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Cho H, Seo D, Kim M, Nam BE, Ahn S, Kang M, Bang G, Kwon CT, Joo Y, Oh E. SERKs serve as co-receptors for SYR1 to trigger systemin-mediated defense responses in tomato. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39041927 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Systemin, the first peptide hormone identified in plants, was initially isolated from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaves. Systemin mediates local and systemic wound-induced defense responses in plants, conferring resistance to necrotrophic fungi and herbivorous insects. Systemin is recognized by the leucine-rich-repeat receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) receptor SYSTEMIN RECEPTOR1 (SYR1), but how the systemin recognition signal is transduced to intracellular signaling pathways to trigger defense responses is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that SERK family LRR-RLKs function as co-receptors for SYR1 to mediate systemin signal transduction in tomato. By using chemical genetic approaches coupled with engineered receptors, we revealed that the association of the cytoplasmic kinase domains of SYR1 with SERKs leads to their mutual trans-phosphorylation and the activation of SYR1, which in turn induces a wide range of defense responses. Systemin stimulates the association between SYR1 and all tomato SERKs (SlSERK1, SlSERK3A, and SlSERK3B). The resulting SYR1-SlSERK heteromeric complexes trigger the phosphorylation of TOMATO PROTEIN KINASE 1B (TPK1b), a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase that positively regulates systemin responses. Additionally, upon association with SYR1, SlSERKs are cleaved by the Pseudomonas syringae effector HopB1, further supporting the finding that SlSERKs are activated by systemin-bound SYR1. Finally, genetic analysis using Slserk mutants showed that SlSERKs are essential for systemin-mediated defense responses. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the systemin-mediated association of SYR1 and SlSERKs activates defense responses against herbivorous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Dain Seo
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Bo Eun Nam
- Research, Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Soyoun Ahn
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Minju Kang
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Geul Bang
- Digital Omics Research Center, Ochang Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, Korea
| | - Choon-Tak Kwon
- Department of Smart Farm Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Korea
| | - Youngsung Joo
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Eunkyoo Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
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2
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Luo D, Cai J, Sun W, Yang Q, Hu G, Wang T. Tomato SlWRKY3 Negatively Regulates Botrytis cinerea Resistance via TPK1b. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1597. [PMID: 38931029 PMCID: PMC11207927 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is considered the second most important fungal plant pathogen, and can cause serious disease, especially on tomato. The TPK1b gene encodes a receptor-like kinase that can positively regulate plant resistance to B. cinerea. Here, we identified a tomato WRKY transcription factor SlWRKY3 that binds to the W-box on the TPK1b promoter. It can negatively regulate TPK1b transcription, then regulate downstream signaling pathways, and ultimately negatively regulate tomato resistance to B. cinerea. SlWRKY3 interference can enhance resistance to B. cinerea, and SlWRKY3 overexpression leads to susceptibility to B. cinerea. Additionally, we found that B. cinerea can significantly, and rapidly, induce the upregulation of SlWRKY3 expression. In SlWRKY3 transgenic plants, the TPK1b expression level was negatively correlated with SlWRKY3 expression. Compared with the control, the expression of the SA pathway marker gene PR1 was downregulated in W3-OE plants and upregulated in W3-Ri plants when inoculated with B. cinerea for 48 h. Moreover, SlWRKY3 positively regulated ROS production. Overall, SlWRKY3 can inhibit TPK1b transcription in tomato, and negatively regulate resistance to B. cinerea by modulating the downstream SA and ROS pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Jun Cai
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenhui Sun
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qihong Yang
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Guoyu Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Taotao Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agriculture University, Wuhan 430070, China
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3
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Hailemariam S, Liao CJ, Mengiste T. Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases: orchestrating plant cellular communication. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024:S1360-1385(24)00111-0. [PMID: 38816318 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The receptor-like kinase (RLK) family of receptors and the associated receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) have expanded in plants because of selective pressure from environmental stress and evolving pathogens. RLCKs link pathogen perception to activation of coping mechanisms. RLK-RLCK modules regulate hormone synthesis and responses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, Ca2+ signaling, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and immune gene expression, all of which contribute to immunity. Some RLCKs integrate responses from multiple receptors recognizing distinct ligands. RLKs/RLCKs and nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeats (NLRs) were found to synergize, demonstrating the intertwined genetic network in plant immunity. Studies in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have provided paradigms about RLCK functions, but a lack of understanding of crop RLCKs undermines their application. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the diverse functions of RLCKs, based on model systems and observations in crop species, and the emerging role of RLCKs in pathogen and abiotic stress response signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Hailemariam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Chao-Jan Liao
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tesfaye Mengiste
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Zhong T, Zhu M, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Deng S, Guo C, Xu L, Liu T, Li Y, Bi Y, Fan X, Balint-Kurti P, Xu M. The ZmWAKL-ZmWIK-ZmBLK1-ZmRBOH4 module provides quantitative resistance to gray leaf spot in maize. Nat Genet 2024; 56:315-326. [PMID: 38238629 PMCID: PMC10864183 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01644-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Gray leaf spot (GLS), caused by the fungal pathogens Cercospora zeae-maydis and Cercospora zeina, is a major foliar disease of maize worldwide (Zea mays L.). Here we demonstrate that ZmWAKL encoding cell-wall-associated receptor kinase-like protein is the causative gene at the major quantitative disease resistance locus against GLS. The ZmWAKLY protein, encoded by the resistance allele, can self-associate and interact with a leucine-rich repeat immune-related kinase ZmWIK on the plasma membrane. The ZmWAKLY/ZmWIK receptor complex interacts with and phosphorylates the receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) ZmBLK1, which in turn phosphorylates its downstream NADPH oxidase ZmRBOH4. Upon pathogen infection, ZmWAKLY phosphorylation activity is transiently increased, initiating immune signaling from ZmWAKLY, ZmWIK, ZmBLK1 to ZmRBOH4, ultimately triggering a reactive oxygen species burst. Our study thus uncovers the role of the maize ZmWAKL-ZmWIK-ZmBLK1-ZmRBOH4 receptor/signaling/executor module in perceiving the pathogen invasion, transducing immune signals, activating defense responses and conferring increased resistance to GLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/National Maize Improvement Center/Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Mang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/National Maize Improvement Center/Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/National Maize Improvement Center/Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Suining Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/National Maize Improvement Center/Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chenyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/National Maize Improvement Center/Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience/College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Baoshan Institute of Agricultural Science, Baoshan, P.R. China
| | - Yancong Li
- Baoshan Institute of Agricultural Science, Baoshan, P.R. China
| | - Yaqi Bi
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Xingming Fan
- Institute of Food Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, P.R. China
| | - Peter Balint-Kurti
- USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit, Raleigh NC and Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Mingliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience/College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/National Maize Improvement Center/Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China.
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Liu F, Cai S, Ma Z, Yue H, Xing L, Wang Y, Feng S, Wang L, Dai L, Wan H, Gao J, Chen M, Rahman M, Zhou B. RVE2, a new regulatory factor in jasmonic acid pathway, orchestrates resistance to Verticillium wilt. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:2507-2524. [PMID: 37553251 PMCID: PMC10651145 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium dahliae, one of the most destructive fungal pathogens of several crops, challenges the sustainability of cotton productivity worldwide because very few widely-cultivated Upland cotton varieties are resistant to Verticillium wilt (VW). Here, we report that REVEILLE2 (RVE2), the Myb-like transcription factor, confers the novel function in resistance to VW by regulating the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway in cotton. RVE2 expression was essentially required for the activation of JA-mediated disease-resistance response. RVE2 physically interacted with TPL/TPRs and disturbed JAZ proteins to recruit TPL and TPR1 in NINJA-dependent manner, which regulated JA response by relieving inhibited-MYC2 activity. The MYC2 then bound to RVE2 promoter for the activation of its transcription, forming feedback loop. Interestingly, a unique truncated RVE2 widely existing in D-subgenome (GhRVE2D) of natural Upland cotton represses the ability of the MYC2 to activate GhRVE2A promoter but not GausRVE2 or GbRVE2. The result could partially explain why Gossypium barbadense popularly shows higher resistance than Gossypium hirsutum. Furthermore, disturbing the JA-signalling pathway resulted into the loss of RVE2-mediated disease-resistance in various plants (Arabidopsis, tobacco and cotton). RVE2 overexpression significantly enhanced the resistance to VW. Collectively, we conclude that RVE2, a new regulatory factor, plays a pivotal role in fine-tuning JA-signalling, which would improve our understanding the mechanisms underlying the resistance to VW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co‐sponsored by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education)Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Sheng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co‐sponsored by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education)Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Zhifeng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co‐sponsored by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education)Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Haoran Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co‐sponsored by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education)Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Liangshuai Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co‐sponsored by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education)Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Yingying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co‐sponsored by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education)Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Shouli Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co‐sponsored by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education)Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co‐sponsored by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education)Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Lingjun Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co‐sponsored by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education)Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Hui Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co‐sponsored by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education)Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Jianbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co‐sponsored by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education)Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Mengfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co‐sponsored by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education)Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Mehboob‐ur‐ Rahman
- Plant Genomics & Mol. Breeding LabNational Institute for Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering (NIBGE)FaisalabadPakistan
| | - Baoliang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co‐sponsored by Jiangsu Province and Ministry of Education, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education)Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
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6
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Leibman-Markus M, Schneider A, Gupta R, Marash I, Rav-David D, Carmeli-Weissberg M, Elad Y, Bar M. Immunity priming uncouples the growth-defense trade-off in tomato. Development 2023; 150:dev201158. [PMID: 37882831 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants have developed an array of mechanisms to protect themselves against pathogen invasion. The deployment of defense mechanisms is imperative for plant survival, but can come at the expense of plant growth, leading to the 'growth-defense trade-off' phenomenon. Following pathogen exposure, plants can develop resistance to further attack. This is known as induced resistance, or priming. Here, we investigated the growth-defense trade-off, examining how defense priming via systemic acquired resistance (SAR), or induced systemic resistance (ISR), affects tomato development and growth. We found that defense priming can promote, rather than inhibit, plant development, and that defense priming and growth trade-offs can be uncoupled. Cytokinin response was activated during induced resistance, and found to be required for the observed growth and disease resistance resulting from ISR activation. ISR was found to have a stronger effect than SAR on plant development. Our results suggest that growth promotion and induced resistance can be co-dependent, and that, in certain cases, defense priming can drive developmental processes and promote plant yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirav Leibman-Markus
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Anat Schneider
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Iftah Marash
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dalia Rav-David
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Mira Carmeli-Weissberg
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Yigal Elad
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Maya Bar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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Tian S, Liu B, Shen Y, Cao S, Lai Y, Lu G, Wang Z, Wang A. Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms of Tomatoes' Defense against Botrytis cinerea: Insights from Transcriptome Analysis of Micro-Tom and Regular Tomato Varieties. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2965. [PMID: 37631176 PMCID: PMC10459989 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a devastating fungal pathogen that causes severe economic losses in global tomato cultivation. Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving tomatoes' response to this pathogen is crucial for developing effective strategies to counter it. Although the Micro-Tom (MT) cultivar has been used as a model, its stage-specific response to B. cinerea remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined the response of the MT and Ailsa Craig (AC) cultivars to B. cinerea at different time points (12-48 h post-infection (hpi)). Our results indicated that MT exhibited a stronger resistant phenotype at 18-24 hpi but became more susceptible to B. cinerea later (26-48 hpi) compared to AC. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential gene expression between MT at 24 hpi and AC at 22 hpi, with MT showing a greater number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Pathway and functional annotation analysis revealed significant differential gene expression in processes related to metabolism, biological regulation, detoxification, photosynthesis, and carbon metabolism, as well as some immune system-related genes. MT demonstrated an increased reliance on Ca2+ pathway-related proteins, such as CNGCs, CDPKs, and CaMCMLs, to resist B. cinerea invasion. B. cinerea infection induced the activation of PTI, ETI, and SA signaling pathways, involving the modulation of various genes such as FLS2, BAK1, CERK1, RPM, SGT1, and EDS1. Furthermore, transcription factors such as WRKY, MYB, NAC, and AUX/IAA families played crucial regulatory roles in tomatoes' defense against B. cinerea. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying tomatoes' defense against B. cinerea and offer potential strategies to enhance plant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bojing Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Yanan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Shasha Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Yinyan Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Guodong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Airong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.T.); (Y.S.); (S.C.); (Y.L.); (G.L.)
