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Kalemba EM, Gevaert K, Impens F, Dufour S, Czerwoniec A. The association of protein-bound methionine sulfoxide with proteomic basis for aging in beech seeds. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:377. [PMID: 38714916 PMCID: PMC11077735 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) trees produce seeds irregularly; therefore, it is necessary to store beech seeds for forestation. Despite the acquisition of desiccation tolerance during development, beech seeds are classified as intermediate because they lose viability during long-term storage faster than typical orthodox seeds. In this study, beech seeds stored for short (3 years) or long (20 years) periods under optimal conditions and displaying 92 and 30% germination capacity, respectively, were compared. RESULTS Aged seeds displayed increased membrane damage, manifested as electrolyte leakage and lipid peroxidation levels. Analyses have been based on embryonic axes, which contained higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and higher levels of protein-bound methionine sulfoxide (MetO) in aged seeds. Using label-free quantitative proteomics, 3,949 proteins were identified, of which 2,442 were reliably quantified pointing to 24 more abundant proteins and 35 less abundant proteins in beech seeds under long-term storage conditions. Functional analyses based on gene ontology annotations revealed that nucleic acid binding activity (molecular function), ribosome organization or biogenesis and transmembrane transport (cellular processes), translational proteins (protein class) and membranous anatomical entities (cellular compartment) were affected in aged seeds. To verify whether MetO, the oxidative posttranslational modification of proteins that can be reversed via the action of methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) enzymes, is involved in the aging of beech seeds, we identified and quantified 226 MetO-containing proteins, among which 9 and 19 exhibited significantly up- and downregulated MetO levels, respectively, in beech seeds under long-term storage conditions. Several Msr isoforms were identified and recognized as MsrA1-like, MsrA4, MsrB5 and MsrB5-like in beech seeds. Only MsrA1-like displayed decreased abundance in aged seeds. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the loss of membrane integrity reflected in the elevated abundance of membrane proteins had a higher impact on seed aging progress than the MetO/Msr system. Proteome analyses enabled us to propose protein Sec61 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase as potential longevity modulators in beech seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Marzena Kalemba
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, Kórnik, 62-035, Poland.
| | - Kris Gevaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
| | - Sara Dufour
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
- VIB Proteomics Core, VIB, Ghent, B-9052, Belgium
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Li Z, Shi L, Lin X, Tang B, Xing M, Zhu H. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Malate Dehydrogenase Gene Family in Sweet Potato and Its Two Diploid Relatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16549. [PMID: 38068872 PMCID: PMC10706315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Malate dehydrogenase (MDH; EC 1.1.1.37) plays a vital role in plant growth and development as well as abiotic stress responses, and it is widely present in plants. However, the MDH family genes have not been explored in sweet potato. In this study, nine, ten, and ten MDH genes in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) and its two diploid wild relatives, Ipomoea trifida and Ipomoea triloba, respectively, were identified. These MDH genes were unevenly distributed on seven different chromosomes among the three species. The gene duplications and nucleotide substitution analysis (Ka/Ks) revealed that the MDH genes went through segmental duplications during their evolution under purifying selection. A phylogenetic and conserved structure divided these MDH genes into five subgroups. An expression analysis indicated that the MDH genes were omni-presently expressed in distinct tissues and responded to various abiotic stresses. A transcription factor prediction analysis proved that Dof, MADS-box, and MYB were the main transcription factors of sweet potato MDH genes. These findings provide molecular features of the MDH family in sweet potato and its two diploid wild relatives, which further supports functional characterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hongbo Zhu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (Z.L.); (L.S.); (X.L.); (B.T.); (M.X.)
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3
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Aliyeva DR, Gurbanova UA, Rzayev FH, Gasimov EK, Huseynova IM. Biochemical and Ultrastructural Changes in Wheat Plants during Drought Stress. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1944-1955. [PMID: 38105211 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923110226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Drought severely slows down plant growth, decreases crop yield, and affects various physiological processes in plants. We examined four local bread wheat cultivars with different drought tolerance (drought-tolerant Zirva 85 and Murov 2 and drought-sensitive Aran and Gyzyl bughda cultivars). Leaves from seedlings of drought-tolerant plants demonstrated higher activity of antioxidant enzymes and lower levels of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. The content of soluble proteins in drought-exposed increased, possibly due to the stress-induced activation of gene expression and protein synthesis. Drought-exposed Zirva 85 plants exhibited an elevated activity of nitrogen and carbon metabolism enzymes. Ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy showed drought-induced damage to mesophyll cells and chloroplast membranes, although it was manifested less in the drought-tolerant cultivars. Comparative analysis of the activity of metabolic and antioxidant enzymes, as well as observed ultrastructural changes in drought-exposed plants revealed that the response to drought of seedlings was more pronounced in drought-tolerant cultivars. These findings can be used in further studies of drought stress in wheat plants under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durna R Aliyeva
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, AZ1073, Azerbaijan.
| | - Ulduza A Gurbanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, AZ1073, Azerbaijan.
| | - Fuad H Rzayev
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy of the Scientific Research Center of Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, AZ1078, Azerbaijan.
| | - Eldar K Gasimov
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cytology, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, AZ1078, Azerbaijan.
