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Jain R, Srivastava H, Kumar K, Sharma S, Singh A, Gaikwad K. Understanding the role of P-type ATPases in regulating pollen fertility and development in pigeonpea. Mol Genet Genomics 2024; 299:68. [PMID: 38980531 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-024-02155-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The P-type ATPase superfamily genes are the cation and phospholipid pumps that transport ions across the membranes by hydrolyzing ATP. They are involved in a diverse range of functions, including fundamental cellular events that occur during the growth of plants, especially in the reproductive organs. The present work has been undertaken to understand and characterize the P-type ATPases in the pigeonpea genome and their potential role in anther development and pollen fertility. A total of 59 P-type ATPases were predicted in the pigeonpea genome. The phylogenetic analysis classified the ATPases into five subfamilies: eleven P1B, eighteen P2A/B, fourteen P3A, fifteen P4, and one P5. Twenty-three pairs of P-type ATPases were tandemly duplicated, resulting in their expansion in the pigeonpea genome during evolution. The orthologs of the reported anther development-related genes were searched in the pigeonpea genome, and the expression profiling studies of specific genes via qRT-PCR in the pre- and post-meiotic anther stages of AKCMS11A (male sterile), AKCMS11B (maintainer) and AKPR303 (fertility restorer) lines of pigeonpea was done. Compared to the restorer and maintainer lines, the down-regulation of CcP-typeATPase22 in the post-meiotic anthers of the male sterile line might have played a role in pollen sterility. Furthermore, the strong expression of CcP-typeATPase2 in the post-meiotic anthers of restorer line and CcP-typeATPase46, CcP-typeATPase51, and CcP-typeATPase52 in the maintainer lines, respectively, compared to the male sterile line, clearly indicates their potential role in developing male reproductive organs in pigeonpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishu Jain
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Harsha Srivastava
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208024, India
| | - Sandhya Sharma
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Anandita Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10 Institutional Area, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110070, India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Costa A, Resentini F, Buratti S, Bonza MC. Plant Ca 2+-ATPases: From biochemistry to signalling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119508. [PMID: 37290725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+)-ATPases are ATP-dependent enzymes that transport Ca2+ ions against their electrochemical gradient playing the fundamental biological function of keeping the free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in the submicromolar range to prevent cytotoxic effects. In plants, type IIB autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPases (ACAs) are localised both at the plasma membrane and at the endomembranes including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and tonoplast and their activity is primarily regulated by Ca2+-dependent mechanisms. Instead, type IIA ER-type Ca2+-ATPases (ECAs) are present mainly at the ER and Golgi Apparatus membranes and are active at resting Ca2+. Whereas research in plants has historically focused on the biochemical characterization of these pumps, more recently the attention has been also addressed on the physiological roles played by the different isoforms. This review aims to highlight the main biochemical properties of both type IIB and type IIA Ca2+ pumps and their involvement in the shaping of cellular Ca2+ dynamics induced by different stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy; Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Francesca Resentini
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Buratti
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Maria Cristina Bonza
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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3
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Li Z, Harper JF, Weigand C, Hua J. Resting cytosol Ca2+ level maintained by Ca2+ pumps affects environmental responses in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:2534-2550. [PMID: 36715402 PMCID: PMC10069881 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ion transporting systems control cytosol Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]cyt) and generate transient calcium (Ca2+) signatures that are key to environmental responses. Here, we report an impact of resting [Ca2+]cyt on plants from the functional study of calmodulin-regulated Ca2+ pumps or Ca2+-ATPases in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The plasma membrane-localized pumps ACA8 (autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPase) and ACA10, as well as the vacuole-localized pumps ACA4 and ACA11, were critical in maintaining low resting [Ca2+]cyt and essential for plant survival under chilling and heat-stress conditions. Their loss-of-function mutants aca8 aca10 and aca4 aca11 had autoimmunity at normal temperatures, and this deregulated immune activation was enhanced by low temperature, leading to chilling lethality. Furthermore, these mutants showed an elevated resting [Ca2+]cyt, and a reduction of external Ca2+ lowered [Ca2+]cyt and repressed their autoimmunity and cold susceptibility. The aca8 aca10 and the aca4 aca11 mutants were also susceptible to heat, likely resulting from more closed stomata and higher leaf surface temperature than the wild type. These observations support a model in which the regulation of resting [Ca2+]cyt is critical to how plants regulate biotic and abiotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Li
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jeffrey F Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Chrystle Weigand
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Jian Hua
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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4
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Arif MAR, Tripodi P, Waheed MQ, Afzal I, Pistrick S, Schütze G, Börner A. Genetic Analyses of Seed Longevity in Capsicum annuum L. in Cold Storage Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1321. [PMID: 36987009 PMCID: PMC10057624 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Seed longevity is the most important trait in the genebank management system. No seed can remain infinitely viable. There are 1241 accessions of Capsicum annuum L. available at the German Federal ex situ genebank at IPK Gatersleben. C. annuum (Capsicum) is the most economically important species of the genus Capsicum. So far, there is no report that has addressed the genetic basis of seed longevity in Capsicum. Here, we convened a total of 1152 Capsicum accessions that were deposited in Gatersleben over forty years (from 1976 to 2017) and assessed their longevity by analyzing the standard germination percentage after 5-40 years of storage at -15/-18 °C. These data were used to determine the genetic causes of seed longevity, along with 23,462 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers covering all of the 12 Capsicum chromosomes. Using the association-mapping approach, we identified a total of 224 marker trait associations (MTAs) (34, 25, 31, 35, 39, 7, 21 and 32 MTAs after 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, 25-, 30-, 35- and 40-year storage intervals) on all the Capsicum chromosomes. Several candidate genes were identified using the blast analysis of SNPs, and these candidate genes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pasquale Tripodi
- Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy
| | | | - Irfan Afzal
- Seed Physiology Lab, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sibylle Pistrick
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Gudrun Schütze
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Andreas Börner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstr. 3, 06466 Seeland, Germany
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Yao Q, Li W, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Xiao X, Long D, Zeng J, Wu D, Sha L, Fan X, Kang H, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Wang Y. FeCl 3 and Fe 2(SO 4) 3 differentially reduce Cd uptake and accumulation in Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L.) seedlings by exporting Cd from roots and limiting Cd binding in the root cell walls. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120762. [PMID: 36471548 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wheat grown in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils easily accumulates more Cd in edible parts than the Chinese safety limit (0.1 mg/kg). FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3 have been used to extract Cd from Cd-contaminated soils. Thus, we hypothesized that FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3, used as iron (Fe) fertilizers, can reduce Cd uptake and accumulation in wheat. Here, a hydroponic experiment was performed with three FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3 concentrations under 80 μM CdCl2 stress on dwarf Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L., 2n = 4x = 28, AABB) seedlings. Compared with Fe deficiency, FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3 additions competitively reduced Cd concentrations. The reductions were not associated with changes in dry weight and root morphological parameters. FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3 additions reduced Cd concentrations in the following order from smallest to largest reduction: 25 μM Fe2(SO4)3 < 200 μM FeCl3 < 50 μM FeCl3 < 100 μM Fe2(SO4)3. Investigation of subcellular distributions showed that the four Fe fertilizers differentially reduced Cd binding in the root cell walls and enhanced root sucrose and trehalose. Cd chemical form analysis revealed that Fe fertilizer addition also differentially reduced root FE, FW, and FNaCl. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that addition of FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3 differentially up-regulated several genes that hydrolyze cell wall polysaccharides and metal transporter genes for Cd uptake (IRT1 and CAX19) and export (ZIP1, ABCG11, ABCG14, ABCG28, ABCG37, ABCG44, and ABCG48) reducing Cd uptake and accumulation. Our results demonstrated that FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3 can reduce Cd accumulation in wheat, and 50 μM FeCl3 is the most effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lina Sha
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Houyang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Mantilla G, Peréz-Gordones MC, Cisneros-Montufar S, Benaim G, Navarro JC, Mendoza M, Ramírez-Iglesias JR. Structural Analysis and Diversity of Calmodulin-Binding Domains in Membrane and Intracellular Ca2+-ATPases. J Membr Biol 2022; 256:159-174. [PMID: 36454258 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-022-00275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane and autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPases contribute to the Ca2+ homeostasis in a wide variety of organisms. The enzymatic activity of these pumps is stimulated by calmodulin, which interacts with the target protein through the calmodulin-binding domain (CaMBD). Most information about this region is related to all calmodulin modulated proteins, which indicates general chemical properties and there is no established relation between Ca2+ pump sequences and taxonomic classification. Thus, the aim of this study was to perform an in silico analysis of the CaMBD from several Ca2+-ATPases, in order to determine their diversity and to detect specific patterns and amino acid selection in different species. Patterns related to potential and confirmed CaMBD were detected using sequences retrieved from the literature. The occurrence of these patterns was determined across 120 sequences from 17 taxonomical classes, which were analyzed by a phylogenetic tree to establish phylogenetic groups. Predicted physicochemical characteristics including hydropathy and net charge were calculated for each group of sequences. 22 Ca2+-ATPases sequences from animals, unicellular eukaryotes, and plants were retrieved from bioinformatic databases. These sequences allow us to establish the Patterns 1(GQILWVRGLTRLQTQ), 3(KNPSLEALQRW), and 4(SRWRRLQAEHVKK), which are present at the beginning of putative CaMBD of metazoan, parasites, and land plants. A pattern 2 (IRVVNAFR) was consistently found at the end of most analyzed sequences. The amino acid preference in the CaMBDs changed depending on the phylogenetic groups, with predominance of several aliphatic and charged residues, to confer amphiphilic properties. The results here displayed show a conserved mechanism to contribute to the Ca2+ homeostasis across evolution and may help to detect putative CaMBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Génesis Mantilla
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity. Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, Ecuador
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, Ecuador
| | - María C Peréz-Gordones
- Instituto de Biología Experimental (IBE), Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Soledad Cisneros-Montufar
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity. Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, Ecuador
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Gustavo Benaim
- Instituto de Biología Experimental (IBE), Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
- Instituto de Estudios Avanzados (IDEA), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Juan-Carlos Navarro
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity. Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, Ecuador
- Program of Master in Biomedicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Marta Mendoza
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos y Veterinarios, Instituto de Estudios Científicos y Tecnológicos (IDECYT), Universidad Nacional Experimental Simón Rodríguez, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - José R Ramírez-Iglesias
- Research Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity. Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, Ecuador.
