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Zhang X, Wang X, Deng F, Liu Y, Ru L, Yan G, Xu Y, Zhu Z, He Y. Sly-miR398b Mediates Mature Leaf Flattening by Orchestrating Auxin and H 2O 2 Signalling in Tomato. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39248305 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Leaf flattening plays a pivotal role in optimizing light capture and enhancing photosynthesis efficiency. While extensive research has clarified the molecular mechanisms governing the initial stages of leaf flattening, understanding the maintenance of this process in mature leaves remains limited. Our investigation focused on sly-miR398b in tomatoes and revealed its crucial role in maintaining leaf flattening. In situ hybridization experiments indicated predominant expression of sly-miR398b in the abaxial side. Disrupting sly-miR398b using CRISPR/Cas9 relieved its suppression on target gene (Cu/Zn-SOD, SlCSD1), elevating SlCSD1 levels specifically on the abaxial side. Consequently, this asymmetrical expression of SlCSD1 increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in the abaxial side, hindering auxin influx genes while promoting auxin efflux gene expression. This shift reduced auxin response gene expression in the abaxial side of mature leaves compared to the adaxial side, leading to leaf epinasty in sly-miR398b mutants. Exogenous H2O2 spraying induced leaf epinasty, downregulating SlGH3.5 and upregulating SlPIN3 and SlPIN4. Remarkably, spraying with 1-naphthalacetic acid (NAA) restored leaf flattening in sly-miR398b mutants. Our findings offer novel insights into mature leaf flattening maintenance via sly-miR398b's regulation of auxin and H2O2 signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinshan Zhang
- Discipline of Facility Horticulture, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Discipline of Facility Horticulture, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Deng
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Discipline of Facility Horticulture, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Ru
- Discipline of Facility Horticulture, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guochao Yan
- Discipline of Facility Horticulture, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunmin Xu
- Discipline of Facility Horticulture, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhujun Zhu
- Discipline of Facility Horticulture, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong He
- Discipline of Facility Horticulture, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Sun Y, Yang Z, Zhang C, Xia J, Li Y, Liu X, Sun L, Tan S. Indole-3-propionic acid regulates lateral root development by targeting auxin signaling in Arabidopsis. iScience 2024; 27:110363. [PMID: 39071891 PMCID: PMC11278081 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) is known to be a microbe-derived compound with a similar structure to the phytohormone auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA). Previous studies reported that IPA exhibited auxin-like bioactivities in plants. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not totally understood. Here, we revealed that IPA modulated lateral root (LR) development via auxin signaling in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Genetic analysis indicated that deficiency of the TIR1/AFB-Aux/IAA-ARF auxin signaling pathway abolished the effects of IPA on regulating LR development. Further biochemical, transcriptomic profiling and cell biological analyses revealed that IPA directly bound to the TIR1/AFB-Aux/IAA coreceptor complex and thus activated downstream gene expression. Therefore, our work revealed that IPA is a potential signaling molecule that modulates plant growth and development by targeting the TIR1/AFB-Aux/IAA-mediated auxin signaling pathway, providing potential insights into root growth regulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zhisen Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Caoli Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Jing Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Yawen Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xin Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Linfeng Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Shutang Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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3
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Hammes UZ, Pedersen BP. Structure and Function of Auxin Transporters. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:185-209. [PMID: 38211951 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070523-034109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Auxins, a group of central hormones in plant growth and development, are transported by a diverse range of transporters with distinct biochemical and structural properties. This review summarizes the current knowledge on all known auxin transporters with respect to their biochemical and biophysical properties and the methods used to characterize them. In particular, we focus on the recent advances that were made concerning the PIN-FORMED family of auxin exporters. Insights derived from solving their structures have improved our understanding of the auxin export process, and we discuss the current state of the art on PIN-mediated auxin transport, including the use of biophysical methods to examine their properties. Understanding the mechanisms of auxin transport is crucial for understanding plant growth and development, as well as for the development of more effective strategies for crop production and plant biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Z Hammes