| | - Irada M Huseynova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, AZ1073, Azerbaijan.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Baku State University, Baku, AZ1148, Azerbaijan
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Le NT. Metabolic regulation of endothelial senescence. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1232681. [PMID: 37649668 PMCID: PMC10464912 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1232681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) senescence is increasingly recognized as a significant contributor to the development of vascular dysfunction and age-related disorders and diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The regulation of cellular senescence is known to be influenced by cellular metabolism. While extensive research has been conducted on the metabolic regulation of senescence in other cells such as cancer cells and fibroblasts, our understanding of the metabolic regulation of EC senescence remains limited. The specific metabolic changes that drive EC senescence are yet to be fully elucidated. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the intricate interplay between cellular metabolism and senescence, with a particular emphasis on recent advancements in understanding the metabolic changes preceding cellular senescence. I will summarize the current knowledge on the metabolic regulation of EC senescence, aiming to offer insights into the underlying mechanisms and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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Singh J, Garai S, Das S, Thakur JK, Tripathy BC. Role of C4 photosynthetic enzyme isoforms in C3 plants and their potential applications in improving agronomic traits in crops. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 154:233-258. [PMID: 36309625 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As compared to C3, C4 plants have higher photosynthetic rates and better tolerance to high temperature and drought. These traits are highly beneficial in the current scenario of global warming. Interestingly, all the genes of the C4 photosynthetic pathway are present in C3 plants, although they are involved in diverse non-photosynthetic functions. Non-photosynthetic isoforms of carbonic anhydrase (CA), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), the decarboxylating enzymes NAD/NADP-malic enzyme (NAD/NADP-ME), and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and finally pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) catalyze reactions that are essential for major plant metabolism pathways, such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, maintenance of cellular pH, uptake of nutrients and their assimilation. Consistent with this view differential expression pattern of these non-photosynthetic C3 isoforms has been observed in different tissues across the plant developmental stages, such as germination, grain filling, and leaf senescence. Also abundance of these C3 isoforms is increased considerably in response to environmental fluctuations particularly during abiotic stress. Here we review the vital roles played by C3 isoforms of C4 enzymes and the probable mechanisms by which they help plants in acclimation to adverse growth conditions. Further, their potential applications to increase the agronomic trait value of C3 crops is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitender Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India.
| | - Sampurna Garai
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shubhashis Das
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar Thakur
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Zhang B, Chen Z, Sun Q, Liu J. Proteome-wide analyses reveal diverse functions of protein acetylation and succinylation modifications in fast growing stolons of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:503. [PMID: 36289454 PMCID: PMC9608919 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03885-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) is an important warm-season turfgrass species with well-developed stolons, which lay the foundation for the fast propagation of bermudagrass plants through asexual clonal growth. However, the growth and development of bermudagrass stolons are still poorly understood at the molecular level. RESULTS In this study, we comprehensively analyzed the acetylation and succinylation modifications of proteins in fast-growing stolons of the bermudagrass cultivar Yangjiang. A total of 4657 lysine acetylation sites on 1914 proteins and 226 lysine succinylation sites on 128 proteins were successfully identified using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. Furthermore, 78 proteins and 81 lysine sites were found to be both acetylated and succinylated. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that acetylated proteins regulate diverse reactions of carbohydrate metabolism and protein turnover, whereas succinylated proteins mainly regulate the citrate cycle. These results partly explained the different growth disturbances of bermudagrass stolons under treatment with sodium butyrate and sodium malonate, which interfere with protein acetylation and succinylation, respectively. Moreover, 140 acetylated proteins and 42 succinylated proteins were further characterized having similarly modified orthologs in other grass species. Site-specific mutations combined with enzymatic activity assays indicated that the conserved acetylation of catalase and succinylation of malate dehydrogenase both inhibited their activities, further implying important regulatory roles of the two modifications. CONCLUSION In summary, our study implied that lysine acetylation and succinylation of proteins possibly play important regulatory roles in the fast growth of bermudagrass stolons. The results not only provide new insights into clonal growth of bermudagrass but also offer a rich resource for functional analyses of protein lysine acetylation and succinylation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Zhuoting Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qixue Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jianxiu Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
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Zhou L, Lu L, Chen C, Zhou T, Wu Q, Wen F, Chen J, Pritchard HW, Peng C, Pei J, Yan J. Comparative changes in sugars and lipids show evidence of a critical node for regeneration in safflower seeds during aging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1020478. [PMID: 36388552 PMCID: PMC9661361 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1020478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
During seed aging, there is a critical node (CN) where the population viability drops sharply. Exploring the specific locations of the CN in different species of plants is crucial for understanding the biological storage properties of seeds and refining seed life span management. Safflower, a bulk oil crop that relies on seeds for propagation, has a short seed life. However, at present, its biological characteristics during storage are not clear, especially the changes in metabolic capability and cell structures. Such knowledge is needed to improve the management of safflower seed life span and effective preservation in gene banks. Here, the seed survival curve of oilseed safflower under the controlled deterioration conditions of 60% relative humidity and 50°C was detected. The seed population showed an inverted S shape for the fall in germination. In the first 12 days of aging, germination remained above 86%. Prior to the CN at approximately day 10 (C10), when viability was in the "plateau" interval, seed vigor reduced at the same imbibition time point. Further analysis of the changes in sugar concentration found that the sucrose content decreased slowly with aging and the content of raffinose and two monosaccharides decreased abruptly at C10. Differentially metabolized lipids, namely lysophospholipids [lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lyso-phosphatidylethanolamines (LPE)] and PMeOH, increased at day 3 of aging (C3). Fatty acid content increased by C6, and the content of phospholipids [phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), and phosphatidylinositols (PI) and glycolipids [digalactosyl diacylglycerol, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, and sulphoquinovosyl diglycerides (SQDG)] decreased significantly from C10. In addition, the activities of raffinose hydrolase alpha-galactosidase and the glyoxylate key enzyme isocitrate lyase decreased with seed aging. Confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed shrinkage of the seed plasma membrane at C10 and the later fragmentation. Seedling phenotypic indicators and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride activity assays also verified that there were significant changes in seeds quality at the CN. In summary, the time point C10 is a CN during seed population aging. Before the CN, sugar and lipid metabolism, especially fatty acid metabolism into sugar, can make up for the energy consumed by aging. After this point, the seeds were irreversibly damaged, and their viability was greatly and rapidly reduced as the cell structure became increasingly destroyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lijie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qinghua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Feiyan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hugh W. Pritchard
