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Uzaki M, Mori T, Sato M, Wakazaki M, Takeda-Kamiya N, Yamamoto K, Murakami A, Guerrero DAS, Shichijo C, Ohnishi M, Ishizaki K, Fukaki H, O'Connor SE, Toyooka K, Mimura T, Hirai MY. Integration of cell differentiation and initiation of monoterpenoid indole alkaloid metabolism in seed germination of Catharanthus roseus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1156-1171. [PMID: 38513692 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
In Catharanthus roseus, monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) are produced through the cooperation of four cell types, with final products accumulating in specialized cells known as idioblasts and laticifers. To explore the relationship between cellular differentiation and cell type-specific MIA metabolism, we analyzed the expression of MIA biosynthesis in germinating seeds. Embryos from immature and mature seeds were observed via stereomicroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and electron microscopy. Time-series MIA and iridoid quantification, along with transcriptome analysis, were conducted to determine the initiation of MIA biosynthesis. In addition, the localization of MIAs was examined using alkaloid staining and imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). Laticifers were present in embryos before seed maturation. MIA biosynthesis commenced 12 h after germination. MIAs accumulated in laticifers of embryos following seed germination, and MIA metabolism is induced after germination in a tissue-specific manner. These findings suggest that cellular morphological differentiation precedes metabolic differentiation. Considering the well-known toxicity and defense role of MIAs in matured plants, MIAs may be an important defense strategy already in the delicate developmental phase of seed germination, and biosynthesis and accumulation of MIAs may require the tissue and cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Uzaki
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mayumi Wakazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Noriko Takeda-Kamiya
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yamamoto
- School of Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Akio Murakami
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Delia Ayled Serna Guerrero
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Chizuko Shichijo
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Miwa Ohnishi
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Fukaki
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, D-07745, Germany
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Mimura
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- The Institute for Sustainable Agro-ecosystem Services, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 188-0002, Japan
- Faculty of Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, 621-8555, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
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Zhuang X, Li R, Jiang L. A century journey of organelles research in the plant endomembrane system. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1312-1333. [PMID: 38226685 PMCID: PMC11062446 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
We are entering an exciting century in the study of the plant organelles in the endomembrane system. Over the past century, especially within the past 50 years, tremendous advancements have been made in the complex plant cell to generate a much clearer and informative picture of plant organelles, including the molecular/morphological features, dynamic/spatial behavior, and physiological functions. Importantly, all these discoveries and achievements in the identification and characterization of organelles in the endomembrane system would not have been possible without: (1) the innovations and timely applications of various state-of-art cell biology tools and technologies for organelle biology research; (2) the continuous efforts in developing and characterizing new organelle markers by the plant biology community; and (3) the landmark studies on the identification and characterization of the elusive organelles. While molecular aspects and results for individual organelles have been extensively reviewed, the development of the techniques for organelle research in plant cell biology is less appreciated. As one of the ASPB Centennial Reviews on "organelle biology," here we aim to take a journey across a century of organelle biology research in plants by highlighting the important tools (or landmark technologies) and key scientists that contributed to visualize organelles. We then highlight the landmark studies leading to the identification and characterization of individual organelles in the plant endomembrane systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruixi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Shao X, Xu H, Pimpl P. Nanobody-based VSR7 tracing shows clathrin-dependent TGN to Golgi recycling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6926. [PMID: 37903761 PMCID: PMC10616157 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-mediated transport of soluble proteins is nature's key to empowering eukaryotic cells to access a plethora of macromolecules, either by direct accumulation or as products from resulting biochemical pathways. The transport efficiency of these mechanisms results from the receptor's capability to capture, transport, and release ligands on the one hand and the cycling ability that allows for performing multiple rounds of ligand transport on the other. However, the plant VACUOLAR SORTING RECEPTOR (VSR) protein family is diverse, and their ligand-specificity and bidirectional trafficking routes and transport mechanisms remain highly controversial. Here we employ nanobody-epitope interaction-based molecular tools to assess the function of the VSR 7 in vivo. We demonstrate the specificity of the VSR7 for sequence-specific vacuolar sorting signals, and we trace its anterograde transport and retrograde recycling route. VSR7 localizes at the cis-Golgi apparatus at steady state conditions and transports ligands downstream to release them in the trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE) before undergoing clathrin-dependent recycling from the TGN/EE back to the cis-Golgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Shao
- Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Peter Pimpl
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
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4
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Zeng Y, Liang Z, Liu Z, Li B, Cui Y, Gao C, Shen J, Wang X, Zhao Q, Zhuang X, Erdmann PS, Wong KB, Jiang L. Recent advances in plant endomembrane research and new microscopical techniques. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:41-60. [PMID: 37507353 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The endomembrane system consists of various membrane-bound organelles including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network (TGN), endosomes, and the lysosome/vacuole. Membrane trafficking between distinct compartments is mainly achieved by vesicular transport. As the endomembrane compartments and the machineries regulating the membrane trafficking are largely conserved across all eukaryotes, our current knowledge on organelle biogenesis and endomembrane trafficking in plants has mainly been shaped by corresponding studies in mammals and yeast. However, unique perspectives have emerged from plant cell biology research through the characterization of plant-specific regulators as well as the development and application of the state-of-the-art microscopical techniques. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the plant endomembrane system, with a focus on several distinct pathways: ER-to-Golgi transport, protein sorting at the TGN, endosomal sorting on multivesicular bodies, vacuolar trafficking/vacuole biogenesis, and the autophagy pathway. We also give an update on advanced imaging techniques for the plant cell biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglun Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zizhen Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baiying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xiangfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philipp S Erdmann
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini, 1, Milan, I-20157, Italy
| | - Kam-Bo Wong
- Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- The CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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5
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Escudero-Feliu J, Lima-Cabello E, Rodríguez de Haro E, Morales-Santana S, Jimenez-Lopez JC. Functional Association between Storage Protein Mobilization and Redox Signaling in Narrow-Leafed Lupin ( Lupinus angustifolius L.) Seed Germination and Seedling Development. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1889. [PMID: 37895238 PMCID: PMC10606504 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Seed storage mobilization, together with oxidative metabolism, with the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle as a crucial signaling and metabolic functional crossroad, is one of the main regulators of the control of cell morphogenesis and division, a fundamental physiological process driving seed germination and seedling growth. This study aims to characterize the cellular changes, composition, and patterns of the protein mobilization and ROS-dependent gene expression of redox metabolism in Lupinus angustifolius L. (narrow-leafed lupin, NLL) cotyledons during seed germination. (2) Methods: We performed gene expression analyses via RT-qPCR for conglutins α (1, 2, and 3), β (1, 2, and 5), γ (1, 2), and δ (2 and 4), including a ubiquitin gene as a control, and for redox metabolism-related genes; GADPH was used as a control gene. A microscopic study was developed on cotyledon samples from different germination stages, including as IMB (imbibition), and 2-5, 7, 9, and 11 DAI (days after imbibition), which were processed for light microscopy. SDS-PAGE and immunocytochemistry assays were performed using an anti-β-conglutin antibody (Agrisera), and an anti-rabbit IgG Daylight 488-conjugated secondary antibody. The controls were made while omitting primary Ab. (3) Results and Discussion: Our results showed that a large amount of seed storage protein (SSP) accumulates in protein bodies (PBs) and mobilizes during germination. Families of conglutins (β and γ) may play important roles as functional and signaling molecules, beyond the storage function, at intermediate steps of the seed germination process. In this regard, metabolic activities are closely associated with the regulation of oxidative homeostasis through AsA-GSH activities (γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine synthetase, NOS, Catalase, Cu/Zn-SOD, GPx, GR, GS, GsT) after the imbibition of NLL mature seeds, metabolism activation, and dormancy breakage, which are key molecular and regulatory signaling pathways with particular importance in morphogenesis and developmental processes. (4) Conclusions: The knowledge generated in this study provides evidence for the functional changes and cellular tightly regulated events occurring in the NLL seed cotyledon, orchestrated by the oxidative-related metabolic machinery involved in seed germination advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Escudero-Feliu
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 18008 Granada, Spain; (J.E.-F.); (E.L.-C.); (E.R.d.H.)
| | - Elena Lima-Cabello
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 18008 Granada, Spain; (J.E.-F.); (E.L.-C.); (E.R.d.H.)
| | - Esther Rodríguez de Haro
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 18008 Granada, Spain; (J.E.-F.); (E.L.-C.); (E.R.d.H.)
| | - Sonia Morales-Santana
- Proteomic Research Unit, Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.Granada), 18012 Granada, Spain;
| | - Jose C. Jimenez-Lopez
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Estacion Experimental del Zaidin, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 18008 Granada, Spain; (J.E.-F.); (E.L.-C.); (E.R.d.H.)