- School of Life Sciences, Plant Systems Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany;
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Pérez-Henríquez P, Nagawa S, Liu Z, Pan X, Michniewicz M, Tang W, Rasmussen C, Van Norman J, Strader L, Yang Z. PIN2-mediated self-organizing transient auxin flow contributes to auxin maxima at the tip of Arabidopsis cotyledons. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.24.599792. [PMID: 38979163 PMCID: PMC11230289 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.599792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Directional auxin transport and formation of auxin maxima are critical for embryogenesis, organogenesis, pattern formation, and growth coordination in plants, but the mechanisms underpinning the initiation and establishment of these auxin dynamics are not fully understood. Here we show that a self-initiating and -terminating transient auxin flow along the marginal cells (MCs) contributes to the formation of an auxin maximum at the tip of Arabidopsis cotyledon that globally coordinates the interdigitation of puzzle-shaped pavement cells in the cotyledon epidermis. Prior to the interdigitation, indole butyric acid (IBA) is converted to indole acetic acid (IAA) to induce PIN2 accumulation and polarization in the marginal cells, leading to auxin flow toward and accumulation at the cotyledon tip. When IAA levels at the cotyledon tip reaches a maximum, it activates pavement cell interdigitation as well as the accumulation of the IBA transporter TOB1 in MCs, which sequesters IBA to the vacuole and reduces IBA availability and IAA levels. The reduction of IAA levels results in PIN2 down-regulation and cessation of the auxin flow. Hence, our results elucidate a self-activating and self-terminating transient polar auxin transport system in cotyledons, contributing to the formation of localized auxin maxima that spatiotemporally coordinate pavement cell interdigitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Pérez-Henríquez
- Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shingo Nagawa
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhongchi Liu
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto-Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C1A4, Canada
| | | | - Wenxin Tang
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Carolyn Rasmussen
- Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jaimie Van Norman
- Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Lucia Strader
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zhenbiao Yang
- Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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5
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Cowling CL, Homayouni AL, Callwood JB, McReynolds MR, Khor J, Ke H, Draves MA, Dehesh K, Walley JW, Strader LC, Kelley DR. ZmPILS6 is an auxin efflux carrier required for maize root morphogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313216121. [PMID: 38781209 PMCID: PMC11145266 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313216121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant root systems play a pivotal role in plant physiology and exhibit diverse phenotypic traits. Understanding the genetic mechanisms governing root growth and development in model plants like maize is crucial for enhancing crop resilience to drought and nutrient limitations. This study focused on identifying and characterizing ZmPILS6, an annotated auxin efflux carrier, as a key regulator of various crown root traits in maize. ZmPILS6-modified roots displayed reduced network area and suppressed lateral root formation, which are desirable traits for the "steep, cheap, and deep" ideotype. The research revealed that ZmPILS6 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and plays a vital role in controlling the spatial distribution of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA or "auxin") in primary roots. The study also demonstrated that ZmPILS6 can actively efflux IAA when expressed in yeast. Furthermore, the loss of ZmPILS6 resulted in significant proteome remodeling in maize roots, particularly affecting hormone signaling pathways. To identify potential interacting partners of ZmPILS6, a weighted gene coexpression analysis was performed. Altogether, this research contributes to the growing knowledge of essential genetic determinants governing maize root morphogenesis, which is crucial for guiding agricultural improvement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig L. Cowling
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | | | - Jodi B. Callwood
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | - Maxwell R. McReynolds
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | - Jasper Khor
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | - Haiyan Ke
- Botany and Plant Sciences Department, University of California, Riverside, CA92521
| | - Melissa A. Draves
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Botany and Plant Sciences Department, University of California, Riverside, CA92521
| | - Justin W. Walley
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | | | - Dior R. Kelley
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