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou 350003, China
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8
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Saeed F, Hashmi MH, Aksoy E, Demirel U, Bakhsh A. Identification and characterization of RNA polymerase II (RNAP) C-Terminal domain phosphatase-like 3 (SlCPL3) in tomato under biotic stress. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6783-6793. [PMID: 37392286 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial diseases are a huge threat to the production of tomatoes. During infection intervals, pathogens affect biochemical, oxidant and molecular properties of tomato. Therefore, it is necessary to study the antioxidant enzymes, oxidation state and genes involved during bacterial infection in tomato. METHODS AND RESULTS Different bioinformatic analyses were performed to conduct homology, gene promoter analysis and determined protein structure. Antioxidant, MDA and H2O2 response was measured in Falcon, Rio grande and Sazlica tomato cultivars. In this study, RNA Polymerase II (RNAP) C-Terminal Domain Phosphatase-like 3 (SlCPL-3) gene was identified and characterized. It contained 11 exons, and encoded for two protein domains i.e., CPDCs and BRCT. SOPMA and Phyre2, online bioinformatic tools were used to predict secondary structure. For the identification of protein pockets CASTp web-based tool was used. Netphos and Pondr was used for prediction of phosphorylation sites and protein disordered regions. Promoter analysis revealed that the SlCPL-3 is involved in defense-related mechanisms. We further amplified two different regions of SlCPL-3 and sequenced them. It showed homology respective to the reference tomato genome. Our results showed that SlCPL-3 gene was triggered during bacterial stress. SlCPL-3 expression was upregulated in response to bacterial stress during different time intervals. Rio grande showed a high level of SICPL-3 gene expression after 72 hpi. Biochemical and gene expression analysis showed that under biotic stress Rio grande cultivar is more sensitive to Pst DC 3000 bacteria. CONCLUSION This study lays a solid foundation for the functional characterization of SlCPL-3 gene in tomato cultivars. All these findings would be beneficial for further analysis of SlCPL-3 gene and may be helpful for the development of resilient tomato cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Saeed
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Muneeb Hassan Hashmi
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Emre Aksoy
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Demirel
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Allah Bakhsh
- Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240, Nigde, Turkey.
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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9
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Gupta R, Leibman-Markus M, Weiss D, Spiegelman Z, Bar M. Tobamovirus infection aggravates gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea by manipulating the salicylic acid pathway in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1196456. [PMID: 37377809 PMCID: PMC10291333 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1196456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is the causative agent of gray mold disease, and infects more than 1400 plant species, including important crop plants. In tomato, B. cinerea causes severe damage in greenhouses and post-harvest storage and transport. Plant viruses of the Tobamovirus genus cause significant damage to various crop species. In recent years, the tobamovirus tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) has significantly affected the global tomato industry. Most studies of plant-microbe interactions focus on the interaction between the plant host and a single pathogen, however, in agricultural or natural environments, plants are routinely exposed to multiple pathogens. Here, we examined how preceding tobamovirus infection affects the response of tomato to subsequent infection by B. cinerea. We found that infection with the tobamoviruses tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) or ToBRFV resulted in increased susceptibility to B. cinerea. Analysis of the immune response of tobamovirus-infected plants revealed hyper-accumulation of endogenous salicylic acid (SA), upregulation of SA-responsive transcripts, and activation of SA-mediated immunity. Deficiency in SA biosynthesis decreased tobamovirus-mediated susceptibility to B. cinerea, while exogenous application of SA enhanced B. cinerea symptoms. These results suggest that tobamovirus-mediated accumulation of SA increases the plants' susceptibility to B. cinerea, and provide evidence for a new risk caused by tobamovirus infection in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maya Bar
- *Correspondence: Ziv Spiegelman, ; Maya Bar,
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10
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Luo D, Sun W, Cai J, Hu G, Zhang D, Zhang X, Larkin RM, Zhang J, Yang C, Ye Z, Wang T. SlBBX20 attenuates JA signalling and regulates resistance to Botrytis cinerea by inhibiting SlMED25 in tomato. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:792-805. [PMID: 36582069 PMCID: PMC10037119 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonic acid (JA) plays an important role in regulating plant growth and defence responses. Here, we show that a transcription factor that belongs to the B-box (BBX) family named SlBBX20 regulates resistance to Botrytis cinerea in tomato by modulating JA signalling. The response to JA was significantly suppressed when SlBBX20 was overexpressed in tomato. By contrast, the JA response was enhanced in SlBBX20 knockout lines. RNA sequencing analysis provided more evidence that SlBBX20 modulates the expression of genes that are involved in JA signalling. We found that SlBBX20 interacts with SlMED25, a subunit of the Mediator transcriptional co-activator complex, and prevents the accumulation of the SlMED25 protein and transcription of JA-responsive genes. JA contributes to the defence response against necrotrophic pathogens. Knocking out SlBBX20 or overexpressing SlMED25 enhanced tomato resistance to B. cinerea. The resistance was impaired when SlBBX20 was overexpressed in plants that also overexpressed SlMED25. These data show that SlBBX20 attenuates JA signalling by regulating SlMED25. Interestingly, in addition to developing enhanced resistance to B. cinerea, SlBBX20-KO plants also produced higher fruit yields. SlBBX20 is a potential target gene for efforts that aim to develop elite crop varieties using gene editing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of EducationHuazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Wenhui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of EducationHuazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of EducationHuazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Guoyu Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of EducationHuazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Danqiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of EducationHuazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of EducationHuazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Robert M. Larkin
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of EducationHuazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Junhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of EducationHuazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Changxian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of EducationHuazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of EducationHuazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Taotao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Plant Biology, Ministry of EducationHuazhong Agriculture UniversityWuhanChina
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The NF-Y Transcription Factor Family in Watermelon: Re-Characterization, Assembly of ClNF-Y Complexes, Hormone- and Pathogen-Inducible Expression and Putative Functions in Disease Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415778. [PMID: 36555422 PMCID: PMC9778975 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) is a heterotrimeric transcription factor that binds to the CCAAT cis-element in the promoters of target genes and plays critical roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. In the present study, we aimed to re-characterize the ClNF-Y family in watermelon, examine the assembly of ClNF-Y complexes, and explore their possible involvement in disease resistance. A total of 25 ClNF-Y genes (7 ClNF-YAs, 10 ClNF-YBs, and 8 ClNF-YCs) were identified in the watermelon genome. The ClNF-Y family was comprehensively characterized in terms of gene and protein structures, phylogenetic relationships, and evolution events. Different types of cis-elements responsible for plant growth and development, phytohormones, and/or stress responses were identified in the promoters of the ClNF-Y genes. ClNF-YAs and ClNF-YCs were mainly localized in the nucleus, while most of the ClNF-YBs were localized in the cytoplasm of cells. ClNF-YB5, -YB6, -YB7, -YB8, -YB9, and -YB10 interacted with ClNF-YC2, -YC3, -YC4, -YC5, -YC6, -YC7, and -YC8, while ClNF-YB1 and -YB3 interacted with ClNF-YC1. A total of 37 putative ClNF-Y complexes were identified, e.g., ClNF-YA1, -YA2, -YA3, and -YA7 assembled into 13, 8, 8, and 8 ClNF-Y complexes with different ClNF-YB/-YC heterodimers. Most of the ClNF-Y genes responded with distinct expression patterns to defense hormones such as salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, and ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate, and to infection by the vascular infecting fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum. Overexpression of ClNF-YB1, -YB8, -YB9, ClNF-YC2, and -YC7 in transgenic Arabidopsis resulted in an earlier flowering phenotype. Overexpression of ClNF-YB8 in Arabidopsis led to enhanced resistance while overexpression of ClNF-YA2 and -YC2 resulted in decreased resistance against Botrytis cinerea. Similarly, overexpression of ClNF-YA3, -YB1, and -YC4 strengthened resistance while overexpression of ClNF-YA2 and -YB8 attenuated resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. The re-characterization of the ClNF-Y family provides a basis from which to investigate the biological functions of ClNF-Y genes in respect of growth, development, and stress response in watermelon, and the identification of the functions of some ClNF-Y genes in disease resistance enables further exploration of the molecular mechanism of ClNF-Ys in the regulation of watermelon immunity against diverse pathogens.
