1
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Guo L, Yang S, Tu Z, Yu F, Qiu C, Huang G, Fang S. An indole-3-acetic acid inhibitor mitigated mild cadmium stress by suppressing peroxide formation in rice seedling roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108823. [PMID: 38905727 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widely distributed heavy metal pollutant that is detrimental to growth and development of plants. The secretion of indole-3-acetic acid is one of the defense mechanisms when plants inflict heavy metal stress. This study aimed to explore how 4-phenoxyphenylboronic acid, an effective IAA inhibitor, induces changes in IAA level, Cadmium accumulation, and activation of defense responses in rice seedling roots under different Cadmium concentrations. Our research results show that: 1) root growth was promoted with PPBa addition under mild Cadmium treatment. 2) the root IAA level improved with increasing Cadmium concentration, and PPBa had a significant inhibitory effect on IAA level. 3) PPBa had no effect on the Cadmium accumulation in rice seedling roots. 4) PPBa had a significant inhibitory effect on the generation of H2O2 under mild and moderate Cadmium treatment. 5) PPBa exacerbated the imbalance of osmotic substances in rice seedling roots under severe Cadmium treatment. This study helps us understand the tolerance and endogenous regulation of plants to heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Siying Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zihao Tu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Fengyue Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Chaoqian Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Guanjun Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Sheng Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Jiangxi Agricultural University/College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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2
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Krahmer J, Fankhauser C. Environmental Control of Hypocotyl Elongation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:489-519. [PMID: 38012051 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-062923-023852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The hypocotyl is the embryonic stem connecting the primary root to the cotyledons. Hypocotyl length varies tremendously depending on the conditions. This developmental plasticity and the simplicity of the organ explain its success as a model for growth regulation. Light and temperature are prominent growth-controlling cues, using shared signaling elements. Mechanisms controlling hypocotyl elongation in etiolated seedlings reaching the light differ from those in photoautotrophic seedlings. However, many common growth regulators intervene in both situations. Multiple photoreceptors including phytochromes, which also respond to temperature, control the activity of several transcription factors, thereby eliciting rapid transcriptional reprogramming. Hypocotyl growth often depends on sensing in green tissues and interorgan communication comprising auxin. Hypocotyl auxin, in conjunction with other hormones, determines epidermal cell elongation. Plants facing cues with opposite effects on growth control hypocotyl elongation through intricate mechanisms. We discuss the status of the field and end by highlighting open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Krahmer
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Current affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
| | - Christian Fankhauser
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;
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3
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Xie Y, Yu J, Tian F, Li X, Chen X, Li Y, Wu B, Miao Y. MORF9-dependent specific plastid RNA editing inhibits root growth under sugar starvation in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1921-1940. [PMID: 38357785 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Multiple organellar RNA editing factor (MORF) complex was shown to be highly associated with C-to-U RNA editing of vascular plant editosome. However, mechanisms by which MORF9-dependent plastid RNA editing controls plant development and responses to environmental alteration remain obscure. In this study, we found that loss of MORF9 function impaired PSII efficiency, NDH activity, and carbohydrate production, rapidly promoted nuclear gene expression including sucrose transporter and sugar/energy responsive genes, and attenuated root growth under sugar starvation conditions. Sugar repletion increased MORF9 and MORF2 expression in wild-type seedlings and reduced RNA editing of matK-706, accD-794, ndhD-383 and ndhF-290 in the morf9 mutant. RNA editing efficiency of ndhD-383 and ndhF-290 sites was diminished in the gin2/morf9 double mutants, and that of matK-706, accD-794, ndhD-383 and ndhF-290 sites were significantly diminished in the snrk1/morf9 double mutants. In contrast, overexpressing HXK1 or SnRK1 promoted RNA editing rate of matK-706, accD-794, ndhD-383 and ndhF-290 in leaves of morf9 mutants, suggesting that HXK1 partially impacts MORF9 mediated ndhD-383 and ndhF-290 editing, while SnRK1 may only affect MORF9-mediated ndhF-290 site editing. Collectively, these findings suggest that sugar and/or its intermediary metabolites impair MORF9-dependent plastid RNA editing resulting in derangements of plant root development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinfa Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Faan Tian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xue Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinyan Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanyun Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Binghua Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Miao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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4
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Tian Q, He Z, Xiao S, Peng X, Lin P, Zhu X, Feng X. Intra-annual stem radial growth of Qinghai spruce and its environmental drivers in the Qilian Mountains, northwestern China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170093. [PMID: 38224885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Tree stem radial growth could be used to estimate forest productivity, which plays a dominant role in the carbon sink of terrestrial ecosystems. However, it is still obscure how intra-annual stem radial growth is regulated by environmental variables. Here, we monitored Qinghai spruce stem radial growth over seven years and analyzed the environmental drivers of the intra-annual stem radial changes in the Qilian Mountains at low (2700 m) and high altitudes (3200 m). We found that stem radial growth initiated when the daily mean minimum air temperature reached 1.6oC, while the cessation of stem growth was unrelated to temperatures and water conditions. Initiations of stem growth at 2700 m were significantly earlier than that at 3200 m. Maximum growth rates were observed before the summer solstice at low altitude, whereas at high altitude, the majority of them occurred after the summer solstice. Most variability in annual stem increment (AI) can be explained by the rate (Rm) than by the duration of stem growth (∆t), and 78.9 % and 69.6 % of the variability in AI were attributable to Rm for the lower and upper site, respectively. Structural equation modeling revealed that precipitation (P) could both directly positively influence stem radial increment (SRI) and indirectly positively influence SRI through influencing relative humidity (RH), but the positive effect of P on SRI was higher at low altitude than at high altitude. Daily minimum air temperature (Tmin) was also the main direct diver of SRI, and the positive effect of Tmin on SRI was higher at high altitude than at low altitude. Considering the trends in climate warming and humidification over the past decades, climate changes would result in earlier initiation of Qinghai spruce stem growth and promote the growth through positive response to increased precipitation in low altitude and through elevated temperature in high altitude, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanyan Tian
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, China
| | - Zhibin He
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, China.
| | - Shengchun Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, China; Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaomei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, China; Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pengfei Lin
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, China
| | - Xiangyan Feng
- Linze Inland River Basin Research Station, Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Huang Z, Zhai J, Li Z, Yu L. Populus euphratica has stronger regrowth ability than Populus pruinosa under salinity stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14297. [PMID: 38634382 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Pest infestation and soil salinization levels are increasing due to climate change. Comprehending plant regrowth after insect damage and salinity stress is crucial to understanding climate change's multifactorial impacts on forest ecosystems. This study examined Populus euphratica and P. pruinosa regrowth after different defoliation levels combined with salinity stress. Specifically, the biomass and regrowth ability, non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) and nitrogen (N) pools in different organs and the whole plant, and the leaf Cl- concentration of both poplars were analyzed. Our results showed that after 50% defoliation and no salt addition, the regrowth of both species recovered similarly to the control level, while their regrowth was about 70% after 90% defoliation. However, under salinity stress, the regrowth (% leaf biomass) of P. euphratica was significantly higher than P. pruinose at either the 50% or 90% defoliation levels. Additionally, P. euphratica had more soluble sugar, starch, NSC and N pools in leaf, stem, root and whole plant than P. pruinose under salinity stress. The regrowth based on leaf biomass increased linearly with soluble sugar, starch, NSC and N pools, and decreased linearly with leaf Cl- concentration across different salinity and defoliation levels. These results indicated that defoliation significantly decreased NSC and N pools, limiting the growth of both poplars, and salinity stress exacerbated the negative effect. Furthermore, when suffering from salinity stress, P. euphratica with higher NSC and N pools exhibited stronger regrowth ability than P. pruinose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongdi Huang
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juntuan Zhai
- College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Tarim University, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Ecology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Waite JM, Dardick C. IGT/LAZY genes are differentially influenced by light and required for light-induced change to organ angle. BMC Biol 2024; 22:8. [PMID: 38233837 PMCID: PMC10795295 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01813-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants adjust their growth orientations primarily in response to light and gravity signals. Considering that the gravity vector is fixed and the angle of light incidence is constantly changing, plants must somehow integrate these signals to establish organ orientation, commonly referred to as gravitropic set-point angle (GSA). The IGT gene family contains known regulators of GSA, including the gene clades LAZY, DEEPER ROOTING (DRO), and TILLER ANGLE CONTROL (TAC). RESULTS Here, we investigated the influence of light on different aspects of GSA phenotypes in LAZY and DRO mutants, as well as the influence of known light signaling pathways on IGT gene expression. Phenotypic analysis revealed that LAZY and DRO genes are collectively required for changes in the angle of shoot branch tip and root growth in response to light. Single lazy1 mutant branch tips turn upward in the absence of light and in low light, similar to wild-type, and mimic triple and quadruple IGT mutants in constant light and high-light conditions, while triple and quadruple IGT/LAZY mutants show little to no response to changing light regimes. Further, the expression of IGT/LAZY genes is differentially influenced by daylength, circadian clock, and light signaling. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the data show that differential expression of LAZY and DRO genes are required to enable plants to alter organ angles in response to light-mediated signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Marie Waite
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV, USA.