- Program of Master in Biomedicine, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK (UISEK), Quito, Ecuador.
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7
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Park CJ, Shin R. Calcium channels and transporters: Roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:964059. [PMID: 36161014 PMCID: PMC9493244 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.964059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) serves as a ubiquitous second messenger by mediating various signaling pathways and responding to numerous environmental conditions in eukaryotes. Therefore, plant cells have developed complex mechanisms of Ca2+ communication across the membrane, receiving the message from their surroundings and transducing the information into cells and organelles. A wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses cause the increase in [Ca2+]cyt as a result of the Ca2+ influx permitted by membrane-localized Ca2+ permeable cation channels such as CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATE CHANNELs (CNGCs), and voltage-dependent HYPERPOLARIZATION-ACTIVATED CALCIUM2+ PERMEABLE CHANNELs (HACCs), as well as GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE RECEPTORs (GLRs) and TWO-PORE CHANNELs (TPCs). Recently, resistosomes formed by some NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT RECEPTORs (NLRs) are also proposed as a new type of Ca2+ permeable cation channels. On the contrary, some Ca2+ transporting membrane proteins, mainly Ca2+-ATPase and Ca2+/H+ exchangers, are involved in Ca2+ efflux for removal of the excessive [Ca2+]cyt in order to maintain the Ca2+ homeostasis in cells. The Ca2+ efflux mechanisms mediate the wide ranges of cellular activities responding to external and internal stimuli. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the recent discoveries of various membrane proteins involved in Ca2+ influx and efflux which play an essential role in fine-tuning the processing of information for plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jin Park
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ryoung Shin
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
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Wang J, Fu X, Zhang S, Chen G, Li S, Shangguan T, Zheng Y, Xu F, Chen ZH, Xu S. Evolutionary and Regulatory Pattern Analysis of Soybean Ca 2+ ATPases for Abiotic Stress Tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:898256. [PMID: 35665149 PMCID: PMC9161174 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.898256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
P2-type Ca2+ ATPases are responsible for cellular Ca2+ transport, which plays an important role in plant development and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the role of P2-type Ca2+ ATPases in stress response and stomatal regulation is still elusive in soybean. In this study, a total of 12 P2-type Ca2+ ATPases genes (GmACAs and GmECAs) were identified from the genome of Glycine max. We analyzed the evolutionary relationship, conserved motif, functional domain, gene structure and location, and promoter elements of the family. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging analysis showed that vegetable soybean leaves are damaged to different extents under salt, drought, cold, and shade stresses. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis demonstrated that most of the GmACAs and GmECAs are up-regulated after drought, cold, and NaCl treatment, but are down-regulated after shading stress. Microscopic observation showed that different stresses caused significant stomatal closure. Spatial location and temporal expression analysis suggested that GmACA8, GmACA9, GmACA10, GmACA12, GmACA13, and GmACA11 might promote stomatal closure under drought, cold, and salt stress. GmECA1 might regulate stomatal closure in shading stress. GmACA1 and GmECA3 might have a negative function on cold stress. The results laid an important foundation for further study on the function of P2-type Ca2+ ATPase genes GmACAs and GmECAs for breeding abiotic stress-tolerant vegetable soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xujun Fu
- Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Taizhou Seed Administration Station, Taizhou, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sujuan Li
- Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tengwei Shangguan
- College of Agriculture and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanting Zheng
- Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Shengchun Xu
- Central Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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9
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Zhang M, Li M, Fu H, Wang K, Tian X, Qiu R, Liu J, Gao S, Zhong Z, Yang B, Zhang L. Transcriptomic analysis unravels the molecular response of Lonicera japonica leaves to chilling stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1092857. [PMID: 36618608 PMCID: PMC9815118 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1092857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Lonicera japonica is not only an important resource of traditional Chinese medicine, but also has very high horticultural value. Studies have been performed on the physiological responses of L. japonica leaves to chilling, however, the molecular mechanism underlying the low temperature-induced leaves morphological changes remains unclear. In this study, it has been demonstrated that the ratio of pigments content including anthocyanins, chlorophylls, and carotenoids was significantly altered in response to chilling condition, resulting in the color transformation of leaves from green to purple. Transcriptomic analysis showed there were 10,329 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) co-expressed during chilling stress. DEGs were mainly mapped to secondary metabolism, cell wall, and minor carbohydrate. The upregulated genes (UGs) were mainly enriched in protein metabolism, transport, and signaling, while UGs in secondary metabolism were mainly involved in phenylpropaoids-flavonoids pathway (PFP) and carotenoids pathway (CP). Protein-protein interaction analysis illustrated that 21 interacted genes including CAX3, NHX2, ACA8, and ACA9 were enriched in calcium transport/potassium ion transport. BR biosynthesis pathway related genes and BR insensitive (BRI) were collectively induced by chilling stress. Furthermore, the expression of genes involved in anthocyanins and CPs as well as the content of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and luteoloside were increased in leaves of L. japonica under stress. Taken together, these results indicate that the activation of PFP and CP in leaves of L. japonica under chilling stress, largely attributed to the elevation of calcium homeostasis and stimulation of BR signaling, which then regulated the PFP/CP related transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kehao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renping Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinkun Liu
- Department of Techonology Center, Shandong Anran Nanometer Industry Development Company Limited, Weihai, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Techonology Center, Shandong Anran Nanometer Industry Development Company Limited, Weihai, China
| | - Zhuoheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bingxian Yang, ; Lin Zhang,
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bingxian Yang, ; Lin Zhang,
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10
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Bomblies K. When everything changes at once: finding a new normal after genome duplication. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20202154. [PMID: 33203329 PMCID: PMC7739491 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome duplication (WGD), which leads to polyploidy, is implicated in adaptation and speciation. But what are the immediate effects of WGD and how do newly polyploid lineages adapt to them? With many studies of new and evolved polyploids now available, along with studies of genes under selection in polyploids, we are in an increasingly good position to understand how polyploidy generates novelty. Here, I will review consistent effects of WGD on the biology of plants, such as an increase in cell size, increased stress tolerance and more. I will discuss how a change in something as fundamental as cell size can challenge the function of some cell types in particular. I will also discuss what we have learned about the short- to medium-term evolutionary response to WGD. It is now clear that some of this evolutionary response may 'lock in' traits that happen to be beneficial, while in other cases, it might be more of an 'emergency response' to work around physiological changes that are either deleterious, or cannot be undone in the polyploid context. Yet, other traits may return rapidly to a diploid-like state. Polyploids may, by re-jigging many inter-related processes, find a new, conditionally adaptive, normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Bomblies
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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11
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Adhikari PB, Liu X, Wu X, Zhu S, Kasahara RD. Fertilization in flowering plants: an odyssey of sperm cell delivery. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 103:9-32. [PMID: 32124177 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00987-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In light of the available discoveries in the field, this review manuscript discusses on plant reproduction mechanism and molecular players involved in the process. Sperm cells in angiosperms are immotile and are physically distant to the female gametophytes (FG). To secure the production of the next generation, plants have devised a clever approach by which the two sperm cells in each pollen are safely delivered to the female gametophyte where two fertilization events occur (by each sperm cell fertilizing an egg cell and central cell) to give rise to embryo and endosperm. Each of the successfully fertilized ovules later develops into a seed. Sets of macromolecules play roles in pollen tube (PT) guidance, from the stigma, through the transmitting tract and funiculus to the micropylar end of the ovule. Other sets of genetic players are involved in PT reception and in its rupture after it enters the ovule, and yet other sets of genes function in gametic fusion. Angiosperms have come long way from primitive reproductive structure development to today's sophisticated, diverse, and in most cases flamboyant organ. In this review, we will be discussing on the intricate yet complex molecular mechanism of double fertilization and how it might have been shaped by the evolutionary forces focusing particularly on the model plant Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash B Adhikari
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shaowei Zhu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ryushiro D Kasahara
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
- Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center (HBMC), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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12
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García Bossi J, Kumar K, Barberini ML, Domínguez GD, Rondón Guerrero YDC, Marino-Buslje C, Obertello M, Muschietti JP, Estevez JM. The role of P-type IIA and P-type IIB Ca2+-ATPases in plant development and growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1239-1248. [PMID: 31740935 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants have evolved mechanisms to adapt to variable and rapidly fluctuating environmental conditions. Calcium (Ca2+) in plant cells is a versatile intracellular second messenger that is essential for stimulating short- and long-term responses to environmental stresses through changes in its concentration in the cytosol ([Ca2+]cyt). Increases in [Ca2+]cyt direct the strength and length of these stimuli. In order to terminate them, the cells must then remove the cytosolic Ca2+ against a concentration gradient, either taking it away from the cell or storing it in organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and/or vacuoles. Here, we review current knowledge about the biological roles of plant P-type Ca2+-ATPases as potential actors in the regulation of this cytosolic Ca2+ efflux, with a focus the IIA ER-type Ca2+-ATPases (ECAs) and the IIB autoinhibited Ca2+-ATPases (ACAs). While ECAs are analogous proteins to animal sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCAs), ACAs are equivalent to animal plasma membrane-type ATPases (PMCAs). We examine their expression patterns in cells exhibiting polar growth and consider their appearance during the evolution of the plant lineage. Full details of the functions and coordination of ECAs and ACAs during plant growth and development have not yet been elucidated. Our current understanding of the regulation of fluctuations in Ca2+ gradients in the cytoplasm and organelles during growth is in its infancy, but recent technological advances in Ca2+ imaging are expected to shed light on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián García Bossi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Krishna Kumar
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre, GKVK Post, Bengaluru, India
| | - María Laura Barberini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Díaz Domínguez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Cristina Marino-Buslje
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Obertello
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge P Muschietti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Dr. Héctor Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Int. Güiraldes, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellón II, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir and Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal (CBV), Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Structural basis for activation of plasma-membrane Ca 2+-ATPase by calmodulin. Commun Biol 2018; 1:206. [PMID: 30511020 PMCID: PMC6255812 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma-membrane Ca2+-ATPases expel Ca2+ from the cytoplasm and are key regulators of Ca2+ homeostasis in eukaryotes. They are autoinhibited under low Ca2+ concentrations. Calmodulin (CaM)-binding to a unique regulatory domain releases the autoinhibition and activates the pump. However, the structural basis for this activation, including the overall structure of this calcium pump and its complex with calmodulin, is unknown. We previously determined the high-resolution structure of calmodulin in complex with the regulatory domain of the plasma-membrane Ca2+-ATPase ACA8 and revealed a bimodular mechanism of calcium control in eukaryotes. Here we show that activation of ACA8 by CaM involves large conformational changes. Combining advanced modeling of neutron scattering data acquired from stealth nanodiscs and native mass spectrometry with detailed dissection of binding constants, we present a structural model for the full-length ACA8 Ca2+ pump in its calmodulin-activated state illustrating a displacement of the regulatory domain from the core enzyme. Julius Nitsche et al. demonstrate that binding of two calmodulin molecules displaces the regulatory domain of the plasma-membrane Ca2+-ATPase ACA8 to fully activate this Ca2+ pump by relieving the autoinhibition. This work provides structural evidence for the previously proposed bimodular activation mechanism.