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Sun T, Zhou Q, Zhou Z, Song Y, Li Y, Wang HB, Liu B. SQUINT Positively Regulates Resistance to the Pathogen Botrytis cinerea via miR156-SPL9 Module in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1414-1432. [PMID: 35445272 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
SQUINT (SQN) regulates plant maturation by promoting the activity of miR156, which functions primarily in the miR156-SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE9 (SPL9) module regulating plant growth and development. Here, we show that SQN acts in the jasmonate (JA) pathway, a major signaling pathway regulating plant responses to insect herbivory and pathogen infection. Arabidopsis thaliana sqn mutants showed elevated sensitivity to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea compared with wild type. However, SQN is not involved in the early pattern-triggered immunity response often triggered by fungal attack. Rather, SQN positively regulates the JA pathway, as sqn loss-of-function mutants treated with B. cinerea showed reduced JA accumulation, JA response and sensitivity to JA. Furthermore, the miR156-SPL9 module regulates plant resistance to B. cinerea: mir156 mutant, and SPL9 overexpression plants displayed elevated sensitivity to B. cinerea. Moreover, constitutively expressing miR156a or reducing SPL9 expression in the sqn-1 mutant restored the sensitivity of Arabidopsis to B. cinerea and JA responses. These results suggest that SQN positively modulates plant resistance to B. cinerea through the JA pathway, and the miR156-SPL9 module functions as a bridge between SQN and JA to mediate plant resistance to this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiao Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - You Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bin Wang
- Institute of Medical Plant Physiology and Ecology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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Liao CJ, Hailemariam S, Sharon A, Mengiste T. Pathogenic strategies and immune mechanisms to necrotrophs: Differences and similarities to biotrophs and hemibiotrophs. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 69:102291. [PMID: 36063637 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenesis in plant diseases is complex comprising diverse pathogen virulence and plant immune mechanisms. These pathogens cause damaging plant diseases by deploying specialized and generic virulence strategies that are countered by intricate resistance mechanisms. The significant challenges that necrotrophs pose to crop production are predicted to increase with climate change. Immunity to biotrophs and hemibiotrophs is dominated by intracellular receptors that recognize specific effectors and activate resistance. These mechanisms play only minor roles in resistance to necrotrophs. Pathogen- or host-derived conserved pattern molecules trigger immune responses that broadly contribute to plant immunity. However, certain pathogen or host-derived immune elicitors are enriched by the virulence activities of necrotrophs. Different plant hormones modulate systemic resistance and cell death that have differential impacts on resistance to pathogens of different lifestyles. Knowledge of mechanisms that contribute to resistance to necrotrophs has expanded. Besides toxins and cell wall degrading enzymes that dominate the pathogenesis of necrotrophs, other effectors with subtle contributions are being identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jan Liao
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sara Hailemariam
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Amir Sharon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Tesfaye Mengiste
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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14
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Marash I, Leibman‐Markus M, Gupta R, Avni A, Bar M. TOR inhibition primes immunity and pathogen resistance in tomato in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:1035-1047. [PMID: 35441436 PMCID: PMC9190978 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
All organisms need to sense and process information about the availability of nutrients, energy status, and environmental cues to determine the best time for growth and development. The conserved target of rapamycin (TOR) protein kinase has a central role in sensing and perceiving nutritional information. TOR connects environmental information about nutrient availability to developmental and metabolic processes to maintain cellular homeostasis. Under favourable energy conditions, TOR is activated and promotes anabolic processes such as cell division, while suppressing catabolic processes. Conversely, when nutrients are limited or environmental stresses are present, TOR is inactivated, and catabolic processes are promoted. Given the central role of TOR in regulating metabolism, several previous works have examined whether TOR is wired to plant defence. To date, the mechanisms by which TOR influences plant defence are not entirely clear. Here, we addressed this question by testing the effect of inhibiting TOR on immunity and pathogen resistance in tomato. Examining which hormonal defence pathways are influenced by TOR, we show that tomato immune responses and disease resistance to several pathogens increase on TOR inhibition, and that TOR inhibition-mediated resistance probably requires a functional salicylic acid, but not jasmonic acid, pathway. Our results support the notion that TOR is a master regulator of the development-defence switch in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftah Marash
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchAgricultural Research OrganizationVolcani InstituteBet DaganIsrael
- School of Plant Science and Food SecurityTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Meirav Leibman‐Markus
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchAgricultural Research OrganizationVolcani InstituteBet DaganIsrael
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchAgricultural Research OrganizationVolcani InstituteBet DaganIsrael
| | - Adi Avni
- School of Plant Science and Food SecurityTel‐Aviv UniversityTel‐AvivIsrael
| | - Maya Bar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchAgricultural Research OrganizationVolcani InstituteBet DaganIsrael
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FytoSol, a Promising Plant Defense Elicitor, Controls Early Blight (Alternaria solani) Disease in the Tomato by Inducing Host Resistance-Associated Gene Expression. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8060484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Early blight (EB), caused by the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria solani, is one of the most common and destructive diseases in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The use of fungicides is a prominent tactic used to control EB; however, their undesirable effects on the environment and human health, as well as involvement in the development of resistant strains, have driven researchers to search for new alternatives. Plant defense elicitors are exogenous defense-triggering molecules that induce a plant’s defense system associated with extensive transcriptional- and metabolic reprogramming of the genome and do not cause direct toxicity to phytopathogens. Moreover, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) was an early-identified and strong plant defense elicitor to various phytopathogens. Recently, the combination of chitosan oligomers and pectin-derived oligogalacturonides that can mimic the induction of plants by a pathogen or damaged-derived molecules (PAMP and DAMP) were characterized as defense elicitors, named FytoSol. In this study, the preventive roles of these two defense elicitors—FytoSol and INA—against EB disease and its molecular basis, were explored. According to the results, FytoSol significantly reduced disease severity by an average of 30% for almost one month with an AUDPC value of 399 compared to the control, which had an AUDPC value of 546. On the contrary, INA did not provide any protection against EB. Gene expression analyses of these two distinct plant defense elicitors indicated that the expression patterns of several SA-, JA-, or ET-pathway-related genes (Pti4, TPK1b, Pto kinase, TomloxD, PRB1-2, SABP2, WRKY33b, WRKY70, PR-5, and PR3) were induced by defense elicitors differently. FytoSol extensively upregulated gene expressions of PR3, downregulated the SA-related defense pathway, and provided remarkable protection against the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria solani. On the contrary, INA mostly induced genes related to biotrophic and/or hemibiotrophic pathogen protection. Our results indicate that FytoSol is a promising plant defense elicitor against EB and the modes of action of the elicitors are important to characterize their effects against pathogens. Further research may extend the use of defense elicitors as alternatives to pesticides in agriculture.
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Li C, Xu M, Cai X, Han Z, Si J, Chen D. Jasmonate Signaling Pathway Modulates Plant Defense, Growth, and Their Trade-Offs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073945. [PMID: 35409303 PMCID: PMC8999811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-derived jasmonates (JAs) play a crucial role in a variety of plant development and defense mechanisms. In recent years, significant progress has been made toward understanding the JA signaling pathway. In this review, we discuss JA biosynthesis, as well as its core signaling pathway, termination mechanisms, and the evolutionary origin of JA signaling. JA regulates not only plant regeneration, reproductive growth, and vegetative growth but also the responses of plants to stresses, including pathogen as well as virus infection, herbivore attack, and abiotic stresses. We also focus on the JA signaling pathway, considering its crosstalk with the gibberellin (GA), auxin, and phytochrome signaling pathways for mediation of the trade-offs between growth and defense. In summary, JA signals regulate multiple outputs of plant defense and growth and act to balance growth and defense in order to adapt to complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Correspondence: (C.L.); (D.C.)
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Amo A, Soriano JM. Unravelling consensus genomic regions conferring leaf rust resistance in wheat via meta-QTL analysis. THE PLANT GENOME 2022; 15:e20185. [PMID: 34918873 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina Erikss (Pt), is a destructive disease affecting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and a threat to food security. Developing resistant cultivars represents a useful method of disease control, and thus, understanding the genetic basis for leaf rust resistance is required. To this end, a comprehensive bibliographic search for leaf rust resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) was performed, and 393 QTL were collected from 50 QTL mapping studies. Afterward, a consensus map with a total length of 4,567 cM consisting of different types of markers (simple sequence repeat [SSR], diversity arrays technology [DArT], chip-based single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] markers, and SNP markers from genotyping-by-sequencing) was used for QTL projection, and meta-QTL (MQTL) analysis was performed on 320 QTL. A total of 75 MQTL were discovered and refined to 15 high-confidence MQTL (hcmQTL). The candidate genes discovered within the hcmQTL interval were then checked for differential expression using data from three transcriptome studies, resulting in 92 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The expression of these genes in various leaf tissues during wheat development was explored. This study provides insight into leaf rust resistance in wheat and thereby provides an avenue for developing resistant cultivars by incorporating the most important hcmQTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aduragbemi Amo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F Univ., Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jose Miguel Soriano
- Sustainable Field Crops Programme, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Lleida, 25198, Spain
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Saini DK, Chahal A, Pal N, Srivastava P, Gupta PK. Meta-analysis reveals consensus genomic regions associated with multiple disease resistance in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:11. [PMID: 37309411 PMCID: PMC10248701 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In wheat, meta-QTLs (MQTLs) and candidate genes (CGs) were identified for multiple disease resistance (MDR). For this purpose, information was collected from 58 studies for mapping QTLs for resistance to one or more of the five diseases. As many as 493 QTLs were available from these studies, which were distributed in five diseases as follows: septoria tritici blotch (STB) 126 QTLs; septoria nodorum blotch (SNB), 103 QTLs; fusarium head blight (FHB), 184 QTLs; karnal bunt (KB), 66 QTLs; and loose smut (LS), 14 QTLs. Of these 493 QTLs, only 291 QTLs could be projected onto a consensus genetic map, giving 63 MQTLs. The CI of the MQTLs ranged from 0.04 to 15.31 cM with an average of 3.09 cM per MQTL. This is a ~ 4.39 fold reduction from the CI of QTLs, which ranged from 0 to 197.6 cM, with a mean of 13.57 cM. Of 63 MQTLs, 60 were anchored to the reference physical map of wheat (the physical interval of these MQTLs ranged from 0.30 to 726.01 Mb with an average of 74.09 Mb). Thirty-eight (38) of these MQTLs were verified using marker-trait associations (MTAs) derived from genome-wide association studies. As many as 874 CGs were also identified which were further investigated for differential expression using data from five transcriptome studies, resulting in 194 differentially expressed candidate genes (DECGs). Among the DECGs, 85 genes had functions previously reported to be associated with disease resistance. These results should prove useful for fine mapping and cloning of MDR genes and marker-assisted breeding. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01282-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab-141004 India
| | - Amneek Chahal
- College of Agriculture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab-141004 India
| | - Neeraj Pal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, G. B. Pant, University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttrakhand-263145 India
| | - Puja Srivastava
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab-141004 India
| | - Pushpendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004 India
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Jaiswal N, Liao CJ, Mengesha B, Han H, Lee S, Sharon A, Zhou Y, Mengiste T. Regulation of plant immunity and growth by tomato receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase TRK1. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:458-478. [PMID: 34655240 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of quantitative resistance (QR) to fungal pathogens and their relationships with growth pathways are poorly understood. We identified tomato TRK1 (TPK1b Related Kinase1) and determined its functions in tomato QR and plant growth. TRK1 is a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase that complexes with tomato LysM Receptor Kinase (SlLYK1). SlLYK1 and TRK1 are required for chitin-induced fungal resistance, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and expression of immune response genes. Notably, TRK1 and SlLYK1 regulate SlMYC2, a major transcriptional regulator of jasmonic acid (JA) responses and fungal resistance, at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Further, TRK1 is also required for maintenance of proper meristem growth, as revealed by the ectopic meristematic activity, enhanced branching, and altered floral structures in TRK1 RNAi plants. Consistently, TRK1 interacts with SlCLV1 and SlWUS, and TRK1 RNAi plants show increased expression of SlCLV3 and SlWUS in shoot apices. Interestingly, TRK1 suppresses chitin-induced gene expression in meristems but promotes expression of the same genes in leaves. SlCLV1 and TRK1 perform contrasting functions in defense but similar functions in plant growth. Overall, through molecular and biochemical interactions with critical regulators, TRK1 links upstream defense and growth signals to downstream factor in fungal resistance and growth homeostasis response regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Jaiswal
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chao-Jan Liao
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Bemnet Mengesha
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Han Han
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sanghun Lee
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Amir Sharon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Tesfaye Mengiste
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Tomato COI gene family identification and expression under abiotic and phytohormone stress. J Genet 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-021-01331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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García YH, Zamora OR, Troncoso-Rojas R, Tiznado-Hernández ME, Báez-Flores ME, Carvajal-Millan E, Rascón-Chu A. Toward Understanding the Molecular Recognition of Fungal Chitin and Activation of the Plant Defense Mechanism in Horticultural Crops. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216513. [PMID: 34770922 PMCID: PMC8587247 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Large volumes of fruit and vegetable production are lost during postharvest handling due to attacks by necrotrophic fungi. One of the promising alternatives proposed for the control of postharvest diseases is the induction of natural defense responses, which can be activated by recognizing molecules present in pathogens, such as chitin. Chitin is one of the most important components of the fungal cell wall and is recognized through plant membrane receptors. These receptors belong to the receptor-like kinase (RLK) family, which possesses a transmembrane domain and/or receptor-like protein (RLP) that requires binding to another RLK receptor to recognize chitin. In addition, these receptors have extracellular LysM motifs that participate in the perception of chitin oligosaccharides. These receptors have been widely studied in Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) and Oryza sativa (O. sativa); however, it is not clear how the molecular recognition and plant defense mechanisms of chitin oligosaccharides occur in other plant species or fruits. This review includes recent findings on the molecular recognition of chitin oligosaccharides and how they activate defense mechanisms in plants. In addition, we highlight some of the current advances in chitin perception in horticultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaima Henry García
- Coordinación de Tecnología en Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Mexico; (Y.H.G.); (O.R.Z.); (M.E.T.-H.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Orlando Reyes Zamora
- Coordinación de Tecnología en Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Mexico; (Y.H.G.); (O.R.Z.); (M.E.T.-H.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - Rosalba Troncoso-Rojas
- Coordinación de Tecnología en Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Mexico; (Y.H.G.); (O.R.Z.); (M.E.T.-H.); (A.R.-C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Martín Ernesto Tiznado-Hernández
- Coordinación de Tecnología en Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Mexico; (Y.H.G.); (O.R.Z.); (M.E.T.-H.); (A.R.-C.)