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Karami O, Khadem A, Rahimi A, Zagari N, Aigner S, Offringa R. Transient efflux inhibition improves plant regeneration by natural auxins. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:295-303. [PMID: 38361343 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Plant genome editing and propagation are important tools in crop breeding and production. Both rely heavily on the development of efficient in vitro plant regeneration systems. Two prominent regeneration systems that are widely employed in crop production are somatic embryogenesis (SE) and de novo shoot regeneration. In many of the protocols for SE or shoot regeneration, explants are treated with the synthetic auxin analog 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), since natural auxins, such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or 4-chloroindole-3-acetic acid (4-Cl-IAA), are less effective or even fail to induce regeneration. Based on previous reports that 2,4-D, compared to endogenous auxins, is not effectively exported from plant cells, we investigated whether efflux inhibition of endogenous auxins could convert these auxins into efficient inducers of SE in Arabidopsis immature zygotic embryos (IZEs). We show that natural auxins and synthetic analogs thereof become efficient inducers of SE when their efflux is transiently inhibited by co-application of the auxin transport inhibitor naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). Moreover, IZEs of auxin efflux mutants pin2 or abcb1 abcb19 show enhanced SE efficiency when treated with IAA or efflux-inhibited IAA, confirming that auxin efflux reduces the efficiency of Arabidopsis SE. Importantly, in contrast to the 2,4-D system, where only 50-60% of the embryos converted to seedlings, all SEs induced by transport-inhibited natural auxins converted to seedlings. Efflux-inhibited IAA, like 2,4-D, also efficiently induced SE from carrot suspension cells, whereas IAA alone could not, and efflux-inhibited 4-Cl-IAA significantly improved de novo shoot regeneration in Brassica napus. Our data provides new insights into the action of 2,4-D as an efficient inducer of plant regeneration but also shows that replacing this synthetic auxin for efflux-inhibited natural auxin significantly improves different types of plant regeneration, leading to a more synchronized and homogenous development of the regenerated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Karami
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Azadeh Khadem
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Arezoo Rahimi
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nicola Zagari
- ENZA Zaden, Haling 1-E, 1602 DB, Enkhuizen, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Aigner
- ENZA Zaden, Haling 1-E, 1602 DB, Enkhuizen, The Netherlands
| | - Remko Offringa
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE, Leiden, Netherlands
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Contreras-Cornejo HA, Schmoll M, Esquivel-Ayala BA, González-Esquivel CE, Rocha-Ramírez V, Larsen J. Mechanisms for plant growth promotion activated by Trichoderma in natural and managed terrestrial ecosystems. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127621. [PMID: 38295679 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Trichoderma spp. are free-living fungi present in virtually all terrestrial ecosystems. These soil fungi can stimulate plant growth and increase plant nutrient acquisition of macro- and micronutrients and water uptake. Generally, plant growth promotion by Trichoderma is a consequence of the activity of potent fungal signaling metabolites diffused in soil with hormone-like activity, including indolic compounds as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) produced at concentrations ranging from 14 to 234 μg l-1, and volatile organic compounds such as sesquiterpene isoprenoids (C15), 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one (6-PP) and ethylene (ET) produced at levels from 10 to 120 ng over a period of six days, which in turn, might impact plant endogenous signaling mechanisms orchestrated by plant hormones. Plant growth stimulation occurs without the need of physical contact between both organisms and/or during root colonization. When associated with plants Trichoderma may cause significant biochemical changes in plant content of carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids and lipids, as detected in Arabidopsis thaliana, maize (Zea mays), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare), which may improve the plant health status during the complete life cycle. Trichoderma-induced plant beneficial effects such as mechanisms of defense and growth are likely to be inherited to the next generations. Depending on the environmental conditions perceived by the fungus during its interaction with plants, Trichoderma can reprogram and/or activate molecular mechanisms commonly modulated by IAA, ET and abscisic acid (ABA) to induce an adaptative physiological response to abiotic stress, including drought, salinity, or environmental pollution. This review, provides a state of the art overview focused on the canonical mechanisms of these beneficial fungi involved in plant growth promotion traits under different environmental scenarios and shows new insights on Trichoderma metabolites from different chemical classes that can modulate specific plant growth aspects. Also, we suggest new research directions on Trichoderma spp. and their secondary metabolites with biological activity on plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexon Angel Contreras-Cornejo