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14
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Okamoto T, Takatani S, Noutoshi Y, Motose H, Takahashi T. Omeprazole Enhances Mechanical Stress-Induced Root Growth Reduction in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:1581-1591. [PMID: 30011034 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical sensing is one of the most fundamental processes for sessile plants to survive and grow. The response is known to involve calcium elevation in the cell. Arabidopsis seedlings grown horizontally on agar plates covered with a dialysis membrane show a 2-fold reduction in root growth compared with those grown vertically, a response to mechanical stress generated due to gravitropism of the root. To understand the molecular mechanism of how plant roots sense and respond to mechanical stimuli, we screened chemical libraries for compounds that affect the horizontal root growth in this experimental system and found that, while having no effect on root gravitropism, omeprazole known as a proton pump inhibitor significantly enhanced the mechanical stress-induced root growth reduction especially in lower pH media. In contrast, omeprazole reversed neither the alleviation of the mechanical stress-induced growth reduction caused by calcium depletion nor the insensitivity to the mechanical stress in the ethylene signaling mutant ein2. Together with the finding that omeprazole increased expression of touch-induced genes and ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1, our results suggest that the target of omeprazole mediates ethylene signaling in the root growth response to mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Okamoto
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shogo Takatani
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Motose
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Taku Takahashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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15
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Li Y, Guo J, Yang Z, Yang DL. Plasma Membrane-Localized Calcium Pumps and Copines Coordinately Regulate Pollen Germination and Fertility in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061774. [PMID: 29914054 PMCID: PMC6032332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium plays an important role in plant growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli. Copines are conserved plasma membrane-localized calcium-binding proteins which regulate plant immune responses and development. In this study, we found that copine proteins BON2 and BON3, the paralogs of BON1, physically interact with calcium pumps ACA8 and ACA10 in Arabidopsis. Notably, ACA9, the closest homologue of ACA8 and ACA10 functioning in pollen tube growth, interacts with all three copines. This is consistent with the protein–protein interactions between the two protein families, the aca8, aca10, aca8/aca10, bon1/2/3 mutants as well as aca9 mutant exhibited defects on pollen germination and seed production. Taken together, plasma membrane-localized interacting calcium pumps and copines coordinately control pollen tube growth, likely through manipulating calcium efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jinping Guo
- Department of Anatomy, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ziyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Dong-Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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16
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Yu H, Yan J, Du X, Hua J. Overlapping and differential roles of plasma membrane calcium ATPases in Arabidopsis growth and environmental responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:2693-2703. [PMID: 29506225 PMCID: PMC5920303 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells have multiple plasma membrane (PM)-localized calcium ATPases (ACAs) pumping calcium ions out of the cytosol. Although the involvement of some of these ACAs in plant growth and immunity has been reported, their individual and combined functions have not been fully examined. Here, we analysed the effects of single and combined mutations of four ACA genes, ACA8, ACA10, ACA12, and ACA13, in a number of processes. We found that these four genes had both overlapping and differential involvements in vegetative growth, inflorescence growth, seeds setting, disease resistance and stomatal movement. Disruption of any of these four genes reduces seed setting, indicating their contribution to the overall fitness of the plants. While ACA10 and ACA8 play major roles in vegetative growth and immunity, ACA13 and ACA12 are also involved in these processes especially when the function of ACA10 and/or ACA8 is compromised. The loss of ACA13 and ACA10 function in combination with a reduction in function of ACA8 leads to seedling death at bolting, revealing the essential role of their collective function in plant growth. Taken together, this study indicates a highly tuned calcium system involving these PM-localized calcium pumps in plant growth and environmental responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Yu
- Research Center of Organic Agriculture Technology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jiapei Yan
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Xiangge Du
- Research Center of Organic Agriculture Technology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Correspondence: ,
| | - Jian Hua
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Correspondence: ,
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17
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Konrad KR, Maierhofer T, Hedrich R. Spatio-temporal Aspects of Ca2+ Signalling: Lessons from Guard Cells and Pollen Tubes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:4986225. [PMID: 29701811 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) serve to transmit information in eukaryotic cells. The involvement of this second messenger in plant cell growth as well as osmotic- and water relations is well established. After almost 40 years of intense research on the coding and decoding of plant Ca2+ signals, numerous proteins involved in Ca2+ action have been identified. However, we are still far from understanding the complexity of Ca2+ networks. New in vivo Ca2+ imaging techniques combined with molecular genetics allow visualisation of spatio-temporal aspects of Ca2+ signalling. In parallel, cell biology together with protein biochemistry and electrophysiology are able to dissect information processing by this second messenger in space and time. Here we focus on the time-resolved changes in cellular events upon Ca2+ signals, concentrating on the two best-studied cell types, pollen tubes and guard cells. We put their signalling networks side by side, compare them with those of other cell types and discuss rapid signalling in the context of Ca2+ transients and oscillations to regulate ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Konrad
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - T Maierhofer
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - R Hedrich
- University of Wuerzburg, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, Department of Botany I, Wuerzburg, Germany
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18
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Aldon D, Mbengue M, Mazars C, Galaud JP. Calcium Signalling in Plant Biotic Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E665. [PMID: 29495448 PMCID: PMC5877526 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal second messenger involved in various cellular processes, leading to plant development and to biotic and abiotic stress responses. Intracellular variation in free Ca2+ concentration is among the earliest events following the plant perception of environmental change. These Ca2+ variations differ in their spatio-temporal properties according to the nature, strength and duration of the stimulus. However, their conversion into biological responses requires Ca2+ sensors for decoding and relaying. The occurrence in plants of calmodulin (CaM) but also of other sets of plant-specific Ca2+ sensors such as calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs), Ca2+-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) and calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs) indicate that plants possess specific tools and machineries to convert Ca2+ signals into appropriate responses. Here, we focus on recent progress made in monitoring the generation of Ca2+ signals at the whole plant or cell level and their long distance propagation during biotic interactions. The contribution of CaM/CMLs and CDPKs in plant immune responses mounted against bacteria, fungi, viruses and insects are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Aldon
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Vegetales, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, Chemin de Borde-Rouge, Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Malick Mbengue
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Vegetales, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, Chemin de Borde-Rouge, Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Christian Mazars
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Vegetales, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, Chemin de Borde-Rouge, Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Jean-Philippe Galaud
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Vegetales, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24, Chemin de Borde-Rouge, Auzeville, BP 42617, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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19
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Astegno A, Bonza MC, Vallone R, La Verde V, D'Onofrio M, Luoni L, Molesini B, Dominici P. Arabidopsis calmodulin-like protein CML36 is a calcium (Ca 2+) sensor that interacts with the plasma membrane Ca 2+-ATPase isoform ACA8 and stimulates its activity. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15049-15061. [PMID: 28726644 PMCID: PMC5592680 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.787796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calmodulin-like (CML) proteins are major EF-hand-containing, calcium (Ca2+)-binding proteins with crucial roles in plant development and in coordinating plant stress tolerance. Given their abundance in plants, the properties of Ca2+ sensors and identification of novel target proteins of CMLs deserve special attention. To this end, we recombinantly produced and biochemically characterized CML36 from Arabidopsis thaliana We analyzed Ca2+ and Mg2+ binding to the individual EF-hands, observed metal-induced conformational changes, and identified a physiologically relevant target. CML36 possesses two high-affinity Ca2+/Mg2+ mixed binding sites and two low-affinity Ca2+-specific sites. Binding of Ca2+ induced an increase in the α-helical content and a conformational change that lead to the exposure of hydrophobic regions responsible for target protein recognition. Cation binding, either Ca2+ or Mg2+, stabilized the secondary and tertiary structures of CML36, guiding a large structural transition from a molten globule apo-state to a compact holoconformation. Importantly, through in vitro binding and activity assays, we showed that CML36 interacts directly with the regulative N terminus of the Arabidopsis plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase isoform 8 (ACA8) and that this interaction stimulates ACA8 activity. Gene expression analysis revealed that CML36 and ACA8 are co-expressed mainly in inflorescences. Collectively, our results support a role for CML36 as a Ca2+ sensor that binds to and modulates ACA8, uncovering a possible involvement of the CML protein family in the modulation of plant-autoinhibited Ca2+ pumps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Astegno
- From the Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy and
| | - Maria Cristina Bonza
- the Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Rosario Vallone
- From the Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy and
| | - Valentina La Verde
- From the Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy and
| | - Mariapina D'Onofrio
- From the Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy and
| | - Laura Luoni
- the Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara Molesini
- From the Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy and
| | - Paola Dominici
- From the Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy and
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20
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Yang DL, Shi Z, Bao Y, Yan J, Yang Z, Yu H, Li Y, Gou M, Wang S, Zou B, Xu D, Ma Z, Kim J, Hua J. Calcium Pumps and Interacting BON1 Protein Modulate Calcium Signature, Stomatal Closure, and Plant Immunity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 175:424-437. [PMID: 28701352 PMCID: PMC5580750 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Calcium signaling is essential for environmental responses including immune responses. Here, we provide evidence that the evolutionarily conserved protein BONZAI1 (BON1) functions together with autoinhibited calcium ATPase10 (ACA10) and ACA8 to regulate calcium signals in Arabidopsis. BON1 is a plasma membrane localized protein that negatively regulates the expression of immune receptor genes and positively regulates stomatal closure. We found that BON1 interacts with the autoinhibitory domains of ACA10 and ACA8, and the aca10 loss-of-function (LOF) mutants have an autoimmune phenotype similar to that of the bon1 LOF mutants. Genetic evidences indicate that BON1 positively regulates the activities of ACA10 and ACA8. Consistent with this idea, the steady level of calcium concentration is increased in both aca10 and bon1 mutants. Most strikingly, cytosolic calcium oscillation imposed by external calcium treatment was altered in aca10, aca8, and bon1 mutants in guard cells. In addition, calcium- and pathogen-induced stomatal closure was compromised in the aca10 and bon1 mutants. Taken together, this study indicates that ACA10/8 and BON1 physically interact on plasma membrane and function in the generation of cytosol calcium signatures that are critical for stomatal movement and impact plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Zhenying Shi
