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Chen K, Alexander LE, Mahgoub U, Okazaki Y, Higashi Y, Perera AM, Showman LJ, Loneman D, Dennison TS, Lopez M, Claussen R, Peddicord L, Saito K, Lauter N, Dorman KS, Nikolau BJ, Yandeau-Nelson MD. Dynamic relationships among pathways producing hydrocarbons and fatty acids of maize silk cuticular waxes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2234-2255. [PMID: 38537616 PMCID: PMC11213258 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The hydrophobic cuticle is the first line of defense between aerial portions of plants and the external environment. On maize (Zea mays L.) silks, the cuticular cutin matrix is infused with cuticular waxes, consisting of a homologous series of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), aldehydes, and hydrocarbons. Together with VLC fatty-acyl-CoAs (VLCFA-CoAs), these metabolites serve as precursors, intermediates, and end-products of the cuticular wax biosynthetic pathway. To deconvolute the potentially confounding impacts of the change in silk microenvironment and silk development on this pathway, we profiled cuticular waxes on the silks of the inbreds B73 and Mo17, and their reciprocal hybrids. Multivariate interrogation of these metabolite abundance data demonstrates that VLCFA-CoAs and total free VLCFAs are positively correlated with the cuticular wax metabolome, and this metabolome is primarily affected by changes in the silk microenvironment and plant genotype. Moreover, the genotype effect on the pathway explains the increased accumulation of cuticular hydrocarbons with a concomitant reduction in cuticular VLCFA accumulation on B73 silks, suggesting that the conversion of VLCFA-CoAs to hydrocarbons is more effective in B73 than Mo17. Statistical modeling of the ratios between cuticular hydrocarbons and cuticular VLCFAs reveals a significant role of precursor chain length in determining this ratio. This study establishes the complexity of the product-precursor relationships within the silk cuticular wax-producing network by dissecting both the impact of genotype and the allocation of VLCFA-CoA precursors to different biological processes and demonstrates that longer chain VLCFA-CoAs are preferentially utilized for hydrocarbon biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keting Chen
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Liza E Alexander
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Umnia Mahgoub
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Yozo Okazaki
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Higashi
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ann M Perera
- W.M. Keck Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Lucas J Showman
- W.M. Keck Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Derek Loneman
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Tesia S Dennison
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Miriam Lopez
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Reid Claussen
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Layton Peddicord
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Metabolomics Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Nick Lauter
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Karin S Dorman
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Basil J Nikolau
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Marna D Yandeau-Nelson
- Department of Genetics, Development & Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Bioinformatics & Computational Biology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Interdepartmental Genetics & Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Center for Metabolic Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Wu J, Wang Q, Xu C, Lun X, Wang L, Gao Y, Huang L, Zhang Q, Li L, Liu B, Liu H, Xu L. Biogenic volatile organic compounds in forest therapy base: A source of air pollutants or a healthcare function? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172944. [PMID: 38701919 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution poses a significant threat to public health, while biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) play a crucial role in both aspects. However, the unclear relationship between BVOCs and air pollutants in the under-canopy space limits the accuracy of air pollution control and the exploitation of forest healthcare functions. To clarify the variation of BVOCs in forest therapy bases, and their impacts on ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at nose height, total VOCs (TVOCs) in the forest were collected during typical sunny days, while air pollutants and meteorological factors were observed simultaneously. The results showed that the branch-level emissions of P. tabuliformis were dominated by healthcare-effective monoterpenoids, with only α-pinene having relative air concentrations of over 5 % in forest air samples. The correlation between concentrations of under-canopy TVOCs and emission rates of BVOCs from P. tabuliformis was weak (p > 0.09) in all seasons. However, the correlation between concentrations of TVOCs and the concentrations of O3 and PM2.5 showed clear seasonal differences. In spring, TVOCs only showed a significant negative correlation with PM2.5 in the forest (p < 0.01). In summer and autumn, TVOCs were significantly negatively correlated with both O3 (p < 0.001) and PM2.5 (p < 0.01). Specifically, the negative linear relationships were more pronounced for O3 and oxygenated VOCs in autumn (R2 = 0.40, p < 0.001) than for other relationships. The relationship between air pollutant concentrations inside and outside the forest also showed significant seasonal differences, generally characterized by a weaker correlation between them during seasons of strong emissions. Therefore, BVOCs in coniferous forests are health functions as they can provide healthcare effects and mitigate the concentration of air pollutants in the forest, and the establishment of forest therapy bases in rural areas with low NOx can be a sensible approach to promote good health, well-being, and sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory for Forest Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem Research in Arid- and Semi-arid Region of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Chengyang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem Research in Arid- and Semi-arid Region of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoxiu Lun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Luxi Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanshan Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environment Monitoring Center, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environment Monitoring Center, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Baoxian Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology, Beijing Municipal Ecological and Environment Monitoring Center, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Haixuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem Research in Arid- and Semi-arid Region of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lijuan Xu
- Key Laboratory for Forest Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Forest Ecosystem Research in Arid- and Semi-arid Region of State Forestry Administration, Research Center for Urban Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Yang Y, Li Q, Shen Y, Wei R, Lan Y, Wang Q, Lei N, Xie Y. Combined toxic effects of perfluorooctanoic acid and microcystin-LR on submerged macrophytes and biofilms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132193. [PMID: 37549579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and microcystin-LR (MCLR) are pervasive pollutants in surface waters that induce significant toxic effects on aquatic organisms. However, the combined environmental risk of PFOA and MCLR remains unclear. To assess the toxic effects of PFOA and MCLR on submerged macrophytes and biofilms, Vallisneria natans was exposed to different concentrations of PFOA and MCLR (0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 μg L-1). Vallisneria natans was sensitive to high concentrations of MCLR (10 μg L-1): plants exposed to 10 μg L-1 of MCLR measured a biomass of 3.46 g, which was significantly lower than the 8.71 g of the control group. Additionally, antagonistic interactive effects were observed in plants exposed to combined PFOA and MCLR. Exposure to these pollutants adversely affected photosynthesis of the plants and triggered peroxidation that promoted peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and increased malondialdehyde and glutathione concentrations. The total chlorophyll content was lower in the highest concentration of the combined treatment group (0.443 mg g-1) than in the control group (0.534 mg g-1). Peroxidase activity increased from 662.63 U mg-1 Pr to 1193.45 U mg-1 Pr with increasing PFOA concentrations. Metabolomics indicated that the stress tolerance of Vallisneria natans was improved via altered fatty acid metabolism, hormone metabolism and carbon metabolism. Furthermore, PFOA and MCLR influenced the abundance and structure of the microbial community in the biofilms of Vallisneria natans. The increased contents of autoinducer peptide and N-acylated homoserine lactone signaling molecules indicated that these pollutants altered the formation and function of the biofilm. These results expand our understanding of the combined effects of PFOA and MCLR in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixia Yang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China
| | - Qi Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China; Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory, Chengdu 610213, PR China.
