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Micic N, Holmelund Rønager A, Sørensen M, Bjarnholt N. Overlooked and misunderstood: can glutathione conjugates be clues to understanding plant glutathione transferases? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230365. [PMID: 39343017 PMCID: PMC11449216 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant glutathione transferases (GSTs) constitute a large and diverse family of enzymes that are involved in plant stress response, metabolism and defence, yet their physiological functions remain largely elusive. Consistent with the traditional view on GSTs across organisms as detoxification enzymes, in vitro most plant GSTs catalyse glutathionylation, conjugation of the tripeptide glutathione (GSH; γ-Glu-Cys-Gly) onto reactive molecules. However, when it comes to elucidating GST functions, it remains a key challenge that the endogenous plant glutathione conjugates (GS-conjugates) that would result from such glutathionylation reactions are rarely reported. Furthermore, GSTs often display high substrate promiscuity, and their proposed substrates are prone to spontaneous chemical reactions with GSH; hence, single-gene knockouts rarely provide clear chemotypes or phenotypes. In a few cases, GS-conjugates are demonstrated to be biosynthetic intermediates that are rapidly further metabolized towards a pathway end product, explaining their low abundance and rare detection. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of plant GST functions and how and possibly why evolution has resulted in a broad and extensive expansion of the plant GST family. Finally, we demonstrate that endogenous GS-conjugates are more prevalent in plants than assumed and suggest they are overlooked as clues towards the identification of plant GST functions. This article is part of the theme issue 'The evolution of plant metabolism'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Micic
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Asta Holmelund Rønager
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
| | - Mette Sørensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Pharmatech A/S , Køge 4600, Denmark
| | - Nanna Bjarnholt
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg 1871, Denmark
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2
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Seregin IV, Kozhevnikova AD. The Role of Low-Molecular-Weight Organic Acids in Metal Homeostasis in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9542. [PMID: 39273488 PMCID: PMC11394999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) are essential O-containing metal-binding ligands involved in maintaining metal homeostasis, various metabolic processes, and plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Malate, citrate, and oxalate play a crucial role in metal detoxification and transport throughout the plant. This review provides a comparative analysis of the accumulation of LMWOAs in excluders, which store metals mainly in roots, and hyperaccumulators, which accumulate metals mainly in shoots. Modern concepts of the mechanisms of LMWOA secretion by the roots of excluders and hyperaccumulators are summarized, and the formation of various metal complexes with LMWOAs in the vacuole and conducting tissues, playing an important role in the mechanisms of metal detoxification and transport, is discussed. Molecular mechanisms of transport of LMWOAs and their complexes with metals across cell membranes are reviewed. It is discussed whether different endogenous levels of LMWOAs in plants determine their metal tolerance. While playing an important role in maintaining metal homeostasis, LMWOAs apparently make a minor contribution to the mechanisms of metal hyperaccumulation, which is associated mainly with root exudates increasing metal bioavailability and enhanced xylem loading of LMWOAs. The studies of metal-binding compounds may also contribute to the development of approaches used in biofortification, phytoremediation, and phytomining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Seregin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya st., 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Anna D Kozhevnikova
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya st., 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
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Qu L, Huang X, Su X, Zhu G, Zheng L, Lin J, Wang J, Xue H. Potato: from functional genomics to genetic improvement. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2024; 4:34. [PMID: 39160633 PMCID: PMC11331666 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00105-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Potato is the most widely grown non-grain crop and ranks as the third most significant global food crop following rice and wheat. Despite its long history of cultivation over vast areas, slow breeding progress and environmental stress have led to a scarcity of high-yielding potato varieties. Enhancing the quality and yield of potato tubers remains the ultimate objective of potato breeding. However, conventional breeding has faced challenges due to tetrasomic inheritance, high genomic heterozygosity, and inbreeding depression. Recent advancements in molecular biology and functional genomic studies of potato have provided valuable insights into the regulatory network of physiological processes and facilitated trait improvement. In this review, we present a summary of identified factors and genes governing potato growth and development, along with progress in potato genomics and the adoption of new breeding technologies for improvement. Additionally, we explore the opportunities and challenges in potato improvement, offering insights into future avenues for potato research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xueqing Huang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xin Su
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Lingli Zheng
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jiawen Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hongwei Xue
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Kumar J, Saini DK, Kumar A, Kumari S, Gahlaut V, Rahim MS, Pandey AK, Garg M, Roy J. Biofortification of Triticum species: a stepping stone to combat malnutrition. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:668. [PMID: 39004715 PMCID: PMC11247745 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05161-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofortification represents a promising and sustainable strategy for mitigating global nutrient deficiencies. However, its successful implementation poses significant challenges. Among staple crops, wheat emerges as a prime candidate to address these nutritional gaps. Wheat biofortification offers a robust approach to enhance wheat cultivars by elevating the micronutrient levels in grains, addressing one of the most crucial global concerns in the present era. MAIN TEXT Biofortification is a promising, but complex avenue, with numerous limitations and challenges to face. Notably, micronutrients such as iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se), and copper (Cu) can significantly impact human health. Improving Fe, Zn, Se, and Cu contents in wheat could be therefore relevant to combat malnutrition. In this review, particular emphasis has been placed on understanding the extent of genetic variability of micronutrients in diverse Triticum species, along with their associated mechanisms of uptake, translocation, accumulation and different classical to advanced approaches for wheat biofortification. CONCLUSIONS By delving into micronutrient variability in Triticum species and their associated mechanisms, this review underscores the potential for targeted wheat biofortification. By integrating various approaches, from conventional breeding to modern biotechnological interventions, the path is paved towards enhancing the nutritional value of this vital crop, promising a brighter and healthier future for global food security and human well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Dinesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Supriya Kumari
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, 110078, India
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Department of Biotechnology, University Center for Research and Development Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Mohammed Saba Rahim
- CSIR - Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, 176061, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Pandey
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Monika Garg
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Joy Roy
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali-140306, Mohali, Punjab, India.
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Łuczkowski M, Leszczyńska W, Wątły J, Clemens S, Krężel A. Phytochelatins Bind Zn(II) with Micro- to Picomolar Affinities without the Formation of Binuclear Complexes, Exhibiting Zinc Buffering and Muffling Rather than Storing Functions. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10915-10931. [PMID: 38845098 PMCID: PMC11191002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Phytochelatins (PCs) are poly-Cys peptides containing a repeating γ-Glu-Cys motif synthesized in plants, algae, certain fungi, and worms by PC synthase from reduced glutathione. It has been shown that an excess of toxic metal ions induces their biosynthesis and that they are responsible for the detoxification process. Little is known about their participation in essential metal binding under nontoxic, basal conditions under which PC synthase is active. This study presents spectroscopic and thermodynamic interactions with the PC2-PC5 series, mainly focusing on the relations between Zn(II) complex stability and cellular Zn(II) availability. The investigations employed mass spectrometry, UV-vis spectroscopy, potentiometry, competition assays with zinc probes, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). All peptides form ZnL complexes, while ZnL2 was found only for PC2, containing two to four sulfur donors in the coordination sphere. Binuclear species typical of Cd(II)-PC complexes are not formed in the case of Zn(II). Results demonstrate that the affinity for Zn(II) increases linearly from PC2 to PC4, ranging from micro- to low-picomolar. Further elongation does not significantly increase the stability. Stability elevation is driven mainly by entropic factors related to the chelate effect and conformational restriction rather than enthalpic factors related to the increasing number of sulfur donors. The affinity of the investigated PCs falls within the range of exchangeable Zn(II) concentrations (hundreds of pM) observed in plants, supporting for the first time a role of PCs both in buffering and in muffling cytosolic Zn(II) concentrations under normal conditions, not exposed to zinc excess, where short PCs have been identified in numerous studies. Furthermore, we found that Cd(II)-PC complexes demonstrate significantly higher metal capacities due to the formation of polynuclear species, which are lacking for Zn(II), supporting the role of PCs in Cd(II) storage (detoxification) and Zn(II) buffering and muffling. Our results on phytochelatins' coordination chemistry and thermodynamics are important for zinc biology and understanding the molecular basis of cadmium toxicity, leaving room for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Łuczkowski
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Weronika Leszczyńska
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Wątły
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Stephan Clemens
- Department
of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Artur Krężel
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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Chen K, Yu B, Xue W, Sun Y, Zhang C, Gao X, Zhou X, Deng Y, Yang J, Zhang B. Citric Acid Inhibits Cd Absorption and Transportation by Improving the Antagonism of Essential Elements in Rice Organs. TOXICS 2024; 12:431. [PMID: 38922111 PMCID: PMC11209394 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12060431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Excessive cadmium (Cd) in rice is a global environmental problem. Therefore, reducing Cd content in rice is of great significance for ensuring food security and human health. A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of foliar application of citric acid (CA) on Cd absorption and transportation in rice under high Cd-contaminated soils (2.04 mg·kg-1). This study revealed that there was a negative correlation between Cd content in vegetative organs and CA content, and that foliar spraying of CA (1 mM and 5 mM) significantly increased CA content and reduced Cd content in vegetative organs. The Cd reduction effect of 5 mM CA was better than that of 1 mM, and 5 mM CA reduced Cd content in grains and spikes by 52% and 37%, respectively. CA significantly increased Mn content in vegetative organs and increased Ca/Mn ratios in spikes, flag leaves, and roots. CA significantly reduced soluble Cd content in vegetative organs and promoted the transformation of Cd into insoluble Cd, thus inhibiting the transport of Cd from vegetative organs to grains. The foliar field application of 1 mM and 5 mM CA could inhibit Cd absorption and transportation by reducing Cd bioactivity and increasing the antagonistic of essential elements in rice vegetative organs. These results provide technical support and a theoretical basis for solving the problem of excessive Cd in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (K.C.); (B.Y.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.); (X.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Bozhen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (K.C.); (B.Y.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.); (X.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Weijie Xue
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (K.C.); (B.Y.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.); (X.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yuebing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (K.C.); (B.Y.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.); (X.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Changbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (K.C.); (B.Y.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.); (X.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xusheng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (K.C.); (B.Y.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.); (X.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaojia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; (K.C.); (B.Y.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.); (X.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yun Deng
- School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Jiarun Yang
- College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China; (J.Y.); (B.Z.)
| | - Boqian Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy Engineering, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China; (J.Y.); (B.Z.)
