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Bruhn D, Povlsen P, Gardner A, Mercado LM. Instantaneous Q 10 of night-time leaf respiratory CO 2 efflux - measurement and analytical protocol considerations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:23-28. [PMID: 38600045 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The temperature sensitivity (e.g. Q10) of night-time leaf respiratory CO2 efflux (RCO2) is a fundamental aspect of leaf physiology. The Q10 typically exhibits a dependence on measurement temperature, and it is speculated that this is due to temperature-dependent shifts in the relative control of leaf RCO2. Two decades ago, a review hypothesized that this mechanistically caused change in values of Q10 is predictable across plant taxa and biomes. Here, we discuss the most appropriate measuring protocol among existing data and for future data collection, to form the foundation of a future mechanistic understanding of Q10 of leaf RCO2 at different temperature ranges. We do this primarily via a review of existing literature on Q10 of night-time RCO2 and only supplement this to a lesser degree with our own original data. Based on mechanistic considerations, we encourage that instantaneous Q10 of leaf RCO2 to represent night-time should be measured: only at night-time; only in response to short-term narrow temperature variation (e.g. max. 10°C) to represent a given midpoint temperature at a time; in response to as many temperatures as possible within the chosen temperature range; and on still attached leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bruhn
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark
| | - Peter Povlsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark
| | - Anna Gardner
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, EX4 4QE, Exeter, UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B14 2TT, UK
| | - Lina M Mercado
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, EX4 4QE, Exeter, UK
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2
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Qin H, Sun M, Guo W, He Y, Yao Y, Resco de Dios V. Time-dependent regulation of respiration is widespread across plant evolution. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:408-415. [PMID: 37927244 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Establishing the temperature dependence of respiration is critical for accurate predictions of the global carbon cycle under climate change. Diurnal temperature fluctuations, or changes in substrate availability, lead to variations in leaf respiration. Additionally, recent studies hint that the thermal sensitivity of respiration could be time-dependent. However, the role for endogenous processes, independent from substrate availability, as drivers of temporal changes in the sensitivity of respiration to temperature across phylogenies has not yet been addressed. Here, we examined the diurnal variation in the response of respiration to temperatures (R-T relationship) for different lycophyte, fern, gymnosperm and angiosperm species. We tested whether time-dependent changes in the R-T relationship would impact leaf level respiration modelling. We hypothesized that interactions between endogenous processes, like the circadian clock, and leaf respiration would be independent from changes in substrate availability. Overall, we observed a time-dependent sensitivity in the R-T relationship across phylogenies, independent of temperature, that affected modelling parameters. These results are compatible with circadian gating of respiration, but further studies should analyse the possible involvement of the clock. Our results indicate time-dependent regulation of respiration might be widespread across phylogenies, and that endogenous regulation of respiration is likely affecting leaf-level respiration fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Qin
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Mengqi Sun
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Weizhou Guo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Yingpeng He
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Yinan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Víctor Resco de Dios
- Department of Forest and Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lérida, Spain
- JRU CTFC-AGROTECNIO-CERCA Centre, Lérida, Spain
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3
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Zheng DM, Wang X, Liu Q, Sun YR, Ma WT, Li L, Yang Z, Tcherkez G, Adams MA, Yang Y, Gong XY. Temperature responses of leaf respiration in light and darkness are similar and modulated by leaf development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1435-1446. [PMID: 37997699 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to predict temperature responses of leaf respiration in light and darkness (RL and RDk ) is essential to models of global carbon dynamics. While many models rely on constant thermal sensitivity (characterized by Q10 ), uncertainty remains as to whether Q10 of RL and RDk are actually similar. We measured short-term temperature responses of RL and RDk in immature and mature leaves of two evergreen tree species, Castanopsis carlesii and Ormosia henry in an open field. RL was estimated by the Kok method, the Yin method and a newly developed Kok-iterCc method. When estimated by the Yin and Kok-iterCc methods, RL and RDk had similar Q10 (c. 2.5). The Kok method overestimated both Q10 and the light inhibition of respiration. RL /RDk was not affected by leaf temperature. Acclimation of respiration in summer was associated with a decline in basal respiration but not in Q10 in both species, which was related to changes in leaf nitrogen content between seasons. Q10 of RL and RDk in mature leaves were 40% higher than in immature leaves. Our results suggest similar Q10 values can be used to model RL and RDk while leaf development-associated changes in Q10 require special consideration in future respiration models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ming Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, 365000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Yan Ran Sun
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Wei Ting Ma
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Zhijie Yang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, 365000, China
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRAe, Université d'Angers, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070, Beaucouzé, France
| | - Mark A Adams
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, 365000, China
| | - Xiao Ying Gong
- Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
- Fujian Sanming Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Sanming, 365000, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-Physiology, Fuzhou, 350117, China
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4
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Yin X, Amthor JS. Estimating leaf day respiration from conventional gas exchange measurements. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:52-58. [PMID: 37858976 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Leaf day respiration (Rd ) strongly influences carbon-use efficiencies of whole plants and the global terrestrial biosphere. It has long been thought that Rd is slower than respiration in the dark at a given temperature, but measuring Rd by gas exchange remains a challenge because leaves in the light are also photosynthesizing. The Kok method and the Laisk method are widely used to estimate Rd . We highlight theoretical limitations of these popular methods, and recent progress toward their improvement by using additional information from chlorophyll fluorescence and by accounting for the photosynthetic reassimilation of respired CO2 . The latest evidence for daytime CO2 and energy release from the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in chloroplasts appears to be important to understanding Rd .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey S Amthor
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, 86011, USA
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5
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Cox AJF, Hartley IP, Meir P, Sitch S, Dusenge ME, Restrepo Z, González-Caro S, Villegas JC, Uddling J, Mercado LM. Acclimation of photosynthetic capacity and foliar respiration in Andean tree species to temperature change. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2329-2344. [PMID: 36987979 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming is causing compositional changes in Andean tropical montane forests (TMFs). These shifts are hypothesised to result from differential responses to warming of cold- and warm-affiliated species, with the former experiencing mortality and the latter migrating upslope. The thermal acclimation potential of Andean TMFs remains unknown. Along a 2000 m Andean altitudinal gradient, we planted individuals of cold- and warm-affiliated species (under common soil and irrigation), exposing them to the hot and cold extremes of their thermal niches, respectively. We measured the response of net photosynthesis (Anet ), photosynthetic capacity and leaf dark respiration (Rdark ) to warming/cooling, 5 months after planting. In all species, Anet and photosynthetic capacity at 25°C were highest when growing at growth temperatures (Tg ) closest to their thermal means, declining with warming and cooling in cold-affiliated and warm-affiliated species, respectively. When expressed at Tg , photosynthetic capacity and Rdark remained unchanged in cold-affiliated species, but the latter decreased in warm-affiliated counterparts. Rdark at 25°C increased with temperature in all species, but remained unchanged when expressed at Tg . Both species groups acclimated to temperature, but only warm-affiliated species decreased Rdark to photosynthetic capacity ratio at Tg as temperature increased. This could confer them a competitive advantage under future warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J F Cox
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RKJ, UK
| | - Iain P Hartley
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RKJ, UK
| | - Patrick Meir
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JN, UK
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Stephen Sitch
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RKJ, UK
| | - Mirindi Eric Dusenge
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RKJ, UK
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Zorayda Restrepo
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Aplicada, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh-Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Sebastian González-Caro
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RKJ, UK
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh-Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Juan Camilo Villegas
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Aplicada, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Johan Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Sweden
| | - Lina M Mercado
- Geography, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RKJ, UK
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Crowmarsh-Gifford, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
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6
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Sun YR, Ma WT, Xu YN, Wang X, Li L, Tcherkez G, Gong XY. Short- and long-term responses of leaf day respiration to elevated atmospheric CO2. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:2204-2217. [PMID: 36517877 PMCID: PMC10069886 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating leaf day respiration rate (RL), which is believed to differ from that in the dark (RDk), is essential for predicting global carbon cycles under climate change. Several studies have suggested that atmospheric CO2 impacts RL. However, the magnitude of such an impact and associated mechanisms remain uncertain. To explore the CO2 effect on RL, wheat (Triticum aestivum) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) plants were grown under ambient (410 ppm) and elevated (820 ppm) CO2 mole fraction ([CO2]). RL was estimated from combined gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements using the Kok method, the Kok-Phi method, and a revised Kok method (Kok-Cc method). We found that elevated growth [CO2] led to an 8.4% reduction in RL and a 16.2% reduction in RDk in both species, in parallel to decreased leaf N and chlorophyll contents at elevated growth [CO2]. We also looked at short-term CO2 effects during gas exchange experiments. Increased RL or RL/RDk at elevated measurement [CO2] were found using the Kok and Kok-Phi methods, but not with the Kok-Cc method. This discrepancy was attributed to the unaccounted changes in Cc in the former methods. We found that the Kok and Kok-Phi methods underestimate RL and overestimate the inhibition of respiration under low irradiance conditions of the Kok curve, and the inhibition of RL was only 6%, representing 26% of the apparent Kok effect. We found no significant long-term CO2 effect on RL/RDk, originating from a concurrent reduction in RL and RDk at elevated growth [CO2], and likely mediated by acclimation of nitrogen metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ran Sun