- Laboratorio Nacional de Innovación Ecotecnológica para la Sustentabilidad (LANIES), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), UNAM, Mexico; IIES-UNAM, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Monika Schmoll
- Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem Research, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Centre of Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Blanca Alicia Esquivel-Ayala
- Laboratorio de Entomología, Facultad de Biología, Edificio B4, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Gral. Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 58030 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Carlos E González-Esquivel
- Laboratorio Nacional de Innovación Ecotecnológica para la Sustentabilidad (LANIES), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), UNAM, Mexico; IIES-UNAM, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Victor Rocha-Ramírez
- Laboratorio Nacional de Innovación Ecotecnológica para la Sustentabilidad (LANIES), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), UNAM, Mexico; IIES-UNAM, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - John Larsen
- Laboratorio Nacional de Innovación Ecotecnológica para la Sustentabilidad (LANIES), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), UNAM, Mexico; IIES-UNAM, Antigua carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
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8
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von der Mark C, Minne M, De Rybel B. Studying plant vascular development using single-cell approaches. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 78:102526. [PMID: 38479078 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Vascular cells form a highly complex and heterogeneous tissue. Its composition, function, shape, and arrangement vary with the developmental stage and between organs and species. Understanding the transcriptional regulation underpinning this complexity thus requires a high-resolution technique that is capable of capturing rapid events during vascular cell formation. Single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (sc/snRNA-seq) approaches provide powerful tools to extract transcriptional information from these lowly abundant and dynamically changing cell types, which allows the reconstruction of developmental trajectories. Here, we summarize and reflect on recent studies using single-cell transcriptomics to study vascular cell types and discuss current and future implementations of sc/snRNA-seq approaches in the field of vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia von der Mark
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Max Minne
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert De Rybel
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium.
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9
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Nanjareddy K, Guerrero-Carrillo MF, Lara M, Arthikala MK. Genome-wide identification and comparative analysis of the Amino Acid Transporter (AAT) gene family and their roles during Phaseolus vulgaris symbioses. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:47. [PMID: 38430379 PMCID: PMC10908646 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01331-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Amino acid transporters (AATs) are essential integral membrane proteins that serve multiple roles, such as facilitating the transport of amino acids across cell membranes. They play a crucial role in the growth and development of plants. Phaseolus vulgaris, a significant legume crop, serves as a valuable model for studying root symbiosis. In this study, we have conducted an exploration of the AAT gene family in P. vulgaris. In this research, we identified 84 AAT genes within the P. vulgaris genome sequence and categorized them into 12 subfamilies based on their similarity and phylogenetic relationships with AATs found in Arabidopsis and rice. Interestingly, these AAT genes were not evenly distributed across the chromosomes of P. vulgaris . Instead, there was an unusual concentration of these genes located toward the outer edges of chromosomal arms. Upon conducting motif analysis and gene structural analysis, we observed a consistent presence of similar motifs and an intron-exon distribution pattern among the subfamilies. When we analyzed the expression profiles of PvAAT genes, we noted tissue-specific expression patterns. Furthermore, our investigation into AAT gene expression under rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbiotic conditions revealed that certain genes exhibited high levels of expression. Specifically, ATLa5 and LHT2 was notably upregulated under both symbiotic conditions. These findings point towards a potential role of AATs in the context of rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbiosis in P. vulgaris, in addition to their well-established regulatory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Nanjareddy
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Leon, Guanajuato, C.P. 37689, México.
| | - María Fernanda Guerrero-Carrillo
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Leon, Guanajuato, C.P. 37689, México
| | - Miguel Lara
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuernavaca, 62210, Morelos, México
| | - Manoj-Kumar Arthikala
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Leon, Guanajuato, C.P. 37689, México.