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7
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Li K, Grauschopf C, Hedrich R, Dreyer I, Konrad KR. K + and pH homeostasis in plant cells is controlled by a synchronized K + /H + antiport at the plasma and vacuolar membrane. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1525-1542. [PMID: 38017688 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movement involves ion transport across the plasma membrane (PM) and vacuolar membrane (VM) of guard cells. However, the coupling mechanisms of ion transporters in both membranes and their interplay with Ca2+ and pH changes are largely unclear. Here, we investigated transporter networks in tobacco guard cells and mesophyll cells using multiparametric live-cell ion imaging and computational simulations. K+ and anion fluxes at both, PM and VM, affected H+ and Ca2+ , as changes in extracellular KCl or KNO3 concentrations were accompanied by cytosolic and vacuolar pH shifts and changes in [Ca2+ ]cyt and the membrane potential. At both membranes, the K+ transporter networks mediated an antiport of K+ and H+ . By contrast, net transport of anions was accompanied by parallel H+ transport, with differences in transport capacity for chloride and nitrate. Guard and mesophyll cells exhibited similarities in K+ /H+ transport but cell type-specific differences in [H+ ]cyt and pH-dependent [Ca2+ ]cyt signals. Computational cell biology models explained mechanistically the properties of transporter networks and the coupling of transport across the PM and VM. Our integrated approach indicates fundamental principles of coupled ion transport at membrane sandwiches to control H+ /K+ homeostasis and points to transceptor-like Ca2+ /H+ -based ion signaling in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunkun Li
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Grauschopf
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Dreyer
- Faculty of Engineering, Center of Bioinformatics, Simulation and Modeling (CBSM), University of Talca, 3460000, Talca, Chile
| | - Kai R Konrad
- Department of Botany I, Julius-Von-Sachs Institute for Biosciences, University of Wuerzburg, 97082, Wuerzburg, Germany
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8
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Liao Q, Fu H, Shen C, Huang Y, Huang B, Hu C, Xiong X, Huang Y, Xin J. Physiological and biochemical characteristics of high and low Cd accumulating Brassica napus genotypes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:11873-11885. [PMID: 38224442 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31942-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a widely used and cost-effective technique for in situ remediation of heavy metals. Brassica napus L. genotype with high Cd accumulation and strong Cd tolerance is an ideal candidate for phytoremediation. In this study, a hydroponic experiment was conducted to select a Brassica napus genotype with either high or low Cd accumulation from a panel of 55 genotypes. The physiological mechanisms governing Cd accumulation and Cd tolerance were then explored. BN400 and BN147 were identified as the high and low Cd accumulating genotypes, respectively. Additionally, BN400 exhibited greater tolerance to Cd stress compared to BN147. Root morphology analysis revealed that BN400 exhibited longer root length, smaller root surface area and root volume, and less root tips but bigger root diameter than BN147. Subcellular Cd distribution showed that the Cd concentrations in the cell wall and vacuole in shoot were significantly higher in BN400 than in BN147, whereas the opposite trend was observed in the roots.. Pectate/protein-integrated Cd was found to be the predominant form of Cd in both shoots and roots, with significantly higher levels in BN400 compared to BN147 in the shoot, but the opposite trend was observed in the roots. These results suggest that the long fine roots play a role in Cd accumulation. The high Cd accumulating genotype was able to retain Cd in leaf cell walls and vacuoles, and Cd was mainly present in the form of pectate/protein-integrated Cd, which contributes to its strong Cd tolerance. These findings have important implications for the screening and breeding of Brassica napus genotypes with high Cd accumulation for phytoremediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Liao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, China
| | - Huilin Fu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, China
| | - Chuang Shen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, China
| | - Yingying Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, China
| | - Baifei Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, China
| | - Chongyang Hu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaokang Xiong
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, China
| | - Yuxi Huang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, China
| | - Junliang Xin
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, China.
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9
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Mao Z, Wang Y, Li M, Zhang S, Zhao Z, Xu Q, Liu JH, Li C. Vacuolar proteomic analysis reveals tonoplast transporters for accumulation of citric acid and sugar in citrus fruit. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhad249. [PMID: 38288255 PMCID: PMC10822839 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Vacuole largely dictates the fruit taste and flavor, as most of the sugars and organic acids are stored in the vacuoles of the fruit. However, difficulties associated with vacuole separation severely hinder identification and characterization of vacuolar proteins in fruit species. In this study, we established an effective approach for separating vacuoles and successfully purified vacuolar protein from six types of citrus fruit with varying patterns of sugar and organic acid contents. By using label-free LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis, 1443 core proteins were found to be associated with the essential functions of vacuole in citrus fruit. Correlation analysis of metabolite concentration with proteomic data revealed a transporter system for the accumulation of organic acid and soluble sugars in citrus. Furthermore, we characterized the physiological roles of selected key tonoplast transporters, ABCG15, Dict2.1, TMT2, and STP7 in the accumulation of citric acid and sugars. These findings provide a novel perspective and practical solution for investigating the transporters underlying the formation of citrus taste and flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuolin Mao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yue Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengdi Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuhang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zeqi Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunlong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
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10
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Xiang Y, Huang XY, Zhao YW, Wang CK, Sun Q, Hu DG. Optimization of apple fruit flavor by MdVHP1-2 via modulation of soluble sugar and organic acid accumulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108227. [PMID: 38043254 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
For fleshy fruits, the content and ratio of organic acids and soluble sugars are key factors for their flavor. Therefore, a better understanding of soluble sugar and organic acid accumulation in vacuoles is essential to the improvement of fruit quality. Vacuolar-type inorganic pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) has been found in various plants with crucial functions based on the hydrolysis of PPi. However, the effects of V-PPase on the soluble sugar and organic acid accumulation in apple fruit remain unclear. In this study, MdVHP1-2, a V-PPase protein in the vacuolar membrane, was identified. The results showed a positive correlation between the expression of MdVHP1-2 and the sugar/acid ratio during ripening of apple fruits. A series of transgenic analyses showed that overexpression of MdVHP1-2 significantly elevated the contents of soluble sugars and organic acids as well as the sugar/acid ratio in apple fruits and calli. Additionally, transient interference induced by MdVHP1-2 expression inhibited the accumulation of soluble sugars and organic acids in apple fruits. In summary, this study provides insight into the mechanisms by which MdVHP1-2 modulates fruit flavor through mediation of soluble sugar and organic acid accumulation, thereby facilitating improvement of the overall quality of apple and other fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Huang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yu-Wen Zhao
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chu-Kun Wang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Quan Sun
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China.