- Department of Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Wakehurst, Ardingly, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Kunming Yunnan, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Identification and Characterization of Malate Dehydrogenases in Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710028. [PMID: 36077425 PMCID: PMC9456053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Malate dehydrogenase, which facilitates the reversible conversion of malate to oxaloacetate, is essential for energy balance, plant growth, and cold and salt tolerance. However, the genome-wide study of the MDH family has not yet been carried out in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). In this study, 12 MDH genes were identified from the S. lycopersicum genome and renamed according to their chromosomal location. The tomato MDH genes were split into five groups based on phylogenetic analysis and the genes that clustered together showed similar lengths, and structures, and conserved motifs in the encoded proteins. From the 12 tomato MDH genes on the chromosomes, three pairs of segmental duplication events involving four genes were found. Each pair of genes had a Ka/Ks ratio < 1, indicating that the MDH gene family of tomato was purified during evolution. Gene expression analysis exhibited that tomato MDHs were differentially expressed in different tissues, at various stages of fruit development, and differentially regulated in response to abiotic stresses. Molecular docking of four highly expressed MDHs revealed their substrate and co-factor specificity in the reversible conversion process of malate to oxaloacetate. Further, co-localization of tomato MDH genes with quantitative trait loci (QTL) of salt stress-related phenotypes revealed their broader functions in salt stress tolerance. This study lays the foundation for functional analysis of MDH genes and genetic improvement in tomato.
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Van Aken O. Mitochondrial redox systems as central hubs in plant metabolism and signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:36-52. [PMID: 33624829 PMCID: PMC8154082 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant mitochondria are indispensable for plant metabolism and are tightly integrated into cellular homeostasis. This review provides an update on the latest research concerning the organization and operation of plant mitochondrial redox systems, and how they affect cellular metabolism and signaling, plant development, and stress responses. New insights into the organization and operation of mitochondrial energy systems such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial electron transport chain (mtETC) are discussed. The mtETC produces reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which can act as signals or lead to cellular damage, and are thus efficiently removed by mitochondrial antioxidant systems, including Mn-superoxide dismutase, ascorbate-glutathione cycle, and thioredoxin-dependent peroxidases. Plant mitochondria are tightly connected with photosynthesis, photorespiration, and cytosolic metabolism, thereby providing redox-balancing. Mitochondrial proteins are targets of extensive post-translational modifications, but their functional significance and how they are added or removed remains unclear. To operate in sync with the whole cell, mitochondria can communicate their functional status via mitochondrial retrograde signaling to change nuclear gene expression, and several recent breakthroughs here are discussed. At a whole organism level, plant mitochondria thus play crucial roles from the first minutes after seed imbibition, supporting meristem activity, growth, and fertility, until senescence of darkened and aged tissue. Finally, plant mitochondria are tightly integrated with cellular and organismal responses to environmental challenges such as drought, salinity, heat, and submergence, but also threats posed by pathogens. Both the major recent advances and outstanding questions are reviewed, which may help future research efforts on plant mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Van Aken
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Author for communication:
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Chen Y, Fu Z, Zhang H, Tian R, Yang H, Sun C, Wang L, Zhang W, Guo Z, Zhang X, Tang J. Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase 4 modulates cellular energetics and storage reserve accumulation in maize endosperm. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2420-2435. [PMID: 32436613 PMCID: PMC7680550 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (MDH) is a key enzyme that regulates the interconversion between malate and oxaloacetate (OAA). However, its role in modulating storage compound accumulation in maize endosperm is largely unknown. Here, we characterized a novel naturally occurring maize mdh4-1 mutant, which produces small, opaque kernels and exhibits reduced starch but enhanced lysine content. Map-based cloning, functional complementation and allelism analyses identified ZmMdh4 as the causal gene. Enzymatic assays demonstrated that ZmMDH4 predominantly catalyses the conversion from OAA to malate. In comparison, the activity of the mutant enzyme, which lacks one glutamic acid (Glu), was completed abolished, demonstrating that the Glu residue was essential for ZmMDH4 function. Knocking down ZmMdh4 in vivo led to a substantial metabolic shift towards glycolysis and a dramatic disruption in the activity of the mitochondrial complex I, which was correlated with transcriptomic alterations. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ZmMdh4 regulates the balance between mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, ATP production and endosperm development, through a yet unknown feedback regulatory mechanism in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhiyuan Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Runmiao Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Huili Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Canran Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Lulin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Wen Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhanyong Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jihua Tang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crops Science/Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops/College of AgronomyHenan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhouChina
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Conserved and Opposite Transcriptome Patterns during Germination in Hordeum vulgare and Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197404. [PMID: 33036486 PMCID: PMC7584043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed germination is a critical process for completion of the plant life cycle and for global food production. Comparing the germination transcriptomes of barley (Hordeum vulgare) to Arabidopsis thaliana revealed the overall pattern was conserved in terms of functional gene ontology; however, many oppositely responsive orthologous genes were identified. Conserved processes included a set of approximately 6000 genes that peaked early in germination and were enriched in processes associated with RNA metabolism, e.g., pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR)-containing proteins. Comparison of orthologous genes revealed more than 3000 orthogroups containing almost 4000 genes that displayed similar expression patterns including functions associated with mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, carbohydrate and RNA/DNA metabolism, autophagy, protein modifications, and organellar function. Biochemical and proteomic analyses indicated mitochondrial biogenesis occurred early in germination, but detailed analyses revealed the timing involved in mitochondrial biogenesis may vary between species. More than 1800 orthogroups representing 2000 genes displayed opposite patterns in transcript abundance, representing functions of energy (carbohydrate) metabolism, photosynthesis, protein synthesis and degradation, and gene regulation. Differences in expression of basic-leucine zippers (bZIPs) and Apetala 2 (AP2)/ethylene-responsive element binding proteins (EREBPs) point to differences in regulatory processes at a high level, which provide opportunities to modify processes in order to enhance grain quality, germination, and storage as needed for different uses.
