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Yang M, Wang Y, Chen C, Xin X, Dai S, Meng C, Ma N. Transcription factor WRKY75 maintains auxin homeostasis to promote tomato defense against Pseudomonas syringae. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1053-1068. [PMID: 38245840 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae infects a range of plant species and causes enormous economic losses. Auxin and WRKY transcription factors play crucial roles in plant responses to P. syringae, but their functional relationship in plant immunity remains unclear. Here, we characterized tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) SlWRKY75, which promotes defenses against P. syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 by regulating plant auxin homeostasis. Overexpressing SlWRKY75 resulted in low free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels, leading to attenuated auxin signaling, decreased expansin transcript levels, upregulated expression of PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES (PRs) and NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE 1 (NPR1), and enhanced tomato defenses against Pst DC3000. RNA interference-mediated repression of SlWRKY75 increased tomato susceptibility to Pst DC3000. Yeast one-hybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and luciferase activity assays suggested that SlWRKY75 directly activates the expression of GRETCHEN HAGEN 3.3 (SlGH3.3), which encodes an IAA-amido synthetase. SlGH3.3 enhanced tomato defense against Pst DC3000 by converting free IAA to the aspartic acid (Asp)-conjugated form IAA-Asp. In addition, SlWRKY75 interacted with a tomato valine-glutamine (VQ) motif-containing protein 16 (SlVQ16) in vivo and in vitro. SlVQ16 enhanced SlWRKY75-mediated transcriptional activation of SlGH3.3 and promoted tomato defense responses to Pst DC3000. Our findings illuminate a mechanism in which the SlVQ16-SlWRKY75 complex participates in tomato pathogen defense by positively regulating SlGH3.3-mediated auxin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35, Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xin Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Shanshan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chen Meng
- Marine Agriculture Research Center, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Nana Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai' an, Shandong 271018, China
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2
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Chen P, Wang J, Liu Q, Liu J, Mo Q, Sun B, Mao X, Jiang L, Zhang J, Lv S, Yu H, Chen W, Liu W, Li C. Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of Rice Cultivar CBB23 after Inoculation by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Strains AH28 and PXO99 A. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1411. [PMID: 38794481 PMCID: PMC11124827 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), among the most serious diseases in rice production, is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Xa23, the broadest resistance gene against BLB in rice, is widely used in rice breeding. In this study, the rice variety CBB23 carrying the Xa23 resistance gene was inoculated with AH28 and PXO99A to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the resistance. Transcriptome sequencing of the infected leaves showed 7997 DEGs between the two strains at different time points, most of which were up-regulated, including cloned rice anti-blight, peroxidase, pathology-related, protein kinase, glucosidase, and other coding genes, as well as genes related to lignin synthesis, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and secondary metabolites. Additionally, the DEGs included 40 cloned, five NBS-LRR, nine SWEET family, and seven phenylalanine aminolyase genes, and 431 transcription factors were differentially expressed, the majority of which belonged to the WRKY, NAC, AP2/ERF, bHLH, and MYB families. Metabolomics analysis showed that a large amount of alkaloid and terpenoid metabolite content decreased significantly after inoculation with AH28 compared with inoculation with PXO99A, while the content of amino acids and their derivatives significantly increased. This study is helpful in further discovering the pathogenic mechanism of AH28 and PXO99A in CBB23 rice and provides a theoretical basis for cloning and molecular mechanism research related to BLB resistance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingli Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510335, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junjie Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiaoping Mo
- Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510335, China
| | - Bingrui Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xingxue Mao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liqun Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Shuwei Lv
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Weixiong Chen
- Guangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510335, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chen Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of High Quality Rice in Southern China (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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3
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Zeng H, He K, He Q, Xu L, Zhang W, Lu X, Tang Y, Zhu X, Yin J, He M, Chen X, Li W. Exogenous Indole-3-Acetic Acid Suppresses Rice Infection of Magnaporthe oryzae by Affecting Plant Resistance and Fungal Growth. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2024; 114:1050-1056. [PMID: 38709298 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-23-0365-kc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Auxin is an important phytohormone that regulates diverse biologic processes, including plant growth and immunity. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), known as one of the main forms of auxin, is able to activate plant immunity. However, it is unknown whether IAA enhances plant resistance and/or suppresses the growth of the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Here, we found that IAA could induce expression levels of pathogenesis-related genes to enhance disease resistance and could control the development of blast disease through inhibiting M. oryzae infection. Exogenous IAA suppressed mycelial growth and delayed spore germination by inhibiting fungal endogenous IAA biosynthesis and impairing redox homeostasis, respectively. When applied to a field test, two IAA analogues, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid, can effectively control rice blast disease. Our study advances the understanding of IAA in controlling rice blast disease through suppressing pathogen growth and enhancing plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Kaiwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Qin He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Liting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yongyan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Junjie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Weitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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Li W, Wang M, Liu Y, Zhan Q, Jing R, Song A, Zhao S, Wang L, Jiang J, Chen S, Chen F, Guan Z. A pattern for the early, middle, and late phase of tea chrysanthemum response to Fusarium oxysporum. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14373. [PMID: 38894555 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum morifolium is cultivated worldwide and has high ornamental, tea, and medicinal value. With the increasing area of chrysanthemum cultivation and years of continuous cropping, Fusarium wilt disease frequently occurs in various production areas, seriously affecting the quality and yield and causing huge economic losses. However, the molecular response mechanism of Fusarium wilt infection remains unclear, which limits the molecular breeding process for disease resistance in chrysanthemums. In the present study, we analyzed the molecular response mechanisms of 'Huangju,' one of the tea chrysanthemum cultivars severely infested with Fusarium wilt in the field at the early, middle, and late phases of F. oxysporum infestation. 'Huangju' responded to the infestation mainly through galactose metabolism, plant-pathogen interaction, auxin, abscisic acid, and ethylene signalling in the early phase; galactose metabolism, plant-pathogen interaction, auxin, salicylic acid signal, and certain transcription factors (e.g., CmWRKY48) in the middle phase; and galactose metabolism in the late phase. Notably, the galactose metabolism was important in the early, middle, and late phases of 'Huangju' response to F. oxysporum. Meanwhile, the phytohormone auxin was involved in the early and middle responses. Furthermore, silencing of CmWRKY48 in 'Huangju' resulted in resistance to F. oxysporum. Our results revealed a new molecular pattern for chrysanthemum in response to Fusarium wilt in the early, middle, and late phases, providing a foundation for the molecular breeding of chrysanthemum for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingling Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruyue Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Likai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyong Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Biology of Ornamental Plants in East China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Uji Y, Suzuki G, Fujii Y, Kashihara K, Yamada S, Gomi K. Jasmonic acid (JA)-mediating MYB transcription factor1, JMTF1, coordinates the balance between JA and auxin signalling in the rice defence response. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14257. [PMID: 38504376 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) is a signalling compound involved in the regulation of cellular defence and development in plants. In this study, we investigated the roles of a JA-responsive MYB transcription factor, JMTF1, in the JA-regulated defence response against rice bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). JMTF1 did not interact with any JASMONATE ZIM-domain (JAZ) proteins. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing JMTF1 showed a JA-hypersensitive phenotype and enhanced resistance against Xoo. JMTF1 upregulated the expression of a peroxidase, OsPrx26, and monoterpene synthase, OsTPS24, which are involved in the biosynthesis of lignin and antibacterial monoterpene, γ-terpinene, respectively. OsPrx26 was mainly expressed in the vascular bundle. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsPrx26 showed enhanced resistance against Xoo. In addition to the JA-hypersensitive phenotype, the JMTF1-overexpressing rice plants showed a typical auxin-related phenotype. The leaf divergence and shoot gravitropic responses were defective, and the number of lateral roots decreased significantly in the JMTF1-overexpressing rice plants. JMTF1 downregulated the expression of auxin-responsive genes but upregulated the expression of OsIAA13, a suppressor of auxin signalling. The rice gain-of-function mutant Osiaa13 showed high resistance against Xoo. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsEXPA4, a JMTF1-downregulated auxin-responsive gene, showed increased susceptibility to Xoo. JMTF1 is selectively bound to the promoter of OsPrx26 in vivo. These results suggest that JMTF1 positively regulates disease resistance against Xoo by coordinating crosstalk between JA- and auxin-signalling in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Uji
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Go Suzuki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Yumi Fujii
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Keita Kashihara
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Shoko Yamada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Gomi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
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Hu X, Luo Z, Xu C, Wu Z, Wu C, Ebid MHM, Zan F, Zhao L, Liu X, Liu J. A Comprehensive Analysis of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Revealed Key Pathways Involved in Saccharum spontaneum Defense against Sporisorium scitamineum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4476-4492. [PMID: 38373255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Sugarcane smut, caused by Sporisorium scitamineum, poses a severe threat to sugarcane production. The genetic basis of sugarcane resistance to S. scitamineum remains elusive. A comparative transcriptomic and metabolomic study was conducted on two wild Saccharum species of S. spontaneum with contrast smut resistance. Following infection, the resistant line exhibited greater down-regulation of genes and metabolites compared to the susceptible line, indicating distinct biological processes. Lignan and lignin biosynthesis and SA signal transduction were activated in the resistant line, while flavonoid biosynthesis and auxin signal transduction were enhanced in the susceptible line. TGA2.2 and ARF14 were identified as playing positive and negative roles, respectively, in plant defense. Exogenous auxin application significantly increased the susceptibility of S. spontaneum to S. scitaminum. This study established the significant switching of defense signaling pathways in contrast-resistant S. spontaneum following S. scitamineum infection, offering a hypothetical model and candidate genes for further research into sugarcane smut disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops, Kunming 650221, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Yunnan), Kaiyuan 661699, China
| | - Zhengying Luo
- National Key Laboratory for Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops, Kunming 650221, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Yunnan), Kaiyuan 661699, China
| | - Chaohua Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops, Kunming 650221, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Yunnan), Kaiyuan 661699, China
| | - Zhuandi Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops, Kunming 650221, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Yunnan), Kaiyuan 661699, China
| | - Caiwen Wu
- National Key Laboratory for Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops, Kunming 650221, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Yunnan), Kaiyuan 661699, China
| | - Mahmoud H M Ebid
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China
- Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
| | - Fengang Zan
- National Key Laboratory for Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops, Kunming 650221, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Yunnan), Kaiyuan 661699, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops, Kunming 650221, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Yunnan), Kaiyuan 661699, China
| | - Xinlong Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops, Kunming 650221, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Yunnan), Kaiyuan 661699, China
| | - Jiayong Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Biological Breeding of Tropical Crops, Kunming 650221, China
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Kaiyuan 661699, China