| | - Yifan Shen
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China
| | - Renjie Wei
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China
| | - Yiyang Lan
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China
| | | | - Ningfei Lei
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China
| | - Yanhua Xie
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, PR China
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Lin PA, Kansman J, Chuang WP, Robert C, Erb M, Felton GW. Water availability and plant-herbivore interactions. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2811-2828. [PMID: 36477789 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Water is essential to plant growth and drives plant evolution and interactions with other organisms such as herbivores. However, water availability fluctuates, and these fluctuations are intensified by climate change. How plant water availability influences plant-herbivore interactions in the future is an important question in basic and applied ecology. Here we summarize and synthesize the recent discoveries on the impact of water availability on plant antiherbivore defense ecology and the underlying physiological processes. Water deficit tends to enhance plant resistance and escape traits (i.e. early phenology) against herbivory but negatively affects other defense strategies, including indirect defense and tolerance. However, exceptions are sometimes observed in specific plant-herbivore species pairs. We discuss the effect of water availability on species interactions associated with plants and herbivores from individual to community levels and how these interactions drive plant evolution. Although water stress and many other abiotic stresses are predicted to increase in intensity and frequency due to climate change, we identify a significant lack of study on the interactive impact of additional abiotic stressors on water-plant-herbivore interactions. This review summarizes critical knowledge gaps and informs possible future research directions in water-plant-herbivore interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-An Lin
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jessica Kansman
- Department of Entomology, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Wen-Po Chuang
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gary W Felton
- Department of Entomology, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Wei W, Yang YY, Lakshmanan P, Kuang JF, Lu WJ, Pang XQ, Chen JY, Shan W. Proteasomal degradation of MaMYB60 mediated by the E3 ligase MaBAH1 causes high temperature-induced repression of chlorophyll catabolism and green ripening in banana. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:1408-1428. [PMID: 36748200 PMCID: PMC10118274 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Banana (Musa acuminata) fruits ripening at 30 °C or above fail to develop yellow peels; this phenomenon, called green ripening, greatly reduces their marketability. The regulatory mechanism underpinning high temperature-induced green ripening remains unknown. Here we decoded a transcriptional and post-translational regulatory module that causes green ripening in banana. Banana fruits ripening at 30 °C showed greatly reduced expression of 5 chlorophyll catabolic genes (CCGs), MaNYC1 (NONYELLOW COLORING 1), MaPPH (PHEOPHYTINASE), MaTIC55 (TRANSLOCON AT THE INNER ENVELOPE MEMBRANE OF CHLOROPLASTS 55), MaSGR1 (STAY-GREEN 1), and MaSGR2 (STAY-GREEN 2), compared to those ripening at 20 °C. We identified a MYB transcription factor, MaMYB60, that activated the expression of all 5 CCGs by directly binding to their promoters during banana ripening at 20 °C, while showing a weaker activation at 30 °C. At high temperatures, MaMYB60 was degraded. We discovered a RING-type E3 ligase MaBAH1 (benzoic acid hypersensitive 1) that ubiquitinated MaMYB60 during green ripening and targeted it for proteasomal degradation. MaBAH1 thus facilitated MaMYB60 degradation and attenuated MaMYB60-induced transactivation of CCGs and chlorophyll degradation. By contrast, MaMYB60 upregulation increased CCG expression, accelerated chlorophyll degradation, and mitigated green ripening. Collectively, our findings unravel a dynamic, temperature-responsive MaBAH1-MaMYB60-CCG module that regulates chlorophyll catabolism, and the molecular mechanism underpinning green ripening in banana. This study also advances our understanding of plant responses to high-temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ying-ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Prakash Lakshmanan
- Sugarcane Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Jian-fei Kuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wang-jin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xue-qun Pang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jian-ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wei Shan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Postharvest Science of Fruits and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center of Southern Horticultural Products Preservation, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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van Dijk LJA, Regazzoni EDE, Albrectsen BR, Ehrlén J, Abdelfattah A, Stenlund H, Pawlowski K, Tack AJM. Single, but not dual, attack by a biotrophic pathogen and a sap-sucking insect affects the oak leaf metabolome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:897186. [PMID: 35991442 PMCID: PMC9381920 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants interact with a multitude of microorganisms and insects, both below- and above ground, which might influence plant metabolism. Despite this, we lack knowledge of the impact of natural soil communities and multiple aboveground attackers on the metabolic responses of plants, and whether plant metabolic responses to single attack can