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Yu X, Tang W, Yang Y, Zhang J, Lu Y. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Revealing the Different Germination Process in Aryloxyphenoxypropionate-Resistant and APP-Susceptible Asia Minor Bluegrass ( Polypogon fugax). PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091191. [PMID: 32932586 PMCID: PMC7569813 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Herbicide-resistant mutations are predicted to exhibit fitness cost under herbicide-free conditions. Asia minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax) is a common weed species in the winter crops. Our previous study established a P. fugax accession (LR) resistant to aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP) herbicides, which also exhibited germination delay relative to the susceptible accession (LS). A comparative transcriptome was conducted to analyze the gene expression profile of LS and LR at two germination time points. A total of 11,856 and 23,123 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were respectively identified in LS and LR. Most DEGs were involved in lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and secondary metabolites biosynthesis. Twenty-four genes involved in carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism had higher relative expression levels in LS than LR during germination. Nine genes involved in gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signal transduction showed different expression patterns in LS and LR, consistent with their different sensitivity to exogenous hormones treatments. This study first provided insight into transcriptional changes and interaction in the seed germination process of P. fugax. It compared the differential expression profile between APP herbicides resistance and susceptible accessions during germination, which contributed to understanding the association between herbicide resistance and fitness cost.
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Foster KJ, Miklavcic SJ. A Comprehensive Biophysical Model of Ion and Water Transport in Plant Roots. III. Quantifying the Energy Costs of Ion Transport in Salt-Stressed Roots of Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:865. [PMID: 32719693 PMCID: PMC7348042 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress defense mechanisms in plant roots, such as active Na+ efflux and storage, require energy in the form of ATP. Understanding the energy required for these transport mechanisms is an important step toward achieving an understanding of salt tolerance. However, accurate measurements of the fluxes required to estimate these energy costs are difficult to achieve by experimental means. As a result, the magnitude of the energy costs of ion transport in salt-stressed roots relative to the available energy is unclear, as are the relative contributions of different defense mechanisms to the total cost. We used mathematical modeling to address three key questions about the energy costs of ion transport in salt-stressed Arabidopsis roots: are the energy requirements calculated on the basis of flux data feasible; which transport steps are the main contributors to the total energy costs; and which transport processes could be altered to minimize the total energy costs? Using our biophysical model of ion and water transport we calculated the energy expended in the trans-plasma membrane and trans-tonoplast transport of Na+, K+, Cl-, and H+ in different regions of a salt-stressed model Arabidopsis root. Our calculated energy costs exceeded experimental estimates of the energy supplied by root respiration for high external NaCl concentrations. We found that Na+ exclusion from, and Cl- uptake into, the outer root were the major contributors to the total energy expended. Reducing the leakage of Na+ and the active uptake of Cl- across outer root plasma membranes would lower energy costs while enhancing exclusion of these ions. The high energy cost of ion transport in roots demonstrates that the energetic consequences of altering ion transport processes should be considered when attempting to improve salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stanley J. Miklavcic
- Phenomics and Bioinformatics Research Centre, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, WA, Australia
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14
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Zhu K, Zhang W, Sarwa R, Xu S, Li K, Yang Y, Li Y, Wang Z, Cao J, Li Y, Tan X. Proteomic analysis of a clavata-like phenotype mutant in Brassica napus. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 43:e20190305. [PMID: 32154828 PMCID: PMC7198001 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2019-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed is one of important oil crops in China. Better understanding of the
regulation network of main agronomic traits of rapeseed could improve the
yielding of rapeseed. In this study, we obtained an influrescence mutant that
showed a fusion phenotype, similar with the Arabidopsis
clavata-like phenotype, so we named the mutant as
Bnclavata-like (Bnclv-like). Phenotype
analysis illustrated that abnormal development of the inflorescence meristem
(IM) led to the fused-inflorescence phenotype. At the stage of protein
abundance, major regulators in metabolic processes, ROS metabolism, and
cytoskeleton formation were seen to be altered in this mutant. These results not
only revealed the relationship between biological processes and inflorescence
meristem development, but also suggest bioengineering strategies for the
improved breeding and production of Brassica napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keming Zhu
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.,Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rehman Sarwa
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaixia Li
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhua Yang
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulong Li
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaoming Li
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Tan
- Jiangsu University, Institute of Life Sciences, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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15
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Xia F, Cheng H, Chen L, Zhu H, Mao P, Wang M. Influence of exogenous ascorbic acid and glutathione priming on mitochondrial structural and functional systems to alleviate aging damage in oat seeds. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:104. [PMID: 32138669 PMCID: PMC7059392 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2321-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of vigor caused by seed aging adversely affects agricultural production under natural conditions. However, priming is an economical and effective method for improving the vigor of aged seeds. The objective of this study was to test the effectiveness of exogenous ascorbic acid (ASC) and glutathione (GSH) priming in the repairing of aged oat (Avena sativa) seeds, and to test the hypothesis that structural and functional systems in mitochondria were involved in this process. RESULTS Oat seeds were artificially aged for 20 days at 45 °C, and were primed with solutions (1 mmol L- 1) of ASC, GSH, or ASC + GSH at 20 °C for 0.5 h before or after their aging. Seed germination, antioxidant enzymes in the ASC-GSH cycle, cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activities, and the mitochondrial ultrastructures of the embryonic root cells were markedly improved in aged oat seeds through post-priming with ASC, GSH, or ASC + GSH, while their malondialdehyde and H2O2 contents decreased significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our results suggested that priming with ASC, GSH, or ASC + GSH after aging could effectively alleviate aging damage in oat seeds, and that the role of ASC was more effective than GSH, but positive effects of post-priming with ASC and GSH were not superior to post-priming with ASC in repairing aging damage of aged oat seeds. However, pre-priming with ASC, GSH, or ASC + GSH was not effective in oat seeds, suggesting that pre-priming with ASC, GSH, or ASC + GSH could not inhibit the occurrence of aging damage in oat seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangshan Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 China
