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Desaint H, Gigli A, Belny A, Cassan-Wang H, Martinez Y, Vailleau F, Mounet F, Vernhettes S, Berthomé R, Marchetti M. Reshaping the Primary Cell Wall: Dual Effects on Plant Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum and Heat Stress Response. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:619-634. [PMID: 38904979 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-24-0059-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Temperature elevation drastically affects plant defense responses to Ralstonia solanacearum and inhibits the major source of resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana, which is mediated by the receptor pair RRS1-R/RPS4. In this study, we refined a previous genome-wide association (GWA) mapping analysis by using a local score approach and detected the primary cell wall CESA3 gene as a major gene involved in plant response to R. solanacearum at both 27°C and an elevated temperature, 30°C. We functionally validated CESA3 as a susceptibility gene involved in resistance to R. solanacearum at both 27 and 30°C through a reverse genetic approach. We provide evidence that the cesa3mre1 mutant enhances resistance to bacterial disease and that resistance is associated with an alteration of root cell morphology conserved at elevated temperatures. However, even by forcing the entry of the bacterium to bypass the primary cell wall barrier, the cesa3mre1 mutant still showed enhanced resistance to R. solanacearum with delayed onset of bacterial wilt symptoms. We demonstrated that the cesa3mre1 mutant had constitutive expression of the defense-related gene VSP1, which is upregulated at elevated temperatures, and that during infection, its expression level is maintained higher than in the wild-type Col-0. In conclusion, this study reveals that alteration of the primary cell wall by mutating the cellulose synthase subunit CESA3 contributes to enhanced resistance to R. solanacearum, remaining effective under heat stress. We expect that these results will help to identify robust genetic sources of resistance to R. solanacearum in the context of global warming. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Desaint
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
- SYNGENTA Seeds, Sarrians 84260, France
| | - Alessandro Gigli
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Adrien Belny
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
| | - Hua Cassan-Wang
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse III, CNRS, INP, UMR5546, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
| | - Yves Martinez
- Plateforme Imagerie, FRAIB-CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
| | - Fabienne Vailleau
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
| | - Fabien Mounet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse III, CNRS, INP, UMR5546, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
| | - Samantha Vernhettes
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, Versailles 78000, France
| | - Richard Berthomé
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
| | - Marta Marchetti
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement (LIPME), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan 31320, France
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Rubilar-Hernández C, Álvarez-Maldini C, Pizarro L, Figueroa F, Villalobos-González L, Pimentel P, Fiore N, Pinto M. Nitric Oxide Mitigates the Deleterious Effects Caused by Infection of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and Modulates the Carbon Assimilation Process in Sweet Cherry under Water Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1361. [PMID: 38794433 PMCID: PMC11125257 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial canker is an important disease of sweet cherry plants mainly caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae (Pss). Water deficit profoundly impairs the yield of this crop. Nitric oxide (NO) is a molecule that plays an important role in the plant defense mechanisms. To evaluate the protection exerted by NO against Pss infection under normal or water-restricted conditions, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, was applied to sweet cherry plants cv. Lapins, before they were exposed to Pss infection under normal or water-restricted conditions throughout two seasons. Well-watered plants treated with exogenous NO presented a lower susceptibility to Pss. A lower susceptibility to Pss was also induced in plants by water stress and this effect was increased when water stress was accompanied by exogenous NO. The lower susceptibility to Pss induced either by exogenous NO or water stress was accompanied by a decrease in the internal bacterial population. In well-watered plants, exogenous NO increased the stomatal conductance and the net CO2 assimilation. In water-stressed plants, NO induced an increase in the leaf membranes stability and proline content, but not an increase in the CO2 assimilation or the stomatal conductance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rubilar-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales, Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile; (C.R.-H.); (L.P.); (F.F.)
| | - Carolina Álvarez-Maldini
- Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales, Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile;
- Departamento de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4070374, Chile
| | - Lorena Pizarro
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales, Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile; (C.R.-H.); (L.P.); (F.F.)
- Centro UOH de Biología de Sistemas Para la Sanidad Vegetal, Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile
| | - Franco Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Vegetal, Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales, Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile; (C.R.-H.); (L.P.); (F.F.)
| | | | - Paula Pimentel
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Fruticultura (CEAF), Rengo 2940000, Chile; (L.V.-G.); (P.P.)
| | - Nicola Fiore
- Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8820808, Chile;
| | - Manuel Pinto
- Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Animales y Ambientales, Universidad de O’Higgins, San Fernando 3070000, Chile;
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Molina A, Jordá L, Torres MÁ, Martín-Dacal M, Berlanga DJ, Fernández-Calvo P, Gómez-Rubio E, Martín-Santamaría S. Plant cell wall-mediated disease resistance: Current understanding and future perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:699-724. [PMID: 38594902 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Beyond their function as structural barriers, plant cell walls are essential elements for the adaptation of plants to environmental conditions. Cell walls are dynamic structures whose composition and integrity can be altered in response to environmental challenges and developmental cues. These wall changes are perceived by plant sensors/receptors to trigger adaptative responses during development and upon stress perception. Plant cell wall damage caused by pathogen infection, wounding, or other stresses leads to the release of wall molecules, such as carbohydrates (glycans), that function as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs are perceived by the extracellular ectodomains (ECDs) of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance. Similarly, glycans released from the walls and extracellular layers of microorganisms interacting with plants are recognized as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by specific ECD-PRRs triggering PTI responses. The number of oligosaccharides DAMPs/MAMPs identified that are perceived by plants has increased in recent years. However, the structural mechanisms underlying glycan recognition by plant PRRs remain limited. Currently, this knowledge is mainly focused on receptors of the LysM-PRR family, which are involved in the perception of various molecules, such as chitooligosaccharides from fungi and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (i.e., Nod/MYC factors from bacteria and mycorrhiza, respectively) that trigger differential physiological responses. Nevertheless, additional families of plant PRRs have recently been implicated in oligosaccharide/polysaccharide recognition. These include receptor kinases (RKs) with leucine-rich repeat and Malectin domains in their ECDs (LRR-MAL RKs), Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE group (CrRLK1L) with Malectin-like domains in their ECDs, as well as wall-associated kinases, lectin-RKs, and LRR-extensins. The characterization of structural basis of glycans recognition by these new plant receptors will shed light on their similarities with those of mammalians involved in glycan perception. The gained knowledge holds the potential to facilitate the development of sustainable, glycan-based crop protection solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Jordá
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Martín-Dacal
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego José Berlanga
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Calvo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Elena Gómez-Rubio
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Martín-Santamaría
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Wu YC, Yu CW, Chiu JY, Chiang YH, Mitsuda N, Yen XC, Huang TP, Chang TF, Yen CJ, Guo WJ. The AT-hook protein AHL29 promotes Bacillus subtilis colonization by suppressing SWEET2-mediated sugar retrieval in Arabidopsis roots. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1084-1098. [PMID: 38037476 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Beneficial Bacillus subtilis (BS) symbiosis could combat root pathogenesis, but it relies on root-secreted sugars. Understanding the molecular control of sugar flux during colonization would benefit biocontrol applications. The SWEET (Sugar Will Eventually Be Exported Transporter) uniporter regulates microbe-induced sugar secretion from roots; thus, its homologs may modulate sugar distribution upon BS colonization. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that gene transcripts of SWEET2, but not SWEET16 and 17, were significantly induced in seedling roots after 12 h of BS inoculation. Particularly, SWEET2-β-glucuronidase fusion proteins accumulated in the apical mature zone where BS abundantly colonized. Yet, enhanced BS colonization in sweet2 mutant roots suggested a specific role for SWEET2 to constrain BS propagation, probably by limiting hexose secretion. By employing yeast one-hybrid screening and ectopic expression in Arabidopsis protoplasts, the transcription factor AHL29 was identified to function as a repressor of SWEET2 expression through the AT-hook motif. Repression occurred despite immunity signals. Additionally, enhanced SWEET2 expression and reduced colonies were specifically detected in roots of BS-colonized ahl29 mutant. Taken together, we propose that BS colonization may activate repression of AHL29 on SWEET2 transcription that would be enhanced by immunity signals, thereby maintaining adequate sugar secretion for a beneficial Bacillus association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chien Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
| | - Chien-Wen Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
| | - Jo-Yu Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chiang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Xu-Chen Yen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan ROC
| | - Tzu-Pi Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan ROC
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan ROC
- Master and Doctoral Degree Program in Plant Health Care, Academy of Circular Economy, National Chung Hsing University, Nantou, Taiwan ROC
| | - Tzu-Fang Chang
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
| | - Cen-Jie Yen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
| | - Woei-Jiun Guo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
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Berlanga DJ, Molina A, Torres MÁ. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 controls broad spectrum disease resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana through diverse mechanisms of immune activation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1374194. [PMID: 38576784 PMCID: PMC10993396 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1374194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana Mitogen-activated protein Kinase Phosphatase 1 (MKP1) negatively balances production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns (MAMPs) through uncharacterized mechanisms. Accordingly, ROS production is enhanced in mkp1 mutant after MAMP treatment. Moreover, mkp1 plants show a constitutive activation of immune responses and enhanced disease resistance to pathogens with distinct colonization styles, like the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2 and the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM. The molecular basis of this ROS production and broad-spectrum disease resistance controlled by MKP1 have not been determined. Here, we show that the enhanced ROS production in mkp1 is not due to a direct interaction of MKP1 with the NADPH oxidase RBOHD, nor is it the result of the catalytic activity of MKP1 on RBHOD phosphorylation sites targeted by BOTRYTIS INDUCED KINASE 1 (BIK1) protein, a positive regulator of RBOHD-dependent ROS production. The analysis of bik1 mkp1 double mutant phenotypes suggested that MKP1 and BIK1 targets are different. Additionally, we showed that phosphorylation residues stabilizing MKP1 are essential for its functionality in immunity. To further decipher the molecular basis of disease resistance responses controlled by MKP1, we generated combinatory lines of mkp1-1 with plants impaired in defensive pathways required for disease resistance to pathogen: cyp79B2 cyp79B3 double mutant defective in synthesis of tryptophan-derived metabolites, NahG transgenic plant that does not accumulate salicylic acid, aba1-6 mutant impaired in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, and abi1 abi2 hab1 triple mutant impaired in proteins described as ROS sensors and that is hypersensitive to ABA. The analysis of these lines revealed that the enhanced resistance displayed by mkp1-1 is altered in distinct mutant combinations: mkp1-1 cyp79B2 cyp79B3 fully blocked mkp1-1 resistance to P. cucumerina, whereas mkp1-1 NahG displays partial susceptibility to H. arabidopsidis, and mkp1-1 NahG, mkp1-1 aba1-6 and mkp1-1 cyp79B2 cyp79B3 showed compromised resistance to P. syringae. These results suggest that MKP1 is a component of immune responses that does not directly interact with RBOHD but rather regulates the status of distinct defensive pathways required for disease resistance to pathogens with different lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego José Berlanga
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