predict responses to dual attack. We used untargeted metabolic fingerprinting (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS) on leaves of the pedunculate oak, Quercus robur, to assess the metabolic response to different soil microbiomes and aboveground single and dual attack by oak powdery mildew (Erysiphe alphitoides) and the common oak aphid (Tuberculatus annulatus). Distinct soil microbiomes were not associated with differences in the metabolic profile of oak seedling leaves. Single attacks by aphids or mildew had pronounced but different effects on the oak leaf metabolome, but we detected no difference between the metabolomes of healthy seedlings and seedlings attacked by both aphids and powdery mildew. Our findings show that aboveground attackers can have species-specific and non-additive effects on the leaf metabolome of oak. The lack of a metabolic signature detected by GC-MS upon dual attack might suggest the existence of a potential negative feedback, and highlights the importance of considering the impacts of multiple attackers to gain mechanistic insights into the ecology and evolution of species interactions and the structure of plant-associated communities, as well as for the development of sustainable strategies to control agricultural pests and diseases and plant breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J. A. van Dijk
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilia D. E. Regazzoni
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Ehrlén
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Abdelfattah
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Hans Stenlund
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Katharina Pawlowski
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ayco J. M. Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lin PA, Chen Y, Ponce G, Acevedo FE, Lynch JP, Anderson CT, Ali JG, Felton GW. Stomata-mediated interactions between plants, herbivores, and the environment. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:287-300. [PMID: 34580024 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stomata play a central role in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Existing knowledge regarding the roles of stomata in plant stress is centered on abiotic stresses and plant-pathogen interactions, but how stomata influence plant-herbivore interactions remains largely unclear. Here, we summarize the functions of stomata in plant-insect interactions and highlight recent discoveries of how herbivores manipulate plant stomata. Because stomata are linked to interrelated physiological processes in plants, herbivory-induced changes in stomatal dynamics might have cellular, organismic, and/or even community-level impacts. We summarize our current understanding of how stomata mediate plant responses to herbivory and environmental stimuli, propose how herbivores may influence these responses, and identify key knowledge gaps in plant-herbivore interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-An Lin
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA.
| | - Yintong Chen
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Gabriela Ponce
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Flor E Acevedo
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lynch
- Department of Plant Science, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Jared G Ali
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Gary W Felton
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
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iTRAQ-based quantitative proteome analysis insights into cold stress of Winter Rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.) grown in the field. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23434. [PMID: 34873178 PMCID: PMC8648733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Winter rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.) is a major oilseed crop in Northern China, where its production was severely affected by chilling and freezing stress. However, not much is known about the role of differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) during the chilling and freezing stress. In this study, isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology was performed to identify DAPs under freezing stress. To explore the molecular mechanisms of cold stress tolerance at the cellular and protein levels, the morphological and physiological differences in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) of two winter rapeseed varieties, Longyou 7 (cold-tolerant) and Lenox (cold-sensitive), were explored in field-grown plants. Compared to Lenox, Longyou 7 had a lower SAM height and higher collar diameter. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content was also decreased. Simultaneously, the soluble sugars (SS) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peroxidase (POD) activity, soluble protein (SP) content, and collar diameter were increased in Longyou 7 as compared to Lenox. A total of 6330 proteins were identified. Among this, 98, 107, 183 and 111 DAPs were expressed in L7 CK/Le CK, L7 d/Le d, Le d/Le CK and L7 d/L7 CK, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis of the coding genes for seventeen randomly selected DAPs was performed for validation. These DAPs were identified based on gene ontology enrichment analysis, which revealed that glutathione transferase activity, carbohydrate-binding, glutathione binding, metabolic process, and IAA response were closely associated with the cold stress response. In addition, some cold-induced proteins, such as glutathione S-transferase phi 2(GSTF2), might play an essential role during cold acclimation in the SAM of Brassica rapa. The present study provides valuable information on the involvement of DAPs during cold stress responses in Brassica rapa L, and hence could be used for breeding experiments.