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10
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Kant K, Rigó G, Faragó D, Benyó D, Tengölics R, Szabados L, Zsigmond L. Mutation in Arabidopsis mitochondrial Pentatricopeptide repeat 40 gene affects tolerance to water deficit. PLANTA 2024; 259:78. [PMID: 38427069 PMCID: PMC10907415 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04354-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The Arabidopsis Pentatricopeptide repeat 40 (PPR40) insertion mutants have increased tolerance to water deficit compared to wild-type plants. Tolerance is likely the consequence of ABA hypersensitivity of the mutants. Plant growth and development depend on multiple environmental factors whose alterations can disrupt plant homeostasis and trigger complex molecular and physiological responses. Water deficit is one of the factors which can seriously restrict plant growth and viability. Mitochondria play an important role in cellular metabolism, energy production, and redox homeostasis. During drought and salinity stress, mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to ROS overproduction and oxidative stress, affecting plant growth and survival. Alternative oxidases (AOXs) and stabilization of mitochondrial electron transport chain help mitigate ROS damage. The mitochondrial Pentatricopeptide repeat 40 (PPR40) protein was implicated in stress regulation as ppr40 mutants were found to be hypersensitive to ABA and high salinity during germination. This study investigated the tolerance of the knockout ppr40-1 and knockdown ppr40-2 mutants to water deprivation. Our results show that these mutants display an enhanced tolerance to water deficit. The mutants had higher relative water content, reduced level of oxidative damage, and better photosynthetic parameters in water-limited conditions compared to wild-type plants. ppr40 mutants had considerable differences in metabolic profiles and expression of a number of stress-related genes, suggesting important metabolic reprogramming. Tolerance to water deficit was also manifested in higher survival rates and alleviated growth reduction when watering was suspended. Enhanced sensitivity to ABA and fast stomata closure was suggested to lead to improved capacity for water conservation in such environment. Overall, this study highlights the importance of mitochondrial functions and in particular PPR40 in plant responses to abiotic stress, particularly drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Kant
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rigó
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Faragó
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dániel Benyó
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Roland Tengölics
- Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Szabados
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Laura Zsigmond
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Temesvári Krt. 62, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
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11
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Xie H, Ye X, Liu C, Li D, Wang X, Xu C, Li C, Luo K, Fan D, Wu N. The microRNA7833-AUX6 module plays a critical role in wood development by modulating cellular auxin influx in Populus tomentosa. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpad153. [PMID: 38113530 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpad153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of auxin on secondary vascular development in woody plants has been demonstrated. The concentration gradient of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid and the cellular and molecular pathways contributing to the auxin-directed vascular organization and wood growth have been uncovered in recent decades. However, our understanding of the roles and regulations of auxin influx in wood formation in trees remains limited. Here, we reported that a microRNA, miR7833, participates in the negative regulation of stem cambial cell division and secondary xylem development in Populus tomentosa. The miR7833 is mainly expressed in the vascular cambium during stem radical growth and specifically targets and represses two AUX/LAX family auxin influx carriers, AUX5 and AUX6, in poplar. We further revealed that poplar AUX6, the most abundant miR7833 target in the stem, is preferentially enriched in the developing xylem and is a positive regulator for cell division and differentiation events during wood formation. Moreover, inhibition of auxin influx carriers by 1-naphthoxyacetic acids abolished the regulatory effects of miR7833 and AUX6 on secondary xylem formation in poplar. Our results revealed the essential roles of the miR7833-AUX6 module in regulating cellular events in secondary xylem development and demonstrated an auxin influx-dependent mechanism for wood formation in poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiao Ye
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xianqiang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Changzheng Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Caofeng Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Keming Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Di Fan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Nengbiao Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments of Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, Institute of Resources Botany, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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12
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Uddin S, Munir MZ, Larriba E, Pérez-Pérez JM, Gull S, Pervaiz T, Mahmood U, Mahmood Z, Sun Y, Li Y. Temporal profiling of physiological, histological, and transcriptomic dissection during auxin-induced adventitious root formation in tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia micro-cuttings. PLANTA 2024; 259:66. [PMID: 38332379 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Optimal levels of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) applied at the stem base promote adventitious root (AR) initiation and primordia formation, thus promoting the rooting of leafy micro-cuttings of tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia. Tetraploid Robinia pseudoacacia L. is a widely cultivated tree in most regions of China that has a hard-rooting capability, propagated by stem cuttings. This study utilizes histological, physiological, and transcriptomic approaches to explore how root primordia are induced after indole butyric acid (IBA) treatment of micro-cuttings. IBA application promoted cell divisions in some cells within the vasculature, showing subcellular features associated with adventitious root (AR) founder cells. The anatomical structure explicitly showed that