- Present Address: USDA Tree Fruit Research Laboratory, 1104 N Western Avenue, Wenatchee, WA, USA.
| | - Christopher Dardick
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 2217 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV, USA
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Göbel M, Fichtner F. Functions of sucrose and trehalose 6-phosphate in controlling plant development. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 291:154140. [PMID: 38007969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Plants exhibit enormous plasticity in regulating their architecture to be able to adapt to a constantly changing environment and carry out vital functions such as photosynthesis, anchoring, and nutrient uptake. Phytohormones play a role in regulating these responses, but sugar signalling mechanisms are also crucial. Sucrose is not only an important source of carbon and energy fuelling plant growth, but it also functions as a signalling molecule that influences various developmental processes. Trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P), a sucrose-specific signalling metabolite, is emerging as an important regulator in plant metabolism and development. Key players involved in sucrose and Tre6P signalling pathways, including MAX2, SnRK1, bZIP11, and TOR, have been implicated in processes such as flowering, branching, and root growth. We will summarize our current knowledge of how these pathways shape shoot and root architecture and highlight how sucrose and Tre6P signalling are integrated with known signalling networks in shaping plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Göbel
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Germany; Cluster of Excellences on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Franziska Fichtner
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Germany; Cluster of Excellences on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Barbier F, Fichtner F, Beveridge C. The strigolactone pathway plays a crucial role in integrating metabolic and nutritional signals in plants. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1191-1200. [PMID: 37488268 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones are rhizosphere signals and phytohormones that play crucial roles in plant development. They are also well known for their role in integrating nitrate and phosphate signals to regulate shoot and root development. More recently, sugars and citrate (an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle) were reported to inhibit the strigolactone response, with dramatic effects on shoot architecture. This Review summarizes the discoveries recently made concerning the mechanisms through which the strigolactone pathway integrates sugar, metabolite and nutrient signals. We highlight here that strigolactones and MAX2-dependent signalling play crucial roles in mediating the impacts of nutritional and metabolic cues on plant development and metabolism. We also discuss and speculate concerning the role of these interactions in plant evolution and adaptation to their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francois Barbier
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Franziska Fichtner
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christine Beveridge
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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9
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Korobova A, Ivanov R, Timergalina L, Vysotskaya L, Nuzhnaya T, Akhiyarova G, Kusnetsov V, Veselov D, Kudoyarova G. Effect of Low Light Stress on Distribution of Auxin (Indole-3-acetic Acid) between Shoot and Roots and Development of Lateral Roots in Barley Plants. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:787. [PMID: 37372072 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Depending on their habitat conditions, plants can greatly change the growth rate of their roots. However, the mechanisms of such responses remain insufficiently clear. The influence of a low level of illumination on the content of endogenous auxins, their localization in leaves and transport from shoots to roots were studied and related to the lateral root branching of barley plants. Following two days' reduction in illumination, a 10-fold reduction in the emergence of lateral roots was found. Auxin (IAA, indole-3-acetic acid) content decreased by 84% in roots and by 30% in shoots, and immunolocalization revealed lowered IAA levels in phloem cells of leaf sections. The reduced content of IAA found in the plants under low light suggests an inhibition of production of this hormone under these conditions. At the same time, two-fold downregulation of the LAX3 gene expression, facilitating IAA influx into the cells, was detected in the roots, as well as a decline in auxin diffusion from shoots through the phloem by about 60%. It was suggested that the reduced emergence of lateral roots in barley under a low level of illumination was due to a disturbance of auxin transport through the phloem and down-regulation of the genes responsible for auxin transport in plant roots. The results confirm the importance of the long distance transport of auxins for the control of the growth of roots under conditions of low light. Further study of the mechanisms that control the transport of auxins from shoots to roots in other plant species is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Korobova
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre RAS, 69 Pr. Octyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Ruslan Ivanov
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre RAS, 69 Pr. Octyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Leila Timergalina
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre RAS, 69 Pr. Octyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Lidiya Vysotskaya
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre RAS, 69 Pr. Octyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Tatiana Nuzhnaya
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre RAS, 69 Pr. Octyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Guzel Akhiyarova
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre RAS, 69 Pr. Octyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Victor Kusnetsov
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, 35 Botanicheskaya St., 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Veselov
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre RAS, 69 Pr. Octyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Guzel Kudoyarova
- Ufa Institute of Biology, Ufa Federal Research Centre RAS, 69 Pr. Octyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia
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Kircher S, Schopfer P. Photosynthetic sucrose drives the lateral root clock in Arabidopsis seedlings. Curr Biol 2023:S0960-9822(23)00543-2. [PMID: 37207646 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of plant roots is subject to control by light. Here, we show that, similar to monotonous root elongation, the periodic induction of lateral roots (LRs) depends on the activation by light of photomorphogenic and photosynthetic photoreceptors in the shoot in a hierarchical order. The prevailing belief is that the plant hormone auxin serves as a mobile signal transmitter, responsible for interorgan communication, including light-controlled shoot-to-root connections. Alternatively, it has been proposed that the transcription factor HY5 assumes the role as a mobile shoot-to-root signal transmitter. Here, we provide evidence that photosynthetic sucrose produced in the shoot acts as the long-distance signal carrier regulating the local, tryptophan-based biosynthesis of auxin in the LR generation zone of the primary root tip, where the LR clock controls the pace of LR initiation in an auxin-tunable manner. Synchronization of LR formation with primary root elongation allows the adjustment of overall root growth to the photosynthetic performance of the shoot and the maintenance of a constant LR density during light-dark changes in a variable light environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kircher
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Schopfer
- Department of Molecular Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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11
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Casal JJ, Fankhauser C. Shade avoidance in the context of climate change. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1475-1491. [PMID: 36617439 PMCID: PMC10022646 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
When exposed to changes in the light environment caused by neighboring vegetation, shade-avoiding plants modify their growth and/or developmental patterns to access more sunlight. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), neighbor cues reduce the activity of the photosensory receptors phytochrome B (phyB) and cryptochrome 1, releasing photoreceptor repression imposed on PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) and leading to transcriptional reprogramming. The phyB-PIF hub is at the core of all shade-avoidance responses, whilst other photosensory receptors and transcription factors contribute in a context-specific manner. CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 is a master regulator of this hub, indirectly stabilizing PIFs and targeting negative regulators of shade avoidance for degradation. Warm temperatures reduce the activity of phyB, which operates as a temperature sensor and further increases the activities of PIF4 and PIF7 by independent temperature sensing mechanisms. The signaling network controlling shade avoidance is not buffered against climate change; rather, it integrates information about shade, temperature, salinity, drought, and likely flooding. We, therefore, predict that climate change will exacerbate shade-induced growth responses in some regions of the planet while limiting the growth potential in others.
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12
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Stafen CF, Kleine-Vehn J, Maraschin FDS. Signaling events for photomorphogenic root development. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:1266-1282. [PMID: 36057533 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A germinating seedling incorporates environmental signals such as light into developmental outputs. Light is not only a source of energy, but also a central coordinative signal in plants. Traditionally, most research focuses on aboveground organs' response to light; therefore, our understanding of photomorphogenesis in roots is relatively scarce. However, root development underground is highly responsive to light signals from the shoot and understanding these signaling mechanisms will give a better insight into early seedling development. Here, we review the central light signaling hubs and their role in root growth promotion of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia Fernanda Stafen
- PPGBM - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Institute of Biology II, Chair of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felipe Dos Santos Maraschin
- PPGBM - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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13
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Nagpal P, Reeves PH, Wong JH, Armengot L, Chae K, Rieveschl NB, Trinidad B, Davidsdottir V, Jain P, Gray WM, Jaillais Y, Reed JW. SAUR63 stimulates cell growth at the plasma membrane. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010375. [PMID: 36121899 PMCID: PMC9522268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, regulated cell expansion determines organ size and shape. Several members of the family of redundantly acting Small Auxin Up RNA (SAUR) proteins can stimulate plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase proton pumping activity by inhibiting PM-associated PP2C.D phosphatases, thereby increasing the PM electrochemical potential, acidifying the apoplast, and stimulating cell expansion. Similarly, Arabidopsis thaliana SAUR63 was able to increase growth of various organs, antagonize PP2C.D5 phosphatase, and increase H+-ATPase activity. Using a gain-of-function approach to bypass genetic redundancy, we dissected structural requirements for SAUR63 growth-promoting activity. The divergent N-terminal domain of SAUR63 has a predicted basic amphipathic α-helix and was able to drive partial PM association. Deletion of the N-terminal domain decreased PM association of a SAUR63 fusion protein, as well as decreasing protein level and eliminating growth-promoting activity. Conversely, forced PM association restored ability to promote H+-ATPase activity and cell expansion, indicating that SAUR63 is active when PM-associated. Lipid binding assays and perturbations of PM lipid composition indicate that the N-terminal domain can interact with PM anionic lipids. Mutations in the conserved SAUR domain also reduced PM association in root cells. Thus, both the N-terminal domain and the SAUR domain may cooperatively mediate the SAUR63 PM association required to promote growth. Plant organs reach their final shape and size after substantial cell expansion. Proton pumps at the plasma membrane promote cell expansion by acidifying the cell wall to loosen it, and by increasing electrochemical potential across the plasma membrane for solute uptake that maintains intracellular turgor. Plasma-membrane-associated proteins tightly regulate proton pump activity, in order for organs to grow to an appropriate extent. We have studied requirements for activity of one such regulatory protein in the model plant Arabidopsis called SAUR63. This protein is made rapidly in response to plant growth hormones, and it increases proton pump activity to promote organ growth. These activities depend on its binding to anionic lipids in the plasma membrane, and forced plasma membrane association of SAUR63 can increase growth. Many proteins in the same family are found within Arabidopsis and in all land plants, and likely differ in their affinity for the plasma membrane or in other properties. Further studies of other family members may show how such proteins regulate growth under diverse physiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Punita Nagpal