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9
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Yang N, Jiang W, Jiang B, Liu J, Liu Y, Wang H, Guo X, Tang Z. Cotyledon loss of Astragalus membranaceus hindered seedling establishment through mineral element reallocation and carbohydrate depletion. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:481-491. [PMID: 34425393 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tissue loss of plants caused by herbivores is very common in nature. As the storage and first photosynthetic organ, the loss of cotyledon severely impacts dicot seedling establishment and the subsequent growth. However, it is still not clear how plants adjust their metabolic strategy in response to cotyledon loss. In this study, we employed ICP-OES, GC and LC-MS to examine the effects of cotyledon removal (RC1: remove one cotyledon, RC2: remove two cotyledon) on mineral element distribution and metabolite changes in a traditional Chinese herbal plant, Astragalus membranaceus. The results showed that cotyledon removal had a greater effect on shoot than root growth. Specifically, RC2 revealed a more serious impact on shoot growth than RC1. Microelement Mn and Na in shoot increased more in RC2 than RC1. Macroelement K and microelement B in root increased in RC2. The metabolite results in shoot showed that sugars related to galactose metabolism reduced while amino acids significantly increased in RC2. In root, sugars related to fructose and mannose metabolism decreased in both RC1 and RC2 while most flavonoids increased in RC2. It can be concluded that cotyledon removal triggered different metabolic strategies in both root and shoot. In shoot, more Mn was absorbed to improve the lowered photosynthetic efficiency. Meanwhile, increased Na may have promoted carbohydrate consumption and amino acid synthesis, thereby maintaining shoot growth. In root, K and B participation in cell division and expansion increased, as well as the delivery and metabolism of carbohydrates, to maintain root system growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wanting Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Harbin Customs Technology Center, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Hongzheng Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Xiaorui Guo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Zhonghua Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
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10
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Cotrozzi L, Conti B, Lorenzini G, Pellegrini E, Nali C. In the tripartite combination ozone-poplar-Chrysomela populi, the pollutant alters the plant-insect interaction via primary metabolites of foliage. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111581. [PMID: 34174255 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3)-induced metabolic changes in leaves are relevant and may have several ecological significances. Here, variations in foliar chemistry of two poplar clones (Populus deltoides × maximowiczii, Eridano, and P. × euramericana, I-214) under a chronic O3 treatment (80 ppb, 5 h d-1 for 10 consecutive days) were investigated. The aim was to elucidate if leaf age and/or O3-sensitivity (considering Eridano and I-214 as O3-sensitive and O3-resistant, respectively) can affect suitability of poplar foliage for Chrysomela populi L. (Coleoptera Chrysomelidae), in terms of palatability. Comparing controls, only low amino acid (AA) contents were reported in Eridano [about 3- and 4-fold in mature and young leaves (ML and YL, respectively)], and all the investigated primary metabolites [i.e. water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), proteins (Prot) and AA] were higher in YL than in ML of I-214 (+23, +54 and + 20%, respectively). Ozone increased WSC only in YL of Eridano (+24%, i.e. highest values among samples; O3 effects are always reported comparing O3-treated plants with the related controls). A concomitant decrease of Prot was observed in both ML and YL of Eridano, while only in YL of I-214 (-41, -45 and -51%, respectively). In addition, O3 decreased AA in YL of Eridano and in ML of I-214 (-40 and -14%, respectively). Comparing plants maintained under charcoal-filtered air, total ascorbate (Asc) was lower in Eridano in both ML and YL (around -22%), and abscisic acid (ABA) was similar between clones; furthermore, higher levels of Asc were reported in YL than in ML of Eridano (+19%). Ozone increased Asc and ABA (about 2- and 3-fold, respectively) in both ML and YL of Eridano, as well as ABA in YL of I-214 (about 2-fold). Comparing leaves maintained under charcoal-filtered air, the choice feeding test showed that the 2nd instar larvae preferred YL, and the quantity of YL consumed was 9 and 4-fold higher than ML in Eridano and I-214, respectively. Comparing leaves exposed to O3-treatment, a significant feeding preference for YL disks was also observed, regardless of the clone. The no-choice feeding test showed that larval growth was slightly higher on untreated YL than on untreated ML (+19 and + 10% in Eridano and I-214, respectively). The body mass of larvae fed with O3-treated YL was also significantly higher than that of larvae fed with untreated YL (3- and 2-fold in Eridano and I-214). This study highlights that realistic O3 concentrations can significantly impact the host/insect interactions, a phenomenon dependent on leaf age and O3-sensitivity of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cotrozzi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Conti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Lorenzini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Pellegrini
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Cristina Nali
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy; CIRSEC, Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via Del Borghetto 80, I-56124, Pisa, Italy
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11
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Fan X. Gaseous ozone to preserve quality and enhance microbial safety of fresh produce: Recent developments and research needs. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:4993-5014. [PMID: 34323365 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fresh fruits and vegetables are highly perishable and are subject to large postharvest losses due to physiological (senescence), pathologic (decay), and physical (mechanical damage) factors. In addition, contamination of fresh produce with foodborne human pathogens has become a concern. Gaseous ozone has multiple benefits including destruction of ethylene, inactivation of foodborne and spoilage microorganisms, and degradation of chemical residues. This article reviews the beneficial effects of gaseous ozone, its influence on quality and biochemical changes, foodborne human pathogens, and spoilage microorganisms, and discusses research needs with an emphasis on fruits. Ozone may induce synthesis of a number of antioxidants and bioactive compounds by activating secondary metabolisms involving a wide range of enzymes. Disparities exist in the literature regarding the impact of gaseous ozone on quality and physiological processes of fresh produce, such as weight loss, ascorbic acid, and fruit ripening. The disparities are complicated by incomplete reporting of the necessary information, such as relative humidity and temperatures at which ozone measurement and treatment were performed, which is needed for accurate comparison of results among studies. In order to fully realize the benefits of gaseous ozone, research is needed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of gaseous ozone in inhibiting ripening, influence of relative humidity on the antimicrobial efficacy, interaction between ozone and the cuticle of fresh produce, ozone signaling pathways in the cells and tissues, and so forth. Possible adverse effects of gaseous ozone on quality of fresh produce also need to be carefully evaluated for the purpose of enhancing microbial and chemical safety of fresh produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetong Fan