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (Yunnan), Kaiyuan 661699, China
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7
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Zhang H, Rong Z, Li Y, Yin Z, Lu C, Zhao H, Kong L, Meng L, Ding X. NIT24 and NIT29-mediated IAA synthesis of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola suppresses immunity and boosts growth in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13409. [PMID: 38069667 PMCID: PMC10788589 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Auxin plays a pivotal role in the co-evolution of plants and microorganisms. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) stands as a significant factor that affects rice yield and quality. However, the current understanding of Xoc's capability for indole 3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis and its mechanistic implications remains elusive. In this study, we performed a comprehensive genomic analysis of Xoc strain RS105, leading to the identification of two nitrilase enzyme family (NIT) genes, designated as AKO15524.1 and AKO15829.1, subsequently named NIT24 and NIT29, respectively. Our investigation unveiled that the deletion of NIT24 and NIT29 resulted in a notable reduction in IAA synthesis capacity within RS105, thereby impacting extracellular polysaccharide production. This deficiency was partially ameliorated through exogenous IAA supplementation. The study further substantiated that NIT24 and NIT29 have nitrilase activity and the ability to catalyse IAA production in vitro. The lesion length and bacterial population statistics experiments confirmed that NIT24 and NIT29 positively regulated the pathogenicity of RS105, suggesting that NIT24 and NIT29 may regulate Xoc invasion by affecting IAA synthesis. Furthermore, our analysis corroborated mutant strains, RS105_ΔNIT24 and RS105_ΔNIT29, which elicited the outbreak of reactive oxygen species, the deposition of callose and the upregulation of defence-related gene expression in rice. IAA exerted a significant dampening effect on the immune responses incited by these mutant strains in rice. In addition, the absence of NIT24 and NIT29 affected the growth-promoting effect of Xoc on rice. This implies that Xoc may promote rice growth by secreting IAA, thus providing a more suitable microenvironment for its own colonization. In summary, our study provides compelling evidence for the existence of a nitrilase-dependent IAA biosynthesis pathway in Xoc. IAA synthesis-related genes promote Xoc colonization by inhibiting rice immune defence response and affecting rice growth by increasing IAA content in Xoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Zixuan Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Ziyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Chongchong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Haipeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Lingguang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
| | - Lun Meng
- Shike Modern Agriculture Investment Co., LtdHezeChina
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anChina
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8
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Luo P, Li TT, Shi WM, Ma Q, Di DW. The Roles of GRETCHEN HAGEN3 (GH3)-Dependent Auxin Conjugation in the Regulation of Plant Development and Stress Adaptation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4111. [PMID: 38140438 PMCID: PMC10747189 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The precise control of free auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) gradient, which is orchestrated by biosynthesis, conjugation, degradation, hydrolyzation, and transport, is critical for all aspects of plant growth and development. Of these, the GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) acyl acid amido synthetase family, pivotal in conjugating IAA with amino acids, has garnered significant interest. Recent advances in understanding GH3-dependent IAA conjugation have positioned GH3 functional elucidation as a hot topic of research. This review aims to consolidate and discuss recent findings on (i) the enzymatic mechanisms driving GH3 activity, (ii) the influence of chemical inhibitor on GH3 function, and (iii) the transcriptional regulation of GH3 and its impact on plant development and stress response. Additionally, we explore the distinct biological functions attributed to IAA-amino acid conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (T.-T.L.); (W.-M.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Ming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (T.-T.L.); (W.-M.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Dong-Wei Di
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (T.-T.L.); (W.-M.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Yadav P, Sharma K, Tiwari N, Saxena G, Asif MH, Singh S, Kumar M. Comprehensive transcriptome analyses of Fusarium-infected root xylem tissues to decipher genes involved in chickpea wilt resistance. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:390. [PMID: 37942053 PMCID: PMC10630269 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium wilt is the most destructive soil-borne disease that poses a major threat to chickpea production. To comprehensively understand the interaction between chickpea and Fusarium oxysporum, the xylem-specific transcriptome analysis of wilt-resistant (WR315) and wilt-susceptible (JG62) genotypes at an early timepoint (4DPI) was investigated. Differential expression analysis showed that 1368 and 348 DEGs responded to pathogen infection in resistant and susceptible genotypes, respectively. Both genotypes showed transcriptional reprogramming in response to Foc2, but the responses in WR315 were more severe than in JG62. Results of the KEGG pathway analysis revealed that most of the DEGS in both genotypes with enrichment in metabolic pathways, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and carbon metabolism. Genes associated with defense-related metabolites synthesis such as thaumatin-like protein 1b, cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinases, MLP-like proteins, polygalacturonase inhibitor 2-like, ethylene-responsive transcription factors, glycine-rich cell wall structural protein-like, beta-galactosidase-like, subtilisin-like protease, thioredoxin-like protein, chitin elicitor receptor kinase-like, proline transporter-like, non-specific lipid transfer protein and sugar transporter were mostly up-regulated in resistant as compared to susceptible genotypes. The results of this study provide disease resistance genes, which would be helpful in understanding the Foc resistance mechanism in chickpea. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03803-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Yadav
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Kritika Sharma
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Nikita Tiwari
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Garima Saxena
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Mehar H. Asif
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Swati Singh
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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10
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Vega-Álvarez C, Francisco M, Cartea ME, Fernández JC, Soengas P. The growth-immunity tradeoff in Brassica oleracea-Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris pathosystem. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:2985-2997. [PMID: 36180381 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses against pathogens are influenced by growth immunity tradeoff, which ensure the best use of limited resources. We study how the immobilization of carbon resources and the induction of defensive responses (glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, stomatal closure) can influence the biomass of two Brassica oleracea lines, differing in their resistance, after infection with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Potentially, the growth immunity tradeoff can be influenced by the activation of all these processes. However, on the contrary of which is normally stated, our results suggest that the loss of biomass caused by pathogen infection is mainly due to the differential accumulation of starch and the immobilization of sugars rather than the reallocation of resources to synthesize secondary metabolites. Moreover, resistance may be related to the effectiveness of the tradeoff, since the resistant line immobilizes resources more efficiently than the susceptible one. Both inbred lines show a different phytohormones profile, which support the hypothesis that they are employing different strategies to defend themselves against the pathogen. This study emphasizes the key role of the primary metabolism in the defence strategies of plants against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pilar Soengas
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain
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11
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Yuan WJ, He ZY, Zhang SP, Zheng YP, Zhang XQ, He SQ, He YX, Li Y. Comparative transcriptomics provides insights into the pathogenic immune response of brown leaf spots in weeping forsythia. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 43:1641-1652. [PMID: 37171622 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Weeping forsythia is an important ornamental, ecological and medicinal plant. Brown leaf spots limit the large-scale production of weeping forsythia as a medicinal crop. Alternaria alternata is a pathogen causing brown leaf spots in weeping forsythia; however, its pathogenesis and the immune response mechanisms of weeping forsythia remain unclear. In this study, we identified two mechanisms based on morphological anatomy, physiological indexes and gene expression analyses. Our results showed that A. alternata induced leaf stomata to open, invaded the mesophyll, dissolved the cell wall, destroyed the cell membrane and decreased the number of chloroplasts by up-regulating the expression of auxin-activated signaling pathway genes. Alternaria alternata also down-regulated iron-ion homeostasis and binding-related genes, which caused an increase in the levels of iron ions and reactive oxygen species in leaves. These processes eventually led to programmed cell death, destroying palisade and spongy tissues and causing the formation of iron rust spots. Alternaria alternata also caused defense and hypersensitive responses in weeping forsythia through signaling pathways mediated by flg22-like and elf18-like polypeptides, ethylene, H2O2 and bacterial secretion systems. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the control of brown leaf spots in weeping forsythia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Jun Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, North street of Jinming Road, Henan 475004, China
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center of High Value Utilization to Natural Medical Resource in Yellow River Basin, Kaifeng, North street of Jinming Road, Henan 475004, China
| | - Zhi-Yin He
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, North street of Jinming Road, Henan 475004, China
| | - Su-Ping Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, North street of Jinming Road, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, North street of Jinming Road, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, North street of Jinming Road, Henan 475004, China
| | - She-Qi He
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, North street of Jinming Road, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yan-Xia He
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, North street of Jinming Road, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Huhehaote, Zhaowuda Road No. 81, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, Dongxiaofu Road No. 1, China
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12
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Wu T, Bi Y, Yu Y, Zhou Z, Yuan B, Ding X, Zhang Q, Chen X, Yang H, Liu H, Chu Z. Activated Expression of Rice DMR6-like Gene OsS3H Partially Explores the Susceptibility to Bacterial Leaf Streak Mediated by Knock-Out OsF3H04g. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13263. [PMID: 37686066 PMCID: PMC10487387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Downy Mildew Resistance 6-like (DMR6-like) genes are identified as salicylic acid (SA) hydroxylases and negative regulators of plant immunity. Previously, we identified two rice DMR6-like genes, OsF3H03g, and OsF3H04g, that act as susceptible targets of transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) from Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), which causes bacterial leaf streak (BLS) in rice. Furthermore, all four homologs of rice DMR6-like proteins were identified to predominantly carry the enzyme activity of SA 5-hydroxylase (S5H), negatively regulate rice broad-spectrum resistance, and cause the loss of function of these OsDMR6s, leading to increased resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight (BB). Here, we curiously found that an OsF3H04g knock-out mutant created by T-DNA insertion, osf3h04g, was remarkedly susceptible to BLS and BB and showed an extreme reduction in SA content. OsF3H04g knock-out rice lines produced by gene-editing were mildly susceptible to BLS and reduced content of SA. To explore the susceptibility mechanism in OsF3H04g loss-of-function rice lines, transcriptome sequencing revealed that another homolog, OsS3H, had induced expression in the loss-of-function OsF3H04g rice lines. Furthermore, we confirmed that a great induction of OsS3H downstream and genomically adjacent to OsF3H04g in osf3h04g was primarily related to the inserted T-DNA carrying quadruple enhancer elements of 35S, while a slight induction was caused by an unknown mechanism in gene-editing lines. Then, we found that the overexpression of OsS3H increased rice susceptibility to BLS, while gene-editing mediated the loss-of-function OsS3H enhanced rice resistance to BLS. However, the knock-out of both OsF3H04g and OsS3H by gene-editing only neutralized rice resistance to BLS. Thus, we concluded that the knock-out of OsF3H04g activated the expression of the OsS3H, partially participating in the susceptibility to BLS in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (T.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Yunya Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.B.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.B.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Zhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.B.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Bin Yuan
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China;
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (X.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Qingxia Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (T.W.); (Q.Z.)
| | - Xiangsong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.B.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Haifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China; (X.D.); (H.L.)
| | - Zhaohui Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (Y.B.); (Y.Y.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.)