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Wei Ting Ma
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yi Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Xuming Wang
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRAe, Université d’Angers, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070 Beaucouzé, France
| | - Xiao Ying Gong
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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Bulut M, Alseekh S, Fernie AR. Natural variation of respiration-related traits in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:2120-2132. [PMID: 36546766 PMCID: PMC10069898 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant respiration is one of the greatest global metabolic fluxes, but rates of respiration vary massively both within different cell types as well as between different individuals and different species. Whilst this is well known, few studies have detailed population-level variation of respiration until recently. The last 20 years have seen a renaissance in studies of natural variance. In this review, we describe how experimental breeding populations and collections of large populations of accessions can be used to determine the genetic architecture of plant traits. We further detail how these approaches have been used to study the rate of respiration per se as well as traits that are intimately associated with respiration. The review highlights specific breakthroughs in these areas but also concludes that the approach should be more widely adopted in the study of respiration per se as opposed to the more frequently studied respiration-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Bulut
- Department of Root Biology and Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Department of Root Biology and Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
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8
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Stagakis S, Feigenwinter C, Vogt R, Kalberer M. A high-resolution monitoring approach of urban CO 2 fluxes. Part 1 - bottom-up model development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:160216. [PMID: 36402316 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of urban areas is increasingly important to assess the progress towards the Paris Agreement goals for climate neutrality. Cities are currently voluntarily developing their local inventories, however, the approaches used across different cities are not systematically assessed, present consistency issues, neglect the biogenic fluxes and have restricted spatial and temporal resolution. In order to assess the accuracy of the urban emission inventories and provide information which is useful for planning local climate change mitigation actions, high resolution modelling approaches combined or evaluated with atmospheric observations are needed. This study presents a new high-resolution bottom-up (BU) model which provides hourly maps of all major components contributing to the local urban surface CO2 flux (i.e. building emissions, traffic emissions, human respiration, soil respiration, plant respiration, plant photosynthetic uptake) and can therefore be used for direct comparison with in-situ atmospheric observations and development of local scale atmospheric inversion methodologies. The model design aims to be simple and flexible using inputs that are available in most cities, facilitating transferability to different locations. The inputs are primarily based on open geospatial datasets, census information, road traffic monitoring and basic meteorological parameters. The model is applied on the city centre of Basel, Switzerland, for the year 2018 and the results are compared to a local inventory. It is demonstrated that the model captures the highly dynamic spatiotemporal variability of the urban CO2 fluxes according to main environmental drivers, population activity dynamics and geospatial information proxies. The annual modelled emissions from buildings and traffic are estimated 14.8 % and 9 % lower than the respective information derived by the local inventory. The differences are mainly attributed to the emissions from the industrial areas and the highways which are beyond the geographical coverage of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Stagakis
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Feigenwinter
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Roland Vogt
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Kalberer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 27, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Faber AH, Griffin KL, Tjoelker MG, Pagter M, Yang J, Bruhn D. Consistent diurnal pattern of leaf respiration in the light among contrasting species and climates. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:71-85. [PMID: 35727175 PMCID: PMC9544685 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Leaf daytime respiration (leaf respiration in the light, RL ) is often assumed to constitute a fixed fraction of leaf dark respiration (RD ) (i.e. a fixed light inhibition of respiration (RD )) and vary diurnally due to temperature fluctuations. These assumptions were tested by measuring RL , RD and the light inhibition of RD in the field at a constant temperature using the Kok method. Measurements were conducted diurnally on 21 different species: 13 deciduous, four evergreen and four herbaceous from humid continental and humid subtropical climates. RL and RD showed significant diurnal variations and the diurnal pattern differed in trajectory and magnitude between climates, but not between plant functional types (PFTs). The light inhibition of RD varied diurnally and differed between climates and in trajectory between PFTs. The results highlight the entrainment of leaf daytime respiration to the diurnal cycle and that time of day should be accounted for in studies seeking to examine the environmental and biological drivers of leaf daytime respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas H. Faber
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityFredrik Bajers Vej 7H9220AalborgDenmark
| | - Kevin L. Griffin
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesColumbia UniversityPalisadesNY10964USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
- Lamont‐Doherty Earth ObservatoryColumbia UniversityPalisadesNY10964USA
| | - Mark G. Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2750Australia
| | - Majken Pagter
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityFredrik Bajers Vej 7H9220AalborgDenmark
| | - Jinyan Yang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2750Australia
| | - Dan Bruhn
- Department of Chemistry and BioscienceAalborg UniversityFredrik Bajers Vej 7H9220AalborgDenmark
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10
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Durand M, Stangl ZR, Salmon Y, Burgess AJ, Murchie EH, Robson TM. Sunflecks in the upper canopy: dynamics of light-use efficiency in sun and shade leaves of Fagus sylvatica. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1365-1378. [PMID: 35569099 PMCID: PMC9543657 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sunflecks are transient patches of direct radiation that provide a substantial proportion of the daily irradiance to leaves in the lower canopy. In this position, faster photosynthetic induction would allow for higher sunfleck-use efficiency, as is commonly reported in the literature. Yet, when sunflecks are too few and far between, it may be more beneficial for shade leaves to prioritize efficient photosynthesis under shade. We investigated the temporal dynamics of photosynthetic induction, recovery under shade, and stomatal movement during a sunfleck, in sun and shade leaves of Fagus sylvatica from three provenances of contrasting origin. We found that shade leaves complete full induction in a shorter time than sun leaves, but that sun leaves respond faster than shade leaves due to their much larger amplitude of induction. The core-range provenance achieved faster stomatal opening in shade leaves, which may allow for better sunfleck-use efficiency in denser canopies and lower canopy positions. Our findings represent a paradigm shift for future research into light fluctuations in canopies, drawing attention to the ubiquitous importance of sunflecks for photosynthesis, not only in lower-canopy leaves where shade is prevalent, but particularly in the upper canopy where longer sunflecks are more common due to canopy openness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Durand
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Helsinki00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Zsofia R. Stangl
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Helsinki00014HelsinkiFinland
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences901 83UmeåSweden
| | - Yann Salmon
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/PhysicsUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 68, Gustaf Hällströminkatu 2bHelsinki00014Finland
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiPO Box 27Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Alexandra J. Burgess
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusSutton BoningtonLE12 5RDUK
| | - Erik H. Murchie
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusSutton BoningtonLE12 5RDUK
| | - T. Matthew Robson
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology (OEB), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Helsinki00014HelsinkiFinland
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11
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Physiological attributes and transcriptomics analyses reveal the mechanism response of Helictotrichon virescens to low temperature stress. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:280. [PMID: 35392804 PMCID: PMC8991566 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Helictotrichon virescens is a perennial grass that is primarily distributed in high altitude areas of 2000 ~ 4500 m. It is widely cultivated in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China, strongly resistant to cold, and an essential part of the wild herbs in this region. However, the molecular mechanism of the response of H. virescens to low temperature stress and the key regulatory genes for specific biological processes are poorly understood. Results Physiological and transcriptome analyses were used to study the cold stress response mechanism in H virescens. During the low temperature stress period, the content of chlorophyll a and b decreased more and more with the delay of the treatment time. Among them, the difference between the controls was not significant, and the difference between the control and the treatment was significant. At the same time, the expression of related differential genes was up-regulated during low temperature treatment. In addition, the plant circadian pathway is crucial for their response to cold stress. The expression of differentially expressed genes that encode LHY and HY5 were strongly up-regulated during cold stress. Conclusions This study should help to fully understand how H. virescens responds to low temperatures. It answers pertinent questions in the response of perennial herbs to cold stress, i.e., how light and low temperature signals integrate to regulate plant circadian rhythms and Decrease of content of chlorophylls (which can be also accompanied with decrease of total quantity of reaction centers) leads to an increase in photosynthetic damage. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08526-4.
