondary xylem generated by vascular cambium. Vascular cambium activities mainly include cambium proliferation and vascular tissue formation through secondary growth, thereby producing new secondary phloem inward and secondary xylem outward and leading to continuous tree thickening and wood formation. Wood formation is a complex biological process, which is strictly regulated by multiple genes. Therefore, molecular level research on the vascular cambium of different tree ages can lead to the identification of both key and related genes involved in wood formation and further explain the molecular regulation mechanism of wood formation. RESULTS In the present study, RNA-Seq and Pac-Bio Iso-Seq were used for profiling gene expression changes in Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis (E. urograndis) vascular cambium at four different ages. A total of 59,770 non-redundant transcripts and 1892 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The expression trends of the DEGs related to cell division and differentiation, cell wall biosynthesis, phytohormone, and transcription factors were analyzed. The DEGs encoding expansin, kinesin, cycline, PAL, GRP9, KNOX, C2C2-dof, REV, etc., were highly expressed in E. urograndis at three years old, leading to positive effects on growth and development. Moreover, some gene family members, such as NAC, MYB, HD-ZIP III, RPK, and RAP, play different regulatory roles in wood formation because of their sophisticated transcriptional network and function redundantly. CONCLUSIONS These candidate genes are a potential resource to further study wood formation, especially in fast-growing and adaptable eucalyptus. The results may also serve as a basis for further research to unravel the molecular mechanism underlying wood formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jianzhong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chubiao Wang
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiuhua Shang
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guowu Zhang
- Research Institute of Fast-Growing Trees, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhanjiang, China.
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16
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Zhang LY, Yang C, Wu ZC, Zhang XJ, Fan SJ. Comprehensive Time-Course Transcriptome Reveals the Crucial Biological Pathways Involved in the Seasonal Branch Growth in Siberian Elm ( Ulmus pumila). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14976. [PMID: 37834427 PMCID: PMC10573607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Timber, the most prevalent organic material on this planet, is the result of a secondary xylem emerging from vascular cambium. Yet, the intricate processes governing its seasonal generation are largely a mystery. To better understand the cyclic growth of vascular tissues in elm, we undertook an extensive study examining the anatomy, physiology, and genetic expressions in Ulmus pumila. We chose three robust 15-year-old elm trees for our study. The cultivars used in this study were collected from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in China and nurtured in the tree farm of Shandong Normal University. Monthly samples of 2-year-old elm branches were taken from the tree from February to September. Marked seasonal shifts in elm branch vascular tissues were observed by phenotypic observation: In February, the cambium of the branch emerged from dormancy, spurring growth. By May, elms began generating secondary xylem, or latewood, recognized by its tiny pores and dense cell structure. From June to August, there was a marked increase in the thickness of the secondary xylem. Transcriptome sequencing provides a potential molecular mechanism for the thickening of elm branches and their response to stress. In February, the tree enhanced its genetic responses to cold and drought stress. The amplified expression of CDKB, CYCB, WOX4, and ARF5 in the months of February and March reinforced their essential role in the development of the vascular cambium in elm. Starting in May, the elm deployed carbohydrates as a carbon resource to synthesize the abundant cellulose and lignin necessary for the formation of the secondary wall. Major genes participating in cellulose (SUC and CESA homologs), xylan (UGD, UXS, IRX9, IRX10, and IRX14), and lignin (PAL, C4H, 4CL, HCT, C3H, COMT, and CAD) biosynthetic pathways for secondary wall formation were up-regulated by May or/and June. In conclusion, our findings provided a foundation for an in-depth exploration of the molecular processes dictating the seasonal growth of elm timber.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xue-Jie Zhang
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 Wenhuadong Road, Ji’nan 250014, China; (L.-Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (Z.-C.W.)
| | - Shou-Jin Fan
- Key Lab of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, No. 88 Wenhuadong Road, Ji’nan 250014, China; (L.-Y.Z.); (C.Y.); (Z.-C.W.)
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Wang X, Mäkilä R, Mähönen AP. From procambium patterning to cambium activation and maintenance in the Arabidopsis root. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 75:102404. [PMID: 37352651 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
In addition to primary growth, which elongates the plant body, many plant species also undergo secondary growth to thicken their body. During primary vascular development, a subset of the vascular cells, called procambium and pericycle, remain undifferentiated to later gain vascular cambium and cork cambium identity, respectively. These two cambia are the lateral meristems providing secondary growth. The vascular cambium produces secondary xylem and phloem, which give plants mechanical support and transport capacity. Cork cambium produces a protective layer called cork. In this review, we focus on recent advances in understanding the formation of procambium and its gradual maturation to active cambium in the Arabidopsis thaliana root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Mäkilä
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Pekka Mähönen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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18
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Straube J, Suvarna S, Chen YH, Khanal BP, Knoche M, Debener T. Time course of changes in the transcriptome during russet induction in apple fruit. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:457. [PMID: 37775771 PMCID: PMC10542230 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04483-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Russeting is a major problem in many fruit crops. Russeting is caused by environmental factors such as wounding or moisture exposure of the fruit surface. Despite extensive research, the molecular sequence that triggers russet initiation remains unclear. Here, we present high-resolution transcriptomic data by controlled russet induction at very early stages of fruit development. During Phase I, a patch of the fruit surface is exposed to surface moisture. For Phase II, moisture exposure is terminated, and the formerly exposed surface remains dry. We targeted differentially expressed transcripts as soon as 24 h after russet induction. RESULTS During moisture exposure (Phase I) of 'Pinova' apple, transcripts associated with the cell cycle, cell wall, and cuticle synthesis (SHN3) decrease, while those related to abiotic stress increase. NAC35 and MYB17 were the earliest induced genes during Phase I. They are therefore linked to the initial processes of cuticle microcracking. After moisture removal (Phase II), the expression of genes related to meristematic activity increased (WOX4 within 24 h, MYB84 within 48 h). Genes related to lignin synthesis (MYB52) and suberin synthesis (MYB93, WRKY56) were upregulated within 3 d after moisture removal. WOX4 and AP2B3 are the earliest differentially expressed genes induced in Phase II. They are therefore linked to early events in periderm formation. The expression profiles were consistent between two different seasons and mirrored differences in russet susceptibility in a comparison of cultivars. Furthermore, expression profiles during Phase II of moisture induction were largely identical to those following wounding. CONCLUSIONS The combination of a unique controlled russet induction technique with high-resolution transcriptomic data allowed for the very first time to analyse the formation of cuticular microcracks and periderm in apple fruit immediately after the onset of triggering factors. This data provides valuable insights into the spatial-temporal dynamics of russeting, including the synthesis of cuticles, dedifferentiation of cells, and impregnation of cell walls with suberin and lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Straube
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Molecular Plant Breeding Section, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Fruit Science Section, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shreya Suvarna
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Molecular Plant Breeding Section, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yun-Hao Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Fruit Science Section, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bishnu P Khanal
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Fruit Science Section, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Moritz Knoche
- Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Fruit Science Section, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Debener
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Molecular Plant Breeding Section, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