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13
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Tang J, Li Y, Zhang L, Mu J, Jiang Y, Fu H, Zhang Y, Cui H, Yu X, Ye Z. Biosynthetic Pathways and Functions of Indole-3-Acetic Acid in Microorganisms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2077. [PMID: 37630637 PMCID: PMC10459833 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) belongs to the family of auxin indole derivatives. IAA regulates almost all aspects of plant growth and development, and is one of the most important plant hormones. In microorganisms too, IAA plays an important role in growth, development, and even plant interaction. Therefore, mechanism studies on the biosynthesis and functions of IAA in microorganisms can promote the production and utilization of IAA in agriculture. This mini-review mainly summarizes the biosynthesis pathways that have been reported in microorganisms, including the indole-3-acetamide pathway, indole-3-pyruvate pathway, tryptamine pathway, indole-3-acetonitrile pathway, tryptophan side chain oxidase pathway, and non-tryptophan dependent pathway. Some pathways interact with each other through common key genes to constitute a network of IAA biosynthesis. In addition, functional studies of IAA in microorganisms, divided into three categories, have also been summarized: the effects on microorganisms, the virulence on plants, and the beneficial impacts on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zihong Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (J.T.); (L.Z.)
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14
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Gu X, Si F, Feng Z, Li S, Liang D, Yang P, Yang C, Yan B, Tang J, Yang Y, Li T, Li L, Zhou J, Li J, Feng L, Liu JY, Yang Y, Deng Y, Wu XN, Zhao Z, Wan J, Cao X, Song X, He Z, Liu J. The OsSGS3-tasiRNA-OsARF3 module orchestrates abiotic-biotic stress response trade-off in rice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4441. [PMID: 37488129 PMCID: PMC10366173 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent heat stress and pathogen invasion seriously threaten crop production, and abiotic stress often antagonizes biotic stress response against pathogens. However, the molecular mechanisms of trade-offs between thermotolerance and defense remain obscure. Here, we identify a rice thermo-sensitive mutant that displays a defect in floret development under high temperature with a mutation in SUPPRESSOR OF GENE SILENCING 3a (OsSGS3a). OsSGS3a interacts with its homolog OsSGS3b and modulates the biogenesis of trans-acting small interfering RNA (tasiRNA) targeting AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS (ARFs). We find that OsSGS3a/b positively, while OsARF3a/b and OsARF3la/lb negatively modulate thermotolerance. Moreover, OsSGS3a negatively, while OsARF3a/b and OsARF3la/lb positively regulate disease resistance to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae). Taken together, our study uncovers a previously unknown trade-off mechanism that regulates distinct immunity and thermotolerance through the OsSGS3-tasiRNA-OsARF3 module, highlighting the regulation of abiotic-biotic stress response trade-off in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuyan Si
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxiang Feng
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Shunjie Li
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Di Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Yang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Tai Li
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Li
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Jinling Zhou
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Yun Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanzhu Yang
- Department of Rice Breeding, Hunan Yahua Seed Scientific Research Institute, 410119, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Na Wu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039, Beijing, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Xianwei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Zuhua He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junzhong Liu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China.
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15
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de Tombeur F, Pélissier R, Shihan A, Rahajaharilaza K, Fort F, Mahaut L, Lemoine T, Thorne SJ, Hartley SE, Luquet D, Fabre D, Lambers H, Morel JB, Ballini E, Violle C. Growth-defence trade-off in rice: fast-growing and acquisitive genotypes have lower expression of genes involved in immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3094-3103. [PMID: 36840921 PMCID: PMC10199124 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant ecologists and molecular biologists have long considered the hypothesis of a trade-off between plant growth and defence separately. In particular, how genes thought to control the growth-defence trade-off at the molecular level relate to trait-based frameworks in functional ecology, such as the slow-fast plant economics spectrum, is unknown. We grew 49 phenotypically diverse rice genotypes in pots under optimal conditions and measured growth-related functional traits and the constitutive expression of 11 genes involved in plant defence. We also quantified the concentration of silicon (Si) in leaves to estimate silica-based defences. Rice genotypes were aligned along a slow-fast continuum, with slow-growing, late-flowering genotypes versus fast-growing, early-flowering genotypes. Leaf dry matter content and leaf Si concentrations were not aligned with this axis and negatively correlated with each other. Live-fast genotypes exhibited greater expression of OsNPR1, a regulator of the salicylic acid pathway that promotes plant defence while suppressing plant growth. These genotypes also exhibited greater expression of SPL7 and GH3.2, which are also involved in both stress resistance and growth. Our results do not support the hypothesis of a growth-defence trade-off when leaf Si and leaf dry matter content are considered, but they do when hormonal pathway genes are considered. We demonstrate the benefits of combining ecological and molecular approaches to elucidate the growth-defence trade-off, opening new avenues for plant breeding and crop science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix de Tombeur
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Rémi Pélissier
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, Institut Agro, INRAE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Ammar Shihan
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Koloina Rahajaharilaza
- Faculty of Sciences, DS Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Antananarivo 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Florian Fort
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, Institut Agro, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Valéry, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucie Mahaut
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Taïna Lemoine
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sarah J Thorne
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sue E Hartley
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Delphine Luquet
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Denis Fabre
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- UMR AGAP Institut, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Jean-Benoît Morel
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, Institut Agro, INRAE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Elsa Ballini
- PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, Institut Agro, INRAE, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Cyrille Violle
- CEFE, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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16
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Dong J, Li X, Ma Y, Yang J, Chen J, Yang W, Zhou L, Wang J, Yang T, Zhang S, Zhao J, Liu Q, Zhou L, Zhu X, Liu B. Overexpression of OsGF14C enhances salinity tolerance but reduces blast resistance in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1098855. [PMID: 36844058 PMCID: PMC9950408 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1098855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High-salinity and blast disease are two major stresses that cause dramatic yield loss in rice production. GF14 (14-3-3) genes have been reported to play important role in biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the roles of OsGF14C remain unknown. To understand the functions and regulatory mechanisms of OsGF14C in regulating salinity tolerance and blast resistance in rice, we have conducted OsGF14C-overexpressing transgenic experiments in the present study. Our results showed that overexpression of OsGF14C enhanced salinity tolerance but reduced blast resistance in rice. The enhanced salinity tolerance is related to the reduction of methylglyoxal and Na+ uptake instead of exclusion or compartmentation and the negative role of OsGF14C in blast resistance is associated with the suppression of OsGF14E, OsGF14F and PR genes. Our results together with the results from the previous studies suggest that the lipoxygenase gene LOX2 which is regulated by OsGF14C may play roles in coordinating salinity tolerance and blast resistance in rice. The current study for the first time revealed the possible roles of OsGF14C in regulating salinity tolerance and blast resistance in rice, and laid down a foundation for further functional study and crosstalk regulation between salinity and blast resistance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Dong
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuezhong Li
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Engineering, Zhongkai, China
| | - Yamei Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyuan Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansong Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wu Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - TiFeng Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohong Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junliang Zhao
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Engineering, Zhongkai, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Rice Engineering Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Gou M, Balint-Kurti P, Xu M, Yang Q. Quantitative disease resistance: Multifaceted players in plant defense. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:594-610. [PMID: 36448658 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to large-effect qualitative disease resistance, quantitative disease resistance (QDR) exhibits partial and generally durable resistance and has been extensively utilized in crop breeding. The molecular mechanisms underlying QDR remain largely unknown but considerable progress has been made in this area in recent years. In this review, we summarize the genes that have been associated with plant QDR and their biological functions. Many QDR genes belong to the canonical resistance gene categories with predicted functions in pathogen perception, signal transduction, phytohormone homeostasis, metabolite transport and biosynthesis, and epigenetic regulation. However, other "atypical" QDR genes are predicted to be involved in processes that are not commonly associated with disease resistance, such as vesicle trafficking, molecular chaperones, and others. This diversity of function for QDR genes contrasts with qualitative resistance, which is often based on the actions of nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) resistance proteins. An understanding of the diversity of QDR mechanisms and of which mechanisms are effective against which classes of pathogens will enable the more effective deployment of QDR to produce more durably resistant, resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Peter Balint-Kurti
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Plant Science Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Mingliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Maize Biology and Genetic Breeding in Arid Area of Northwest Region of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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18
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Transcriptome Analysis in Response to Infection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola Strains with Different Pathogenicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010014. [PMID: 36613454 PMCID: PMC9820197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) is one of the most important quarantine diseases in the world. Breeding disease-resistant varieties can solve the problem of prevention and treatment of BLS from the source. The discovery of the molecular mechanism of resistance is an important driving force for breeding resistant varieties. In this study, a BLS-resistant near isogenic line NIL-bls2 was used as the material. Guangxi Xoc strain gx01 (abbreviated as WT) and its mutant strain (abbreviated as MT) with a knockout type III effectors (T3Es) gene were used to infect rice material NIL-bls2. The molecular interaction mechanism of rice resist near isogenic lines in response to infection by different pathogenic strains was analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that there were 415, 134 and 150 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the WT group and the MT group at 12, 24 and 48 h of post inoculation (hpi). Through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, it was found that, compared with non-pathogenic strains, the T3Es secreted by pathogenic strains inhibited the signal transduction pathway mediated by ethylene (ET), jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), and the MAPKK (MAPK kinase) and MAPKKK (MAPK kinase kinase) in the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascade reaction, which prevented plants from sensing extracellular stimuli in time and starting the intracellular immune defense mechanism; and inhibited the synthesis of lignin and diterpenoid phytochemicals to prevent plants from establishing their own physical barriers to resist the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. The inhibitory effect was the strongest at 12 h, and gradually weakened at 24 h and 48 h. To cope with the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, rice NIL-bls2 material can promote wound healing by promoting the synthesis of traumatic acid at 12 h; at 24 h, hydrogen peroxide was degraded by dioxygenase, which reduced and eliminated the attack of reactive oxygen species on plant membrane lipids; and at 48 h, rice NIL-bls2 material can resist the invasion of pathogenic bacteria by promoting the synthesis of lignin, disease-resistant proteins, monoterpene antibacterial substances, indole alkaloids and other substances. Through transcriptome sequencing analysis, the molecular interaction mechanism of rice resistance near isogenic lines in response to infection by different pathogenic strains was expounded, and 5 genes, Os01g0719300, Os02g0513100, Os03g0122300, Os04g0301500, and Os10g0575100 closely related to BLS, were screened. Our work provides new data resources and a theoretical basis for exploring the infection mechanism of Xoc strain gx01 and the resistance mechanism of resistance gene bls2.