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Yongmei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Jiapei Yan
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Ziyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huiyun Yu
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingyue Gou
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Shu Wang
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Baohong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Dachao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiqi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jitae Kim
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - Jian Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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21
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Costa A, Luoni L, Marrano CA, Hashimoto K, Köster P, Giacometti S, De Michelis MI, Kudla J, Bonza MC. Ca2+-dependent phosphoregulation of the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase ACA8 modulates stimulus-induced calcium signatures. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3215-3230. [PMID: 28531251 PMCID: PMC5853299 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ signals are transient, hence, upon a stimulus-induced increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, cells have to re-establish resting Ca2+ levels. Ca2+ extrusion is operated by a wealth of transporters, such as Ca2+ pumps and Ca2+/H+ antiporters, which often require a rise in Ca2+ concentration to be activated. Here, we report a regulatory fine-tuning mechanism of the Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane-localized Ca2+-ATPase isoform ACA8 that is mediated by calcineurin B-like protein (CBL) and CBL-interacting protein kinase (CIPK) complexes. We show that two CIPKs (CIPK9 and CIPK14) are able to interact with ACA8 in vivo and phosphorylate it in vitro. Transient co-overexpression of ACA8 with CIPK9 and the plasma membrane Ca2+ sensor CBL1 in tobacco leaf cells influences nuclear Ca2+ dynamics, specifically reducing the height of the second peak of the wound-induced Ca2+ transient. Stimulus-induced Ca2+ transients in mature leaves and seedlings of an aca8 T-DNA insertion line exhibit altered dynamics when compared with the wild type. Altogether our results identify ACA8 as a prominent in vivo regulator of cellular Ca2+ dynamics and reveal the existence of a Ca2+-dependent CBL-CIPK-mediated regulatory feedback mechanism, which crucially functions in the termination of Ca2+ signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Costa
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Luoni
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp Köster
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Maria Ida De Michelis
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Institute of Biophysics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Milan, Italy
| | - Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
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22
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Jezek M, Blatt MR. The Membrane Transport System of the Guard Cell and Its Integration for Stomatal Dynamics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:487-519. [PMID: 28408539 PMCID: PMC5462021 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal guard cells are widely recognized as the premier plant cell model for membrane transport, signaling, and homeostasis. This recognition is rooted in half a century of research into ion transport across the plasma and vacuolar membranes of guard cells that drive stomatal movements and the signaling mechanisms that regulate them. Stomatal guard cells surround pores in the epidermis of plant leaves, controlling the aperture of the pore to balance CO2 entry into the leaf for photosynthesis with water loss via transpiration. The position of guard cells in the epidermis is ideally suited for cellular and subcellular research, and their sensitivity to endogenous signals and environmental stimuli makes them a primary target for physiological studies. Stomata underpin the challenges of water availability and crop production that are expected to unfold over the next 20 to 30 years. A quantitative understanding of how ion transport is integrated and controlled is key to meeting these challenges and to engineering guard cells for improved water use efficiency and agricultural yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Jezek
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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23
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Yaish MW, Patankar HV, Assaha DVM, Zheng Y, Al-Yahyai R, Sunkar R. Genome-wide expression profiling in leaves and roots of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) exposed to salinity. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:246. [PMID: 28330456 PMCID: PMC5423419 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3633-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Date palm, as one of the most important fruit crops in North African and West Asian countries including Oman, is facing serious growth problems due to salinity, arising from persistent use of saline water for irrigation. Although date palm is a relatively salt-tolerant plant species, its adaptive mechanisms to salt stress are largely unknown. RESULTS In order to get an insight into molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance, RNA was profiled in leaves and roots of date palm seedlings subjected to NaCl for 10 days. Under salt stress, photosynthetic parameters were differentially affected; all gas exchange parameters were decreased but the quantum yield of PSII was unaffected while non-photochemical quenching was increased. Analyses of gene expression profiles revealed 2630 and 4687 genes were differentially expressed in leaves and roots, respectively, under salt stress. Of these, 194 genes were identified as commonly responding in both the tissue sources. Gene ontology (GO) analysis in leaves revealed enrichment of transcripts involved in metabolic pathways including photosynthesis, sucrose and starch metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation, while in roots genes involved in membrane transport, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, purine, thiamine, and tryptophan metabolism, and casparian strip development were enriched. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common to both tissues included the auxin responsive gene, GH3, a putative potassium transporter 8 and vacuolar membrane proton pump. CONCLUSIONS Leaf and root tissues respond differentially to salinity stress and this study has revealed genes and pathways that are associated with responses to elevated NaCl levels and thus may play important roles in salt tolerance providing a foundation for functional characterization of salt stress-responsive genes in the date palm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud W Yaish
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Himanshu V Patankar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Dekoum V M Assaha
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Yun Zheng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Rashid Al-Yahyai
- Department of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ramanjulu Sunkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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24
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Alcock TD, Havlickova L, He Z, Bancroft I, White PJ, Broadley MR, Graham NS. Identification of Candidate Genes for Calcium and Magnesium Accumulation in Brassica napus L. by Association Genetics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1968. [PMID: 29187860 PMCID: PMC5694822 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) are essential plant nutrients and vital for human and animal nutrition. Biofortification of crops has previously been suggested to alleviate widespread human Ca and Mg deficiencies. In this study, new candidate genes influencing the leaf accumulation of Ca and Mg were identified in young Brassica napus plants using associative transcriptomics of ionomics datasets. A total of 247 and 166 SNP markers were associated with leaf Ca and Mg concentration, respectively, after false discovery rate correction and removal of SNPs with low second allele frequency. Gene expression markers at similar positions were also associated with leaf Ca and Mg concentration, including loci on chromosomes A10 and C2, within which lie previously identified transporter genes ACA8 and MGT7. Further candidate genes were selected from seven loci and the mineral composition of whole Arabidopsis thaliana shoots were characterized from lines mutated in orthologous genes. Four and two mutant lines had reduced shoot Ca and Mg concentration, respectively, compared to wild type plants. Three of these mutations were found to have tissue specific effects; notably reduced silique Ca in all three such mutant lines. This knowledge could be applied in targeted breeding, with the possibility of increasing Ca and Mg in plant tissue for improving human and livestock nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D. Alcock
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | | | - Zhesi He
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Bancroft
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. White
- The James Hutton Institute, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Martin R. Broadley
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Neil S. Graham
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Neil S. Graham,
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25
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Baliardini C, Corso M, Verbruggen N. Transcriptomic analysis supports the role of CATION EXCHANGER 1 in cellular homeostasis and oxidative stress limitation during cadmium stress. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1183861. [PMID: 27172138 PMCID: PMC4973759 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1183861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of genetic determinants of Cd tolerance in the Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator Arabidopsis halleri allowed the identification of the vacuolar Ca(2+)/H(+) exchanger encoding CAX1 gene. CAX1 was proposed to interfere with the positive feedback loop between Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production and Cd-induced cytosolic Ca(2+) spikes, especially at low external Ca(2+) supply. In this study expression of genes involved in ROS homeostasis, cell wall composition, apoplastic pH regulation and Ca(2+) homeostasis were monitored in Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and cax1-1 knock-out mutant and in Arabidopsis halleri wild-type exposed to cadmium or in control conditions. Clustering the outputs of the expression analysis in a gene co-expression network revealed that CAX1 and genes involved in Ca(2+) cellular homeostasis, apoplastic pH and oxidative stress response were highly correlated in A. thaliana, but not in A. halleri. Many of the studied genes were already highly expressed in A. halleri and/or their expression was not modified by exposure to Cd. The results further supported the role of CAX1 in the regulation of cytosolic ROS accumulation as well as the existence of different cell wall modifications strategies in response to Cd in Arabidopsis thaliana and halleri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Baliardini
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Massimiliano Corso
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Verbruggen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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26
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Niggli V, Carafoli E. The Plasma Membrane Ca(2+) ATPase: Purification by Calmodulin Affinity Chromatography, and Reconstitution of the Purified Protein. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1377:57-70. [PMID: 26695022 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3179-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane Ca(2+) ATPases (PMCA pumps) are key regulators of cytosolic Ca(2+) in eukaryotes. They extrude Ca(2+) from the cytosol, using the energy of ATP hydrolysis and operate as Ca(2+)-H(+) exchangers. They are activated by the Ca(2+)-binding protein calmodulin, by acidic phospholipids and by other mechanisms, among them kinase-mediated phosphorylation. Isolation of the PMCA in pure and active form is essential for the analysis of its structure and function. In this chapter, the purification of the pump, as first achieved from erythrocyte plasma membranes by calmodulin-affinity chromatography, is described in detail. The reversible, high-affinity, Ca(2+)-dependent interaction of the pump with calmodulin is the basis of the procedure. Either phospholipids or glycerol have to be present in the isolation buffers to keep the pump active during the isolation procedure. After the isolation of the PMCA pump from human erythrocytes the pump was purified from other cell types, e.g., heart sarcolemma, plant microsomal fractions, and cells that express it ectopically. The reconstitution of the purified pump into phospholipid vesicles using the cholate dialysis method will also be described. It allows studies of transport mechanism and of regulation of pump activity. The purified pump can be stored in the reconstituted form for several days at 4 °C with little loss of activity, but it rapidly loses activity when stored in the detergent-solubilized form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Niggli
- Department of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Bern, 3010, Switzerland.