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Paul H. Reeves
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jeh Haur Wong
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Laia Armengot
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Keun Chae
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel B. Rieveschl
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brendan Trinidad
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Vala Davidsdottir
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Prateek Jain
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - William M. Gray
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Jason W. Reed
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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14
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Portet T, Cohen ZR, Goetz GJ, Panek N, Holmes PN, Stephens SA, Varga T, Keller SL. Ripples at Edges of Blooming Lilies and Torn Plastic Sheets. Biophys J 2022; 121:2389-2397. [PMID: 35598046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ripples arise at edges of petals of blooming Lilium casablanca flowers and at edges of torn plastic sheets. In both systems, ripples are a consequence of excess length along the edge of a sheet. Through the use of time-lapse videos of blooming lilies and published images of torn plastic sheets, we find that ripples in both systems are well-described by the scaling relationship a∝w(L-w), where a is amplitude, w is wavelength, and L is arc length. A phenomenological relationship previously reported for self-similar ripple patterns, namely 〈a〉∝〈w〉, can be recovered by assuming that buckling stress is constant. Excess length along petal edges can also influence their overall Gaussian curvature, such that petals invert from a cup shape to a saddle shape upon blooming. Previous simulations of these shape changes have assumed that petal thickness decreases at least quadratically. Here, we evaluate tomograms of several varieties of lily buds and find that this assumption is valid along the short axis of the buds, but not the long axis. A challenge of employing traditional tomography methods to measure petal thickness is that the sample is destroyed; a single bud cannot be followed through the entire blooming process. To address this challenge, we provide proof of principle that the non-destructive, label-free method of X-ray tomography produces high-contrast 3-dimensional scans on time scales short enough to follow lily blooming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Portet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington - Seattle, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Zachary R Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington - Seattle, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Gunnar J Goetz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington - Seattle, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nicole Panek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington - Seattle, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Peter N Holmes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington - Seattle, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sean A Stephens
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory - EMSL, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Tamas Varga
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory - EMSL, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Sarah L Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington - Seattle, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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15
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Banerjee A, Roychoudhury A. Dissecting the phytohormonal, genomic and proteomic regulation of micronutrient deficiency during abiotic stresses in plants. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-022-01099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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16
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Sharma M, Sharma M, Jamsheer K M, Laxmi A. Jasmonic acid coordinates with light, glucose and auxin signalling in regulating branching angle of Arabidopsis lateral roots. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1554-1572. [PMID: 35147228 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of jasmonates (JAs) in primary root growth and development and in plant response to external stimuli is already known. However, its role in lateral root (LR) development remains to be explored. Our work identified methyl jasmonate (MeJA) as a key phytohormone in determining the branching angle of Arabidopsis LRs. MeJA inclines the LRs to a more vertical orientation, which was dependent on the canonical JAR1-COI1-MYC2,3,4 signalling. Our work also highlights the dual roles of light in governing LR angle. Light signalling enhances JA biosynthesis, leading to erect root architecture; whereas, glucose (Glc) induces wider branching angles. Combining physiological and molecular assays, we revealed that Glc antagonises the MeJA response via TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) signalling. Moreover, physiological assays using auxin mutants, MYC2-mediated transcriptional activation of LAZY2, LAZY4 and auxin biosynthetic gene CYP79B2, and asymmetric distribution of DR5::GFP and PIN2::GFP pinpointed the role of an intact auxin machinery required by MeJA for vertical growth of LRs. We also demonstrated that light perception and signalling are indispensable for inducing vertical angles by MeJA. Thus, our investigation highlights antagonism between light and Glc signalling and how they interact with JA-auxin signals to optimise the branching angle of LRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvi Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohan Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ashverya Laxmi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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17
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Lugassi N, Stein O, Egbaria A, Belausov E, Zemach H, Arad T, Granot D, Carmi N. Sucrose Synthase and Fructokinase Are Required for Proper Meristematic and Vascular Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1035. [PMID: 35448763 PMCID: PMC9025968 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sucrose synthase (SuSy) and fructokinase (FRK) work together to control carbohydrate flux in sink tissues. SuSy cleaves sucrose into fructose and UDP-glucose; whereas FRK phosphorylates fructose. Previous results have shown that suppression of the SUS1,3&4 genes by SUS-RNAi alters auxin transport in the shoot apical meristems of tomato plants and affects cotyledons and leaf structure; whereas antisense suppression of FRK2 affects vascular development. To explore the joint developmental roles of SuSy and FRK, we crossed SUS-RNAi plants with FRK2-antisense plants to create double-mutant plants. The double-mutant plants exhibited novel phenotypes that were absent from the parent lines. About a third of the plants showed arrested shoot apical meristem around the transition to flowering and developed ectopic meristems. Use of the auxin reporter DR5::VENUS revealed a significantly reduced auxin response in the shoot apical meristems of the double-mutant, indicating that auxin levels were low. Altered inflorescence phyllotaxis and significant disorientation of vascular tissues were also observed. In addition, the fruits and the seeds of the double-mutant plants were very small and the seeds had very low germination rates. These results show that SUS1,3&4 and FRK2 enzymes are jointly essential for proper meristematic and vascular development, and for fruit and seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitsan Lugassi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (N.L.); (O.S.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (H.Z.); (T.A.); (D.G.)
| | - Ofer Stein
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (N.L.); (O.S.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (H.Z.); (T.A.); (D.G.)
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Aiman Egbaria
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (N.L.); (O.S.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (H.Z.); (T.A.); (D.G.)
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (N.L.); (O.S.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (H.Z.); (T.A.); (D.G.)
| | - Hanita Zemach
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (N.L.); (O.S.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (H.Z.); (T.A.); (D.G.)
| | - Tal Arad
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (N.L.); (O.S.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (H.Z.); (T.A.); (D.G.)
| | - David Granot
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (N.L.); (O.S.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (H.Z.); (T.A.); (D.G.)
| | - Nir Carmi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel; (N.L.); (O.S.); (A.E.); (E.B.); (H.Z.); (T.A.); (D.G.)
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18
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Liu BR, Zheng HR, Jiang XJ, Zhang PZ, Wei GZ. Serratene triterpenoids from Lycopodium cernuum L. as α-glucosidase inhibitors: Identification, structure-activity relationship and molecular docking studies. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 185:112702. [PMID: 34953266 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of Lycopodium cernuum L. afforded seven undescribed serratene triterpenoids named 3β, 21β-dihydroxyserra-14-en-24-oic acid-3β-(5'-hydroxybenzoate) (1), 3β, 21β, 24-trihydroxyserrat-14-en-3β-(5'-hydroxyl benzoate) (2), 3β, 14α, 15α, 21β-tetrahydroxyserratane-24-methyl ester (3), 3β, 14α, 21β-trihydroxyserratane-15α-(4'-methoxy-5'-hydroxybenzoate)-24-methyl ester (4), 3β, 14α, 21β-trihydroxyserratane-15α-(4'-methoxy-5'-hydroxybenzoate) (5), 3β-hydroxy-21β-acetate-16-oxoserrat-14-en-24-oic acid (6), 3β, 21β-dihydroxy-16α, 29-epoxyserrat-14-en-24-methyl ester (7), together with eleven known compounds (8-18), whose chemical structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis of HRESIMS, 1D NMR, 2D NMR and comparison between the literature. All compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity for the first time. The results showed that compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 13, 15, and 16 were among the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitors, with IC50 values ranging from 23.22 ± 0.64 to 50.65 ± 0.82 μM. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies indicated that the combined properties of the 5-hydroxybenzoate moiety at C-3, β-OH at C-21, COOH- at C-24, and Δ14,15 groups enabled an increase in the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect. In addition, molecular docking studies showed that the potential inhibitors mainly interact with key amino acid residues in the active site of α-glucosidase through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Rui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua, 061100, PR China; College of Public Heath, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063503, PR China
| | - Hai-Rong Zheng
- Reference Substance Branch, National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650201, PR China; BioBioPha Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Xian-Jun Jiang
- Reference Substance Branch, National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650201, PR China; BioBioPha Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650201, PR China
| | - Pu-Zhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM. Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, PR China.
| | - Guo-Zhu Wei
- Reference Substance Branch, National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650201, PR China; BioBioPha Co., Ltd., Kunming, 650201, PR China.