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
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6
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Hickey K, Nazarov T, Smertenko A. Organellomic gradients in the fourth dimension. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:98-111. [PMID: 37243543 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Organelles function as hubs of cellular metabolism and elements of cellular architecture. In addition to 3 spatial dimensions that describe the morphology and localization of each organelle, the time dimension describes complexity of the organelle life cycle, comprising formation, maturation, functioning, decay, and degradation. Thus, structurally identical organelles could be biochemically different. All organelles present in a biological system at a given moment of time constitute the organellome. The homeostasis of the organellome is maintained by complex feedback and feedforward interactions between cellular chemical reactions and by the energy demands. Synchronized changes of organelle structure, activity, and abundance in response to environmental cues generate the fourth dimension of plant polarity. Temporal variability of the organellome highlights the importance of organellomic parameters for understanding plant phenotypic plasticity and environmental resiliency. Organellomics involves experimental approaches for characterizing structural diversity and quantifying the abundance of organelles in individual cells, tissues, or organs. Expanding the arsenal of appropriate organellomics tools and determining parameters of the organellome complexity would complement existing -omics approaches in comprehending the phenomenon of plant polarity. To highlight the importance of the fourth dimension, this review provides examples of organellome plasticity during different developmental or environmental situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Hickey
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resources Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164 WA, USA
| | - Taras Nazarov
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resources Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164 WA, USA
| | - Andrei Smertenko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resources Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164 WA, USA
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Braga T, Dias FV, Fratini M, Serrazina S, Heilmann I, Malhó R. Functional Analysis of Phospholipid Signaling and Actin Dynamics: The Use of Apical Growing Tobacco Pollen Tubes in a Case Study. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2604:237-247. [PMID: 36773238 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2867-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Signaling molecules are crucial to perceive and translate intra- and extracellular cues. Phosphoinositides and the proteins responsible for their biosynthesis (e.g., lipid kinases) are known to influence the (re)organization of cytoskeletal elements, namely, through interaction with actin and actin-binding proteins. Here we describe methods to functionally characterize lipid kinases and their phosphoinositide metabolites in relation to actin dynamics. These methods include GFP-tagged protein expression followed by time-resolved live imaging and quantitative image analysis. When combined with biochemical and interaction studies, these methods can be used to correlate signaling with actin dynamics, microfilament assembly, and intracellular trafficking, linking structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Braga
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Vaz Dias
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marta Fratini
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology/Plant Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Susana Serrazina
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology/Plant Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rui Malhó
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Lisbon, Portugal.
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8
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Hirano T, Okamoto A, Oda Y, Sakamoto T, Takeda S, Matsuura T, Ikeda Y, Higaki T, Kimura S, Sato MH. Ab-GALFA, A bioassay for insect gall formation using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2554. [PMID: 36781988 PMCID: PMC9925437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect galls are abnormal plant organs formed by gall-inducing insects to provide shelter and nutrients for themselves. Although insect galls are spatialized complex structures with unique shapes and functions, the molecular mechanism of the gall formation and the screening system for the gall inducing effectors remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that an extract of a gall-inducing aphid, Schlechtendalia chinensis, induces an abnormal structure in the root-tip region of Arabidopsis seedlings. The abnormal structure is composed of stem-like cells, vascular, and protective tissues, as observed in typical insect galls. Furthermore, we confirm similarities in the gene expression profiles between the aphid-treated seedlings and the early developmental stages of Rhus javanica galls formed by S. chinensis. Based on the results, we propose a model system for analyzing the molecular mechanisms of gall formation: the Arabidopsis-based Gall-Forming Assay (Ab-GALFA). Ab-GALFA could be used not only as a model to elucidate the mechanisms underlying gall formation, but also as a bioassay system to isolate insect effector molecules of gall-induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hirano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-Hangi-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
- Center for Frontier Natural History, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-Hangi-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Ayaka Okamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-Hangi-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Oda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Laboratory of Plant Ecological and Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Department of Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Seiji Takeda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-Hangi-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
- Biotechnology Research Department, Kyoto Prefectural Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Technology Center, 74 Oji, Kitainayazuma, Seika-Cho, Soraku-Gun, Kyoto, 619-0244, Japan
| | - Takakazu Matsuura
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Yoko Ikeda
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046, Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Laboratory of Plant Ecological and Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Department of Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto, 603-8555, Japan
| | - Masa H Sato
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-Hangi-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan.
- Center for Frontier Natural History, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-Hangi-Cho, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan.
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9
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Yanagisawa M, Chuong SDX. Chloroplast Envelopes Play a Role in the Formation of Autophagy-Related Structures in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:443. [PMID: 36771525 PMCID: PMC9920391 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradation process of cytoplasmic components that is conserved in eukaryotes. One of the hallmark features of autophagy is the formation of double-membrane structures known as autophagosomes, which enclose cytoplasmic content destined for degradation. Although the membrane source for the formation of autophagosomes remains to be determined, recent studies indicate the involvement of various organelles in autophagosome biogenesis. In this study, we examined the autophagy process in Bienertia sinuspersici: one of four terrestrial plants capable of performing C4 photosynthesis in a single cell (single-cell C4 species). We demonstrated that narrow tubules (stromule-like structures) 30-50 nm in diameter appear to extend from chloroplasts to form the membrane-bound structures (autophagosomes or autophagy-related structures) in chlorenchyma cells of B. sinuspersici during senescence and under oxidative stress. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis revealed the localization of stromal proteins to the stromule-like structures, sequestering portions of the cytoplasm in chlorenchyma cells of oxidative stress-treated leaves of B. sinuspersici and Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, the fluorescent marker for autophagosomes GFP-ATG8, colocalized with the autophagic vacuole maker neutral red in punctate structures in close proximity to the chloroplasts of cells under oxidative stress conditions. Together our results implicate a role for chloroplast envelopes in the autophagy process induced during senescence or under certain stress conditions in plants.
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10
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Gouveia B, Kim Y, Shaevitz JW, Petry S, Stone HA, Brangwynne CP. Capillary forces generated by biomolecular condensates. Nature 2022; 609:255-264. [PMID: 36071192 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation and related phase transitions have emerged as generic mechanisms in living cells for the formation of membraneless compartments or biomolecular condensates. The surface between two immiscible phases has an interfacial tension, generating capillary forces that can perform work on the surrounding environment. Here we present the physical principles of capillarity, including examples of how capillary forces structure multiphase condensates and remodel biological substrates. As with other mechanisms of intracellular force generation, for example, molecular motors, capillary forces can influence biological processes. Identifying the biomolecular determinants of condensate capillarity represents an exciting frontier, bridging soft matter physics and cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Gouveia
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Yoonji Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Sabine Petry
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Howard A Stone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Clifford P Brangwynne
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. .,The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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11
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Ren Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Pan T, Duan E, Bao X, Zhu J, Teng X, Zhang P, Gu C, Dong H, Wang F, Wang Y, Bao Y, Wang Y, Wan J. Endomembrane-mediated storage protein trafficking in plants: Golgi-dependent or Golgi-independent? FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2215-2230. [PMID: 35615915 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Seed storage proteins (SSPs) accumulated within plant seeds constitute the major protein nutrition sources for human and livestock. SSPs are synthesized on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then deposited in plant-specific protein bodies (PBs), including ER-derived PBs and protein storage vacuoles (PSVs). Plant seeds have evolved a distinct endomembrane system to accomplish SSP transport. There are two distinct types of trafficking pathways contributing to SSP delivery to PSVs, one Golgi-dependent and the other Golgi-independent. In recent years, molecular, genetic and biochemical studies have shed light on the complex network controlling SSP trafficking, to which both evolutionarily conserved molecular machineries and plant-unique regulators contribute. In this review, we discuss current knowledge of PB biogenesis and endomembrane-mediated SSP transport, focusing on ER export and post-Golgi traffic. These knowledges support a dominant role for the Golgi-dependent pathways in SSP transport in Arabidopsis and rice. In addition, we describe cutting-edge strategies to dissect the endomembrane trafficking system in plant seeds to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tian Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Erchao Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiuhao Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuan Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chuanwei Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hui Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fan Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yiqun Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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12
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Cao W, Li Z, Huang S, Shi Y, Zhu Y, Lai MN, Lok PL, Wang X, Cui Y, Jiang L. Correlation of vacuole morphology with stomatal lineage development by whole-cell electron tomography. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:2085-2100. [PMID: 35134219 PMCID: PMC8968265 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movement is essential for plants to optimize transpiration and therefore photosynthesis. Rapid changes in the stomatal aperture are accompanied by adjustment of vacuole volume and morphology in guard cells (GCs). In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf epidermis, stomatal development undergoes a cell-fate transition including four stomatal lineage cells: meristemoid, guard mother cell, young GC, and GC. Little is known about the mechanism underlying vacuole dynamics and vacuole formation during stomatal development. Here, we utilized whole-cell electron tomography (ET) analysis to elucidate vacuole morphology, formation, and development in different stages of stomatal lineage cells at nanometer resolution. The whole-cell ET models demonstrated that large vacuoles were generated from small vacuole stepwise fusion/maturation along stomatal development stages. Further ET analyses verified the existence of swollen intraluminal vesicles inside distinct vacuoles at certain developmental stages of stomatal lineage cells, implying a role of multivesicular body fusion in stomatal vacuole formation. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a mechanism mediating vacuole formation in Arabidopsis stomatal development and may shed light on the role of vacuoles in stomatal movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhenping Li
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuxian Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuwei Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Nga Lai
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pui Lok Lok
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiangfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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13