| | - María Elena Báez-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa. Calle de las Américas y Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, Culiacán C.P. 80013, Mexico;
| | - Elizabeth Carvajal-Millan
- Coordinación de Tecnología en Alimentos de Origen Animal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Mexico;
| | - Agustín Rascón-Chu
- Coordinación de Tecnología en Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo C.P. 83304, Mexico; (Y.H.G.); (O.R.Z.); (M.E.T.-H.); (A.R.-C.)
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22
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Li T, Chen G, Zhang Q. VvXYLP02 confers gray mold resistance by amplifying jasmonate signaling pathway in Vitis vinifera. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1940019. [PMID: 34254885 PMCID: PMC8331025 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1940019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Xylogen-like proteins (XYLPs) are essential for plant growth, development, and stress responses. However, little is known about the XYLP gene family in grape and its protective effects against gray mold a destructive disease caused by Botrytis cinerea. We identified and characterized six common XYLPs in the Vitis vinifera genome (VvXYLPs). VvXYLP expression pattern analyses with B. cinerea infection showed that VvXYLP02 was significantly up-regulated in the resistant genotype but down-regulated or only slightly up-regulated in the susceptible genotype. VvXYLP02 overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana significantly increased resistance to B. cinerea, indicating that the candidate gene has functional importance. Furthermore, JA treatment significantly up-regulated VvXYLP02 expression in V. vinifera. JA-responsive genes were also up-regulated in VvXYLP02 overexpression lines in A. thaliana under B. cinerea inoculation. These findings suggest that VvXYLP02, which is induced by JA upon the pathogen infection, enhances JA dependent response to enforce plant resistance against gray mold disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinggang Li
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- CONTACT Li Tinggang Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 1-27, Shanda South Road, Jinan250100, China
| | - Guangxia Chen
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
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Li Y, Li S, Du R, Wang J, Li H, Xie D, Yan J. Isoleucine Enhances Plant Resistance Against Botrytis cinerea via Jasmonate Signaling Pathway. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:628328. [PMID: 34489985 PMCID: PMC8416682 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.628328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are the building blocks of biomacromolecules in organisms, among which isoleucine (Ile) is the precursor of JA-Ile, an active molecule of phytohormone jasmonate (JA). JA is essential for diverse plant defense responses against biotic and abiotic stresses. Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic nutritional fungal pathogen that causes the second most severe plant fungal disease worldwide and infects more than 200 kinds of monocot and dicot plant species. In this study, we demonstrated that Ile application enhances plant resistance against B. cinerea in Arabidopsis, which is dependent on the JA receptor COI1 and the jasmonic acid-amido synthetase JAR1. The mutant lib with higher Ile content in leaves exhibits enhanced resistance to B. cinerea infection. Furthermore, we found that the exogenous Ile application moderately enhanced plant resistance to B. cinerea in various horticultural plant species, including lettuce, rose, and strawberry, suggesting a practical and effective strategy to control B. cinerea disease in agriculture. These results together showed that the increase of Ile could positively regulate the resistance of various plants to B. cinerea by enhancing JA signaling, which would offer potential applications for crop protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Suhua Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ran Du
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiou Li
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Daoxin Xie
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbin Yan
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Science, and MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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24
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Receptor kinases in plant responses to herbivory. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 70:143-150. [PMID: 34023544 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants have the ability to detect and respond to biotic stresses. They contain pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that specifically recognize conserved molecules from their enemies and activate immune responses. In this review, I discuss recent efforts to discover PRRs for herbivory-associated cues that originate from oral secretions, eggs, damaged plant cells or secondary endogenous signals. Although several potential PRRs have been identified and shown to confer resistance to insects, proof of direct binding to a ligand is scarce and there are still many uncharacterized ligand-receptor pairs. However, several studies suggest that, like for microbial pathogens, plants use similar PRR complexes to detect herbivory.
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25
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Silva CJ, van den Abeele C, Ortega-Salazar I, Papin V, Adaskaveg JA, Wang D, Casteel CL, Seymour GB, Blanco-Ulate B. Host susceptibility factors render ripe tomato fruit vulnerable to fungal disease despite active immune responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2696-2709. [PMID: 33462583 PMCID: PMC8006553 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The increased susceptibility of ripe fruit to fungal pathogens poses a substantial threat to crop production and marketability. Here, we coupled transcriptomic analyses with mutant studies to uncover critical processes associated with defense and susceptibility in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit. Using unripe and ripe fruit inoculated with three fungal pathogens, we identified common pathogen responses reliant on chitinases, WRKY transcription factors, and reactive oxygen species detoxification. We established that the magnitude and diversity of defense responses do not significantly impact the interaction outcome, as susceptible ripe fruit mounted a strong immune response to pathogen infection. Then, to distinguish features of ripening that may be responsible for susceptibility, we utilized non-ripening tomato mutants that displayed different susceptibility patterns to fungal infection. Based on transcriptional and hormone profiling, susceptible tomato genotypes had losses in the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis, while jasmonic acid accumulation and signaling coincided with defense activation in resistant fruit. We identified and validated a susceptibility factor, pectate lyase (PL). CRISPR-based knockouts of PL, but not polygalacturonase (PG2a), reduced susceptibility of ripe fruit by >50%. This study suggests that targeting specific genes that promote susceptibility is a viable strategy to improve the resistance of tomato fruit against fungal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian J Silva
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Casper van den Abeele
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Victor Papin
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jaclyn A Adaskaveg
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Duoduo Wang
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- School of Biosciences, Plant and Crop Science Division, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, UK
| | - Clare L Casteel
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Graham B Seymour
- School of Biosciences, Plant and Crop Science Division, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, UK
| | - Barbara Blanco-Ulate
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Correspondence:
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26
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Gupta R, Pizarro L, Leibman‐Markus M, Marash I, Bar M. Cytokinin response induces immunity and fungal pathogen resistance, and modulates trafficking of the PRR LeEIX2 in tomato. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2020; 21:1287-1306. [PMID: 32841497 PMCID: PMC7488468 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Plant immunity is often defined by the immunity hormones: salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET). These hormones are well known for differentially regulating defence responses against pathogens. In recent years, the involvement of other plant growth hormones such as auxin, gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, and cytokinins (CKs) in biotic stresses has been recognized. Previous reports have indicated that endogenous and exogenous CK treatment can result in pathogen resistance. We show here that CK induces systemic immunity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), modulating cellular trafficking of the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) LeEIX2, which mediates immune responses to Xyn11 family xylanases, and promoting resistance to Botrytis cinerea and Oidium neolycopersici in an SA- and ET-dependent mechanism. CK perception within the host underlies its protective effect. Our results support the notion that CK promotes pathogen resistance by inducing immunity in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Gupta
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchInstitute of Plant ProtectionAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Lorena Pizarro
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchInstitute of Plant ProtectionAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
- School of Plant Sciences and Food SecurityTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
- Present address:
Institute of Agri‐food, Animal and Environmental SciencesUniversidad de O'HigginsChile
| | - Meirav Leibman‐Markus
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchInstitute of Plant ProtectionAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
| | - Iftah Marash
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchInstitute of Plant ProtectionAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
- School of Plant Sciences and Food SecurityTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael
| | - Maya Bar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed ResearchInstitute of Plant ProtectionAgricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZionIsrael
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27
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Steinbrenner AD. The evolving landscape of cell surface pattern recognition across plant immune networks. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 56:135-146. [PMID: 32615401 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To recognize diverse threats, plants monitor extracellular molecular patterns and transduce intracellular immune signaling through receptor complexes at the plasma membrane. Pattern recognition occurs through a prototypical network of interacting proteins, comprising A) receptors that recognize inputs associated with a growing number of pest and pathogen classes (bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, caterpillars), B) co-receptor kinases that participate in binding and signaling, and C) cytoplasmic kinases that mediate first stages of immune output. While this framework has been elucidated in reference accessions of model organisms, network components are part of gene families with widespread variation, potentially tuning immunocompetence for specific contexts. Most dramatically, variation in receptor repertoires determines the range of ligands acting as immunogenic inputs for a given plant. Diversification of receptor kinase (RK) and related receptor-like protein (RLP) repertoires may tune responses even within a species. Comparative genomics at pangenome scale will reveal patterns and features of immune network variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Steinbrenner
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle WA 98195, USA; Washington Research Foundation, Seattle, WA 98102, USA.