- Forage Seed Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, No 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian Distr, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Hang Cheng
- Forage Seed Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, No 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian Distr, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Lingling Chen
- Forage Seed Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, No 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian Distr, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Huisen Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 China
| | - Peisheng Mao
- Forage Seed Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, No 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian Distr, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Mingya Wang
- Forage Seed Laboratory/Beijing Key Laboratory of Grassland Science, China Agricultural University, No 2, Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian Distr, Beijing, 100193 China
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16
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Stavrinides AK, Dussert S, Combes MC, Fock-Bastide I, Severac D, Minier J, Bastos-Siqueira A, Demolombe V, Hem S, Lashermes P, Joët T. Seed comparative genomics in three coffee species identify desiccation tolerance mechanisms in intermediate seeds. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1418-1433. [PMID: 31790120 PMCID: PMC7031068 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to desiccation-tolerant 'orthodox' seeds, so-called 'intermediate' seeds cannot survive complete drying and are short-lived. All species of the genus Coffea produce intermediate seeds, but they show a considerable variability in seed desiccation tolerance (DT), which may help to decipher the molecular basis of seed DT in plants. We performed a comparative transcriptome analysis of developing seeds in three coffee species with contrasting desiccation tolerance. Seeds of all species shared a major transcriptional switch during late maturation that governs a general slow-down of metabolism. However, numerous key stress-related genes, including those coding for the late embryogenesis abundant protein EM6 and the osmosensitive calcium channel ERD4, were up-regulated during DT acquisition in the two species with high seed DT, C. arabica and C. eugenioides. By contrast, we detected up-regulation of numerous genes involved in the metabolism, transport, and perception of auxin in C. canephora seeds with low DT. Moreover, species with high DT showed a stronger down-regulation of the mitochondrial machinery dedicated to the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Accordingly, respiration measurements during seed dehydration demonstrated that intermediate seeds with the highest DT are better prepared to cease respiration and avoid oxidative stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dany Severac
- MGX-Montpellier GenomiX, c/o Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | | | | | - Vincent Demolombe
- BPMP, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sonia Hem
- BPMP, CNRS, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Thierry Joët
- IRD, Université Montpellier, UMR DIADE, Montpellier, France
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17
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Nan N, Wang J, Shi Y, Qian Y, Jiang L, Huang S, Liu Y, Wu Y, Liu B, Xu Z. Rice plastidial NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase 1 negatively regulates salt stress response by reducing the vitamin B6 content. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:172-184. [PMID: 31161713 PMCID: PMC6920159 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is an important environmental factor that adversely impacts crop growth and productivity. Malate dehydrogenases (MDHs) catalyse the reversible interconversion of malate and oxaloacetate using NAD(H)/NADP(H) as a cofactor and regulate plant development and abiotic stress tolerance. Vitamin B6 functions as an essential cofactor in enzymatic reactions involved in numerous cellular processes. However, the role of plastidial MDH in rice (Oryza sativa) in salt stress response by altering vitamin B6 content remains unknown. In this study, we identified a new loss-of-function osmdh1 mutant displaying salt stress-tolerant phenotype. The OsMDH1 was expressed in different tissues of rice plants including leaf, leaf sheath, panicle, glume, bud, root and stem and was induced in the presence of NaCl. Transient expression of OsMDH1-GFP in rice protoplasts showed that OsMDH1 localizes to chloroplast. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsMDH1 (OsMDH1OX) displayed a salt stress-sensitive phenotype. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolic profiling revealed that the amount of pyridoxine was significantly reduced in OsMDH1OX lines compared with the NIP plants. Moreover, the pyridoxine content was higher in the osmdh1 mutant and lower in OsMDH1OX plants than in the NIP plants under the salt stress, indicating that OsMDH1 negatively regulates salt stress-induced pyridoxine accumulation. Furthermore, genome-wide RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis indicated that ectopic expression of OsMDH1 altered the expression level of genes encoding key enzymes of the vitamin B6 biosynthesis pathway, possibly reducing the level of pyridoxine. Together, our results establish a novel, negative regulatory role of OsMDH1 in salt stress tolerance by affecting vitamin B6 content of rice tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Nan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yuejie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yangwen Qian
- Biogle Genome Editing CenterChangzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina
| | - Long Jiang
- School of AgronomyJilin College of Agricultural Science & TechnologyJilinChina
| | - Shuangzhan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Yutong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Zheng‐Yi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE)Northeast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
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18