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12
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Sturchio MA, Chieppa J, Chapman SK, Canas G, Aspinwall MJ. Temperature acclimation of leaf respiration differs between marsh and mangrove vegetation in a coastal wetland ecotone. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:612-629. [PMID: 34653300 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Temperature acclimation of leaf respiration (R) is an important determinant of ecosystem responses to temperature and the magnitude of temperature-CO2 feedbacks as climate warms. Yet, the extent to which temperature acclimation of R exhibits a common pattern across different growth conditions, ecosystems, and plant functional types remains unclear. Here, we measured the short-term temperature response of R at six time points over a 10-month period in two coastal wetland species (Avicennia germinans [C3 mangrove] and Spartina alterniflora [C4 marsh grass]) growing under ambient and experimentally warmed temperatures at two sites in a marsh-mangrove ecotone. Leaf nitrogen (N) was determined on a subsample of leaves to explore potential coupling of R and N. We hypothesized that both species would reduce R at 25°C (R25 ) and the short-term temperature sensitivity of R (Q10 ) as air temperature (Tair ) increased across seasons, but the decline would be stronger in Avicennia than in Spartina. For each species, we hypothesized that seasonal temperature acclimation of R would be equivalent in plants grown under ambient and warmed temperatures, demonstrating convergent acclimation. Surprisingly, Avicennia generally increased R25 with increasing growth temperature, although the Q10 declined as seasonal temperatures increased and did so consistently across sites and treatments. Weak temperature acclimation resulted in reduced homeostasis of R in Avicennia. Spartina reduced R25 and the Q10 as seasonal temperatures increased. In Spartina, seasonal temperature acclimation was largely consistent across sites and treatments resulting in greater respiratory homeostasis. We conclude that co-occurring coastal wetland species may show contrasting patterns of respiratory temperature acclimation. Nonetheless, leaf N scaled positively with R25 in both species, highlighting the importance of leaf N in predicting respiratory capacity across a range of growth temperatures. The patterns of respiratory temperature acclimation shown here may improve the predictions of temperature controls of CO2 fluxes in coastal wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Sturchio
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Jeff Chieppa
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Samantha K Chapman
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gabriela Canas
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Michael J Aspinwall
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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13
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Tombesi S, Frioni T, Grisafi F, Sabbatini P, Poni S, Palliotti A. The Decrease of Leaf Dark Respiration during Water Stress Is Related to Leaf Non-Structural Carbohydrate Pool in Vitis vinifera L. PLANTS 2021; 11:plants11010036. [PMID: 35009039 PMCID: PMC8747558 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dark respiration (Rd) is a fundamental plant process used to gain biomass and maintain plant physiological activity. It accounts for the metabolization of a large share of the carbon fixed by photosynthesis. However, Rd during conditions of severe plant water stress is still poorly understood. The decrease in leaf transpiration increases temperature, one of the most important drivers of leaf Rd. On the other hand, water stress decreases the pool of leaf carbohydrates, which are the most important substrate for respiration. The aim of the present work was to determine the impact of water shortage on leaf Rd in grapevine and understand the driving factors in modulating leaf Rd response under plant water stress conditions. Water stressed vines had lower Rd as the water shortage severity increased. Rd was correlated with leaf temperature in well-watered vines. Instead, in water stressed vines, Rd correlated with leaf soluble sugars. The decrease of leaf Rd in water stressed vines was due to the decrease of leaf non-structural carbohydrate that, under water stress conditions, exerted a limiting effect on Rd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Tombesi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (T.F.); (F.G.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0523-599-221
| | - Tommaso Frioni
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (T.F.); (F.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Francesca Grisafi
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (T.F.); (F.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Paolo Sabbatini
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, 1066 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Stefano Poni
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (T.F.); (F.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Alberto Palliotti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Borgo 20 Giugno 74, 06154 Perugia, Italy;
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14
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Scafaro AP, Fan Y, Posch BC, Garcia A, Coast O, Atkin OK. Responses of leaf respiration to heatwaves. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2090-2101. [PMID: 33534189 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration (R) is central to plant physiology and responds dynamically to daily short-term temperature changes. In the longer-term, changes in energy demand and membrane fluidity can decrease leaf R at a common temperature and increase the temperature at which leaf R peaks (Tmax ). However, leaf R functionality is more susceptible to short-term heatwaves. Catalysis increases with rising leaf temperature, driving faster metabolism and leaf R demand, despite declines in photosynthesis restricting assimilate supply and growth. Proteins denature as temperatures increase further, adding to maintenance costs. Excessive heat also inactivates respiratory enzymes, with a concomitant limitation on the capacity of the R system. These competing push-and-pull factors are responsible for the diminishing acceleration in leaf R rate as temperature rises. Under extreme heat, membranes become overly fluid, and enzymes such as the cytochrome c oxidase are impaired. Such changes can lead to over-reduction of the energy system culminating in reactive oxygen species production. This ultimately leads to the total breakdown of leaf R, setting the limit of leaf survival. Understanding the heat stress responses of leaf R is imperative, given the continued rise in frequency and intensity of heatwaves and the importance of R for plant fitness and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Scafaro
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Yuzhen Fan
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Bradley C Posch
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Andres Garcia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Onoriode Coast
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Natural Resources Institute, Agriculture, Health and Environment Department, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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15
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Kronenberg L, Yates S, Ghiasi S, Roth L, Friedli M, Ruckle ME, Werner RA, Tschurr F, Binggeli M, Buchmann N, Studer B, Walter A. Rethinking temperature effects on leaf growth, gene expression and metabolism: Diel variation matters. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:2262-2276. [PMID: 33230869 PMCID: PMC8359295 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants have evolved to grow under prominently fluctuating environmental conditions. In experiments under controlled conditions, temperature is often set to artificial, binary regimes with constant values at day and at night. This study investigated how such a diel (24 hr) temperature regime affects leaf growth, carbohydrate metabolism and gene expression, compared to a temperature regime with a field-like gradual increase and decline throughout 24 hr. Soybean (Glycine max) was grown under two contrasting diel temperature treatments. Leaf growth was measured in high temporal resolution. Periodical measurements were performed of carbohydrate concentrations, carbon isotopes as well as the transcriptome by RNA sequencing. Leaf growth activity peaked at different times under the two treatments, which cannot be explained intuitively. Under field-like temperature conditions, leaf growth followed temperature and peaked in the afternoon, whereas in the binary temperature regime, growth increased at night and decreased during daytime. Differential gene expression data suggest that a synchronization of cell division activity seems to be evoked in the binary temperature regime. Overall, the results show that the coordination of a wide range of metabolic processes is markedly affected by the diel variation of temperature, which emphasizes the importance of realistic environmental settings in controlled condition experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Kronenberg
- Crop ScienceInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Steven Yates
- Molecular Plant BreedingInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Shiva Ghiasi
- Grassland SciencesInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Lukas Roth
- Crop ScienceInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Michael Friedli
- Crop ScienceInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Michael E. Ruckle
- Molecular Plant BreedingInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Roland A. Werner
- Grassland SciencesInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Flavian Tschurr
- Crop ScienceInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Melanie Binggeli
- Crop ScienceInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Grassland SciencesInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Bruno Studer
- Molecular Plant BreedingInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Achim Walter
- Crop ScienceInstitute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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16
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Ghiasi S, Lehmann MM, Badeck FW, Ghashghaie J, Hänsch R, Meinen R, Streb S, Hüdig M, Ruckle ME, Carrera DÁ, Siegwolf RTW, Buchmann N, Werner RA. Nitrate and ammonium differ in their impact on δ 13C of plant metabolites and respired CO 2 from tobacco leaves. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2021; 57:11-34. [PMID: 32885670 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2020.1810683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of foliage is often used as proxy for plant performance. However, the effect of N O 3 - vs. N H 4 + supply on δ13C of leaf metabolites and respired CO2 is largely unknown. We supplied tobacco plants with a gradient of N O 3 - to N H 4 + concentration ratios and determined gas exchange variables, concentrations and δ13C of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, δ13C of dark-respired CO2, and activities of key enzymes nitrate reductase, malic enzyme and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Net assimilation rate, dry biomass and concentrations of organic acids and starch decreased along the gradient. In contrast, respiration rates, concentrations of intercellular CO2, soluble sugars and amino acids increased. As N O 3 - decreased, activities of all measured enzymes decreased. δ13C of CO2 and organic acids closely co-varied and were more positive under N O 3 - supply, suggesting organic acids as potential substrates for respiration. Together with estimates of intra-molecular 13C enrichment in malate, we conclude that a change in the anaplerotic reaction of the TCA cycle possibly contributes to 13C enrichment in organic acids and respired CO2 under N O 3 - supply. Thus, the effect of N O 3 - vs. N H 4 + on δ13C is highly relevant, particularly if δ13C of leaf metabolites or respiration is used as proxy for plant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Ghiasi
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco M Lehmann
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Franz-W Badeck
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA-GB), Fiorenzuola d´Arda, Italy
| | - Jaleh Ghashghaie
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Systématique Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Institute of Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rieke Meinen
- Institute of Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Meike Hüdig
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants (IMBIO), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael E Ruckle
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dániel Á Carrera
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rolf T W Siegwolf
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Forest Dynamics, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roland A Werner
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Zhu L, Bloomfield KJ, Asao S, Tjoelker MG, Egerton JJG, Hayes L, Weerasinghe LK, Creek D, Griffin KL, Hurry V, Liddell M, Meir P, Turnbull MH, Atkin OK. Acclimation of leaf respiration temperature responses across thermally contrasting biomes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:1312-1325. [PMID: 32931621 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Short-term temperature response curves of leaf dark respiration (R-T) provide insights into a critical process that influences plant net carbon exchange. This includes how respiratory traits acclimate to sustained changes in the environment. Our study analysed 860 high-resolution R-T (10-70°C range) curves for: (a) 62 evergreen species measured in two contrasting seasons across several field sites/biomes; and (b) 21 species (subset of those sampled in the field) grown in glasshouses at 20°C : 15°C, 25°C : 20°C and 30°C : 25°C, day : night. In the field, across all sites/seasons, variations in R25 (measured at 25°C) and the leaf T where R reached its maximum (Tmax ) were explained by growth T (mean air-T of 30-d before measurement), solar irradiance and vapour pressure deficit, with growth T having the strongest influence. R25 decreased and Tmax increased with rising growth T across all sites and seasons with the single exception of winter at the cool-temperate rainforest site where irradiance was low. The glasshouse study confirmed that R25 and Tmax thermally acclimated. Collectively, the results suggest: (1) thermal acclimation of leaf R is common in most biomes; and (2) the high T threshold of respiration dynamically adjusts upward when plants are challenged with warmer and hotter climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Keith J Bloomfield