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Wang Y, Guo X, Cai X, Xu Y, Sun R, Umer MJ, Wang K, Qin T, Hou Y, Wang Y, Zhang P, Wang Z, Liu F, Wang Q, Zhou Z. Genome-Wide Association Study of Lint Percentage in Gossypium hirsutum L. Races. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10404. [PMID: 37373552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lint percentage is one of the most essential yield components and an important economic index for cotton planting. Improving lint percentage is an effective way to achieve high-yield in cotton breeding worldwide, especially upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). However, the genetic basis controlling lint percentage has not yet been systematically understood. Here, we performed a genome-wide association mapping for lint percentage using a natural population consisting of 189 G. hirsutum accessions (188 accessions of G. hirsutum races and one cultivar TM-1). The results showed that 274 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with lint percentage were detected, and they were distributed on 24 chromosomes. Forty-five SNPs were detected at least by two models or at least in two environments, and their 5 Mb up- and downstream regions included 584 makers related to lint percentage identified in previous studies. In total, 11 out of 45 SNPs were detected at least in two environments, and their 550 Kb up- and downstream region contained 335 genes. Through RNA sequencing, gene annotation, qRT-PCR, protein-protein interaction analysis, the cis-elements of the promotor region, and related miRNA prediction, Gh_D12G0934 and Gh_A08G0526 were selected as key candidate genes for fiber initiation and elongation, respectively. These excavated SNPs and candidate genes could supplement marker and gene information for deciphering the genetic basis of lint percentage and facilitate high-yield breeding programs of G. hirsutum ultimately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xinlei Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiaoyan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, National Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Runrun Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Muhammad Jawad Umer
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Kunbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Tengfei Qin
- Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuqing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Fang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, National Nanfan Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Sanya 572025, China
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qinglian Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding of Henan Province, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhongli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
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Xie Z, Gui J, Zhong Y, Li B, Sun J, Shen J, Li L. Screening genome-editing knockouts reveals the receptor-like kinase ASX role in regulations of secondary xylem development in Populus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1972-1985. [PMID: 36922397 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In trees, secondary xylem development is essential for the growth of perennial stem increments. Many signals regulate the process of development, but our knowledge of the molecular components involved in signal transduction is still limited. In this study, we identified Attenuation of Secondary Xylem (ASX) knockouts by screening genome-editing knockouts of xylem-expressed receptor-like kinases (RLKs) in Populus. The ASX role in secondary xylem development in Populus was discovered using biochemical, cellular, and genomic analyses. The ASX knockout plants had abnormal secondary stem growth but had little effect on shoot apical primary growth. ASX and SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR KINASE (SERK)2/4 were co-precipitated in developing xylem. Through their interaction, ASX is phosphorylated by SERK. Transcriptome analysis of developing xylem revealed that ASX deficiency inhibited the transcriptional activity of genes involved in xylem differentiation and secondary cell wall formation. By forming a complex, ASX and SERK may function as a signaling module for signal transduction required in the regulation of secondary xylem development in trees. This study shows that ASX, which encodes a RLKs, is required for secondary xylem development and sheds light on regulatory signals found in tree stem secondary growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinshan Gui
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiayan Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junhui Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Li Y, Sun W, Yao Y, Zhang L, Xu S, Zhang Q, Huang T. FRUCTOSE INSENSITIVE1 regulates stem cell function in Arabidopsis in response to fructose signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3060-3073. [PMID: 36806617 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell function in different meristems of Arabidopsis is mainly defined by WUSCHEL (WUS)/WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) family of proteins. Sugars have also been demonstrated to play pivotal roles in stem cell function and development of plants. As a cytosolic fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, FRUCTOSE INSENSITIVE1 (FINS1) has been demonstrated to regulate plant growth in response to fructose signalling. However, it remains to be elucidated how stem cell function is regulated in response to fructose signalling. Our work showed that FINS1 interacts with WUS/WOX protein as a complex, which further binds to the promoter of WUS/WOX and regulates its expression in response to fructose signalling. FINS1 might act as a bifunctional factor that promotes WUS/WOX expression in the presence of low concentrations of fructose, and represses WUS/WOX expression in the presence of high concentrations of fructose. Therefore, FINS1 regulates stem cell function in response to fructose signalling during the growth and development of Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Wenpei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yuhan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Shuwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Tao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian 361102, China
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22
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Tian Z, Wang X, Dun X, Tian Z, Zhang X, Li J, Ren L, Tu J, Wang H. Integrating biochemical and anatomical characterizations with transcriptome analysis to dissect superior stem strength of ZS11 ( Brassica napus). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1144892. [PMID: 37229131 PMCID: PMC10203542 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1144892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stem lodging resistance is a serious problem impairing crop yield and quality. ZS11 is an adaptable and stable yielding rapeseed variety with excellent resistance to lodging. However, the mechanism regulating lodging resistance in ZS11 remains unclear. Here, we observed that high stem mechanical strength is the main factor determining the superior lodging resistance of ZS11 through a comparative biology study. Compared with 4D122, ZS11 has higher rind penetrometer resistance (RPR) and stem breaking strength (SBS) at flowering and silique stages. Anatomical analysis shows that ZS11 exhibits thicker xylem layers and denser interfascicular fibrocytes. Analysis of cell wall components suggests that ZS11 possessed more lignin and cellulose during stem secondary development. By comparative transcriptome analysis, we reveal a relatively higher expression of genes required for S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthesis, and several key genes (4-COUMATATE-CoA LIGASE, CINNAMOYL-CoA REDUCTASE, CAFFEATE O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, PEROXIDASE) involved in lignin synthesis pathway in ZS11, which support an enhanced lignin biosynthesis ability in the ZS11 stem. Moreover, the difference in cellulose may relate to the significant enrichment of DEGs associated with microtubule-related process and cytoskeleton organization at the flowering stage. Protein interaction network analysis indicate that the preferential expression of several genes, such as LONESOME HIGHWAY (LHW), DNA BINDING WITH ONE FINGERS (DOFs), WUSCHEL HOMEOBOX RELATED 4 (WOX4), are related to vascular development and contribute to denser and thicker lignified cell layers in ZS11. Taken together, our results provide insights into the physiological and molecular regulatory basis for the formation of stem lodging resistance in ZS11, which will greatly promote the application of this superior trait in rapeseed breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengshu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Industrial Crops Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xinfa Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoling Dun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Ze Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfeng Li
- Industrial Crops Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lijun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hanzhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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23
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Huang Y, Kamal R, Shanmugaraj N, Rutten T, Thirulogachandar V, Zhao S, Hoffie I, Hensel G, Rajaraman J, Moya YAT, Hajirezaei MR, Himmelbach A, Poursarebani N, Lundqvist U, Kumlehn J, Stein N, von Wirén N, Mascher M, Melzer M, Schnurbusch T. A molecular framework for grain number determination in barley. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd0324. [PMID: 36867700 PMCID: PMC9984178 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flowering plants with indeterminate inflorescences often produce more floral structures than they require. We found that floral primordia initiations in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are molecularly decoupled from their maturation into grains. While initiation is dominated by flowering-time genes, floral growth is specified by light signaling, chloroplast, and vascular developmental programs orchestrated by barley CCT MOTIF FAMILY 4 (HvCMF4), which is expressed in the inflorescence vasculature. Consequently, mutations in HvCMF4 increase primordia death and pollination failure, mainly through reducing rachis greening and limiting plastidial energy supply to developing heterotrophic floral tissues. We propose that HvCMF4 is a sensory factor for light that acts in connection with the vascular-localized circadian clock to coordinate floral initiation and survival. Notably, stacking beneficial alleles for both primordia number and survival provides positive implications on grain production. Our findings provide insights into the molecular underpinnings of grain number determination in cereal crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyu Huang