- Eastern Regional Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Kask K, Kaurilind E, Talts E, Kännaste A, Niinemets Ü. Combined Acute Ozone and Water Stress Alters the Quantitative Relationships between O 3 Uptake, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Volatile Emissions in Brassica nigra. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113114. [PMID: 34070994 PMCID: PMC8197083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone (O3) entry into plant leaves depends on atmospheric O3 concentration, exposure time and openness of stomata. O3 negatively impacts photosynthesis rate (A) and might induce the release of reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can quench O3, and thereby partly ameliorate O3 stress. Water stress reduces stomatal conductance (gs) and O3 uptake and can affect VOC release and O3 quenching by VOC, but the interactive effects of O3 exposure and water stress, as possibly mediated by VOC, are poorly understood. Well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) Brassica nigra plants were exposed to 250 and 550 ppb O3 for 1 h, and O3 uptake rates, photosynthetic characteristics and VOC emissions were measured through 22 h recovery. The highest O3 uptake was observed in WW plants exposed to 550 ppb O3 with the greatest reduction and poorest recovery of gs and A, and elicitation of lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway volatiles 10 min-1.5 h after exposure indicating cellular damage. Ozone uptake was similar in 250 ppb WW and 550 ppb WS plants and, in both treatments, O3-dependent reduction in photosynthetic characteristics was moderate and fully reversible, and VOC emissions were little affected. Water stress alone did not affect the total amount and composition of VOC emissions. The results indicate that drought ameliorated O3 stress by reducing O3 uptake through stomatal closure and the two stresses operated in an antagonistic manner in B. nigra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaia Kask
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Eve Kaurilind
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
| | - Eero Talts
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
| | - Astrid Kännaste
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (E.K.); (E.T.); (A.K.); (Ü.N.)
- Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia
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13
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Jeon J, Baek SA, Kim NS, Sathasivam R, Park JS, Kim JK, Park SU. Elevated Ozone Levels Affect Metabolites and Related Biosynthetic Genes in Tartary Buckwheat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14758-14767. [PMID: 33264023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change and the industrial revolution have increased the concentration of tropospheric ozone, a photochemical air pollutant that can negatively affect plant growth and crop production. In the present study, we investigated the effects of O3 on the metabolites and transcripts of tartary buckwheat. A total of 36 metabolites were identified by gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and principal component analysis was performed to verify the metabolic differences between nontreated and O3-treated tartary buckwheat. The content of threonic acid increased after 2 days of the O3 treatment, whereas it decreased after 4 days of exposure, after which it gradually increased until the eighth day of exposure. In addition, the levels of most metabolites decreased significantly after the O3 treatment. On the contrary, the levels of two anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, increased more than 11.36- and 11.43-fold, respectively, after the O3 treatment. To assess the effect of O3 on the genomic level, we analyzed the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes in O3-treated and nontreated buckwheat using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found that the expression of all anthocyanin pathway genes increased significantly in the O3-treated buckwheat compared to that in the nontreated buckwheat. Altogether, our results suggested that O3 affected the transcripts and metabolites of tartary buckwheat, which would eventually cause phenotypic changes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jeon
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Seung-A Baek
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Nam Su Kim
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Ramaraj Sathasivam
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jong Seok Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
- Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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14
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Khaling E, Agyei T, Jokinen S, Holopainen JK, Blande JD. The phytotoxic air-pollutant O 3 enhances the emission of herbivore-induced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and affects the susceptibility of black mustard plants to pest attack. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:115030. [PMID: 32806411 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stress-induced changes to plant biochemistry and physiology can influence plant nutritional quality and subsequent interactions with herbivorous pests. However, the effects of stress combinations are unpredictable and differ to the effects of individual stressors. Here we studied the effects of exposure to the phytotoxic air-pollutant ozone (O3), feeding by larvae of the large cabbage white butterfly (Pieris brassicae), and a combination of the two stresses, on the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by black mustard plants (Brassica nigra) under field and laboratory conditions. Field-grown B. nigra plants were also measured for carbon-nitrogen (C-N) content, net photosynthetic activity (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and biomass. The effects of O3 on interactions between plants and a herbivorous pest were addressed by monitoring the abundance of wild diamondback moth larvae (Plutella xylostella) and feeding-damage to B. nigra plants in an O3-free air concentration enrichment (O3-FACE) field site. Herbivore-feeding induced the emission of VOCs that were not emitted by undamaged plants, both under field and laboratory conditions. The combination of O3 and herbivore-feeding stresses resulted in enhanced emission rates of several VOCs from field-grown plants. Short-term O3 exposure (of 10 days) and P. brassicae-feeding did not affect C-N content, but chronic O3 exposure (of 34 and 47 days) and P. brassicae-feeding exacerbated suppression of Pn. Ozone exposure also caused visible injury and decreased the plant biomass. Field-grown B. nigra under elevated O3 were infested with fewer P. xylostella larvae and received significantly less feeding damage. Our results suggest that plants growing in a moderately polluted environment may be of reduced quality and less attractive to foraging herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliezer Khaling
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Thomas Agyei