| | - Ernesto Carafoli
- VIMM, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, 35129, Italy.
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27
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Virdi AS, Singh S, Singh P. Abiotic stress responses in plants: roles of calmodulin-regulated proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:809. [PMID: 26528296 PMCID: PMC4604306 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular changes in calcium ions (Ca(2+)) in response to different biotic and abiotic stimuli are detected by various sensor proteins in the plant cell. Calmodulin (CaM) is one of the most extensively studied Ca(2+)-sensing proteins and has been shown to be involved in transduction of Ca(2+) signals. After interacting with Ca(2+), CaM undergoes conformational change and influences the activities of a diverse range of CaM-binding proteins. A number of CaM-binding proteins have also been implicated in stress responses in plants, highlighting the central role played by CaM in adaptation to adverse environmental conditions. Stress adaptation in plants is a highly complex and multigenic response. Identification and characterization of CaM-modulated proteins in relation to different abiotic stresses could, therefore, prove to be essential for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Various studies have revealed involvement of CaM in regulation of metal ions uptake, generation of reactive oxygen species and modulation of transcription factors such as CAMTA3, GTL1, and WRKY39. Activities of several kinases and phosphatases have also been shown to be modulated by CaM, thus providing further versatility to stress-associated signal transduction pathways. The results obtained from contemporary studies are consistent with the proposed role of CaM as an integrator of different stress signaling pathways, which allows plants to maintain homeostasis between different cellular processes. In this review, we have attempted to present the current state of understanding of the role of CaM in modulating different stress-regulated proteins and its implications in augmenting abiotic stress tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amardeep S. Virdi
- Texture Analysis Laboratory, Department of Food Science & Technology, Guru Nanak Dev UniversityAmritsar, India
| | - Supreet Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev UniversityAmritsar, India
| | - Prabhjeet Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev UniversityAmritsar, India
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28
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Rodiuc N, Vieira P, Banora MY, de Almeida Engler J. On the track of transfer cell formation by specialized plant-parasitic nematodes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:160. [PMID: 24847336 PMCID: PMC4017147 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Transfer cells are ubiquitous plant cells that play an important role in plant development as well as in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. They are highly specialized and differentiated cells playing a central role in the acquisition, distribution and exchange of nutrients. Their unique structural traits are characterized by augmented ingrowths of invaginated secondary wall material, unsheathed by an amplified area of plasma membrane enriched in a suite of solute transporters. Similar morphological features can be perceived in vascular root feeding cells induced by sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes, such as root-knot and cyst nematodes, in a wide range of plant hosts. Despite their close phylogenetic relationship, these obligatory biotrophic plant pathogens engage different approaches when reprogramming root cells into giant cells or syncytia, respectively. Both nematode feeding-cells types will serve as the main source of nutrients until the end of the nematode life cycle. In both cases, these nematodes are able to remarkably maneuver and reprogram plant host cells. In this review we will discuss the structure, function and formation of these specialized multinucleate cells that act as nutrient transfer cells accumulating and synthesizing components needed for survival and successful offspring of plant-parasitic nematodes. Plant cells with transfer-like functions are also a renowned subject of interest involving still poorly understood molecular and cellular transport processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rodiuc
- Laboratório de Interação Molecular Planta-Praga, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEBBrasília, Brasil
| | - Paulo Vieira
- NemaLab – Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânicas, Universidade de ÉvoraÉvora, Portugal
| | | | - Janice de Almeida Engler
- Laboratório de Interação Molecular Planta-Praga, Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, PqEBBrasília, Brasil
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Plant, Health and Environment, Plant-Nematodes Interaction Team, UMR 1355 ISA/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7254 ISA/Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UMR ISASophia-Antipolis, France
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29
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Limonta M, Romanowsky S, Olivari C, Bonza MC, Luoni L, Rosenberg A, Harper JF, De Michelis MI. ACA12 is a deregulated isoform of plasma membrane Ca²⁺-ATPase of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 84:387-97. [PMID: 24101142 PMCID: PMC4104672 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant auto-inhibited Ca²⁺-ATPases (ACA) are crucial in defining the shape of calcium transients and therefore in eliciting plant responses to various stimuli. Arabidopsis thaliana genome encodes ten ACA isoforms that can be divided into four clusters based on gene structure and sequence homology. While isoforms from clusters 1, 2 and 4 have been characterized, virtually nothing is known about members of cluster 3 (ACA12 and ACA13). Here we show that a GFP-tagged ACA12 localizes at the plasma membrane and that expression of ACA12 rescues the phenotype of partial male sterility of a null mutant of the plasma membrane isoform ACA9, thus providing genetic evidence that ACA12 is a functional plasma membrane-resident Ca²⁺-ATPase. By ACA12 expression in yeast and purification by CaM-affinity chromatography, we show that, unlike other ACAs, the activity of ACA12 is not stimulated by CaM. Moreover, full length ACA12 is able to rescue a yeast mutant deficient in calcium pumps. Analysis of single point ACA12 mutants suggests that ACA12 loss of auto-inhibition can be ascribed to the lack of two acidic residues--highly conserved in other ACA isoforms--localized at the cytoplasmic edge of the second and third transmembrane segments. Together, these results support a model in which the calcium pump activity of ACA12 is primarily regulated by increasing or decreasing mRNA expression and/or protein translation and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Limonta
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Istituto di Biofisica del CNR, Sezione di Milano, via G. Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Shawn Romanowsky
- Biochemistry Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | - Claudio Olivari
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Istituto di Biofisica del CNR, Sezione di Milano, via G. Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Bonza
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Istituto di Biofisica del CNR, Sezione di Milano, via G. Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Luoni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Istituto di Biofisica del CNR, Sezione di Milano, via G. Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alexa Rosenberg
- Biochemistry Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557
| | | | - Maria Ida De Michelis
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Istituto di Biofisica del CNR, Sezione di Milano, via G. Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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30
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Singh A, Kanwar P, Yadav AK, Mishra M, Jha SK, Baranwal V, Pandey A, Kapoor S, Tyagi AK, Pandey GK. Genome-wide expressional and functional analysis of calcium transport elements during abiotic stress and development in rice. FEBS J 2014; 281:894-915. [PMID: 24286292 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ca²⁺ homeostasis is required to maintain a delicate balance of cytosolic Ca²⁺ during normal and adverse growth conditions. Various Ca²⁺ transporters actively participate to maintain this delicate balance especially during abiotic stresses and developmental events in plants. In this study, we present a genome-wide account, detailing expression profiles, subcellular localization and functional analysis of rice Ca²⁺ transport elements. Exhaustive in silico data mining and analysis resulted in the identification of 81 Ca²⁺ transport element genes, which belong to various groups such as Ca²⁺-ATPases (pumps), exchangers, channels, glutamate receptor homologs and annexins. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that different Ca²⁺ transporters are evolutionarily conserved across different plant species. Comprehensive expression analysis by gene chip microarray and quantitative RT-PCR revealed that a substantial proportion of Ca²⁺ transporter genes were expressed differentially under abiotic stresses (salt, cold and drought) and reproductive developmental stages (panicle and seed) in rice. These findings suggest a possible role of rice Ca²⁺ transporters in abiotic stress and development triggered signaling pathways. Subcellular localization of Ca²⁺ transporters from different groups in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed their variable localization to different compartments, which could be their possible sites of action. Complementation of Ca²⁺ transport activity of K616 yeast mutant by Ca²⁺-ATPase OsACA7 and involvement in salt tolerance verified its functional behavior. This study will encourage detailed characterization of potential candidate Ca²⁺ transporters for their functional role in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarjeet Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi-110021, India
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31