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Kang BH, Anderson CT, Arimura SI, Bayer E, Bezanilla M, Botella MA, Brandizzi F, Burch-Smith TM, Chapman KD, Dünser K, Gu Y, Jaillais Y, Kirchhoff H, Otegui MS, Rosado A, Tang Y, Kleine-Vehn J, Wang P, Zolman BK. A glossary of plant cell structures: Current insights and future questions. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:10-52. [PMID: 34633455 PMCID: PMC8846186 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this glossary of plant cell structures, we asked experts to summarize a present-day view of plant organelles and structures, including a discussion of outstanding questions. In the following short reviews, the authors discuss the complexities of the plant cell endomembrane system, exciting connections between organelles, novel insights into peroxisome structure and function, dynamics of mitochondria, and the mysteries that need to be unlocked from the plant cell wall. These discussions are focused through a lens of new microscopy techniques. Advanced imaging has uncovered unexpected shapes, dynamics, and intricate membrane formations. With a continued focus in the next decade, these imaging modalities coupled with functional studies are sure to begin to unravel mysteries of the plant cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology and Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - Shin-ichi Arimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emmanuelle Bayer
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, Villenave d'Ornon F-33140, France
| | - Magdalena Bezanilla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Miguel A Botella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortifruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora,” Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Tessa M Burch-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Kent D Chapman
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | - Kai Dünser
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP) University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Yangnan Gu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Helmut Kirchhoff
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Abel Rosado
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP) University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bethany Karlin Zolman
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
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14
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Pereira C, Di Sansebastiano GP. Mechanisms of membrane traffic in plant cells. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:102-111. [PMID: 34775176 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The organelles of the secretory pathway are characterized by specific organization and function but they communicate in different ways with intense functional crosstalk. The best known membrane-bound transport carriers are known as protein-coated vesicles. Other traffic mechanisms, despite the intense investigations, still show incongruences. The review intends to provide a general view of the mechanisms involved in membrane traffic. We evidence that organelles' biogenesis involves mechanisms that actively operate during the entire cell cycle and the persistent interconnections between the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network (TGN) and endosomes, the vacuolar complex and the plasma membrane (PM) may be seen as a very dynamic membrane network in which vesicular traffic is part of a general maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Pereira
- GreenUPorto-Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, S/nº, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Gian Pietro Di Sansebastiano
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DISTEBA), University of Salento, Campus ECOTEKNE, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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15
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Kusumaatmaja H, May AI, Knorr RL. Intracellular wetting mediates contacts between liquid compartments and membrane-bound organelles. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212595. [PMID: 34427635 PMCID: PMC8404468 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-rich droplets, such as stress granules, P-bodies, and the nucleolus, perform diverse and specialized cellular functions. Recent evidence has shown the droplets, which are also known as biomolecular condensates or membrane-less compartments, form by phase separation. Many droplets also contact membrane-bound organelles, thereby functioning in development, intracellular degradation, and organization. These underappreciated interactions have major implications for our fundamental understanding of cells. Starting with a brief introduction to wetting phenomena, we summarize recent progress in the emerging field of droplet-membrane contact. We describe the physical mechanism of droplet-membrane interactions, discuss how these interactions remodel droplets and membranes, and introduce "membrane scaffolding" by liquids as a novel reshaping mechanism, thereby demonstrating that droplet-membrane interactions are elastic wetting phenomena. "Membrane-less" and "membrane-bound" condensates likely represent distinct wetting states that together link phase separation with mechanosensitivity and explain key structures observed during embryogenesis, during autophagy, and at synapses. We therefore contend that droplet wetting on membranes provides a robust and intricate means of intracellular organization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander I May
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan.,Cell Biology Center, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Roland L Knorr
- Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Integrative Research Institute for the Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Jiang YT, Yang LH, Ferjani A, Lin WH. Multiple functions of the vacuole in plant growth and fruit quality. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2021; 1:4. [PMID: 37789408 PMCID: PMC10509827 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-021-00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Vacuoles are organelles in plant cells that play pivotal roles in growth and developmental regulation. The main functions of vacuoles include maintaining cell acidity and turgor pressure, regulating the storage and transport of substances, controlling the transport and localization of key proteins through the endocytic and lysosomal-vacuolar transport pathways, and responding to biotic and abiotic stresses. Further, proteins localized either in the tonoplast (vacuolar membrane) or inside the vacuole lumen are critical for fruit quality. In this review, we summarize and discuss some of the emerging functions and regulatory mechanisms associated with plant vacuoles, including vacuole biogenesis, vacuole functions in plant growth and development, fruit quality, and plant-microbe interaction, as well as some innovative research technology that has driven advances in the field. Together, the functions of plant vacuoles are important for plant growth and fruit quality. The investigation of vacuole functions in plants is of great scientific significance and has potential applications in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tong Jiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lu-Han Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ali Ferjani
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei-shi, 184-8501, Japan
| | - Wen-Hui Lin
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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17
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Lin Z, Wang YL, Cheng LS, Zhou LL, Xu QT, Liu DC, Deng XY, Mei FZ, Zhou ZQ. Mutual regulation of ROS accumulation and cell autophagy in wheat roots under hypoxia stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 158:91-102. [PMID: 33302125 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Here, we explored the mutual regulation of radical oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots under hypoxia stress. We also analyzed differences between the responses of the stele and the cortex in the two wheat cultivars Huamai 8 (waterlogging-tolerant) and Huamai 9 (waterlogging-sensitive) to hypoxia stress. In situ detection and ultracytochemical localization analysis in wheat roots showed that hypoxia stress caused greater increases in ROS levels and the expression levels of alternative oxidase (AOX) and antioxidant enzymes in the stele than in the cortex. The analysis of exogenous ROS addition and the inhibition of its production revealed the pivotal roles played by ROS in autophagy. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy and qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the stele had a higher level of autophagy than the cortex and that the two wheat cultivars primarily differed in the type and number of autophagosomes. Additional research revealed that autophagy could remove excess ROS, as pre-treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine increased ROS levels in roots and the addition of the autophagy inducer rapamycin reduced root ROS levels. In conclusion, hypoxia stress induced ROS accumulation in wheat roots where ROS acted as an autophagy signal. Furthermore, higher levels of autophagy and antioxidant enzyme expression in the stele facilitated the elimination of oxidative damage caused by excessive ROS and thereby increased cell survival; in the cortex, a large number of cells died and formed aerenchyma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Lin
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yue-Li Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Sha Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Li-Lang Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qiu-Tao Xu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Dong-Cheng Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang-Yi Deng
- College of Food and Biological Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Fang-Zhu Mei
- College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhu-Qing Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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18
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Lee SE, Yoon IS, Hwang YS. Aquaporin activity of barley tonoplast intrinsic proteins is involved in the delay of the coalescence of protein storage vacuoles in aleurone cells. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 251:153186. [PMID: 32502917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The coalescence of protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) is one of the most prominent cellular changes occurring in cereal aleurone cells during germination. This structural change is highly coupled with the functional transition of this organelle from a storage compartment to a lytic section. Gibberellic acid (GA) promotes this process, whereas abscisic acid (ABA) prevents it. Previously, we demonstrated that ABA-inducible HvTIP3;1 plays a decisive role in ABA-mediated prevention of PSV fusion. In this follow-up study, we examined whether the aquaporin activity of tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP) is related to its preventive effect on PSV fusion using various functional mutants. The defective forms of aquaporin (HvTIP3;1m and HvTIP3;1ΔNPA-GFPs for HvTIP3;1, and HvTIP1;2m for HvTIP1;2) were found to be less effective than the usual form in delaying the PSV fusion process occurring in GA-treated cells. In contrast, overexpression of HvTIP3;1m reduced the preventive effect of ABA on PSV fusion. Upon inhibition of aquaporin activity using mercury, PSV fusion occurred to a greater extent in ABA-treated barley protoplasts. These data suggest that the aquaporin activity of TIP is involved in the deterrent effect of TIP on PSV coalescence. TIP3-GFP barley transgenic seeds showed prolonged expression of the TIP3;1 transcript. Moreover, PSV fusion progressed at a much slower rate compared to wild type. Additionally, the degradation of storage proteins was not as efficient, suggesting that a metamorphic transition of PSVs to lytic organelles is closely correlated with the disappearance of HvTIPs and the PSV fusion process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sun Yoon
- Gene Engineering Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju 565-851, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sic Hwang
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Cao Y, Cai W, Chen X, Chen M, Chu J, Liang W, Persson S, Liu Z, Zhang D. Bright Fluorescent Vacuolar Marker Lines Allow Vacuolar Tracing Across Multiple Tissues and Stress Conditions in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4203. [PMID: 32545623 PMCID: PMC7352260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The vacuole is indispensable for cells to maintain their water potential and to respond to environmental changes. Nevertheless, investigations of vacuole morphology and its functions have been limited to Arabidopsis thaliana with few studies in the model crop rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we report the establishment of bright rice vacuole fluorescent reporter systems using OsTIP1;1, a tonoplast water channel protein, fused to either an enhanced green fluorescent protein or an mCherry red fluorescent protein. We used the corresponding transgenic rice lines to trace the vacuole morphology in roots, leaves, anthers, and pollen grains. Notably, we observed dynamic changes in vacuole morphologies in pollen and root epidermis that corresponded to their developmental states as well as vacuole shape alterations in response to abiotic stresses. Our results indicate that the application of our vacuole markers may aid in understanding rice vacuole function and structure across different tissues and environmental conditions in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Cao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (M.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Wenguo Cai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (M.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
- Flow Station of Post-doctoral Scientific Research, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (M.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Mingjiao Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (M.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Jianjun Chu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (M.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (M.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Staffan Persson
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (M.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria 3010, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zengyu Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (M.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; (Y.C.); (W.C.); (X.C.); (M.C.); (J.C.); (W.L.); (S.P.)