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK
| | - Shinichi Asao
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - John J G Egerton
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 116, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Lucy Hayes
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Danielle Creek
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- INRAE Univ. Clermont-Auvergne, PIAF, Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, France
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
| | - Vaughan Hurry
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, SE-901 84, Sweden
| | - Michael Liddell
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4878, Australia
| | - Patrick Meir
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Matthew H Turnbull
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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18
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Xu M, Liáng LL, Kirschbaum MUF, Fang S, Yu Y. Short-Term Temperature Response of Leaf Respiration in Different Subtropical Urban Tree Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:628995. [PMID: 33519882 PMCID: PMC7841330 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.628995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaf respiration is one of the critical components of the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. To predict changes of carbon emissions from leaves to the atmosphere under a warming climate, it is, therefore, important to understand the thermodynamics of the temperature response of leaf respiration. In this study, we measured the short-term temperature response of leaf respiration from five different urban tree species in a subtropical region of southern China. We applied two models, including an empirical model (the Kavanau model) and a mechanistic model (Macromolecular Rate Theory, MMRT), to investigate the thermodynamic properties in different plant species. Both models are equivalent in fitting measurements of the temperature response of leaf respiration with no significant difference (p = 0.67) in model efficiency, while MMRT provides an easy way to determine the thermodynamic properties, i.e., enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy of activation, for plant respiration. We found a conserved temperature response in the five studied plant species, showing no difference in thermodynamic properties and the relative temperature sensitivity for different species at low temperatures (<42°C). However, divergent temperature response among species happened at high temperatures over 42°C, showing more than two-fold differences in relative respiration rate compared to that below 42°C, although the causes of the divergent temperature response remain unclear. Notably, the convergent temperature response at low temperatures could provide useful information for land surface models to improve predictions of climate change effects on plant respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lìyǐn L. Liáng
- Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Shuyi Fang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yina Yu
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Liu B, Wang XY, Cao Y, Arora R, Zhou H, Xia YP. Factors affecting freezing tolerance: a comparative transcriptomics study between field and artificial cold acclimations in overwintering evergreens. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:2279-2300. [PMID: 32593208 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Cold acclimation (CA) is a well-known strategy employed by plants to enhance freezing tolerance (FT) in winter. Global warming could disturb CA and increase the potential for winter freeze-injury. Thus, developing robust FT through complete CA is essential. To explore the molecular mechanisms of CA in woody perennials, we compared field and artificial CAs. Transcriptomic data showed that photosynthesis/photoprotection and fatty acid metabolism pathways were specifically enriched in field CA; carbohydrate metabolism, secondary metabolism and circadian rhythm pathways were commonly enriched in both field and artificial CAs. When compared with plants in vegetative growth in the chamber, we found that the light signals with warm air temperatures in the fall might induce the accumulation of leaf abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) concentrations, and activate Ca2+ , ABA and JA signaling transductions in plants. With the gradual cooling occurrence in winter, more accumulation of anthocyanin, chlorophyll degradation, closure/degradation of photosystem II reaction centers, and substantial accumulation of glucose and fructose contributed to obtaining robust FT during field CA. Moreover, we observed that in Rhododendron 'Elsie Lee', ABA and JA decreased in winter, which may be due to the strong requirement of zeaxanthin for rapid thermal dissipation and unsaturated fatty acids for membrane fluidity. Taken together, our results indicate that artificial CA has limitations to understand the field CA and field light signals (like short photoperiod, light intensity and/or light quality) before the low temperature in fall might be essential for complete CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Yun Wang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Rajeev Arora
- Department of Horticulture, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Ping Xia
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Genomics and Genetic Engineering Laboratory of Ornamental Plants, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Zhejiang, 310058, P. R. China
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20
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von Caemmerer S. Rubisco carboxylase/oxygenase: From the enzyme to the globe: A gas exchange perspective. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 252:153240. [PMID: 32707452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rubisco is the primary carboxylase of the photosynthetic process, the most abundant enzyme in the biosphere, and also one of the best-characterized enzymes. Rubisco also functions as an oxygenase, a discovery made 50 years ago by Bill Ogren. Carboxylation of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) is the first step of the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle and leads to the assimilation of CO2, whereas the oxygenase activity necessitates the recycling of phosphoglycolate through the photorespiratory carbon oxidation cycle with concomitant loss of CO2. Since the discovery of Rubisco's dual function, the biochemical properties of Rubisco have underpinned the mechanistic mathematical models of photosynthetic CO2 fixation which link Rubisco kinetic properties to gas exchange of leaves. This has allowed assessments of global CO2 exchange and predictions of how Rubisco has and will shape the environmental responses of crop and global photosynthesis in future climates. Rubisco's biochemical properties, including its slow catalytic turnover and poor affinity for CO2, constrain crop growth and therefore improving its activity and regulation and minimising photorespiration are key targets for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne von Caemmerer
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia.
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21
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Yin X, Niu Y, van der Putten PEL, Struik PC. The Kok effect revisited. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 227:1764-1775. [PMID: 32369617 PMCID: PMC7497127 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Kok effect refers to the abrupt decrease around the light compensation point in the slope of net photosynthetic rate vs irradiance. Arguably, this switch arises from light inhibition of respiration, allowing the Kok method to estimate day respiration (Rd ). Recent analysis suggests that increasing proportions of photorespiration (quantified as Γ*/Cc , the ratio of CO2 compensation point Γ* to chloroplast CO2 concentration, Cc ) with irradiance explain much of the Kok effect. Also, the Kok method has been modified to account for the decrease in PSII photochemical efficiency (Φ2 ) with irradiance. Using a model that illustrates how varying Rd , Γ*/Cc , Φ2 and proportions of alternative electron transport could engender the Kok effect, we quantified the contribution of these parameters to the Kok effect measured in sunflower across various O2 and CO2 concentrations and various temperatures. Overall, the decreasing Φ2 with irradiance explained c. 12%, and the varying Γ*/Cc explained c. 25%, of the Kok effect. Maximum real light inhibition of Rd was much lower than the inhibition derived from the Kok method, but still increased with photorespiration. Photorespiration had a dual contribution to the Kok effect, one via the varying Γ*/Cc and the other via its participation in light inhibition of Rd .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 430Wageningen6700 AKthe Netherlands
| | - Yuxi Niu
- Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 430Wageningen6700 AKthe Netherlands
| | - Peter E. L. van der Putten
- Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 430Wageningen6700 AKthe Netherlands
| | - Paul C. Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems AnalysisDepartment of Plant SciencesWageningen University & ResearchPO Box 430Wageningen6700 AKthe Netherlands
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22
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Dusenge ME, Madhavji S, Way DA. Contrasting acclimation responses to elevated CO 2 and warming between an evergreen and a deciduous boreal conifer. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:3639-3657. [PMID: 32181545 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) concentrations may warm northern latitudes up to 8°C by the end of the century. Boreal forests play a large role in the global carbon cycle, and the responses of northern trees to climate change will thus impact the trajectory of future CO2 increases. We grew two North American boreal tree species at a range of future climate conditions to assess how growth and carbon fluxes were altered by high CO2 and warming. Black spruce (Picea mariana, an evergreen conifer) and tamarack (Larix laricina, a deciduous conifer) were grown under ambient (407 ppm) or elevated CO2 (750 ppm) and either ambient temperatures, a 4°C warming, or an 8°C warming. In both species, the thermal optimum of net photosynthesis (ToptA ) increased and maximum photosynthetic rates declined in warm-grown seedlings, but the strength of these changes varied between species. Photosynthetic capacity (maximum rates of Rubisco carboxylation, Vcmax , and of electron transport, Jmax ) was reduced in warm-grown seedlings, correlating with reductions in leaf N and chlorophyll concentrations. Warming increased the activation energy for Vcmax and Jmax (EaV and EaJ , respectively) and the thermal optimum for Jmax . In both species, the ToptA was positively correlated with both EaV and EaJ , but negatively correlated with the ratio of Jmax /Vcmax . Respiration acclimated to elevated temperatures, but there were no treatment effects on the Q10 of respiration (the increase in respiration for a 10°C increase in leaf temperature). A warming of 4°C increased biomass in tamarack, while warming reduced biomass in spruce. We show that climate change is likely to negatively affect photosynthesis and growth in black spruce more than in tamarack, and that parameters used to model photosynthesis in dynamic global vegetation models (EaV and EaJ ) show no response to elevated CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirindi E Dusenge
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sasha Madhavji
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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23
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Ye ZP, Liu YG, Kang HJ, Duan HL, Chen XM, Zhou SX. Comparing two measures of leaf photorespiration rate across a wide range of light intensities. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 240:153002. [PMID: 31254740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Suppression of photorespiration by low O2 concentrations (Method 1) and simultaneous measurements of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence (Method 2) are often used to estimate leaf photorespiration rate (Rp) of C3 plants. However, it is largely unknown whether Method 1 and Method 2 can be used equivalently in estimating Rp. Using a field experiment on two wheat cultivars (T. aestivum JM22 and T. aestivum Z39-118) whose leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence at low and normal O2 concentrations (2% versus 21% O2) were simultaneously measured across a wide range of light intensities (I), this study assessed the impacts of the two measures on Rp and its response under changing irradiance conditions. All the above quantities increased with the increasing I until reaching the cultivar-specific maximum values and the corresponding saturation light intensities. However, there were significant differences between Rp estimated by Method 1 and Method 2 at the I range from 150 to 2000 μmol m-2 s-1 for T. aestivum JM22 and from 150 to 1000 μmol m-2 s-1 for T. aestivum Z39-118. These findings demonstrated that the two methods cannot be used equivalently under changing irradiance conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Piao Ye
- Maths and Physics College, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yu-Guo Liu
- Institute of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Hua-Jing Kang
- Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Lang Duan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology, Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Xian-Mao Chen
- Soil Fertilizer and Environmental Resources Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Shuang-Xi Zhou
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Hawke's Bay 4130, New Zealand.