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Qiu C, Sun J, Wang Y, Sun L, Xie H, Ding Y, Qian W, Ding Z. First nitrosoproteomic profiling deciphers the cysteine S-nitrosylation involved in multiple metabolic pathways of tea leaves. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17525. [PMID: 31772286 PMCID: PMC6879589 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine S-nitrosylation is a reversible protein post-translational modification and critically regulates the activity, localization and stability of proteins. Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is one of the most thoroughly studied evergreen crop due to its broad non-alcoholic beverage and huge economic impact in the world. However, little is known about the S-nitrosylome in this plant. Here, we performed a global analysis of cysteine S-nitrosylation in tea leaves. In total, 228 cysteine S-nitrosylation sites were identified in 191 proteins, representing the first extensive data on the S-nitrosylome in tea plants. These S-nitrosylated proteins were located in various subcellular compartments, especially in the chloroplast and cytoplasm. Furthermore, the analysis of functional enrichment and PPI network revealed that the S-nitrosylated proteins were mainly involved in multiple metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, Calvin cycle and TCA cycle. Overall, this study not only systematically identified the proteins of S-nitrosylation in cysteines of tea leaves, but also laid the solid foundation for further verifying the roles of S-nitrosylation in cysteines of tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qiu
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jianhao Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Litao Sun
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yiqian Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjun Qian
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaotang Ding
- Tea Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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19
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Wu X, Han Y, Zhu X, Shah A, Wang W, Sheng Y, Fan T, Cao S. Negative regulation of cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis by MMDH2. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:507-516. [PMID: 31617145 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00923-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
MMDH2 gene negatively regulates Cd tolerance by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the ROS-mediated signaling, thus, affecting the expression of PDR8. The molecular mechanism by which plants respond to stress caused by cadmium (Cd), one of the most toxic heavy metals to plants, is not well understood. Here, we show that MMDH2, a gene encoding mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, is involved in Cd stress tolerance in Arabidopsis. The expression of MMDH2 was repressed by Cd stress. The mmdh2 knockdown mutants showed enhanced Cd tolerance, while the MMDH2-overexpressing lines were sensitive to Cd. Under normal and Cd stress conditions, lower H2O2 levels were detected in mmdh2 mutant plants than in wild-type plants. In contrast, higher H2O2 levels were found in MMDH2-overexpressing lines, and they were negatively correlated with malondialdehyde levels. In addition, the expression of the PDR8, a gene encoding a Cd efflux pump, increased and decreased in the mmdh2 mutant and MMDH2-overexpressing lines, in association with lower and higher Cd concentrations, respectively. These results suggest that the MMDH2 gene negatively regulates Cd tolerance by modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the ROS-mediated signaling, thus, affecting the expression of PDR8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yangyang Han
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Alia Shah
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Yibao Sheng
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Shuqing Cao
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
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20
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Teng X, Zhong M, Zhu X, Wang C, Ren Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Jiang L, Wang D, Hao Y, Wu M, Zhu J, Zhang X, Guo X, Wang Y, Wan J. FLOURY ENDOSPERM16 encoding a NAD-dependent cytosolic malate dehydrogenase plays an important role in starch synthesis and seed development in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2019; 17:1914-1927. [PMID: 30860317 PMCID: PMC6737025 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Starch is the most important form of energy storage in cereal crops. Many key enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis have been identified. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of starch biosynthesis are largely unknown. In this study, we isolated a novel floury endosperm rice (Oryza sativa) mutant flo16 with defective starch grain (SG) formation. The amylose content and amylopectin structure were both altered in the flo16 mutant. Map-based cloning and complementation tests demonstrated that FLO16 encodes a NAD-dependent cytosolic malate dehydrogenase (CMDH). The ATP contents were decreased in the mutant, resulting in significant reductions in the activity of starch synthesis-related enzymes. Our results indicated that FLO16 plays a critical role in redox homeostasis that is important for compound SG formation and subsequent starch biosynthesis in rice endosperm. Overexpression of FLO16 significantly improved grain weight, suggesting a possible application of FLO16 in rice breeding. These findings provide a novel insight into the regulation of starch synthesis and seed development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Teng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research CenterNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mingsheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research CenterNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xiaopin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research CenterNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Chunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research CenterNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yulong Ren
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yunlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research CenterNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research CenterNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research CenterNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research CenterNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yuanyuan Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research CenterNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Mingming Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research CenterNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jianping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research CenterNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research CenterNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementJiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research CenterNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingChina
- National Key Facility for Crop Resources and Genetic ImprovementInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina
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21