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, South Australia 5064, Australia
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20
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Cui Y, Zhao Q, Hu S, Jiang L. Vacuole Biogenesis in Plants: How Many Vacuoles, How Many Models? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:538-548. [PMID: 32407694 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Vacuoles are the largest membrane-bounded organelles and have essential roles in plant growth and development, but several important questions on the biogenesis and dynamics of lytic vacuoles (LVs) remain. Here, we summarize and discuss recent research and models of vacuole formation, and propose, with testable hypotheses, that besides inherited vacuoles, plant cells can also synthesize LVs de novo from multiple organelles and routes in response to growth and development or external factors. Therefore, LVs may be further classified into different subgroups and/or populations with different pH, cargos, and functions, among which multivesicular body (MVB)-derived small vacuoles are the main source for central vacuole formation in arabidopsis root cortical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Qiong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuai Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China; CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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Choi MG, Kim EJ, Song JY, Choi SB, Cho SW, Park CS, Kang CS, Park YI. Peptide transporter2 (PTR2) enhances water uptake during early seed germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:615-624. [PMID: 31997111 PMCID: PMC7062858 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00967-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
PTR2 in Arabidopsis thaliana is negatively regulated by ABI4 and plays a key role in water uptake by seeds, ensuring that imbibed seeds proceed to germination. Peptide transporters (PTRs) transport nitrogen-containing substrates in a proton-dependent manner. Among the six PTRs in Arabidopsis thaliana, the physiological role of the tonoplast-localized, seed embryo abundant PTR2 is unknown. In the present study, a molecular physiological analysis of PTR2 was conducted using ptr2 mutants and PTR2CO complementation lines. Compared with the wild type, the ptr2 mutant showed ca. 6 h delay in testa rupture and consequently endosperm rupture because of 17% lower water content and 10% higher free abscisic acid (ABA) content. Constitutive overexpression of the PTR2 gene under the control of the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter in ptr2 mutants rescued the mutant phenotypes. After cold stratification, a transient increase in ABA INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4) transcript levels during induction of testa rupture was followed by a similar increase in PTR2 transcript levels, which peaked prior to endosperm rupture. The PTR2 promoter region containing multiple CCAC motifs was recognized by ABI4 in electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and PTR2 expression was repressed by 67% in ABI4 overexpression lines compared with the wild type, suggesting that PTR2 is an immediate downstream target of ABI4. Taken together, the results suggest that ABI4-dependent temporal regulation of PTR2 expression may influence water status during seed germination to promote the post-germinative growth of imbibed seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Goo Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Joong Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bong Choi
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, 17058, Gyunggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Woo Cho
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soo Park
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Chon-Sik Kang
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn-Il Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Phosphorylation of TIP3 Aquaporins during Phaseolus vulgaris Embryo Development. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111362. [PMID: 31683651 PMCID: PMC6912600 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The membrane phosphoproteome in plant seed changes dynamically during embryo development. We examined the patterns of Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) seed membrane protein phosphorylation from the mid-maturation stage until two days after germination. Serine and threonine phosphorylation declined during seed maturation while tyrosine phosphorylation remained relatively constant. We discovered that the aquaporin PvTIP3;1 is the primary seed membrane phosphoprotein, and PvTIP3;2 shows a very low level of expression. The level of phosphorylated Ser7 in PvTIP3;1 increased four-fold after seed maturation. Since phosphorylation increases water channel activity, we infer that water transport by PvTIP3;1 is highest in dry and germinating seeds, which would be optimal for seed imbibition. By the use of isoform-specific, polyclonal peptide antibodies, we found that PvTIP3;2 is expressed in a developmental pattern similar to PvTIP3;1. Unexpectedly, PvTIP3;2 is tyrosine phosphorylated following seed maturation, which may suggest a mechanism for the regulation of PvTIP3;2 following seed germination. Analysis of protein secondary structure by circular dichroism spectroscopy indicated that the amino-terminal domain of PvTIP3;1 is generally unstructured, and phosphorylation increases polyproline II (PPII) helical structure. The carboxy-terminal domain also gains PPII character, but in a pH-dependent manner. These structural changes are a first step to understand TIP3 aquaporin regulation.