AR initiated from the cambium layer and instigate the inducible development of AR primordia. Meanwhile, the hormone data showed that similar to that of indole-3-acetic acid, the contents of trans-zeatin and abscisic acid peaked at early stages of AR formation and increased gradually in primordia formation across the subsequent stages, suggesting their indispensable roles in AR induction. On the contrary, 24-epibrassinolide roughly maintained at extremely high levels during primordium initiation thoroughly, indicating its presence was involved in cell-specific reorganization during AR development. Furthermore, antioxidant activities transiently increased in the basal region of micro-cuttings and may serve as biochemical indicators for distinct rooting phases, potentially aiding in AR formation. Transcriptomic analysis during the early stages of root formation shows significant downregulation of the abscisic acid and jasmonate signaling pathways, while ethylene and cytokinin signaling seems upregulated. Network analysis of genes involved in carbon metabolism and photosynthesis indicates that the basal region of the micro-cuttings undergoes rapid reprogramming, which results in the breakdown of sugars into pyruvate. This pyruvate is then utilized to fuel the tricarboxylic acid cycle, thereby sustaining growth through aerobic respiration. Collectively, our findings provide a time-course morphophysiological dissection and also suggest the regulatory role of a conserved auxin module in AR development in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Uddin
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan Munir
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Eduardo Larriba
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | | | - Sadia Gull
- Department of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Tariq Pervaiz
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 22963, USA
| | - Umer Mahmood
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Zahid Mahmood
- Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Yuhan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Engineering Technology Research Center of Black Locust of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Hu F, Fang D, Zhang W, Dong K, Ye Z, Cao J. Lateral root primordium: Formation, influencing factors and regulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108429. [PMID: 38359556 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Roots are the primary determinants of water and nutrient uptake by plants. The structure of roots is largely determined by the repeated formation of new lateral roots (LR). A new lateral root primordium (LRP) is formed between the beginning and appearance of LR, which defines the organization and function of LR. Therefore, proper LRP morphogenesis is a crucial process for lateral root formation. The development of LRP is regulated by multiple factors, including hormone and environmental signals. Roots integrate signals and regulate growth and development. At the molecular level, many genes regulate the growth and development of root organs to ensure stable development plans, while also being influenced by various environmental factors. To gain a better understanding of the LRP formation and its influencing factors, this study summarizes previous research. The cell cycle involved in LRP formation, as well as the roles of ROS, auxin, other auxin-related plant hormones, and genetic regulation, are discussed in detail. Additionally, the effects of gravity, mechanical stress, and cell death on LRP formation are explored. Throughout the text unanswered or poorly understood questions are identified to guide future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Da Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weimeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kui Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyi Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Li J, Zhang Y, Tang X, Liao W, Li Z, Zheng Q, Wang Y, Chen S, Zheng P, Cao S. Genome Identification and Expression Profiling of the PIN-Formed Gene Family in Phoebe bournei under Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1452. [PMID: 38338732 PMCID: PMC10855349 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PIN-formed (PIN) proteins-specific transcription factors that are widely distributed in plants-play a pivotal role in regulating polar auxin transport, thus influencing plant growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. Although the identification and functional validation of PIN genes have been extensively explored in various plant species, their understanding in woody plants-particularly the endangered species Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.) Yang-remains limited. P. bournei is an economically significant tree species that is endemic to southern China. For this study, we employed bioinformatics approaches to screen and identify 13 members of the PIN gene family in P. bournei. Through a phylogenetic analysis, we classified these genes into five sub-families: A, B, C, D, and E. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the physicochemical properties, three-dimensional structures, conserved motifs, and gene structures of the PbPIN proteins. Our results demonstrate that all PbPIN genes consist of exons and introns, albeit with variations in their number and length, highlighting the conservation and evolutionary changes in PbPIN genes. The results of our collinearity analysis indicate that the expansion of the PbPIN gene family primarily occurred through segmental duplication. Additionally, by predicting cis-acting elements in their promoters, we inferred the potential involvement of PbPIN genes in plant hormone and abiotic stress responses. To investigate their expression patterns, we conducted a comprehensive expression profiling of PbPIN genes in different tissues. Notably, we observed differential expression levels of PbPINs across the various tissues. Moreover, we examined the expression profiles of five representative PbPIN genes under abiotic stress conditions, including heat, cold, salt, and drought stress. These experiments preliminarily verified their responsiveness and functional roles in mediating responses to abiotic stress. In summary, this study systematically analyzes the expression patterns of PIN genes and their response to abiotic stresses in P. bournei using whole-genome data. Our findings provide novel insights and valuable information for stress tolerance regulation in P. bournei. Moreover, the study offers significant contributions towards unraveling the functional characteristics of the PIN gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshu Li
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (X.T.); (W.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.)