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Bushart TJ, Cannon A, Clark G, Roux SJ. Structure and function of CrACA1, the major PM-type Ca2+-ATPase, expressed at the peak of the gravity-directed trans-cell calcium current in spores of the fern Ceratopteris richardii. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2014; 16 Suppl 1:151-7. [PMID: 24373013 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Spores of the fern Ceratopteris richardii have proven to be a valuable single-cell system for studying gravity responses. The earliest cellular change directed by gravity in these cells is a trans-cell calcium current, which peaks near 10 h after the spores are induced to germinate. This current is needed for gravity-directed axis alignment, and its peak is coincident with the time period when gravity polarises the direction of subsequent nuclear migration and rhizoid growth. Transcriptomic analysis of genes expressed at the 10-h time point revealed several that encode proteins likely to be key components that either drive the current or regulate it. Notable among these is a plasma membrane (PM)-type Ca(2+) ATPase, CrACA1, whose activity pumping Ca(2+) out of cells is regulated by gravity. This report provides an initial characterisation of the structure and expression of this protein, and demonstrates its heterologous function complementing the K616 mutant of yeast, which is deficient in PM-type Ca(2+) pump activity. Gravity-induced changes in the trans-cell Ca(2+) current occur within seconds, a result consistent with the hypothesis that the force of gravity can rapidly alter the post-translational state of the channels and pumps that drive this current across spore cells. This report identifies a transporter likely to be a key driver of the current, CrACA1, and characterises the role of this protein in early germination and gravity-driven polarity fixation through analysis of expression levels, functional complementation and pharmacological treatments. These data, along with newly available transcriptomic data obtained at the 10-h time point, indicate that CrACA1 is present, functional and likely a major contributing component of the trans-cell Ca(2+) efflux. CrACA1 is not necessary for polar axis alignment, but pharmacological perturbations of it disrupt rhizoid development. These data support and help refine the post-translational modification model for gravity responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Bushart
- Section of Molecular Cell & Developmental Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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32
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Huda KMK, Banu MSA, Tuteja R, Tuteja N. Global calcium transducer P-type Ca²⁺-ATPases open new avenues for agriculture by regulating stress signalling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2013; 64:3099-109. [PMID: 23918957 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Food security is in danger under the continuous growing threat of various stresses including climate change and global warming, which ultimately leads to a reduction in crop yields. Calcium plays a very important role in many signal transduction pathways including stress signalling. Different extracellular stimuli trigger increases in cytosolic calcium, which is detrimental to plants. To cope with such stresses, plants need to develop efficient efflux mechanisms to maintain ionic homeostasis. The Ca(2+)-ATPases are members of the P-type ATPase superfamily, which perform many fundamental processes in organisms by actively transporting ions across cellular membranes. In recent years, many studies have revealed that, as well as efflux mechanisms, Ca(2+)-ATPases also play critical roles in sensing calcium fluctuations and relaying downstream signals by activating definitive targets, thus modulating corresponding metabolic pathways. As calcium-activated calmodulin (CaM) is reported to play vital roles in stress tolerance, the presence of a unique CaM-binding site in type IIB Ca(2+)-ATPases indicates their potential role in biotic as well as abiotic stress tolerance. The key roles of Ca(2+)-ATPases in transport systems and stress signalling in cellular homeostasis are addressed in this review. A complete understanding of plant defence mechanisms under stress will allow bioengineering of improved crop plants, which will be crucial for food security currently observed worldwide in the context of global climate changes. Overall, this article covers classification, evolution, structural aspects of Ca(2+)-ATPases, and their emerging roles in plant stress signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Md Kamrul Huda
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Frei dit Frey N, Mbengue M, Kwaaitaal M, Nitsch L, Altenbach D, Häweker H, Lozano-Duran R, Njo MF, Beeckman T, Huettel B, Borst JW, Panstruga R, Robatzek S. Plasma membrane calcium ATPases are important components of receptor-mediated signaling in plant immune responses and development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 159:798-809. [PMID: 22535420 PMCID: PMC3375942 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.192575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasma membrane-resident receptor kinases (RKs) initiate signaling pathways important for plant immunity and development. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the receptor for the elicitor-active peptide epitope of bacterial flagellin, flg22, is encoded by FLAGELLIN SENSING2 (FLS2), which promotes plant immunity. Despite its relevance, the molecular components regulating FLS2-mediated signaling remain largely unknown. We show that plasma membrane ARABIDOPSIS-AUTOINHIBITED Ca(2+)-ATPase (ACA8) forms a complex with FLS2 in planta. ACA8 and its closest homolog ACA10 are required for limiting the growth of virulent bacteria. One of the earliest flg22 responses is the transient increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) ions, which is crucial for many of the well-described downstream responses (e.g. generation of reactive oxygen species and the transcriptional activation of defense-associated genes). Mutant aca8 aca10 plants show decreased flg22-induced Ca(2+) and reactive oxygen species bursts and exhibit altered transcriptional reprogramming. In particular, mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent flg22-induced gene expression is elevated, whereas calcium-dependent protein kinase-dependent flg22-induced gene expression is reduced. These results demonstrate that the fine regulation of Ca(2+) fluxes across the plasma membrane is critical for the coordination of the downstream microbe-associated molecular pattern responses and suggest a mechanistic link between the FLS2 receptor complex and signaling kinases via the secondary messenger Ca(2+). ACA8 also interacts with other RKs such as BRI1 and CLV1 known to regulate plant development, and both aca8 and aca10 mutants show morphological phenotypes, suggesting additional roles for ACA8 and ACA10 in developmental processes. Thus, Ca(2+) ATPases appear to represent general regulatory components of RK-mediated signaling pathways.
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Lucca N, León G. Arabidopsis ACA7, encoding a putative auto-regulated Ca(2+)-ATPase, is required for normal pollen development. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2012; 31:651-9. [PMID: 22044965 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microgametogenesis is a complex process that involves numerous well-coordinated cell activities, ending with the production of pollen grains. Pollen development has been studied at the cytological level in Arabidopsis and other plant species, where its temporal time course has been defined. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process is still unclear, since a relative small number of genes and/or processes have been identified as essential for pollen development. We have designed a methodology to select candidate genes for functional analysis, based on transcriptomic data obtained from different stages of pollen development. From our analyses, we selected At2g22950 as a candidate gene; this gene encodes a protein belonging to the auto-regulated Ca(2+)-ATPase family, ACA7. Microarray data indicate that ACA7 is expressed exclusively in developing pollen grains, with the highest level of mRNA at the time of the second pollen mitosis. Our RT-PCR experiments showed that ACA7 mRNA is detected exclusively in developing flowers. Confocal microscopy experiments showed a plasma membrane localization for the recombinant GFP:ACA7 protein. We identified two different insertional mutant lines, aca7-1 and aca7-2; plants from both mutant lines displayed a normal vegetative development but showed large amounts of dead pollen grains in mature flowers assayed by Alexander's staining. Histological analysis indicated that abnormalities are detected after the first pollen mitosis and we found a strong correlation between ACA7 mRNA accumulation and the severity of the phenotype. Our results indicate that ACA7 is a plasma membrane protein that has an important role during pollen development, possibly through regulation of Ca(2+) homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Lucca
- Laboratorio de Reproducción y Desarrollo de Plantas, Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Universidad Andres Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile
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Giacometti S, Marrano CA, Bonza MC, Luoni L, Limonta M, De Michelis MI. Phosphorylation of serine residues in the N-terminus modulates the activity of ACA8, a plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase of Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:1215-24. [PMID: 22090438 PMCID: PMC3276087 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
ACA8 is a plasma membrane-localized isoform of calmodulin (CaM)-regulated Ca(2+)-ATPase of Arabidopsis thaliana. Several phosphopeptides corresponding to portions of the regulatory N-terminus of ACA8 have been identified in phospho-proteomic studies. To mimic phosphorylation of the ACA8 N-terminus, each of the serines found to be phosphorylated in those studies (Ser19, Ser22, Ser27, Ser29, Ser57, and Ser99) has been mutated to aspartate. Mutants have been expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and characterized: mutants S19D and S57D--and to a lesser extent also mutants S22D and S27D--are deregulated, as shown by their low activation by CaM and by tryptic cleavage of the N-terminus. The His-tagged N-termini of wild-type and mutant ACA8 (6His-(1)M-I(116)) were expressed in Escherichia coli, affinity-purified, and used to analyse the kinetics of CaM binding by surface plasmon resonance. All the analysed mutations affect the kinetics of interaction with CaM to some extent: in most cases, the altered kinetics result in marginal changes in affinity, with the exception of mutants S57D (K(D) ≈ 10-fold higher than wild-type ACA8) and S99D (K(D) about half that of wild-type ACA8). The ACA8 N-terminus is phosphorylated in vitro by two isoforms of A. thaliana calcium-dependent protein kinase (CPK1 and CPK16); phosphorylation of mutant 6His-(1)M-I(116) peptides shows that CPK16 is able to phosphorylate the ACA8 N-terminus at Ser19 and at Ser22. The possible physiological implications of the subtle modulation of ACA8 activity by phosphorylation of its N-terminus are discussed.