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11
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Huang XY, Xiang Y, Zhao YW, Wang CK, Wang JH, Wang WY, Liu XL, Sun Q, Hu DG. Regulation of a vacuolar proton-pumping P-ATPase MdPH5 by MdMYB73 and its role in malate accumulation and vacuolar acidification. ABIOTECH 2023; 4:303-314. [PMID: 38106434 PMCID: PMC10721769 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-023-00115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
As the main organic acid in fruits, malate is produced in the cytoplasm and is then transported into the vacuole. It accumulates by vacuolar proton pumps, transporters, and channels, affecting the taste and flavor of fruits. Among the three types of proton pumps (V-ATPases, V-PPases, and P-ATPases), the P-ATPases play an important role in the transport of malate into vacuoles. In this study, the transcriptome data, collected at different stages after blooming and during storage, were analyzed and the results demonstrated that the expression of MdPH5, a vacuolar proton-pumping P-ATPase, was associated with both pre- and post-harvest malate contents. Moreover, MdPH5 is localized at the tonoplast and regulates malate accumulation and vacuolar pH. In addition, MdMYB73, an upstream MYB transcription factor of MdPH5, directly binds to its promoter, thereby transcriptionally activating its expression and enhancing its activity. In this way, MdMYB73 can also affect malate accumulation and vacuolar pH. Overall, this study clarifies how MdMYB73 and MdPH5 act to regulate vacuolar malate transport systems, thereby affecting malate accumulation and vacuolar pH. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-023-00115-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Huang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Ying Xiang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Yu-Wen Zhao
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Chu-Kun Wang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Jia-Hui Wang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Wen-Yan Wang
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Xiao-Long Liu
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Quan Sun
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit and Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, 271018 Shandong China
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12
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Gwon S, Park J, Huque AM, Cheung LS. The Arabidopsis SWEET1 and SWEET2 uniporters recognize similar substrates while differing in subcellular localization. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105389. [PMID: 37890779 PMCID: PMC10694572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporters (SWEETs) are central for sugar allocation in plants. The SWEET family has approximately 20 homologs in most plant genomes, and despite extensive research on their structures and molecular functions, it is still unclear how diverse SWEETs recognize different substrates. Previous work using SweetTrac1, a biosensor constructed by the intramolecular fusion of a conformation-sensitive fluorescent protein in the plasma membrane transporter SWEET1 from Arabidopsis thaliana, identified common features in the transporter's substrates. Here, we report SweetTrac2, a new biosensor based on the Arabidopsis vacuole membrane transporter SWEET2, and use it to explore the substrate specificity of this second protein. Our results show that SWEET1 and SWEET2 recognize similar substrates but some with different affinities. Sequence comparison and mutagenesis analysis support the conclusion that the differences in affinity depend on nonspecific interactions involving previously uncharacterized residues in the substrate-binding pocket. Furthermore, SweetTrac2 can be an effective tool for monitoring sugar transport at vacuolar membranes that would be otherwise challenging to study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojeong Gwon
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jihyun Park
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Akm Mahmudul Huque
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lily S Cheung
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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13
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Miśkiewicz J, Burdach Z, Trela Z, Siemieniuk A, Karcz W. Multifractal Analysis of the Influence of Indole-3-Acetic Acid on Fast-Activating Vacuolar (FV) Channels of Beta vulgaris L. Taproot Cells. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:406. [PMID: 37103833 PMCID: PMC10141395 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the multifractal properties of the ion current time series in the fast-activating vacuolar (FV) channels of Beta vulgaris L. taproot cells were investigated. These channels are permeable for only monovalent cations and mediate K+ at very low concentrations of cytosolic Ca2+ and large voltages of either polarity. Using the patch clamp technique, the currents of the FV channels in red beet taproot vacuoles were recorded and analysed by using the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) method. The activity of the FV channels depended on the external potential and was sensitive to the auxin. It was also shown that the singularity spectrum of the ion current in the FV channels is non-singular, and the multifractal parameters, i.e., the generalised Hurst exponent and the singularity spectrum, were modified in the presence of IAA. Taking into account the obtained results, it can be suggested that the multifractal properties of fast-activating vacuolar (FV) K+ channels, indicating the existence of long-term memory, should be taken into account in the molecular mechanism of the auxin-induced growth of plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz Miśkiewicz
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wrocław, 50-204 Wrocław, Poland
- Physics and Biophysics Department, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Burdach
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Zenon Trela
- Physics and Biophysics Department, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Siemieniuk
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Waldemar Karcz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
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14
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Liu T, Kawochar MA, Begum S, Wang E, Zhou T, Jing S, Liu T, Yu L, Nie B, Song B. Potato tonoplast sugar transporter 1 controls tuber sugar accumulation during postharvest cold storage. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad035. [PMID: 37799627 PMCID: PMC10548405 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Cold-induced sweetening (CIS), the undesirable sugar accumulation in cold-stored potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers, is a severe postharvest issue in the potato processing industry. Although the process of sucrose hydrolysis by vacuolar invertase during potato CIS is well understood, there is limited knowledge about the transportation of sucrose from the cytosol to the vacuole during postharvest cold storage. Here, we report that among the three potato tonoplast sugar transporters (TSTs), StTST1 exhibits the highest expression in tubers during postharvest cold storage. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrates that StTST1 is a tonoplast-localized protein. StTST1 knockdown decreases reducing sugar accumulation in tubers during low-temperature storage. Compared to wild-type, potato chips produced from StTST1-silenced tubers displayed significantly lower acrylamide levels and lighter color after cold storage. Transcriptome analysis manifests that suppression of StTST1 promotes starch synthesis and inhibits starch degradation in cold-stored tubers. We further establish that the increased sucrose content in the StTST1-silenced tubers might cause a decrease in the ABA content, thereby inhibiting the ABA-signaling pathway. We demonstrate that the down-regulation of β-amylase StBAM1 in StTST1-silenced tubers might be directly controlled by ABA-responsive element-binding proteins (AREBs). Altogether, we have shown that StTST1 plays a critical role in sugar accumulation and starch metabolism regulation during postharvest cold storage. Thus, our findings provide a new strategy to improve the frying quality of cold-stored tubers and reduce the acrylamide content in potato chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Md Abu Kawochar
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Shahnewaz Begum
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Enshuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Shenglin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Liu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Bihua Nie
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070 China
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15
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Structural and Functional Diversity of Two ATP-Driven Plant Proton Pumps. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054512. [PMID: 36901943 PMCID: PMC10003446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two ATP-dependent proton pumps function in plant cells. Plasma membrane H+-ATPase (PM H+-ATPase) transfers protons from the cytoplasm to the apoplast, while vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), located in tonoplasts and other endomembranes, is responsible for proton pumping into the organelle lumen. Both enzymes belong to two different families of proteins and, therefore, differ significantly in their structure and mechanism of action. The plasma membrane H+-ATPase is a member of the P-ATPases that undergo conformational changes, associated with two distinct E1 and E2 states, and autophosphorylation during the catalytic cycle. The vacuolar H+-ATPase represents rotary enzymes functioning as a molecular motor. The plant V-ATPase consists of thirteen different subunits organized into two subcomplexes, the peripheral V1 and the membrane-embedded V0, in which the stator and rotor parts have been distinguished. In contrast, the plant plasma membrane proton pump is a functional single polypeptide chain. However, when the enzyme is active, it transforms into a large twelve-protein complex of six H+-ATPase molecules and six 14-3-3 proteins. Despite these differences, both proton pumps can be regulated by the same mechanisms (such as reversible phosphorylation) and, in some processes, such as cytosolic pH regulation, may act in a coordinated way.
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16
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Deng H, Li X, Wang Y, Ma Q, Zeng Y, Xiang Y, Chen M, Zhang H, Xia H, Liang D, Lv X, Wang J, Deng Q. Organic Acid Accumulation and Associated Dynamic Changes in Enzyme Activity and Gene Expression during Fruit Development and Ripening of Common Loquat and Its Interspecific Hybrid. Foods 2023; 12:foods12050911. [PMID: 36900427 PMCID: PMC10000456 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Loquats have gained increasing attention from consumers and growers for their essential nutrients and unusual phenology, which could help plug a gap period at market in early spring. Fruit acid is a critical contributor to fruit quality. The dynamic changes in organic acid (OA) during fruit development and ripening of common loquat (Dawuxing, DWX) and its interspecific hybrid (Chunhua, CH) were compared, as well as the corresponding enzyme activity and gene expression. At harvest, titratable acid was significantly lower (p ≤ 0.01) in CH (0.11%) than in DWX loquats (0.35%). As the predominant OA compound, malic acid accounted for 77.55% and 48.59% of the total acid of DWX and CH loquats at harvest, followed by succinic acid and tartaric acid, respectively. PEPC and NAD-MDH are key enzymes that participate in malic acid metabolism in loquat. The OA differences in DWX loquat and its interspecific hybrid could be attributed to the coordinated regulation of multiple genes and enzymes associated with OA biosynthesis, degradation, and transport. The data obtained in this work will serve as a fundamental and important basis for future loquat breeding programs and even for improvements in loquat cultural practices.
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17