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19
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Yin M, Li X, Liu Q, Tang F. Rice husk ash addition to acid red soil improves the soil property and cotton seedling growth. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1704. [PMID: 35105892 PMCID: PMC8807654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05199-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Red soil is characterized by poor physico-chemical properties and low nutrient availability. The present study aimed to examine rich husk ash (RHA) incorporation into red soil at various rates effects on its properties and the growth of cotton seedlings under a plug-seeding in tray experiment. Bulk density was decreased, and water holding capacity and total porosity were increased in red soil with increasing application rate of RHA. The addition of RHA counteracts the acidity of red soil and improves the nutrient availability to plants. The RHA incorporated soils favored the growth of cotton seedlings with improved shoot morphological traits and root architectures. The application rate at a volume ratio of 1:1 of RHA to red soil was found to be optimal for growing cotton seedlings in the present study. The mixture of RHA and red soil at a 1:1 volume ratio plus 2 g L−1 super absorbent polymers exhibited a high nursing seedling efficiency comparable to a commercial growing media under the condition of foliar application of mepiquat chloride at the one-true-leaf stage. RHA can be a promising substitute for peat as growing media for nursing cotton seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, College of Agronomy, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, College of Agronomy, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, College of Agronomy, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Feiyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, College of Agronomy, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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20
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Rashid A, Ruan H, Wang Y. The Gene FvTST1 From Strawberry Modulates Endogenous Sugars Enhancing Plant Growth and Fruit Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:774582. [PMID: 35087549 PMCID: PMC8786802 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.774582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sugar is an important carbon source and contributes significantly to the improvement of plant growth and fruit flavor quality. Sugar transport through the tonoplast is important for intracellular homeostasis and metabolic balance in plant cells. There are four tonoplast sugar transporters (FvTST1-4) in strawberry genome. The qRT-PCR results indicated that FvTST1 has a differential expression pattern in different tissues and developmental stages, and exhibited highest expression level in mature fruits. The yeast complementation assay showed that FvTST1 can mediate the uptake of different sugars, such as fructose, glucose, sucrose, and mannose. Subcellular localization analyses revealed that FvTST1 was mainly targeted to the tonoplast. Transient expression of FvTST1 in strawberry fruits enhanced both fruit ripening and sugar accumulation. Furthermore, FvTST1-transformed tomato plants exhibited higher sucrose and auxin content, enhanced seed germination and vegetative growth, higher photosynthetic rate, early flowering, and bore fruit; fructose and glucose levels were higher in transgenic fruits than those in the control. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that the auxin signaling pathway was highly enriched pathway in up-regulated Gene-ontology terms. In transgenic plants, genes encoding transcription factors, such as phytochrome-interacting factors PIF1, -3, and -4, as well as their potential target genes, were also induced. Collectively, the results show that FvTST1 enhances plant growth and fruit ripening by modulating endogenous sugars, and highlight the biological significance of this gene for future breeding purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Rashid
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haixiang Ruan
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yunsheng Wang
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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21
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Mishra BS, Sharma M, Laxmi A. Role of sugar and auxin crosstalk in plant growth and development. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13546. [PMID: 34480799 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Under the natural environment, nutrient signals interact with phytohormones to coordinate and reprogram plant growth and survival. Sugars are important molecules that control almost all morphological and physiological processes in plants, ranging from seed germination to senescence. In addition to their functions as energy resources, osmoregulation, storage molecules, and structural components, sugars function as signaling molecules and interact with various plant signaling pathways, such as hormones, stress, and light to modulate growth and development according to fluctuating environmental conditions. Auxin, being an important phytohormone, is associated with almost all stages of the plant's life cycle and also plays a vital role in response to the dynamic environment for better growth and survival. In the previous years, substantial progress has been made that showed a range of common responses mediated by sugars and auxin signaling. This review discusses how sugar signaling affects auxin at various levels from its biosynthesis to perception and downstream gene activation. On the same note, the review also highlights the role of auxin signaling in fine-tuning sugar metabolism and carbon partitioning. Furthermore, we discussed the crosstalk between the two signaling machineries in the regulation of various biological processes, such as gene expression, cell cycle, development, root system architecture, and shoot growth. In conclusion, the review emphasized the role of sugar and auxin crosstalk in the regulation of several agriculturally important traits. Thus, engineering of sugar and auxin signaling pathways could potentially provide new avenues to manipulate for agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwaneshwar Sharan Mishra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
- Bhuwaneshwar Sharan Mishra, Ram Gulam Rai P. G. College Banktashiv, Affiliated to Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University Gorakhpur, Deoria, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohan Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashverya Laxmi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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22
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Goetz M, Rabinovich M, Smith HM. The role of auxin and sugar signaling in dominance inhibition of inflorescence growth by fruit load. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 187:1189-1201. [PMID: 34734274 PMCID: PMC8566266 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Dominance inhibition of shoot growth by fruit load is a major factor that regulates shoot architecture and limits yield in agriculture and horticulture crops. In annual plants, the inhibition of inflorescence growth by fruit load occurs at a late stage of inflorescence development termed the end of flowering transition. Physiological studies show this transition is mediated by production and export of auxin from developing fruits in close proximity to the inflorescence apex. In the meristem, cessation of inflorescence growth is controlled in part by the age-dependent pathway, which regulates the timing of arrest. Here, we show the end of flowering transition is a two-step process in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The first stage is characterized by a cessation of inflorescence growth, while immature fruit continues to develop. At this stage, dominance inhibition of inflorescence growth by fruit load is associated with a selective dampening of auxin transport in the apical region of the stem. Subsequently, an increase in auxin response in the vascular tissues of the apical stem where developing fruits are attached marks the second stage for the end of flowering transition. Similar to the vegetative and floral transition, the end of flowering transition is associated with a change in sugar signaling and metabolism in the inflorescence apex. Taken together, our results suggest that during the end of flowering transition, dominance inhibition of inflorescence shoot growth by fruit load is mediated by auxin and sugar signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Goetz
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Maia Rabinovich
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Harley M Smith
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Locked Bag 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
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23
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Decapitation Experiments Combined with the Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Mechanism of High Temperature on Chrysanthemum Axillary Bud Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189704. [PMID: 34575868 PMCID: PMC8469267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature is an important factor that largely affects the patterns of shoot branching in plants. However, the effect and mechanism of temperature on axillary bud development in chrysanthemum remains poorly defined. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of high temperature on the axillary bud growth and the mechanism of axillary bud formation in chrysanthemum. Decapitation experiments combined with the transcriptome analysis were designed. Results showed that the axillary bud length was significantly inhibited by high temperature. Decapitation of primary shoot (primary decapitation) resulted in slower growth of axillary buds (secondary buds) under 35 °C. However, secondary decapitation resulted in complete arrest of tertiary buds at high temperature. These results demonstrated that high temperature not only inhibited axillary bud formation but also retarded bud outgrowth in chrysanthemum. Comparative transcriptome suggested differentially expressed gene sets and identified important modules associated with bud formation. This research helped to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of high temperature on axillary bud growth, especially bud formation in chrysanthemum. Meanwhile, in-depth studies of this imperative temperature signaling can offer the likelihood of vital future applications in chrysanthemum breeding and branching control.
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24
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Integrating the Roles for Cytokinin and Auxin in De Novo Shoot Organogenesis: From Hormone Uptake to Signaling Outputs. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168554. [PMID: 34445260 PMCID: PMC8395325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
De novo shoot organogenesis (DNSO) is a procedure commonly used for the in vitro regeneration of shoots from a variety of plant tissues. Shoot regeneration occurs on nutrient media supplemented with the plant hormones cytokinin (CK) and auxin, which play essential roles in this process, and genes involved in their signaling cascades act as master regulators of the different phases of shoot regeneration. In the last 20 years, the genetic regulation of DNSO has been characterized in detail. However, as of today, the CK and auxin signaling events associated with shoot regeneration are often interpreted as a consequence of these hormones simply being present in the regeneration media, whereas the roles for their prior uptake and transport into the cultivated plant tissues are generally overlooked. Additionally, sucrose, commonly added to the regeneration media as a carbon source, plays a signaling role and has been recently shown to interact with CK and auxin and to affect the efficiency of shoot regeneration. In this review, we provide an integrative interpretation of the roles for CK and auxin in the process of DNSO, adding emphasis on their uptake from the regeneration media and their interaction with sucrose present in the media to their complex signaling outputs that mediate shoot regeneration.
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Kelly G, Brandsma D, Egbaria A, Stein O, Doron-Faigenboim A, Lugassi N, Belausov E, Zemach H, Shaya F, Carmi N, Sade N, Granot D. Guard cells control hypocotyl elongation through HXK1, HY5, and PIF4. Commun Biol 2021; 4:765. [PMID: 34155329 PMCID: PMC8217561 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypocotyls of germinating seedlings elongate in a search for light to enable autotrophic sugar production. Upon exposure to light, photoreceptors that are activated by blue and red light halt elongation by preventing the degradation of the hypocotyl-elongation inhibitor HY5 and by inhibiting the activity of the elongation-promoting transcription factors PIFs. The question of how sugar affects hypocotyl elongation and which cell types stimulate and stop that elongation remains unresolved. We found that overexpression of a sugar sensor, Arabidopsis hexokinase 1 (HXK1), in guard cells promotes hypocotyl elongation under white and blue light through PIF4. Furthermore, expression of PIF4 in guard cells is sufficient to promote hypocotyl elongation in the light, while expression of HY5 in guard cells is sufficient to inhibit the elongation of the hy5 mutant and the elongation stimulated by HXK1. HY5 exits the guard cells and inhibits hypocotyl elongation, but is degraded in the dark. We also show that the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation by guard cells' HY5 involves auto-activation of HY5 expression in other tissues. It appears that guard cells are capable of coordinating hypocotyl elongation and that sugar and HXK1 have the opposite effect of light on hypocotyl elongation, converging at PIF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilor Kelly
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Danja Brandsma
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Aiman Egbaria
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofer Stein
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Nitsan Lugassi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Eduard Belausov
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Hanita Zemach
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Felix Shaya
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Nir Carmi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Nir Sade
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Granot
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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Jinqiu Y, Bing L, Tingting S, Jinglei H, Zelai K, Lu L, Wenhua H, Tao H, Xinyu H, Zengqing L, Guowen C, Yajun C. Integrated Physiological and Transcriptomic Analyses Responses to Altitude Stress in Oat ( Avena sativa L.). Front Genet 2021; 12:638683. [PMID: 34220929 PMCID: PMC8248544 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.638683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oat is an annual gramineous forage grass with the remarkable ability to survive under various stressful environments. However, understanding the effects of high altitude stresses on oats is poor. Therefore, the physiological and the transcriptomic changes were analyzed at two sites with different altitudes, low (ca. 2,080 m) or high (ca. 2,918 m), respectively. Higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activity, reactive oxygen and major reductions in photosynthesis-related markers were suggested for oats at high altitudes. Furthermore, oat yields were severely suppressed at the high altitude. RNA-seq results showed that 11,639 differentially expressed genes were detected at both the low and the high altitudes in which 5,203 up-regulated and 6,436 down-regulated. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment tests were conducted and a group of major high altitude-responsive pigment metabolism genes, photosynthesis, hormone signaling, and cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis were excavated. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain response, we also confirmed expression levels of 20 DEGs (qRT-PCR). In summary, our study generated genome-wide transcript profile and may be useful for understanding the molecular mechanisms of Avena sativa L. in response to high altitude stress. These new findings contribute to our deeper relevant researches on high altitude stresses and further exploring new candidategenes for adapting plateau environment oat molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jinqiu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Bing
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Song Tingting
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - He Jinglei
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - KongLing Zelai
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Lian Lu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - He Wenhua
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hai Tao
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Huang Xinyu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China
| | - Liu Zengqing
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Cui Guowen
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chen Yajun
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Kotov AA, Kotova LM, Romanov GA. Signaling network regulating plant branching: Recent advances and new challenges. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 307:110880. [PMID: 33902848 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Auxin alone or supplemented with cytokinins and strigolactones were long considered as the main player(s) in the control of apical dominance (AD) and correlative inhibition of the lateral bud outgrowth, the processes that shape the plant phenotype. However, past decade data indicate a more sophisticated pathways of AD regulation, with the involvement of mobile carbohydrates which perform both signal and trophic functions. Here we provide a critical comprehensive overview of the current status of the AD problem. This includes insight into intimate mechanisms regulating directed auxin transport in axillary buds with participation of phytohormones and sugars. Also roles of auxin, cytokinin and sugars in the dormancy or sustained growth of the lateral meristems were assigned. This review not only provides the latest data on implicated phytohormone crosstalk and its relationship with the signaling of sugars and abscisic acid, new AD players, but also focuses on the emerging biochemical mechanisms, at first positive feedback loops involving both sugars and hormones, that ensure the sustained bud growth. Data show that sugars act in concert with cytokinins but antagonistically to strigolactone signaling. A complex bud growth regulating network is demonstrated and unresolved issues regarding the hormone-carbohydrate regulation of AD are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Kotov
- Timirjazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Liudmila M Kotova
- Timirjazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy A Romanov
- Timirjazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia.