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Roop Kamal
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Nandhakumar Shanmugaraj
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Twan Rutten
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Venkatasubbu Thirulogachandar
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Iris Hoffie
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Goetz Hensel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Jeyaraman Rajaraman
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Yudelsy Antonia Tandron Moya
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Axel Himmelbach
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Naser Poursarebani
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | | | - Jochen Kumlehn
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schnurbusch
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466 Seeland, Germany
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences III, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Lv J, Feng Y, Jiang L, Zhang G, Wu T, Zhang X, Xu X, Wang Y, Han Z. Genome-wide identification of WOX family members in nine Rosaceae species and a functional analysis of MdWOX13-1 in drought resistance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 328:111564. [PMID: 36549571 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) transcription factors (TFs) are important in plant development processes and evolutionary novelties. In this study, a genome-wide comprehensive analysis of WOX genes from nine Rosaceae species was carried out, and their potential roles in Malus were subsequently investigated. 125 WOXs in 9 Rosaceae species were identified and classified into three clades, i.e., the ancient, intermediate, and WUS clades. Prunus. domestica contained the most intra-genomic collinearity among the nine Rosaceae species. Additionally, the cis-elements in WOX gene family members were compared and classified into three categories, including phytohormone-responsive, plant growth and development, and abiotic and biotic stresses. Overexpression (OE) of MdWOX13-1 also increased the callus weight and enhanced ROS scavenging against drought stress. Furthermore, via yeast-one hybrid assay and LUC analyses, MdWOX13-1 could directly bind to the MdMnSOD promoter. Therefore, our results will facilitate further study of the WOX genes' function in the Rosaceae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Lv
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yi Feng
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lizhong Jiang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Guibin Zhang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Ting Wu
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xinzhong Zhang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Xu
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Zhenhai Han
- Institute for Horticultural Plants, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Nutrition and Physiology), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193, PR China
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25
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Large-Scale Quantitative Proteomic Analysis during Different Stages of Somatic Embryogenesis in Larix olgensis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:2021-2034. [PMID: 36975500 PMCID: PMC10047913 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Larix olgensis is an economically important tree species native to northeastern China. The use of somatic embryogenesis (SE) is efficient and enables the rapid production of varieties with desirable qualities. Here, isobaric labeling via tandem mass tags was used to conduct a large-scale quantitative proteomic analysis of proteins in three critically important stages of SE in L. olgensis: the primary embryogenic callus, the single embryo, and the cotyledon embryo. We identified 6269 proteins, including 176 shared differentially expressed proteins across the three groups. Many of these proteins are involved in glycolipid metabolism, hormone response/signal transduction, cell synthesis and differentiation, and water transport; proteins involved in stress resistance and secondary metabolism, as well as transcription factors, play key regulatory roles in SE. The results of this study provide new insights into the key pathways and proteins involved in SE in Larix. Our findings have implications for the expression of totipotency, the preparation of synthetic seeds, and genetic transformation.
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26
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Helariutta Y, Kucukoglu Topcu M. Epigenetics rules cambial growth. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:7-8. [PMID: 36624256 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ykä Helariutta
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Melis Kucukoglu Topcu
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Abstract
Peptide signaling is an emerging paradigm in molecular plant-microbe interactions with vast implications for our understanding of plant-nematode interactions and beyond. Plant-like peptide hormones, first discovered in cyst nematodes, are now recognized as an important class of peptide effectors mediating several different types of pathogenic and symbiotic interactions. Here, we summarize what has been learned about nematode-secreted CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED (CLE) peptide effectors since the last comprehensive review on this topic a decade ago. We also highlight new discoveries of a diverse array of peptide effectors that go beyond the CLE peptide effector family in not only phytonematodes but in organisms beyond the phylum Nematoda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa G Mitchum
- Department of Plant Pathology and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; ,
| | - Xunliang Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology and Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; ,
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28
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Expression Profiling and MicroRNA Regulatory Networks of Homeobox Family Genes in Sugarcane Saccharum spontaneum L. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158724. [PMID: 35955858 PMCID: PMC9369071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeobox (HB) genes play important roles in plant growth and development processes, particularly in the formation of lateral organs. Thus, they could influence leaf morphogenesis and biomass formation in plants. However, little is known about HBs in sugarcane, a crucial sugar crop, due to its complex genetic background. Here, 302 allelic sequences for 104 HBs were identified and divided into 13 subfamilies in sugarcane Saccharum spontaneum. Comparative genomics revealed that whole-genome duplication (WGD)/segmental duplication significantly promoted the expansion of the HB family in S. spontaneum, with SsHB26, SsHB63, SsHB64, SsHB65, SsHB67, SsHB95, and SsHB96 being retained from the evolutionary event before the divergence of dicots and monocots. Based on the analysis of transcriptome and degradome data, we speculated that SsHB15 and SsHB97 might play important roles in regulating sugarcane leaf morphogenesis, with miR166 and SsAGO10 being involved in the regulation of SsHB15 expression. Moreover, subcellular localization and transcriptional activity detection assays demonstrated that these two genes, SsHB15 and SsHB97, were functional transcription factors. This study demonstrated the evolutionary relationship and potential functions of SsHB genes and will enable the further investigation of the functional characterization and the regulatory mechanisms of SsHBs.
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Hu J, Su H, Cao H, Wei H, Fu X, Jiang X, Song Q, He X, Xu C, Luo K. AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7 integrates gibberellin and auxin signaling via interactions between DELLA and AUX/IAA proteins to regulate cambial activity in poplar. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:2688-2707. [PMID: 35435234 PMCID: PMC9252472 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cambial development in the stems of perennial woody species is rigorously regulated by phytohormones. Auxin and gibberellin (GA) play crucial roles in stimulating cambial activity in poplar (Populus spp.). In this study, we show that the DELLA protein REPRESSOR of ga1-3 Like 1 (RGL1), AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 7 (ARF7), and Aux/INDOLE-3-ACETIC ACID 9 (IAA9) form a ternary complex that mediates crosstalk between the auxin and GA signaling pathways in poplar stems during cambial development. Biochemical analysis revealed that ARF7 physically interacts with RGL1 and IAA9 through distinct domains. The arf7 loss-of-function mutant showed markedly attenuated responses to auxin and GA, whereas transgenic poplar plants overexpressing ARF7 displayed strongly improved cambial activity. ARF7 directly binds to the promoter region of the cambial stem cell regulator WOX4 to modulate its expression, thus integrating auxin and GA signaling to regulate cambial activity. Furthermore, the direct activation of PIN-FORMED 1 expression by ARF7 in the RGL1-ARF7-IAA9 module increased GA-dependent cambial activity via polar auxin transport. Collectively, these findings reveal that the crosstalk between auxin and GA signaling mediated by the RGL1-ARF7-IAA9 module is crucial for the precise regulation of cambial development in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Huili Su
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongbin Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaokang Fu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qin Song
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xinhua He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | | | - Keming Luo
- Authors for correspondence: (K.L); (C.X.)