- Center of Excellence for Plant Environment Interactions (CEPEI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
- Center of Excellence for Plant Environment Interactions (CEPEI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
- Center of Excellence for Plant Environment Interactions (CEPEI), Madrid, Spain
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Shang K, Wang R, Cao W, Wang X, Wang Y, Shi Z, Liu H, Zhou S, Zhu X, Zhu C. Abscisic-acid-responsive StlncRNA13558 induces StPRL expression to increase potato resistance to Phytophthora infestans infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1338062. [PMID: 38504894 PMCID: PMC10948444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1338062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most serious diseases affecting potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts with a length of more than 200 nucleotides that have no protein-coding potential. Few studies have been conducted on lncRNAs related to plant immune regulation in plants, and the molecular mechanisms involved in this regulation require further investigation. We identified and screened an lncRNA that specifically responds to P. infestans infection, namely, StlncRNA13558. P. infestans infection activates the abscisic acid (ABA) pathway, and ABA induces StlncRNA13558 to enhance potato resistance to P. infestans. StlncRNA13558 positively regulates the expression of its co-expressed PR-related gene StPRL. StPRL promotes the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and transmits a resistance response by affecting the salicylic acid hormone pathway, thereby enhancing potato resistance to P. infestans. In summary, we identified the potato late blight resistance lncRNA StlncRNA13558 and revealed its upstream and downstream regulatory relationship of StlncRNA13558. These results improve our understanding of plant-pathogen interactions' immune mechanism and elucidate the response mechanism of lncRNA-target genes regulating potato resistance to P. infestans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Shang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Ruolin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Weilin Cao
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xipan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenting Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Shumei Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Changxiang Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
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Contreras E, Martinez M. The RIN4-like/NOI proteins NOI10 and NOI11 modulate the response to biotic stresses mediated by RIN4 in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2024; 43:70. [PMID: 38358510 PMCID: PMC10869442 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-024-03151-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE NOI10 and NOI11 are two RIN4-like/NOI proteins that participate in the immune response of the Arabidopsis plant and affect the RIN4-regulated mechanisms involving the R-proteins RPM1 and RPS2. The immune response in plants depends on the regulation of signaling pathways triggered by pathogens and herbivores. RIN4, a protein of the RIN4-like/NOI family, is considered to be a central immune signal in the interactions of plants and pathogens. In Arabidopsis thaliana, four of the 15 members of the RIN4-like/NOI family (NOI3, NOI5, NOI10, and NOI11) were induced in response to the plant herbivore Tetranychus urticae. While overexpressing NOI10 and NOI11 plants did not affect mite performance, opposite callose accumulation patterns were observed when compared to RIN4 overexpressing plants. In vitro and in vivo analyses demonstrated the interaction of NOI10 and NOI11 with the RIN4 interactors RPM1, RPS2, and RIPK, suggesting a role in the context of the RIN4-regulated immune response. Transient expression experiments in Nicotiana benthamiana evidenced that NOI10 and NOI11 differed from RIN4 in their functionality. Furthermore, overexpressing NOI10 and NOI11 plants had significant differences in susceptibility with WT and overexpressing RIN4 plants when challenged with Pseudomonas syringae bacteria expressing the AvrRpt2 or the AvrRpm1 effectors. These results demonstrate the participation of NOI10 and NOI11 in the RIN4-mediated pathway. Whereas RIN4 is considered a guardee protein, NOI10 and NOI11 could act as decoys to modulate the concerted activity of effectors and R-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Contreras
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, 20223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, 20223, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
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Singh N, Ravi B, Saini LK, Pandey GK. Voltage-dependent anion channel 3 (VDAC3) mediates P. syringae induced ABA-SA signaling crosstalk in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108237. [PMID: 38109831 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen severely affects plant mitochondrial processes including respiration, however, the roles and mechanism of mitochondrial protein during the immune response remain largely unexplored. The interplay of plant hormone signaling during defense is an outcome of plant pathogen interaction. We recently discovered that the Arabidopsis calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase 9 (AtCIPK9) interacts with the voltage-dependent anion channel 3 (AtVDAC3) and inhibits MV-induced oxidative damage. Here we report the characterization of AtVDAC3 in an antagonistic interaction pathway between abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling in Pseudomonas syringae -Arabidopsis interaction. In this study, we observed that mutants of AtVDAC3 were highly susceptible to Pseudomonas syringae infection as compared to the wild type (WT) Arabidopsis plants. Transcripts of VDAC3 and CIPK9 were inducible upon ABA application. Following pathogen exposure, expression analyses of ABA and SA biosynthesis genes indicated that the function of VDAC3 is required for isochorisimate synthase 1 (ICS1) expression but not for Nine-cis-epoxycaotenoid dioxygenase 3 (NCED3) expression. Despite the fact that vdac3 mutants had increased NCED3 expression in response to pathogen challenge, transcripts of ABA sensitive genes such as AtRD22 and AtRAB18 were downregulated even after exogenous ABA application. VDAC3 is required for ABA responsive genes expression upon exogenous ABA application. We also found that Pseudomonas syringae-induced SA signaling is downregulated in vdac3 mutants since overexpression of VDAC3 resulted in hyperaccumulation of Pathogenesis related gene1 (PR1) transcript. Interestingly, ABA application prior to P. syringae inoculation resulted in the upregulation of ABA responsive genes like Responsive to ABA18 (RAB18) and Responsive to dehydration 22 (RD22). Intriguingly, in the absence of AtVDAC3, Pst challenge can dramatically increase ABA-induced RD22 and RAB18 expression. Altogether our results reveal a novel Pathogen-SA-ABA interaction pathway in plants. Our findings show that ABA plays a significant role in modifying plant-pathogen interactions, owing to cross-talk with the biotic stress signaling pathways of ABA and SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Barkha Ravi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Lokesh K Saini
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Joubert J, Sivparsad B, Schröder M, Germishuizen I, Chen J, Hurley B, Allison JD, Hammerbacher A. Susceptibility of Eucalyptus trees to defoliation by the Eucalyptus snout beetle, Gonipterus sp. n. 2, is enhanced by high foliar contents of 1,8-cineole, oxalic acid and sucrose and low contents of palmitic and shikimic acid. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3481-3500. [PMID: 37592766 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Gonipterus sp. n. 2 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) is an invasive, commercially important weevil that causes large-scale defoliation of Eucalyptus trees. The weevil specifically feeds on young leaves and new shoots, thus reducing tree growth. The weevil displays a very strong preference for certain Eucalyptus genotypes, however, this behaviour and the chemistry underlying it is poorly understood, thereby complicating the selection of resistant trees. To elucidate the feeding preference of Gonipterus sp. n. 2, we assessed the relative levels of susceptibility of 62 Eucalyptus genotypes from 23 species using a laboratory choice assay. This revealed large intraspecific variation in susceptibility to weevil feeding, which for certain species, exceeded the interspecific variation. A semiquantitative metabolite profile analysis on 13 genotypes revealed strong correlations of 10 metabolites to feeding damage. The behavioural effects of the identified compounds were assessed through an in vitro feeding preference assay using artificial diets as well as under field conditions. This revealed three phagostimulants (1,8-cineole, oxalic acid and sucrose) and two feeding deterrent compounds (shikimic acid and palmitic acid) for Gonipterus sp. n. 2. These chemical markers can be applied to tree breeding programmes for the selection of resistant genotypes to reduce damage caused by Gonipterus weevils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Joubert
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- African Centre of Chemical Ecology, Innovation Africa Campus, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Benice Sivparsad
- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Michelle Schröder
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ilaria Germishuizen
- Institute for Commercial Forestry Research, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Brett Hurley
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- African Centre of Chemical Ecology, Innovation Africa Campus, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Jeremy D Allison
- African Centre of Chemical Ecology, Innovation Africa Campus, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Natural Resources Canada-Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Sainte Marie, Canada
| | - Almuth Hammerbacher
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- African Centre of Chemical Ecology, Innovation Africa Campus, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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10
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Nguyen NN, Lamotte O, Alsulaiman M, Ruffel S, Krouk G, Berger N, Demolombe V, Nespoulous C, Dang TMN, Aimé S, Berthomieu P, Dubos C, Wendehenne D, Vile D, Gosti F. Reduction in PLANT DEFENSIN 1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana results in increased resistance to pathogens and zinc toxicity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:5374-5393. [PMID: 37326591 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of defensins in plants correlates with their increased capacity to withstand abiotic and biotic stresses. This applies to Arabidopsis thaliana, where some of the seven members of the PLANT DEFENSIN 1 family (AtPDF1) are recognised to improve plant responses to necrotrophic pathogens and increase seedling tolerance to excess zinc (Zn). However, few studies have explored the effects of decreased endogenous defensin expression on these stress responses. Here, we carried out an extensive physiological and biochemical comparative characterization of (i) novel artificial microRNA (amiRNA) lines silenced for the five most similar AtPDF1s, and (ii) a double null mutant for the two most distant AtPDF1s. Silencing of five AtPDF1 genes was specifically associated with increased aboveground dry mass production in mature plants under excess Zn conditions, and with increased plant tolerance to different pathogens - a fungus, an oomycete and a bacterium, while the double mutant behaved similarly to the wild type. These unexpected results challenge the current paradigm describing the role of PDFs in plant stress responses. Additional roles of endogenous plant defensins are discussed, opening new perspectives for their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Nga Nguyen
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Olivier Lamotte
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, F-21 000 Dijon, France
| | - Mohanad Alsulaiman
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Sandrine Ruffel
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Gabriel Krouk
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Nathalie Berger
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Vincent Demolombe
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Claude Nespoulous
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Thi Minh Nguyet Dang
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Sébastien Aimé
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, F-21 000 Dijon, France
| | - Pierre Berthomieu
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Christian Dubos
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - David Wendehenne
- Agroécologie, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Bourgogne, Université Bourgogne-Franche Comté, F-21 000 Dijon, France
| | - Denis Vile
- LEPSE, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2 Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
| | - Françoise Gosti
- IPSiM, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Université de Montpellier, 2, Place P. Viala, F-34 060 Montpellier Cedex 2, France
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11
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Jiang C, Li Z, Zheng L, Yu Y, Niu D. Small RNAs: Efficient and miraculous effectors that play key roles in plant-microbe interactions. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2023; 24:999-1013. [PMID: 37026481 PMCID: PMC10346379 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants' response to pathogens is highly complex and involves changes at different levels, such as activation or repression of a vast array of genes. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that many RNAs, especially small RNAs (sRNAs), are involved in genetic expression and reprogramming affecting plant-pathogen interactions. The sRNAs, including short interfering RNAs and microRNAs, are noncoding RNA with 18-30 nucleotides, and are recognized as key genetic and epigenetic regulators. In this review, we summarize the new findings about defence-related sRNAs in the response to pathogens and our current understanding of their effects on plant-pathogen interactions. The main content of this review article includes the roles of sRNAs in plant-pathogen interactions, cross-kingdom sRNA trafficking between host and pathogen, and the application of RNA-based fungicides for plant disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun‐Hao Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant ImmunityNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingChina