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28
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Krahmer J, Abbas A, Mengin V, Ishihara H, Romanowski A, Furniss JJ, Moraes TA, Krohn N, Annunziata MG, Feil R, Alseekh S, Obata T, Fernie AR, Stitt M, Halliday KJ. Phytochromes control metabolic flux, and their action at the seedling stage determines adult plant biomass. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3263-3278. [PMID: 33544130 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytochrome photoreceptors are known to regulate plastic growth responses to vegetation shade. However, recent reports also suggest an important role for phytochromes in carbon resource management, metabolism, and growth. Here, we use 13CO2 labelling patterns in multiallele phy mutants to investigate the role of phytochrome in the control of metabolic fluxes. We also combine quantitative data of 13C incorporation into protein and cell wall polymers, gas exchange measurements, and system modelling to investigate why biomass is decreased in adult multiallele phy mutants. Phytochrome influences the synthesis of stress metabolites such as raffinose and proline, and the accumulation of sugars, possibly through regulating vacuolar sugar transport. Remarkably, despite their modified metabolism and vastly altered architecture, growth rates in adult phy mutants resemble those of wild-type plants. Our results point to delayed seedling growth and smaller cotyledon size as the cause of the adult-stage phy mutant biomass defect. Our data signify a role for phytochrome in metabolic stress physiology and carbon partitioning, and illustrate that phytochrome action at the seedling stage sets the trajectory for adult biomass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Krahmer
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Daniel Rutherford Building, Max Born Crescent, Kings Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ammad Abbas
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Daniel Rutherford Building, Max Born Crescent, Kings Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Virginie Mengin
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | - Hirofumi Ishihara
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | - Andrés Romanowski
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Daniel Rutherford Building, Max Born Crescent, Kings Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James J Furniss
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Daniel Rutherford Building, Max Born Crescent, Kings Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Nicole Krohn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | | | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam Golm, Germany
- Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | - Mark Stitt
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam Golm, Germany
| | - Karen J Halliday
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Daniel Rutherford Building, Max Born Crescent, Kings Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Fichtner F, Dissanayake IM, Lacombe B, Barbier F. Sugar and Nitrate Sensing: A Multi-Billion-Year Story. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:352-374. [PMID: 33281060 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Sugars and nitrate play a major role in providing carbon and nitrogen in plants. Understanding how plants sense these nutrients is crucial, most notably for crop improvement. The mechanisms underlying sugar and nitrate sensing are complex and involve moonlighting proteins such as the nitrate transporter NRT1.1/NFP6.3 or the glycolytic enzyme HXK1. Major components of nutrient signaling, such as SnRK1, TOR, and HXK1, are relatively well conserved across eukaryotes, and the diversification of components such as the NRT1 family and the SWEET sugar transporters correlates with plant terrestrialization. In plants, Tre6P plays a hormone-like role in plant development. In addition, nutrient signaling has evolved to interact with the more recent hormone signaling, allowing fine-tuning of physiological and developmental responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Fichtner
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Benoit Lacombe
- Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation, et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Montpellier SupAgro, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Francois Barbier
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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30
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Martinez CC, Li S, Woodhouse MR, Sugimoto K, Sinha NR. Spatial transcriptional signatures define margin morphogenesis along the proximal-distal and medio-lateral axes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:44-65. [PMID: 33710280 PMCID: PMC8136875 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Leaf morphogenesis involves cell division, expansion, and differentiation in the developing leaf, which take place at different rates and at different positions along the medio-lateral and proximal-distal leaf axes. The gene expression changes that control cell fate along these axes remain elusive due to difficulties in precisely isolating tissues. Here, we combined rigorous early leaf characterization, laser capture microdissection, and transcriptomic sequencing to ask how gene expression patterns regulate early leaf morphogenesis in wild-type tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and the leaf morphogenesis mutant trifoliate. We observed transcriptional regulation of cell differentiation along the proximal-distal axis and identified molecular signatures delineating the classically defined marginal meristem/blastozone region during early leaf development. We describe the role of endoreduplication during leaf development, when and where leaf cells first achieve photosynthetic competency, and the regulation of auxin transport and signaling along the leaf axes. Knockout mutants of BLADE-ON-PETIOLE2 exhibited ectopic shoot apical meristem formation on leaves, highlighting the role of this gene in regulating margin tissue identity. We mapped gene expression signatures in specific leaf domains and evaluated the role of each domain in conferring indeterminacy and permitting blade outgrowth. Finally, we generated a global gene expression atlas of the early developing compound leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciera C Martinez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94709
- Berkeley Institute for Data Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94709
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Siyu Li
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | | | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 15 230-0045 Japan
| | - Neelima R Sinha
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616
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31
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Wang Z, Li ZF, Wang SS, Xiao YS, Xie XD, Wu MZ, Yu JL, Cheng LR, Yang AG, Yang J. NtMYB12a acts downstream of sucrose to inhibit fatty acid accumulation by targeting lipoxygenase and SFAR genes in tobacco. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:775-791. [PMID: 33225450 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
MYB12 promotes flavonol biosynthesis in plants by targeting several early biosynthesis genes (EBGs) of this pathway. The transcriptions of these EBGs are also induced by sucrose signal. However, whether MYB12 is activated by sucrose signal and what the other roles MYB12 has in regulating plant metabolism are poorly understood. In this study, two NtMYB12 genes were cloned from Nicotiana tabacum. Both NtMYB12a and NtMYB12b are involved in regulating flavonoids biosynthesis in tobacco. NtMYB12a is further shown to inhibit the accumulation of fatty acid (FA) in tobacco leaves and seeds. Post-translational activation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate that NtMYB12a directly promotes the transcriptions of NtLOX6, NtLOX5, NtSFAR4 and NtGDSL2, which encode lipoxygenase (LOX) or SFAR enzymes catalyzing the degradation of FA. NtLOX6 and NtLOX5 are shown to prevent the accumulation of FA in the mature seeds and significantly reduced the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in tobacco. Sucrose stimulates the transcription of NtMYB12a, and loss function of NtMYB12a partially suppresses the decrease of FA content in tobacco seedlings caused by sucrose treatment. The regulation of sucrose on the expression of NtLOX6 and NtGDSL2 genes is mediated by NtMYB12a, whereas those of NtLOX5 and NtSFAR4 genes are independent of sucrose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ze Feng Li
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shan Shan Wang
- Xiangyang Cigarette Factory, China Tobacco Hubei Industrial Co., Ltd., Xiangyang, China
| | - Yan Song Xiao
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Chenzhou, China
| | - Xiao Dong Xie
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming Zhu Wu
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin Long Yu
- Chenzhou Tobacco Company of Hunan Province, Chenzhou, China
| | - Li Rui Cheng
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Ai Guo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Yang
- China Tobacco Gene Research Center, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, China
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32
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Meitzel T, Radchuk R, McAdam EL, Thormählen I, Feil R, Munz E, Hilo A, Geigenberger P, Ross JJ, Lunn JE, Borisjuk L. Trehalose 6-phosphate promotes seed filling by activating auxin biosynthesis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1553-1565. [PMID: 32984971 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants undergo several developmental transitions during their life cycle. One of these, the differentiation of the young embryo from a meristem-like structure into a highly specialized storage organ, is believed to be controlled by local connections between sugars and hormonal response systems. However, we know little about the regulatory networks underpinning the sugar-hormone interactions in developing seeds. By modulating the trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) content in growing embryos of garden pea (Pisum sativum), we investigate here the role of this signaling sugar during the seed-filling process. Seeds deficient in T6P are compromised in size and starch production, resembling the wrinkled seeds studied by Gregor Mendel. We show also that T6P exerts these effects by stimulating the biosynthesis of the pivotal plant hormone, auxin. We found that T6P promotes the expression of the auxin biosynthesis gene TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE RELATED2 (TAR2), and the resulting effect on auxin concentrations is required to mediate the T6P-induced activation of storage processes. Our results suggest that auxin acts downstream of T6P to facilitate seed filling, thereby providing a salient example of how a metabolic signal governs the hormonal control of an integral phase transition in a crop plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Meitzel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstr. 3, Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, 06466, Germany
| | - Ruslana Radchuk
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstr. 3, Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, 06466, Germany
- DeepTrait S.A., Dobrzańskiego 3, Lublin, 20-262, Poland
| | - Erin L McAdam
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, 7001, Australia
| | - Ina Thormählen
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Eberhard Munz
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstr. 3, Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, 06466, Germany
| | - Alexander Hilo
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstr. 3, Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, 06466, Germany
| | - Peter Geigenberger
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - John J Ross
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, 7001, Australia
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Ljudmilla Borisjuk