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30
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Leal AR, Sapeta H, Beeckman T, Barros PM, Oliveira MM. Spatiotemporal development of suberized barriers in cork oak taproots. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 42:1269-1285. [PMID: 34970982 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The longevity and high activity of the cork cambium (or phellogen) from Quercus suber L. (cork oak) are the cornerstones for the sustainable exploitation of a unique raw material. Cork oak is a symbolic model to study cork development and cell wall suberization, yet most genetic and molecular studies on these topics have targeted other model plants. In this study, we explored the potential of taproots as a model system to study phellem development and suberization in cork oak, thereby avoiding the time constraints imposed when studying whole plants. In roots, suberin deposition is found in mature endodermis cells during primary development and in phellem cells during secondary development. By investigating the spatiotemporal characteristics of both endodermis and phellem suberization in young seedling taproots, we demonstrated that secondary growth and phellogen activity are initiated very early in cork oak taproots (approx. 8 days after sowing). We further compared the transcriptomic profile of root segments undergoing primary (PD) and secondary development (SD) and identified multiple candidate genes with predicted roles in cell wall modifications, mainly lignification and suberization, in addition to several regulatory genes, particularly transcription factor- and hormone-related genes. Our results indicate that the molecular regulation of suberization and secondary development in cork oak roots is relatively conserved with other species. The provided morphological characterization creates new opportunities to allow a faster assessment of phellogen activity (as compared with studies using stem tissues) and to tackle fundamental questions regarding its regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Leal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), GPlantS Unit, Av. da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Helena Sapeta
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), GPlantS Unit, Av. da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, Ghent B-9052, Belgium
| | - Pedro M Barros
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), GPlantS Unit, Av. da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
| | - M Margarida Oliveira
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), GPlantS Unit, Av. da República, Oeiras 2780-157, Portugal
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31
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Youngstrom CE, Withers KA, Irish EE, Cheng CL. Vascular function of the T3/modern clade WUSCHEL-Related HOMEOBOX transcription factor genes predate apical meristem-maintenance function. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:210. [PMID: 35462532 PMCID: PMC9036803 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants have the lifelong ability to generate new organs due to the persistent functioning of stem cells. In seed plants, groups of stem cells are housed in the shoot apical meristem (SAM), root apical meristem (RAM), and vascular cambium (VC). In ferns, a single shoot stem cell, the apical cell, is located in the SAM, whereas each root initiates from a single shoot-derived root initial. WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) family transcription factors play important roles to maintain stem-cell identity. WOX genes are grouped phylogenetically into three clades. The T3WOX/modern clade has expanded greatly in angiosperms, with members functioning in multiple meristems and complex developmental programs. The model fern Ceratopteris richardii has only one well-supported T3WOX/modern WOX gene, CrWUL. Its orthologs in Arabidopsis, AtWUS, AtWOX5, and AtWOX4, function in the SAM, RAM, and VC, respectively. Identifying the function of CrWUL will provide insights on the progenitor function and the diversification of the modern WOX genes in seed plants. RESULTS To investigate the role of CrWUL in the fern, we examined the expression and function of CrWUL and found it expresses during early root development and in vasculature but not in the SAM. Knockdown of CrWUL by RNAi produced plants with fewer roots and fewer phloem cells. When expressed in Arabidopsis cambium, CrWUL was able to complement AtWOX4 function in an atwox4 mutant, suggesting that the WOX function in VC is conserved between ferns and angiosperms. Additionally, the proposed progenitor of T3WOX genes from Selaginella kraussiana is expressed in the vasculature but not in the shoot apical meristem. In contrast to the sporophyte, the expression of CrWUL in the gametophyte exhibits a more general expression pattern and when knocked down, offered little discernable phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here support the occurrence of co-option of the T3WOX/modern clade gene from the gametophyte to function in vasculature and root development in the sporophyte. The function in vasculature is likely to have existed in the progenitor of lycophyte T3WOX/modern clade genes and this function predates its SAM function found in many seed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelley A Withers
- Department of Biology, 129 E. Jefferson St. Iowa City, Iowa, 52242-1324, USA
| | - Erin E Irish
- Department of Biology, 129 E. Jefferson St. Iowa City, Iowa, 52242-1324, USA
| | - Chi-Lien Cheng
- Department of Biology, 129 E. Jefferson St. Iowa City, Iowa, 52242-1324, USA.
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Liu Z, Wang J, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Qin A, Yu X, Zhao Z, Wu R, Guo C, Bawa G, Rochaix J, Sun X. Identification of novel regulators required for early development of vein pattern in the cotyledons by single-cell RNA-sequencing. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:7-22. [PMID: 35218590 PMCID: PMC9310732 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The leaf veins of higher plants contain a highly specialized vascular system comprised of xylem and phloem cells that transport water, organic compounds and mineral nutrients. The development of the vascular system is controlled by phytohormones that interact with complex transcriptional regulatory networks. Before the emergence of true leaves, the cotyledons of young seedlings perform photosynthesis that provides energy for the sustainable growth and survival of seedlings. However, the mechanisms underlying the early development of leaf veins in cotyledons are still not fully understood, in part due to the complex cellular composition of this tissue. To better understand the development of leaf veins, we analyzed 14 117 single cells from 3-day-old cotyledons using single-cell RNA sequencing. Based on gene expression patterns, we identified 10 clusters of cells and traced their developmental trajectories. We discovered multiple new marker genes and developmental features of leaf veins. The transcription factor networks of some cell types indicated potential roles of CYCLING DOF FACTOR 5 (CDF5) and REPRESSOR OF GA (RGA) in the early development and function of the leaf veins in cotyledons. These new findings lay a foundation for understanding the early developmental dynamics of cotyledon veins. The mechanisms underlying the early development of leaf veins in cotyledons are still not fully understood. In this study, we comprehensively characterized the early differentiation and development of leaf veins in 3-day-old cotyledons based on single-cell transcriptome analysis. We identified the cell types and novel marker genes of leaf veins and characterized the novel regulators of leaf vein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
| | - Yaping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
| | - Aizhi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
| | - Xiaole Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
| | - Zihao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
| | - Chenxi Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
| | - George Bawa
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
| | - Jean‐David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant BiologyUniversity of GenevaGeneva1211Switzerland
| | - Xuwu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress BiologySchool of Life Sciences, Henan University85 Minglun StreetKaifeng475001China
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33
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A Preliminary Investigation on the Functional Validation and Interactions of PoWOX Genes in Peony (Paeonia ostii). HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
As a woody plant, peony (Paeonia suffruticosa) has a long growth cycle and inefficient traditional breeding techniques. There is an urgent need in peony molecular breeding to establish an efficient and stable in vitro regeneration and genetic transformation system, in order to overcome the recalcitrant characteristics of peony regeneration and shorten the breeding cycle. The development of plant somatic embryos is an important way to establish an efficient and stable in vitro regeneration and genetic transformation system. Plant-specific WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) family transcription factors play important roles in plant development, from embryogenesis to lateral organ development. Therefore, in this research, four PoWOX genes of “Fengdan” (Paeonia ostii) were cloned from the peony genome and transcriptome data of preliminary peony somatic embryos. The sequence characteristics and evolutionary relationships of the PoWOX genes were analyzed. It was demonstrated that the four PoWOX genes, named PoWOX1, PoWOX4, PoWOX11, and PoWOX13, belonged to three branches of the WOX gene family. Their expression patterns were analyzed at different stages of development and in different tissues of peony seedlings. The expression localization of the PoWOX genes was determined to be the nucleus via subcellular localization assay. Finally, the interaction protein of the PoWOX genes was identified via yeast two-hybrid assay combined with bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. It was shown that PoWOX1 and PoWOX13 proteins could form homodimers by themselves, and PoWOX11 interacted with PoWOX1 and PoWOX13 to form heterodimers. Peony stem cell activity may be regulated from PoWOX1 and PoWOX13 by forming dimers and moving to peony stem cells through plasmodesmata. Additionally, PoWOX11–PoWOX1 and PoWOX11–PoWOX13 may play important regulatory functions in promoting the proliferation of stem cells and maintaining the homeostasis of stem cells in the SAM of peony stems. Exploring the critical genes and regulatory factors in the development of the peony somatic embryo is beneficial not only to understand the molecular and regulatory mechanisms of peony somatic embryo development but also to achieve directed breeding and improvements in efficiency through genetic engineering breeding technology to accelerate the fundamental process of molecular breeding in peony.