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28
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Zhang H, Zhang H, Lin J. Systemin-mediated long-distance systemic defense responses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:1573-1582. [PMID: 32083726 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Systemin, a peptide plant hormone of 18 amino acids, coordinates local and systemic immune responses. The activation of the canonical systemin-mediated systemic signaling pathway involves systemin release from its precursor prosystemin, systemin binding to its membrane receptor SYSTEMIN RECEPTOR1 (SYR1), and the transport of long-distance signaling molecules, including jasmonic acid, the prosystemin mRNA, volatile organic compounds and possibly systemin itself. Here, we review emerging evidence that the disordered structure and unconventional processing and secretion of systemin contribute to the regulation of systemin-mediated signaling during plant defense. We highlight recent advances in systemin research, which elucidated how cells integrate multiple long-distance signals into the systemic defense response. In addition, we discuss the perception of systemin by SYR1 and its mediation of downstream defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jinxing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design and College of Biological Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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29
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Zhang H, Zhang Q, Zhai H, Gao S, Yang L, Wang Z, Xu Y, Huo J, Ren Z, Zhao N, Wang X, Li J, Liu Q, He S. IbBBX24 Promotes the Jasmonic Acid Pathway and Enhances Fusarium Wilt Resistance in Sweet Potato. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1102-1123. [PMID: 32034034 PMCID: PMC7145486 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is an important source of food for both humans and domesticated animals. Here, we show that the B-box (BBX) family transcription factor IbBBX24 regulates the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway in sweet potato. When IbBBX24 was overexpressed in sweet potato, JA accumulation increased, whereas silencing this gene decreased JA levels. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that IbBBX24 modulates the expression of genes involved in the JA pathway. IbBBX24 regulates JA responses by antagonizing the JA signaling repressor IbJAZ10, which relieves IbJAZ10's repression of IbMYC2, a JA signaling activator. IbBBX24 binds to the IbJAZ10 promoter and activates its transcription, whereas it represses the transcription of IbMYC2 The interaction between IbBBX24 and IbJAZ10 interferes with IbJAZ10's repression of IbMYC2, thereby promoting the transcriptional activity of IbMYC2. Overexpressing IbBBX24 significantly increased Fusarium wilt disease resistance, suggesting that JA responses play a crucial role in regulating Fusarium wilt resistance in sweet potato. Finally, overexpressing IbBBX24 led to increased yields in sweet potato. Together, our findings indicate that IbBBX24 plays a pivotal role in regulating JA biosynthesis and signaling and increasing Fusarium wilt resistance and yield in sweet potato, thus providing a candidate gene for developing elite crop varieties with enhanced pathogen resistance but without yield penalty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaopei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, The Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuetong Xu
- Department of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jinxi Huo
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhitong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangfeng Wang
- Department of Crop Genomics and Bioinformatics, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingchang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaozhen He
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis & Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy & Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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30
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Kim JH, Castroverde CDM. Diversity, Function and Regulation of Cell Surface and Intracellular Immune Receptors in Solanaceae. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040434. [PMID: 32244634 PMCID: PMC7238418 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The first layer of the plant immune system comprises plasma membrane-localized receptor proteins and intracellular receptors of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein superfamily. Together, these immune receptors act as a network of surveillance machines in recognizing extracellular and intracellular pathogen invasion-derived molecules, ranging from conserved structural epitopes to virulence-promoting effectors. Successful pathogen recognition leads to physiological and molecular changes in the host plants, which are critical for counteracting and defending against biotic attack. A breadth of significant insights and conceptual advances have been derived from decades of research in various model plant species regarding the structural complexity, functional diversity, and regulatory mechanisms of these plant immune receptors. In this article, we review the current state-of-the-art of how these host surveillance proteins function and how they are regulated. We will focus on the latest progress made in plant species belonging to the Solanaceae family, because of their tremendous importance as model organisms and agriculturally valuable crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hum Kim
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (J.H.K.); (C.D.M.C.)
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31
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Sham A, Al-Ashram H, Whitley K, Iratni R, El-Tarabily KA, AbuQamar SF. Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Multiple Environmental Stresses Identifies RAP2.4 Gene Associated with Arabidopsis Immunity to Botrytis cinerea. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17010. [PMID: 31740741 PMCID: PMC6861241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to identify common genetic components during stress response responsible for crosstalk among stresses, and to determine the role of differentially expressed genes in Arabidopsis-Botrytis cinerea interaction. Of 1,554 B. cinerea up-regulated genes, 24%, 1.4% and 14% were induced by biotic, abiotic and hormonal treatments, respectively. About 18%, 2.5% and 22% of B. cinerea down-regulated genes were also repressed by the same stress groups. Our transcriptomic analysis indicates that plant responses to all tested stresses can be mediated by commonly regulated genes; and protein-protein interaction network confirms the cross-interaction between proteins regulated by these genes. Upon challenges to individual or multiple stress(es), accumulation of signaling molecules (e.g. hormones) plays a major role in the activation of downstream defense responses. In silico gene analyses enabled us to assess the involvement of RAP2.4 (related to AP2.4) in plant immunity. Arabidopsis RAP2.4 was repressed by B. cinerea, and its mutants enhanced resistance to the same pathogen. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the role of RAP2.4 in plant defense against B. cinerea. This research can provide a basis for breeding programs to increase tolerance and improve yield performance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sham
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al-Ain, UAE
| | | | - Kenna Whitley
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al-Ain, UAE. .,School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia.
| | - Synan F AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al-Ain, UAE.
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Jia H, Li J, Zhang J, Sun P, Lu M, Hu J. The Salix psammophila SpRLCK1 involved in drought and salt tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 144:222-233. [PMID: 31586722 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) play critical roles in biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. However, the functions of RLCKs from the desert shrub willow Salix psammophila have not been characterized. Here, we focused on the biological function of SpRLCK1, which was previously identified as a potential drought-related gene. Phylogenetic analysis and subcellular localization revealed that SpRLCK1 was a cytoplasmic-localized protein with a protein kinase domain and belonged to the RLCK VIIa subclass. Gene expression profile revealed that SpRLCK1 was predominantly expressed in the root, being consistent with the GUS staining of pSpRLCK1:GUS transgenic plants. Additionally, the expression of SpRLCK1 was significantly induced by drought and salt stresses. To verify the function of SpRLCK1, we generated its overexpressing transgenic lines in Arabidopsis thaliana. The SpRLCK1-overexpressing plants exhibited higher tolerance to drought and salt stresses, as evidenced by the higher survival rate, relative water content and antioxidant enzyme activity than those of wild-type plants. The SpRLCK1-overexpressing plants enhanced drought and salt tolerance by improving ROS-scavenging activities. A co-expression network for SpRLCK1 was constructed, and the expression analysis indicated that SpRLCK1 regulated the expression of a series of stress-related genes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SpRLCK1 confers plant drought and salt tolerance through enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and cooperating with stress-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Experimental Center of Forestry in North China, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 102300, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Pei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Mengzhu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Jianjun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Coppola M, Di Lelio I, Romanelli A, Gualtieri L, Molisso D, Ruocco M, Avitabile C, Natale R, Cascone P, Guerrieri E, Pennacchio F, Rao R. Tomato Plants Treated with Systemin Peptide Show Enhanced Levels of Direct and Indirect Defense Associated with Increased Expression of Defense-Related Genes. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100395. [PMID: 31623335 PMCID: PMC6843623 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense peptides represent an important class of compounds active against pathogens and insects. These molecules controlling immune barriers can potentially be used as novel tools for plant protection, which mimic natural defense mechanisms against invaders. The constitutive expression in tomato plants of the precursor of the defense peptide systemin was previously demonstrated to increase tolerance against moth larvae and aphids and to hamper the colonization by phytopathogenic fungi, through the expression of a wealth of defense-related genes. In this work we studied the impact of the exogenous supply of systemin to tomato plants on pests to evaluate the use of the peptide as a tool for crop protection in non-transgenic approaches. By combining gene expression studies and bioassays with different pests we demonstrate that the exogenous supply of systemin to tomato plants enhances both direct and indirect defense barriers. Experimental plants, exposed to this peptide by foliar spotting or root uptake through hydroponic culture, impaired larval growth and development of the noctuid moth Spodoptera littoralis, even across generations, reduced the leaf colonization by the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and were more attractive towards natural herbivore antagonists. The induction of these defense responses was found to be associated with molecular and biochemical changes under control of the systemin signalling cascade. Our results indicate that the direct delivery of systemin, likely characterized by a null effect on non-target organisms, represents an interesting tool for the sustainable protection of tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Coppola
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Ilaria Di Lelio
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Alessandra Romanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | | | - Donata Molisso
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Michelina Ruocco
- CNR-IPSP, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.G.); (M.R.)
| | | | - Roberto Natale
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Pasquale Cascone
- CNR-IPSP, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Emilio Guerrieri
- CNR-IPSP, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (L.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Francesco Pennacchio
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.L.); (D.M.)