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Wang H, Han Y, Wu C, Zhang B, Zhao Y, Zhu J, Han Y, Wang J. Comparative transcriptome profiling of resistant and susceptible foxtail millet responses to Sclerospora graminicola infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:567. [PMID: 36471245 PMCID: PMC9724433 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Downy mildew of foxtail millet, which is caused by the biotrophic oomycete Sclerospora graminicola (Sacc.) Schroeter, is one of the most disruptive diseases. The foxtail millet-S. graminicola interaction is largely unexplored. Transcriptome sequencing technology can help to reveal the interaction mechanism between foxtail millet and its pathogens. RESULTS Transmission electron microscopy observations of leaves infected with S. graminicola showed that the structures of organelles in the host cells gradually became deformed and damaged, or even disappeared from the 3- to 7-leaf stages. However, organelles in the leaves of resistant variety were rarely damaged. Moreover, the activities of seven cell wall degrading enzymes in resistant and susceptible varieties were also quite different after pathogen induction and most of enzymes activities were significantly higher in the susceptible variety JG21 than in the resistant variety G1 at all stages. Subsequently, we compared the transcriptional profiles between the G1 and JG21 in response to S. graminicola infection at 3-, 5-, and 7-leaf stages using RNA-Seq technology. A total of 473 and 1433 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the resistant and susceptible varieties, respectively. The pathway analysis of the DEGs showed that the highly enriched categories were related to glutathione metabolism, plant hormone signalling, phenylalanine metabolism, and cutin, suberin and wax biosynthesis. Some defence-related genes were also revealed in the DEGs, including leucine-rich protein kinase, Ser/Thr protein kinase, peroxidase, cell wall degrading enzymes, laccases and auxin response genes. Our results also confirmed the linkage of transcriptomic data with qRT-PCR data. In particular, LRR protein kinase encoded by Seita.8G131800, Ser/Thr protein kinase encoded by Seita.2G024900 and Seita. 2G024800, which have played an essential resistant role during the infection by S. graminicola. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptome sequencing revealed that host resistance to S. graminicola was likely due to the activation of defence-related genes, such as leucine-rich protein kinase and Ser/Thr protein kinase. Our study identified pathways and genes that contribute to the understanding of the interaction between foxtail millet and S. graminicola at the transcriptomic level. The results will help us better understand the resistance mechanism of foxtail millet against S. graminicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanqing Han
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Caijuan Wu
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yaofei Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiao Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanhuai Han
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Minor Crop, Taiyuan, 030031, China.
| | - Jianming Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
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20
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Li Y, Liu P, Mei L, Jiang G, Lv Q, Zhai W, Li C. Knockout of a papain-like cysteine protease gene OCP enhances blast resistance in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1065253. [PMID: 36531367 PMCID: PMC9749133 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1065253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) play an important role in the immune response of plants. In Arabidopsis, several homologous genes are known to be involved in defending against pathogens. However, the effects of PLCPs on diseases that afflict rice are largely unknown. In this study, we show that a PLCP, an oryzain alpha chain precursor (OCP), the ortholog of the Arabidopsis protease RD21 (responsive to dehydration 21), participates in regulating resistance to blast disease with a shorter lesion length characterizing the knockout lines (ocp-ko), generated via CRISPR/Cas9 technology. OCP was expressed in all rice tissues and mainly located in the cytoplasm. We prove that OCP, featuring cysteine protease activity, interacts with OsRACK1A (receptor for activated C kinase 1) and OsSNAP32 (synaptosome-associated protein of 32 kD) physically in vitro and in vivo, and they co-locate in the rice cytoplasm but cannot form a ternary complex. Many genes related to plant immunity were enriched in the ocp-ko1 line whose expression levels changed significantly. The expression of jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) biosynthesis and regulatory genes were up-regulated, while that of auxin efflux transporters was down-regulated in ocp-ko1. Therefore, OCP negatively regulates blast resistance in rice by interacting with OsRACK1A or OsSNAP32 and influencing the expression profiles of many resistance-related genes. Moreover, OCP might be the cornerstone of blast resistance by suppressing the activation of JA and ET signaling pathways as well as promoting auxin signaling pathways. Our research provides a comprehensive resource of PLCPs for rice plants in defense against pathogens that is also of potential breeding value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Le Mei
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghuai Jiang
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianwen Lv
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxue Zhai
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunrong Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Kim CY, Song H, Lee YH. Ambivalent response in pathogen defense: A double-edged sword? PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100415. [PMID: 35918895 PMCID: PMC9700132 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess effective immune systems that defend against most microbial attackers. Recent plant immunity research has focused on the classic binary defense model involving the pivotal role of small-molecule hormones in regulating the plant defense signaling network. Although most of our current understanding comes from studies that relied on information derived from a limited number of pathosystems, newer studies concerning the incredibly diverse interactions between plants and microbes are providing additional insights into other novel mechanisms. Here, we review the roles of both classical and more recently identified components of defense signaling pathways and stress hormones in regulating the ambivalence effect during responses to diverse pathogens. Because of their different lifestyles, effective defense against biotrophic pathogens normally leads to increased susceptibility to necrotrophs, and vice versa. Given these opposing forces, the plant potentially faces a trade-off when it mounts resistance to a specific pathogen, a phenomenon referred to here as the ambivalence effect. We also highlight a novel mechanism by which translational control of the proteins involved in the ambivalence effect can be used to engineer durable and broad-spectrum disease resistance, regardless of the lifestyle of the invading pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yeol Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyeunjeong Song
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural Genomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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22
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Haidoulis JF, Nicholson P. Tissue-specific transcriptome responses to Fusarium head blight and Fusarium root rot. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1025161. [PMID: 36352885 PMCID: PMC9637937 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1025161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium root rot (FRR) are important diseases of small-grain cereals caused by Fusarium species. While host response to FHB has been subject to extensive study, very little is known about response to FRR and the transcriptome responses of FHB and FRR have not been thoroughly compared. Brachypodium distachyon (Bd) is an effective model for investigating host responses to both FHB and FRR. In this study the transcriptome response of Bd to F. graminearum (Fg) infection of heads and roots was investigated. An RNA-seq analysis was performed on both Bd FHB and FRR during the early infection. Additionally, an RNA-seq analysis was performed on in vitro samples of Fg for comparison with Fg gene expression in planta. Differential gene expression and gene-list enrichment analyses were used to compare FHB and FRR transcriptome responses in both Bd and Fg. Differential expression of selected genes was confirmed using RT-qPCR. Most genes associated with receptor signalling, cell-wall modification, oxidative stress metabolism, and cytokinin and auxin biosynthesis and signalling genes were generally upregulated in FHB or were downregulated in FRR. In contrast, Bd genes involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene biosynthesis and signalling, and antimicrobial production were similarly differentially expressed in both tissues in response to infection. A transcriptome analysis of predicted Fg effectors with the same infected material revealed elevated expression of core tissue-independent genes including cell-wall degradation enzymes and the gene cluster for DON production but also several tissue-dependent genes including those for aurofusarin production and cutin degradation. This evidence suggests that Fg modulates its transcriptome to different tissues of the same host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Nicholson
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, England
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23
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Singh S, Sharma R, Nepolean T, Nayak SN, Pushpavathi B, Khan AW, Srivastava RK, Varshney RK. Identification of genes controlling compatible and incompatible reactions of pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum) against blast ( Magnaporthe grisea) pathogen through RNA-Seq. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:981295. [PMID: 36212352 PMCID: PMC9544386 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.981295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Blast [Magnaporthe grisea (Herbert) Barr] is an economically important disease in Asian pearl millet production ecologies. The recurrent occurrence of blast in the past one decade has caused enormous strain on grain and forage production. Identification of resistance genes is an important step to develop durable varieties. The present study is the first attempt to use RNA-Seq to investigate the transcript dynamics in a pearl millet inbred ICMB 93333, which had a unique differential reaction to two isolates-Pg 45 (avirulent) and Pg 174 (virulent) of M. grisea. The inbred was inoculated by both isolates and samples taken at six different time intervals for genome-wide RNA-Seq experiment. The transcriptome results revealed the differential expression of more than 2,300 genes. The time-specific comparison showed activation or repression of specific genes in various pathways. Genes and transcriptions factors related to pathogenesis-related proteins, reactive oxygen species generating and its scavenging genes, cell wall defense, primary and secondary metabolic pathways, and signaling pathways were identified by comparing the host-plant compatible and incompatible interactions. The genes identified from this experiment could be useful to understand the host-plant resistance and design novel strategies to manage blast disease in pearl millet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Singh
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
- Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajan Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | | | - Spurthi N. Nayak
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Bheemavarapu Pushpavathi
- Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Aamir W. Khan
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
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Unveiling the Secretome of the Fungal Plant Pathogen Neofusicoccum parvum Induced by In Vitro Host Mimicry. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8090971. [PMID: 36135697 PMCID: PMC9505667 DOI: 10.3390/jof8090971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neofusicoccum parvum is a fungal plant pathogen of a wide range of hosts but knowledge about the virulence factors of N. parvum and host-pathogen interactions is rather limited. The molecules involved in the interaction between N. parvum and Eucalyptus are mostly unknown, so we used a multi-omics approach to understand pathogen-host interactions. We present the first comprehensive characterization of the in vitro secretome of N. parvum and a prediction of protein-protein interactions using a dry-lab non-targeted interactomics strategy. We used LC-MS to identify N. parvum protein profiles, resulting in the identification of over 400 proteins, from which 117 had a different abundance in the presence of the Eucalyptus stem. Most of the more abundant proteins under host mimicry are involved in plant cell wall degradation (targeting pectin and hemicellulose) consistent with pathogen growth on a plant host. Other proteins identified are involved in adhesion to host tissues, penetration, pathogenesis, or reactive oxygen species generation, involving ribonuclease/ribotoxin domains, putative ricin B lectins, and necrosis elicitors. The overexpression of chitosan synthesis proteins during interaction with the Eucalyptus stem reinforces the hypothesis of an infection strategy involving pathogen masking to avoid host defenses. Neofusicoccum parvum has the molecular apparatus to colonize the host but also actively feed on its living cells and induce necrosis suggesting that this species has a hemibiotrophic lifestyle.