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34
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Omary M, Gil-Yarom N, Yahav C, Steiner E, Hendelman A, Efroni I. A conserved superlocus regulates above- and belowground root initiation. Science 2022; 375:eabf4368. [PMID: 35239373 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf4368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Plants continuously form new organs in different developmental contexts in response to environmental cues. Underground lateral roots initiate from prepatterned cells in the main root, but cells can also bypass the root-shoot trajectory separation and generate shoot-borne roots through an unknown mechanism. We mapped tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) shoot-borne root development at single-cell resolution and showed that these roots initiate from phloem-associated cells through a unique transition state. This state requires the activity of a transcription factor that we named SHOOTBORNE ROOTLESS (SBRL). Evolutionary analysis reveals that SBRL's function and cis regulation are conserved in angiosperms and that it arose as an ancient duplication, with paralogs controlling wound-induced and lateral root initiation. We propose that the activation of a common transition state by context-specific regulators underlies the plasticity of plant root systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moutasem Omary
- The Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Naama Gil-Yarom
- The Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Chen Yahav
- The Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Evyatar Steiner
- Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anat Hendelman
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Idan Efroni
- The Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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35
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Turley EK, Etchells JP. Laying it on thick: a study in secondary growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:665-679. [PMID: 34655214 PMCID: PMC8793872 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of secondary vascular tissue enhances the transport capacity and mechanical strength of plant bodies, while contributing a huge proportion of the world's biomass in the form of wood. Cell divisions in the cambium, which constitutes the vascular meristem, provide progenitors from which conductive xylem and phloem are derived. The cambium is a somewhat unusual stem cell population in two respects, making it an interesting subject for developmental research. Firstly, it arises post-germination, and thus represents a model for understanding stem cell initiation beyond embryogenesis. Secondly, xylem and phloem differentiate on opposing sides of cambial stem cells, making them bifacial in nature. Recent discoveries in Arabidopsis thaliana have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms that regulate the initiation, patterning, and maintenance of the cambium. In this review, the roles of intercellular signalling via mobile transcription factors, peptide-receptor modules, and phytohormones are described. Crosstalk between these regulatory pathways is becoming increasingly apparent, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Future study of the interaction between multiple independently identified regulators, as well as the functions of their orthologues in trees, will deepen our understanding of radial growth in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Turley
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - J Peter Etchells
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
- Correspondence:
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36
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Thomas H, Van den Broeck L, Spurney R, Sozzani R, Frank M. Gene regulatory networks for compatible versus incompatible grafts identify a role for SlWOX4 during junction formation. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:535-556. [PMID: 34609518 DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.26.433082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Grafting has been adopted for a wide range of crops to enhance productivity and resilience; for example, grafting of Solanaceous crops couples disease-resistant rootstocks with scions that produce high-quality fruit. However, incompatibility severely limits the application of grafting and graft incompatibility remains poorly understood. In grafts, immediate incompatibility results in rapid death, but delayed incompatibility can take months or even years to manifest, creating a significant economic burden for perennial crop production. To gain insight into the genetic mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we developed a model system using heterografting of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum). These grafted plants express signs of anatomical junction failure within the first week of grafting. By generating a detailed timeline for junction formation, we were able to pinpoint the cellular basis for this delayed incompatibility. Furthermore, we inferred gene regulatory networks for compatible self-grafts and incompatible heterografts based on these key anatomical events, which predict core regulators for grafting. Finally, we examined the role of vascular development in graft formation and uncovered SlWOX4 as a potential regulator of graft compatibility. Following this predicted regulator up with functional analysis, we show that Slwox4 homografts fail to form xylem bridges across the junction, demonstrating that indeed, SlWOX4 is essential for vascular reconnection during grafting, and may function as an early indicator of graft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Thomas
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Lisa Van den Broeck
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Ryan Spurney
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Margaret Frank
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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37
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Thomas H, Van den Broeck L, Spurney R, Sozzani R, Frank M. Gene regulatory networks for compatible versus incompatible grafts identify a role for SlWOX4 during junction formation. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:535-556. [PMID: 34609518 PMCID: PMC8846177 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Grafting has been adopted for a wide range of crops to enhance productivity and resilience; for example, grafting of Solanaceous crops couples disease-resistant rootstocks with scions that produce high-quality fruit. However, incompatibility severely limits the application of grafting and graft incompatibility remains poorly understood. In grafts, immediate incompatibility results in rapid death, but delayed incompatibility can take months or even years to manifest, creating a significant economic burden for perennial crop production. To gain insight into the genetic mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we developed a model system using heterografting of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum). These grafted plants express signs of anatomical junction failure within the first week of grafting. By generating a detailed timeline for junction formation, we were able to pinpoint the cellular basis for this delayed incompatibility. Furthermore, we inferred gene regulatory networks for compatible self-grafts and incompatible heterografts based on these key anatomical events, which predict core regulators for grafting. Finally, we examined the role of vascular development in graft formation and uncovered SlWOX4 as a potential regulator of graft compatibility. Following this predicted regulator up with functional analysis, we show that Slwox4 homografts fail to form xylem bridges across the junction, demonstrating that indeed, SlWOX4 is essential for vascular reconnection during grafting, and may function as an early indicator of graft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Thomas
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Lisa Van den Broeck
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Ryan Spurney
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - Margaret Frank
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
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38
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Global Analysis of the WOX Transcription Factor Gene Family in Populus × xiaohei T. S. Hwang et Liang Reveals Their Stress−Responsive Patterns. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The WUSCHEL−related homeobox (WOX) family is a group of plant−specific transcription factors that play important regulatory roles in embryo formation, stem cell stability, and organogenesis. To date, there are few studies on the molecular mechanisms involved in this family of genes in response to stress. Thus, in this study, eight WOX genes were obtained from an endemic Chinese resilient tree species, Populus × xiaohei T. S. Hwang et Liang. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the WOX genes all contained a conserved structural domain consisting of 60 amino acids, with some differences in physicochemical properties. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that WOX members were divided into three evolutionary clades, with four, one, and three members in the ancient, intermediate, and modern evolutionary clades, respectively. The conserved structural domain species as well as the organization and gene structure of WOX genes within the same subfamily were highly uniform. Chromosomal distribution and genome synteny analyses revealed seven segmental−duplicated gene pairs among the PsnWOX gene family that were mainly under purifying selection conditions. Semi−quantitative interpretation (SQ−PCR) analysis showed that the WOX gene was differentially expressed in different tissues, and it was hypothesized that the functions performed by different members were diverse. The family members were strongly and differentially expressed under CdCl2, NaCl, NaHCO3, and PEG treatments, suggesting that WOX genes function in various aspects of abiotic stress defense responses. These results provide a theoretical basis for investigating the morphogenetic effects and abiotic stress responses of this gene family in woody plants.