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Simo Jokinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jarmo K Holopainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - James D Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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15
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Brosset A, Saunier A, Kivimäenpää M, Blande JD. Does ozone exposure affect herbivore-induced plant volatile emissions differently in wild and cultivated plants? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30448-30459. [PMID: 32468369 PMCID: PMC7378123 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of tropospheric ozone have more than doubled in the Northern Hemisphere since pre-industrial times. Plant responses to single abiotic or biotic stresses, such as ozone exposure and herbivore-feeding, have received substantial attention, especially for cultivated plants. Modern cultivated plants have been subjected to selective breeding that has altered plant chemical defences. To understand how ozone might affect plant responses to herbivore-feeding in wild and cultivated plants, we studied the volatile emissions of brassicaceous plants after exposure to ambient (~ 15 ppb) or elevated ozone (80 ppb), with and without Plutella xylostella larvae-feeding. Results indicated that most of the wild and cultivated plants increased volatile emissions in response to herbivore-feeding. Ozone alone had a weaker and less consistent effect on volatile emissions, but appeared to have a greater effect on wild plants than cultivated plants. This study highlights that closely related species of the Brassicaceae have variable responses to ozone and herbivore-feeding stresses and indicates that the effect of ozone may be stronger in wild than cultivated plants. Further studies should investigate the mechanisms by which elevated ozone modulates plant volatile emissions in conjunction with biotic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Brosset
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Amélie Saunier
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna Kivimäenpää
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - James D Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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16
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Du W, Liu X, Zhao L, Xu Y, Yin Y, Wu J, Ji R, Sun Y, Guo H. Response of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) to perfluorooctanoic acid in photosynthesis and metabolomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 724:138257. [PMID: 32247119 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A mechanistic understanding of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) toxicity to plants is essential for future risk assessment of PFOA in agricultural soil. In this study, soil-grown cucumber (Cucumis sativus) was exposed to 0, 0.2, and 5 mg/kg of PFOA for 60 days. At harvest, contaminant accumulation, cucumber biomass, photosynthesis profiles and metabolites were measured. Results showed that PFOA depressed cucumber biomass and accumulated highest in leaves. Photosynthesis analysis revealed that PFOA at both doses reduced the chlorophyll contents and net photosynthesis rate of cucumber leaves. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based non-targeted metabolomics revealed that PFOA induced metabolic reprogramming in cucumber leaves, including up-regulation of phenols (at 0.2 and 5 mg/kg) and down-regulation of amino acids (at 5 mg/kg), indicating disrupted nitrogen and carbon metabolism. Results revealed how PFOA represses plant growth by down-regulating photosynthetic pigments and disturbing the metabolism of carbohydroxides, phenols and amino acids. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in plant responses to PFOA-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Du
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yanwen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jichun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Surficial Geochemistry, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hongyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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17
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Yin J, Li X, Guo H, Zhang J, Kong L, Ren W. Legacy effects of historical grazing alter leaf stomatal characteristics in progeny plants. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9266. [PMID: 32596041 PMCID: PMC7305771 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Grazing, one of the primary utilization modes of grassland, is the main cause of grassland degradation. Historical overgrazing results in dwarf phenotype and decreased photosynthesis of perennial plants. However, it remains unknown what the mechanism underlying of this legacy effect is, and the role of stomata in the resulting decreased photosynthesis also remains unclear. To address these questions, differences in stomatal density, length and width on both adaxial and abaxial epidermis were compared between overgrazing and ungrazed Leymus chinensis offspring by using rhizome buds cultivated in a greenhouse, and the correlation between photosynthetic capacity and stomatal behavior was also investigated. Our results showed that historical grazing significantly impacted phenotype, photosynthesis and stomatal traits of L. chinensis. The offspring plants taken from overgrazed parents were dwarfed compared to those taken from ungrazed parents, and the photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of plants with a grazing history decreased by 28.6% and 21.3%, respectively. In addition, stomatal density and length on adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces were significantly increased; however, stomatal width on abaxial leaf surfaces of overgrazed L. chinensis was significantly decreased compared with ungrazed individuals. Moreover, the expression patterns of eight genes related to stomatal regulation were tested: seven were down-regulated (2-18 times) and one was up-regulated (three times). Genes, involved in ABC transporter and receptor-like serine/threonine protein kinase were down-regulated. These results suggest that legacy effects of historical grazing affect the stomatal conductance by decreasing the stomatal width in progeny plants, which thus results in lower photosynthesis. Furthermore, changes of stomatal traits and function were regulated by the inhibition of ABC transporter and serine/threonine protein kinase. These findings are helpful for future exploration of the possible mechanisms underlying the response of grassland plants to long-term overgrazing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Yin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiliang Li
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Huiqin Guo
- School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jize Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Lingqi Kong
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Weibo Ren
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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18