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24
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Way DA, Aspinwall MJ, Drake JE, Crous KY, Campany CE, Ghannoum O, Tissue DT, Tjoelker MG. Responses of respiration in the light to warming in field-grown trees: a comparison of the thermal sensitivity of the Kok and Laisk methods. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:132-143. [PMID: 30372524 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Kok and Laisk techniques can both be used to estimate light respiration Rlight . We investigated whether responses of Rlight to short- and long-term changes in leaf temperature depend on the technique used to estimate Rlight . We grew Eucalyptus tereticornis in whole-tree chambers under ambient temperature (AT) or AT + 3°C (elevated temperature, ET). We assessed dark respiration Rdark and light respiration with the Kok (RKok ) and Laisk (RLaisk ) methods at four temperatures to determine the degree of light suppression of respiration using both methods in AT and ET trees. The ET treatment had little impact on Rdark , RKok or RLaisk . Although the thermal sensitivities of RKok or RLaisk were similar, RKok was higher than RLaisk . We found negative values of RLaisk at the lowest measurement temperatures, indicating positive net CO2 uptake, which we propose may be related to phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity. Light suppression of Rdark decreased with increasing leaf temperature, but the degree of suppression depended on the method used. The Kok and Laisk methods do not generate the same estimates of Rlight or light suppression of Rdark between 20 and 35°C. Negative rates of RLaisk imply that this method may become less reliable at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Nicholas School for the Environment, Duke University, 9 Circuit Drive, Box 90328, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Michael J Aspinwall
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, 1 UNF Drive, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - John E Drake
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Forest and Natural Resources Management, SUNY-ESF, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Courtney E Campany
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Biology, Colgate University, 13 Oak Drive, Hamilton, NY, 13346, USA
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute of the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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25
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Keenan TF, Migliavacca M, Papale D, Baldocchi D, Reichstein M, Torn M, Wutzler T. Widespread inhibition of daytime ecosystem respiration. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:407-415. [PMID: 30742107 PMCID: PMC6421340 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-0809-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The global land surface absorbs about a third of anthropogenic emissions each year, due to the difference between two key processes: ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration. Despite the importance of these two processes, it is not possible to measure either at the ecosystem scale during the daytime. Eddy-covariance measurements are widely used as the closest 'quasi-direct' ecosystem-scale observation from which to estimate ecosystem photosynthesis and respiration. Recent research, however, suggests that current estimates may be biased by up to 25%, due to a previously unaccounted for process: the inhibition of leaf respiration in the light. Yet the extent of inhibition remains debated, and implications for estimates of ecosystem-scale respiration and photosynthesis remain unquantified. Here, we quantify an apparent inhibition of daytime ecosystem respiration across the global FLUXNET eddy-covariance network and identify a pervasive influence that varies by season and ecosystem type. We develop partitioning methods that can detect an apparent ecosystem-scale inhibition of daytime respiration and find that diurnal patterns of ecosystem respiration might be markedly different than previously thought. The results call for the re-evaluation of global terrestrial carbon cycle models and also suggest that current global estimates of photosynthesis and respiration may be biased, some on the order of magnitude of anthropogenic fossil fuel emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor F Keenan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | | | - Dario Papale
- University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Centre on Climate Change, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | | | - Margaret Torn
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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26
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Gong XY, Tcherkez G, Wenig J, Schäufele R, Schnyder H. Determination of leaf respiration in the light: comparison between an isotopic disequilibrium method and the Laisk method. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 218:1371-1382. [PMID: 29611899 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of leaf respiration is important for understanding plant physiology and ecosystem biogeochemical processes. Leaf respiration continues in the light (RL ) but supposedly at a lower rate than in the dark (RDk ). However, there is no method for direct measurement of RL and the available methods require nonphysiological measurement conditions. A method based on isotopic disequilibrium quantified RL (RL13C ) and mesophyll conductance of young and old fully expanded leaves of six species. RL13C was compared to RL determined by the Laisk method (RL Laisk ) on the very same leaves with a minimum time lag. RL 13C and RL Laisk were generally lower than RDk , and were not significantly affected by leaf ageing. RL Laisk and RL 13C were positively correlated (r2 = 0.35), and both were positively correlated with RDk (r2 ≥ 0.6). RL Laisk was systematically lower than RL 13C by 0.4 μmol m-2 s-1 . Using A/Cc instead of A/Ci curves, a higher photocompensation point Γ* (by 5 μmol mol-1 ) was found but no influence on RL Laisk estimates was observed. The results imply that the Laisk method underestimates actual RL significantly, probably related to the measurement condition of low CO2 and irradiance. The isotopic disequilibrium method is useful for assessing responses of RL to irradiance and CO2 , improving our mechanistic understanding of RL .
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ying Gong
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Johannes Wenig
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Rudi Schäufele
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Hans Schnyder
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, 85354, Freising, Germany
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27
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Buckley TN, Vice H, Adams MA. The Kok effect in Vicia faba cannot be explained solely by changes in chloroplastic CO 2 concentration. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 216:1064-1071. [PMID: 28857173 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Kok effect - an abrupt decline in quantum yield (QY) of net CO2 assimilation at low photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) - is widely used to estimate respiration in the light (R), which assumes the effect is caused by light suppression of R. A recent report suggested much of the Kok effect can be explained by declining chloroplastic CO2 concentration (cc ) at low PPFD. Several predictions arise from the hypothesis that the Kok effect is caused by declining cc , and we tested these predictions in Vicia faba. We measured CO2 exchange at low PPFD, in 2% and 21% oxygen, in developing and mature leaves, which differed greatly in R in darkness. Our results contradicted each of the predictions based on the cc effect: QY exceeded the theoretical maximum value for photosynthetic CO2 uptake; QY was larger in 21% than 2% oxygen; and the change in QY at the Kok effect breakpoint was unaffected by oxygen. Our results strongly suggest the Kok effect arises largely from a progressive decline in R with PPFD that includes both oxygen-sensitive and -insensitive components. We suggest an improved Kok method that accounts for high cc at low PPFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Buckley
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, University of Sydney, Narrabri, NSW, 2390, Australia
| | - Heather Vice
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Mark A Adams
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Vic, 3122, Australia
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28
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Huntingford C, Atkin OK, Martinez-de la Torre A, Mercado LM, Heskel MA, Harper AB, Bloomfield KJ, O'Sullivan OS, Reich PB, Wythers KR, Butler EE, Chen M, Griffin KL, Meir P, Tjoelker MG, Turnbull MH, Sitch S, Wiltshire A, Malhi Y. Implications of improved representations of plant respiration in a changing climate. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1602. [PMID: 29150610 PMCID: PMC5693865 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Land-atmosphere exchanges influence atmospheric CO2. Emphasis has been on describing photosynthetic CO2 uptake, but less on respiration losses. New global datasets describe upper canopy dark respiration (R d) and temperature dependencies. This allows characterisation of baseline R d, instantaneous temperature responses and longer-term thermal acclimation effects. Here we show the global implications of these parameterisations with a global gridded land model. This model aggregates R d to whole-plant respiration R p, driven with meteorological forcings spanning uncertainty across climate change models. For pre-industrial estimates, new baseline R d increases R p and especially in the tropics. Compared to new baseline, revised instantaneous response decreases R p for mid-latitudes, while acclimation lowers this for the tropics with increases elsewhere. Under global warming, new R d estimates amplify modelled respiration increases, although partially lowered by acclimation. Future measurements will refine how R d aggregates to whole-plant respiration. Our analysis suggests R p could be around 30% higher than existing estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Huntingford
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK.