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Ustilaginoidea virens Nuclear Effector SCRE4 Suppresses Rice Immunity via Inhibiting Expression of a Positive Immune Regulator OsARF17. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810527. [PMID: 36142440 PMCID: PMC9501289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice false smut caused by the biotrophic fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens has become one of the most important diseases in rice. The large effector repertory in U. virens plays a crucial role in virulence. However, current knowledge of molecular mechanisms how U. virens effectors target rice immune signaling to promote infection is very limited. In this study, we identified and characterized an essential virulence effector, SCRE4 (Secreted Cysteine-Rich Effector 4), in U. virens. SCRE4 was confirmed as a secreted nuclear effector through yeast secretion, translocation assays and protein subcellular localization, as well as up-regulation during infection. The SCRE4 gene deletion attenuated the virulence of U. virens to rice. Consistently, ectopic expression of SCRE4 in rice inhibited chitin-triggered immunity and enhanced susceptibility to false smut, substantiating that SCRE4 is an essential virulence factor. Furthermore, SCRE4 transcriptionally suppressed the expression of OsARF17, an auxin response factor in rice, which positively regulates rice immune responses and resistance against U. virens. Additionally, the immunosuppressive capacity of SCRE4 depended on its nuclear localization. Therefore, we uncovered a virulence strategy in U. virens that transcriptionally suppresses the expression of the immune positive modulator OsARF17 through nucleus-localized effector SCRE4 to facilitate infection.
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26
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Chen S, Feng A, Wang C, Zhao J, Feng J, Chen B, Yang J, Wang W, Zhang M, Chen K, Chen W, Su J, Liu B, Zhu X. Identification and fine-mapping of Xo2, a novel rice bacterial leaf streak resistance gene. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3195-3209. [PMID: 35871691 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel rice resistance gene, Xo2, influencing pathogenesis of the bacterial leaf streak disease, has been identified, and candidate genes for Xo2 in the fine mapping region have been shown to be involved in bacterial leaf streak resistance. Rice (Oryza sativa) bacterial leaf streak, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), is one of the most serious rice bacterial diseases. The deployment of host resistance genes is an effective approach for controlling this disease. The cultivar BHADOIA 303 (X455) from Bangladesh is resistant to most of Chinese Xoc races. To identify and map the resistance gene(s) involved in Xoc resistance, we examined the association between phenotypic and genotypic variations in two F2 populations derived from crosses between X455/Jingang 30 and X455/Wushansimiao. The segregation ratios of the F2 progeny were consistent with the action of a single dominant resistance gene, which was designated as Xo2. Based on rice SNP chip (GSR40K) assays of X455, Jingang 30, and resistant and susceptible pools thereof, we mapped Xo2 to the region from 10 Mb to 12.5 Mb on chromosome 2. The target gene was further finely mapped between the markers RM12941 and D6-1 within an approximately 110-kb region. The de novo sequencing and gene annotation of X455 and Jingang 30 revealed nineteen predicted genes within the target region. RNA-seq and expression analysis showed that four candidate genes, including Osa002T0115800, encoding an NLR resistance protein, were distinctly upregulated. Differential sequence and synteny analysis between X455 and Jingang 30 suggested that Osa002T0115800 is likely the functional Xo2 gene. This study lays a foundation for marker-assisted selection resistance breeding against rice bacterial leaf streak and the further cloning of Xo2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Aiqing Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Congying Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Junliang Zhao
- Rice Research Institute and Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jinqi Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jianyuan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Meiying Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kailing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Weiqin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Jing Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Rice Research Institute and Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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Wang Y, Luo H, Wang H, Xiang Z, Wei S, Zheng W. Comparative transcriptome analysis of rice cultivars resistant and susceptible to Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:606. [PMID: 35986248 PMCID: PMC9392349 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08816-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rice sheath blight, which is caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is the most destructive disease affecting rice production, but the resistance mechanism to this pathogen has not been fully elucidated. Results In this study, we selected two rice cultivars based on their resistance to the pathogen and analyzed and compared the transcriptomic profiles of two cultivars, the moderately resistant variety Gangyuan8 and the highly susceptible variety Yanfeng47, at different time points after inoculation. The comparative transcriptome profiling showed that the expression of related genes gradually increased after pathogen inoculation. The number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Yanfeng47 was higher than that in Gangyuan8, and this result revealed that Yanfeng47 was more susceptible to fungal attack. At the early stage (24 and 48 h), the accumulation of resistance genes and a resistance metabolism occurred earlier in Ganguan8 than in Yanfeng47, and the resistance enrichment entries were more abundant in Ganguan8 than in Yanfeng47. Conclusions Based on the GO and KEGG enrichment analyses at five infection stages, we concluded that phenylalanine metabolism and the jasmonic acid pathway play a crucial role in the resistance of rice to sheath blight. Through a comparative transcriptome analysis, we preliminarily analyzed the molecular mechanism responsible for resistance to sheath blight in rice, and the results lay the foundation for the development of gene mining and functional research on rice resistance to sheath blight. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08816-x.
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Overexpression of OsGF14f Enhances Quantitative Leaf Blast and Bacterial Blight Resistance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137440. [PMID: 35806444 PMCID: PMC9266906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that rice 14-3-3 family genes are involved in various defense responses, the functions of OsGF14f in response to diseases have not been reported. Here, we showed that the transcription of OsGF14f was significantly induced by leaf blast infection, and the overexpression of OsGF14f quantitatively enhanced resistance to leaf blast and bacterial blight in rice. Further analysis showed that the expression levels of salicylic acid (SA) pathway-associated genes (PAL1, NH1, PR1a and PR10) in the OsGF14f-overexpressing plants, were higher than those in wild-type plants after inoculation with the blast isolate (Magnaporthe oryzae Barr). In addition, the expression level of OsGF14f was significantly induced after SA treatment, and higher endogenous SA levels were observed in the OsGF14f-overexpressing plants compared with that in wild-type plants, especially after blast challenge. Taken together, these results suggest that OsGF14f positively regulates leaf blast and bacterial blight resistance in rice via the SA-dependent signaling pathway.
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The Mutation of Rice MEDIATOR25, OsMED25, Induces Rice Bacterial Blight Resistance through Altering Jasmonate- and Auxin-Signaling. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121601. [PMID: 35736751 PMCID: PMC9229619 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rice bacterial blight disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is one of the most severe diseases of rice. However, the regulatory mechanisms of rice defense against Xoo remain poorly understood. The rice MEDIATOR25, OsMED25—a subunit of the mediator multiprotein complex that acts as a universal adaptor between transcription factors (TFs) and RNA polymerase II—plays an important role in jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated lateral root development in rice. In this study, we found that OsMED25 also plays an important role in JA- and auxin-mediated resistance responses against rice bacterial blight. The osmed25 loss-of-function mutant exhibited high resistance to Xoo. The expression of JA-responsive defense-related genes regulated by OsMYC2, which is a positive TF in JA signaling, was downregulated in osmed25 mutants. Conversely, expression of some OsMYC2-independent JA-responsive defense-related genes was upregulated in osmed25 mutants. Furthermore, OsMED25 interacted with some AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS (OsARFs) that regulate auxin signaling, whereas the mutated osmed25 protein did not interact with the OsARFs. The expression of auxin-responsive genes was downregulated in osmed25 mutants, and auxin-induced susceptibility to Xoo was not observed in osmed25 mutants. These results indicate that OsMED25 plays an important role in the stable regulation of JA- and auxin-mediated signaling in rice defense response.
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Li D, Zhou J, Zheng C, Zheng E, Liang W, Tan X, Xu R, Yan C, Yang Y, Yi K, Liu X, Chen J, Wang X. OsTGAL1 suppresses the resistance of rice to bacterial blight disease by regulating the expression of salicylic acid glucosyltransferase OsSGT1. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1584-1602. [PMID: 35141931 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many TGA transcription factors participate in immune responses in the SA-mediated signaling pathway in Arabidopsis. This study identified a transcription factor OsTGAL1, which is induced upon infection by Xoo. Overexpression of OsTGAL1 increased the susceptibility of rice to Xoo. Plants overexpressing OsTGAL1 could affect the expression of many SA signaling-related genes. OsTGAL1 was able to interact with the promoter of OsSGT1, which encodes a key enzyme for SA metabolism. The transcript of OsSGT1 was induced by Xoo and this responsive expression was further increased in plants overexpressing OsTGAL1. OsSGT1 knockout lines had enhanced resistance to Xoo, and knocking out OsSGT1 in plants overexpressing OsTGAL1 blocked the susceptibility caused by OsTGAL1. Altered expression levels of several OsPRs in all the transgenic plants demonstrated that SA-mediated signaling had been affected. Furthermore, we identified an oxidoreductase of CC-type glutaredoxin, OsGRX17, which interacted with OsTGAL1. OsGRX17 reduced the regulation of OsTGAL1 on OsSGT1, and this may be due to its redox modulation. Thus, our results demonstrate that OsTGAL1 negatively regulates resistance to Xoo by its effects on SA metabolism via the activation of OsSGT1, which provides valuable targets for plant breeders in developing new cultivars that are resistant to Xoo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ersong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifang Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaojing Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rumeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengqi Yan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keke Yi
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Plant Protection and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Liu CC, Liu YN, Cheng JF, Guo R, Tian L, Wang B. Dual Roles of OsGH3.2 in Modulating Rice Root Morphology and Affecting Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:853435. [PMID: 35481141 PMCID: PMC9037295 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.853435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Several angiosperm GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) genes, including tomato SlGH3.4 and rice OsGH3.2 are induced during arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, but their functions remain largely unclear. Recently, tomato SlGH3.4 was suggested to negatively regulate arbuscule incidence via decreasing auxin levels in colonized cells. In this study, by acquiring rice OsGH3.2pro:β-glucuronidase (GUS) transgenic plants and generating Osgh3.2 mutants via CRISPR/Cas9 technique, the roles of OsGH3.2 in modulating rice root morphology and affecting AM symbiosis were investigated through time course experiments. Unlike SlGH3.4, OsGH3.2 showed asymbiotic expression in rice young lateral roots, and its mutation resulted in a "shallow" root architecture. Such root morphological change was also observed under symbiotic condition and it likely promoted AM fungal colonization, as the mutants exhibited higher colonization levels and arbuscule incidence than wild-type at early stages. Similar to SlGH3.4, OsGH3.2 showed symbiotic expression in cortical cells that have formed mature arbuscules. At late stages of symbiosis, Osgh3.2 mutants showed elongated cortical cells and larger arbuscules than wild-type, indicating elevated auxin level in the colonized cells. Together, these results revealed both asymbiotic and symbiotic roles of OsGH3.2 in modulating rice root architecture and controlling auxin levels in arbusculated cells, which further affected colonization rate and arbuscule phenotype.