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Papazian S, Blande JD. Dynamics of plant responses to combinations of air pollutants. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22 Suppl 1:68-83. [PMID: 30584692 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The focus of this review is on how plants respond to combinations of multiple air pollutants. Global pollution trends, plant physiological responses and ecological perspectives in natural and agricultural systems are all discussed. In particular, we highlight the importance of studying sequential or simultaneous exposure of plants to pollutants, rather than exposure to individual pollutants in isolation, and explore how these responses may interfere with the way plants interact with their biotic community. Air pollutants can alter the normal physiology and metabolic functioning of plants. Here we describe how the phenotypic and molecular changes in response to multiple pollutants can differ compared to those elicited by single pollutants, and how different responses have been observed between plants in the field and in controlled laboratory conditions and between trees and crop plants. From an ecological perspective, we discuss how air pollution can result in greater susceptibility to biotic stressors and in direct or indirect effects on interactions with organisms that occupy higher trophic levels. Finally, we provide an overview of the potential uses of plants to mitigate air pollution, exploring the feasibility for pollution removal via the processes of bio-accumulation and phytoremediation. We conclude by proposing some new directions for future research in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Papazian
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J D Blande
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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19
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Papazian S, Girdwood T, Wessels BA, Poelman EH, Dicke M, Moritz T, Albrectsen BR. Leaf metabolic signatures induced by real and simulated herbivory in black mustard (Brassica nigra). Metabolomics 2019; 15:130. [PMID: 31563978 PMCID: PMC6765471 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The oxylipin methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is a plant hormone active in response signalling and defence against herbivores. Although MeJA is applied experimentally to mimic herbivory and induce plant defences, its downstream effects on the plant metabolome are largely uncharacterized, especially in the context of primary growth and tissue-specificity of the response. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of MeJA-simulated and real caterpillar herbivory on the foliar metabolome of the wild plant Brassica nigra and monitored the herbivore-induced responses in relation to leaf ontogeny. METHODS As single or multiple herbivory treatments, MeJA- and mock-sprayed plants were consecutively exposed to caterpillars or left untreated. Gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (TOF-MS) were combined to analyse foliar compounds, including central primary and specialized defensive plant metabolites. RESULTS Plant responses were stronger in young leaves, which simultaneously induced higher chlorophyll levels. Both MeJA and caterpillar herbivory induced similar, but not identical, accumulation of tricarboxylic acids (TCAs), glucosinolates (GSLs) and phenylpropanoids (PPs), but only caterpillar feeding led to depletion of amino acids. MeJA followed by caterpillars caused higher induction of defence compounds, including a three-fold increase in the major defence compound allyl-GSL (sinigrin). When feeding on MeJA-treated plants, caterpillars gained less weight indicative of the reduced host-plant quality and enhanced resistance. CONCLUSIONS The metabolomics approach showed that plant responses induced by herbivory extend beyond the regulation of defence metabolism and are tightly modulated throughout leaf development. This leads to a new understanding of the plant metabolic potential that can be exploited for future plant protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Papazian
- 0000 0001 1034 3451grid.12650.30Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University (Umeå Plant Science Centre), 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tristan Girdwood
- 0000 0001 1034 3451grid.12650.30Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University (Umeå Plant Science Centre), 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bernard A. Wessels
- 0000 0001 1034 3451grid.12650.30Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University (Umeå Plant Science Centre), 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Erik H. Poelman
- 0000 0001 0791 5666grid.4818.5Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- 0000 0001 0791 5666grid.4818.5Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Moritz
- 0000 0000 8578 2742grid.6341.0Department of Forest Genetic and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (Umeå Plant Science Centre), 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Benedicte R. Albrectsen
- 0000 0001 1034 3451grid.12650.30Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University (Umeå Plant Science Centre), 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Zhang J, Li Y, Guo J, Du B, He G, Zhang Y, Chen R, Li J. Lipid profiles reveal different responses to brown planthopper infestation for pest susceptible and resistant rice plants. Metabolomics 2018; 14:120. [PMID: 30830454 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brown planthopper (BPH) is the most destructive insect pest for rice, causing major reductions in rice yield and large economic losses. More than 31 BPH-resistance genes have been located, and several of them have been isolated. Nevertheless, the metabolic mechanism related to BPH-resistance genes remain uncharacterized. OBJECTIVES To elucidate the resistance mechanism of the BPH-resistance gene Bph6 at the metabolic level, a Bph6-transgenic line R6 (BPH-resistant) and the wild-type Nipponbare (BPH-susceptible) were used to investigate their lipid profiles under control and BPH treatments. METHODS In conjunction with multivariate statistical analysis and quantitative real-time PCR, BPH-induced lipid changes in leaf blade and leaf sheath were investigated by GC-MS-based lipidomics. RESULTS Forty-five lipids were identified in leaf sheath extracts. Leaf sheath lipidomics analysis results show that BPH infestation induces significant differences in the lipid profiles of Nipponbare and R6. The levels of hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, linoleic acid, methyl ester, linolenic acid, methyl ester, glycidyl palmitate, eicosanoic acid, methyl ester, docosanoic acid, methyl ester, beta-monolinolein, campesterol, beta-sitosterol, cycloartenol, phytol and phytyl acetate had undergone enormous changes after BPH feeding. These results illustrate that BPH feeding enhances sterol biosynthetic pathway in Nipponbare plants, and strengthens wax biosynthesis and phytol metabolism in R6 plants. The results of quantitative real-time PCR of 5 relevant genes were consistent with the changes in metabolic level. Forty-five lipids were identified in the leaf blade extracts. BPH infestation induces distinct changes in the lipid profiles of the leaf blade samples of Nipponbare and R6. Although the lipid changes in Nipponbare are more drastic, the changes within the two varieties are similar. Lipid profiles in leaf sheath brought out significant differences than in leaf blade within Nipponbare and R6. We propose that Bph6 mainly affects the levels of lipids in leaf sheath, and mediates resistance by deploying metabolic re-programming during BPH feeding. CONCLUSION The results indicate that wax biosynthesis, sterol biosynthetic pathway and phytol metabolism play vital roles in rice response to BPH infestation. This finding demonstrated that the combination of lipidomics and quantitative real-time PCR is an effective approach to elucidating the interactions between brown planthopper and rice mediated by resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Guangcun He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Rongzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Jiaru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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Guo Q, Major IT, Howe GA. Resolution of growth-defense conflict: mechanistic insights from jasmonate signaling. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 44:72-81. [PMID: 29555489 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Induced plant resistance depends on the production of specialized metabolites that repel attack by biotic aggressors and is often associated with reduced growth of vegetative tissues. Despite progress in understanding the signal transduction networks that control growth-defense tradeoffs, much remains to be learned about how growth rate is coordinated with changes in metabolism during growth-to-defense transitions. Here, we highlight recent advances in jasmonate research to suggest how a major branch of plant immunity is dynamically regulated to calibrate growth-defense balance with shifts in carbon availability. We review evidence that diminished growth, as an integral facet of induced resistance, may optimize the temporal and spatial expression of defense compounds without compromising other critical roles of central metabolism. New insights into the evolution of jasmonate signaling further suggest that opposing selective pressures associated with too much or too little defense may have shaped the emergence of a modular jasmonate pathway that integrates primary and specialized metabolism through the control of repressor-transcription factor complexes. A better understanding of the mechanistic basis of growth-defense balance has important implications for boosting plant productivity, including insights into how these tradeoffs may be uncoupled for agricultural improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Guo
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Ian T Major
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Gregg A Howe
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Terpene Composition Complexity Controls Secondary Organic Aerosol Yields from Scots Pine Volatile Emissions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3053. [PMID: 29445182 PMCID: PMC5813208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) impact climate by scattering and absorbing radiation and contributing to cloud formation. SOA models are based on studies of simplified chemical systems that do not account for the chemical complexity in the atmosphere. This study investigated SOA formation from a mixture of real Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) emissions including a variety of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. SOA generation was characterized from different combinations of volatile compounds as the plant emissions were altered with an herbivore stress treatment. During active herbivore feeding, monoterpene and sesquiterpene emissions increased, but SOA mass yields decreased after accounting for absorption effects. SOA mass yields were controlled by sesquiterpene emissions in healthy plants. In contrast, SOA mass yields from stressed plant emissions were controlled by the specific blend of monoterpene emissions. Conservative estimates using a box model approach showed a 1.5- to 2.3-fold aerosol enhancement when the terpene complexity was taken into account. This enhancement was relative to the commonly used model monoterpene, “α-pinene”. These results suggest that simplifying terpene complexity in SOA models could lead to underpredictions in aerosol mass loading.
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Ponzio C, Papazian S, Albrectsen BR, Dicke M, Gols R. Dual herbivore attack and herbivore density affect metabolic profiles of Brassica nigra leaves. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2017; 40:1356-1367. [PMID: 28155236 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to dual herbivore attack are increasingly studied, but effects on the metabolome have largely been restricted to volatile metabolites and defence-related non-volatile metabolites. However, plants subjected to stress, such as herbivory, undergo major changes in both primary and secondary metabolism. Using a naturally occurring system, we investigated metabolome-wide effects of single or dual herbivory on Brassica nigra plants by Brevicoryne brassicae aphids and Pieris brassicae caterpillars, while also considering the effect of aphid density. Metabolomic analysis of leaf material showed that single and dual herbivory had strong effects on the plant metabolome, with caterpillar feeding having the strongest influence. Additionally, aphid-density-dependent effects were found in both the single and dual infestation scenarios. Multivariate analysis revealed treatment-specific metabolomic profiles, and effects were largely driven by alterations in the glucosinolate and sugar pools. Our work shows that analysing the plant metabolome as a single entity rather than as individual metabolites provides new insights into the subcellular processes underlying plant defence against multiple herbivore attackers. These processes appear to be importantly influenced by insect density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ponzio
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Papazian
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Benedicte R Albrectsen
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rieta Gols
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Bonnet C, Lassueur S, Ponzio C, Gols R, Dicke M, Reymond P. Combined biotic stresses trigger similar transcriptomic responses but contrasting resistance against a chewing herbivore in Brassica nigra. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:127. [PMID: 28716054 PMCID: PMC5513356 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1074-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In nature, plants are frequently exposed to simultaneous biotic stresses that activate distinct and often antagonistic defense signaling pathways. How plants integrate this information and whether they prioritize one stress over the other is not well understood. RESULTS We investigated the transcriptome signature of the wild annual crucifer, Brassica nigra, in response to eggs and caterpillars of Pieris brassicae butterflies, Brevicoryne brassicae aphids and the bacterial phytopathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani (Xcr). Pretreatment with egg extract, aphids, or Xcr had a weak impact on the subsequent transcriptome profile of plants challenged with caterpillars, suggesting that the second stress dominates the transcriptional response. Nevertheless, P. brassicae larval performance was strongly affected by egg extract or Xcr pretreatment and depended on the site where the initial stress was applied. Although egg extract and Xcr pretreatments inhibited insect-induced defense gene expression, suggesting salicylic acid (SA)/jasmonic acid (JA) pathway cross talk, this was not strictly correlated with larval performance. CONCLUSION These results emphasize the need to better integrate plant responses at different levels of biological organization and to consider localized effects in order to predict the consequence of multiple stresses on plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Bonnet
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Steve Lassueur
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Camille Ponzio
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rieta Gols
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Reymond
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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