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Bose J, Pottosin II, Shabala SS, Palmgren MG, Shabala S. Calcium efflux systems in stress signaling and adaptation in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2011; 2:85. [PMID: 22639615 PMCID: PMC3355617 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2011.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Transient cytosolic calcium ([Ca(2+)](cyt)) elevation is an ubiquitous denominator of the signaling network when plants are exposed to literally every known abiotic and biotic stress. These stress-induced [Ca(2+)](cyt) elevations vary in magnitude, frequency, and shape, depending on the severity of the stress as well the type of stress experienced. This creates a unique stress-specific calcium "signature" that is then decoded by signal transduction networks. While most published papers have been focused predominantly on the role of Ca(2+) influx mechanisms to shaping [Ca(2+)](cyt) signatures, restoration of the basal [Ca(2+)](cyt) levels is impossible without both cytosolic Ca(2+) buffering and efficient Ca(2+) efflux mechanisms removing excess Ca(2+) from cytosol, to reload Ca(2+) stores and to terminate Ca(2+) signaling. This is the topic of the current review. The molecular identity of two major types of Ca(2+) efflux systems, Ca(2+)-ATPase pumps and Ca(2+)/H(+) exchangers, is described, and their regulatory modes are analyzed in detail. The spatial and temporal organization of calcium signaling networks is described, and the importance of existence of intracellular calcium microdomains is discussed. Experimental evidence for the role of Ca(2+) efflux systems in plant responses to a range of abiotic and biotic factors is summarized. Contribution of Ca(2+)-ATPase pumps and Ca(2+)/H(+) exchangers in shaping [Ca(2+)](cyt) signatures is then modeled by using a four-component model (plasma- and endo-membrane-based Ca(2+)-permeable channels and efflux systems) taking into account the cytosolic Ca(2+) buffering. It is concluded that physiologically relevant variations in the activity of Ca(2+)-ATPase pumps and Ca(2+)/H(+) exchangers are sufficient to fully describe all the reported experimental evidence and determine the shape of [Ca(2+)](cyt) signatures in response to environmental stimuli, emphasizing the crucial role these active efflux systems play in plant adaptive responses to environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Bose
- School of Agricultural Science, University of TasmaniaHobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Igor I. Pottosin
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de ColimaColima, México
| | | | | | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Agricultural Science, University of TasmaniaHobart, TAS, Australia
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Tan W, Meng QW, Brestic M, Olsovska K, Yang X. Photosynthesis is improved by exogenous calcium in heat-stressed tobacco plants. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:2063-71. [PMID: 21803445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Effects of exogenous calcium chloride (CaCl(2)) (20 mM) on photosynthetic gas exchange, photosystem II photochemistry, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in tobacco plants under high temperature stress (43°C for 2 h) were investigated. Heat stress resulted in a decrease in net photosynthetic rate (P(n)), stomatal conductance as well as the apparent quantum yield (AQY) and carboxylation efficiency (CE) of photosynthesis. Heat stress also caused a decrease of the maximal photochemical efficiency of primary photochemistry (F(v)/F(m)). On the other hand, CaCl(2) application improved P(n), AQY, and CE as well as F(v)/F(m) under high temperature stress. Heat stress reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), whereas the activities of these enzymes either decreased less or increased in plants pretreated with CaCl(2); glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased under high temperature, and it increased more in plants pretreated with CaCl(2). There was an obvious accumulation of H(2)O(2) and O(2)(-) under high temperature, but CaCl(2) application decreased the contents of H(2)O(2) and O(2)(-) under heat stress conditions. Heat stress induced the level of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), while CaCl(2) pretreatment enhanced it. These results suggested that photosynthesis was improved by CaCl(2) application in heat-stressed plants and such an improvement was associated with an improvement in stomatal conductance and the thermostability of oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), which might be due to less accumulation of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tan
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
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Wang Y, Itaya A, Zhong X, Wu Y, Zhang J, van der Knaap E, Olmstead R, Qi Y, Ding B. Function and evolution of a MicroRNA that regulates a Ca2+-ATPase and triggers the formation of phased small interfering RNAs in tomato reproductive growth. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:3185-203. [PMID: 21917547 PMCID: PMC3203446 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.088013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate a wide variety of biological processes in most eukaryotes. We investigated the function and evolution of miR4376 in the family Solanaceae. We report that the 22-nucleotide miR4376 regulates the expression of an autoinhibited Ca(2+)-ATPase, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) ACA10, which plays a critical role in tomato reproductive growth. Deep phylogenetic mapping suggested (1) an evolution course of MIR4376 loci and posttranscriptional processing of pre-miR4376 as a likely limiting step for the evolution of miR4376, (2) an independent phylogenetic origin of the miR4376 target site in ACA10 homologs, and (3) alternative splicing as a possible mechanism of eliminating such a target in some ACA10 homologs. Furthermore, miR4376 triggers the formation of phased small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) from Sl ACA10 and its Solanum tuberosum homolog. Together, our data provide experimental evidence of miRNA-regulated expression of universally important Ca(2+)-ATPases. The miR4376-regulated expression of ACA10 itself, and possibly also the associated formation of phased siRNAs, may function as a novel layer of molecular mechanisms underlying tomato reproductive growth. Finally, our data suggest that the stochastic emergence of a miRNA-target gene combination involves multiple molecular events at the genomic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional levels that may vary drastically in even closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Asuka Itaya
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Xuehua Zhong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Yang Wu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Esther van der Knaap
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University/Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691
| | - Richard Olmstead
- Burke Museum, Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Yijun Qi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206 Beijing, China
| | - Biao Ding
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
- Center for RNA Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Bonza MC, De Michelis MI. The plant Ca2+ -ATPase repertoire: biochemical features and physiological functions. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2011; 13:421-30. [PMID: 21489092 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2010.00405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+)-ATPases are P-type ATPases that use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to pump Ca(2+) from the cytoplasm into intracellular compartments or into the apoplast. Plant cells possess two types of Ca(2+) -pumping ATPase, named ECAs (for ER-type Ca(2+)-ATPase) and ACAs (for auto-inhibited Ca(2+)-ATPase). Each type comprises different isoforms, localised on different membranes. Here, we summarise available knowledge of the biochemical characteristics and the physiological role of plant Ca(2+)-ATPases, greatly improved after gene identification, which allows both biochemical analysis of single isoforms through heterologous expression in yeast and expression profiling and phenotypic analysis of single isoform knock-out mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Bonza
- Dipartimento di Biologia L. Gorini, Università degli Studi di Milano, Istituto di Biofisica del CNR, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Conn SJ, Gilliham M, Athman A, Schreiber AW, Baumann U, Moller I, Cheng NH, Stancombe MA, Hirschi KD, Webb AAR, Burton R, Kaiser BN, Tyerman SD, Leigh RA. Cell-specific vacuolar calcium storage mediated by CAX1 regulates apoplastic calcium concentration, gas exchange, and plant productivity in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:240-57. [PMID: 21258004 PMCID: PMC3051233 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.072769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The physiological role and mechanism of nutrient storage within vacuoles of specific cell types is poorly understood. Transcript profiles from Arabidopsis thaliana leaf cells differing in calcium concentration ([Ca], epidermis <10 mM versus mesophyll >60 mM) were compared using a microarray screen and single-cell quantitative PCR. Three tonoplast-localized Ca(2+) transporters, CAX1 (Ca(2+)/H(+)-antiporter), ACA4, and ACA11 (Ca(2+)-ATPases), were identified as preferentially expressed in Ca-rich mesophyll. Analysis of respective loss-of-function mutants demonstrated that only a mutant that lacked expression of both CAX1 and CAX3, a gene ectopically expressed in leaves upon knockout of CAX1, had reduced mesophyll [Ca]. Reduced capacity for mesophyll Ca accumulation resulted in reduced cell wall extensibility, stomatal aperture, transpiration, CO(2) assimilation, and leaf growth rate; increased transcript abundance of other Ca(2+) transporter genes; altered expression of cell wall-modifying proteins, including members of the pectinmethylesterase, expansin, cellulose synthase, and polygalacturonase families; and higher pectin concentrations and thicker cell walls. We demonstrate that these phenotypes result from altered apoplastic free [Ca(2+)], which is threefold greater in cax1/cax3 than in wild-type plants. We establish CAX1 as a key regulator of apoplastic [Ca(2+)] through compartmentation into mesophyll vacuoles, a mechanism essential for optimal plant function and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Conn
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia
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Ca2+ Pumps and Ca2+ Antiporters in Plant Development. SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION IN PLANTS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14369-4_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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42
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Palmgren MG, Bækgaard L, López-Marqués RL, Fuglsang AT. Plasma Membrane ATPases. THE PLANT PLASMA MEMBRANE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-13431-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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43
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Bonza MC, Luoni L. Plant and animal type 2B Ca2+-ATPases: evidence for a common auto-inhibitory mechanism. FEBS Lett 2010; 584:4783-8. [PMID: 21073872 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant auto-inhibited Ca(2+)-ATPase 8 (ACA8) and animal plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase 4b (PMCA4b) are representatives of plant and animal 2B P-type ATPases with a regulatory auto-inhibitory domain localized at the N- and C-terminus, respectively. To check whether the regulatory domain works independently of its terminal localization and if auto-inhibitory domains of different organisms are interchangeable, a mutant in which the N-terminus of ACA8 is repositioned at the C-terminus and chimeras in which PMCA4b C-terminus is fused to the N- or C-terminus of ACA8 were analysed in the yeast mutant K616 devoid of endogenous Ca(2+)-ATPases. Results show that the regulatory function of the terminal domain is independent from its position in ACA8 and that the regulatory domain belonging to PMCA4b is able to at least partially auto-inhibit ACA8.