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | - Lina M Mercado
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Amory Building, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Mary A Heskel
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, 7 MBL Street, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Anna B Harper
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Laver Building, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Keith J Bloomfield
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Odhran S O'Sullivan
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA.,Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Kirk R Wythers
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ethan E Butler
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1530 Cleveland Avenue North, St Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Kevin L Griffin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964-8000, USA
| | - Patrick Meir
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Matthew H Turnbull
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Amory Building, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | | | - Yadvinder Malhi
- School of Geography and the Environment, Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
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29
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Maréchaux I, Chave J. An individual-based forest model to jointly simulate carbon and tree diversity in Amazonia: description and applications. ECOL MONOGR 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Maréchaux
- CNRS; Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier; ENFA; UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique); 118 route de Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse France
- AgroParisTech-ENGREF; 19 avenue du Maine F-75015 Paris France
| | - Jérôme Chave
- CNRS; Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier; ENFA; UMR5174 EDB (Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique); 118 route de Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse France
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30
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Barros JAS, Cavalcanti JHF, Medeiros DB, Nunes-Nesi A, Avin-Wittenberg T, Fernie AR, Araújo WL. Autophagy Deficiency Compromises Alternative Pathways of Respiration following Energy Deprivation in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:62-76. [PMID: 28710132 PMCID: PMC5580740 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Under heterotrophic conditions, carbohydrate oxidation inside the mitochondrion is the primary energy source for cellular metabolism. However, during energy-limited conditions, alternative substrates are required to support respiration. Amino acid oxidation in plant cells plays a key role in this by generating electrons that can be transferred to the mitochondrial electron transport chain via the electron transfer flavoprotein/ubiquinone oxidoreductase system. Autophagy, a catabolic mechanism for macromolecule and protein recycling, allows the maintenance of amino acid pools and nutrient remobilization. Although the association between autophagy and alternative respiratory substrates has been suggested, the extent to which autophagy and primary metabolism interact to support plant respiration remains unclear. To investigate the metabolic importance of autophagy during development and under extended darkness, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants with disruption of autophagy (atg mutants) were used. Under normal growth conditions, atg mutants showed lower growth and seed production with no impact on photosynthesis. Following extended darkness, atg mutants were characterized by signatures of early senescence, including decreased chlorophyll content and maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II coupled with increases in dark respiration. Transcript levels of genes involved in alternative pathways of respiration and amino acid catabolism were up-regulated in atg mutants. The metabolite profiles of dark-treated leaves revealed an extensive metabolic reprogramming in which increases in amino acid levels were partially compromised in atg mutants. Although an enhanced respiration in atg mutants was observed during extended darkness, autophagy deficiency compromises protein degradation and the generation of amino acids used as alternative substrates to the respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A S Barros
- Max Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Henrique F Cavalcanti
- Max Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - David B Medeiros
- Max Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Max Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tamar Avin-Wittenberg
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- Max Planck Partner Group at the Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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31
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Crous KY, Wallin G, Atkin OK, Uddling J, Af Ekenstam A. Acclimation of light and dark respiration to experimental and seasonal warming are mediated by changes in leaf nitrogen in Eucalyptus globulus. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:1069-1083. [PMID: 28541536 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the adjustments of leaf respiration in response to seasonal temperature variation and climate warming is crucial because carbon loss from vegetation is a large but uncertain part of the global carbon cycle. We grew fast-growing Eucalyptus globulus Labill. trees exposed to +3 °C warming and elevated CO2 in 10-m tall whole-tree chambers and measured the temperature responses of leaf mitochondrial respiration, both in light (RLight) and in darkness (RDark), over a 20-40 °C temperature range and during two different seasons. RLight was assessed using the Laisk method. Respiration rates measured at a standard temperature (25 °C - R25) were higher in warm-grown trees and in the warm season, related to higher total leaf nitrogen (N) investment with higher temperatures (both experimental and seasonal), indicating that leaf N concentrations modulated the respiratory capacity to changes in temperature. Once differences in leaf N were accounted for, there were no differences in R25 but the Q10 (i.e., short-term temperature sensitivity) was higher in late summer compared with early spring. The variation in RLight between experimental treatments and seasons was positively correlated with carboxylation capacity and photorespiration. RLight was less responsive to short-term changes in temperature than RDark, as shown by a lower Q10 in RLight compared with RDark. The overall light inhibition of R was ∼40%. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of leaf respiration to temperature variation and that the responses of RLight do not simply mirror those of RDark. Therefore, it is important not to assume that RLight is the same as RDark in ecosystem models, as doing so may lead to large errors in predicting plant CO2 release and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Y Crous
- Hawkesbury Institute for Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - G Wallin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - O K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - J Uddling
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Af Ekenstam
- Hawkesbury Institute for Environment, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 461, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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32
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Scafaro AP, Xiang S, Long BM, Bahar NHA, Weerasinghe LK, Creek D, Evans JR, Reich PB, Atkin OK. Strong thermal acclimation of photosynthesis in tropical and temperate wet-forest tree species: the importance of altered Rubisco content. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:2783-2800. [PMID: 27859952 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the extent of acclimation of light-saturated net photosynthesis (An ) to temperature (T), and associated underlying mechanisms, remains limited. This is a key knowledge gap given the importance of thermal acclimation for plant functioning, both under current and future higher temperatures, limiting the accuracy and realism of Earth system model (ESM) predictions. Given this, we analysed and modelled T-dependent changes in photosynthetic capacity in 10 wet-forest tree species: six from temperate forests and four from tropical forests. Temperate and tropical species were each acclimated to three daytime growth temperatures (Tgrowth ): temperate - 15, 20 and 25 °C; tropical - 25, 30 and 35 °C. CO2 response curves of An were used to model maximal rates of RuBP (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate) carboxylation (Vcmax ) and electron transport (Jmax ) at each treatment's respective Tgrowth and at a common measurement T (25 °C). SDS-PAGE gels were used to determine abundance of the CO2 -fixing enzyme, Rubisco. Leaf chlorophyll, nitrogen (N) and mass per unit leaf area (LMA) were also determined. For all species and Tgrowth , An at current atmospheric CO2 partial pressure was Rubisco-limited. Across all species, LMA decreased with increasing Tgrowth . Similarly, area-based rates of Vcmax at a measurement T of 25 °C (Vcmax25 ) linearly declined with increasing Tgrowth , linked to a concomitant decline in total leaf protein per unit leaf area and Rubisco as a percentage of leaf N. The decline in Rubisco constrained Vcmax and An for leaves developed at higher Tgrowth and resulted in poor predictions of photosynthesis by currently widely used models that do not account for Tgrowth -mediated changes in Rubisco abundance that underpin the thermal acclimation response of photosynthesis in wet-forest tree species. A new model is proposed that accounts for the effect of Tgrowth -mediated declines in Vcmax25 on An , complementing current photosynthetic thermal acclimation models that do not account for T sensitivity of Vcmax25 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Scafaro
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Shuang Xiang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 9, Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Benedict M Long
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Nur H A Bahar
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | | | - Danielle Creek
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 46, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Translational Photosynthesis, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Peter B Reich
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, 1540 Cleveland Avenue North, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Genome-wide survey of switchgrass NACs family provides new insights into motif and structure arrangements and reveals stress-related and tissue-specific NACs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3056. [PMID: 28596552 PMCID: PMC5465074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NAC proteins comprise of a plant-specific transcription factor (TF) family and play important roles in plant development and stress responses. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) is the prime candidate and model bioenergy grass across the world. Excavating agronomically valuable genes is important for switchgrass molecular breeding. In this study, a total of 251 switchgrass NAC (PvNACs) family genes clustered into 19 subgroups were analyzed, and those potentially involved in stress response or tissue-specific expression patterns were pinpointed. Specifically, 27 PvNACs were considered as abiotic stress-related including four membrane-associated ones. Among 40 tissue-specific PvNACs expression patterns eight factors were identified that might be relevant for lignin biosynthesis and/or secondary cell wall formation. Conserved functional domains and motifs were also identified among the PvNACs and potential association between these motifs and their predicted functions were proposed, that might encourage experimental studies to use PvNACs as possible targets to improve biomass production and abiotic stress tolerance.
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Rasmusson LM, Lauritano C, Procaccini G, Gullström M, Buapet P, Björk M. Respiratory oxygen consumption in the seagrass Zostera marina varies on a diel basis and is partly affected by light. MARINE BIOLOGY 2017; 164:140. [PMID: 28596620 PMCID: PMC5446554 DOI: 10.1007/s00227-017-3168-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The seagrass Zostera marina is an important marine ecosystem engineer, greatly influencing oxygen and carbon fluctuations in temperate coastal areas. Although photosynthetically driven gas fluxes are well studied, the impact of the plant's mitochondrial respiration on overall CO2 and O2 fluxes in marine vegetated areas is not yet understood. Likewise, the gene expression in relation to the respiratory pathway has not been well analyzed in seagrasses. This study uses a combined approach, studying respiratory oxygen consumption rates in darkness simultaneously with changes in gene expression, with the aim of examining how respiratory oxygen consumption fluctuates on a diel basis. Measurements were first made in a field study where samples were taken directly from the ocean to the laboratory for estimations of respiratory rates. This was followed by a laboratory study where measurements of respiration and expression of genes known to be involved in mitochondrial respiration were conducted for 5 days under light conditions mimicking natural summer light (i.e., 15 h of light and 9 h of darkness), followed by 3 days of constant darkness to detect the presence of a potential circadian clock. In the field study, there was a clear diel variation in respiratory oxygen consumption with the highest rates in the late evening and at night (0.766 and 0.869 µmol O2 m-2 s-1, respectively). These repetitive diel patterns were not seen in the laboratory, where water conditions (temperature, pH, and oxygen) showed minor fluctuations and only light varied. The gene expression analysis did not give clear evidence on drivers behind the respiratory fluxes; however, expression levels of the selected genes generally increased when the seagrass was kept in constant darkness. While light may influence mitochondrial respiratory fluxes, it appears that other environmental factors (e.g., temperature, pH, or oxygen) could be of significance too. As seagrasses substantially alter the proportions of both oxygen and inorganic carbon in the water column and respiration is a great driver of these alterations, we propose that acknowledging the presence of respiratory fluctuations in nature should be considered when estimating coastal carbon budgets. As dark respiration in field at midnight was approximately doubled from that of midday, great over-, or underestimations of the respiratory carbon dioxide release from seagrasses could be made if values are just obtained at one specific time point and considered constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina M. Rasmusson