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Wang D, Chen Y, Li W, Li Q, Lu M, Zhou G, Chai G. Vascular Cambium: The Source of Wood Formation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:700928. [PMID: 34484265 PMCID: PMC8416278 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.700928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Wood is the most abundant biomass produced by land plants and is mainly used for timber, pulping, and paper making. Wood (secondary xylem) is derived from vascular cambium, and its formation encompasses a series of developmental processes. Extensive studies in Arabidopsis and trees demonstrate that the initiation of vascular stem cells and the proliferation and differentiation of the cambial derivative cells require a coordination of multiple signals, including hormones and peptides. In this mini review, we described the recent discoveries on the regulation of the three developmental processes by several signals, such as auxin, cytokinins, brassinosteroids, gibberellins, ethylene, TDIF peptide, and their cross talk in Arabidopsis and Populus. There exists a similar but more complex regulatory network orchestrating vascular cambium development in Populus than that in Arabidopsis. We end up with a look at the future research prospects of vascular cambium in perennial woody plants, including interfascicular cambium development and vascular stem cell regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Quanzi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gongke Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guohua Chai
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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40
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Ye J, Wang X, Wang W, Yu H, Ai G, Li C, Sun P, Wang X, Li H, Ouyang B, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Han H, Giovannoni JJ, Fei Z, Ye Z. Genome-wide association study reveals the genetic architecture of 27 agronomic traits in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:2078-2092. [PMID: 34618111 PMCID: PMC8331143 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a highly valuable fruit crop, and yield is one of the most important agronomic traits. However, the genetic architecture underlying tomato yield-related traits has not been fully addressed. Based on ∼4.4 million single nucleotide polymorphisms obtained from 605 diverse accessions, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide association study for 27 agronomic traits in tomato. A total of 239 significant associations corresponding to 129 loci, harboring many previously reported and additional genes related to vegetative and reproductive development, were identified, and these loci explained an average of ∼8.8% of the phenotypic variance. A total of 51 loci associated with 25 traits have been under selection during tomato domestication and improvement. Furthermore, a candidate gene, Sl-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER15, that encodes an aluminum-activated malate transporter was functionally characterized and shown to act as a pivotal regulator of leaf stomata formation, thereby affecting photosynthesis and drought resistance. This study provides valuable information for tomato genetic research and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huiyang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guo Ai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changxing Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pengya Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianyu Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hanxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bo Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Heyou Han
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - James J Giovannoni
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Author for communication:
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Pathak PK, Zhang F, Peng S, Niu L, Chaturvedi J, Elliott J, Xiang Y, Tadege M, Deng J. Structure of the unique tetrameric STENOFOLIA homeodomain bound with target promoter DNA. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2021; 77:1050-1063. [PMID: 34342278 PMCID: PMC8329861 DOI: 10.1107/s205979832100632x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox transcription factors are key regulators of morphogenesis and development in both animals and plants. In plants, the WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) family of transcription factors function as central organizers of several developmental programs ranging from embryo patterning to meristematic stem-cell maintenance through transcriptional activation and repression mechanisms. The Medicago truncatula STENOFOLIA (STF) gene is a master regulator of leaf-blade lateral development. Here, the crystal structure of the homeodomain (HD) of STF (STF-HD) in complex with its promoter DNA is reported at 2.1 Å resolution. STF-HD binds DNA as a tetramer, enclosing nearly the entire bound DNA surface. The STF-HD tetramer is partially stabilized by docking of the C-terminal tail of one protomer onto a conserved hydrophobic surface on the head of another protomer in a head-to-tail manner. STF-HD specifically binds TGA motifs, although the promoter sequence also contains TAAT motifs. Helix α3 not only serves a canonical role as a base reader in the major groove, but also provides DNA binding in the minor groove through basic residues located at its C-terminus. The structural and functional data in planta reported here provide new insights into the DNA-binding mechanisms of plant-specific HDs from the WOX family of transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Shuxia Peng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Lifang Niu
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Juhi Chaturvedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Justin Elliott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Million Tadege
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
| | - Junpeng Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
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Fernández-Piñán S, Boher P, Soler M, Figueras M, Serra O. Transcriptomic analysis of cork during seasonal growth highlights regulatory and developmental processes from phellogen to phellem formation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12053. [PMID: 34103550 PMCID: PMC8187341 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90938-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The phellogen or cork cambium stem cells that divide periclinally and outwardly specify phellem or cork. Despite the vital importance of phellem in protecting the radially-growing plant organs and wounded tissues, practically only the suberin biosynthetic process has been studied molecularly so far. Since cork oak (Quercus suber) phellogen is seasonally activated and its proliferation and specification to phellem cells is a continuous developmental process, the differentially expressed genes during the cork seasonal growth served us to identify molecular processes embracing from phellogen to mature differentiated phellem cell. At the beginning of cork growth (April), cell cycle regulation, meristem proliferation and maintenance and processes triggering cell differentiation were upregulated, showing an enrichment of phellogenic cells from which phellem cells are specified. Instead, at maximum (June) and advanced (July) cork growth, metabolic processes paralleling the phellem cell chemical composition, such as the biosynthesis of suberin, lignin, triterpenes and soluble aromatic compounds, were upregulated. Particularly in July, polysaccharides- and lignin-related secondary cell wall processes presented a maximal expression, indicating a cell wall reinforcement in the later stages of cork formation, presumably related with the initiation of latecork development. The putative function of relevant genes identified are discussed in the context of phellem ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Fernández-Piñán
- grid.5319.e0000 0001 2179 7512Laboratori del Suro, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Pau Boher
- grid.5319.e0000 0001 2179 7512Laboratori del Suro, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marçal Soler
- grid.5319.e0000 0001 2179 7512Laboratori del Suro, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Mercè Figueras
- grid.5319.e0000 0001 2179 7512Laboratori del Suro, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Olga Serra
- grid.5319.e0000 0001 2179 7512Laboratori del Suro, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Spain