| | - Zi‐Jie Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant ImmunityNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingChina
| | - Li‐Yu Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant ImmunityNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingChina
| | - Yi‐Yang Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant ImmunityNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingChina
| | - Dong‐Dong Niu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant ProtectionNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Disease and Pests, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Plant ImmunityNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- Engineering Center of Bioresource Pesticide in Jiangsu ProvinceNanjingChina
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12
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Rosa-Diaz I, Santamaria ME, Acien JM, Diaz I. Jasmonic acid catabolism in Arabidopsis defence against mites. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 334:111784. [PMID: 37406679 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates are essential modulators of plant defences but the role of JA-derivatives has been scarcely studied, particularly in the plant-pest interplay. To deepen into the JA catabolism and its impact on plant responses to spider mite infestation, we selected the Arabidopsis JAO2 gene as a key element involved in the first step of the JA-catabolic route. JAO2 is responsible for the hydroxylation of JA into 12-OH-JA, contributes to attenuate JA and JA-Ile content and consequently, determines the formation of other JA-catabolites. JAO2 was up-regulated in Arabidopsis by mite infestation. Mites also induced JA-derivative accumulation in plants. In jao2 mutant lines, and in the triple mutant jaoT (jao2-1, jao3-1, jao4-2), mite feeding produced less leaf damage, minor callose deposition and lower mite fecundity rates than in Col-0 plants. The impairment of JA oxidation in jao2 lines not only diminished the 12-OH-JA levels but turned off further sulfation as shown the significant reduction of 12-HSO4-JA form. Thus, JAO2 acts as a negative modulator of defenses to spider mites mediated by changes in the generation of JA catabolic molecules, and the consequent production of defensive metabolites such as glucosinolates or camalexin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rosa-Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Campus de Montegancedo, 20223 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Campus de Montegancedo, 20223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Acien
- Departament de Ciencies Agraries i del Medi Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Castello de la Plana, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria/CSIC, Campus de Montegancedo, 20223 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Oelmüller R, Tseng YH, Gandhi A. Signals and Their Perception for Remodelling, Adjustment and Repair of the Plant Cell Wall. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087417. [PMID: 37108585 PMCID: PMC10139151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrity of the cell wall is important for plant cells. Mechanical or chemical distortions, tension, pH changes in the apoplast, disturbance of the ion homeostasis, leakage of cell compounds into the apoplastic space or breakdown of cell wall polysaccharides activate cellular responses which often occur via plasma membrane-localized receptors. Breakdown products of the cell wall polysaccharides function as damage-associated molecular patterns and derive from cellulose (cello-oligomers), hemicelluloses (mainly xyloglucans and mixed-linkage glucans as well as glucuronoarabinoglucans in Poaceae) and pectins (oligogalacturonides). In addition, several types of channels participate in mechanosensing and convert physical into chemical signals. To establish a proper response, the cell has to integrate information about apoplastic alterations and disturbance of its wall with cell-internal programs which require modifications in the wall architecture due to growth, differentiation or cell division. We summarize recent progress in pattern recognition receptors for plant-derived oligosaccharides, with a focus on malectin domain-containing receptor kinases and their crosstalk with other perception systems and intracellular signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Oelmüller
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Yu-Heng Tseng
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Akanksha Gandhi
- Matthias Schleiden Institute of Genetics, Bioinformatics and Molecular Botany, Department of Plant Physiology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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14
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Shi J, Shui D, Su S, Xiong Z, Zai W. Gene enrichment and co-expression analysis shed light on transcriptional responses to Ralstonia solanacearum in tomato. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:159. [PMID: 36991339 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is both an important agricultural product and an excellent model system for studying plant-pathogen interactions. It is susceptible to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), and infection can result in severe yield and quality losses. To investigate which genes are involved in the resistance response to this pathogen, we sequenced the transcriptomes of both resistant and susceptible tomato inbred lines before and after Rs inoculation. RESULTS In total, 75.02 Gb of high-quality reads were generated from 12 RNA-seq libraries. A total of 1,312 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 693 up-regulated and 621 down-regulated genes. Additionally, 836 unique DEGs were obtained when comparing two tomato lines, including 27 co-expression hub genes. A total of 1,290 DEGs were functionally annotated using eight databases, most of which were found to be involved in biological pathways such as DNA and chromatin activity, plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and defense response. Among the core-enriched genes in 12 key pathways related to resistance, 36 genotype-specific DEGs were identified. RT-qPCR integrated analysis revealed that multiple DEGs may play a significant role in tomato response to Rs. In particular, Solyc01g073985.1 (NLR disease resistance protein) and Solyc04g058170.1 (calcium-binding protein) in plant-pathogen interaction are likely to be involved in the resistance. CONCLUSION We analyzed the transcriptomes of both resistant and susceptible tomato lines during control and inoculated conditions and identified several key genotype-specific hub genes involved in a variety of different biological processes. These findings lay a foundation for better understanding the molecular basis by which resistant tomato lines respond to Rs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Shi
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325006, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Deju Shui
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325006, China
| | - Shiwen Su
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325006, China
| | - Zili Xiong
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325006, China.
| | - Wenshan Zai
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325006, China.
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15
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Swaminathan S, Lionetti V, Zabotina OA. Plant Cell Wall Integrity Perturbations and Priming for Defense. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11243539. [PMID: 36559656 PMCID: PMC9781063 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A plant cell wall is a highly complex structure consisting of networks of polysaccharides, proteins, and polyphenols that dynamically change during growth and development in various tissues. The cell wall not only acts as a physical barrier but also dynamically responds to disturbances caused by biotic and abiotic stresses. Plants have well-established surveillance mechanisms to detect any cell wall perturbations. Specific immune signaling pathways are triggered to contrast biotic or abiotic forces, including cascades dedicated to reinforcing the cell wall structure. This review summarizes the recent developments in molecular mechanisms underlying maintenance of cell wall integrity in plant-pathogen and parasitic interactions. Subjects such as the effect of altered expression of endogenous plant cell-wall-related genes or apoplastic expression of microbial cell-wall-modifying enzymes on cell wall integrity are covered. Targeted genetic modifications as a tool to study the potential of cell wall elicitors, priming of signaling pathways, and the outcome of disease resistance phenotypes are also discussed. The prime importance of understanding the intricate details and complete picture of plant immunity emerges, ultimately to engineer new strategies to improve crop productivity and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Swaminathan
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Vincenzo Lionetti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “Charles Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Olga A. Zabotina
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence:
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Ren X, Wang J, Zhu F, Wang Z, Mei J, Xie Y, Liu T, Ye X. β-aminobutyric acid (BABA)-induced resistance to tobacco black shank in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267960. [PMID: 35679273 PMCID: PMC9182692 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco black shank is a kind of soil-borne disease caused by the Oomycete Phytophthora parasitica. This disease is one of the most destructive diseases to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) growth worldwide. At present, various measures have been taken to control this disease, but they still have different challenges and limitations. Studies have shown that β-aminobutyric acid (BABA), a nonprotein amino acid, can enhance disease resistance in plants against different varieties of pathogens. However, it is unclear whether BABA can induce plants to resist Phytophthora parasitica infection. Therefore, this study aims to explore the effect and related mechanism of BABA against tobacco black shank. Our results showed that 5 mmol.L-1 BABA had an obvious anti-inducing effect on the pathogenic fungus and could effectively inhibit the formation of dark spots in the stems. The results also showed that a large amount of callose deposition was observed in BABA-treated tobacco. Furthermore, the application of BABA induced the accumulation of H2O2 in tobacco and effectively regulated the homeostasis of reactive oxygen in tobacco plants, reducing the toxicity of H2O2 to plants while activating the defense system. In addition, BABA spray treatment could induce an increase in the concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid-isoleucine (JA-Ile) in tobacco, and the gene expression results confirmed that BABA upregulated the expression of SA-related genes (PR1, PR2 and PR5), JA-related genes (PDF1.2) and ET-related genes (EFE26 and ACC oxidase) in tobacco plants. Taken together, BABA could activate tobacco resistance to black shank disease by increasing H2O2 accumulation, callose deposition, plant hormone (SA and JA-Ile) production, and SA-, JA-, and ET- signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Ren
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Faliang Zhu
- Yunnan Tobacco Co., Ltd., Kunming Branch, Kunming, China
| | - Zhijiang Wang
- Yunnan Tobacco Co., Ltd., Kunming Branch, Kunming, China
| | - Jian Mei
- Yunnan Tobacco Co., Ltd., Kunming Branch, Kunming, China
| | - Yonghui Xie
- Yunnan Tobacco Co., Ltd., Kunming Branch, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Germplasms Innovation & Utilization of Chinese Medicinal Materials in Southwest China, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xianwen Ye
- Yunnan Tobacco Co., Ltd., Kunming Branch, Kunming, China
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Nykiel M, Gietler M, Fidler J, Prabucka B, Rybarczyk-Płońska A, Graska J, Boguszewska-Mańkowska D, Muszyńska E, Morkunas I, Labudda M. Signal Transduction in Cereal Plants Struggling with Environmental Stresses: From Perception to Response. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1009. [PMID: 35448737 PMCID: PMC9026486 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cereal plants under abiotic or biotic stressors to survive unfavourable conditions and continue growth and development, rapidly and precisely identify external stimuli and activate complex molecular, biochemical, and physiological responses. To elicit a response to the stress factors, interactions between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, calcium ions, mitogen-activated protein kinases, calcium-dependent protein kinases, calcineurin B-like interacting protein kinase, phytohormones and transcription factors occur. The integration of all these elements enables the change of gene expression, and the release of the antioxidant defence and protein repair systems. There are still numerous gaps in knowledge on these subjects in the literature caused by the multitude of signalling cascade components, simultaneous activation of multiple pathways and the intersection of their individual elements in response to both single and multiple stresses. Here, signal transduction pathways in cereal plants under drought, salinity, heavy metal stress, pathogen, and pest attack, as well as the crosstalk between the reactions during double stress responses are discussed. This article is a summary of the latest discoveries on signal transduction pathways and it integrates the available information to better outline the whole research problem for future research challenges as well as for the creative breeding of stress-tolerant cultivars of cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Nykiel
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (J.F.); (B.P.); (A.R.-P.); (J.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Marta Gietler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (J.F.); (B.P.); (A.R.-P.); (J.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Justyna Fidler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (J.F.); (B.P.); (A.R.-P.); (J.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Beata Prabucka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (J.F.); (B.P.); (A.R.-P.); (J.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Anna Rybarczyk-Płońska
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (J.F.); (B.P.); (A.R.-P.); (J.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Jakub Graska
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (J.F.); (B.P.); (A.R.-P.); (J.G.); (M.L.)
| | | | - Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Iwona Morkunas
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Mateusz Labudda
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); (J.F.); (B.P.); (A.R.-P.); (J.G.); (M.L.)