- Seagrass Ecology and Physiology Research Group, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Procaccini
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Naples, Italy
| | - Martin Gullström
- Seagrass Ecology and Physiology Research Group, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pimchanok Buapet
- Seagrass Ecology and Physiology Research Group, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112 Thailand
| | - Mats Björk
- Seagrass Ecology and Physiology Research Group, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Yang Y, Wang Z, Li J, Gang C, Zhang Y, Odeh I, Qi J. Assessing the spatiotemporal dynamic of global grassland carbon use efficiency in response to climate change from 2000 to 2013. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Farquhar GD, Busch FA. Changes in the chloroplastic CO 2 concentration explain much of the observed Kok effect: a model. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:570-584. [PMID: 28318033 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration often appears to be inhibited in the light when compared with measurements in the dark. This inhibition is inferred from the response of the net CO2 assimilation rate (A) to absorbed irradiance (I), changing slope around the light compensation point (Ic ). We suggest a model that provides a plausible mechanistic explanation of this 'Kok effect'. The model uses the mathematical description of photosynthesis developed by Farquhar, von Caemmerer and Berry; it involves no inhibition of respiration rate in the light. We also describe a fitting technique for quantifying the Kok effect at low I. Changes in the chloroplastic CO2 partial pressure (Cc ) can explain curvature of A vs I, its diminution in C4 plants and at low oxygen concentrations or high carbon dioxide concentrations in C3 plants, and effects of dark respiration rate and of temperature. It also explains the apparent inhibition of respiration in the light as inferred by the Laisk approach. While there are probably other sources of curvature in A vs I, variation in Cc can largely explain the curvature at low irradiance, and suggests that interpretation of day respiration compared with dark respiration of leaves on the basis of the Kok effect needs reassessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham D Farquhar
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Florian A Busch
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
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37
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Gong XY, Schäufele R, Lehmeier CA, Tcherkez G, Schnyder H. Atmospheric CO 2 mole fraction affects stand-scale carbon use efficiency of sunflower by stimulating respiration in light. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:401-412. [PMID: 28024100 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant carbon-use-efficiency (CUE), a key parameter in carbon cycle and plant growth models, quantifies the fraction of fixed carbon that is converted into net primary production rather than respired. CUE has not been directly measured, partly because of the difficulty of measuring respiration in light. Here, we explore if CUE is affected by atmospheric CO2 . Sunflower stands were grown at low (200 μmol mol-1 ) or high CO2 (1000 μmol mol-1 ) in controlled environment mesocosms. CUE of stands was measured by dynamic stand-scale 13 C labelling and partitioning of photosynthesis and respiration. At the same plant age, growth at high CO2 (compared with low CO2 ) led to 91% higher rates of apparent photosynthesis, 97% higher respiration in the dark, yet 143% higher respiration in light. Thus, CUE was significantly lower at high (0.65) than at low CO2 (0.71). Compartmental analysis of isotopic tracer kinetics demonstrated a greater commitment of carbon reserves in stand-scale respiratory metabolism at high CO2 . Two main processes contributed to the reduction of CUE at high CO2 : a reduced inhibition of leaf respiration by light and a diminished leaf mass ratio. This work highlights the relevance of measuring respiration in light and assessment of the CUE response to environment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ying Gong
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Rudi Schäufele
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, 0200, Australia
| | - Hans Schnyder
- Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre, Technische Universität München, Alte Akademie 12, 85354, Freising, Germany
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38
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Depth-specific fluctuations of gene expression and protein abundance modulate the photophysiology in the seagrass Posidonia oceanica. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42890. [PMID: 28211527 PMCID: PMC5314359 DOI: 10.1038/srep42890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present the results of a multiple organizational level analysis conceived to identify acclimative/adaptive strategies exhibited by the seagrass Posidonia oceanica to the daily fluctuations in the light environment, at contrasting depths. We assessed changes in photophysiological parameters, leaf respiration, pigments, and protein and mRNA expression levels. The results show that the diel oscillations of P. oceanica photophysiological and respiratory responses were related to transcripts and proteins expression of the genes involved in those processes and that there was a response asynchrony between shallow and deep plants probably caused by the strong differences in the light environment. The photochemical pathway of energy use was more effective in shallow plants due to higher light availability, but these plants needed more investment in photoprotection and photorepair, requiring higher translation and protein synthesis than deep plants. The genetic differentiation between deep and shallow stands suggests the existence of locally adapted genotypes to contrasting light environments. The depth-specific diel rhythms of photosynthetic and respiratory processes, from molecular to physiological levels, must be considered in the management and conservation of these key coastal ecosystems.
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Dattolo E, Marín-Guirao L, Ruiz JM, Procaccini G. Long-term acclimation to reciprocal light conditions suggests depth-related selection in the marine foundation species Posidonia oceanica. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:1148-1164. [PMID: 28303185 PMCID: PMC5306012 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic differences among populations of the same species reflect selective responses to ecological gradients produced by variations in abiotic and biotic factors. Moreover, they can also originate from genetic differences among populations, due to a reduced gene flow. In this study, we examined the extent of differences in photo‐acclimative traits of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile clones collected above and below the summer thermocline (i.e., −5 and −25 m) in a continuous population extending along the water depth gradient. During a reciprocal light exposure and subsequent recovery in mesocosms, we assessed degree of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation of plants collected at different depths, by measuring changes in several traits, such as gene expression of target genes, photo‐physiological features, and other fitness‐related traits (i.e., plant morphology, growth, and mortality rates). Samples were also genotyped, using microsatellite markers, in order to evaluate the genetic divergence among plants of the two depths. Measures collected during the study have shown a various degree of phenotypic changes among traits and experimental groups, the amount of phenotypic changes observed was also dependent on the type of light environments considered. Overall plants collected at different depths seem to be able to acclimate to reciprocal light conditions in the experimental time frame, through morphological changes and phenotypic buffering, supported by the plastic regulation of a reduced number of genes. Multivariate analyses indicated that plants cluster better on the base of their depth origin rather than the experimental light conditions applied. The two groups were genetically distinct, but the patterns of phenotypic divergence observed during the experiment support the hypothesis that ecological selection can play a role in the adaptive divergence of P. oceanica clones along the depth gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan M Ruiz
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) San Pedro del Pinatar Murcia Spain
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40
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Atkin OK, Bahar NHA, Bloomfield KJ, Griffin KL, Heskel MA, Huntingford C, de la Torre AM, Turnbull MH. Leaf Respiration in Terrestrial Biosphere Models. ADVANCES IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68703-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Dahal K, Martyn GD, Alber NA, Vanlerberghe GC. Coordinated regulation of photosynthetic and respiratory components is necessary to maintain chloroplast energy balance in varied growth conditions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:657-671. [PMID: 28011719 PMCID: PMC5441918 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria have a non-energy-conserving alternative oxidase (AOX) proposed to support photosynthesis, perhaps by promoting energy balance under varying growth conditions. To investigate this, wild-type (WT) Nicotiana tabacum were compared with AOX knockdown and overexpression lines. In addition, the amount of AOX protein in WT plants was compared with that of chloroplast light-harvesting complex II (LHCB2), whose amount is known to respond to chloroplast energy status. With increased growth irradiance, WT leaves maintained higher rates of respiration in the light (RL), but no differences in RL or photosynthesis were seen between the WT and transgenic lines, suggesting that, under non-stress conditions, AOX was not critical for leaf metabolism, regardless of growth irradiance. However, under drought, the AOX amount became an important determinant of RL, which in turn was an important determinant of chloroplast energy balance (measured as photosystem II excitation pressure, EP), and photosynthetic performance. In the WT, the AOX amount increased and the LHCB2 amount decreased with increased growth irradiance or drought severity. These changes in protein amounts correlated strongly, in opposing ways, with growth EP. This suggests that a signal deriving from the photosynthetic electron transport chain status coordinately controls the amounts of AOX and LHCB2, which then both contribute to maintaining chloroplast energy balance, particularly under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshav Dahal
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto,
ON, Canada
| | - Greg D Martyn
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto,
ON, Canada
| | - Nicole A Alber
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto,
ON, Canada
| | - Greg C Vanlerberghe
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto,
ON, Canada
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42
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Kroner Y, Way DA. Carbon fluxes acclimate more strongly to elevated growth temperatures than to elevated CO2 concentrations in a northern conifer. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:2913-28. [PMID: 26728638 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Increasing temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations will affect tree carbon fluxes, generating potential feedbacks between forests and the global climate system. We studied how elevated temperatures and CO2 impacted leaf carbon dynamics in Norway spruce (Picea abies), a dominant northern forest species, to improve predictions of future photosynthetic and respiratory fluxes from high-latitude conifers. Seedlings were grown under ambient (AC, c. 435 μmol mol(-1) ) or elevated (EC, 750 μmol mol(-1) ) CO2 concentrations at ambient, +4 °C, or +8 °C growing temperatures. Photosynthetic rates (Asat ) were high in +4 °C/EC seedlings and lowest in +8 °C spruce, implying that moderate, but not extreme, climate change may stimulate carbon uptake. Asat , dark respiration (Rdark ), and light respiration (Rlight ) rates acclimated to temperature, but not CO2 : the thermal optimum of Asat increased, and Rdark and Rlight were suppressed under warming. In all treatments, the Q10 of Rlight (the relative increase in respiration for a 10 °C increase in leaf temperature) was 35% higher than the Q10 of Rdark , so the ratio of Rlight to Rdark increased with rising leaf temperature. However, across all treatments and a range of 10-40 °C leaf temperatures, a consistent relationship between Rlight and Rdark was found, which could be used to model Rlight in future climates. Acclimation reduced daily modeled respiratory losses from warm-grown seedlings by 22-56%. When Rlight was modeled as a constant fraction of Rdark , modeled daily respiratory losses were 11-65% greater than when using measured values of Rlight . Our findings highlight the impact of acclimation to future climates on predictions of carbon uptake and losses in northern trees, in particular the need to model daytime respiratory losses from direct measurements of Rlight or appropriate relationships with Rdark .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Kroner