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Shen D, Holmer R, Kulikova O, Mannapperuma C, Street NR, Yan Z, van der Maden T, Bu F, Zhang Y, Geurts R, Magne K. The BOP-type co-transcriptional regulator NODULE ROOT1 promotes stem secondary growth of the tropical Cannabaceae tree Parasponia andersonii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1366-1386. [PMID: 33735477 PMCID: PMC9543857 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tree stems undergo a massive secondary growth in which secondary xylem and phloem tissues arise from the vascular cambium. Vascular cambium activity is driven by endogenous developmental signalling cues and environmental stimuli. Current knowledge regarding the genetic regulation of cambium activity and secondary growth is still far from complete. The tropical Cannabaceae tree Parasponia andersonii is a non-legume research model of nitrogen-fixing root nodulation. Parasponia andersonii can be transformed efficiently, making it amenable for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated reverse genetics. We considered whether P. andersonii also could be used as a complementary research system to investigate tree-related traits, including secondary growth. We established a developmental map of stem secondary growth in P. andersonii plantlets. Subsequently, we showed that the expression of the co-transcriptional regulator PanNODULE ROOT1 (PanNOOT1) is essential for controlling this process. PanNOOT1 is orthologous to Arabidopsis thaliana BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 (AtBOP1) and AtBOP2, which are involved in the meristem-to-organ-boundary maintenance. Moreover, in species forming nitrogen-fixing root nodules, NOOT1 is known to function as a key nodule identity gene. Parasponia andersonii CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function Pannoot1 mutants are altered in the development of the xylem and phloem tissues without apparent disturbance of the cambium organization and size. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression of key secondary growth-related genes is significantly down-regulated in Pannoot1 mutants. This allows us to conclude that PanNOOT1 positively contributes to the regulation of stem secondary growth. Our work also demonstrates that P. andersonii can serve as a tree research system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchWageningen6708PBThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Department of Plant Microbe InteractionsMax Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCologne50829Germany
| | - Rens Holmer
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchWageningen6708PBThe Netherlands
| | - Olga Kulikova
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchWageningen6708PBThe Netherlands
| | - Chanaka Mannapperuma
- Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science CentreUmeå UniversityUmeå907 36Sweden
| | - Nathaniel R. Street
- Department of Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science CentreUmeå UniversityUmeå907 36Sweden
| | - Zhichun Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchWageningen6708PBThe Netherlands
| | - Thomas van der Maden
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchWageningen6708PBThe Netherlands
| | - Fengjiao Bu
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchWageningen6708PBThe Netherlands
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchWageningen6708 PBThe Netherlands
- Present address:
State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant GermplasmCollege of Forestry and Landscape ArchitectureSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou510642China
| | - Rene Geurts
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchWageningen6708PBThe Netherlands
| | - Kévin Magne
- Laboratory of Molecular BiologyDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchWageningen6708PBThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Institute of Plant Sciences Paris‐Saclay (IPS2)Université Paris‐SaclayCNRSINRAEUniv EvryOrsay91405France
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Chano V, Sobrino-Plata J, Collada C, Soto A. Wood development regulators involved in apical growth in Pinus canariensis. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:438-444. [PMID: 33301624 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The shoot apical meristem is responsible of seasonal length increase in plants. In woody plants transition from primary to secondary growth is also produced during seasonal apical growth. These processes are controlled by different families of transcription factors. Levels of transcriptomic activity during apical growth were measured by means of a cDNA microarray designed from sequences related to meristematic activity in Pinus canariensis. The identification of differentially expressed genes was performed using a time-course analysis. A total of 7170 genes were differentially expressed and grouped in six clusters according to their expression profiles. We identified master regulators, such as WUSCHEL-like HOMEOBOX (WOX), to be involved in the first stages of apical development, i.e. growth of primary tissues, while other transcription factors, such as Class III HOMEODOMAIN-LEUCINE ZIPPER (HD-ZIP III) and KNOTTED-like (KNOX) and BEL1-like (BELL) HOMEODOMAIN proteins, were found to be induced during last stages of apical seasonal development, already with secondary growth. Our results reveal the main expression patterns of these genes during apical development and the transition from primary to secondary stem growth. In particular, the regulatory factors identified play key roles in controlling stem architecture and constitute candidate genes for the study of other development processes in conifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Chano
- GENFOR, Grupo de Investigación en Genética y Fisiología Forestal, ETSI Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Sobrino-Plata
- GENFOR, Grupo de Investigación en Genética y Fisiología Forestal, ETSI Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Collada
- GENFOR, Grupo de Investigación en Genética y Fisiología Forestal, ETSI Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Soto
- GENFOR, Grupo de Investigación en Genética y Fisiología Forestal, ETSI Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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45
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Bueno N, Cuesta C, Centeno ML, Ordás RJ, Alvarez JM. In Vitro Plant Regeneration in Conifers: The Role of WOX and KNOX Gene Families. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030438. [PMID: 33808690 PMCID: PMC8003479 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conifers are a group of woody plants with an enormous economic and ecological importance. Breeding programs are necessary to select superior varieties for planting, but they have many limitations due to the biological characteristics of conifers. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) and de novo organogenesis (DNO) from in vitro cultured tissues are two ways of plant mass propagation that help to overcome this problem. Although both processes are difficult to achieve in conifers, they offer advantages like a great efficiency, the possibilities to cryopreserve the embryogenic lines, and the ability of multiplying adult trees (the main bottleneck in conifer cloning) through DNO. Moreover, SE and DNO represent appropriate experimental systems to study the molecular bases of developmental processes in conifers such as embryogenesis and shoot apical meristem (SAM) establishment. Some of the key genes regulating these processes belong to the WOX and KNOX homeobox gene families, whose function has been widely described in Arabidopsis thaliana. The sequences and roles of these genes in conifers are similar to those found in angiosperms, but some particularities exist, like the presence of WOXX, a gene that putatively participates in the establishment of SAM in somatic embryos and plantlets of Pinus pinaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Bueno
- Plant Physiology, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, ES-33071 Oviedo, Spain; (N.B.); (C.C.); (R.J.O.)
| | - Candela Cuesta
- Plant Physiology, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, ES-33071 Oviedo, Spain; (N.B.); (C.C.); (R.J.O.)
| | - María Luz Centeno
- Plant Physiology, Department of Engineering and Agricultural Sciences, University of León, ES-24071 León, Spain;
| | - Ricardo J. Ordás
- Plant Physiology, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, ES-33071 Oviedo, Spain; (N.B.); (C.C.); (R.J.O.)
| | - José M. Alvarez
- Plant Physiology, Biotechnology Institute of Asturias (IUBA), Department of Organisms and Systems Biology, University of Oviedo, ES-33071 Oviedo, Spain; (N.B.); (C.C.); (R.J.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Mode of Action of 1-Naphthylphthalamic Acid in Conspicuous Local Stem Swelling of Succulent Plant, Bryophyllum calycinum: Relevance to the Aspects of Its Histological Observation and Comprehensive Analyses of Plant Hormones. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063118. [PMID: 33803750 PMCID: PMC8003132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The mode of action of 1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) to induce conspicuous local stem swelling in the area of its application to the growing internode in intact Bryophyllum calycinum was studied based on the aspects of histological observation and comprehensive analyses of plant hormones. Histological analyses revealed that NPA induced an increase in cell size and numerous cell divisions in the cortex and pith, respectively, compared to untreated stem. In the area of NPA application, vascular tissues had significantly wider cambial zones consisting of 5–6 cell layers, whereas phloem and xylem seemed not to be affected. This indicates that stem swelling in the area of NPA application is caused by stimulation of cell division and cell enlargement mainly in the cambial zone, cortex, and pith. Comprehensive analyses of plant hormones revealed that NPA substantially increased endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the swelling area. NPA also increased endogenous levels of cytokinins, jasmonic acid, and its precursor, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, but did not increase abscisic acid and gibberellin levels. It was shown, using radiolabeled 14C-IAA, that NPA applied to the middle of internode segments had little effect on polar auxin transport, while 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid substantially inhibited it. These results strongly suggest that NPA induces changes in endogenous levels of plant hormones, such as IAA, cytokinins, and jasmonic acid, and their hormonal crosstalk results in a conspicuous local stem swelling. The possible different mode of action of NPA from other polar auxin transport inhibitors in succulent plants is extensively discussed.