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18
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Val‐Torregrosa B, Bundó M, Martín‐Cardoso H, Bach‐Pages M, Chiou T, Flors V, Segundo BS. Phosphate-induced resistance to pathogen infection in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:452-469. [PMID: 35061924 PMCID: PMC9303409 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In nature, plants are concurrently exposed to a number of abiotic and biotic stresses. Our understanding of convergence points between responses to combined biotic/abiotic stress pathways remains, however, rudimentary. Here we show that MIR399 overexpression, loss-of-function of PHOSPHATE2 (PHO2), or treatment with high phosphate (Pi) levels is accompanied by an increase in Pi content and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Arabidopsis thaliana. High Pi plants (e.g., miR399 overexpressors, pho2 mutants, and plants grown under high Pi supply) exhibited resistance to infection by necrotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens. In the absence of pathogen infection, the expression levels of genes in the salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent signaling pathways were higher in high Pi plants compared to wild-type plants grown under control conditions, which is consistent with increased levels of SA and JA in non-infected high Pi plants. During infection, an opposite regulation in the two branches of the JA pathway (ERF1/PDF1.2 and MYC2/VSP2) occurs in high Pi plants. Thus, while pathogen infection induces PDF1.2 expression in miR399 OE and pho2 plants, VSP2 expression is downregulated by pathogen infection in these plants. This study supports the notion that Pi accumulation promotes resistance to infection by fungal pathogens in Arabidopsis, while providing a basis to better understand interactions between Pi signaling and hormonal signaling pathways for modulation of plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Val‐Torregrosa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC‐IRTA‐UAB‐UBCampus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Mireia Bundó
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC‐IRTA‐UAB‐UBCampus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Héctor Martín‐Cardoso
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC‐IRTA‐UAB‐UBCampus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Marcel Bach‐Pages
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC‐IRTA‐UAB‐UBCampus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Tzyy‐Jen Chiou
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia SinicaTaipei 115Taiwan
| | - Victor Flors
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Escuela Superior de Tecnología y Ciencias ExperimentalesUniversitat Jaume ICastellóSpain
| | - Blanca San Segundo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC‐IRTA‐UAB‐UBCampus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés)BarcelonaSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
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Mamun MA, Islam MT, Lee BR, Bae DW, Kim TH. Interactive Regulation of Hormone and Resistance Gene in Proline Metabolism Is Involved in Effector-Triggered Immunity or Disease Susceptibility in the Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris- Brassica napus Pathosystem. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:738608. [PMID: 35082802 PMCID: PMC8784845 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.738608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To characterize cultivar variations in hormonal regulation of the transition between pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity or susceptibility (ETI or ETS), the responses of resistance (R-) genes, hydrogen peroxide, and proline metabolism in two Brassica napus cultivars to contrasting disease susceptibility (resistant cv. Capitol vs. susceptible cv. Mosa) were interpreted as being linked to those of endogenous hormonal levels and signaling genes based on a time course of disease symptom development. Disease symptoms caused by the Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) infections were much more developed in cv. Mosa than in cv. Capitol, as shown by an earlier appearance (at 3 days postinoculation [3 DPI]) and larger V-shaped necrosis lesions (at 9-15 DPI) in cv. Mosa. The cultivar variations in the R-genes, hormone status, and proline metabolism were found in two different phases (early [0-3 DPI] and later [9-15 DPI]). In the early phase, Xcc significantly upregulated PTI-related cytoplasmic kinase (Botrytis-induced kinase-1 [BIK1]) expression (+6.3-fold) with salicylic acid (SA) accumulation in cv. Capitol, while relatively less (+2.6-fold) with highly increased jasmonic acid (JA) level in cv. Mosa. The Xcc-responsive proline accumulation in both cultivars was similar to upregulated expression of proline synthesis-related genes (P5CS2 and P5CR). During the later phase in cv. Capitol, Xcc-responsive upregulation of ZAR1 (a coiled-coil-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat [CC-NB-LRR-type R-gene]) was concomitant with a gradual increase in JA levels without additional proline accumulation. However, in cv. Mosa, upregulation of TAO1 (a toll/interleukin-1 receptor-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat [TIR-NB-LRR-type R-gene]) was consistent with an increase in SA and abscisic acid (ABA) levels and resulted in an antagonistic depression of JA, which led to a proline accumulation. These results indicate that Xcc-induced BIK1- and ZAR1-mediated JA signaling interactions provide resistance and confirm ETI, whereas BIK1- and TAO1-enhanced SA- and/or ABA-mediated proline accumulation is associated with disease susceptibility (ETS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Al Mamun
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Md Tabibul Islam
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Alson H. Smith Jr. Agricultural Research and Extension Center, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Winchester, VA, United States
| | - Bok-Rye Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Asian Pear Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dong-Won Bae
- Biomaterial Analytical Laboratory, Central Instruments Facility, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Wurms K, Ah Chee A, Stannard K, Anderson R, Jensen D, Cooney J, Hedderley D. Defence Responses Associated with Elicitor-Induced, Cultivar-Associated Resistance to Latania Scale in Kiwifruit. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:10. [PMID: 35009014 PMCID: PMC8747134 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Latania scale insect is a pest of global significance affecting kiwifruit. The sessile insect (life stage: settled crawler-mature adult) is covered with a waxy cap that protects it from topical pesticides, so increasingly, a selection of resistant cultivars and application of elicitors are being used in pest control. Thus far, the application of a salicylic acid (SA) phytohormone pathway elicitor, acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), has been shown to reduce insect development (as indicated by cap size) on one kiwifruit cultivar ('Hayward'). To investigate how cultivar-associated resistance is affected by the ability to respond to different elicitors, we measured phytohormones (by LCMS) and gene expression (by qPCR and NanoString) on latania scale-tolerant 'Hort16A' and susceptible 'Hayward' kiwifruit over two seasons. Potted plants in the presence/absence of settled latania scales were treated with ASM (0.2 g/L) or methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 0.05% v/v), representing elicitors of the SA and JA signalling pathways, respectively. 'Hort16A' cultivar resistance to latania scale was associated with elevated expression of SA and SA-related defence genes (PR1 and two PR2 family genes) in the ASM treatment. MeJA treatments did not significantly affect insect development in 'Hayward' (latania scale did not survive on 'Hort16A') and did not correlate with phytohormone and gene expression measurements in either cultivar. 'Hayward' had greater concentrations than 'Hort16A' of inert storage forms of both SA and JA across all treatments. This information contributes to the selection of tolerant cultivars and the effective use of elicitors for control of latania scale in kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Wurms
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Private Bag 3230, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (A.A.C.); (D.J.); (J.C.)
| | - Annette Ah Chee
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Private Bag 3230, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (A.A.C.); (D.J.); (J.C.)
| | - Kate Stannard
- Plant & Food Research, 412 No. 1 Road, RD2, Te Puke 3182, New Zealand; (K.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Rachelle Anderson
- Plant & Food Research, 412 No. 1 Road, RD2, Te Puke 3182, New Zealand; (K.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Dwayne Jensen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Private Bag 3230, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (A.A.C.); (D.J.); (J.C.)
| | - Janine Cooney
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Private Bag 3230, Waikato Mail Centre, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; (A.A.C.); (D.J.); (J.C.)
| | - Duncan Hedderley
- Plant & Food Research, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
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21
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Satureja montana Essential Oil, Zein Nanoparticles and Their Combination as a Biocontrol Strategy to Reduce Bacterial Spot Disease on Tomato Plants. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7120584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tomato bacterial spot (Bs), caused by Xanthomonas spp., including X. euvesicatoria (Xeu) remains a major threat for tomato production. The emergence of copper resistance strains of Xeu calls urgently for eco-friendly phytosanitary treatments as sustainable green alternatives for disease control. Satureja spp. essential oil (EO) has antimicrobial activity against xanthomonads and combined with zein nanoparticles (ZNPs), might offer a viable option for field applications. This study aims to evaluate the effects of S. montana EO, of ZNPs, and their combination in a nanoformulation, on Xeu quantity, and how these compounds modulate molecular and physiological changes in the pathosystem. Uninfected and infected tomato plants (var. Oxheart) were treated with EO; ZNPs and nanoformulation (EO + ZNPs). Treatments reduced Xeu amount by a minimum of 1.6-fold (EO) and a maximum of 202-fold (ZNPs) and improved plants’ health. Nanoformulation and ZNPs increased plants’ phenolic content. ZNPs significantly increased GPX activity and reduced CAT activity. Overall treatments upregulated transcripts of the phenylpropanoid pathway in infected plants, while ZNPs and nanoformulation upregulated those transcripts in uninfected plants. Both sod and aao transcripts were downregulated by treatments in infected plants. These findings demonstrate that S. montana EO, ZNPs and their nanoformulation are suitable to integrate tomato bacterial spot management strategies, mainly due to their antimicrobial activity on Xeu, however further field studies clarifying the long-term action of these products are required. These results also support the prophylactic potential of ZNPs on tomato bacterial spot.
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22
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Non-Targeted Metabolite Profiling Reveals Host Metabolomic Reprogramming during the Interaction of Black Pepper with Phytophthora capsici. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111433. [PMID: 34768864 PMCID: PMC8583951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytophthora capsici is one of the most destructive pathogens causing quick wilt (foot rot) disease in black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) to which no effective resistance has been defined. To better understand the P. nigrum-P. capsici pathosystem, we employed metabolomic approaches based on flow-infusion electrospray-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Changes in the leaf metabolome were assessed in infected and systemic tissues at 24 and 48 hpi. Principal Component Analysis of the derived data indicated that the infected leaves showed a rapid metabolic response by 24 hpi whereas the systemic leaves took 48 hpi to respond to the infection. The major sources of variations between infected leaf and systemic leaf were identified, and enrichment pathway analysis indicated, major shifts in amino acid, tricarboxylic acid cycle, nucleotide and vitamin B6 metabolism upon infection. Moreover, the individual metabolites involved in defensive phytohormone signalling were identified. RT-qPCR analysis of key salicylate and jasmonate biosynthetic genes indicated a transient reduction of expression at 24 hpi but this increased subsequently. Exogenous application of jasmonate and salicylate reduced P. capsici disease symptoms, but this effect was suppressed with the co-application of abscisic acid. The results are consistent with abscisic acid reprogramming, salicylate and jasmonate defences in infected leaves to facilitate the formation of disease. The augmentation of salicylate and jasmonate defences could represent an approach through which quick wilt disease could be controlled in black pepper.