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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43
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Hanson DT, Stutz SS, Boyer JS. Why small fluxes matter: the case and approaches for improving measurements of photosynthesis and (photo)respiration. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:3027-39. [PMID: 27099373 PMCID: PMC4867897 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Since its inception, the Farquhar et al. (1980) model of photosynthesis has been a mainstay for relating biochemistry to environmental conditions from chloroplast to global levels in terrestrial plants. Many variables could be assigned from basic enzyme kinetics, but the model also required measurements of maximum rates of photosynthetic electron transport (J max ), carbon assimilation (Vcmax ), conductance of CO2 into (g s ) and through (g m ) the leaf, and the rate of respiration during the day (R d ). This review focuses on improving the accuracy of these measurements, especially fluxes from photorespiratory CO2, CO2 in the transpiration stream, and through the leaf epidermis and cuticle. These fluxes, though small, affect the accuracy of all methods of estimating mesophyll conductance and several other photosynthetic parameters because they all require knowledge of CO2 concentrations in the intercellular spaces. This review highlights modified methods that may help to reduce some of the uncertainties. The approaches are increasingly important when leaves are stressed or when fluxes are inferred at scales larger than the leaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Hanson
- Department of Biology, MSC03-2020, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Samantha S Stutz
- Department of Biology, MSC03-2020, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - John S Boyer
- Interdisciplinary Plant Group, 1-31 Agriculture Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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Way DA, Holly C, Bruhn D, Ball MC, Atkin OK. Diurnal and seasonal variation in light and dark respiration in field-grown Eucalyptus pauciflora. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 35:840-849. [PMID: 26253839 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpv065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Respiration from vegetation is a substantial part of the global carbon cycle and the responses of plant respiration to daily and seasonal fluctuations in temperature and light must be incorporated in models of terrestrial respiration to accurately predict these CO2 fluxes. We investigated how leaf respiration (R) responded to changes in leaf temperature (T(leaf)) and irradiance in field-grown saplings of an evergreen tree (Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng). Seasonal shifts in the thermal sensitivity of leaf R in the dark (R(dark)) and in the light (R(light)) were assessed by allowing T(leaf) to vary over the day in field-grown leaves over a year. The Q10 of R (i.e., the relative increase in R for a 10 °C increase in T(leaf)) was similar for R(light) and R(dark) and had a value of ∼ 2.5; there was little seasonal change in the Q10 of either R(light) or R(dark), indicating that we may be able to use similar functions to model short-term temperature responses of R in the dark and in the light. Overall, rates of R(light) were lower than those of R(dark), and the ratio of R(light)/R(dark) tended to increase with rising T(leaf), such that light suppression of R was reduced at high T(leaf) values, in contrast to earlier work with this species. Our results suggest we cannot assume that R(light)/R(dark) decreases with increasing T(leaf) on daily timescales, and highlights the need for a better mechanistic understanding of what regulates light suppression of R in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7 Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Chris Holly
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Dan Bruhn
- Department of Environment, Earth and Ecosystems, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Marilyn C Ball
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Building 134, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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46
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Way DA, Oren R, Kroner Y. The space-time continuum: the effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on trees and the importance of scaling. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:991-1007. [PMID: 25737035 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
To predict how forests will respond to rising temperatures and atmospheric CO₂ concentrations, we need to understand how trees respond to both of these environmental factors. In this review, we discuss the importance of scaling, moving from leaf-level responses to those of the canopy, and from short-term to long-term responses of vegetation to climate change. While our knowledge of leaf-level, instantaneous responses of photosynthesis, respiration, stomatal conductance, transpiration and water-use efficiency to elevated CO₂ and temperature is quite good, our ability to scale these responses up to larger spatial and temporal scales is less developed. We highlight which physiological processes are least understood at various levels of study, and discuss how ignoring differences in the spatial or temporal scale of a physiological process impedes our ability to predict how forest carbon and water fluxes forests will be altered in the future. We also synthesize data from the literature to show that light respiration follows a generalized temperature response across studies, and that the light compensation point of photosynthesis is reduced by elevated growth CO₂. Lastly, we emphasize the need to move beyond single factorial experiments whenever possible, and to combine both CO₂ and temperature treatments in studies of tree performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Way
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada; Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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Weise SE, Carr DJ, Bourke AM, Hanson DT, Swarthout D, Sharkey TD. The arc mutants of Arabidopsis with fewer large chloroplasts have a lower mesophyll conductance. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2015; 124:117-26. [PMID: 25733184 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-015-0110-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthetic cells of most land plant lineages have numerous small chloroplasts even though most algae, and even the early diverging land plant group the hornworts, tend to have one or a few large chloroplasts. One constraint that small chloroplasts could improve is the resistance to CO2 diffusion from the atmosphere to the chloroplast stroma. We examined the mesophyll conductance (inverse of the diffusion resistance) of mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants with one or only a few large chloroplasts per cell. The accumulation and replication of chloroplasts (arc) mutants of A. thaliana were studied by model fitting to gas exchange data and (13)CO2 discrimination during carbon fixation. The two methods generally agreed, but the value of the CO2 compensation point of Rubisco (Γ *) used in the model had a large impact on the estimated photosynthetic parameters, including mesophyll conductance. We found that having only a few large chloroplasts per cell resulted in a 25-50 % reduction in the mesophyll conductance at ambient CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E Weise
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, 603 Wilson Road, Room 201, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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Gauthier PPG, Crous KY, Ayub G, Duan H, Weerasinghe LK, Ellsworth DS, Tjoelker MG, Evans JR, Tissue DT, Atkin OK. Drought increases heat tolerance of leaf respiration in Eucalyptus globulus saplings grown under both ambient and elevated atmospheric [CO2] and temperature. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:6471-85. [PMID: 25205579 PMCID: PMC4246183 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is resulting in increasing atmospheric [CO2], rising growth temperature (T), and greater frequency/severity of drought, with each factor having the potential to alter the respiratory metabolism of leaves. Here, the effects of elevated atmospheric [CO2], sustained warming, and drought on leaf dark respiration (R(dark)), and the short-term T response of R(dark) were examined in Eucalyptus globulus. Comparisons were made using seedlings grown under different [CO2], T, and drought treatments. Using high resolution T-response curves of R(dark) measured over the 15-65 °C range, it was found that elevated [CO2], elevated growth T, and drought had little effect on rates of R(dark) measured at T <35 °C and that there was no interactive effect of [CO2], growth T, and drought on T response of R(dark). However, drought increased R(dark) at high leaf T typical of heatwave events (35-45 °C), and increased the measuring T at which maximal rates of R(dark) occurred (Tmax) by 8 °C (from 52 °C in well-watered plants to 60 °C in drought-treated plants). Leaf starch and soluble sugars decreased under drought and elevated growth T, respectively, but no effect was found under elevated [CO2]. Elevated [CO2] increased the Q 10 of R(dark) (i.e. proportional rise in R(dark) per 10 °C) over the 15-35 °C range, while drought increased Q 10 values between 35 °C and 45 °C. Collectively, the study highlights the dynamic nature of the T dependence of R dark in plants experiencing future climate change scenarios, particularly with respect to drought and elevated [CO2].
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul P G Gauthier
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Kristine Y Crous
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Gohar Ayub
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia Department of Horticulture, Agricultural University Peshawar, 25130, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Honglang Duan
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia Institute of Ecology & Environmental Science, Nanchang Institute of Technology, No. 289 Tianxiang Road, Nanchang 330099, China
| | - Lasantha K Weerasinghe
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - David S Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Mark G Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - David T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury Campus, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Owen K Atkin
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Building 46, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
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Cano FJ, López R, Warren CR. Implications of the mesophyll conductance to CO2 for photosynthesis and water-use efficiency during long-term water stress and recovery in two contrasting Eucalyptus species. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2014; 37:2470-90. [PMID: 24635724 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Water stress (WS) slows growth and photosynthesis (A(n)), but most knowledge comes from short-time studies that do not account for longer term acclimation processes that are especially relevant in tree species. Using two Eucalyptus species that contrast in drought tolerance, we induced moderate and severe water deficits by withholding water until stomatal conductance (g(sw)) decreased to two pre-defined values for 24 d, WS was maintained at the target g(sw) for 29 d and then plants were re-watered. Additionally, we developed new equations to simulate the effect on mesophyll conductance (g(m)) of accounting for the resistance to refixation of CO(2). The diffusive limitations to CO(2), dominated by the stomata, were the most important constraints to A(n). Full recovery of A(n) was reached after re-watering, characterized by quick recovery of gm and even higher biochemical capacity, in contrast to the slower recovery of g(sw). The acclimation to long-term WS led to decreased mesophyll and biochemical limitations, in contrast to studies in which stress was imposed more rapidly. Finally, we provide evidence that higher gm under WS contributes to higher intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) and reduces the leaf oxidative stress, highlighting the importance of gm as a target for breeding/genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javier Cano
- Unidad Docente de Anatomía, Fisiología y Genética Forestal, E.T.S.I. Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Fivez L, Vicca S, Janssens IA, Meire P. Western Palaearctic breeding geese can alter carbon cycling in their winter habitat. Ecosphere 2014. [DOI: 10.1890/es14-00012.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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