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23
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Tan X, Li K, Wang Z, Zhu K, Tan X, Cao J. A Review of Plant Vacuoles: Formation, Located Proteins, and Functions. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8090327. [PMID: 31491897 PMCID: PMC6783984 DOI: 10.3390/plants8090327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vacuoles, cellular membrane-bound organelles, are the largest compartments of cells, occupying up to 90% of the volume of plant cells. Vacuoles are formed by the biosynthetic and endocytotic pathways. In plants, the vacuole is crucial for growth and development and has a variety of functions, including storage and transport, intracellular environmental stability, and response to injury. Depending on the cell type and growth conditions, the size of vacuoles is highly dynamic. Different types of cell vacuoles store different substances, such as alkaloids, protein enzymes, inorganic salts, sugars, etc., and play important roles in multiple signaling pathways. Here, we summarize vacuole formation, types, vacuole-located proteins, and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Tan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Kaixia Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Keming Zhu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Jun Cao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Footitt S, Clewes R, Feeney M, Finch‐Savage WE, Frigerio L. Aquaporins influence seed dormancy and germination in response to stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2325-2339. [PMID: 30986891 PMCID: PMC6767449 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins influence water flow in plants, yet little is known of their involvement in the water-driven process of seed germination. We therefore investigated their role in seeds in the laboratory and under field and global warming conditions. We mapped the expression of tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) during dormancy cycling and during germination under normal and water stress conditions. We found that the two key tonoplast aquaporins, TIP3;1 and TIP3;2, which have previously been implicated in water or solute transport, respectively, act antagonistically to modulate the response to abscisic acid, with TIP3;1 being a positive and TIP3;2 a negative regulator. A third isoform, TIP4;1, which is normally expressed upon completion of germination, was found to play an earlier role during water stress. Seed TIPs also contribute to the regulation of depth of primary dormancy and differences in the induction of secondary dormancy during dormancy cycling. Protein and gene expression during annual cycling under field conditions and a global warming scenario further illustrate this role. We propose that the different responses of the seed TIP contribute to mechanisms that influence dormancy status and the timing of germination under variable soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Footitt
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickWarwickshireCV4 7ALUK
| | - Rachel Clewes
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickWarwickshireCV4 7ALUK
| | - Mistianne Feeney
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickWarwickshireCV4 7ALUK
| | | | - Lorenzo Frigerio
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickWarwickshireCV4 7ALUK
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25
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Cui Y, Cao W, He Y, Zhao Q, Wakazaki M, Zhuang X, Gao J, Zeng Y, Gao C, Ding Y, Wong HY, Wong WS, Lam HK, Wang P, Ueda T, Rojas-Pierce M, Toyooka K, Kang BH, Jiang L. A whole-cell electron tomography model of vacuole biogenesis in Arabidopsis root cells. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:95-105. [PMID: 30559414 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0328-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant vacuoles are dynamic organelles that play essential roles in regulating growth and development. Two distinct models of vacuole biogenesis have been proposed: separate vacuoles are formed by the fusion of endosomes, or the single interconnected vacuole is derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. These two models are based on studies of two-dimensional (2D) transmission electron microscopy and 3D confocal imaging, respectively. Here, we performed 3D electron tomography at nanometre resolution to illustrate vacuole biogenesis in Arabidopsis root cells. The whole-cell electron tomography analysis first identified unique small vacuoles (SVs; 400-1,000 nm in diameter) as nascent vacuoles in early developmental cortical cells. These SVs contained intraluminal vesicles and were mainly derived/matured from multivesicular body (MVB) fusion. The whole-cell vacuole models and statistical analysis on wild-type root cells of different vacuole developmental stages demonstrated that central vacuoles were derived from MVB-to-SV transition and subsequent fusions of SVs. Further electron tomography analysis on mutants defective in MVB formation/maturation or vacuole fusion demonstrated that central vacuole formation required functional MVBs and membrane fusion machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wenhan Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yilin He
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mayumi Wakazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiayang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yonglun Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hiu Yan Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Shing Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ham Karen Lam
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Marcela Rojas-Pierce
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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26
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Cui Y, Cao W, He Y, Zhao Q, Wakazaki M, Zhuang X, Gao J, Zeng Y, Gao C, Ding Y, Wong HY, Wong WS, Lam HK, Wang P, Ueda T, Rojas-Pierce M, Toyooka K, Kang BH, Jiang L. A whole-cell electron tomography model of vacuole biogenesis in Arabidopsis root cells. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:95-105. [PMID: 30559414 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-018-0328-321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant vacuoles are dynamic organelles that play essential roles in regulating growth and development. Two distinct models of vacuole biogenesis have been proposed: separate vacuoles are formed by the fusion of endosomes, or the single interconnected vacuole is derived from the endoplasmic reticulum. These two models are based on studies of two-dimensional (2D) transmission electron microscopy and 3D confocal imaging, respectively. Here, we performed 3D electron tomography at nanometre resolution to illustrate vacuole biogenesis in Arabidopsis root cells. The whole-cell electron tomography analysis first identified unique small vacuoles (SVs; 400-1,000 nm in diameter) as nascent vacuoles in early developmental cortical cells. These SVs contained intraluminal vesicles and were mainly derived/matured from multivesicular body (MVB) fusion. The whole-cell vacuole models and statistical analysis on wild-type root cells of different vacuole developmental stages demonstrated that central vacuoles were derived from MVB-to-SV transition and subsequent fusions of SVs. Further electron tomography analysis on mutants defective in MVB formation/maturation or vacuole fusion demonstrated that central vacuole formation required functional MVBs and membrane fusion machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wenhan Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yilin He
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mayumi Wakazaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiayang Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yonglun Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hiu Yan Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing Shing Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ham Karen Lam
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Marcela Rojas-Pierce
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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27
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Phosphoinositides control the localization of HOPS subunit VPS41, which together with VPS33 mediates vacuole fusion in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8305-E8314. [PMID: 30104351 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807763115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The vacuole is an essential organelle in plant cells, and its dynamic nature is important for plant growth and development. Homotypic membrane fusion is required for vacuole biogenesis, pollen germination, stomata opening, and gravity perception. Known components of the vacuole fusion machinery in eukaryotes include SNARE proteins, Rab GTPases, phosphoinositides, and the homotypic fusion and vacuolar protein sorting (HOPS) tethering complex. HOPS function is not well characterized in plants, but roles in embryogenesis and pollen tube elongation have been reported. Here, we show that Arabidopsis HOPS subunits VPS33 and VPS41 accumulate in late endosomes and that VPS41, but not VPS33, accumulates in the tonoplast via a wortmannin-sensitive process. VPS41 and VPS33 proteins bind to liposomes, but this binding is inhibited by phosphatidylinosiltol-3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P] and PtdIns(3,5)P2, which implicates a nonconserved mechanism for HOPS recruitment in plants. Inducible knockdown of VPS41 resulted in dramatic vacuole fragmentation phenotypes and demonstrated a critical role for HOPS in vacuole fusion. Furthermore, we provide evidence for genetic interactions between VPS41 and VTI11 SNARE that regulate vacuole fusion, and the requirement of a functional SNARE complex for normal VPS41 and VPS33 localization. Finally, we provide evidence to support VPS33 and SYP22 at the initial stage for HOPS-SNARE interactions, which is similar to other eukaryotes. These results highlight both conserved and specific mechanisms for HOPS recruitment and function during vacuole fusion in plants.
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28
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Liang Z, Zhu N, Mai KK, Liu Z, Tzeng D, Osteryoung KW, Zhong S, Staehelin LA, Kang BH. Thylakoid-Bound Polysomes and a Dynamin-Related Protein, FZL, Mediate Critical Stages of the Linear Chloroplast Biogenesis Program in Greening Arabidopsis Cotyledons. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:1476-1495. [PMID: 29880711 PMCID: PMC6096583 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biogenesis of the complex 3D architecture of plant thylakoids remains an unsolved problem. Here, we analyzed this process in chloroplasts of germinating Arabidopsis thaliana cotyledons using 3D electron microscopy and gene expression analyses of chloroplast proteins. Our study identified a linear developmental sequence with five assembly stages: tubulo-vesicular prothylakoids (24 h after imbibition [HAI]), sheet-like pregranal thylakoids that develop from the prothylakoids (36 HAI), proliferation of pro-grana stacks with wide tubular connections to the originating pregrana thylakoids (60 HAI), structural differentiation of pro-grana stacks and expanded stroma thylakoids (84 HAI), and conversion of the pro-grana stacks into mature grana stacks (120 HAI). Development of the planar pregranal thylakoids and the pro-grana membrane stacks coincides with the appearance of thylakoid-bound polysomes and photosystem II complex subunits at 36 HAI. ATP synthase, cytochrome b6f, and light-harvesting complex II proteins are detected at 60 HAI, while PSI proteins and the curvature-inducing CURT1A protein appear at 84 HAI. If stromal ribosome biogenesis is delayed, prothylakoids accumulate until stromal ribosomes are produced, and grana-forming thylakoids develop after polysomes bind to the thylakoid membranes. In fzo-like (fzl) mutants, in which thylakoid organization is perturbed, pro-grana stacks in cotyledons form discrete, spiral membrane compartments instead of organelle-wide membrane networks, suggesting that FZL is involved in fusing membrane compartments together. Our data demonstrate that the assembly of thylakoid protein complexes, CURT1 proteins, and FZL proteins mediate distinct and critical steps in thylakoid biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhen Liang
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keith K Mai
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhongyuna Liu
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - David Tzeng
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Silin Zhong
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - L Andrew Staehelin
- Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80306
| | - Byung-Ho Kang
- Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology, State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
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29
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Feeney M, Kittelmann M, Menassa R, Hawes C, Frigerio L. Protein Storage Vacuoles Originate from Remodeled Preexisting Vacuoles in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:241-254. [PMID: 29555788 PMCID: PMC5933143 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein storage vacuoles (PSV) are the main repository of protein in dicotyledonous seeds, but little is known about the origins of these transient organelles. PSV are hypothesized to either arise de novo or originate from the preexisting embryonic vacuole (EV) during seed maturation. Here, we tested these hypotheses by studying PSV formation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) embryos at different stages of seed maturation and recapitulated this process in Arabidopsis leaves reprogrammed to an embryogenic fate by inducing expression of the LEAFY COTYLEDON2 transcription factor. Confocal and immunoelectron microscopy indicated that both storage proteins and tonoplast proteins typical of PSV were delivered to the preexisting EV in embryos or to the lytic vacuole in reprogrammed leaf cells. In addition, sectioning through embryos at several developmental stages using serial block face scanning electron microscopy revealed the 3D architecture of forming PSV. Our results indicate that the preexisting EV is reprogrammed to become a PSV in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mistianne Feeney
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Maike Kittelmann
- Plant Cell Biology, Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Rima Menassa
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London, Ontario, Canada N5V 4T3
| | - Chris Hawes
- Plant Cell Biology, Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Frigerio
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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Babst BA, Coleman GD. Seasonal nitrogen cycling in temperate trees: Transport and regulatory mechanisms are key missing links. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 270:268-277. [PMID: 29576080 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient accumulation, one of the major ecosystem services provided by forests, is largely due to the accumulation and retention of nutrients in trees. This review focuses on seasonal cycling of nitrogen (N), often the most limiting nutrient in terrestrial ecosystems. When leaves are shed during autumn, much of the N may be resorbed and stored in the stem over winter, and then used for new stem and leaf growth in spring. A framework exists for understanding the metabolism and transport of N in leaves and stems during winter dormancy, but many of the underlying genes remain to be identified and/or verified. Transport of N during seasonal N cycling is a particularly weak link, since the physical pathways for loading and unloading of amino N to and from the phloem are poorly understood. Short-day photoperiod followed by decreasing temperatures are the environmental cues that stimulate dormancy induction, and nutrient remobilization and storage. However, beyond the involvement of phytochrome, very little is known about the signal transduction mechanisms that link environmental cues to nutrient remobilization and storage. We propose a model whereby nutrient transport and sensing plays a major role in source-sink transitions of leaves and stems during seasonal N cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Babst
- Arkansas Forest Resources Center, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Monticello, AR 71656, USA; School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Arkansas at Monticello, Monticello, AR 71656, USA.