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Boussardon C, Martin-Magniette ML, Godin B, Benamar A, Vittrant B, Citerne S, Mary-Huard T, Macherel D, Rajjou L, Budar F. Novel Cytonuclear Combinations Modify Arabidopsis thaliana Seed Physiology and Vigor. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:32. [PMID: 30804952 PMCID: PMC6370702 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Dormancy and germination vigor are complex traits of primary importance for adaptation and agriculture. Intraspecific variation in cytoplasmic genomes and cytonuclear interactions were previously reported to affect germination in Arabidopsis using novel cytonuclear combinations that disrupt co-adaptation between natural variants of nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes. However, specific aspects of dormancy and germination vigor were not thoroughly explored, nor the parental contributions to the genetic effects. Here, we specifically assessed dormancy, germination performance and longevity of seeds from Arabidopsis plants with natural and new genomic compositions. All three traits were modified by cytonuclear reshuffling. Both depth and release rate of dormancy could be modified by a changing of cytoplasm. Significant changes on dormancy and germination performance due to specific cytonuclear interacting combinations mainly occurred in opposite directions, consistent with the idea that a single physiological consequence of the new genetic combination affected both traits oppositely. However, this was not always the case. Interestingly, the ability of parental accessions to contribute to significant cytonuclear interactions modifying the germination phenotype was different depending on whether they provided the nuclear or cytoplasmic genetic compartment. The observed deleterious effects of novel cytonuclear combinations (in comparison with the nuclear parent) were consistent with a contribution of cytonuclear interactions to germination adaptive phenotypes. More surprisingly, we also observed favorable effects of novel cytonuclear combinations, suggesting suboptimal genetic combinations exist in natural populations for these traits. Reduced sensitivity to exogenous ABA and faster endogenous ABA decay during germination were observed in a novel cytonuclear combination that also exhibited enhanced longevity and better germination performance, compared to its natural nuclear parent. Taken together, our results strongly support that cytoplasmic genomes represent an additional resource of natural variation for breeding seed vigor traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Boussardon
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Marie-Laure Martin-Magniette
- UMR MIA-Paris, AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay, France
| | - Béatrice Godin
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Abdelilah Benamar
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d’Angers, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1345, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Benjamin Vittrant
- UMR MIA-Paris, AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Citerne
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Tristan Mary-Huard
- UMR MIA-Paris, AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
- GQE – Le Moulon, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université Paris-Sud, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - David Macherel
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d’Angers, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1345, SFR 4207 QUASAV, Angers, France
| | - Loïc Rajjou
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Françoise Budar
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
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22
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Selinski J, Scheibe R. Malate valves: old shuttles with new perspectives. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2019; 21 Suppl 1:21-30. [PMID: 29933514 PMCID: PMC6586076 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Malate valves act as powerful systems for balancing the ATP/NAD(P)H ratio required in various subcellular compartments in plant cells. As components of malate valves, isoforms of malate dehydrogenases (MDHs) and dicarboxylate translocators catalyse the reversible interconversion of malate and oxaloacetate and their transport. Depending on the co-enzyme specificity of the MDH isoforms, either NADH or NADPH can be transported indirectly. Arabidopsis thaliana possesses nine genes encoding MDH isoenzymes. Activities of NAD-dependent MDHs have been detected in mitochondria, peroxisomes, cytosol and plastids. In addition, chloroplasts possess a NADP-dependent MDH isoform. The NADP-MDH as part of the 'light malate valve' plays an important role as a poising mechanism to adjust the ATP/NADPH ratio in the stroma. Its activity is strictly regulated by post-translational redox-modification mediated via the ferredoxin-thioredoxin system and fine control via the NADP+ /NADP(H) ratio, thereby maintaining redox homeostasis under changing conditions. In contrast, the plastid NAD-MDH ('dark malate valve') is constitutively active and its lack leads to failure in early embryo development. While redox regulation of the main cytosolic MDH isoform has been shown, knowledge about regulation of the other two cytosolic MDHs as well as NAD-MDH isoforms from peroxisomes and mitochondria is still lacking. Knockout mutants lacking the isoforms from chloroplasts, mitochondria and peroxisomes have been characterised, but not much is known about cytosolic NAD-MDH isoforms and their role in planta. This review updates the current knowledge on MDH isoforms and the shuttle systems for intercompartmental dicarboxylate exchange, focusing on the various metabolic functions of these valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Selinski
- Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil ScienceAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologySchool of Life ScienceLa Trobe University BundooraBundooraAustralia
| | - R. Scheibe
- Division of Plant PhysiologyDepartment of Biology/ChemistryUniversity of OsnabrueckOsnabrueckGermany
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23
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Li QF, Wang JD, Xiong M, Wei K, Zhou P, Huang LC, Zhang CQ, Fan XL, Liu QQ. iTRAQ-Based Analysis of Proteins Co-Regulated by Brassinosteroids and Gibberellins in Rice Embryos during Seed Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113460. [PMID: 30400353 PMCID: PMC6274883 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed germination, a pivotal process in higher plants, is precisely regulated by various external and internal stimuli, including brassinosteroid (BR) and gibberellin (GA) phytohormones. The molecular mechanisms of crosstalk between BRs and GAs in regulating plant growth are well established. However, whether BRs interact with GAs to coordinate seed germination remains unknown, as do their common downstream targets. In the present study, 45 differentially expressed proteins responding to both BR and GA deficiency were identified using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) proteomic analysis during seed germination. The results indicate that crosstalk between BRs and GAs participates in seed germination, at least in part, by modulating the same set of responsive proteins. Moreover, most targets exhibited concordant changes in response to BR and GA deficiency, and gene ontology (GO) indicated that most possess catalytic activity and are involved in various metabolic processes. Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) analysis was used to construct a regulatory network of downstream proteins mediating BR- and GA-regulated seed germination. The mutation of GRP, one representative target, notably suppressed seed germination. Our findings not only provide critical clues for validating BR–GA crosstalk during rice seed germination, but also help to optimise molecular regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jin-Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Min Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Ke Wei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Peng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Li-Chun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Chang-Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Xiao-Lei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Qiao-Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province/Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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24