| | - Rosa Rao
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (I.D.L.); (D.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-2539204
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Wang Q, Chen X, Chai X, Xue D, Zheng W, Shi Y, Wang A. The Involvement of Jasmonic Acid, Ethylene, and Salicylic Acid in the Signaling Pathway of Clonostachys rosea-Induced Resistance to Gray Mold Disease in Tomato. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2019; 109:1102-1114. [PMID: 30880572 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-19-0025-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tomato gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea is a serious disease that threatens tomato production around the world. Clonostachys rosea has been used successfully as a biocontrol agent against divergent plant pathogens, including B. cinerea. To understand the signal transduction pathway of C. rosea-induced resistance to tomato gray mold disease, the effects of C. rosea on gray mold tomato leaves along with changes in the activities of three defense enzymes (phenylalanine ammonialyase [PAL], polyphenol oxidase [PPO], and catalase [CAT]), second messengers (nitric oxide [NO], hydrogen peroxide [H2O2], and superoxide anion radical [O2-]), and stress-related genes (mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK], WRKY, Lexyl2, and atpA) in four different hormone-deficient (jasmonic acid [JA], ethylene [ET], salicylic acid [SA], and gibberellin) tomato mutants were investigated. The results revealed that C. rosea significantly inhibited the growth of mycelia and spore germination of B. cinerea. Furthermore, it reduced the incidence of gray mold disease, induced higher levels of PAL and PPO, and induced lower levels of CAT activities in tomato leaves. Moreover, it also increased NO, H2O2, and O2- levels and the gene expression levels of WRKY, MAPK, atpA, and Lexyl2. The incidence of gray mold disease in four hormone-deficient mutants was higher than that in the corresponding wild-type tomato plants. Among all of these hormone-deficient tomato mutants, JA had the most significant effect in regulating the different signal molecules. Additional study suggested that JA upregulated the expression of Lexyl2, MAPK, and WRKY but downregulated atpA. Furthermore, JA also enhanced the activity of PAL, PPO, and CAT and the production of NO and H2O2. SA downregulated CAT and PAL, whereas ET upregulated PAL but downregulated CAT. This study is of significance in understanding the regulatory pathways and biocontrol mechanism of C. rosea against B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Wang
- 1 College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiuling Chen
- 2 College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinfeng Chai
- 1 College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Dongqi Xue
- 3 College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- 2 College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yuying Shi
- 2 College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Aoxue Wang
- 1 College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- 2 College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Liu S, Wang J, Jiang S, Wang H, Gao Y, Zhang H, Li D, Song F. Tomato SlSAP3, a member of the stress-associated protein family, is a positive regulator of immunity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2019; 20:815-830. [PMID: 30907488 PMCID: PMC6637894 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tomato stress-associated proteins (SAPs) belong to A20/AN1 zinc finger protein family, some of which have been shown to play important roles in plant stress responses. However, little is known about the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of SAPs in plant immune responses. In the present study, we reported the function of tomato SlSAP3 in immunity to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000. Silencing of SlSAP3 attenuated while overexpression of SlSAP3 in transgenic tomato increased immunity to Pst DC3000, accompanied with reduced and increased Pst DC3000-induced expression of SA signalling and defence genes, respectively. Flg22-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and expression of PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) marker genes SlPTI5 and SlLRR22 were strengthened in SlSAP3-OE plants but were weakened in SlSAP3-silenced plants. SlSAP3 interacted with two SlBOBs and the A20 domain in SlSAP3 is critical for the SlSAP3-SlBOB1 interaction. Silencing of SlBOB1 and co-silencing of all three SlBOB genes conferred increased resistance to Pst DC3000, accompanied with increased Pst DC3000-induced expression of SA signalling and defence genes. These data demonstrate that SlSAP3 acts as a positive regulator of immunity against Pst DC3000 in tomato through the SA signalling and that SlSAP3 may exert its function in immunity by interacting with other proteins such as SlBOBs, which act as negative regulators of immunity against Pst DC3000 in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixia Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Jiali Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Siyu Jiang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Yizhou Gao
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
- College of Life ScienceTaizhou UniversityTaizhouZhejiang318000China
| | - Dayong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
| | - Fengming Song
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058China
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36
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Liu S, Yuan X, Wang Y, Wang H, Wang J, Shen Z, Gao Y, Cai J, Li D, Song F. Tomato Stress-Associated Protein 4 Contributes Positively to Immunity Against Necrotrophic Fungus Botrytis cinerea. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:566-582. [PMID: 30589365 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-18-0097-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stress-associated proteins (SAPs) are A20 and AN1 domain-containing proteins, some of which play important roles in plant stress signaling. Here, we report the involvement of tomato SlSAP family in immunity. SlSAPs responded with different expression patterns to Botrytis cinerea and defense signaling hormones. Virus-induced gene silencing of each of the SlSAP genes and disease assays revealed that SlSAP4 and SlSAP10 play roles in immunity against B. cinerea. Silencing of SlSAP4 resulted in attenuated immunity to B. cinerea, accompanying increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species and downregulated expression of jasmonate and ethylene (JA/ET) signaling-responsive defense genes. Transient expression of SlSAP4 in Nicotiana benthamiana led to enhanced resistance to B. cinerea. Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate partially restored the resistance of the SlSAP4-silenced plants against B. cinerea. SlSAP4 interacted with three of four SlRAD23 proteins. The A20 domain in SlSAP4 and the Ub-associated domains in SlRAD23d are critical for SlSAP4-SlRAD23d interaction. Silencing of SlRAD23d led to decreased resistance to B. cinerea, but silencing of each of other SlRAD23s did not affect immunity against B. cinerea. Furthermore, silencing of SlSAP4 and each of the SlRAD23s did not affect immunity to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. These data suggest that SlSAP4 contributes positively to tomato immunity against B. cinereal through affecting JA/ET signaling and may be involved in the substrate ubiquitination process via interacting with SlRAD23d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixia Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xi Yuan
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yuyan Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zhihui Shen
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yizhou Gao
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jiating Cai
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Fengming Song
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology and Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
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37
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Soltis NE, Atwell S, Shi G, Fordyce R, Gwinner R, Gao D, Shafi A, Kliebenstein DJ. Interactions of Tomato and Botrytis cinerea Genetic Diversity: Parsing the Contributions of Host Differentiation, Domestication, and Pathogen Variation. THE PLANT CELL 2019; 31:502-519. [PMID: 30647076 PMCID: PMC6447006 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Although the impacts of crop domestication on specialist pathogens are well known, less is known about the interaction of crop variation and generalist pathogens. To study how genetic variation within a crop affects plant resistance to generalist pathogens, we infected a collection of wild and domesticated tomato accessions with a genetically diverse population of the generalist pathogen Botrytis cinerea We quantified variation in lesion size of 97 B. cinerea genotypes (isolates) on six domesticated tomato genotypes (Solanum lycopersicum) and six wild tomato genotypes (Solanum pimpinellifolium). Lesion size was significantly affected by large effects of the host and pathogen's genotype, with a much smaller contribution of domestication. This pathogen collection also enables genome-wide association mapping of B. cinerea Genome-wide association mapping of the pathogen showed that virulence is highly polygenic and involves a diversity of mechanisms. Breeding against this pathogen would likely require the use of diverse isolates to capture all possible mechanisms. Critically, we identified a subset of B. cinerea genes where allelic variation was linked to altered virulence against wild versus domesticated tomato, as well as loci that could handle both groups. This generalist pathogen already has a large collection of allelic variation that must be considered when designing a breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Soltis
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Susanna Atwell
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Gongjun Shi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, 58102
| | - Rachel Fordyce
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Raoni Gwinner
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616
- Department of Agriculture, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Dihan Gao
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Aysha Shafi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616
| | - Daniel J Kliebenstein
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616
- DynaMo Center of Excellence, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Haile ZM, Malacarne G, Pilati S, Sonego P, Moretto M, Masuero D, Vrhovsek U, Engelen K, Baraldi E, Moser C. Dual Transcriptome and Metabolic Analysis of Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot Noir Berry and Botrytis cinerea During Quiescence and Egressed Infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1704. [PMID: 32082332 PMCID: PMC7002552 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is an important necrotroph in vineyards. Primary infections are mostly initiated by airborne conidia from overwintered sources around bloom, then the fungus remains quiescent from bloom till maturity and egresses at ripeness. We previously described in detail the process of flower infection and quiescence initiation. Here, we complete the characterization studying the cross-talk between the plant and the fungus during pathogen quiescence and egression by an integrated transcriptomic and metabolic analysis of the host and the pathogen. Flowers from fruiting cuttings of the cv. Pinot Noir were inoculated with a GFP-labeled strain of B. cinerea at full cap-off stage, and molecular analyses were carried out at 4 weeks post inoculation (wpi, fungal quiescent state) and at 12 wpi (fungal pre-egression and egression states). The expressed fungal transcriptome highlighted that the fungus remodels its cell wall to evade plant chitinases besides undergoing basal metabolic activities. Berries responded by differentially regulating genes encoding for different PR proteins and genes involved in monolignol, flavonoid, and stilbenoid biosynthesis pathways. At 12 wpi, the transcriptome of B. cinerea in the pre-egressed samples showed that virulence-related genes were expressed, suggesting infection process was initiated. The egressed B. cinerea expressed almost all virulence and growth related genes that enabled the pathogen to colonize the berries. In response to egression, ripe berries reprogrammed different defense responses, though futile. Examples are activation of membrane localized kinases, stilbene synthases, and other PR proteins related to SA and JA-mediated responses. Our results indicated that hard-green berries defense program was capable to hamper B. cinerea growth. However, ripening associated fruit cell wall self-disassembly together with high humidity created the opportunity for the fungus to egress and cause bunch rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeraye Mehari Haile
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Pathology, DISTAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Plant Protection Research Division of Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Giulia Malacarne
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giulia Malacarne,
| | - Stefania Pilati
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Paolo Sonego
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Marco Moretto
- Unit of Computational Biology, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Kristof Engelen
- ESAT-ELECTA, Electrical Energy and Computer Architectures, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elena Baraldi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Pathology, DISTAL, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Moser
- Department of Genomics and Biology of Fruit Crops, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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39
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Bai JF, Wang YK, Wang P, Yuan SH, Gao JG, Duan WJ, Wang N, Zhang FT, Zhang WJ, Qin MY, Zhao CP, Zhang LP. Genome-wide identification and analysis of the COI gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). BMC Genomics 2018; 19:754. [PMID: 30332983 PMCID: PMC6192174 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5116-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COI (CORONATINE INSENSITIVE), an F-box component of the Skp1-Cullin-F-box protein (SCFCOI1) ubiquitin E3 ligase, plays important roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. Recent studies have shown that COIs are involved in pollen fertility. In this study, we identified and characterized COI genes in the wheat genome and analyzed expression patterns under abiotic stress. Results A total of 18 COI candidate sequences for 8 members of COI gene family were isolated in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Phylogenetic and structural analyses showed that these COI genes could be divided into seven distinct subfamilies. The COI genes showed high expression in stamens and glumes. The qRT-PCR results revealed that wheat COIs were involved in several abiotic stress responses and anther/glume dehiscence in the photoperiod-temperature sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) wheat line BS366. Conclusions The structural characteristics and expression patterns of the COI gene family in wheat as well as the stress-responsive and differential tissue-specific expression profiles of each TaCOI gene were examined in PTGMS wheat line BS366. In addition, we examined SA- and MeJA-induced gene expression in the wheat anther and glume to investigate the role of COI in the JA signaling pathway, involved in the regulation of abnormal anther dehiscence in the PTGMS wheat line. The results of this study contribute novel and detailed information about the TaCOI gene family in wheat and could be used as a benchmark for future studies of the molecular mechanisms of PTGMS in other crops. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5116-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fang Bai
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, 100097, China.,The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 10097, China
| | - Yu-Kun Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, 100097, China.,The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 10097, China.,Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, 100097, China.,The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 10097, China
| | - Shao-Hua Yuan
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, 100097, China.,The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 10097, China
| | - Jian-Gang Gao
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, 100097, China.,The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 10097, China
| | - Wen-Jing Duan
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, 100097, China.,The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 10097, China
| | - Na Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, 100097, China.,The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 10097, China
| | - Feng-Ting Zhang
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, 100097, China.,The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 10097, China
| | - Wen-Jie Zhang
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, 100097, China.,The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 10097, China
| | - Meng-Ying Qin
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, 100097, China.,The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 10097, China
| | - Chang-Ping Zhao
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, 100097, China. .,The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 10097, China.
| | - Li-Ping Zhang
- Beijing Engineering and Technique Research Center for Hybrid Wheat, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Beijing, 100097, China. .,The Municipal Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetic of Hybrid Wheat, Beijing, 10097, China.