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Wang JH, Gu KD, Zhang QY, Yu JQ, Wang CK, You CX, Cheng L, Hu DG. Ethylene inhibits malate accumulation in apple by transcriptional repression of aluminum-activated malate transporter 9 via the WRKY31-ERF72 network. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023. [PMID: 36747049 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Malic acid accumulation in the vacuole largely determines acidity and perception of sweetness of apple. It has long been observed that reduction in malate level is associated with increase in ethylene production during the ripening process of climacteric fruits, but the molecular mechanism linking ethylene to malate reduction is unclear. Here, we show that ethylene-modulated WRKY transcription factor 31 (WRKY31)-Ethylene Response Factor 72 (ERF72)-ALUMINUM ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER 9 (Ma1) network regulates malate accumulation in apple fruit. ERF72 binds to the promoter of ALMT9, a key tonoplast transporter for malate accumulation of apple, transcriptionally repressing ALMT9 expression in response to ethylene. WRKY31 interacts with ERF72, suppressing its transcriptional inhibition activity on ALMT9. In addition, WRKY31 directly binds to the promoters of ERF72 and ALMT9, transcriptionally repressing and activating ERF72 and ALMT9, respectively. The expression of WRKY31 decreases in response to ethylene, lowering the transcription of ALMT9 directly and via its interactions with ERF72. These findings reveal that the regulatory complex WRKY31 forms with ERF72 responds to ethylene, linking the ethylene signal to ALMT9 expression in reducing malate transport into the vacuole during fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Kai-Di Gu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Quan-Yan Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Yu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Chu-Kun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Lailiang Cheng
- Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
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18
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Xu P, Li Q, Liang W, Hu Y, Chen R, Lou K, Zhan L, Wu X, Pu J. A tissue-specific profile of miRNAs and their targets related to paeoniaflorin and monoterpenoids biosynthesis in Paeonia lactiflora Pall. by transcriptome, small RNAs and degradome sequencing. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279992. [PMID: 36701382 PMCID: PMC9879538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Paeonia) has aroused many concerns due to its extensive medicinal value, in which monoterpene glucoside paeoniflorin and its derivatives are the active chemical components. However, little is known in the molecular mechanism of monoterpenoids biosynthesis, and the regulation network between small RNAs and mRNAs in monoterpenoids biosynthesis has not been investigated yet. Herein, we attempted to reveal the tissue-specific regulation network of miRNAs and their targets related to paeoniaflorin and monoterpenoids biosynthesis in Paeonia by combining mRNA and miRNA expression data with degradome analysis. In all, 289 miRNAs and 30177 unigenes were identified, of which nine miRNAs from seven miRNA families including miR396, miR393, miR835, miR1144, miR3638, miR5794 and miR9555 were verified as monoterpenoids biosynthesis-related miRNAs by degradome sequencing. Moreover, the co-expression network analysis showed that four monoterpenoids-regulating TFs, namely AP2, MYBC1, SPL12 and TCP2, were putatively regulated by five miRNAs including miR172, miR828, miR858, miR156 and miR319, respectively. The present study will improve our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the paeoniaflorin and monoterpenoids biosynthesis mediated by miRNA to a new level, and provide a valuable resource for further study on Paeonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Xu
- Center for Medicinal Resources Research, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Quanqing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weiqing Liang
- Center for Medicinal Resources Research, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yijuan Hu
- Center for Medicinal Resources Research, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rubing Chen
- Center for Medicinal Resources Research, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kelang Lou
- Center for Medicinal Resources Research, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lianghui Zhan
- Center for Medicinal Resources Research, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Center for Medicinal Resources Research, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jinbao Pu
- Center for Medicinal Resources Research, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- * E-mail:
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19
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Dietrich P, Gradogna A, Carpaneto A. The Plant Vacuole as Heterologous System to Characterize the Functional Properties of TPC Channels. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 278:235-247. [PMID: 35879579 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Human TPC channels are an emerging family of intracellular proteins fundamental for cell physiology and involved in various severe pathologies. Their localization in the membranes of endo-lysosomes, intracellular compartments of submicrometric dimensions, makes their study difficult with usual electrophysiological techniques. In this work, we show how the plant vacuole, a versatile organelle that can occupy up to 90% of the volume in mature plant cells, can be used as a heterologous system of expression for functional characterization. For this purpose, the use of vacuoles isolated from mesophyll cells of the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant lacking the endogenous TPC avoids unwanted interferences. The patch-clamp technique can be successfully applied to plant vacuoles in all different configuration modes; of note, the whole-vacuole configuration allows to study channel modulation by cytosolic factors. The combination of patch-clamp with fluorescence techniques, for example, by using fluorescent probes sensitive to specific ions of interest, represents a useful extension to investigate the selectivity properties of the channels. Therefore, the plant vacuole, similar to Xenopus oocytes for ion channels and transporters localized in the plasma membrane, has the capability to become a model system for functional studies on intracellular ion channels and transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dietrich
- Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Department Biologie Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - A Carpaneto
- Institute of Biophysics, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV) - University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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20
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Liu T, Kawochar MA, Liu S, Cheng Y, Begum S, Wang E, Zhou T, Liu T, Cai X, Song B. Suppression of the tonoplast sugar transporter, StTST3.1, affects transitory starch turnover and plant growth in potato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:342-356. [PMID: 36444716 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Transitory starch and vacuolar sugars function as highly dynamic pools of instantly accessible metabolites in plant leaf cells. Their metabolic regulation is critical for plant survival. The tonoplast sugar transporters (TSTs), responsible for sugar uptake into vacuoles, regulate cellular sugar partitioning and vacuolar sugar accumulation. However, whether TSTs are involved in leaf transient starch turnover and plant growth is unclear. Here, we found that suppressing StTST3.1 resulted in growth retardation and pale green leaves in potato plants. StTST3.1-silenced plants displayed abnormal chloroplasts and impaired photosynthetic performance. The subcellular localization assay and the oscillation expression patterns revealed that StTST3.1 encoded a tonoplast-localized protein and responded to photoperiod. Moreover, RNA-seq analyses identified that starch synthase (SS2 and SS6) and glucan water, dikinase (GWD), were downregulated in StTST3.1-silenced lines. Correspondingly, the capacity for starch synthesis and degradation was decreased in StTST3.1-silenced lines. Surprisingly, StTST3.1-silenced leaves accumulated exceptionally high levels of maltose but low levels of sucrose and hexose. Additionally, chlorophyll content was reduced in StTST3.1-silenced leaves. Analysis of chlorophyll metabolic pathways found that Non-Yellow Coloring 1 (NYC1)-like (NOL), encoding a chloroplast-localized key enzyme that catalyzes the initial step of chlorophyll b degradation, was upregulated in StTST3.1-silenced leaves. Transient overexpression of StNOL accelerated chlorophyll b degradation in tobacco leaves. Our results indicated that StTST3.1 is involved in transitory starch turnover and chlorophyll metabolism, thereby playing a critical role in normal potato plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Md Abu Kawochar
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Shengxuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Cheng
- College of Plant Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, 843300, People's Republic of China
| | - Shahnewaz Begum
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Enshuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingkui Cai
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Botao Song
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
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21
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Ren H, Yu Y, Xu Y, Zhang X, Tian X, Gao T. GlPS1 overexpression accumulates coumarin secondary metabolites in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE 2022; 152:539-553. [PMID: 36573085 PMCID: PMC9770567 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-022-02427-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The dried root of Glehnia littoralis is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine mainly used to treat lung diseases and plays an important role in fighting coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in China. This study focused on the key enzyme gene GlPS1 for furanocoumarin synthesis in G. littoralis. In the 35S:GlPS1 transgenic Arabidopsis study, the Arabidopsis thaliana-overexpressing GlPS1 gene was more salt-tolerant than Arabidopsis in the blank group. Metabolomics analysis showed 30 differential metabolites in Arabidopsis, which overexpressed the GlPS1 gene. Twelve coumarin compounds were significantly upregulated, and six of these coumarin compounds were not detected in the blank group. Among these differential coumarin metabolites, isopimpinellin and aesculetin have been annotated by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and isopimpinellin was not detected in the blank group. Through structural comparison, imperatorin was formed by dehydration and condensation of zanthotoxol and a molecule of isoprenol, and the difference between them was only one isoprene. Results showed that the GlPS1 gene positively regulated the synthesis of coumarin metabolites in A. thaliana and at the same time improved the salt tolerance of A. thaliana. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11240-022-02427-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Ren
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanchong Yu
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Xu
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinfang Zhang
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Tian
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Gao
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology in Universities of Shandong Province, College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109 People’s Republic of China
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22
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de Figueiredo MRA, Barnes H, Boot CM, de Figueiredo ABTB, Nissen SJ, Dayan FE, Gaines TA. Identification of a Novel 2,4-D Metabolic Detoxification Pathway in 2,4-D-Resistant Waterhemp ( Amaranthus tuberculatus). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15380-15389. [PMID: 36453610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A 2,4-dichlorophenoxyactic acid (2,4-D)-resistant population of Amaranthus tuberculatus (common waterhemp) from Nebraska, USA, was previously found to have rapid metabolic detoxification of the synthetic auxin herbicide 2,4-D. We purified the main 2,4-D metabolites from resistant and susceptible plants, solved their structures by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and synthesized the metabolites to determine their in planta toxicity. Susceptible plants conjugated 2,4-D to aspartate to form 2,4-D-aspartic acid (2,4-D-Asp), while resistant plants had a unique metabolic profile where 2,4-D was hydroxylated into 5-OH-2,4-D, followed by conjugation into a sugar metabolite (2,4-D-5-O-d-glucopyranoside) and subsequent malonylation into 2,4-D-(6'-O-malonyl)-5-O-d-glucopyranoside. Toxicological studies on waterhemp and Arabidopsis thaliana confirmed that the hydroxylated metabolite lost its auxinic action and toxicity. In contrast, the 2,4-D-Asp metabolite found in susceptible plants retained some auxinic action and toxicity. These results demonstrate that 2,4-D-resistant A. tuberculatus evolved novel detoxification reactions not present in susceptible plants to rapidly metabolize 2,4-D, potentially mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes that perform the initial 5-hydroxylation reaction. This novel mechanism is more efficient to detoxify 2,4-D and produces metabolites with lower toxicity compared to the aspartic acid conjugation found in susceptible waterhemp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo R A de Figueiredo
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Hamlin Barnes
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Claudia M Boot
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Molecular Analysis Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | | | - Scott J Nissen