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23
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Ojeda-Martinez D, Martinez M, Diaz I, Estrella Santamaria M. Spider mite egg extract modifies Arabidopsis response to future infestations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17692. [PMID: 34489518 PMCID: PMC8421376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97245-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional plant responses are an important aspect of herbivore oviposition studies. However, most of our current knowledge is derived from studies using Lepidopteran models, where egg-laying and feeding are separate events in time. Little is known regarding plant response to pests where females feed and oviposit simultaneously. The present study characterized oviposition-induced transcriptomic response of Arabidopsis to Tetranychus urticae egg extracts. Transcriptional evidence indicates that early events in plant response to the egg extract involve responses typical to biotic stresses, which include the alteration in the levels of Ca2+ and ROS, the modification of pathways regulated by the phytohormones jasmonic acid and ethylene, and the production of volatiles and glucosinolates as defence mechanisms. These molecular changes affect female fertility, which was significantly reduced when mites fed on plants pre-exposed to the egg extract. However, longer periods of plant exposure to egg extract cause changes in the transcriptional response of the plant reveal a trend to a decrease in the activation of the defensive response. This alteration correlated with a shift at 72 h of exposition in the effect of the mite feeding. At that point, plants become more susceptible and suffer higher damage when challenged by the mite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dairon Ojeda-Martinez
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Martinez
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5690.a0000 0001 2151 2978Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain ,grid.5690.a0000 0001 2151 2978Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Estrella Santamaria
- grid.419190.40000 0001 2300 669XCentro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
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24
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Kazerooni EA, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Al-Sadi AM, Kang SM, Yun BW, Lee IJ. Biocontrol Potential of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against Botrytis pelargonii and Alternaria alternata on Capsicum annuum. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7060472. [PMID: 34200967 PMCID: PMC8230671 DOI: 10.3390/jof7060472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the ability of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, to augment plant growth and suppress gray mold and leaf spot in pepper plants. Morphological modifications in fungal pathogen hyphae that expanded toward the PGPR colonies were detected via scanning electron microscope. Furthermore, preliminary screening showed that PGPR could produce various hydrolytic enzymes in its media. Treatments with B. amyloliquefaciens suppressed Botrytis gray mold and Alternaria leaf spot diseases on pepper caused by Botrytis pelargonii and Alternaria alternata, respectively. The PGPR strain modulated plant physio-biochemical processes. The inoculation of pepper with PGPR decreased protein, amino acid, antioxidant, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, and abscisic acid levels but increased salicylic acid and sugar levels compared to those of uninoculated plants, indicating a mitigation of the adverse effects of biotic stress. Moreover, gene expression studies confirmed physio-biochemical findings. PGPR inoculation led to increased expression of the CaXTH genes and decreased expression of CaAMP1, CaPR1, CaDEF1, CaWRKY2, CaBI-1, CaASRF1, CaSBP11, and CaBiP genes. Considering its beneficial effects, the inoculation of B. amyloliquefaciens can be proposed as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ahmed Kazerooni
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
- Correspondence: (E.A.K.); (I.-J.L.)
| | | | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Oman;
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (S.-M.K.); (B.-W.Y.)
- Correspondence: (E.A.K.); (I.-J.L.)
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25
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Xiao S, Hu Q, Shen J, Liu S, Yang Z, Chen K, Klosterman SJ, Javornik B, Zhang X, Zhu L. GhMYB4 downregulates lignin biosynthesis and enhances cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:735-751. [PMID: 33638657 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
GhMYB4 acts as a negative regulator in lignin biosynthesis, which results in alteration of cell wall integrity and activation of cotton defense response. Verticillium wilt of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae) represents one of the most important constraints of cotton production worldwide. Mining of the genes involved in disease resistance and illuminating the molecular mechanisms that underlie this resistance is of great importance in cotton breeding programs. Defense-induced lignification in plants is necessary for innate immunity, and there are reports of a correlation between increased lignification and disease resistance. In this study, we present an example in cotton whereby plants with reduced lignin content also exhibit enhanced disease resistance. We identified a negative regulator of lignin synthesis, in cotton encoded in GhMYB4. Overexpression of GhMYB4 in cotton and Arabidopsis enhanced resistance to V. dahliae with reduced lignin deposition. Moreover, GhMYB4 could bind the promoters of several genes involved in lignin synthesis, such as GhC4H-1, GhC4H-2, Gh4CL-4, and GhCAD-3, and impair their expression. The reduction of lignin content in GhMYB4-overexpressing cotton led to alterations of cell wall integrity (CWI) and released more oligogalacturonides (OGs) which may act as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to stimulate plant defense responses. In support of this hypothesis, exogenous application with polygalacturonic acid (PGA) in cotton activated biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (JA) and JA-mediated defense against V. dahliae, similar to that described for cotton plants overexpressing GhMYB4. This study provides a new candidate gene for cotton disease-resistant breeding and an increased understanding of the relationship between lignin synthesis, OG release, and plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430000, Hubei, China
| | - Jili Shen
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shiming Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhaoguang Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Steven J Klosterman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Salinas, CA, 93905, USA
| | - Branka Javornik
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Breeding, Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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26
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Responses to Drought Stress Modulate the Susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola in Vitis vinifera Self-Rooted Cuttings. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020273. [PMID: 33573332 PMCID: PMC7912678 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Climate change will increase the occurrence of plants being simultaneously subjected to drought and pathogen stress. Drought can alter the way in which plants respond to pathogens. This research addresses how grapevine responds to the concurrent challenge of drought stress and Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of downy mildew, and how one stress affects the other. Self-rooted cuttings of the drought-tolerant grapevine cultivar Xynisteri and the drought-sensitive cultivar Chardonnay were exposed to full or deficit irrigation (40% of full irrigation) and artificially inoculated with P. viticola in vitro or in planta. Leaves were sampled at an early infection stage to determine the influence of the single and combined stresses on oxidative parameters, chlorophyll, and phytohormones. Under full irrigation, Xynisteri was more susceptible to P. viticola than the drought-sensitive cultivar Chardonnay. Drought stress increased the susceptibility of grapevine leaves inoculated in vitro, but both cultivars showed resistance against P. viticola when inoculated in planta. Abscisic acid, rather than jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, seemed to play a prominent role in this resistance. The irrigation-dependent susceptibility observed in this study indicates that the practices used to mitigate the effects of climate change may have a profound impact on plant pathogens.
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Waheed S, Anwar M, Saleem MA, Wu J, Tayyab M, Hu Z. The Critical Role of Small RNAs in Regulating Plant Innate Immunity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020184. [PMID: 33572741 PMCID: PMC7912340 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants, due to their sessile nature, have an innate immune system that helps them to defend against different pathogen infections. The defense response of plants is composed of a highly regulated and complex molecular network, involving the extensive reprogramming of gene expression during the presence of pathogenic molecular signatures. Plants attain proper defense against pathogens through the transcriptional regulation of genes encoding defense regulatory proteins and hormone signaling pathways. Small RNAs are emerging as versatile regulators of plant development and act in different tiers of plant immunity, including pathogen-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). The versatile regulatory functions of small RNAs in plant growth and development and response to biotic and abiotic stresses have been widely studied in recent years. However, available information regarding the contribution of small RNAs in plant immunity against pathogens is more limited. This review article will focus on the role of small RNAs in innate immunity in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saquib Waheed
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (Z.H.)
| | - Muhammad Asif Saleem
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Muhammad Tayyab
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-Environmental Science, Longhua Innovation Institute for Biotechnology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (Z.H.)
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Muñoz-Barrios A, Sopeña-Torres S, Ramos B, López G, Del Hierro I, Díaz-González S, González-Melendi P, Mélida H, Fernández-Calleja V, Mixão V, Martín-Dacal M, Marcet-Houben M, Gabaldón T, Sacristán S, Molina A. Differential Expression of Fungal Genes Determines the Lifestyle of Plectosphaerella Strains During Arabidopsis thaliana Colonization. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:1299-1314. [PMID: 32720872 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-03-20-0057-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fungal genus Plectosphaerella comprises species and strains with different lifestyles on plants, such as P. cucumerina, which has served as model for the characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana basal and nonhost resistance to necrotrophic fungi. We have sequenced, annotated, and compared the genomes and transcriptomes of three Plectosphaerella strains with different lifestyles on A. thaliana, namely, PcBMM, a natural pathogen of wild-type plants (Col-0), Pc2127, a nonpathogenic strain on Col-0 but pathogenic on the immunocompromised cyp79B2 cyp79B3 mutant, and P0831, which was isolated from a natural population of A. thaliana and is shown here to be nonpathogenic and to grow epiphytically on Col-0 and cyp79B2 cyp79B3 plants. The genomes of these Plectosphaerella strains are very similar and do not differ in the number of genes with pathogenesis-related functions, with the exception of secreted carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), which are up to five times more abundant in the pathogenic strain PcBMM. Analysis of the fungal transcriptomes in inoculated Col-0 and cyp79B2 cyp79B3 plants at initial colonization stages confirm the key role of secreted CAZymes in the necrotrophic interaction, since PcBMM expresses more genes encoding secreted CAZymes than Pc2127 and P0831. We also show that P0831 epiphytic growth on A. thaliana involves the transcription of specific repertoires of fungal genes, which might be necessary for epiphytic growth adaptation. Overall, these results suggest that in-planta expression of specific sets of fungal genes at early stages of colonization determine the diverse lifestyles and pathogenicity of Plectosphaerella strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Muñoz-Barrios
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo-UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Sopeña-Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo-UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Brisa Ramos
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo-UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Gemma López
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo-UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Irene Del Hierro
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo-UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Díaz-González
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo-UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo González-Melendi
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo-UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugo Mélida
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo-UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Vanessa Fernández-Calleja
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo-UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Verónica Mixão
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Martín-Dacal
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo-UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Marcet-Houben
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Gabaldón
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soledad Sacristán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo-UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo-UPM, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain
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Hewage KAH, Yang J, Wang D, Hao G, Yang G, Zhu J. Chemical Manipulation of Abscisic Acid Signaling: A New Approach to Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management in Agriculture. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001265. [PMID: 32999840 PMCID: PMC7509701 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is the best-known stress signaling molecule in plants. ABA protects sessile land plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. The conserved pyrabactin resistance/pyrabactin resistance-like/regulatory component of ABA receptors (PYR/PYL/RCAR) perceives ABA and triggers a cascade of signaling events. A thorough knowledge of the sequential steps of ABA signaling will be necessary for the development of chemicals that control plant stress responses. The core components of the ABA signaling pathway have been identified with adequate characterization. The information available concerning ABA biosynthesis, transport, perception, and metabolism has enabled detailed functional studies on how the protective ability of ABA in plants might be modified to increase plant resistance to stress. Some of the significant contributions to chemical manipulation include ABA biosynthesis inhibitors, and ABA receptor agonists and antagonists. Chemical manipulation of key control points in ABA signaling is important for abiotic and biotic stress management in agriculture. However, a comprehensive review of the current knowledge of chemical manipulation of ABA signaling is lacking. Here, a thorough analysis of recent reports on small-molecule modulation of ABA signaling is provided. The challenges and prospects in the chemical manipulation of ABA signaling for the development of ABA-based agrochemicals are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalani Achala H. Hewage
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Jing‐Fang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Ge‐Fei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical BiologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistryCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and HealthCentral China Normal UniversityWuhan430079P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and EngineeringTianjin300072P. R. China
| | - Jian‐Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biologyand CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai20032P. R. China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape ArchitecturePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
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García-Andrade J, González B, Gonzalez-Guzman M, Rodriguez PL, Vera P. The Role of ABA in Plant Immunity is Mediated through the PYR1 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165852. [PMID: 32824010 PMCID: PMC7461614 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
ABA is involved in plant responses to a broad range of pathogens and exhibits complex antagonistic and synergistic relationships with salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways, respectively. However, the specific receptor of ABA that triggers the positive and negative responses of ABA during immune responses remains unknown. Through a reverse genetic analysis, we identified that PYR1, a member of the family of PYR/PYL/RCAR ABA receptors, is transcriptionally upregulated and specifically perceives ABA during biotic stress, initiating downstream signaling mediated by ABA-activated SnRK2 protein kinases. This exerts a damping effect on SA-mediated signaling, required for resistance to biotrophic pathogens, and simultaneously a positive control over the resistance to necrotrophic pathogens controlled by ET. We demonstrated that PYR1-mediated signaling exerted control on a priori established hormonal cross-talk between SA and ET, thereby redirecting defense outputs. Defects in ABA/PYR1 signaling activated SA biosynthesis and sensitized plants for immune priming by poising SA-responsive genes for enhanced expression. As a trade-off effect, pyr1-mediated activation of the SA pathway blunted ET perception, which is pivotal for the activation of resistance towards fungal necrotrophs. The specific perception of ABA by PYR1 represented a regulatory node, modulating different outcomes in disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pablo Vera
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-963877884; Fax: +34-963877859
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Aybeke M. Aspergillus alliaceus infection fatally shifts Orobanche hormones and phenolic metabolism. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:883-892. [PMID: 32363566 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the physio pathological effects of Aspergillus alliaceus (Aa, fungi, biocontrol agent) on Orobanche (parasitic plant) were investigated by hormone and phenolic substance tests. In experimental group, Orobanches were treated with the fungi, considering control group was fungus-free. Based on the hormonal tests, in the experimental group, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) levels significantly decreased, and only indole acetic acid (IAA) hormone levels were fairly higher than the control group. According to phenolic substance tests, it was found that only gallic acid, syringic acid and caffeic acid values significantly increased compared with control, and catechin and p-coumaric acid values were significantly lower. Consequently, it was determined that Aa pathogenesis (1) considerably reduces the effects of all defence hormones (JA, ABA, SA), (2) operates an inadequate defence based solely on the IAA hormone and several phenolic substances (gallic acid, syringic acid and caffeic acid), (3) and inevitably the fungi lead the Orobanche to a slow and continuous death. The results were evaluated in detail in the light of similar recent article and current literature in terms of biocontrol and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Aybeke
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Balkan Campus, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne, Turkey.