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Xu S, Liao CJ, Jaiswal N, Lee S, Yun DJ, Lee SY, Garvey M, Kaplan I, Mengiste T. Tomato PEPR1 ORTHOLOG RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE1 Regulates Responses to Systemin, Necrotrophic Fungi, and Insect Herbivory. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:2214-2229. [PMID: 30131419 PMCID: PMC6181013 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.17.00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous peptides regulate plant immunity and growth. Systemin, a peptide specific to the Solanaceae, is known for its functions in plant responses to insect herbivory and pathogen infections. Here, we describe the identification of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) PEPR1/2 ORTHOLOG RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE1 (PORK1) as the TOMATO PROTEIN KINASE1b (TPK1b) interacting protein and demonstrate its biological functions in systemin signaling and tomato immune responses. Tomato PORK1 RNA interference (RNAi) plants with significantly reduced PORK1 expression showed increased susceptibility to tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta), reduced seedling growth sensitivity to the systemin peptide, and compromised systemin-mediated resistance to Botrytis cinerea. Systemin-induced expression of Proteinase Inhibitor II (PI-II), a classical marker for systemin signaling, was abrogated in PORK1 RNAi plants. Similarly, in response to systemin and wounding, the expression of jasmonate pathway genes was attenuated in PORK1 RNAi plants. TPK1b, a key regulator of tomato defense against B. cinerea and M. sexta, was phosphorylated by PORK1. Interestingly, wounding- and systemin-induced phosphorylation of TPK1b was attenuated when PORK1 expression was suppressed. Our data suggest that resistance to B. cinerea and M. sexta is dependent on PORK1-mediated responses to systemin and subsequent phosphorylation of TPK1b. Altogether, PORK1 regulates tomato systemin, wounding, and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Xu
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Chao-Jan Liao
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Namrata Jaiswal
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Sanghun Lee
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Sang Yeol Lee
- Division of Applied Life Sciences (BK 21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju City 660-701, Korea
| | - Michael Garvey
- Department of Entomology, Smith Hall, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2089
| | - Ian Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Tesfaye Mengiste
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
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Naureen Z, Sham A, Al Ashram H, Gilani SA, Al Gheilani S, Mabood F, Hussain J, Al Harrasi A, AbuQamar SF. Effect of phosphate nutrition on growth, physiology and phosphate transporter expression of cucumber seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 127:211-222. [PMID: 29614440 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although abundantly present in soils, inorganic phosphate (Pi) acquisition by plants is highly dependent on the transmembrane phosphate transporter (PT) gene family. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) requires a large amount of phosphorus (P). The purpose of this study was to isolate the CsPT2-1 from cucumber roots, and to determine the influence of Pi nutrition on cucumber growth, metabolism and transcript levels of CsPT2-1 in tissues. Full length CsPT2-1 was cloned and phylogenetically identified. In two greenhouse experiments, P-deficient seedlings provided with low or high P concentrations were sampled at 10 and 21 days post treatment, respectively. Addition of P dramatically reduced growth of roots but not shoots. Supplying plants with high P resulted in increased total protein in leaves. Acid phosphatase activity increased significantly in leaves at any rate higher than 4 mM P. Increasing P concentration had a notable decrease in glucose concentrations in leaves of plants supplied with >0.5 mM P. In roots, glucose and starch concentrations increased with increasing P supply. Steady-state transcript levels of CsPT2-1 were high in P-deprived roots, but declined when plants were provided >10 mM P. To our knowledge, this is the first report focusing on a PT and its expression levels in cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakira Naureen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Arjun Sham
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hibatullah Al Ashram
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Syed A Gilani
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Salma Al Gheilani
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Fazal Mabood
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Javid Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al Harrasi
- UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products, University of Nizwa, Oman
| | - Synan F AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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42
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Liang X, Zhou JM. Receptor-Like Cytoplasmic Kinases: Central Players in Plant Receptor Kinase-Mediated Signaling. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 69:267-299. [PMID: 29719165 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042817-040540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Receptor kinases (RKs) are of paramount importance in transmembrane signaling that governs plant reproduction, growth, development, and adaptation to diverse environmental conditions. Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs), which lack extracellular ligand-binding domains, have emerged as a major class of signaling proteins that regulate plant cellular activities in response to biotic/abiotic stresses and endogenous extracellular signaling molecules. By associating with immune RKs, RLCKs regulate multiple downstream signaling nodes to orchestrate a complex array of defense responses against microbial pathogens. RLCKs also associate with RKs that perceive brassinosteroids and signaling peptides to coordinate growth, pollen tube guidance, embryonic and stomatal patterning, floral organ abscission, and abiotic stress responses. The activity and stability of RLCKs are dynamically regulated not only by RKs but also by other RLCK-associated proteins. Analyses of RLCK-associated components and substrates have suggested phosphorylation relays as a major mechanism underlying RK-mediated signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, 100101 Beijing, China;
| | - Jian-Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, 100101 Beijing, China;
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Du M, Zhao J, Tzeng DTW, Liu Y, Deng L, Yang T, Zhai Q, Wu F, Huang Z, Zhou M, Wang Q, Chen Q, Zhong S, Li CB, Li C. MYC2 Orchestrates a Hierarchical Transcriptional Cascade That Regulates Jasmonate-Mediated Plant Immunity in Tomato. THE PLANT CELL 2017; 29:1883-1906. [PMID: 28733419 PMCID: PMC5590496 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.16.00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The hormone jasmonate (JA), which functions in plant immunity, regulates resistance to pathogen infection and insect attack through triggering genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming in plants. We show that the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (TF) MYC2 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) acts downstream of the JA receptor to orchestrate JA-mediated activation of both the wounding and pathogen responses. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) coupled with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) assays, we identified 655 MYC2-targeted JA-responsive genes. These genes are highly enriched in Gene Ontology categories related to TFs and the early response to JA, indicating that MYC2 functions at a high hierarchical level to regulate JA-mediated gene transcription. We also identified a group of MYC2-targeted TFs (MTFs) that may directly regulate the JA-induced transcription of late defense genes. Our findings suggest that MYC2 and its downstream MTFs form a hierarchical transcriptional cascade during JA-mediated plant immunity that initiates and amplifies transcriptional output. As proof of concept, we showed that during plant resistance to the necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea, MYC2 and the MTF JA2-Like form a transcription module that preferentially regulates wounding-responsive genes, whereas MYC2 and the MTF ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR.C3 form a transcription module that preferentially regulates pathogen-responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Du
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jiuhai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - David T W Tzeng
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tianxia Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qingzhe Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fangming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Silin Zhong
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chang-Bao Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Vegetable Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Zhang Y, Liang Y, Qiu D, Yuan J, Yang X. Comparison of cerato-platanin family protein BcSpl1 produced in Pichia pastoris and Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 136:20-26. [PMID: 28606662 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Botrytis cinerea BcSpl1 protein is a member of the cerato-platanin family, and consists of 137 amino acids and two disulfide bridges. This protein induces the onset of necrosis in infiltrated plant hosts. Recombinant BcSpl1 proteins produced in Pichia pastoris (pBcSpl1) and Escherichia coli (eBcSpl1) were initially compared regarding their abilities to induce necrosis and systemic acquired resistance (SAR). The pBcSpl1 and eBcSpl1 treatments led to the development of necrotic lesions on tomato leaves, and provided tomato plants with SAR to B. cinerea. The lesion area of leaves infiltrated with the BcSpl1 proteins decreased by 22.7% (pBcSpl1) and 21.8% (eBcSpl1). Additionally, eBcSpl1 up-regulated the expression levels of some defense-related genes, including PR-1a, prosystemin, PI I, and PI II, as well as SIPK and TPK1b, which encode two protein kinases. Furthermore, eBcSpl1 exhibited chitin-binding properties. Our data revealed that the E. coli expression system produces higher BcSpl1 yields than the P. pastoris system. This high-yield expression of BcSpl1 may be relevant for future large-scale applications of this elicitor to improve crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhong-guan-cun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yingbo Liang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhong-guan-cun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dewen Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhong-guan-cun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jingjing Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhong-guan-cun South Street, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiufen Yang
- The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhong-guan-cun South Street, Beijing 100081, China.
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De Novo Assembly, Annotation, and Characterization of Root Transcriptomes of Three Caladium Cultivars with a Focus on Necrotrophic Pathogen Resistance/Defense-Related Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040712. [PMID: 28346370 PMCID: PMC5412298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Roots are vital to plant survival and crop yield, yet few efforts have been made to characterize the expressed genes in the roots of non-model plants (root transcriptomes). This study was conducted to sequence, assemble, annotate, and characterize the root transcriptomes of three caladium cultivars (Caladium × hortulanum) using RNA-Seq. The caladium cultivars used in this study have different levels of resistance to Pythiummyriotylum, the most damaging necrotrophic pathogen to caladium roots. Forty-six to 61 million clean reads were obtained for each caladium root transcriptome. De novo assembly of the reads resulted in approximately 130,000 unigenes. Based on bioinformatic analysis, 71,825 (52.3%) caladium unigenes were annotated for putative functions, 48,417 (67.4%) and 31,417 (72.7%) were assigned to Gene Ontology (GO) and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), respectively, and 46,406 (64.6%) unigenes were assigned to 128 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. A total of 4518 distinct unigenes were observed only in Pythium-resistant "Candidum" roots, of which 98 seemed to be involved in disease resistance and defense responses. In addition, 28,837 simple sequence repeat sites and 44,628 single nucleotide polymorphism sites were identified among the three caladium cultivars. These root transcriptome data will be valuable for further genetic improvement of caladium and related aroids.