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Zhang L, Huang Y, Zheng Y, Liu X, Zhou S, Yang X, Liu S, Li Y, Li J, Zhao S, Wang H, Ji Y, Zhang J, Pu M, Zhao Z, Fan J, Wang W. Osa-miR535 targets SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like 4 to regulate blast disease resistance in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:166-178. [PMID: 34997660 PMCID: PMC9305248 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many rice microRNAs have been identified as fine-tuning factors in the regulation of agronomic traits and immunity. Among them, Osa-miR535 targets SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like 14 (OsSPL14) to positively regulate tillers but negatively regulate yield and immunity. Here, we uncovered that Osa-miR535 targets another SPL gene, OsSPL4, to suppress rice immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae. Overexpression of Osa-miR535 significantly decreased the accumulation of the fusion protein SPL4TBS -YFP that contains the target site of Osa-miR535 in OsSPL4. Consistently, Osa-miR535 mediated the cleavage of OsSPL4 mRNA between the 10th and 11th base pair of the predicted binding site at the 3' untranslated region. Transgenic rice lines overexpressing OsSPL4 (OXSPL4) displayed enhanced blast disease resistance accompanied by enhanced immune responses, including increased expression of defense-relative genes and up-accumulated H2 O2 . By contrast, the knockout mutant osspl4 exhibited susceptibility. Moreover, OsSPL4 binds to the promoter of GH3.2, an indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase, and promotes its expression. Together, these data indicate that Os-miR535 targets OsSPL4 and OsSPL4-GH3.2, which may parallel the OsSPL14-WRKY45 module in rice blast disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling‐Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang211 Huimin RoadChengduSichuan611130China
- College of Environmental Science & EngineeringChina West Normal University1 Shida RoadNanchongSichuan637002China
| | - Yan‐Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang211 Huimin RoadChengduSichuan611130China
| | - Ya‐Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang211 Huimin RoadChengduSichuan611130China
| | - Xin‐Xian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang211 Huimin RoadChengduSichuan611130China
| | - Shi‐Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang211 Huimin RoadChengduSichuan611130China
| | - Xue‐Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang211 Huimin RoadChengduSichuan611130China
| | - Shou‐Lan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang211 Huimin RoadChengduSichuan611130China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang211 Huimin RoadChengduSichuan611130China
| | - Jin‐Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang211 Huimin RoadChengduSichuan611130China
- Present address:
College of Plant ProtectionYunnan Agricultural University95 Jinhei RoadKunmingYunnan650201China
| | - Sheng‐Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang211 Huimin RoadChengduSichuan611130China
- Institute of South Subtropical CropsChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural SciencesZhanjiangGuangdong524013China
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang211 Huimin RoadChengduSichuan611130China
| | - Yun‐Peng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang211 Huimin RoadChengduSichuan611130China
| | - Ji‐Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang211 Huimin RoadChengduSichuan611130China
| | - Mei Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang211 Huimin RoadChengduSichuan611130China
| | - Zhi‐Xue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang211 Huimin RoadChengduSichuan611130China
| | - Jing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang211 Huimin RoadChengduSichuan611130China
| | - Wen‐Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest ChinaSichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang211 Huimin RoadChengduSichuan611130China
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Combined BSA-Seq Based Mapping and RNA-Seq Profiling Reveal Candidate Genes Associated with Plant Architecture in Brassica napus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052472. [PMID: 35269615 PMCID: PMC8910715 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant architecture involves important agronomic traits affecting crop yield, resistance to lodging, and fitness for mechanical harvesting in Brassica napus. Breeding high-yield varieties with plant architecture suitable for mechanical harvesting is the main goal of rapeseed breeders. Here, we report an accession of B. napus (4942C-5), which has a dwarf and compact plant architecture in contrast to cultivated varieties. A BC8 population was constructed by crossing a normal plant architecture line, 8008, with the recurrent parent 4942C-5. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying plant architecture, we performed phytohormone profiling, bulk segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-Seq), and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) in BC8 plants with contrasting plant architecture. Genetic analysis indicated the plant architecture traits of 4942C-5 were recessive traits controlled by multiple genes. The content of auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA), and abscisic acid (ABA) differed significantly between plants with contrasting plant architecture in the BC8 population. Based on BSA-Seq analysis, we identified five candidate intervals on chromosome A01, namely those of 0 to 6.33 Mb, 6.45 to 6.48 Mb, 6.51 to 6.53 Mb, 6.77 to 6.79 Mb, and 7 to 7.01 Mb regions. The RNA-Seq analysis revealed a total of 4378 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 2801 were up-regulated and 1577 were down-regulated. There, further analysis showed that genes involved in plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, cell structure, and the phenylpropanoid pathway might play a pivotal role in the morphogenesis of plant architecture. Association analysis of BSA-Seq and RNA-Seq suggested that seven DEGs involved in plant hormone signal transduction and a WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene (BnaA01g01910D) might be candidate genes responsible for the dwarf and compact phenotype in 4942C-5. These findings provide a foundation for elucidating the mechanisms underlying rapeseed plant architecture and should contribute to breed new varieties suitable for mechanization.
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Dong L, Ma Y, Chen CY, Shen L, Sun W, Cui G, Naqvi NI, Deng YZ. Identification and Characterization of Auxin/IAA Biosynthesis Pathway in the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020208. [PMID: 35205962 PMCID: PMC8879529 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae has been known to produce the phytohormone auxin/IAA from its hyphae and conidia, but the detailed biological function and biosynthesis pathway is largely unknown. By sequence homology, we identified a complete indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA)-based IAA biosynthesis pathway in M. oryzae, consisting of the tryptophan aminotransferase (MoTam1) and the indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase (MoIpd1). In comparison to the wild type, IAA production was significantly reduced in the motam1Δ mutant, and further reduced in the moipd1Δ mutant. Correspondingly, mycelial growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity were defective in the motam1Δ and the moipd1Δ mutants to various degrees. Targeted metabolomics analysis further confirmed the presence of a functional IPA pathway, catalyzed by MoIpd1, which contributes to IAA/auxin production in M. oryzae. Furthermore, the well-established IAA biosynthesis inhibitor, yucasin, suppressed mycelial growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity in M. oryzae. Overall, this study identified an IPA-dependent IAA synthesis pathway crucial for M. oryzae mycelial growth and pathogenic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.D.); (Y.M.); (L.S.); (W.S.); (G.C.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuming Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.D.); (Y.M.); (L.S.); (W.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Cheng-Yen Chen
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (C.-Y.C.); (N.I.N.)
| | - Lizheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.D.); (Y.M.); (L.S.); (W.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Wenda Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.D.); (Y.M.); (L.S.); (W.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Guobing Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.D.); (Y.M.); (L.S.); (W.S.); (G.C.)
| | - Naweed I. Naqvi
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (C.-Y.C.); (N.I.N.)
| | - Yi Zhen Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (L.D.); (Y.M.); (L.S.); (W.S.); (G.C.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence:
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Fu M, Bai Q, Zhang H, Guo Y, Peng Y, Zhang P, Shen L, Hong N, Xu W, Wang G. Transcriptome Analysis of the Molecular Patterns of Pear Plants Infected by Two Colletotrichum fructicola Pathogenic Strains Causing Contrasting Sets of Leaf Symptoms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:761133. [PMID: 35251071 PMCID: PMC8888856 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.761133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Colletotrichum fructicola infects pear leaves, resulting in two major symptoms: tiny black spots (TS) followed by severe early defoliation and big necrotic lesions (BnL) without apparent damage depending on the pathotypes. How the same fungal species causes different symptoms remains unclear. To understand the molecular mechanism underlying the resulting diseases and the diverse symptoms, two C. fructicola pathogenetic strains (PAFQ31 and PAFQ32 responsible for TS and BnL symptoms, respectively) were inoculated on Pyrus pyrifolia leaves and subjected to transcriptome sequencing at the quiescent stage (QS) and necrotrophic stage (NS), respectively. In planta, the genes involved in the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway were upregulated at the NS caused by the infection of each strain. In contrast, the ethylene (ET), abscisic acid (ABA), and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways were specifically related to the TS symptoms caused by the infection of strain PAFQ31, corresponding to the yellowish and early defoliation symptoms triggered by the strain infection. Correspondingly, SA was accumulated in similar levels in the leaves infected by each strain at NS, but JA was significantly higher in the PAFQ31-infected as measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis also reveals specific genes, pathways, phytohormones, and transcription factors (TFs) associated with the PAFQ31-associated early defoliation. Taken together, these data suggest that specific metabolic pathways were regulated in P. pyrifolia in response to the infection of two C. fructicola pathotypes resulting in the diverse symptoms: JA, ET, and ABA accumulated in the PAFQ31-infected leaves, which negatively affected the chlorophyll metabolism and photosynthesis pathways while positively affecting the expression of senescence-associated TFs and genes, resulted in leaf yellowing and defoliation; whereas SA inhibited JA-induced gene expression in the PAFQ32-infected leaves, which led to hypersensitive response-like reaction and BnL symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Bai
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yashuang Guo
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhong Peng
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Shen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ni Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxing Xu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop (Fruit Trees) Biology and Germplasm Creation of the Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Wuhan, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Wojtaczka P, Ciarkowska A, Starzynska E, Ostrowski M. The GH3 amidosynthetases family and their role in metabolic crosstalk modulation of plant signaling compounds. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 194:113039. [PMID: 34861536 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3) genes encoding proteins belonging to the ANL superfamily are widespread in the plant kingdom. The ANL superfamily consists of three groups of adenylating enzymes: aryl- and acyl-CoA synthetases, firefly luciferase, and amino acid-activating adenylation domains of the nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). GH3s are cytosolic, acidic amidosynthetases of the firefly luciferase group that conjugate auxins, jasmonates, and benzoate derivatives to a wide group of amino acids. In contrast to auxins, which amide conjugates mainly serve as a storage pool of inactive phytohormone or are involved in the hormone degradation process, conjugation of jasmonic acid (JA) results in biologically active phytohormone jasmonyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile). Moreover, GH3s modulate salicylic acid (SA) concentration by conjugation of its precursor, isochorismate. GH3s, as regulators of the phytohormone level, are crucial for normal plant development as well as plant defense response to different abiotic and biotic stress factors. Surprisingly, recent studies indicate that FIN219/JAR1/GH3.11, one of the GH3 proteins, may act not only as an enzyme but is also able to interact with tau-class glutathione S-transferase (GSTU) and constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (COP1) proteins and regulate light and stress signaling pathways. The aim of this work is to summarize our current knowledge of the GH3 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Wojtaczka
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Ciarkowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Ewelina Starzynska
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Maciej Ostrowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