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32
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Bacete L, Hamann T. The Role of Mechanoperception in Plant Cell Wall Integrity Maintenance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E574. [PMID: 32369932 PMCID: PMC7285163 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The plant cell walls surrounding all plant cells are highly dynamic structures, which change their composition and organization in response to chemical and physical stimuli originating both in the environment and in plants themselves. They are intricately involved in all interactions between plants and their environment while also providing adaptive structural support during plant growth and development. A key mechanism contributing to these adaptive changes is the cell wall integrity (CWI) maintenance mechanism. It monitors and maintains the functional integrity of cell walls by initiating adaptive changes in cellular and cell wall metabolism. Despite its importance, both our understanding of its mode of action and knowledge regarding the molecular components that form it are limited. Intriguingly, the available evidence implicates mechanosensing in the mechanism. Here, we provide an overview of the knowledge available regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in and discuss how mechanoperception and signal transduction may contribute to plant CWI maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thorsten Hamann
- Institute for Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 5 Høgskoleringen, 7491 Trondheim, Norway;
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Liu H, Xue X, Yu Y, Xu M, Lu C, Meng X, Zhang B, Ding X, Chu Z. Copper ions suppress abscisic acid biosynthesis to enhance defence against Phytophthora infestans in potato. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:636-651. [PMID: 32077242 PMCID: PMC7170774 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper-based antimicrobial compounds are widely and historically used to control plant diseases, such as late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans, which seriously affects the yield and quality of potato. We previously identified that copper ion (Cu2+ ) acts as an extremely sensitive elicitor to induce ethylene (ET)-dependent immunity in Arabidopsis. Here, we found that Cu2+ induces the defence response to P. infestans in potato. Cu2+ suppresses the transcription of the abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic genes StABA1 and StNCED1, resulting in decreased ABA content. Treatment with ABA or inhibitor fluridone made potato more susceptible or resistance to late blight, respectively. In addition, potato with knockdown of StABA1 or StNCED1 showed greater resistance to late blight, suggesting that ABA negatively regulates potato resistance to P. infestans. Cu2+ also promotes the rapid biosynthesis of ET. Potato plants treated with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate showed enhanced resistance to late blight. Repressed expression of StEIN2 or StEIN3 resulted in enhanced transcription of StABA1 and StNCED1, accumulation of ABA and susceptibility to P. infestans. Consistently, StEIN3 directly binds to the promoter regions of StABA1 and StNCED1. Overall, we concluded that Cu2+ triggers the defence response to potato late blight by activating ET biosynthesis to inhibit the biosynthesis of ABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai anShandongPR China
| | - Xiao‐Jing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai anShandongPR China
| | - Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai anShandongPR China
| | - Ming‐Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai anShandongPR China
| | - Chong‐Chong Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect PestsCollege of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai anShandongPR China
| | - Xuan‐Lin Meng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect PestsCollege of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai anShandongPR China
| | - Bao‐Gang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect PestsCollege of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai anShandongPR China
- Vector‐borne Virus Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujianPR China
| | - Xin‐Hua Ding
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect PestsCollege of Plant ProtectionShandong Agricultural UniversityTai anShandongPR China
| | - Zhao‐Hui Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop BiologyCollege of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai anShandongPR China
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Boba A, Kostyn K, Kozak B, Wojtasik W, Preisner M, Prescha A, Gola EM, Lysh D, Dudek B, Szopa J, Kulma A. Fusarium oxysporum infection activates the plastidial branch of the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway in flax, leading to increased ABA synthesis. PLANTA 2020; 251:50. [PMID: 31950395 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Upregulation of the terpenoid pathway and increased ABA content in flax upon Fusarium infection leads to activation of the early plant's response (PR genes, cell wall remodeling, and redox status). Plants have developed a number of defense strategies against the adverse effects of fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum. One such defense is the production of antioxidant secondary metabolites, which fall into two main groups: the phenylpropanoids and the terpenoids. While functions and biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids have been extensively studied, very little is known about the genes controlling the terpenoid synthesis pathway in flax. They can serve as antioxidants, but are also substrates for a plethora of different compounds, including those of regulatory functions, like ABA. ABA's function during pathogen attack remains obscure and often depends on the specific plant-pathogen interactions. In our study we showed that in flax the non-mevalonate pathway is strongly activated in the early hours of pathogen infection and that there is a redirection of metabolites towards ABA synthesis. The elevated synthesis of ABA correlates with flax resistance to F. oxysporum, thus we suggest ABA to be a positive regulator of the plant's early response to the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Boba
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Kamil Kostyn
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Plant Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 24A, 53-363, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kozak
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Plant Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 24A, 53-363, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wioleta Wojtasik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Preisner
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Plant Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 24A, 53-363, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Prescha
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. Borowska 211, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Edyta M Gola
- Deptartment of Plant Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wrocław, Kanonia 6/8, 50-328, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dzmitry Lysh
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Barbara Dudek
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Szopa
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Plant Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 24A, 53-363, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Kulma
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148, Wrocław, Poland.
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Huang S, Zhang X, Fernando WGD. Directing Trophic Divergence in Plant-Pathogen Interactions: Antagonistic Phytohormones With NO Doubt? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:600063. [PMID: 33343601 PMCID: PMC7744310 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.600063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental process culminating in the mechanisms of plant-pathogen interactions is the regulation of trophic divergence into biotrophic, hemibiotrophic, and necrotrophic interactions. Plant hormones, of almost all types, play significant roles in this regulatory apparatus. In plant-pathogen interactions, two classical mechanisms underlying hormone-dependent trophic divergence are long recognized. While salicylic acid dominates in the execution of host defense response against biotrophic and early-stage hemibiotrophic pathogens, jasmonic acid, and ethylene are key players facilitating host defense response against necrotrophic and later-stage hemibiotrophic pathogens. Evidence increasingly suggests that trophic divergence appears to be modulated by more complex signaling networks. Acting antagonistically or agonistically, other hormones such as auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, gibberellins, brassinosteroids, and strigolactones, as well as nitric oxide, are emerging candidates in the regulation of trophic divergence. In this review, the latest advances in the dynamic regulation of trophic divergence are summarized, emphasizing common and contrasting hormonal and nitric oxide signaling strategies deployed in plant-pathogen interactions.
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Fan Y, Yang W, Yan Q, Chen C, Li J. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Protease Inhibitor Gene Families in Tomato. Genes (Basel) 2019; 11:E1. [PMID: 31861342 PMCID: PMC7017114 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The protease inhibitors (PIs) in plants are involved primarily in defense against pathogens and pests and in response to abiotic stresses. However, information about the PI gene families in tomato (Solanumlycopersicum), one of the most important model plant for crop species, is limited. In this study, in silico analysis identified 55 PI genes and their conserved domains, phylogenetic relationships, and chromosome locations were characterized. According to genetic structure and evolutionary relationships, the PI gene families were divided into seven families. Genome-wide microarray transcription analysis indicated that the expression of SlPI genes can be induced by abiotic (heat, drought, and salt) and biotic (Botrytiscinerea and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV)) stresses. In addition, expression analysis using RNA-seq in various tissues and developmental stages revealed that some SlPI genes were highly or preferentially expressed, showing tissue- and developmental stage-specific expression profiles. The expressions of four representative SlPI genes in response to abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (Eth), gibberellic acid (GA). and methyl viologen (MV) were determined. Our findings indicated that PI genes may mediate the response of tomato plants to environmental stresses to balance hormone signals. The data obtained here will improve the understanding of the potential function of PI gene and lay a foundation for tomato breeding and transgenic resistance to stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Educatio, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.F.); (W.Y.); (Q.Y.); (C.C.)
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Educatio, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.F.); (W.Y.); (Q.Y.); (C.C.)
| | - Qingxia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Educatio, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.F.); (W.Y.); (Q.Y.); (C.C.)
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chunrui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Educatio, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.F.); (W.Y.); (Q.Y.); (C.C.)
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Educatio, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.F.); (W.Y.); (Q.Y.); (C.C.)