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Franck E Dayan
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Todd A Gaines
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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23
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Inoue S, Hayashi M, Huang S, Yokosho K, Gotoh E, Ikematsu S, Okumura M, Suzuki T, Kamura T, Kinoshita T, Ma JF. A tonoplast-localized magnesium transporter is crucial for stomatal opening in Arabidopsis under high Mg 2+ conditions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:864-877. [PMID: 35976788 PMCID: PMC9804957 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant stomata play an important role in CO2 uptake for photosynthesis and transpiration, but the mechanisms underlying stomatal opening and closing under changing environmental conditions are still not completely understood. Through large-scale genetic screening, we isolated an Arabidopsis mutant (closed stomata2 (cst2)) that is defective in stomatal opening. We cloned the causal gene (MGR1/CST2) and functionally characterized this gene. The mutant phenotype was caused by a mutation in a gene encoding an unknown protein with similarities to the human magnesium (Mg2+ ) efflux transporter ACDP/CNNM. MGR1/CST2 was localized to the tonoplast and showed transport activity for Mg2+ . This protein was constitutively and highly expressed in guard cells. Knockout of this gene resulted in stomatal closing, decreased photosynthesis and growth retardation, especially under high Mg2+ conditions, while overexpression of this gene increased stomatal opening and tolerance to high Mg2+ concentrations. Furthermore, guard cell-specific expression of MGR1/CST2 in the mutant partially restored its stomatal opening. Our results indicate that MGR1/CST2 expression in the leaf guard cells plays an important role in maintaining cytosolic Mg2+ concentrations through sequestering Mg2+ into vacuoles, which is required for stomatal opening, especially under high Mg2+ conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin‐ichiro Inoue
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityFuro‐cho, Chikusa‐kuNagoyaAichi464‐8602Japan
| | - Maki Hayashi
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityFuro‐cho, Chikusa‐kuNagoyaAichi464‐8602Japan
| | - Sheng Huang
- Institute of Plant Science and ResourcesOkayama UniversityChuo 2‐20‐1Kurashiki710‐0046Japan
| | - Kengo Yokosho
- Institute of Plant Science and ResourcesOkayama UniversityChuo 2‐20‐1Kurashiki710‐0046Japan
| | - Eiji Gotoh
- Department of Forest Environmental Sciences, Faculty of AgricultureKyushu University744 MotookaFukuoka819‐0395Japan
| | - Shuka Ikematsu
- Institute of Transformative Bio‐Molecules (WPI‐ITbM)Nagoya UniversityFuro‐cho, ChikusaNagoya464‐8602Japan
| | - Masaki Okumura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityFuro‐cho, Chikusa‐kuNagoyaAichi464‐8602Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and BiotechnologyChubu UniversityKasugai‐shiAichi487‐8501Japan
| | - Takumi Kamura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityFuro‐cho, Chikusa‐kuNagoyaAichi464‐8602Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of ScienceNagoya UniversityFuro‐cho, Chikusa‐kuNagoyaAichi464‐8602Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio‐Molecules (WPI‐ITbM)Nagoya UniversityFuro‐cho, ChikusaNagoya464‐8602Japan
| | - Jian Feng Ma
- Institute of Plant Science and ResourcesOkayama UniversityChuo 2‐20‐1Kurashiki710‐0046Japan
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Gradogna A, Carpaneto A. Electrophysiology and fluorescence to investigate cation channels and transporters in isolated plant vacuoles. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:42. [PMID: 37676514 PMCID: PMC10442027 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The plant vacuole plays a fundamental role in cell homeostasis. The successful application of patch-clamp technique on isolated vacuoles allows the determination of the functional characteristics of tonoplast ion channels and transporters. The parallel use of a sensor-based fluorescence approach capable of detecting changes in calcium and proton concentrations opens up new possibilities for investigation. In excised patch, the presence of fura-2 in the vacuolar solution reveals the direct permeation of calcium in plant TPC channels. In whole-vacuole, the activity of non-electrogenic NHX potassium proton antiporters can be measured by using the proton sensitive dye BCECF loaded in the vacuolar lumen by the patch pipette. Both vacuolar NHXs and CLCa (chloride/nitrate antiporter) are inhibited by the phosphoinositide PI(3,5)P2, suggesting a coordinated role of these proteins in salt accumulation. Increased knowledge in the molecular mechanisms of vacuolar ion channels and transporters has the potential to improve our understanding on how plants cope with a rapidly changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Gradogna
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - Armando Carpaneto
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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25
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Dean JV, Willis M, Shaban L. Transport of acylated anthocyanins by the Arabidopsis ATP-binding cassette transporters AtABCC1, AtABCC2, and AtABCC14. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13780. [PMID: 36121340 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a group of pigments that have various roles in plants including attracting pollinators and seed dispersers and protecting against various types of stress. In vegetative tissue, these anthocyanins are sequestered in the vacuole following biosynthesis in the cytoplasm, though there remain questions as to the events leading to the vacuolar sequestration. In this study, we were able to show that the uptake of acylated anthocyanins by vacuolar membrane-enriched vesicles isolated from Arabidopsis was stimulated by the addition of MgATP and was inhibited by both vanadate and glybenclamide, but not by gramicidin D or bafilomycin A1 , suggesting that uptake involves an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter and not an H+ -antiporter. Membrane vesicles isolated from yeast expressing the ABC transporters designated AtABCC1, AtABCC2, and AtABCC14 are capable of MgATP-dependent uptake of acylated anthocyanins. This uptake was not dependent on glutathione as seen previously for anthocyanidin 3-O-monoglucosides. Compared to the wild-type, the transport of acylated anthocyanins was lower in vacuolar membrane-enriched vesicles isolated from atabcc1 cell cultures providing evidence that AtABCC1 may be the predominant transporter of these compounds in vivo. In addition, the pattern of anthocyanin accumulation differed between the atabcc1, atabcc2, and atabcc14 mutants and the wild-type seedlings under anthocyanin inductive conditions. We suggest that AtABCC1, AtABCC2, and AtABCC14 are involved in the vacuolar transport of acylated anthocyanins produced in the vegetative tissue of Arabidopsis and that the pattern of anthocyanin accumulation can be altered depending on the presence or absence of a specific vacuolar ABC transporter.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V Dean
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Morgan Willis
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Laith Shaban
- Department of Biological Sciences, DePaul University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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26
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The Phytotoxin Myrigalone A Triggers a Phased Detoxification Programme and Inhibits Lepidium sativum Seed Germination via Multiple Mechanisms including Interference with Auxin Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094618. [PMID: 35563008 PMCID: PMC9104956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular responses of plants to natural phytotoxins comprise more general and compound-specific mechanisms. How phytotoxic chalcones and other flavonoids inhibit seedling growth was widely studied, but how they interfere with seed germination is largely unknown. The dihydrochalcone and putative allelochemical myrigalone A (MyA) inhibits seed germination and seedling growth. Transcriptome (RNAseq) and hormone analyses of Lepidium sativum seed responses to MyA were compared to other bioactive and inactive compounds. MyA treatment of imbibed seeds triggered the phased induction of a detoxification programme, altered gibberellin, cis-(+)-12-oxophytodienoic acid and jasmonate metabolism, and affected the expression of hormone transporter genes. The MyA-mediated inhibition involved interference with the antioxidant system, oxidative signalling, aquaporins and water uptake, but not uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation or p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase expression/activity. MyA specifically affected the expression of auxin-related signalling genes, and various transporter genes, including for auxin transport (PIN7, ABCG37, ABCG4, WAT1). Responses to auxin-specific inhibitors further supported the conclusion that MyA interferes with auxin homeostasis during seed germination. Comparative analysis of MyA and other phytotoxins revealed differences in the specific regulatory mechanisms and auxin transporter genes targeted to interfere with auxin homestasis. We conclude that MyA exerts its phytotoxic activity by multiple auxin-dependent and independent molecular mechanisms.
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27
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Zhang ZW, Deng ZL, Tao Q, Peng HQ, Wu F, Fu YF, Yang XY, Xu PZ, Li Y, Wang CQ, Chen YE, Yuan M, Lan T, Tang XY, Chen GD, Zeng J, Yuan S. Salicylate and glutamate mediate different Cd accumulation and tolerance between Brassica napus and B. juncea. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133466. [PMID: 34973246 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most hyperaccumulator plants have little economic values, and therefore have not been widely used in Cd-contaminated soils. Rape species are Cd hyperaccumulators with high economic values. Black mustard seed (Brassica juncea) has a higher accumulation ability and a higher tolerance for Cd than oilseed rape (Brassica napus), but its biomass is relatively low and its geographical distribution is limited. However, it is unknown why B. juncea (Bj) is more tolerant to and accumulates more Cd than B. napus (Bn). Here, we found that the differences in Cd accumulation and tolerance between the two species is mainly because Bj plants have higher levels of salicylic acid and glutamic acid than Bn plants. Exogenous salicylate and glutamate treatments enhanced Cd accumulation (salicylate + glutamate co-treatment doubled Cd accumulation level in Bn seedlings) but reduced oxidative stresses by increasing glutathione biosynthesis and activating phytochelatin-based sequestration of Cd into vacuoles. Our results provide a new idea to simultaneously improve Cd accumulation and Cd tolerance in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zong-Lin Deng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qi Tao
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hong-Qian Peng
- Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee of Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Sichuan Provincial Academy of Natural Resource Sciences, Chengdu, 610015, China
| | - Yu-Fan Fu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xin-Yue Yang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pei-Zhou Xu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yun Li
- Rape Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Chang-Quan Wang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang-Er Chen
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Ting Lan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Tang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guang-Deng Chen
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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28
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Current Methods to Unravel the Functional Properties of Lysosomal Ion Channels and Transporters. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060921. [PMID: 35326372 PMCID: PMC8946281 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A distinct set of channels and transporters regulates the ion fluxes across the lysosomal membrane. Malfunctioning of these transport proteins and the resulting ionic imbalance is involved in various human diseases, such as lysosomal storage disorders, cancer, as well as metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. As a consequence, these proteins have stimulated strong interest for their suitability as possible drug targets. A detailed functional characterization of many lysosomal channels and transporters is lacking, mainly due to technical difficulties in applying the standard patch-clamp technique to these small intracellular compartments. In this review, we focus on current methods used to unravel the functional properties of lysosomal ion channels and transporters, stressing their advantages and disadvantages and evaluating their fields of applicability.