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstr. 3, Stadt Seeland OT Gatersleben, 06466, Germany
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33
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Liang Y, Jiang C, Liu Y, Gao Y, Lu J, Aiwaili P, Fei Z, Jiang CZ, Hong B, Ma C, Gao J. Auxin Regulates Sucrose Transport to Repress Petal Abscission in Rose ( Rosa hybrida). THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3485-3499. [PMID: 32843436 PMCID: PMC7610287 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Developmental transitions in plants require adequate carbon resources, and organ abscission often occurs due to competition for carbohydrates/assimilates. Physiological studies have indicated that organ abscission may be activated by Suc deprivation; however, an underlying regulatory mechanism that links Suc transport to organ shedding has yet to be identified. Here, we report that transport of Suc and the phytohormone auxin to petals through the phloem of the abscission zone (AZ) decreases during petal abscission in rose (Rosa hybrida), and that auxin regulates Suc transport into the petals. Expression of the Suc transporter RhSUC2 decreased in the AZ during rose petal abscission. Similarly, silencing of RhSUC2 reduced the Suc content in the petals and promotes petal abscission. We established that the auxin signaling protein RhARF7 binds to the promoter of RhSUC2, and that silencing of RhARF7 reduces petal Suc contents and promotes petal abscission. Overexpression of RhSUC2 in the petal AZ restored accelerated petal abscission caused by RhARF7 silencing. Moreover, treatment of rose petals with auxin and Suc delayed ethylene-induced abscission, whereas silencing of RhARF7 and RhSUC2 accelerated ethylene-induced petal abscission. Our results demonstrate that auxin modulates Suc transport during petal abscission, and that this process is regulated by a RhARF7-RhSUC2 module in the AZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuerong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Palinuer Aiwaili
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, New York 14853
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Cai-Zhong Jiang
- Crops Pathology and Genetic Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Davis, California 95616
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616
| | - Bo Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, Department of Ornamental Horticulture, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Tarelkina TV, Novitskaya LL, Galibina NA, Moshchenskaya YL, Nikerova KM, Nikolaeva NN, Sofronova IN, Ivanova DS, Semenova LI. Expression Analysis of Key Auxin Biosynthesis, Transport, and Metabolism Genes of Betula pendula with Special Emphasis on Figured Wood Formation in Karelian Birch. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9111406. [PMID: 33105649 PMCID: PMC7690449 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Auxin status in woody plants is believed to be a critical factor for the quantity and quality of the wood formed. It has been previously demonstrated that figured wood formation in Karelian birch (Betula pendula Roth var. carelica (Merckl.) Hämet-Ahti) is associated with a reduced auxin level and elevated sugar content in the differentiating xylem, but the molecular mechanisms of the abnormal xylogenesis remained largely unclear. We have identified genes involved in auxin biosynthesis (Yucca), polar auxin transport (PIN) and the conjugation of auxin with amino acids (GH3) and UDP-glucose (UGT84B1) in the B. pendula genome, and analysed their expression in trunk tissues of trees differing in wood structure. Almost all the investigated genes were overexpressed in Karelian birch trunks. Although Yucca genes were overexpressed, trunk tissues in areas developing figured grain had traits of an auxin-deficient phenotype. Overexpression of GH3s and UGT84B1 appears to have a greater effect on figured wood formation. Analysis of promoters of the differentially expressed genes revealed a large number of binding sites with various transcription factors associated with auxin and sugar signalling. These data agree with the hypothesis that anomalous figured wood formation in Karelian birch may be associated with the sugar induction of auxin conjugation.
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Olatunji D, Kelley DR. A role for Arabidopsis myosins in sugar-induced hypocotyl elongation. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2020; 2020:10.17912/micropub.biology.000276. [PMID: 32666043 PMCID: PMC7351584 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gras DE, Mansilla N, Rodríguez C, Welchen E, Gonzalez DH. Arabidopsis thaliana SURFEIT1-like genes link mitochondrial function to early plant development and hormonal growth responses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:690-704. [PMID: 32248588 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in SURFEIT1 (SURF1) genes affect cytochrome c oxidase (COX) levels in different prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. In this work, we report that Arabidopsis thaliana has two genes that potentially encode SURF1 proteins, as a result of a duplication that took place in Brassicaceae. Both genes encode mitochondrial proteins and mutation in AtSURF1a causes embryonic lethality. Mutation in AtSURF1b, instead, causes defects in hypocotyl elongation under growth-stimulating conditions, such as low light intensity, increased ambient temperature and incubation with glucose. Mutants in AtSURF1b show reduced expression of the auxin reporter DR5:GUS and increased levels of the gibberellin reporter GFP-RGA, suggesting that auxin and gibberellin homeostasis are affected. In agreement, growth defects caused by AtSURF1b mutation can be overcome by treatment with indole-3-acetic acid and gibberellin A3 , and also by increasing expression of the auxin biosynthesis gene YUC8 or the transcription factor PIF4, which shows lower abundance in AtSURF1b-deficient plants. Mutants in AtSURF1b display lower COX levels, higher alternative oxidase and superoxide levels, and increased expression of genes that respond to mitochondrial dysfunction. Decreased hypocotyl growth and DR5:GUS expression can be reversed by treatment with reduced glutathione, suggesting that redox changes, probably related to mitochondrial dysfunction, are responsible for the effect of AtSURF1b deficiency on hormone responses. The results indicate that changes in AtSURF1b affect mitochondrial function and the production of reactive oxygen species, which, in turn, impinges on a growth regulatory circuit that involves auxin, gibberellins and the transcription factor PIF4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana E Gras
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natanael Mansilla
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carina Rodríguez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Elina Welchen
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Daniel H Gonzalez
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Guo A, Hu Y, Shi M, Wang H, Wu Y, Wang Y. Effects of iron deficiency and exogenous sucrose on the intermediates of chlorophyll biosynthesis in Malus halliana. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232694. [PMID: 32375166 PMCID: PMC7202898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Malus halliana is an iron (Fe)-efficient apple rootstock growing in calcareous soil that shows obvious 'greenness' traits during Fe deficiency. Recent studies have shown that exogenous sugars can be involved in abiotic stress. To identify the key regulatory steps of chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis in M. halliana under Fe deficiency and to verify whether exogenous sucrose (Suc) is involved in Fe deficiency stress, we determined the contents of the Chl precursor and the expression of several Chl biosynthetic genes in M. halliana. The results showed that Fe deficiency caused a significant increase in the contents of protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX), Mg-protoporphyrin IX (Mg-Proto IX) and protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) in M. halliana compared to the Fe-sensitive rootstock Malus hupehensis. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) also showed that the expression of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPOX), which synthesizes Proto IX, was upregulated in M. halliana and downregulated in M. hupehensis under Fe deficiency. Exogenous Suc application prominently enhanced the contents of porphobilinogen (PBG) and the subsequent precursor, whereas it decreased the level of δ-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA), suggesting that the transformation from ALA to PBG was catalyzed in M. halliana. Additionally, the transcript level of δ-aminolevulinate acid dehydratase (ALAD) was noticeably upregulated after exogenous Suc treatment. This result, combined with the precursor contents, indicated that Suc accelerated the steps of Chl biosynthesis by modulating the ALAD gene. Therefore, we conclude that PPOX is the key regulatory gene of M. halliana in response to Fe deficiency. Exogenous Suc enhances M. halliana tolerance to Fe deficiency stress by regulating Chl biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixia Guo
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ya Hu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mingfu Shi
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hai Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yuxia Wu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanxiu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Phan TLCHB, Delorge I, Avonce N, Van Dijck P. Functional Characterization of Class I Trehalose Biosynthesis Genes in Physcomitrella patens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1694. [PMID: 32038675 PMCID: PMC6984353 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The function of trehalose metabolism in plants during growth and development has been extensively studied, mostly in the eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana. So far, however, not much is known about trehalose metabolism in the moss Physcomitrella patens. Here, we show that in P. patens, two active trehalose-6-phosphate synthase enzymes exist, PpTPS1 and PpTPS2. Expression of both enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae can complement the glucose-growth defect of the yeast tps1∆ mutant. Truncation of N-terminal extension in PpTPS1 and PpTPS2 resulted in higher TPS activity and high trehalose levels, upon expression in yeast. Physcomitrella knockout plants were generated and analyzed in various conditions to functionally characterize these proteins. tps1∆ and tps2∆ knockouts displayed a lower amount of caulonema filaments and were significantly reduced in size of gametophores as compared to the wild type. These phenotypes were more pronounced in the tps1∆ tps2∆ mutant. Caulonema formation is induced by factors such as high energy and auxins. Only high amounts of supplied energy were able to induce caulonema filaments in the tps1∆ tps2∆ mutant. Furthermore, this mutant was less sensitive to auxins as NAA-induced caulonema development was arrested in the tps1∆ tps2∆ mutant. In contrast, formation of caulonema filaments is repressed by cytokinins. This effect was more severe in the tps1∆ and tps1∆ tps2∆ mutants. Our results demonstrate that PpTPS1 and PpTPS2 are essential for sensing and signaling sugars and plant hormones to monitor the balance between caulonema and chloronema development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Le Cong Huyen Bao Phan
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Cantho University, Cantho, Vietnam
| | - Ines Delorge
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nelson Avonce