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
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Behrens FH, Schenke D, Hossain R, Ye W, Schemmel M, Bergmann T, Häder C, Zhao Y, Ladewig L, Zhu W, Cai D. Suppression of abscisic acid biosynthesis at the early infection stage of Verticillium longisporum in oilseed rape (Brassica napus). MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:1645-1661. [PMID: 31603283 PMCID: PMC6859492 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium longisporum infects oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and Arabidopsis thaliana. To investigate the early response of oilseed rape to the fungal infection, we determined transcriptomic changes in oilseed rape roots at 6 days post-inoculation (dpi) by RNA-Seq analysis, in which non-infected roots served as a control. Strikingly, a subset of genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis was found to be down-regulated and the ABA level was accordingly attenuated in 6 dpi oilseed rape as compared with the control. Gene expression analysis revealed that this was mainly attributed to the suppression of BnNCED3-mediated ABA biosynthesis, involving, for example, BnWRKY57. However, this down-regulation of ABA biosynthesis could not be observed in infected Arabidopsis roots. Arabidopsis ABA- defective mutants nced3 and aao3 displayed pronounced tolerance to the fungal infection with delayed and impeded symptom development, even though fungal colonization was not affected in both mutants. These data suggest that ABA appears to be required for full susceptibility of Arabidopsis to the fungal infection. Furthermore, we found that in both 6 dpi oilseed rape and the Arabidopsis nced3 mutant, the salicylic acid (SA) signalling pathway was induced while the jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) signalling pathway was concomitantly mitigated. Following these data, we conclude that in oilseed rape the V. longisporum infection triggers a host-specific suppression of the NCED3-mediated ABA biosynthesis, consequently increasing plant tolerance to the fungal infection. We believe that this might be part of the virulence strategy of V. longisporum to initiate/establish a long-lasting compatible interaction with oilseed rape (coexistence), which appears to be different from the infection process in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falk H. Behrens
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Dirk Schenke
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Roxana Hossain
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Wanzhi Ye
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Markus Schemmel
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Thomas Bergmann
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Claudia Häder
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Lena Ladewig
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Wenxuan Zhu
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
| | - Daguang Cai
- Institute of PhytopathologyDepartment of Molecular Phytopathology and BiotechnologyChristian‐Albrechts‐University of KielHermann Rodewald Str. 9D‐24118KielGermany
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Mildew Resistance Locus O Genes CsMLO1 and CsMLO2 Are Negative Modulators of the Cucumis sativus Defense Response to Corynespora cassiicola. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194793. [PMID: 31561602 PMCID: PMC6801717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corynespora leaf spot caused by Corynespora cassiicola is one of the major diseases in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). However, the resistance mechanisms and signals of cucumber to C. cassiicola are unclear. Here, we report that the mildew resistance locus O (MLO) genes, CsMLO1 and CsMLO2, are both negative modulators of the cucumber defense response to C. cassiicola. Subcellular localization analysis showed that CsMLO1 and CsMLO2 are localized in the plasma membrane. Expression analysis indicated that the transcript levels of CsMLO1 and CsMLO2 are linked to the defense response to C. cassiicola. Transient overexpression of either CsMLO1 or CsMLO2 in cucumber cotyledons reduced resistance to C. cassiicola, whereas silencing of either CsMLO1 or CsMLO2 enhanced resistance to C. cassiicola. The relationships of pathogenesis-related proteins, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated genes, and abscisic acid (ABA)-related genes to the overexpression and silencing of CsMLO1/CsMLO2 in non-infested cucumber plants were investigated. The results indicated that CsMLO1 mediated resistance against C. cassiicola by regulating the expression of pathogenesis-related proteins and ROS-associated genes, as well as through ABA signaling pathway-associated genes. The CsMLO2-mediated resistance against C. cassiicola primarily involves regulation of the expression of pathogenesis-related proteins. Our findings will guide strategies to enhance the resistance of cucumber to corynespora leaf spot.
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Islam MT, Lee BR, Park SH, La VH, Jung WJ, Bae DW, Kim TH. Hormonal regulations in soluble and cell-wall bound phenolic accumulation in two cultivars of Brassica napus contrasting susceptibility to Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 285:132-140. [PMID: 31203877 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc)- responsive soluble and cell wall-bound hydroxycinnamic acids (HAs) and flavonoids accumulation in relation to hormonal changes in two Brassica napus cultivars contrasting disease susceptibility were interpreted with regard to the disease resistance. At 14-day post inoculation with Xcc, disease resistance in cv. Capitol was distinguished by an accumulation of specific (HAs) and flavonoids particularly in cell-wall bound form, and was characterized by higher endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) resulting in a decrease of JA-based balance with other hormones, as well as enhanced expression of JA signaling that was concurrently based on upregulation of PAP1 (production of anthocyanin pigment 1), MYB transcription factor, and phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes. Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed higher amounts of esterified phenolic acids in cv. Capitol. These results indicate that enhanced JA levels and signaling in resistant cultivar was associated with a higher accumulation of HAs and flavonoids, particularly in the cell wall-bound form, and vice versa in the susceptible cultivar (cv. Mosa) with enhanced SA-, ABA-, and CK- levels and signaling. Thus the JA-mediated phenolic metabolites accumulation is an important feature for the management and breeding program to develop disease-resistant B. napus cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tabibul Islam
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bok-Rye Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Asian Pear Research Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Park
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Van Hien La
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Jung
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Won Bae
- Central Instrument Facility, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Coelho J, Almeida-Trapp M, Pimentel D, Soares F, Reis P, Rego C, Mithöfer A, Fortes AM. The study of hormonal metabolism of Trincadeira and Syrah cultivars indicates new roles of salicylic acid, jasmonates, ABA and IAA during grape ripening and upon infection with Botrytis cinerea. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 283:266-277. [PMID: 31128697 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hormones play an important role in fruit ripening and in response to biotic stress. Nevertheless, analyses of hormonal profiling during plant development and defense are scarce. In this work, changes in hormonal metabolism in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) were compared between a susceptible (Trincadeira) and a tolerant (Syrah) variety during grape ripening and upon infection with Botrytis cinerea. Infection of grapes with the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea leads to significant economic losses worldwide. Peppercorn-sized fruits were infected in the field and mock-treated and infected berries were collected at green, veraison and harvest stages for hormone analysis and targeted qPCR analysis of genes involved in hormonal metabolism and signaling. Results indicate a substantial reprogramming of hormonal metabolism during grape ripening and in response to fungal attack. Syrah and Trincadeira presented differences in the metabolism of abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonates during grape ripening that may be connected to fruit quality. On the other hand, high basal levels of salicylic acid (SA), jasmonates and IAA at an early stage of ripening, together with activated SA, jasmonates and IAA signaling, likely enable a fast defense response leading to grape resistance/ tolerance towards B. cinerea. The balance among the different phytohormones seems to depend on the ripening stage and on the intra-specific genetic background and may be fundamental in providing resistance or susceptibility. In addition, this study indicated the involvement of SA and IAA in defense against necrotrophic pathogens and gains insights into possible strategies for conventional breeding and/or gene editing aiming at improving grape quality and grape resistance against Botrytis cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Coelho
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marilia Almeida-Trapp
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Diana Pimentel
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Flávio Soares
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Reis
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecília Rego
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Ana Margarida Fortes
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, BioISI, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Yuan S, Yan J, Wang M, Ding X, Zhang Y, Li W, Cao J, Jiang W. Transcriptomic and Metabolic Profiling Reveals 'Green Ring' and 'Red Ring' on Jujube Fruit upon Postharvest Alternaria alternata Infection. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:844-861. [PMID: 30605542 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alternaria alternata is the major threat to postharvest storage of jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) fruit. We found that natural A. alternata infection can cause very typical phenotype of 'green ring' and 'red ring' surrounding the disease spot on the jujube fruit. The phenotype was successfully modeled and constructed on jujubes by artificial inoculation with the pathogen. Furthermore, the pathogenic infection is evidenced essential to the onset of the phenotype. The 'red ring' circle is proved to be pre-fixed to block the 'green ring' area as a battlefield combating the pathogen's attack. We monitored the global transcriptomic profiling of 'green ring' and 'red ring' tissues from jujubes infected with A. alternata, in comparison with the mock-inoculated fruit and the control intact fruit. Large amount of differentially expressed genes were obtained in 'green ring', followed by 'red ring'. Transcriptional alterations associated with the core and peripheral phenylpropanoid and lignin pathways, plant hormonal metabolisms were greatly influenced in the 'green ring' and 'red ring' by the A. alternata infection. The integrated analysis of transcriptomic profiling and metabolic changes revealed the differentially but delicately coordinated activation of these biological processes in the 'green ring' and 'red ring' on jujubes in defensing the fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhi Yuan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Yan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, No. 9 Middle Road of Shuguanghuayuan, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Ding
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wusun Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiankang Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 17 Qinghuadonglu Road, Beijing, P. R. China
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Kitagawa M, Tomoi T, Fukushima T, Sakata Y, Sato M, Toyooka K, Fujita T, Sakakibara H. Abscisic Acid Acts as a Regulator of Molecular Trafficking through Plasmodesmata in the Moss Physcomitrella patens. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:738-751. [PMID: 30597108 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In multi-cellular organisms, cell-to-cell communication is crucial for adapting to changes in the surrounding environment. In plants, plasmodesmata (PD) provide a unique pathway for cell-to-cell communication. PD interconnect most cells and generate a cytoplasmic continuum, allowing the trafficking of various micro- and macromolecules between cells. This molecular trafficking through PD is dynamically regulated by altering PD permeability dependent on environmental changes, thereby leading to an appropriate response to various stresses; however, how PD permeability is dynamically regulated is still largely unknown. Moreover, studies on the regulation of PD permeability have been conducted primarily in a limited number of angiosperms. Here, we studied the regulation of PD permeability in the moss Physcomitrella patens and report that molecular trafficking through PD is rapidly and reversibly restricted by abscisic acid (ABA). Since ABA plays a key role in various stress responses in the moss, PD permeability can be controlled by ABA to adapt to surrounding environmental changes. This ABA-dependent restriction of PD trafficking correlates with a reduction in PD pore size. Furthermore, we also found that the rate of macromolecular trafficking is higher in an ABA-synthesis defective mutant, suggesting that the endogenous level of ABA is also important for PD-mediated macromolecular trafficking. Thus, our study provides compelling evidence that P. patens exploits ABA as one of the key regulators of PD function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munenori Kitagawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takumi Tomoi
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoki Fukushima
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sakata
- Department of BioScience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Sato
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiminori Toyooka
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomomichi Fujita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
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Escudero V, Torres MÁ, Delgado M, Sopeña-Torres S, Swami S, Morales J, Muñoz-Barrios A, Mélida H, Jones AM, Jordá L, Molina A. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase 1 (MKP1) Negatively Regulates the Production of Reactive Oxygen Species During Arabidopsis Immune Responses. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:464-478. [PMID: 30387369 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-18-0217-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic ablation of the β subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein complex in agb1-2 confers defective activation of microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP)-triggered immunity, resulting in agb1-2 enhanced susceptibility to pathogens like the fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM. A mutant screen for suppressors of agb1-2 susceptibility (sgb) to P. cucumerina BMM identified sgb10, a new null allele (mkp1-2) of the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP1). The enhanced susceptibility of agb1-2 to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis is also abrogated by mkp1-2. MKP1 negatively balances production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by MAMPs, since ROS levels are enhanced in mkp1. The expression of RBOHD, encoding a NADPH oxidase-producing ROS, is upregulated in mkp1 upon MAMP treatment or pathogen infection. Moreover, MKP1 negatively regulates RBOHD activity, because ROS levels upon MAMP treatment are increased in mkp1 plants constitutively overexpressing RBOHD (35S::RBOHD mkp1). A significant reprograming of mkp1 metabolic profile occurs with more than 170 metabolites, including antimicrobial compounds, showing differential accumulation in comparison with wild-type plants. These results suggest that MKP1 functions downstream of the heterotrimeric G protein during MAMP-triggered immunity, directly regulating the activity of RBOHD and ROS production as well as other immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Escudero
- 1 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- 2 Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040-Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Miguel Ángel Torres
- 1 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- 2 Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040-Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Magdalena Delgado
- 1 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- 2 Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040-Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Sara Sopeña-Torres
- 1 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- 2 Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040-Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Sanjay Swami
- 1 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- 2 Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040-Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Jorge Morales
- 1 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- 2 Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040-Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Antonio Muñoz-Barrios
- 1 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- 2 Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040-Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Hugo Mélida
- 1 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Alan M Jones
- 3 Departments of Biology and Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, U.S.A
| | - Lucía Jordá
- 1 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- 2 Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040-Madrid, Spain; and
| | - Antonio Molina
- 1 Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo, 28223-Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- 2 Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040-Madrid, Spain; and
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Li J, Wang X. Phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid in plant immunity. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 279:45-50. [PMID: 30709492 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase D (PLD) hydrolyzes membrane phospholipids to generate phosphatidic acid (PA). Both PLD and its lipid product PA are involved in various physiological processes, including plant response to pathogens. The PLD family is comprised of multiple members in higher plants, and PLDs have been reported to play positive and/or negative roles in plant immunity, depending on the types of pathogens and specific PLDs involved. Individual PLDs have distinguishable biochemical properties, such as Ca2+ and phosphatidylinositide requirements. In addition, PLDs and PA are found to interact with various proteins in hormone and stress signaling. The different biochemical and regulatory properties of PLDs and PA shed light on the mechanisms for the functional diversity of PLDs in plant defense signaling and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwu Li
- Henan Agricultural University, Henan, 450002, China; Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, United States; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, United States.