| | - Gary D Coleman
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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AtCAP2 is crucial for lytic vacuole biogenesis during germination by positively regulating vacuolar protein trafficking. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1675-E1683. [PMID: 29378957 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717204115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein trafficking is a fundamental mechanism of subcellular organization and contributes to organellar biogenesis. AtCAP2 is an Arabidopsis homolog of the Mesembryanthemum crystallinum calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 adaptor protein 2 (McCAP2), a member of the syntaxin superfamily. Here, we show that AtCAP2 plays an important role in the conversion to the lytic vacuole (LV) during early plant development. The AtCAP2 loss-of-function mutant atcap2-1 displayed delays in protein storage vacuole (PSV) protein degradation, PSV fusion, LV acidification, and biosynthesis of several vacuolar proteins during germination. At the mature stage, atcap2-1 plants accumulated vacuolar proteins in the prevacuolar compartment (PVC) instead of the LV. In wild-type plants, AtCAP2 localizes to the PVC as a peripheral membrane protein and in the PVC compartment recruits glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase C2 (GAPC2) to the PVC. We propose that AtCAP2 contributes to LV biogenesis during early plant development by supporting the trafficking of specific proteins involved in the PSV-to-LV transition and LV acidification during early stages of plant development.
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Krüger F, Schumacher K. Pumping up the volume - vacuole biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 80:106-112. [PMID: 28694113 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture follows the need to collect CO2, solar energy, water and mineral nutrients via large surface areas. It is by the presence of a central vacuole that fills much of the cell volume that plants manage to grow at low metabolic cost. In addition vacuoles buffer the fluctuating supply of essential nutrients and help to detoxify the cytosol when plants are challenged by harmful molecules. Despite their large size and multiple important functions, our knowledge of vacuole biogenesis and the machinery underlying their amazing dynamics is still fragmentary. In this review, we try to reconcile past and present models for vacuole biogenesis with the current knowledge of multiple parallel vacuolar trafficking pathways and the molecular machineries driving membrane fusion and organelle shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falco Krüger
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, DE-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, DE-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Abstract
The plant endomembrane system is an extensively connected functional unit for exchanging material between compartments. Secretory and endocytic pathways allow dynamic trafficking of proteins, lipids, and other molecules, regulating a myriad of biological processes. Chemical genetics-the use of compounds to perturb biological processes in a fast, tunable, and transient manner-provides elegant tools for investigating this system. Here, we review how chemical genetics has helped to elucidate different aspects of membrane trafficking. We discuss different strategies for uncovering the modes of action of such compounds and their use in unraveling membrane trafficking regulators. We also discuss how the bioactive chemicals that are currently used as probes to interrogate endomembrane trafficking were discovered and analyze the results regarding membrane trafficking and pathway crosstalk. The integration of different expertises and the rational implementation of chemical genetic strategies will improve the identification of molecular mechanisms that drive intracellular trafficking and our understanding of how trafficking interfaces with plant physiology and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Norambuena
- Plant Molecular Biology Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, 7800024 Santiago, Chile;
| | - Ricardo Tejos
- Plant Molecular Biology Centre, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, 7800024 Santiago, Chile;
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, 111093 Iquique, Chile
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The relationship between vacuolation and initiation of PCD in rice (Oryza sativa) aleurone cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41245. [PMID: 28117452 PMCID: PMC5259747 DOI: 10.1038/srep41245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vacuole fusion is a necessary process for the establishment of a large central vacuole, which is the central location of various hydrolytic enzymes and other factors involved in death at the beginning of plant programmed cell death (PCD). In our report, the fusion of vacuoles has been presented in two ways: i) small vacuoles coalesce to form larger vacuoles through membrane fusion, and ii) larger vacuoles combine with small vacuoles when small vacuoles embed into larger vacuoles. Regardless of how fusion occurs, a large central vacuole is formed in rice (Oryza sativa) aleurone cells. Along with the development of vacuolation, the rupture of the large central vacuole leads to the loss of the intact plasma membrane and the degradation of the nucleus, resulting in cell death. Stabilizing or disrupting the structure of actin filaments (AFs) inhibits or promotes the fusion of vacuoles, which delays or induces PCD. In addition, the inhibitors of the vacuolar processing enzyme (VPE) and cathepsin B (CathB) block the occurrence of the large central vacuole and delay the progression of PCD in rice aleurone layers. Overall, our findings provide further evidence for the rupture of the large central vacuole triggering the PCD in aleruone layers.
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35
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Li Z, Waadt R, Schroeder JI. Release of GTP Exchange Factor Mediated Down-Regulation of Abscisic Acid Signal Transduction through ABA-Induced Rapid Degradation of RopGEFs. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002461. [PMID: 27192441 PMCID: PMC4871701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is critical to plant development and stress responses. Abiotic stress triggers an ABA signal transduction cascade, which is comprised of the core components PYL/RCAR ABA receptors, PP2C-type protein phosphatases, and protein kinases. Small GTPases of the ROP/RAC family act as negative regulators of ABA signal transduction. However, the mechanisms by which ABA controls the behavior of ROP/RACs have remained unclear. Here, we show that an Arabidopsis guanine nucleotide exchange factor protein RopGEF1 is rapidly sequestered to intracellular particles in response to ABA. GFP-RopGEF1 is sequestered via the endosome-prevacuolar compartment pathway and is degraded. RopGEF1 directly interacts with several clade A PP2C protein phosphatases, including ABI1. Interestingly, RopGEF1 undergoes constitutive degradation in pp2c quadruple abi1/abi2/hab1/pp2ca mutant plants, revealing that active PP2C protein phosphatases protect and stabilize RopGEF1 from ABA-mediated degradation. Interestingly, ABA-mediated degradation of RopGEF1 also plays an important role in ABA-mediated inhibition of lateral root growth. The presented findings point to a PP2C-RopGEF-ROP/RAC control loop model that is proposed to aid in shutting off ABA signal transduction, to counteract leaky ABA signal transduction caused by "monomeric" PYL/RCAR ABA receptors in the absence of stress, and facilitate signaling in response to ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixing Li
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rainer Waadt
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Julian I. Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Kriegel A, Andrés Z, Medzihradszky A, Krüger F, Scholl S, Delang S, Patir-Nebioglu MG, Gute G, Yang H, Murphy AS, Peer WA, Pfeiffer A, Krebs M, Lohmann JU, Schumacher K. Job Sharing in the Endomembrane System: Vacuolar Acidification Requires the Combined Activity of V-ATPase and V-PPase. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:3383-96. [PMID: 26589552 PMCID: PMC4707456 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The presence of a large central vacuole is one of the hallmarks of a prototypical plant cell, and the multiple functions of this compartment require massive fluxes of molecules across its limiting membrane, the tonoplast. Transport is assumed to be energized by the membrane potential and the proton gradient established by the combined activity of two proton pumps, the vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) and the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase). Exactly how labor is divided between these two enzymes has remained elusive. Here, we provide evidence using gain- and loss-of-function approaches that lack of the V-ATPase cannot be compensated for by increased V-PPase activity. Moreover, we show that increased V-ATPase activity during cold acclimation requires the presence of the V-PPase. Most importantly, we demonstrate that a mutant lacking both of these proton pumps is conditionally viable and retains significant vacuolar acidification, pointing to a so far undetected contribution of the trans-Golgi network/early endosome-localized V-ATPase to vacuolar pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kriegel
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zaida Andrés
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Medzihradszky
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Falco Krüger