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Rosado D, Trench B, Bianchetti R, Zuccarelli R, Rodrigues Alves FR, Purgatto E, Segal Floh EI, Silveira Nogueira FT, Freschi L, Rossi M. Downregulation of PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 Influences Plant Development and Fruit Production. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:1360-1370. [PMID: 31519788 PMCID: PMC6836831 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant development is highly dependent on the ability to perceive and cope with environmental changes. In this context, PIF proteins are key players in the cellular hub controlling responses to fluctuating light and temperature conditions. Reports in various plant species show that manipulation of the PIF4 level affects important agronomical traits. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), SlPIF1a and SlPIF3 regulate fruit nutraceutical composition. However, the wider role of this protein family, and the potential of their manipulation for the improvement of other traits, has not been explored. Here we report the effects of constitutive silencing of tomato SlPIF4 on whole-plant physiology and development. Ripening anticipation and higher carotenoid levels observed in SlPIF4-silenced fruits revealed a redundant role of SlPIF4 in the accumulation of nutraceutical compounds. Furthermore, silencing triggered a significant reduction in plant size, flowering, fruit yield, and fruit size. This phenotype was most likely caused by reduced auxin levels and altered carbon partitioning. Impaired thermomorphogenesis and delayed leaf senescence were also observed in silenced plants, highlighting the functional conservation of PIF4 homologs in angiosperms. Overall, this work improves our understanding of the role of PIF proteins-and light signaling-in metabolic and developmental processes that affect yield and composition of fleshy fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Rosado
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Trench
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Bianchetti
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Zuccarelli
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Purgatto
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eny Iochevet Segal Floh
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luciano Freschi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Galstyan A, Nemhauser JL. Auxin promotion of seedling growth via ARF5 is dependent on the brassinosteroid-regulated transcription factors BES1 and BEH4. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00166. [PMID: 31508562 PMCID: PMC6722427 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Seedlings must continually calibrate their growth in response to the environment. Auxin and brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant hormones that work together to control growth responses during photomorphogenesis. We used our previous analysis of promoter architecture in an auxin and BR target gene to guide our investigation into the broader molecular bases and biological relevance of transcriptional co-regulation by these hormones. We found that the auxin-regulated transcription factor Auxin Responsive Factor 5 (ARF5) and the brassinosteroid-regulated transcription factor BRI1-EMS-Suppressor 1/Brassinazole Resistant 2 (BES1) co-regulated a subset of growth-promoting genes via conserved bipartite cis-regulatory elements. Moreover, ARF5 binding to DNA could be enriched by increasing BES1 levels. The evolutionary loss of bipartite elements in promoters results in loss of hormone responsiveness. We also identified another member of the BES1/BZR1 family called BEH4 that acts partially redundantly with BES1 to regulate seedling growth. Double mutant analysis showed that BEH4 and not BZR1 were required alongside BES1 for normal auxin response during early seedling development. We propose that an ARF5-BES1/BEH4 transcriptional module acts to promote growth via modulation of a diverse set of growth-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahit Galstyan
- Department of BiologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
- Present address:
Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding ResearchCarl‐von‐Linné‐Weg 10Cologne50829Germany
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Wang L, Liu PC, Wu LM, Tan J, Peacock WJ, Dennis ES. Cotyledons contribute to plant growth and hybrid vigor in Arabidopsis. PLANTA 2019; 249:1107-1118. [PMID: 30552582 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-3068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In hybrids of Arabidopsis, cotyledons influence the amount and proportion of hybrid vigor in total plant growth. We found Arabidopsis cotyledons are essential for plant growth and in some hybrids for hybrid vigor. In hybrids between C24 and Landsberg erecta (Ler), biomass vigor (heterosis) occurs in the first few days after sowing (DAS), with hybrid cotyledons being larger than those of their parents. C24xLer hybrids are ahead of their parents in activating photosynthesis and auxin pathway genes in cotyledons at 3-4 DAS. "Earliness" is also present in newly emerged C24xLer hybrid leaves. We showed cotyledon removal at 4 DAS caused significant biomass reduction in later growth in hybrids and parental lines. The biomass decrease caused by cotyledon removal can be partially rescued by exogenous sucrose or auxin with different genotypes responding to sucrose and/or auxin differently. Cotyledon removal has different effects on heterosis in different hybrids. After cotyledon removal, in C24xLer hybrids, both growth and heterosis were reduced in similar proportions, but the level of hybrid vigor was reduced as a proportion of growth in C24xColumbia (Col) and ColxLer hybrids. The removal of cotyledons at 4 DAS markedly decreased the level of growth and eliminated the heterotic phenotype of Wassilewskija (Ws)/Ler hybrids. In mutant Ws/Ler hybrids which had a reduced level of photosynthesis in the cotyledons, there was a reduction in plant growth and loss of heterosis. The variation in contribution of cotyledons to heterosis in different hybrids indicates there are multiple pathways to achieve heterotic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Pei-Chuan Liu
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Li Min Wu
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Jiafu Tan
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - W James Peacock
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S Dennis
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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Janková Drdová E, Klejchová M, Janko K, Hála M, Soukupová H, Cvrčková F, Žárský V. Developmental plasticity of Arabidopsis hypocotyl is dependent on exocyst complex function. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:1255-1265. [PMID: 30649396 PMCID: PMC6382343 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The collet (root-hypocotyl junction) region is an important plant transition zone between soil and atmospheric environments. Despite its crucial importance for plant development, little is known about how this transition zone is specified. Here we document the involvement of the exocyst complex in this process. The exocyst, an octameric tethering complex, participates in secretion and membrane recycling and is central to numerous cellular and developmental processes, such as growth of root hairs, cell expansion, recycling of PIN auxin efflux carriers and many others. We show that dark-grown Arabidopsis mutants deficient in exocyst subunits can form a hair-bearing ectopic collet-like structure above the true collet, morphologically resembling the true collet but also retaining some characteristics of the hypocotyl. The penetrance of this phenotypic defect is significantly influenced by cultivation temperature and carbon source, and is related to a defect in auxin regulation. These observations provide new insights into the regulation of collet region formation and developmental plasticity of the hypocotyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edita Janková Drdová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Martina Klejchová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Janko
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hála
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Soukupová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Fatima Cvrčková
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Žárský
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic
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Kaur H, Peel A, Acosta K, Gebril S, Ortega JL, Sengupta‐Gopalan C. Comparison of alfalfa plants overexpressing glutamine synthetase with those overexpressing sucrose phosphate synthase demonstrates a signaling mechanism integrating carbon and nitrogen metabolism between the leaves and nodules. PLANT DIRECT 2019; 3:e00115. [PMID: 31245757 PMCID: PMC6508842 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa, like other legumes, establishes a symbiotic relationship with the soil bacteria, Sinorhizobium meliloti, which results in the formation of the root nodules. Nodules contain the bacteria enclosed in a membrane-bound vesicle, the symbiosome where it fixes atmospheric N2 and converts it into ammonia using the bacterial enzyme, nitrogenase. The ammonia released into the cytoplasm from the symbiosome is assimilated into glutamine (Gln) using carbon skeletons produced by the metabolism of sucrose (Suc), which is imported into the nodules from the leaves. The key enzyme involved in the synthesis of Suc in the leaves is sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and glutamine synthetase (GS) is the enzyme with a role in ammonia assimilation in the root nodules. Alfalfa plants, overexpressing SPS or GS, or both showed increased growth and an increase in nodule function. The endogenous genes for the key enzymes in C/N metabolism showed increased expression in the nodules of both sets of transformants. Furthermore, the endogenous SPS and GS genes were also induced in the leaves and nodules of the transformants, irrespective of the transgene, suggesting that the two classes of plants share a common signaling pathway regulating C/N metabolism in the nodules. This study reaffirms the utility of the nodulated legume plant to study C/N interaction and the cross talk between the source and sink for C and N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanpreet Kaur
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew Mexico
| | - Amanda Peel
- Department of Learning, Teaching and CurriculumUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouri
| | - Karen Acosta
- Department of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania
| | - Sayed Gebril
- Department of HorticultureSohag UniversitySohagEgypt
| | - Jose Luis Ortega
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew Mexico
| | - Champa Sengupta‐Gopalan
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew Mexico
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Chabikwa TG, Brewer PB, Beveridge CA. Initial Bud Outgrowth Occurs Independent of Auxin Flow from Out of Buds. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:55-65. [PMID: 30404820 PMCID: PMC6324225 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Apical dominance is the process whereby the shoot tip inhibits the growth of axillary buds along the stem. It has been proposed that the shoot tip, which is the predominant source of the plant hormone auxin, prevents bud outgrowth by suppressing auxin canalization and export from axillary buds into the main stem. In this theory, auxin flow out of axillary buds is a prerequisite for bud outgrowth, and buds are triggered to grow by an enhanced proportional flow of auxin from the buds. A major challenge of directly testing this model is in being able to create a bud- or stem-specific change in auxin transport. Here we evaluate the relationship between specific changes in auxin efflux from axillary buds and bud outgrowth after shoot tip removal (decapitation) in the pea (Pisum sativum). The auxin transport inhibitor 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) and to a lesser extent, the auxin perception inhibitor p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB), effectively blocked auxin efflux from axillary buds of intact and decapitated plants without affecting auxin flow in the main stem. Gene expression analyses indicate that NPA and PCIB regulate auxin-inducible, and biosynthesis and transport genes, in axillary buds within 3 h after application. These inhibitors had no effect on initial bud outgrowth after decapitation or cytokinin (benzyladenine; BA) treatment. Inhibitory effects of PCIB and NPA on axillary bud outgrowth only became apparent from 48 h after treatment. These findings demonstrate that the initiation of decapitation- and cytokinin-induced axillary bud outgrowth is independent of auxin canalization and export from the bud.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinashe G Chabikwa