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Wu T, Zhang H, Yuan B, Liu H, Kong L, Chu Z, Ding X. Tal2b targets and activates the expression of OsF3H 03g to hijack OsUGT74H4 and synergistically interfere with rice immunity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1864-1880. [PMID: 34812496 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors are major virulence factors secreted by the type III secretion systems of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) and X. oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), causing bacterial leaf streak and bacterial blight, respectively, in rice. However, the knowledge of Xoc TAL effector function in promoting bacterial virulence remains limited. Here, we isolated the highly virulent Xoc strain HGA4 from the outbreak region of Huanggang (Hubei, China), which contains four TAL effectors not found in the Chinese model strain RS105. Among these, Tal2b was selected for introduction into RS105, which resulted in a longer lesion length than that in the control. Tal2b directly binds to the promoter region of the gene and activates the expression of OsF3H03g , which encodes 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase in rice. OsF3H03g negatively regulates salicylic acid (SA)-related defense by directly reducing SA, and it plays a positive role in susceptibility to both Xoc and Xoo in rice. OsF3H03g interacts with a uridine diphosphate-glycosyltransferase protein (OsUGT74H4), which positively regulates bacterial leaf streak susceptibility and may inactivate SA via glycosylation modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Haimiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430064, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lingguang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Zhaohui Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
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Ding C, Lin X, Zuo Y, Yu Z, Baerson SR, Pan Z, Zeng R, Song Y. Transcription factor OsbZIP49 controls tiller angle and plant architecture through the induction of indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetases in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:1346-1364. [PMID: 34582078 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tiller angle is an important determinant of plant architecture in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Auxins play a critical role in determining plant architecture; however, the underlying metabolic and signaling mechanisms are still largely unknown. In this study, we have identified a member of the bZIP family of TGA class transcription factors, OsbZIP49, that participates in the regulation of plant architecture and is specifically expressed in gravity-sensing tissues, including the shoot base, nodes and lamina joints. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsbZIP49 displayed a tiller-spreading phenotype with reduced plant height and internode lengths. In contrast, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of OsbZIP49 resulted in a compact architecture. Follow-up studies indicated that the effects of OsbZIP49 on tiller angles are mediated through changes in shoot gravitropic responses. Additionally, we provide evidence that OsbZIP49 activates the expression of indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetases OsGH3-2 and OsGH3-13 by directly binding to TGACG motifs located within the promoters of both genes. Increased GH3-catalyzed conjugation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in rice transformants overexpressing OsbZIP49 resulted in the increased accumulation of IAA-Asp and IAA-Glu, and a reduction in local free auxin, tryptamine and IAA-Glc levels. Exogenous IAA or naphthylacetic acid (NAA) partially restored shoot gravitropic responses in OsbZIP49-overexpressing plants. Knockout of OsbZIP49 led to reduced expression of both OsGH3-2 and OsGH3-13 within the shoot base, and increased accumulation of IAA and increased OsIAA20 expression levels were observed in transformants following gravistimulation. Taken together, the present results reveal the role transcription factor OsbZIP49 plays in determining plant architecture, primarily due to its influence on local auxin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xianhui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ying Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Scott R Baerson
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Pan
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Key State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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Xie W, Ke Y, Cao J, Wang S, Yuan M. Knock out of transcription factor WRKY53 thickens sclerenchyma cell walls, confers bacterial blight resistance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1746-1761. [PMID: 34618083 PMCID: PMC8566205 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls are the first physical barrier against pathogen invasion, and plants thicken the cell wall to strengthen it and restrain pathogen infection. Bacterial blight is a devastating rice (Oryza sativa) disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which typically enters the rice leaf through hydathodes and spreads throughout the plant via the xylem. Xoo interacts with cells surrounding the xylem vessel of a vascular bundle, but whether rice strengthens the sclerenchyma cell walls to stop pathogen proliferation is unclear. Here, we found that a WRKY protein, OsWRKY53, negatively confers resistance to Xoo by strengthening the sclerenchyma cell walls of the vascular bundle. OsMYB63 acts as a transcriptional activator and promotes the expression of three secondary cell wall-related cellulose synthase genes to boost cellulose accumulation, resulting in thickened sclerenchyma cell walls. Both OsWRKY53 and OsMYB63 are abundantly expressed in sclerenchyma cells of leaf vascular bundles. OsWRKY53 functions as a transcriptional repressor and acts genetically upstream of OsMYB63 to suppress its expression. The OsWRKY53-overexpressing and OsMYB63 knockout plants had thinner sclerenchyma cell walls, showing susceptibility to Xoo, while the OsWRKY53 knockout and OsMYB63-overexpressing plants had thicker sclerenchyma cell walls, exhibiting resistance to Xoo. These results suggest that modifying these candidate genes provides a strategy to improve rice resistance to bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yinggen Ke
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianbo Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Author for communication:
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Luo K, Ouellet T, Zhao H, Wang X, Kang Z. Wheat- Fusarium graminearum Interactions Under Sitobion avenae Influence: From Nutrients and Hormone Signals. Front Nutr 2021; 8:703293. [PMID: 34568403 PMCID: PMC8455932 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.703293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The English grain aphid Sitobion avenae and phytopathogen Fusarium graminearum are wheat spike colonizers. "Synergistic" effects of the coexistence of S. avenae and F. graminearum on the wheat spikes have been shown in agroecosystems. To develop genetic resistance in diverse wheat cultivars, an important question is how to discover wheat-F. graminearum interactions under S. avenae influence. In recent decades, extensive studies have typically focused on the unraveling of more details on the relationship between wheat-aphids and wheat-pathogens that has greatly contributed to the understanding of these tripartite interactions at the ecological level. Based on the scientific production available, the working hypotheses were synthesized from the aspects of environmental nutrients, auxin production, hormone signals, and their potential roles related to the tripartite interaction S. avenae-wheat-F. graminearum. In addition, this review highlights the relevance of preexposure to the herbivore S. avenae to trigger the accumulation of mycotoxins, which stimulates the infection process of F. graminearum and epidemic of Fusarium head blight (FHB) in the agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Thérèse Ouellet
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Huiyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiukang Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Jujube, College of Life Science, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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Kunkel BN, Johnson JMB. Auxin Plays Multiple Roles during Plant-Pathogen Interactions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:a040022. [PMID: 33782029 PMCID: PMC8411954 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin governs many aspects of normal plant growth and development. Auxin also plays an important role in plant-microbe interactions, including interactions between plant hosts and pathogenic microorganisms that cause disease. It is now well established that indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the most well-studied form of auxin, promotes disease in many plant-pathogen interactions. Recent studies have shown that IAA can act both as a plant hormone that modulates host signaling and physiology to increase host susceptibility and as a microbial signal that directly impacts the pathogen to promote virulence, but large gaps in our understanding remain. In this article, we review recent studies on the roles that auxin plays during plant-pathogen interactions and discuss the virulence mechanisms that many plant pathogens have evolved to manipulate host auxin signaling and promote pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara N Kunkel
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Joshua M B Johnson
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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Ma Z, Qin G, Zhang Y, Liu C, Wei M, Cen Z, Yan Y, Luo T, Li Z, Liang H, Huang D, Deng G. Bacterial leaf streak 1 encoding a mitogen-activated protein kinase confers resistance to bacterial leaf streak in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1084-1101. [PMID: 34101285 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) is a major bacterial disease of rice. Utilization of host genetic resistance has become one of the most important strategies for controlling BLS. However, only a few resistance genes have been characterized. Previously, a recessive BLS resistance gene bls1 was roughly mapped on chromosome 6. Here, we further delineated bls1 to a 21 kb region spanning four genes. Genetic analysis confirmed that the gene encoding a mitogen-activated protein kinase (OsMAPK6) is the target of the allelic genes BLS1 and bls1. Overexpression of BLS1 weakened resistance to the specific Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) strain JZ-8, while low expression of bls1 increased resistance. However, both overexpression of BLS1 and low expression of bls1 could increase no-race-specific broad-spectrum resistance. These results indicate that BLS1 and bls1 negatively regulate race-specific resistance to Xoc strain JZ-8 but positively and negatively control broad-spectrum resistance, respectively. Subcellular localization demonstrated that OsMAPK6 was localized in the nucleus. RGA4, which is known to mediate resistance to Xoc, is the potential target of OsMAPK6. Overexpression of BLS1 and low expression of bls1 showed increase in salicylic acid and induced expression of defense-related genes, simultaneously increasing broad-spectrum resistance. Moreover, low expression of bls1 showed increase an in jasmonic acid and abscisic acid, in company with an increase in resistance to Xoc strain JZ-8. Collectively, our study provides new insights into the understanding of BLS resistance and facilitates the development of rice host-resistant cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengfeng Ma
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Gang Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Yuexiong Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Chi Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Minyi Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Zhenlu Cen
- Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Yan
- Microbiology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Tongping Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Zhenjing Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Haifu Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Dahui Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Guofu Deng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rice Genetics and Breeding, Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Lab, Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
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Yuan Z, Fan K, Wang Y, Tian L, Zhang C, Sun W, He H, Yu S. OsGRETCHENHAGEN3-2 modulates rice seed storability via accumulation of abscisic acid and protective substances. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:469-482. [PMID: 33570603 PMCID: PMC8154041 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Seed storability largely determines the vigor of seeds during storage and is significant in agriculture and ecology. However, the underlying genetic basis remains unclear. In the present study, we report the cloning and characterization of the rice (Oryza sativa) indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-amido synthetase gene GRETCHEN HAGEN3-2 (OsGH3-2) associated with seed storability. OsGH3-2 was identified by performing a genome-wide association study in rice germplasms with linkage mapping in chromosome substitution segment lines, contributing to the wide variation of seed viability in the populations after long periods of storage and artificial ageing. OsGH3-2 was dominantly expressed in the developing seeds and catalyzed IAA conjugation to amino acids, forming inactive auxin. Transgenic overexpression, knockout, and knockdown experiments demonstrated that OsGH3-2 affected seed storability by regulating the accumulation level of abscisic acid (ABA). Overexpression of OsGH3-2 significantly decreased seed storability, while knockout or knockdown of the gene enhanced seed storability compared with the wild-type. OsGH3-2 acted as a negative regulator of seed storability by modulating many genes related to the ABA pathway and probably subsequently late embryogenesis-abundant proteins at the transcription level. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying seed storability and will facilitate the improvement of seed vigor by genomic breeding and gene-editing approaches in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kai Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuntong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chaopu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenqiang Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hanzi He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sibin Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Wang Y, Guo Y, Li F, Liu Y, Jin S. Overexpression of KcNHX1 gene confers tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:613-623. [PMID: 33723703 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01280-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and heat affect plant growth and development. Karelinia caspica is a unique perennial herb that grows in desert area for a long time and has strong tolerance to environmental stresses. In order to explore the functions of the Na+/H+ antiporter gene from eremophyte K. caspica (KcNHX1) in the abiotic stress response of K. caspica and the underlying regulatory mechanisms, we constructed a vector overexpressing KcNHX1 and transformed it into Arabidopsis thaliana. The physiological results showed that the overexpression of KcNHX1 in A. thaliana not only enhanced the plant's tolerance to salt stress, but also enhanced its tolerance to drought and heat stress at the seedling stage. In addition, KcNHX1-overexpressing plants exhibited enhanced reproductive growth under high temperature, which was mediated by increased auxin accumulation. Taken together, our results indicate that KcNHX1 from an eremophyte can be used as a candidate gene to improve multiple stress tolerance in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Wang