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholl
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Delang
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Görkem Patir-Nebioglu
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gezahegn Gute
- Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Haibing Yang
- Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Angus S Murphy
- Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Wendy Ann Peer
- Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742
| | - Anne Pfeiffer
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Krebs
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan U Lohmann
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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37
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Chanoca A, Kovinich N, Burkel B, Stecha S, Bohorquez-Restrepo A, Ueda T, Eliceiri KW, Grotewold E, Otegui MS. Anthocyanin Vacuolar Inclusions Form by a Microautophagy Mechanism. THE PLANT CELL 2015; 27:2545-59. [PMID: 26342015 PMCID: PMC4815043 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are flavonoid pigments synthesized in the cytoplasm and stored inside vacuoles. Many plant species accumulate densely packed, 3- to 10-μm diameter anthocyanin deposits called anthocyanin vacuolar inclusions (AVIs). Despite their conspicuousness and importance in organ coloration, the origin and nature of AVIs have remained controversial for decades. We analyzed AVI formation in cotyledons of different Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes grown under anthocyanin inductive conditions and in purple petals of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiorum). We found that cytoplasmic anthocyanin aggregates in close contact with the vacuolar surface are directly engulfed by the vacuolar membrane in a process reminiscent of microautophagy. The engulfed anthocyanin aggregates are surrounded by a single membrane derived from the tonoplast and eventually become free in the vacuolar lumen like an autophagic body. Neither endosomal/prevacuolar trafficking nor the autophagy ATG5 protein is involved in the formation of AVIs. In Arabidopsis, formation of AVIs is promoted by both an increase in cyanidin 3-O-glucoside derivatives and by depletion of the glutathione S-transferase TT19. We hypothesize that this novel microautophagy mechanism also mediates the transport of other flavonoid aggregates into the vacuole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Chanoca
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Nik Kovinich
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics and Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Brian Burkel
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Samantha Stecha
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Andres Bohorquez-Restrepo
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics and Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kevin W Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Center for Applied Plant Sciences, Department of Molecular Genetics and Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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38
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Deruyffelaere C, Bouchez I, Morin H, Guillot A, Miquel M, Froissard M, Chardot T, D'Andrea S. Ubiquitin-Mediated Proteasomal Degradation of Oleosins is Involved in Oil Body Mobilization During Post-Germinative Seedling Growth in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1374-87. [PMID: 25907570 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In oleaginous seeds, lipids--stored in organelles called oil bodies (OBs)--are degraded post-germinatively to provide carbon and energy for seedling growth. To date, little is known about how OB coat proteins, known as oleosins, control OB dynamics during seed germination. Here, we demonstrated that the sequential proteolysis of the five Arabidopsis thaliana oleosins OLE1-OLE5 begins just prior to lipid degradation. Several post-translational modifications (e.g. phosphorylation and ubiquination) of oleosins were concomitant with oleosin degradation. Phosphorylation occurred only on the minor OLE5 and on an 8 kDa proteolytic fragment of OLE2. A combination of immunochemical and proteomic approaches revealed ubiquitination of the four oleosins OLE1-OLE4 at the onset of OB mobilization. Ubiquitination topology was surprisingly complex. OLE1 and OLE2 were modified by three distinct and predominantly exclusive motifs: monoubiquitin, K48-linked diubiquitin (K48Ub(2)) and K63-linked diubiquitin. Ubiquitinated oleosins may be channeled towards specific degradation pathways according to ubiquitination type. One of these pathways was identified as the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. A proteasome inhibitor (MG132) reduced oleosin degradation and induced cytosolic accumulation of K48Ub(2)-oleosin aggregates. These results indicate that K48Ub(2)-modified oleosins are selectively extracted from OB coat and degraded by the proteasome. Proteasome inhibition also reduced lipid hydrolysis, providing in vivo evidence that oleosin degradation is required for lipid mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Deruyffelaere
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Isabelle Bouchez
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Halima Morin
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Alain Guillot
- INRA, UMR 1319, PAPPSO, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Martine Miquel
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Marine Froissard
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Thierry Chardot
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France
| | - Sabine D'Andrea
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026 Versailles, France
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Islam N, Li G, Garrett WM, Lin R, Sriram G, Cooper B, Coleman GD. Proteomics of Nitrogen Remobilization in Poplar Bark. J Proteome Res 2014; 14:1112-26. [DOI: 10.1021/pr501090p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazrul Islam
- Department
of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Gen Li
- Department
of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Wesley M. Garrett
- Animal
Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Rongshuang Lin
- Department
of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Ganesh Sriram
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Bret Cooper
- Soybean
Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Gary D. Coleman
- Department
of Plant Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College
Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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40
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41
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Zhang C, Hicks GR, Raikhel NV. Plant vacuole morphology and vacuolar trafficking. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:476. [PMID: 25309565 PMCID: PMC4173805 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant vacuoles are essential organelles for plant growth and development, and have multiple functions. Vacuoles are highly dynamic and pleiomorphic, and their size varies depending on the cell type and growth conditions. Vacuoles compartmentalize different cellular components such as proteins, sugars, ions and other secondary metabolites and play critical roles in plants response to different biotic/abiotic signaling pathways. In this review, we will summarize the patterns of changes in vacuole morphology in certain cell types, our understanding of the mechanisms of plant vacuole biogenesis, and the role of SNAREs and Rab GTPases in vacuolar trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Zhang
- *Correspondence: Chunhua Zhang, Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA e-mail:
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42
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Ibl V, Stoger E. Live Cell Imaging During Germination Reveals Dynamic Tubular Structures Derived from Protein Storage Vacuoles of Barley Aleurone Cells. PLANTS 2014; 3:442-57. [PMID: 27135513 PMCID: PMC4844346 DOI: 10.3390/plants3030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The germination of cereal seeds is a rapid developmental process in which the endomembrane system undergoes a series of dynamic morphological changes to mobilize storage compounds. The changing ultrastructure of protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in the cells of the aleurone layer has been investigated in the past, but generally this involved inferences drawn from static pictures representing different developmental stages. We used live cell imaging in transgenic barley plants expressing a TIP3-GFP fusion protein as a fluorescent PSV marker to follow in real time the spatially and temporally regulated remodeling and reshaping of PSVs during germination. During late-stage germination, we observed thin, tubular structures extending from PSVs in an actin-dependent manner. No extensions were detected following the disruption of actin microfilaments, while microtubules did not appear to be involved in the process. The previously-undetected tubular PSV structures were characterized by complex movements, fusion events and a dynamic morphology. Their function during germination remains unknown, but might be related to the transport of solutes and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Ibl
- Department for Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Molecular Plant Physiology and Crop Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria.
| | - Eva Stoger
- Department for Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Molecular Plant Physiology and Crop Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria.