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Philip B Brewer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Christine A Beveridge
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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45
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Strobl SM, Kischka D, Heilmann I, Mouille G, Schneider S. The Tonoplastic Inositol Transporter INT1 From Arabidopsis thaliana Impacts Cell Elongation in a Sucrose-Dependent Way. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1657. [PMID: 30505313 PMCID: PMC6250803 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The tonoplastic inositol transporter INT1 is the only known transport protein in Arabidopsis that facilitates myo-inositol import from the vacuole into the cytoplasm. Impairment of the release of vacuolar inositol by knockout of INT1 results in a severe inhibition of cell elongation in roots as well as in etiolated hypocotyls. Importantly, a more strongly reduced cell elongation was observed when sucrose was supplied in the growth medium, and this sucrose-dependent effect can be complemented by the addition of exogenous myo-inositol. Comparing int1 mutants (defective in transport) with mutants defective in myo-inositol biosynthesis (mips1 mutants) revealed that the sucrose-induced inhibition in cell elongation does not just depend on inositol depletion. Secondary effects as observed for altered availability of inositol in biosynthesis mutants, as disturbed membrane turnover, alterations in PIN protein localization or alterations in inositol-derived signaling molecules could be ruled out to be responsible for impairing the cell elongation in int1 mutants. Although the molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated, our data implicate a crucial role of INT1-transported myo-inositol in regulating cell elongation in a sucrose-dependent manner and underline recent reports of regulatory roles for sucrose and other carbohydrate intermediates as metabolic semaphores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Maria Strobl
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Kischka
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Grégory Mouille
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Sabine Schneider
- Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Changes in resource partitioning between and within organs support growth adjustment to neighbor proximity in Brassicaceae seedlings. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E9953-E9961. [PMID: 30275313 PMCID: PMC6196536 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806084115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In dense communities, plants compete for light and sense potentially threatening neighbors prior to actual shading. In response to neighbor proximity cues, shade-intolerant plants selectively elongate stem-like structures, thereby enhancing access to unfiltered sunlight. Although key steps in plant proximity sensing and signaling have been identified, we know little about the metabolic adaptations underlying enhanced stem growth. Here, we show that, following the detection of neighbor proximity cues, seedlings allocate more carbon fixed in the cotyledons to the faster elongating hypocotyl. Moreover, we show that sucrose transport and a transcription factor responding to light and metabolic cues control hypocotyl elongation. Collectively, our work provides important insights into the metabolic changes underlying organ-specific growth adaptations to an environmental stress signal. In shade-intolerant plants, the perception of proximate neighbors rapidly induces architectural changes resulting in elongated stems and reduced leaf size. Sensing and signaling steps triggering this modified growth program have been identified. However, the underlying changes in resource allocation that fuel stem growth remain poorly understood. Through 14CO2 pulse labeling of Brassica rapa seedlings, we show that perception of the neighbor detection signal, low ratio of red to far-red light (R:FR), leads to increased carbon allocation from the major site of photosynthesis (cotyledons) to the elongating hypocotyl. While carbon fixation and metabolite levels remain similar in low R:FR, partitioning to all downstream carbon pools within the hypocotyl is increased. Genetic analyses using Arabidopsis thaliana mutants indicate that low-R:FR–induced hypocotyl elongation requires sucrose transport from the cotyledons and is regulated by a PIF7-dependent metabolic response. Moreover, our data suggest that starch metabolism in the hypocotyl has a growth-regulatory function. The results reveal a key mechanism by which metabolic adjustments can support rapid growth adaptation to a changing environment.
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Waite JM, Dardick C. TILLER ANGLE CONTROL 1 modulates plant architecture in response to photosynthetic signals. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4935-4944. [PMID: 30099502 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Light serves as an important environmental cue in regulating plant architecture. Previous work had demonstrated that both photoreceptor-mediated signaling and photosynthesis play a role in determining the orientation of plant organs. TILLER ANGLE CONTROL 1 (TAC1) was recently shown to function in setting the orientation of lateral branches in diverse plant species, but the degree to which it plays a role in light-mediated phenotypes is unknown. Here, we demonstrated that TAC1 expression was light dependent, as expression was lost under continuous dark or far-red growth conditions, but did not drop to these low levels during a diurnal time course. Loss of TAC1 in the dark was gradual, and experiments with photoreceptor mutants indicated this was not dependent upon red/far-red or blue light signaling, but partially required the signaling integrator CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 1 (COP1). Overexpression of TAC1 partially prevented the narrowing of branch angles in the dark or under far-red light. Treatment with the carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor norflurazon or the PSII inhibitor 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) led to loss of TAC1 expression similar to dark or far-red conditions, but expression increased in response to the PSI inhibitor paraquat. Treatment of adult plants with norflurazon resulted in upward growth angle of branch tips. Our results indicate that TAC1 plays an important role in modulating plant architecture in response to photosynthetic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Waite
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, USA
| | - Chris Dardick
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Appalachian Fruit Research Station, Kearneysville, WV, USA
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Sakr S, Wang M, Dédaldéchamp F, Perez-Garcia MD, Ogé L, Hamama L, Atanassova R. The Sugar-Signaling Hub: Overview of Regulators and Interaction with the Hormonal and Metabolic Network. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 57:2367-2379. [PMID: 30149541 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development has to be continuously adjusted to the available resources. Their optimization requires the integration of signals conveying the plant metabolic status, its hormonal balance, and its developmental stage. Many investigations have recently been conducted to provide insights into sugar signaling and its interplay with hormones and nitrogen in the fine-tuning of plant growth, development, and survival. The present review emphasizes the diversity of sugar signaling integrators, the main molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to the sugar-signaling dependent regulations, and to the regulatory hubs acting in the interplay of the sugar-hormone and sugar-nitrogen networks. It also contributes to compiling evidence likely to fill a few knowledge gaps, and raises new questions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soulaiman Sakr
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Ming Wang
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Fabienne Dédaldéchamp
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Maria-Dolores Perez-Garcia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Laurent Ogé
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Rossitza Atanassova
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
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Sakr S, Wang M, Dédaldéchamp F, Perez-Garcia MD, Ogé L, Hamama L, Atanassova R. The Sugar-Signaling Hub: Overview of Regulators and Interaction with the Hormonal and Metabolic Network. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092506. [PMID: 30149541 PMCID: PMC6165531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development has to be continuously adjusted to the available resources. Their optimization requires the integration of signals conveying the plant metabolic status, its hormonal balance, and its developmental stage. Many investigations have recently been conducted to provide insights into sugar signaling and its interplay with hormones and nitrogen in the fine-tuning of plant growth, development, and survival. The present review emphasizes the diversity of sugar signaling integrators, the main molecular and biochemical mechanisms related to the sugar-signaling dependent regulations, and to the regulatory hubs acting in the interplay of the sugar-hormone and sugar-nitrogen networks. It also contributes to compiling evidence likely to fill a few knowledge gaps, and raises new questions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soulaiman Sakr
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Ming Wang
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Fabienne Dédaldéchamp
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Maria-Dolores Perez-Garcia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Laurent Ogé
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Latifa Hamama
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Agrocampus-Ouest, INRA, Université d'Angers, SFR 4207 QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France.
| | - Rossitza Atanassova
- Equipe "Sucres & Echanges Végétaux-Environnement", Ecologie et Biologie des Interactions, Université de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7267 EBI, Bâtiment B31, 3 rue Jacques Fort, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers CEDEX 9, France.
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50
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Dimitrov I, Tax FE. Lateral root growth in Arabidopsis is controlled by short and long distance signaling through the LRR RLKs XIP1/CEPR1 and CEPR2. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1489667. [PMID: 29993313 PMCID: PMC6110363 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1489667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plants rely on lateral roots to explore their soil environment and to maximize their uptake of essential minerals and water. Here we present evidence that the receptor kinases XIP1/CEPR1 and CEPR2 regulate both the initiation of lateral root primordia and emergence of lateral roots locally in the root, while also controlling lateral root extension in response to shoot-derived sucrose in Arabidopsis plants. In addition, mutation of both of these receptors prevents seedlings from responding to sucrose in the media, resulting in longer lateral roots. These results, combined with previous data, establish XIP1/CEPR1 and CEPR2-dependent roles in short- and long-distance pathways regulating different stages of lateral root growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Dimitrov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - F. E. Tax
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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