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, United States; Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, United States.
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45
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A rapid LC-MS method for qualitative and quantitative profiling of plant apocarotenoids. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1035:87-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Gamir J, Pastor V, Sánchez-Bel P, Agut B, Mateu D, García-Andrade J, Flors V. Starch degradation, abscisic acid and vesicular trafficking are important elements in callose priming by indole-3-carboxylic acid in response to Plectosphaerella cucumerina infection. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:518-531. [PMID: 30051514 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A fast callose accumulation has been shown to mediate defence priming in certain plant-pathogen interactions, but the events upstream of callose assembly following chemical priming are poorly understood, mainly because those steps comprise sugar transfer to the infection site. β-Amino butyric acid (BABA)-induced resistance in Arabidopsis against Plectosphaerella cucumerina is known to be mediated by callose priming. Indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICOOH, also known as I3CA) mediates BABA-induced resistance in Arabidopsis against P. cucumerina. This indolic compound is found in a common fingerprint of primed metabolites following treatments with various priming stimuli. In the present study, we show that I3CA induces resistance in Arabidopsis against P. cucumerina and primes enhancement of callose accumulation. I3CA treatment increased abscisic acid (ABA) levels before infection with P. cucumerina. An intact ABA synthesis pathway is needed to activate a starch amylase (BAM1) to trigger augmented callose deposition against P. cucumerina during I3CA-IR. To verify the relevance of the BAM1 amylase in I3CA-IR, knockdown mutants and overexpressors of the BAM1 gene were tested. The mutant bam1 was impaired to express I3CA-IR, but complemented 35S::BAM1-YFP lines in the background of bam1 restored an intact I3CA-IR and callose priming. Therefore, a more active starch metabolism is a committed step for I3CA-IR, inducing callose priming in adult plants. Additionally, I3CA treatments induced expression of the ubiquitin ligase ATL31 and syntaxin SYP131, suggesting that vesicular trafficking is relevant for callose priming. As a final element in the callose priming, an intact Powdery Mildew resistant4 (PMR4) gene is also essential to fully express I3CA-IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Gamir
- Department of Soil Microbiology and Symbiotic Systems, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Profesor Albareda 1, Granada, Spain
| | - Victoria Pastor
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signalling Group, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Paloma Sánchez-Bel
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signalling Group, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Blas Agut
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signalling Group, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Diego Mateu
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signalling Group, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Javier García-Andrade
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-C.S.I.C, Ciudad Politécnica de la Innovación, Ingeniero Fausto Elio, Valencia, Spain
| | - Víctor Flors
- Metabolic Integration and Cell Signalling Group, Plant Physiology Section, Department of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
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Proietti S, Caarls L, Coolen S, Van Pelt JA, Van Wees SC, Pieterse CM. Genome-wide association study reveals novel players in defense hormone crosstalk in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2342-2356. [PMID: 29852537 PMCID: PMC6175328 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) regulates plant defenses against necrotrophic pathogens and insect herbivores. Salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) can antagonize JA-regulated defenses, thereby modulating pathogen or insect resistance. We performed a genome-wide association (GWA) study on natural genetic variation in Arabidopsis thaliana for the effect of SA and ABA on the JA pathway. We treated 349 Arabidopsis accessions with methyl JA (MeJA), or a combination of MeJA and either SA or ABA, after which expression of the JA-responsive marker gene PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 (PDF1.2) was quantified as a readout for GWA analysis. Both hormones antagonized MeJA-induced PDF1.2 in the majority of the accessions but with a large variation in magnitude. GWA mapping of the SA- and ABA-affected PDF1.2 expression data revealed loci associated with crosstalk. GLYI4 (encoding a glyoxalase) and ARR11 (encoding an Arabidopsis response regulator involved in cytokinin signalling) were confirmed by T-DNA insertion mutant analysis to affect SA-JA crosstalk and resistance against the necrotroph Botrytis cinerea. In addition, At1g16310 (encoding a cation efflux family protein) was confirmed to affect ABA-JA crosstalk and susceptibility to Mamestra brassicae herbivory. Collectively, this GWA study identified novel players in JA hormone crosstalk with potential roles in the regulation of pathogen or insect resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Proietti
- Plant‐Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4LifeUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Lotte Caarls
- Plant‐Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4LifeUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Silvia Coolen
- Plant‐Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4LifeUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Johan A. Van Pelt
- Plant‐Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4LifeUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Saskia C.M. Van Wees
- Plant‐Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4LifeUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Corné M.J. Pieterse
- Plant‐Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4LifeUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Boba A, Kostyn K, Preisner M, Wojtasik W, Szopa J, Kulma A. Expression of heterologous lycopene β-cyclase gene in flax can cause silencing of its endogenous counterpart by changes in gene-body methylation and in ABA homeostasis mechanism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:143-151. [PMID: 29579641 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Previously we described flax plants with expression of Arabidopsis lycopene β-cyclase (lcb) gene in which decreased expression of the endogenous lcb and increased resistance to fungal pathogen was observed. We suggested that co-suppression was responsible for the change. In this study we investigated the molecular basis of the observed effect in detail. We found that methylation changes in the Lulcb gene body might be responsible for repression of the gene. Treatment with azacitidine (DNA methylation inhibitor) confirmed the results. Moreover, we studied how the manipulation of carotenoid biosynthesis pathway increased ABA level in these plants. We suggest that elevated ABA levels may be responsible for the increased resistance of the flax plants to pathogen infection through activation of chitinase (PR gene).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Boba
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Kamil Kostyn
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Plant Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 24A, 53-363 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Marta Preisner
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Plant Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 24A, 53-363 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Wioleta Wojtasik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jan Szopa
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Plant Sciences, Plac Grunwaldzki 24A, 53-363 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Kulma
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Sopeña-Torres S, Jordá L, Sánchez-Rodríguez C, Miedes E, Escudero V, Swami S, López G, Piślewska-Bednarek M, Lassowskat I, Lee J, Gu Y, Haigis S, Alexander D, Pattathil S, Muñoz-Barrios A, Bednarek P, Somerville S, Schulze-Lefert P, Hahn MG, Scheel D, Molina A. YODA MAP3K kinase regulates plant immune responses conferring broad-spectrum disease resistance. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:661-680. [PMID: 29451312 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) cascades play essential roles in plants by transducing developmental cues and environmental signals into cellular responses. Among the latter are microbe-associated molecular patterns perceived by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which trigger immunity. We found that YODA (YDA) - a MAPK kinase kinase regulating several Arabidopsis developmental processes, like stomatal patterning - also modulates immune responses. Resistance to pathogens is compromised in yda alleles, whereas plants expressing the constitutively active YDA (CA-YDA) protein show broad-spectrum resistance to fungi, bacteria, and oomycetes with different colonization modes. YDA functions in the same pathway as ERECTA (ER) Receptor-Like Kinase, regulating both immunity and stomatal patterning. ER-YDA-mediated immune responses act in parallel to canonical disease resistance pathways regulated by phytohormones and PRRs. CA-YDA plants exhibit altered cell-wall integrity and constitutively express defense-associated genes, including some encoding putative small secreted peptides and PRRs whose impairment resulted in enhanced susceptibility phenotypes. CA-YDA plants show strong reprogramming of their phosphoproteome, which contains protein targets distinct from described MAPKs substrates. Our results suggest that, in addition to stomata development, the ER-YDA pathway regulates an immune surveillance system conferring broad-spectrum disease resistance that is distinct from the canonical pathways mediated by described PRRs and defense hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sopeña-Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Jordá
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Sánchez-Rodríguez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Miedes
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Escudero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sanjay Swami
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma López
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ines Lassowskat
- Department of Stress & Developmental Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, D06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Justin Lee
- Department of Stress & Developmental Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, D06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Yangnan Gu
- Department of Biology, Duke University, PO Box 90338, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Sabine Haigis
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Danny Alexander
- Metabolon Inc., 617 Davis Drive, Suite 400, Durham, NC, 27713, USA
| | - Sivakumar Pattathil
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Antonio Muñoz-Barrios
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pawel Bednarek
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 61-704, Poznan, Poland
| | - Shauna Somerville
- Energy Biosciences Institute, University of California, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Paul Schulze-Lefert
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institut für Züchtungsforschung, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, D50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael G Hahn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30605, USA
| | - Dierk Scheel
- Department of Stress & Developmental Biology, Leibniz-Institut für Pflanzenbiochemie, Weinberg 3, D06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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50
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Cuin TA, Dreyer I, Michard E. The Role of Potassium Channels in Arabidopsis thaliana Long Distance Electrical Signalling: AKT2 Modulates Tissue Excitability While GORK Shapes Action Potentials. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E926. [PMID: 29561764 PMCID: PMC5979599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19040926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Fast responses to an external threat depend on the rapid transmission of signals through a plant. Action potentials (APs) are proposed as such signals. Plant APs share similarities with their animal counterparts; they are proposed to depend on the activity of voltage-gated ion channels. Nonetheless, despite their demonstrated role in (a)biotic stress responses, the identities of the associated voltage-gated channels and transporters remain undefined in higher plants. By demonstrating the role of two potassium-selective channels in Arabidopsis thaliana in AP generation and shaping, we show that the plant AP does depend on similar Kv-like transport systems to those of the animal signal. We demonstrate that the outward-rectifying potassium-selective channel GORK limits the AP amplitude and duration, while the weakly-rectifying channel AKT2 affects membrane excitability. By computational modelling of plant APs, we reveal that the GORK activity not only determines the length of an AP but also the steepness of its rise and the maximal amplitude. Thus, outward-rectifying potassium channels contribute to both the repolarisation phase and the initial depolarisation phase of the signal. Additionally, from modelling considerations we provide indications that plant APs might be accompanied by potassium waves, which prime the excitability of the green cable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Ann Cuin
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia.
- SupAgro Montpellier, 2, Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular (CBSM), Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, 3460000 Talca, Chile.
| | - Erwan Michard
- SupAgro Montpellier, 2, Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France.
- Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Biosciences Research Building, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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