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43
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Serrazina S, Dias FV, Malhó R. Characterization of FAB1 phosphatidylinositol kinases in Arabidopsis pollen tube growth and fertilization. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:784-93. [PMID: 24807078 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In yeast and animal cells, phosphatidylinositol-3-monophosphate 5-kinases produce phosphatidylinositol (3,5)-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2) and have been implicated in endomembrane trafficking and pH control in the vacuole. In plants, PtdIns(3,5)P2 is synthesized by the Fab1 family, four orthologs of which exist in Arabidopsis: FAB1A and FAB1B, both from the PIKfyve/Fab1 family; FAB1C and FAB1D, both without a PIKfyve domain and of unclear role. Using a reverse genetics and cell biology approach, we investigated the function of the Arabidopsis genes encoding FAB1B and FAB1D, both highly expressed in pollen. Pollen viability, germination and tube morphology were not significantly affected in homozygous mutant plants. In vivo, mutant pollen fertilized ovules leading to normal seeds and siliques. The same result was obtained when mutant ovules were fertilized with wild-type pollen. Double mutant pollen for the two genes was able to fertilize and develop plants no different from the wild-type. At the cellular level, fab1b and fab1d pollen tubes were found to exhibit perturbations in membrane recycling, vacuolar acidification and decreased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Subcellular imaging of FAB1B-GFP revealed that the protein localized to the endomembrane compartment, whereas FAB1D-GFP localized mostly to the cytosol and sperm cells. These results were discussed considering possible complementary roles of FAB1B and FAB1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Serrazina
- Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioFIG, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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44
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Zheng J, Han SW, Rodriguez-Welsh MF, Rojas-Pierce M. Homotypic vacuole fusion requires VTI11 and is regulated by phosphoinositides. MOLECULAR PLANT 2014; 7:1026-1040. [PMID: 24569132 DOI: 10.1093/mp/ssu019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Most plant cells contain a large central vacuole that is essential to maintain cellular turgor. We report a new mutant allele of VTI11 that implicates the SNARE protein VTI11 in homotypic fusion of protein storage and lytic vacuoles. Fusion of the multiple vacuoles present in vti11 mutants could be induced by treatment with Wortmannin and LY294002, which are inhibitors of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K). We provide evidence that Phosphatidylinositol 3-Phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) regulates vacuole fusion in vti11 mutants, and that fusion of these vacuoles requires intact microtubules and actin filaments. Finally, we show that Wortmannin also induced the fusion of guard cell vacuoles in fava beans, where vacuoles are naturally fragmented after ABA-induced stomata closure. These results suggest a ubiquitous role of phosphoinositides in vacuole fusion, both during the development of the large central vacuole and during the dynamic vacuole remodeling that occurs as part of stomata movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Zheng
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Sang Won Han
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Marcela Rojas-Pierce
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Zheng J, Han SW, Munnik T, Rojas-Pierce M. Multiple vacuoles in impaired tonoplast trafficking3 mutants are independent organelles. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e972113. [PMID: 25482812 PMCID: PMC4623060 DOI: 10.4161/psb.29783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant vacuoles are essential and dynamic organelles, and mechanisms of vacuole biogenesis and fusion are not well characterized. We recently demonstrated that Wortmannin, an inhibitor of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K), induces the fusion of plant vacuoles both in roots of itt3/vti11 mutant alleles and in guard cells of wild type Arabidopsis and Fava bean. Here we used Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) to demonstrate that the vacuoles in itt3/vti11 are independent organelles. Furthermore, we used fluorescent protein reporters that bind specifically to Phosphatidylinositol 3-Phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) or PtdIns(4)P to show that Wortmannin treatments that induce the fusion of vti11 vacuoles result in the loss of PtdIns(3)P from cellular membranes. These results provided supporting evidence for a critical role of PtdIns(3)P in vacuole fusion in roots and guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Zheng
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Sang Won Han
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
| | - Teun Munnik
- Department of Plant Physiology; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marcela Rojas-Pierce
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology; North Carolina State University; Raleigh, NC USA
- Correspondence to: Marcela Rojas-Pierce;
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Viotti C. ER and vacuoles: never been closer. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:20. [PMID: 24550928 PMCID: PMC3913007 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) represents the gateway for intracellular trafficking of membrane proteins, soluble cargoes and lipids. In all eukaryotes, the best described mechanism of exiting the ER is via COPII-coated vesicles, which transport both membrane proteins and soluble cargoes to the cis-Golgi. The vacuole, together with the plasma membrane, is the most distal point of the secretory pathway, and many vacuolar proteins are transported from the ER through intermediate compartments. However, past results and recent findings demonstrate the presence of alternative transport routes from the ER towards the tonoplast, which are independent of Golgi- and post-Golgi trafficking. Moreover, the transport mechanism of the vacuolar proton pumps VHA-a3 and AVP1 challenges the current model of vacuole biogenesis, pointing to the endoplasmic reticulum for being the main membrane source for the biogenesis of the plant lytic compartment. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge on the transport routes towards the vacuole and discusses the possible mechanism of vacuole biogenesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Viotti
- *Correspondence: Corrado Viotti, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Linnéusväg 6, 90187 Umeå, Sweden e-mail:
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Worden N, Girke T, Drakakaki G. Endomembrane dissection using chemically induced bioactive clusters. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1056:159-168. [PMID: 24306872 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-592-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemical genomics is a novel approach that allows for the rapid functional analysis of plant proteins, complexes, pathways, and networks. Systematic screens for bioactive small molecules causing specific subcellular phenotypes have been successfully performed in mammalian cells, but thus far, are limited in plants. This protocol describes a systematic chemical screen of plasma membrane recycling markers in plants, using confocal microscopy and the subsequent clustering of subcellular phenotypes, to identify chemicals with desired effects. The method provides an approach to identify novel chemicals for pathway dissection, making chemical genomics more accessible to the scientific community. The matrix of novel chemicals described in this protocol can be expanded and analyzed continuously as more data is collected, increasing our knowledge of the endomembrane system, and accumulating compartment-specific markers and chemical probes that perturb specific aspects of endomembrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Worden
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Feeney M, Frigerio L, Kohalmi SE, Cui Y, Menassa R. Reprogramming cells to study vacuolar development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:493. [PMID: 24348496 PMCID: PMC3848493 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
During vegetative and embryonic developmental transitions, plant cells are massively reorganized to support the activities that will take place during the subsequent developmental phase. Studying cellular and subcellular changes that occur during these short transitional periods can sometimes present challenges, especially when dealing with Arabidopsis thaliana embryo and seed tissues. As a complementary approach, cellular reprogramming can be used as a tool to study these cellular changes in another, more easily accessible, tissue type. To reprogram cells, genetic manipulation of particular regulatory factors that play critical roles in establishing or repressing the seed developmental program can be used to bring about a change of cell fate. During different developmental phases, vacuoles assume different functions and morphologies to respond to the changing needs of the cell. Lytic vacuoles (LVs) and protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) are the two main vacuole types found in flowering plants such as Arabidopsis. Although both are morphologically distinct and carry out unique functions, they also share some similar activities. As the co-existence of the two vacuole types is short-lived in plant cells, how they replace each other has been a long-standing curiosity. To study the LV to PSV transition, LEAFY COTYLEDON2, a key transcriptional regulator of seed development, was overexpressed in vegetative cells to activate the seed developmental program. At the cellular level, Arabidopsis leaf LVs were observed to convert to PSV-like organelles. This presents the opportunity for further research to elucidate the mechanism of LV to PSV transitions. Overall, this example demonstrates the potential usefulness of cellular reprogramming as a method to study cellular processes that occur during developmental transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mistianne Feeney
- Department of Biology, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaLondon, ON, Canada
- School of Life Sciences, University of WarwickCoventry, UK
| | | | | | - Yuhai Cui
- Department of Biology, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaLondon, ON, Canada
| | - Rima Menassa
- Department of Biology, University of Western OntarioLondon, ON, Canada
- Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaLondon, ON, Canada
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Rojas-Pierce M. Targeting of tonoplast proteins to the vacuole. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 211:132-136. [PMID: 23987818 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Vacuoles are essential for plant growth and development, and are dynamic compartments that require constant deposition of integral membrane proteins. These membrane proteins carry out many critical functions of the vacuole such as transporting ions and metabolites for vacuolar storage. Understanding the mechanisms for targeting proteins to the vacuolar membrane, or tonoplast, is important for developing novel applications for biotechnology. The mechanisms to target tonoplast proteins to the vacuole are quite complex. Multiple routes, including both Golgi-dependent and Golgi-independent mechanisms, have been implicated in tonoplast protein trafficking. A few endomembrane proteins that regulate this traffic at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum, the pre-vacuolar compartment and the tonoplast are now known. Recent reports indicate that the Golgi-dependent and independent pathways may merge at the level of the pre-vacuolar compartment. Finally, the small GTP-binding protein Rab7 and the SNARE protein SYP21 have been implicated in the traffic of tonoplast proteins from the pre-vacuolar compartment to the tonoplast. With multiple cargo proteins being analyzed under a variety of experimental systems, a clearer picture for targeting mechanisms for tonoplast proteins is starting to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Rojas-Pierce
- Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
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50
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Viotti C, Krüger F, Krebs M, Neubert C, Fink F, Lupanga U, Scheuring D, Boutté Y, Frescatada-Rosa M, Wolfenstetter S, Sauer N, Hillmer S, Grebe M, Schumacher K. The endoplasmic reticulum is the main membrane source for biogenesis of the lytic vacuole in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:3434-49. [PMID: 24014545 PMCID: PMC3809542 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.114827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Vacuoles are multifunctional organelles essential for the sessile lifestyle of plants. Despite their central functions in cell growth, storage, and detoxification, knowledge about mechanisms underlying their biogenesis and associated protein trafficking pathways remains limited. Here, we show that in meristematic cells of the Arabidopsis thaliana root, biogenesis of vacuoles as well as the trafficking of sterols and of two major tonoplast proteins, the vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase and the vacuolar H(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase, occurs independently of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi and post-Golgi trafficking. Instead, both pumps are found in provacuoles that structurally resemble autophagosomes but are not formed by the core autophagy machinery. Taken together, our results suggest that vacuole biogenesis and trafficking of tonoplast proteins and lipids can occur directly from the ER independent of Golgi function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Viotti
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90187 Umea, Sweden
| | - Falco Krüger
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Krebs
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Neubert
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Fink
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Upendo Lupanga
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Scheuring
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90187 Umea, Sweden
| | - Márcia Frescatada-Rosa
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90187 Umea, Sweden
| | - Susanne Wolfenstetter
- Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Sauer
- Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hillmer
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Grebe
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90187 Umea, Sweden
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Address correspondence to
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