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44
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Bonza MC, Martin H, Kang M, Lewis G, Greiner T, Giacometti S, Van Etten JL, De Michelis MI, Thiel G, Moroni A. A functional calcium-transporting ATPase encoded by chlorella viruses. J Gen Virol 2010; 91:2620-9. [PMID: 20573858 PMCID: PMC3052600 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.021873-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium-transporting ATPases (Ca2+ pumps) are major players in maintaining calcium homeostasis in the cell and have been detected in all cellular organisms. Here, we report the identification of two putative Ca2+ pumps, M535L and C785L, encoded by chlorella viruses MT325 and AR158, respectively, and the functional characterization of M535L. Phylogenetic and sequence analyses place the viral proteins in group IIB of P-type ATPases even though they lack a typical feature of this class, a calmodulin-binding domain. A Ca2+ pump gene is present in 45 of 47 viruses tested and is transcribed during virus infection. Complementation analysis of the triple yeast mutant K616 confirmed that M535L transports calcium ions and, unusually for group IIB pumps, also manganese ions. In vitro assays show basal ATPase activity. This activity is inhibited by vanadate, but, unlike that of other Ca2+ pumps, is not significantly stimulated by either calcium or manganese. The enzyme forms a 32P-phosphorylated intermediate, which is inhibited by vanadate and not stimulated by the transported substrate Ca2+, thus confirming the peculiar properties of this viral pump. To our knowledge this is the first report of a functional P-type Ca2+-transporting ATPase encoded by a virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Bonza
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Istituto di Biofisica del CNR, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Kudla J, Batistic O, Hashimoto K. Calcium signals: the lead currency of plant information processing. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:541-63. [PMID: 20354197 PMCID: PMC2861448 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.109.072686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+) signals are core transducers and regulators in many adaptation and developmental processes of plants. Ca(2+) signals are represented by stimulus-specific signatures that result from the concerted action of channels, pumps, and carriers that shape temporally and spatially defined Ca(2+) elevations. Cellular Ca(2+) signals are decoded and transmitted by a toolkit of Ca(2+) binding proteins that relay this information into downstream responses. Major transduction routes of Ca(2+) signaling involve Ca(2+)-regulated kinases mediating phosphorylation events that orchestrate downstream responses or comprise regulation of gene expression via Ca(2+)-regulated transcription factors and Ca(2+)-responsive promoter elements. Here, we review some of the remarkable progress that has been made in recent years, especially in identifying critical components functioning in Ca(2+) signal transduction, both at the single-cell and multicellular level. Despite impressive progress in our understanding of the processing of Ca(2+) signals during the past years, the elucidation of the exact mechanistic principles that underlie the specific recognition and conversion of the cellular Ca(2+) currency into defined changes in protein-protein interaction, protein phosphorylation, and gene expression and thereby establish the specificity in stimulus response coupling remain to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Kudla
- Institut für Botanik, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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46
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Abstract
Ca(2+) signals are a core regulator of plant cell physiology and cellular responses to the environment. The channels, pumps, and carriers that underlie Ca(2+) homeostasis provide the mechanistic basis for generation of Ca(2+) signals by regulating movement of Ca(2+) ions between subcellular compartments and between the cell and its extracellular environment. The information encoded within the Ca(2+) transients is decoded and transmitted by a toolkit of Ca(2+)-binding proteins that regulate transcription via Ca(2+)-responsive promoter elements and that regulate protein phosphorylation. Ca(2+)-signaling networks have architectural structures comparable to scale-free networks and bow tie networks in computing, and these similarities help explain such properties of Ca(2+)-signaling networks as robustness, evolvability, and the ability to process multiple signals simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony N Dodd
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom.
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47
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Bonza MC, Fusca T, Homann U, Thiel G, De Michelis MI. Intracellular localisation of PPI1 (proton pump interactor, isoform 1), a regulatory protein of the plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2009; 11:869-77. [PMID: 19796364 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PPI1 (proton pump interactor isoform 1) is a novel protein able to interact with the C-terminal autoinhibitory domain of the Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane (PM) H(+)-ATPase. In vitro, PPI1 binds the PM H(+)-ATPase in a site different from the known 14-3-3 binding site and stimulates its activity. In this study, we analysed the intracellular localisation of PPI1. The intracellular distribution was monitored in A. thaliana cultured cells by immunolocalisation using an antiserum against the PPI1 N-terminus and in Vicia faba guard cells and epidermal cells by transient expression of a GFP::PPI1 fusion. The results indicate that the bulk of PPI1 is localised at the endoplasmic reticulum, from which it might be recruited to the PM for interaction with the H(+)-ATPase in response to as yet unidentified signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Bonza
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Istituto di Biofisica del CNR-Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy.
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Fusca T, Bonza MC, Luoni L, Meneghelli S, Marrano CA, De Michelis MI. Single point mutations in the small cytoplasmic loop of ACA8, a plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase of Arabidopsis thaliana, generate partially deregulated pumps. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:30881-8. [PMID: 19740735 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.006148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ACA8 is a type 2B Ca(2+)-ATPase having a regulatory N terminus whose auto-inhibitory action can be suppressed by binding of calmodulin (CaM) or of acidic phospholipids. ACA8 N terminus is able to interact with a region of the small cytoplasmic loop connecting transmembrane domains 2 and 3. To determine the role of this interaction in auto-inhibition we analyzed single point mutants produced by mutagenesis of ACA8 Glu(252) to Asn(345) sequence. Mutation to Ala of any of six tested acidic residues (Glu(252), Asp(273), Asp(291), Asp(303), Glu(302), or Asp(332)) renders an enzyme that is less dependent on CaM for activity. These results highlight the relevance in ACA8 auto-inhibition of a negative charge of the surface area of the small cytoplasmic loop. The most deregulated of these mutants is D291A ACA8, which is less activated by controlled proteolysis or by acidic phospholipids; the D291A mutant has an apparent affinity for CaM higher than wild-type ACA8. Moreover, its phenotype is stronger than that of D291N ACA8, suggesting a more direct involvement of this residue in the mechanism of auto-inhibition. Among the other produced mutants (I284A, N286A, P289A, P322A, V344A, and N345A), only P322A ACA8 is less dependent on CaM for activity than the wild type. The results reported in this study provide the first evidence that the small cytoplasmic loop of a type 2B Ca(2+)-ATPase plays a role in the attainment of the auto-inhibited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Fusca
- Dipartimento di Biologia L. Gorini, Università di Milano, Istituto di Biofisica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sezione di Milano, via G. Celoria 26, Milano 20133, Italy
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Qudeimat E, Frank W. Ca2+ signatures: the role of Ca2+-ATPases. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2009; 4:350-2. [PMID: 19794861 PMCID: PMC2664505 DOI: 10.4161/psb.4.4.8218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Calcium ions (Ca2+) are well known signaling molecules in plant signal transduction pathways including the response to abiotic stress. Particular stimuli cause specific transient elevations in cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) with a stimulus-dependent amplitude and temporal pattern. These Ca2+ transients, known as Ca2+ signatures, rely on the counteractive activities of Ca2+-permeable channels and Ca2+-transporting proteins. Whereas the channels causing an increase in [Ca2+]cyt were partly identified, direct evidence for the role of Ca2+-transporting proteins in the determination of Ca2+ signatures was missing. We recently reported on the functional characterization of a stress-responsive PIIB-type Ca2+-ATPase (PCA1) from the moss Physcomitrella patens. This study revealed an essential role of this Ca2+ pump in the adjustment of salt stress tolerance. Most strikingly, the generation of a specific Ca2+ signature in response to salt was abolished in Physcomitrella mutant lines lacking PCA1 activity. Thus, we can provide a direct link for the function of a Ca2+-ATPase in the generation of a specific Ca2+ signature in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas Qudeimat
- Plant Biotechnology; Faculty of Biology; University of Freiburg; Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frank
- Plant Biotechnology; Faculty of Biology; University of Freiburg; Freiburg, Germany
- FRISYS; Faculty of Biology; University of Freiburg; Freiburg, Germany
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Meneghelli S, Fusca T, Luoni L, De Michelis MI. Dual mechanism of activation of plant plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase by acidic phospholipids: evidence for a phospholipid binding site which overlaps the calmodulin-binding site. Mol Membr Biol 2009; 25:539-46. [PMID: 18988067 DOI: 10.1080/09687680802508747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of phospholipids on the activity of isoform ACA8 of Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane (PM) Ca2+-ATPase was evaluated in membranes isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain K616 expressing wild type or mutated ACA8 cDNA. Acidic phospholipids stimulated the basal Ca2+-ATPase activity in the following order of efficiency: phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate > phosphatidylserine > phosphatidylcholine approximately = phosphatidylethanolamine approximately = 0. Acidic phospholipids increased V(max-Ca2+) and lowered the value of K(0.5-Ca2+) below the value measured in the presence of calmodulin (CaM). In the presence of CaM acidic phospholipids activated ACA8 by further decreasing its K(0.5-Ca2+) value. Phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate and, with lower efficiency, phosphatidylserine bound peptides reproducing ACA8 N-terminus (aa 1-116). Single point mutation of three residues (A56, R59 and Y62) within the sequence A56-T63 lowered the apparent affinity of ACA8 for phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate by two to three fold, indicating that this region contains a binding site for acidic phospholipids. However, the N-deleted mutant Delta74-ACA8 was also activated by acidic phospholipids, indicating that acidic phospholipids activate ACA8 through a complex mechanism, involving interaction with different sites. The striking similarity between the response to acidic phospholipids of ACA8 and animal plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase provides new evidence that type 2B Ca2+-ATPases share common regulatory properties independently of structural differences such as the localization of the terminal regulatory region at the N- or C-terminal end of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Meneghelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita di Milano, Istituto di Biofisica del CNR, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
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