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29
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Fu L, Wu D, Zhang X, Xu Y, Kuang L, Cai S, Zhang G, Shen Q. Vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase HVP10 enhances salt tolerance via promoting Na+ translocation into root vacuoles. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1248-1263. [PMID: 34791461 PMCID: PMC8825340 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar H+-pumping pyrophosphatases (VPs) provide a proton gradient for Na+ sequestration in the tonoplast; however, the regulatory mechanisms of VPs in developing salt tolerance have not been fully elucidated. Here, we cloned a barley (Hordeum vulgare) VP gene (HVP10) that was identified previously as the HvNax3 gene. Homology analysis showed VP10 in plants had conserved structure and sequence and likely originated from the ancestors of the Ceramiales order of Rhodophyta (Cyanidioschyzon merolae). HVP10 was mainly expressed in roots and upregulated in response to salt stress. After salt treatment for 3 weeks, HVP10 knockdown (RNA interference) and knockout (CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing) barley plants showed greatly inhibited growth and higher shoot Na+ concentration, Na+ transportation rate and xylem Na+ loading relative to wild-type (WT) plants. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and microelectronic Ion Flux Estimation results indicated that HVP10 likely modulates Na+ sequestration into the root vacuole by acting synergistically with Na+/H+ antiporters (HvNHX1 and HvNHX4) to enhance H+ efflux and K+ maintenance in roots. Moreover, transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) lines overexpressing HVP10 also showed higher salt tolerance than the WT at both seedling and adult stages with less Na+ translocation to shoots and higher grain yields under salt stress. This study reveals the molecular mechanism of HVP10 underlying salt tolerance and highlights its potential in improving crop salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbo Fu
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dezhi Wu
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xincheng Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yunfeng Xu
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liuhui Kuang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shengguan Cai
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Qiufang Shen
- Department of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhongyuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Author for communication:
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30
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Aubry E, Hoffmann B, Vilaine F, Gilard F, Klemens PAW, Guérard F, Gakière B, Neuhaus HE, Bellini C, Dinant S, Le Hir R. A vacuolar hexose transport is required for xylem development in the inflorescence stem. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1229-1247. [PMID: 34865141 PMCID: PMC8825465 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In Angiosperms, the development of the vascular system is controlled by a complex network of transcription factors. However, how nutrient availability in the vascular cells affects their development remains to be addressed. At the cellular level, cytosolic sugar availability is regulated mainly by sugar exchanges at the tonoplast through active and/or facilitated transport. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), among the genes encoding tonoplastic transporters, SUGAR WILL EVENTUALLY BE EXPORTED TRANSPORTER 16 (SWEET16) and SWEET17 expression has been previously detected in the vascular system. Here, using a reverse genetics approach, we propose that sugar exchanges at the tonoplast, regulated by SWEET16, are important for xylem cell division as revealed in particular by the decreased number of xylem cells in the swt16 mutant and the accumulation of SWEET16 at the procambium-xylem boundary. In addition, we demonstrate that transport of hexoses mediated by SWEET16 and/or SWEET17 is required to sustain the formation of the xylem secondary cell wall. This result is in line with a defect in the xylem cell wall composition as measured by Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy in the swt16swt17 double mutant and by upregulation of several genes involved in secondary cell wall synthesis. Our work therefore supports a model in which xylem development partially depends on the exchange of hexoses at the tonoplast of xylem-forming cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Aubry
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
- Ecole Doctorale 567 Sciences du Végétal, Univ Paris-Sud, Univ Paris-Saclay, bat 360, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Beate Hoffmann
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Françoise Vilaine
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Françoise Gilard
- Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Paris Sud, Univ Evry, Univ Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 360, Rue de Noetzlin, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Patrick A W Klemens
- Universität Kaiserslautern, Pflanzenphysiologie, Postfach 3049, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Florence Guérard
- Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Paris Sud, Univ Evry, Univ Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 360, Rue de Noetzlin, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Bertrand Gakière
- Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRAE, Univ Paris Sud, Univ Evry, Univ Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 360, Rue de Noetzlin, 91192 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Universität Kaiserslautern, Pflanzenphysiologie, Postfach 3049, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Catherine Bellini
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sylvie Dinant
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Rozenn Le Hir
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France
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Tang RJ, Meng SF, Zheng XJ, Zhang B, Yang Y, Wang C, Fu AG, Zhao FG, Lan WZ, Luan S. Conserved mechanism for vacuolar magnesium sequestration in yeast and plant cells. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:181-190. [PMID: 35087208 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-01087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential nutrient for all life forms. In fungal and plant cells, the majority of Mg2+ is stored in the vacuole but mechanisms for Mg2+ transport into the vacuolar store are not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that members of ancient conserved domain proteins (ACDPs) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thaliana function in vacuolar Mg2+ sequestration that enables plant and yeast cells to cope with high levels of external Mg2+. We show that the yeast genome (as well as other fungal genomes) harbour a single ACDP homologue, referred to as MAM3, that functions specifically in vacuolar Mg2+ accumulation and is essential for tolerance to high Mg. In parallel, vacuolar ACDP homologues were identified from Arabidopsis and shown to complement the yeast mutant mam3Δ. An Arabidopsis mutant lacking one of the vacuolar ACDP homologues displayed hypersensitivity to high-Mg conditions and accumulated less Mg in the vacuole compared with the wild type. Taken together, our results suggest that conserved transporters mediate vacuolar Mg2+ sequestration in fungal and plant cells to maintain cellular Mg2+ homeostasis in response to fluctuating Mg2+ levels in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jie Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Su-Fang Meng
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Zheng
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ai-Gen Fu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fu-Geng Zhao
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Lan
- Nanjing University-Nanjing Forestry University Joint Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Sheng Luan
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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32
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Kang BH, Anderson CT, Arimura SI, Bayer E, Bezanilla M, Botella MA, Brandizzi F, Burch-Smith TM, Chapman KD, Dünser K, Gu Y, Jaillais Y, Kirchhoff H, Otegui MS, Rosado A, Tang Y, Kleine-Vehn J, Wang P, Zolman BK. A glossary of plant cell structures: Current insights and future questions. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:10-52. [PMID: 34633455 PMCID: PMC8846186 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this glossary of plant cell structures, we asked experts to summarize a present-day view of plant organelles and structures, including a discussion of outstanding questions. In the following short reviews, the authors discuss the complexities of the plant cell endomembrane system, exciting connections between organelles, novel insights into peroxisome structure and function, dynamics of mitochondria, and the mysteries that need to be unlocked from the plant cell wall. These discussions are focused through a lens of new microscopy techniques. Advanced imaging has uncovered unexpected shapes, dynamics, and intricate membrane formations. With a continued focus in the next decade, these imaging modalities coupled with functional studies are sure to begin to unravel mysteries of the plant cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Ho Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charles T Anderson
- Department of Biology and Center for Lignocellulose Structure and Formation, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 USA
| | - Shin-ichi Arimura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emmanuelle Bayer
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, Villenave d'Ornon F-33140, France
| | - Magdalena Bezanilla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Miguel A Botella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortifruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora,” Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Tessa M Burch-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Kent D Chapman
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, USA
| | - Kai Dünser
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP) University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Yangnan Gu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Lyon, France
| | - Helmut Kirchhoff
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany and Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Abel Rosado
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Yu Tang
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Faculty of Biology, Chair of Molecular Plant Physiology (MoPP) University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Center for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Pengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bethany Karlin Zolman
- Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, USA
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A Lumenal Loop Associated with Catalytic Asymmetry in Plant Vacuolar H +-Translocating Pyrophosphatase. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312902. [PMID: 34884707 PMCID: PMC8657866 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-integral inorganic pyrophosphatases (mPPases) couple pyrophosphate hydrolysis with H+ and Na+ pumping in plants and microbes. mPPases are homodimeric transporters with two catalytic sites facing the cytoplasm and demonstrating highly different substrate-binding affinities and activities. The structural aspects of the functional asymmetry are still poorly understood because the structure of the physiologically relevant dimer form with only one active site occupied by the substrate is unknown. We addressed this issue by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the H+-transporting mPPase of Vigna radiata, starting from its crystal structure containing a close substrate analog (imidodiphosphate, IDP) in both active sites. The MD simulations revealed pre-existing subunit asymmetry, which increased upon IDP binding to one subunit and persisted in the fully occupied dimer. The most significant asymmetrical change caused by IDP binding is a ‘rigid body’-like displacement of the lumenal loop connecting α-helices 2 and 3 in the partner subunit and opening its exit channel for water. This highly conserved 14–19-residue loop is found only in plant vacuolar mPPases and may have a regulatory function, such as pH sensing in the vacuole. Our data define the structural link between the loop and active sites and are consistent with the published structural and functional data.
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Siemieniuk A, Burdach Z, Karcz W. A Comparison of the Effect of Lead (Pb) on the Slow Vacuolar (SV) and Fast Vacuolar (FV) Channels in Red Beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) Taproot Vacuoles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12621. [PMID: 34884427 PMCID: PMC8657509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the effect of lead on the activity of the vacuolar K+ channels. Here, the patch-clamp technique was used to compare the impact of lead (PbCl2) on the slow-activating (SV) and fast-activating (FV) vacuolar channels. It was revealed that, under symmetrical 100-mM K+, the macroscopic currents of the SV channels exhibited a typical slow activation and a strong outward rectification of the steady-state currents, while the macroscopic currents of the FV channels displayed instantaneous currents, which, at the positive potentials, were about three-fold greater compared to the one at the negative potentials. When PbCl2 was added to the bath solution at a final concentration of 100 µM, it decreased the macroscopic outward currents of both channels but did not change the inward currents. The single-channel recordings demonstrated that cytosolic lead causes this macroscopic effect by a decrease of the single-channel conductance and decreases the channel open probability. We propose that cytosolic lead reduces the current flowing through the SV and FV channels, which causes a decrease of the K+ fluxes from the cytosol to the vacuole. This finding may, at least in part, explain the mechanism by which cytosolic Pb2+ reduces the growth of plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Waldemar Karcz
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, 28 Jagiellońska St., 40-032 Katowice, Poland; (A.S.); (Z.B.)