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Wolabu TW, Wang H, Tadesse D, Zhang F, Behzadirad M, Tvorogova VE, Abdelmageed H, Liu Y, Chen N, Chen J, Allen RD, Tadege M. WOX9 functions antagonistic to STF and LAM1 to regulate leaf blade expansion in Medicago truncatula and Nicotiana sylvestris. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1582-1597. [PMID: 32964420 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
WOX family transcription factors regulate multiple developmental programs. The intermediate clade transcriptional activator WOX9 functions together with the modern clade transcriptional repressor WOX genes in embryogenesis and meristems maintenance, but the mechanism of this interaction is unclear. STF and LAM1 are WOX1 orthologs required for leaf blade outgrowth in Medicago truncatula and Nicotiana sylvestris, respectively. Using biochemical methods and genome editing technology, here we show that WOX9 is an abaxial factor and functions antagonistically to STF and LAM1 to regulate leaf blade development. While NsWOX9 ectopic expression enhances the lam1 mutant phenotype, and antisense expression partially rescues the lam1 mutant, both overexpression and knockout of NsWOX9 in N. sylvestris resulted in a range of severe leaf blade distortions, indicating important role in blade development. Our results indicate that direct repression of WOX9 by WUS clade repressor STF/LAM1 is required for correct blade architecture and patterning in M. truncatula and N. sylvestris. These findings suggest that controlling transcriptional activation and repression mechanisms by direct interaction of activator and repressor WOX genes may be required for cell proliferation and differentiation homeostasis, and could be an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for the development of complex and diverse morphology in flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tezera W Wolabu
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Dimiru Tadesse
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Fei Zhang
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520-8104, USA
| | - Marjan Behzadirad
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Varvara E Tvorogova
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Haggag Abdelmageed
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza,, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ye Liu
- School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Naichong Chen
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Jianghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Topical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Randy D Allen
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Million Tadege
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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Sajjad M, Wei X, Liu L, Li F, Ge X. Transcriptome Analysis Revealed GhWOX4 Intercedes Myriad Regulatory Pathways to Modulate Drought Tolerance and Vascular Growth in Cotton. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020898. [PMID: 33477464 PMCID: PMC7829754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cotton is a paramount cash crop around the globe. Among all abiotic stresses, drought is a leading cause of cotton growth and yield loss. However, the molecular link between drought stress and vascular growth and development is relatively uncharted. Here, we validated a crucial role of GhWOX4, a transcription factor, modulating drought stress with that of vasculature growth in cotton. Knock-down of GhWOX4 decreased the stem width and severely compromised vascular growth and drought tolerance. Conversely, ectopic expression of GhWOX4 in Arabidopsis enhanced the tolerance to drought stress. Comparative RNAseq analysis revealed auxin responsive protein (AUX/IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and ethylene were significantly induced. Additionally, MYC-bHLH, WRKY, MYB, homeodomain, and heat-shock transcription factors (HSF) were differentially expressed in control plants as compared to GhWOX4-silenced plants. The promotor zone of GhWOX4 was found congested with plant growth, light, and stress response related cis-elements. differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to stress, water deprivation, and desiccation response were repressed in drought treated GhWOX4-virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) plants as compared to control. Gene ontology (GO) functions related to cell proliferation, light response, fluid transport, and flavonoid biosynthesis were over-induced in TRV: 156-0 h/TRV: 156-1 h (control) in comparison to TRV: VIGS-0 h/TRV: VIGS-1 h (GhWOX4-silenced) plants. This study improves our context for elucidating the pivotal role of GhWOX4 transcription factors (TF), which mediates drought tolerance, plays a decisive role in plant growth and development, and is likely involved in different regulatory pathways in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajjad
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (M.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Xi Wei
- Institute of Cotton Research, Henan Normal University Research Base of State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Xinxiang 453000, China;
| | - Lisen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (M.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (M.S.); (L.L.)
- Institute of Cotton Research, Henan Normal University Research Base of State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Xinxiang 453000, China;
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiaoyang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China; (M.S.); (L.L.)
- Institute of Cotton Research, Henan Normal University Research Base of State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Xinxiang 453000, China;
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (X.G.)
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Müller JT, van Veen H, Bartylla MM, Akman M, Pedersen O, Sun P, Schuurink RC, Takeuchi J, Todoroki Y, Weig AR, Sasidharan R, Mustroph A. Keeping the shoot above water - submergence triggers antithetical growth responses in stems and petioles of watercress (Nasturtium officinale). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:140-155. [PMID: 31792981 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms controlling underwater elongation are based extensively on studies on internode elongation in the monocot rice (Oryza sativa) and petiole elongation in Rumex rosette species. Here, we characterize underwater growth in the dicot Nasturtium officinale (watercress), a wild species of the Brassicaceae family, in which submergence enhances stem elongation and suppresses petiole growth. We used a genome-wide transcriptome analysis to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed antithetical growth responses. Though submergence caused a substantial reconfiguration of the petiole and stem transcriptome, only little qualitative differences were observed between both tissues. A core submergence response included hormonal regulation and metabolic readjustment for energy conservation, whereas tissue-specific responses were associated with defense, photosynthesis, and cell wall polysaccharides. Transcriptomic and physiological characterization suggested that the established ethylene, abscisic acid (ABA), and GA growth regulatory module for underwater elongation could not fully explain underwater growth in watercress. Petiole growth suppression is likely attributed to a cell cycle arrest. Underwater stem elongation is driven by an early decline in ABA and is not primarily mediated by ethylene or GA. An enhanced stem elongation observed in the night period was not linked to hypoxia and suggests an involvement of circadian regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana T Müller
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Hans van Veen
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Malte M Bartylla
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Melis Akman
- Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 361 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Ole Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pulu Sun
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuurink
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jun Takeuchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yasushi Todoroki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Alfons R Weig
- Genomics & Bioinformatics, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rashmi Sasidharan
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Angelika Mustroph
- Plant Physiology, University Bayreuth, Universitaetsstraße 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
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Yang S, Wang S, Li S, Du Q, Qi L, Wang W, Chen J, Wang H. Activation of ACS7 in Arabidopsis affects vascular development and demonstrates a link between ethylene synthesis and cambial activity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:7160-7170. [PMID: 32926140 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene is a gaseous hormone that affects many processes of plant growth and development. During vascular development, ethylene positively regulates cambial cell division in parallel with tracheary element differentiation inhibitory factor (TDIF) peptide signaling. In this study, we identified an ethylene overproducing mutant, acs7-d, exhibiting enhanced cambial activity and reduced wall development in fiber cells. Using genetic analysis, we found that ethylene signaling is necessary for the phenotypes of enhanced cambial cell division as well as defects in stem elongation and fiber cell wall development. Further, the cambial cell proliferation phenotype of acs7-d depends on WOX4, indicating that the two parallel pathways, ethylene and TDIF signaling, converge at WOX4 in regulating cambium activity. Gene expression analysis showed that ethylene impedes fiber cell wall biosynthesis through a conserved hierarchical transcriptional regulation. These results advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ethylene in regulating vascular meristem activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Sining Wang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Shujia Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Liying Qi
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Wenguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jingtang Chen
- College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huanzhong Wang
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Institute for System Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT, USA
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