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Sham A, Moustafa K, Al-Shamisi S, Alyan S, Iratni R, AbuQamar S. Microarray analysis of Arabidopsis WRKY33 mutants in response to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172343. [PMID: 28207847 PMCID: PMC5313235 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The WRKY33 transcription factor was reported for resistance to the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea. Using microarray-based analysis, we compared Arabidopsis WRKY33 overexpressing lines and wrky33 mutant that showed altered susceptibility to B. cinerea with their corresponding wild-type plants. In the wild-type, about 1660 genes (7% of the transcriptome) were induced and 1054 genes (5% of the transcriptome) were repressed at least twofold at early stages of inoculation with B. cinerea, confirming previous data of the contribution of these genes in B. cinerea resistance. In Arabidopsis wild-type plant infected with B. cinerea, the expressions of the differentially expressed genes encoding for proteins and metabolites involved in pathogen defense and non-defense responses, seem to be dependent on a functional WRKY33 gene. The expression profile of 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid- and phytoprostane A1-treated Arabidopsis plants in response to B. cinerea revealed that cyclopentenones can also modulate WRKY33 regulation upon inoculation with B. cinerea. These results support the role of electrophilic oxylipins in mediating plant responses to B. cinerea infection through the TGA transcription factor. Future directions toward the identification of the molecular components in cyclopentenone signaling will elucidate the novel oxylipin signal transduction pathways in plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sham
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Shamma Al-Shamisi
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sofyan Alyan
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Synan AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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47
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AbuQamar S, Moustafa K, Tran LS. Mechanisms and strategies of plant defense against Botrytis cinerea. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 37:262-274. [PMID: 28056558 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1271767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Biotic factors affect plant immune responses and plant resistance to pathogen infections. Despite the considerable progress made over the past two decades in manipulating genes, proteins and their levels from diverse sources, no complete genetic tolerance to environmental stresses has been developed so far in any crops. Plant defense response to pathogens, including Botrytis cinerea, is a complex biological process involving various changes at the biochemical, molecular (i.e. transcriptional) and physiological levels. Once a pathogen is detected, effective plant resistance activates signaling networks through the generation of small signaling molecules and the balance of hormonal signaling pathways to initiate defense mechanisms to the particular pathogen. Recently, studies using Arabidopsis thaliana and crop plants have shown that many genes are involved in plant responses to B. cinerea infection. In this article, we will review our current understanding of mechanisms regulating plant responses to B. cinerea with a particular interest on hormonal regulatory networks involving phytohormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET) and abscisic acid (ABA). We will also highlight some potential gene targets that are promising for improving crop resistance to B. cinerea through genetic engineering and breeding programs. Finally, the role of biological control as a complementary and alternative disease management will be overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Synan AbuQamar
- a Department of Biology , United Arab Emirates University , Al-Ain , UAE
| | - Khaled Moustafa
- b Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers , Paris , France
| | - Lam Son Tran
- c Plant Abiotic Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences , Ton Duc Thang University , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam.,d Signaling Pathway Research Unit , RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science , Yokohama , Kanagawa , Japan
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Abstract
Plants are sessile organisms exposed constantly to potential virulent microbes seeking for full pathogenesis in hosts. Different from animals employing both adaptive and innate immune systems, plants only rely on innate immunity to detect and fight against pathogen invasions. Plant innate immunity is proposed to be a two-tiered immune system including pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity. In PTI, PAMPs, the elicitors derived from microbial pathogens, are perceived by cell surface-localized proteins, known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and receptor-like proteins (RLPs). As single-pass transmembrane proteins, RLKs and RLPs contain an extracellular domain (ECD) responsible for ligand binding. Recognitions of signal molecules by PRR-ECDs induce homo- or heterooligomerization of RLKs and RLPs to trigger corresponding intracellular immune responses. RLKs possess a cytoplasmic Ser/Thr kinase domain that is absent in RLPs, implying that protein phosphorylations underlie key mechanism in transducing immunity signalings and that RLPs unlikely mediate signal transduction independently, and recruitment of other patterns, such as RLKs, is required for the function of RLPs in plant immunity. Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases, resembling RLK structures but lacking the ECD, act as immediate substrates of PRRs, modulating PRR activities and linking PRRs with downstream signaling mediators. In this chapter, we summarize recent discoveries illustrating the molecular machines of major components of PRR complexes in mediating pathogen perception and immunity activation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- K He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Y Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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49
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Shumbe L, Chevalier A, Legeret B, Taconnat L, Monnet F, Havaux M. Singlet Oxygen-Induced Cell Death in Arabidopsis under High-Light Stress Is Controlled by OXI1 Kinase. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:1757-71. [PMID: 26747288 PMCID: PMC4775124 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies of the singlet oxygen ((1)O2)-overproducing flu and chlorina1 (ch1) mutants of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have shown that (1)O2-induced changes in gene expression can lead to either programmed cell death (PCD) or acclimation. A transcriptomic analysis of the ch1 mutant has allowed the identification of genes whose expression is specifically affected by each phenomenon. One such gene is OXIDATIVE SIGNAL INDUCIBLE1 (OXI1) encoding an AGC kinase that was noticeably induced by excess light energy and (1)O2 stress conditions leading to cell death. Photo-induced oxidative damage and cell death were drastically reduced in the OXI1 null mutant (oxi1) and in the double mutant ch1*oxi1 compared with the wild type and the ch1 single mutant, respectively. This occurred without any changes in the production rate of (1)O2 but was cancelled by exogenous applications of the phytohormone jasmonate. OXI1-mediated (1)O2 signaling appeared to operate through a different pathway from the previously characterized OXI1-dependent response to pathogens and H2O2 and was found to be independent of the EXECUTER proteins. In high-light-stressed plants, the oxi1 mutation was associated with reduced jasmonate levels and with the up-regulation of genes encoding negative regulators of jasmonate signaling and PCD. Our results show that OXI1 is a new regulator of (1)O2-induced PCD, likely acting upstream of jasmonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Shumbe
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);Aix-Marseille Université, F-13284 Marseille, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Rue de Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay, France (L.T.); andUniversité Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.)
| | - Anne Chevalier
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);Aix-Marseille Université, F-13284 Marseille, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Rue de Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay, France (L.T.); andUniversité Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.)
| | - Bertrand Legeret
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);Aix-Marseille Université, F-13284 Marseille, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Rue de Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay, France (L.T.); andUniversité Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.)
| | - Ludivine Taconnat
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);Aix-Marseille Université, F-13284 Marseille, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Rue de Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay, France (L.T.); andUniversité Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.)
| | - Fabien Monnet
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);Aix-Marseille Université, F-13284 Marseille, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Rue de Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay, France (L.T.); andUniversité Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.)
| | - Michel Havaux
- CEA, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et de Biotechnologie, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);CNRS, UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale et Microbiologie Environnementales, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);Aix-Marseille Université, F-13284 Marseille, France (L.S., A.C., B.L., F.M., M.H.);POPS Transcriptomic Platform, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Rue de Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay, France (L.T.); andUniversité Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, 84000 Avignon, France (F.M.)
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Zhang B, Wang X, Zhao Z, Wang R, Huang X, Zhu Y, Yuan L, Wang Y, Xu X, Burlingame AL, Gao Y, Sun Y, Tang W. OsBRI1 Activates BR Signaling by Preventing Binding between the TPR and Kinase Domains of OsBSK3 via Phosphorylation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:1149-61. [PMID: 26697897 PMCID: PMC4734578 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Many plant receptor kinases transduce signals through receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs); however, the molecular mechanisms that create an effective on-off switch are unknown. The receptor kinase BR INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) transduces brassinosteroid (BR) signal by phosphorylating members of the BR-signaling kinase (BSK) family of RLCKs, which contain a kinase domain and a C-terminal tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain. Here, we show that the BR signaling function of BSKs is conserved in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa) and that the TPR domain of BSKs functions as a "phospho-switchable" autoregulatory domain to control BSKs' activity. Genetic studies revealed that OsBSK3 is a positive regulator of BR signaling in rice, while in vivo and in vitro assays demonstrated that OsBRI1 interacts directly with and phosphorylates OsBSK3. The TPR domain of OsBSK3, which interacts directly with the protein's kinase domain, serves as an autoinhibitory domain to prevent OsBSK3 from interacting with bri1-SUPPRESSOR1 (BSU1). Phosphorylation of OsBSK3 by OsBRI1 disrupts the interaction between its TPR and kinase domains, thereby increasing the binding between OsBSK3's kinase domain and BSU1. Our results not only demonstrate that OsBSK3 plays a conserved role in regulating BR signaling in rice, but also provide insight into the molecular mechanism by which BSK family proteins are inhibited under basal conditions but switched on by the upstream receptor kinase BRI1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China (B.Z., X.W., Z.Z., R.W., Y.Z., L.Y., X.X., Y.G., Y.S., W.T.);Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Insitute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.H., Y.W.); andMass spectrometry facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 (A.L.B.)
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China (B.Z., X.W., Z.Z., R.W., Y.Z., L.Y., X.X., Y.G., Y.S., W.T.);Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Insitute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.H., Y.W.); andMass spectrometry facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 (A.L.B.)
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China (B.Z., X.W., Z.Z., R.W., Y.Z., L.Y., X.X., Y.G., Y.S., W.T.);Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Insitute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.H., Y.W.); andMass spectrometry facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 (A.L.B.)
| | - Ruiju Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China (B.Z., X.W., Z.Z., R.W., Y.Z., L.Y., X.X., Y.G., Y.S., W.T.);Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Insitute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.H., Y.W.); andMass spectrometry facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 (A.L.B.)
| | - Xiahe Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China (B.Z., X.W., Z.Z., R.W., Y.Z., L.Y., X.X., Y.G., Y.S., W.T.);Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Insitute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.H., Y.W.); andMass spectrometry facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 (A.L.B.)
| | - Yali Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China (B.Z., X.W., Z.Z., R.W., Y.Z., L.Y., X.X., Y.G., Y.S., W.T.);Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Insitute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.H., Y.W.); andMass spectrometry facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 (A.L.B.)
| | - Li Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China (B.Z., X.W., Z.Z., R.W., Y.Z., L.Y., X.X., Y.G., Y.S., W.T.);Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Insitute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.H., Y.W.); andMass spectrometry facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 (A.L.B.)
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China (B.Z., X.W., Z.Z., R.W., Y.Z., L.Y., X.X., Y.G., Y.S., W.T.);Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Insitute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.H., Y.W.); andMass spectrometry facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 (A.L.B.)
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China (B.Z., X.W., Z.Z., R.W., Y.Z., L.Y., X.X., Y.G., Y.S., W.T.);Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Insitute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.H., Y.W.); andMass spectrometry facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 (A.L.B.)
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China (B.Z., X.W., Z.Z., R.W., Y.Z., L.Y., X.X., Y.G., Y.S., W.T.);Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Insitute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.H., Y.W.); andMass spectrometry facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 (A.L.B.)
| | - Yingjie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China (B.Z., X.W., Z.Z., R.W., Y.Z., L.Y., X.X., Y.G., Y.S., W.T.);Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Insitute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.H., Y.W.); andMass spectrometry facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 (A.L.B.)
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China (B.Z., X.W., Z.Z., R.W., Y.Z., L.Y., X.X., Y.G., Y.S., W.T.);Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Insitute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.H., Y.W.); andMass spectrometry facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 (A.L.B.)
| | - Wenqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China (B.Z., X.W., Z.Z., R.W., Y.Z., L.Y., X.X., Y.G., Y.S., W.T.);Key Laboratory of Molecular Development Biology, Insitute of Genetics and Development Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China (X.H., Y.W.); andMass spectrometry facility, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 (A.L.B.)
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