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Wang C, Xiang Y, Qian D. Current progress in plant V-ATPase: From biochemical properties to physiological functions. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 266:153525. [PMID: 34560396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar-type adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase, VHA) is a highly conserved, ATP-driven multisubunit proton pump that is widely distributed in all eukaryotic cells. V-ATPase consists of two domains formed by at least 13 different subunits, the membrane peripheral V1 domain responsible for ATP hydrolysis, and the membrane-integral V0 domain responsible for proton translocation. V-ATPase plays an essential role in energizing secondary active transport and is indispensable to plants. In addition to multiple stress responses, plant V-ATPase is also implicated in physiological processes such as growth, development, and morphogenesis. Based on the identification of distinct V-ATPase mutants and advances in luminal pH measurements in vivo, it has been revealed that this holoenzyme complex plays a pivotal role in pH homeostasis of the plant endomembrane system and endocytic and secretory trafficking. Here, we review recent progress in comprehending the biochemical properties and physiological functions of plant V-ATPase and explore the topics that require further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yun Xiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dong Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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36
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Huang XY, Wang CK, Zhao YW, Sun CH, Hu DG. Mechanisms and regulation of organic acid accumulation in plant vacuoles. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:227. [PMID: 34697291 PMCID: PMC8546024 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00702-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In fleshy fruits, organic acids are the main source of fruit acidity and play an important role in regulating osmotic pressure, pH homeostasis, stress resistance, and fruit quality. The transport of organic acids from the cytosol to the vacuole and their storage are complex processes. A large number of transporters carry organic acids from the cytosol to the vacuole with the assistance of various proton pumps and enzymes. However, much remains to be explored regarding the vacuolar transport mechanism of organic acids as well as the substances involved and their association. In this review, recent advances in the vacuolar transport mechanism of organic acids in plants are summarized from the perspectives of transporters, channels, proton pumps, and upstream regulators to better understand the complex regulatory networks involved in fruit acid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chu-Kun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yu-Wen Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Cui-Hui Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Da-Gang Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production; College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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37
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Combined Profiling of Transcriptome and DNA Methylome Reveal Genes Involved in Accumulation of Soluble Sugars and Organic Acid in Apple Fruits. Foods 2021; 10:foods10092198. [PMID: 34574306 PMCID: PMC8467953 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic acids and soluble sugars are the major determinants of fruit organoleptic quality. Additionally, DNA methylation has crucial regulatory effects on various processes. However, the epigenetic modifications in the regulation of organic acid and soluble sugar accumulation in apple fruits remain uncharacterized. In this study, DNA methylation and the transcriptome were compared between ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Qinguan’ mature fruits, which differ significantly regarding soluble sugar and organic acid contents. In both ‘Honeycrisp’ and ‘Qinguan’ mature fruits, the CG context had the highest level of DNA methylation, and then CHG and CHH contexts. The number and distribution of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) varied among genic regions and transposable elements. The DNA methylation levels in all three contexts in the DMRs were significantly higher in ‘Honeycrisp’ mature fruits than in ‘Qinguan’ mature fruits. A combined methylation and transcriptome analysis revealed a negative correlation between methylation levels and gene expression in DMRs in promoters and gene bodies in the CG and CHG contexts and in gene bodies in the CHH context. Two candidate genes (MdTSTa and MdMa11), which encode tonoplast-localized proteins, potentially associated with fruit soluble sugar contents and acidity were identified based on expression and DNA methylation levels. Overexpression of MdTSTa in tomato increased the fruit soluble sugar content. Moreover, transient expression of MdMa11 in tobacco leaves significantly decreased the pH value. Our results reflect the diversity in epigenetic modifications influencing gene expression and will facilitate further elucidating the complex mechanism underlying fruit soluble sugar and organic acid accumulation.
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38
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Ogasawara S, Ezaki M, Ishida R, Sueyoshi K, Saito S, Hiradate Y, Kudo T, Obara M, Kojima S, Uozumi N, Tanemura K, Hayakawa T. Rice amino acid transporter-like 6 (OsATL6) is involved in amino acid homeostasis by modulating the vacuolar storage of glutamine in roots. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1616-1630. [PMID: 34216173 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine is a product of ammonium (NH4+ ) assimilation catalyzed by glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT). The growth of NH4+ -preferring paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.) depends on root NH4+ assimilation and the subsequent root-to-shoot allocation of glutamine; however, little is known about the mechanism of glutamine storage in roots. Here, using transcriptome and reverse genetics analyses, we show that the rice amino acid transporter-like 6 (OsATL6) protein exports glutamine to the root vacuoles under NH4+ -replete conditions. OsATL6 was expressed, along with OsGS1;2 and OsNADH-GOGAT1, in wild-type (WT) roots fed with sufficient NH4 Cl, and was induced by glutamine treatment. We generated two independent Tos17 retrotransposon insertion mutants showing reduced OsATL6 expression to determine the function of OsATL6. Compared with segregants lacking the Tos17 insertion, the OsATL6 knock-down mutant seedlings exhibited lower root glutamine content but higher glutamine concentration in the xylem sap and greater shoot growth under NH4+ -replete conditions. The transient expression of monomeric red fluorescent protein-fused OsATL6 in onion epidermal cells confirmed the tonoplast localization of OsATL6. When OsATL6 was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, glutamine efflux from the cell into the acidic bath solution increased. Under sufficient NH4+ supply, OsATL6 transiently accumulated in sclerenchyma and pericycle cells, which are located adjacent to the Casparian strip, thus obstructing the apoplastic solute path, and in vascular parenchyma cells of WT roots before the peak accumulation of GS1;2 and NADH-GOGAT1 occurred. These findings suggest that OsATL6 temporarily stores excess glutamine, produced by NH4+ assimilation, in root vacuoles before it can be translocated to the shoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Masataka Ezaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Ishida
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Kuni Sueyoshi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Shunya Saito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yuki Hiradate
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Toru Kudo
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Obara
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan
| | - Soichi Kojima
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Uozumi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-07 Aobayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanemura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hayakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramaki Aza-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan
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Citric Acid-Mediated Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137235. [PMID: 34281289 PMCID: PMC8268203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies have shown that citric acid/citrate (CA) can confer abiotic stress tolerance to plants. Exogenous CA application leads to improved growth and yield in crop plants under various abiotic stress conditions. Improved physiological outcomes are associated with higher photosynthetic rates, reduced reactive oxygen species, and better osmoregulation. Application of CA also induces antioxidant defense systems, promotes increased chlorophyll content, and affects secondary metabolism to limit plant growth restrictions under stress. In particular, CA has a major impact on relieving heavy metal stress by promoting precipitation, chelation, and sequestration of metal ions. This review summarizes the mechanisms that mediate CA-regulated changes in plants, primarily CA’s involvement in the control of physiological and molecular processes in plants under abiotic stress conditions. We also review genetic engineering strategies for CA-mediated abiotic stress tolerance. Finally, we propose a model to explain how CA’s position in complex metabolic networks involving the biosynthesis of phytohormones, amino acids, signaling molecules, and other secondary metabolites could explain some of its abiotic stress-ameliorating properties. This review summarizes our current understanding of CA-mediated abiotic stress tolerance and highlights areas where additional research is needed.
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40
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Holzheu P, Krebs M, Larasati C, Schumacher K, Kummer U. An integrative view on vacuolar pH homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana: Combining mathematical modeling and experimentation. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1541-1556. [PMID: 33780094 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The acidification of plant vacuoles is of great importance for various physiological processes, as a multitude of secondary active transporters utilize the proton gradient established across the vacuolar membrane. Vacuolar-type H+ -translocating ATPases and a pyrophosphatase are thought to enable vacuoles to accumulate protons against their electrochemical potential. However, recent studies pointed to the ATPase located at the trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE) to contribute to vacuolar acidification in a manner not understood as of now. Here, we combined experimental data and computational modeling to test different hypotheses for vacuolar acidification mechanisms. For this, we analyzed different models with respect to their ability to describe existing experimental data. To better differentiate between alternative acidification mechanisms, new experimental data have been generated. By fitting the models to the experimental data, we were able to prioritize the hypothesis in which vesicular trafficking of Ca2+ /H+ -antiporters from the TGN/EE to the vacuolar membrane and the activity of ATP-dependent Ca2+ -pumps at the tonoplast might explain the residual acidification observed in Arabidopsis mutants defective in vacuolar proton pump activity. The presented modeling approach provides an integrative perspective on vacuolar pH regulation in Arabidopsis and holds potential to guide further experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Holzheu
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg/Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Melanie Krebs
- Department of Cell Biology, COS Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Catharina Larasati
- Department of Cell Biology, COS Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Department of Cell Biology, COS Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
| | - Ursula Kummer
- Department of Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg/Bioquant, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
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Flütsch S, Santelia D. Mesophyll-derived sugars are positive regulators of light-driven stomatal opening. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:1754-1760. [PMID: 33666260 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Guard cell membrane ion transport and metabolism are deeply interconnected, and their coordinated regulation is integral to stomatal opening. Whereas ion transport is exceptionally well understood, how guard cell metabolism influences stomatal movements is less well known. Organic metabolites, such as malate and sugars, fulfill several functions in guard cells during stomatal opening as allosteric activators, counter-ions, energy source and osmolytes. However, their origin and exact fate remain debated. Recent work revealed that the guard cell carbon pool regulating stomatal function and plant growth is mostly of mesophyll origin, highlighting a tight correlation between mesophyll and guard cell metabolism. This review discusses latest research into guard cell carbon metabolism and its impact on stomatal function and whole plant physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Flütsch
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Diana Santelia
- Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
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42
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Abstract
This review highlights the most recent updated information available about Zn phytotoxicity at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels, uptake mechanisms as well as excess Zn homeostasis in plants. Zinc (Zn) is a natural component of soil in terrestrial environments and is a vital element for plant growth, as it performs imperative functions in numerous metabolic pathways. However, potentially noxious levels of Zn in soils can result in various alterations in plants like reduced growth, photosynthetic and respiratory rate, imbalanced mineral nutrition and enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species. Zn enters into soils through various sources, such as weathering of rocks, forest fires, volcanoes, mining and smelting activities, manure, sewage sludge and phosphatic fertilizers. The rising alarm in environmental facet, as well as, the narrow gap between Zn essentiality and toxicity in plants has drawn the attention of the scientific community to its effects on plants and crucial role in agricultural sustainability. Hence, this review focuses on the most recent updates about various physiological and biochemical functions perturbed by high levels of Zn, its mechanisms of uptake and transport as well as molecular aspects of surplus Zn homeostasis in plants. Moreover, this review attempts to understand the mechanisms of Zn toxicity in plants and to present novel perspectives intended to drive future investigations on the topic. The findings will further throw light on various mechanisms adopted by plants to cope with Zn stress which will be of great significance to breeders for enhancing tolerance to Zn contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmanjit Kaur
- Department of Botany, Akal University, Bathinda, 151302, Punjab, India
| | - Neera Garg
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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43
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D’Amore A, Gradogna A, Palombi F, Minicozzi V, Ceccarelli M, Carpaneto A, Filippini A. The Discovery of Naringenin as Endolysosomal Two-Pore Channel Inhibitor and Its Emerging Role in SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Cells 2021; 10:1130. [PMID: 34067054 PMCID: PMC8150892 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The flavonoid naringenin (Nar), present in citrus fruits and tomatoes, has been identified as a blocker of an emerging class of human intracellular channels, namely the two-pore channel (TPC) family, whose role has been established in several diseases. Indeed, Nar was shown to be effective against neoangiogenesis, a process essential for solid tumor progression, by specifically impairing TPC activity. The goal of the present review is to illustrate the rationale that links TPC channels to the mechanism of coronavirus infection, and how their inhibition by Nar could be an efficient pharmacological strategy to fight the current pandemic plague COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella D’Amore
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 16 Via A. Scarpa, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Antonella Gradogna
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
| | - Fioretta Palombi
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 16 Via A. Scarpa, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (F.P.)
| | - Velia Minicozzi
- INFN and Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy;
| | - Matteo Ceccarelli
- Department of Physics, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy;
- IOM-CNR Unità di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Armando Carpaneto
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149 Genova, Italy
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 16 Via A. Scarpa, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.D.); (F.P.)