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Ma B, Yuan Y, Gao M, Xing L, Li C, Li M, Ma F. Genome-wide Identification, Classification, Molecular Evolution and Expression Analysis of Malate Dehydrogenases in Apple. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3312. [PMID: 30356028 PMCID: PMC6274877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malate dehydrogenase plays crucial roles in energy homeostasis, plant development and cold and salt tolerance, as it mediates the reversible conversion of malate to oxaloacetate. However, the evolutionary pattern of MDH genes in apple remains elusive. In this study, a total of 20 MDH genes were identified from the "Golden Delicious" apple draft genome. We revealed the physiological and biochemical properties, gene structure, and conserved motifs of MdMDH genes. Chromosomal localization and Ka/Ks ratio analysis of MdMDH genes revealed different selective pressures acted on duplicated MdMDH genes. Exploration of the phylogenetic relationships revealed six clades and similar frequencies between old and recent duplications, and significant differences in the evolutionary rates of the MDH gene family were observed. One MdMDH gene, MDP0000807458, which was highly expressed during apple fruit development and flower bud differentiation, was under positive selection. Thus, we speculated that MDP0000807458 is a likely candidate gene involved in regulation of flower bud differentiation and organic acid metabolism in apple fruits. This study provides a foundation for improved understanding of the molecular evolution of MdMDH genes and further facilitates the functional analysis of MDP0000807458 to unravel its exact role in flower bud differentiation and organic acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiquan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yangyang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Meng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Libo Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Cuiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Mingjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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25
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Schreier TB, Cléry A, Schläfli M, Galbier F, Stadler M, Demarsy E, Albertini D, Maier BA, Kessler F, Hörtensteiner S, Zeeman SC, Kötting O. Plastidial NAD-Dependent Malate Dehydrogenase: A Moonlighting Protein Involved in Early Chloroplast Development through Its Interaction with an FtsH12-FtsHi Protease Complex. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:1745-1769. [PMID: 29934433 PMCID: PMC6139691 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Malate dehydrogenases (MDHs) convert malate to oxaloacetate using NAD(H) or NADP(H) as a cofactor. Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking plastidial NAD-dependent MDH (pdnad-mdh) are embryo-lethal, and constitutive silencing (miR-mdh-1) causes a pale, dwarfed phenotype. The reason for these severe phenotypes is unknown. Here, we rescued the embryo lethality of pdnad-mdh via embryo-specific expression of pdNAD-MDH. Rescued seedlings developed white leaves with aberrant chloroplasts and failed to reproduce. Inducible silencing of pdNAD-MDH at the rosette stage also resulted in white newly emerging leaves. These data suggest that pdNAD-MDH is important for early plastid development, which is consistent with the reductions in major plastidial galactolipid, carotenoid, and protochlorophyllide levels in miR-mdh-1 seedlings. Surprisingly, the targeting of other NAD-dependent MDH isoforms to the plastid did not complement the embryo lethality of pdnad-mdh, while expression of enzymatically inactive pdNAD-MDH did. These complemented plants grew indistinguishably from the wild type. Both active and inactive forms of pdNAD-MDH interact with a heteromeric AAA-ATPase complex at the inner membrane of the chloroplast envelope. Silencing the expression of FtsH12, a key member of this complex, resulted in a phenotype that strongly resembles miR-mdh-1. We propose that pdNAD-MDH is essential for chloroplast development due to its moonlighting role in stabilizing FtsH12, distinct from its enzymatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina B Schreier
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Cléry
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Schläfli
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Galbier
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martha Stadler
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Demarsy
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Albertini
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin A Maier
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Kessler
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Neuchâtel, CH-2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Samuel C Zeeman
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Kötting
- Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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26
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Proteomic and Carbonylation Profile Analysis at the Critical Node of Seed Ageing in Oryza sativa. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40611. [PMID: 28094349 PMCID: PMC5240128 DOI: 10.1038/srep40611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The critical node (CN), which is the transition from the plateau phase to the rapid decreasing phase of seed ageing, is extremely important for seed conservation. Although numerous studies have investigated the oxidative stress during seed ageing, information on the changes in protein abundance at the CN is limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the abundance and carbonylation patterns of proteins at the CN of seed ageing in rice. The results showed that the germination rate of seeds decreased by less than 20% at the CN; however, the abundance of 112 proteins and the carbonylation levels of 68 proteins markedly changed, indicating oxidative damage. The abundance and activity of mitochondrial, glycolytic, and pentose phosphate pathway proteins were reduced; consequently, this negatively affected energy production and germination. Proteins related to defense, including antioxidant system and heat shock proteins, also reduced in abundance. Overall, energy metabolism was reduced at the CN, leading to a decrease in the antioxidant capacity, whereas seed storage proteins were up-regulated and carbonylated, indicating that the seed had a lower ability to utilize seed storage proteins for germination. Thus, the significant decrease in metabolic activities at the CN might accelerate the loss of seed viability.
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