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300, Xinjiang, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Yuan Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Fen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300, Xinjiang, China
- College of Life Sciences, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
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Zheng L, Zhang M, Zhuo Z, Wang Y, Gao X, Li Y, Liu W, Zhang W. Transcriptome profiling analysis reveals distinct resistance response of cucumber leaves infected with powdery mildew. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:327-340. [PMID: 33176053 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Powdery mildew is the main disease affecting cucumber cultivation and causes severe economic loss. So far, research on cucumber resistance to powdery mildew has not yielded feasible solutions. This study selected two inbred cucumber lines, XY09-118 (resistant) and Q10 (susceptible) and investigated their responses to powdery mildew infection (harvested 24 and 48 h after inoculation) using RNA sequencing. More than 20,000 genes were detected in cucumber leaves both with and without powdery mildew infection at the above two time points. Among these, 5478 genes were identified as differently expressed genes (DEGs) between XY09-118 and Q10. Based on the databases GO and KEGG, the functions of DEGs were analysed. Moreover, the complex regulatory network for powdery mildew resistance was assessed, which involves plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction and the MAPK signalling pathway. In particular, genes encoding WRKY, NAC and TCP were highlighted. In addition, genes involved in plant hormone biosynthesis, metabolism and signal transduction, pathogen resistance and abiotic stress response were analysed. Co-expression analysis indicated that the transcription factors correlated with plant hormone signal pathway and metabolism, defence and abiotic response. The expression of several genes was validated by qRT-PCR. The pathogen resistance regulatory network was identified by comparing resistant and susceptible inbred lines infected with powdery mildew. The transcriptome data provide novel insights into cucumber response to powdery mildew infection and the identified pathogen resistance genes will be highly useful for breeding efforts to enhance the resistance of cucumber to powdery mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zheng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jinan, China
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Huanshan University, Huangshan, China
| | - M Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jinan, China
| | - Z Zhuo
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Y Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jinan, China
| | - X Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jinan, China
| | - Y Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jinan, China
| | - W Liu
- College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Jinan, China
| | - W Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Shandong Branch of National Vegetable Improvement Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Jinan, China
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Su P, Zhao L, Li W, Zhao J, Yan J, Ma X, Li A, Wang H, Kong L. Integrated metabolo-transcriptomics and functional characterization reveals that the wheat auxin receptor TIR1 negatively regulates defense against Fusarium graminearum. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:340-352. [PMID: 32678930 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe (teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Perch) results in large yield losses in annual global wheat production. Although studies have identified a number of wheat FHB resistance genes, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying host plant resistance to F. graminearum is required for the control of FHB. Here, an integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis of infected wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) enabled identification of 789 differentially accumulated metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolamides, tryptamine derivatives, and phytohormones, and revealed altered expression of more than 100 genes that function in the biosynthesis or regulation of these pathways. Our data regarding the effects of F. graminearum infection on flavonoids and auxin signaling led to follow-up experiments that showed that exogenous kaempferide and apigenin application on spikes increased wheat resistance to FHB, while exogenous auxin treatment increased FHB susceptibility. RNAi-mediated knockdown of the gene encoding the auxin receptor, TaTIR1, increased FHB resistance. Our data supported the use of TaTIR1 knockdown in controlling FHB. Our study provides insights on the wheat response to F. graminearum infection and its FHB resistance mechanisms while illustrating the potential of TaTIR1 knockdown in increasing FHB resistance during crop improvement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Lanfei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Jinxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Jun Yan
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Anfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Lingrang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
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Fernandes SB, Zhang KS, Jamann TM, Lipka AE. How Well Can Multivariate and Univariate GWAS Distinguish Between True and Spurious Pleiotropy? Front Genet 2021; 11:602526. [PMID: 33584799 PMCID: PMC7873880 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.602526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of the simultaneous contributions of loci to multiple traits, a phenomenon called pleiotropy, is facilitated by the increased availability of high-throughput genotypic and phenotypic data. To understand the prevalence and nature of pleiotropy, the ability of multivariate and univariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) models to distinguish between pleiotropic and non-pleiotropic loci in linkage disequilibrium (LD) first needs to be evaluated. Therefore, we used publicly available maize and soybean genotypic data to simulate multiple pairs of traits that were either (i) controlled by quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) on separate chromosomes, (ii) controlled by QTNs in various degrees of LD with each other, or (iii) controlled by a single pleiotropic QTN. We showed that multivariate GWAS could not distinguish between QTNs in LD and a single pleiotropic QTN. In contrast, a unique QTN detection rate pattern was observed for univariate GWAS whenever the simulated QTNs were in high LD or pleiotropic. Collectively, these results suggest that multivariate and univariate GWAS should both be used to infer whether or not causal mutations underlying peak GWAS associations are pleiotropic. Therefore, we recommend that future studies use a combination of multivariate and univariate GWAS models, as both models could be useful for identifying and narrowing down candidate loci with potential pleiotropic effects for downstream biological experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B. Fernandes
- Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | | | | | - Alexander E. Lipka
- Department of Crop Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Li ZX, Lan JB, Liu YQ, Qi LW, Tang JM. Investigation of the role of AcTPR2 in kiwifruit and its response to Botrytis cinerea infection. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:557. [PMID: 33302873 PMCID: PMC7731759 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of kiwifruit response to gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea can provide the basis for its molecular breeding to impart resistance against this disease. In this study, 'Hongyang' kiwifruit served as the experimental material; the TOPLESS/TOPLESS-RELATED (TPL/TPR) co-repressor gene AcTPR2 was cloned into a pTRV2 vector (AcTPR2-TRV) and the virus-induced gene silencing technique was used to establish the functions of the AcTPR2 gene in kiwifruit resistance to Botrytis cinerea. RESULTS Virus-induced silencing of AcTPR2 enhanced the susceptibility of kiwifruit to Botrytis cinerea. Defensive enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and endogenous phytohormones such as indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA3), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA) were detected. Kiwifruit activated these enzymes and endogenous phytohormones in response to pathogen-induced stress and injury. The expression levels of the IAA signaling genes-AcNIT, AcARF1, and AcARF2-were higher in the AcTPR2-TRV treatment group than in the control. The IAA levels were higher and the rot phenotype was more severe in AcTPR2-TRV kiwifruits than that in the control. These results suggested that AcTPR2 downregulation promotes expression of IAA and IAA signaling genes and accelerates postharvest kiwifruit senescence. Further, Botrytis cinerea dramatically upregulated AcTPR2, indicating that AcTPR2 augments kiwifruit defense against pathogens by downregulating the IAA and IAA signaling genes. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study could help clarify the regulatory mechanisms of disease resistance in kiwifruit and furnish genetic resources for molecular breeding of kiwifruit disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Xin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/ Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Bin Lan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/ Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Qing Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/ Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, P.R. China
| | - Li-Wang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, P.R. China.
| | - Jian-Min Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Special Plant Industry in Chongqing, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/ Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, 402160, P.R. China.
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Xie X, Chen Z, Zhang B, Guan H, Zheng Y, Lan T, Zhang J, Qin M, Wu W. Transcriptome analysis of xa5-mediated resistance to bacterial leaf streak in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:19439. [PMID: 33173096 PMCID: PMC7656458 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74515-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial leaf steak (BLS) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) is a devastating disease in rice production. The resistance to BLS in rice is a quantitatively inherited trait, of which the molecular mechanism is still unclear. It has been proved that xa5, a recessive bacterial blast resistance gene, is the most possible candidate gene of the QTL qBlsr5a for BLS resistance. To study the molecular mechanism of xa5 function in BLS resistance, we created transgenic lines with RNAi of Xa5 (LOC_Os05g01710) and used RNA-seq to analyze the transcriptomes of a Xa5-RNAi line and the wild-type line at 9 h after inoculation with Xoc, with the mock inoculation as control. We found that Xa5-RNAi could (1) increase the resistance to BLS as expected from xa5; (2) alter (mainly up-regulate) the expression of hundreds of genes, most of which were related to disease resistance; and (3) greatly enhance the response of thousands of genes to Xoc infection, especially of the genes involved in cell death pathways. The results suggest that xa5 is the cause of BLS-resistance of QTL qBlsr5a and it displays BLS resistance effect probably mainly because of the enhanced response of the cell death-related genes to Xoc infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Binghui Zhang
- Institute of Tobacco Science, Fujian Provincial Tobacco Company, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huazhong Guan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Lan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiren Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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50
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Panthapulakkal Narayanan S, Lung SC, Liao P, Lo C, Chye ML. The overexpression of OsACBP5 protects transgenic rice against necrotrophic, hemibiotrophic and biotrophic pathogens. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14918. [PMID: 32913218 PMCID: PMC7483469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71851-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The most devastating diseases in rice (Oryza sativa) are sheath blight caused by the fungal necrotroph Rhizoctonia solani, rice blast by hemibiotrophic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, and leaf blight by bacterial biotroph Xanthomonas oryzae (Xoo). It has been reported that the Class III acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) such as those from dicots (Arabidopsis and grapevine) play a role in defence against biotrophic pathogens. Of the six Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ACBPs, AtACBP3 conferred protection in transgenic Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas syringae, but not the necrotrophic fungus, Botrytis cinerea. Similar to Arabidopsis, rice possesses six ACBPs, designated OsACBPs. The aims of this study were to test whether OsACBP5, the homologue of AtACBP3, can confer resistance against representative necrotrophic, hemibiotrophic and biotrophic phytopathogens and to understand the mechanisms in protection. Herein, when OsACBP5 was overexpressed in rice, the OsACBP5-overexpressing (OsACBP5-OE) lines exhibited enhanced disease resistance against representative necrotrophic (R. solani & Cercospora oryzae), hemibiotrophic (M. oryzae & Fusarium graminearum) and biotrophic (Xoo) phytopathogens. Progeny from a cross between OsACBP5-OE9 and the jasmonate (JA)-signalling deficient mutant were more susceptible than the wild type to infection by the necrotroph R. solani. In contrast, progeny from a cross between OsACBP5-OE9 and the salicylic acid (SA)-signalling deficient mutant was more susceptible to infection by the hemibiotroph M. oryzae and biotroph Xoo. Hence, enhanced resistance of OsACBP5-OEs against representative necrotrophs appears to be JA-dependent whilst that to (hemi)biotrophs is SA-mediated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiu-Cheung Lung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pan Liao
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clive Lo
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.
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