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44
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Kaur S, Sharma N, Kapoor P, Chunduri V, Pandey AK, Garg M. Spotlight on the overlapping routes and partners for anthocyanin transport in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:868-881. [PMID: 33639001 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites are produced by plants and are classified based on their chemical structure or the biosynthetic routes through which they are synthesized. Among them, flavonoids, including anthocyanins and pro-anthocyanidins (PAs), are abundant in leaves, flowers, fruits, and seed coats in plants. The anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway has been intensively studied, but the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin transport from the synthesis site to the storage site needs attention. Although the major transporters are well defined yet, the redundancy of these transporters for structurally similar or dis-similar anthocyanins motivates additional research. Herein, we reviewed the role of membrane transporters involved in anthocyanin transport, including ATP-binding cassette, multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE), Bilitranslocase-homolog (BTL), and vesicle-mediated transport. We also highlight the ability of transporters to cater distinct anthocyanins or their chemically-modified forms with overlapping transport mechanisms and sequestration into the vacuoles. Our understanding of the anthocyanin transporters could provide anthocyanin-rich crops and fruits with a benefit on human health at a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satveer Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Natasha Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Payal Kapoor
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Venkatesh Chunduri
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Ajay K Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
| | - Monika Garg
- Department of Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, India
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45
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Pignocchi C, Ivakov A, Feil R, Trick M, Pike M, Wang TL, Lunn JE, Smith AM. Restriction of cytosolic sucrose hydrolysis profoundly alters development, metabolism, and gene expression in Arabidopsis roots. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:1850-1863. [PMID: 33378456 PMCID: PMC7921298 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant roots depend on sucrose imported from leaves as the substrate for metabolism and growth. Sucrose and hexoses derived from it are also signalling molecules that modulate growth and development, but the importance for signalling of endogenous changes in sugar levels is poorly understood. We report that reduced activity of cytosolic invertase, which converts sucrose to hexoses, leads to pronounced metabolic, growth, and developmental defects in roots of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings. In addition to altered sugar and downstream metabolite levels, roots of cinv1 cinv2 mutants have reduced elongation rates, cell and meristem size, abnormal meristematic cell division patterns, and altered expression of thousands of genes of diverse functions. Provision of exogenous glucose to mutant roots repairs relatively few of the defects. The extensive transcriptional differences between mutant and wild-type roots have hallmarks of both high sucrose and low hexose signalling. We conclude that the mutant phenotype reflects both low carbon availability for metabolism and growth and complex sugar signals derived from elevated sucrose and depressed hexose levels in the cytosol of mutant roots. Such reciprocal changes in endogenous sucrose and hexose levels potentially provide rich information about sugar status that translates into flexible adjustments of growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Ivakov
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Regina Feil
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Martin Trick
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Marilyn Pike
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Trevor L Wang
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - John E Lunn
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Wissenschaftspark Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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46
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Desmet S, Saeys Y, Verstaen K, Dauwe R, Kim H, Niculaes C, Fukushima A, Goeminne G, Vanholme R, Ralph J, Boerjan W, Morreel K. Maize specialized metabolome networks reveal organ-preferential mixed glycosides. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:1127-1144. [PMID: 33680356 PMCID: PMC7890092 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the scientific and economic importance of maize, little is known about its specialized metabolism. Here, five maize organs were profiled using different reversed-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. The resulting spectral metadata, combined with candidate substrate-product pair (CSPP) networks, allowed the structural characterization of 427 of the 5,420 profiled compounds, including phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, benzoxazinoids, and auxin-related compounds, among others. Only 75 of the 427 compounds were already described in maize. Analysis of the CSPP networks showed that phenylpropanoids are present in all organs, whereas other metabolic classes are rather organ-enriched. Frequently occurring CSPP mass differences often corresponded with glycosyl- and acyltransferase reactions. The interplay of glycosylations and acylations yields a wide variety of mixed glycosides, bearing substructures corresponding to the different biochemical classes. For example, in the tassel, many phenylpropanoid and flavonoid-bearing glycosides also contain auxin-derived moieties. The characterized compounds and mass differences are an important step forward in metabolic pathway discovery and systems biology research. The spectral metadata of the 5,420 compounds is publicly available (DynLib spectral database, https://bioit3.irc.ugent.be/dynlib/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrien Desmet
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium.,Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium.,Data Mining and Modelling for Biomedicine, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Verstaen
- Data Mining and Modelling for Biomedicine, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Rebecca Dauwe
- Unité de Recherche BIOPI EA3900, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and the U.S. Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, United States
| | - Claudiu Niculaes
- Plant Breeding, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Atsushi Fukushima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Geert Goeminne
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium.,VIB Metabolomics Core Ghent, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium.,Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry and the U.S. Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53726, United States
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium.,Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Kris Morreel
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium.,Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
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Cubero-Font P, De Angeli A. Connecting vacuolar and plasma membrane transport networks. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:755-762. [PMID: 33007120 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The coordinated control of ion transport across the two major membranes of differentiated plant cells, the plasma and the vacuolar membranes, is fundamental in cell physiology. The stomata responses to the fluctuating environmental conditions are an illustrative example. Indeed, they rely on the coordination of ion fluxes between the different cell compartments. The cytosolic environment, which is an interface between intracellular compartments, and the activity of the ion transporters localised in the different membranes influence one each other. Here we analyse the molecular mechanisms connecting and modulating the transport processes at both the plasma and the vacuolar membranes of guard cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Cubero-Font
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, 34060, France
| | - Alexis De Angeli
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, 34060, France
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48
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Cosse M, Seidel T. Plant Proton Pumps and Cytosolic pH-Homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:672873. [PMID: 34177988 PMCID: PMC8220075 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.672873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Proton pumps create a proton motif force and thus, energize secondary active transport at the plasma nmembrane and endomembranes of the secretory pathway. In the plant cell, the dominant proton pumps are the plasma membrane ATPase, the vacuolar pyrophosphatase (V-PPase), and the vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase). All these pumps act on the cytosolic pH by pumping protons into the lumen of compartments or into the apoplast. To maintain the typical pH and thus, the functionality of the cytosol, the activity of the pumps needs to be coordinated and adjusted to the actual needs. The cellular toolbox for a coordinated regulation comprises 14-3-3 proteins, phosphorylation events, ion concentrations, and redox-conditions. This review combines the knowledge on regulation of the different proton pumps and highlights possible coordination mechanisms.
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49
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MdERDL6-mediated glucose efflux to the cytosol promotes sugar accumulation in the vacuole through up-regulating TSTs in apple and tomato. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 118:2022788118. [PMID: 33443220 PMCID: PMC7817134 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022788118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar transport across membranes is essential for maintaining cellular sugar homeostasis and metabolic balance in plant cells. However, it remains unclear how this process is regulated among different classes of sugar transporters. Here, we identified an apple tonoplast H+/glucose symporter, MdERDL6-1, that exports glucose to cytosols to up-regulate the expression of H+/sugar antiporter genes TST1 and TST2 to import sugars from cytosol to vacuole for accumulation to high concentrations in apples and tomatoes. The findings provide insights into the regulatory mechanism underlying sugar exchange between cytosol and vacuole. Sugar transport across tonoplasts is essential for maintaining cellular sugar homeostasis and metabolic balance in plant cells. It remains unclear, however, how this process is regulated among different classes of sugar transporters. Here, we identified a tonoplast H+/glucose symporter, MdERDL6-1, from apples, which was highly expressed in fruits and exhibited expression patterns similar to those of the tonoplast H+/sugar antiporters MdTST1 and MdTST2. Overexpression of MdERDL6-1 unexpectedly increased not only glucose (Glc) concentration but also that of fructose (Fru) and sucrose (Suc) in transgenic apple and tomato leaves and fruits. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and expression analyses showed an up-regulation of TST1 and TST2 in the transgenic apple and tomato lines overexpressing MdERDL6-1. Further studies established that the increased sugar concentration in the transgenic lines correlated with up-regulation of TST1 and TST2 expression. Suppression or knockout of SlTST1 and SlTST2 in the MdERDL6-1–overexpressed tomato background reduced or abolished the positive effect of MdERDL6-1 on sugar accumulation, respectively. The findings demonstrate a regulation of TST1 and TST2 by MdERDL6-1, in which Glc exported by MdERDL6-1 from vacuole up-regulates TST1 and TST2 to import sugars from cytosol to vacuole for accumulation to high concentrations. The results provide insight into the regulatory mechanism of sugar accumulation in vacuoles mediated by the coordinated action of two classes of tonoplast sugar transporters.
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50
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Shitan N, Yazaki K. Dynamism of vacuoles toward survival strategy in plants. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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