- University Key Laboratory of Forest Stress Physiology, Ecology and Molecular Biology of Fujian Province, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yanzi Zhang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center for Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Xinghao Tang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (X.T.); (W.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.)
- Fujian Academy of Forestry Sciences, Fuzhou 350012, China
| | - Wenhai Liao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (X.T.); (W.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.)
- University Key Laboratory of Forest Stress Physiology, Ecology and Molecular Biology of Fujian Province, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhuoqun Li
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (X.T.); (W.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.)
- University Key Laboratory of Forest Stress Physiology, Ecology and Molecular Biology of Fujian Province, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiumian Zheng
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (X.T.); (W.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.)
- University Key Laboratory of Forest Stress Physiology, Ecology and Molecular Biology of Fujian Province, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Shipin Chen
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (X.T.); (W.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Ping Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Pingtan Science and Technology Research Institute, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shijiang Cao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (J.L.); (X.T.); (W.L.); (Z.L.); (Q.Z.); (S.C.)
- University Key Laboratory of Forest Stress Physiology, Ecology and Molecular Biology of Fujian Province, College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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15
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Cowling CL, Dash L, Kelley DR. Roles of auxin pathways in maize biology. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6989-6999. [PMID: 37493143 PMCID: PMC10690729 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones play a central role in plant development and environmental responses. Auxin is a classical hormone that is required for organ formation, tissue patterning, and defense responses. Auxin pathways have been extensively studied across numerous land plant lineages, including bryophytes and eudicots. In contrast, our understanding of the roles of auxin in maize morphogenesis and immune responses is limited. Here, we review evidence for auxin-mediated processes in maize and describe promising areas for future research in the auxin field. Several recent transcriptomic and genetic studies have demonstrated that auxin is a key influencer of both vegetative and reproductive development in maize (namely roots, leaves, and kernels). Auxin signaling has been implicated in both maize shoot architecture and immune responses through genetic and molecular analyses of the conserved co-repressor RAMOSA ENHANCER LOCUS2. Polar auxin transport is linked to maize drought responses, root growth, shoot formation, and leaf morphogenesis. Notably, maize has been a key system for delineating auxin biosynthetic pathways and offers many opportunities for future investigations on auxin metabolism. In addition, crosstalk between auxin and other phytohormones has been uncovered through gene expression studies and is important for leaf and root development in maize. Collectively these studies point to auxin as a cornerstone for maize biology that could be leveraged for improved crop resilience and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig L Cowling
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Linkan Dash
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Dior R Kelley
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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16
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Jing H, Wilkinson EG, Sageman-Furnas K, Strader LC. Auxin and abiotic stress responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:7000-7014. [PMID: 37591508 PMCID: PMC10690732 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to a variety of abiotic stresses; these stresses have profound effects on plant growth, survival, and productivity. Tolerance and adaptation to stress require sophisticated stress sensing, signaling, and various regulatory mechanisms. The plant hormone auxin is a key regulator of plant growth and development, playing pivotal roles in the integration of abiotic stress signals and control of downstream stress responses. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in understanding the intersection of auxin and abiotic stress in plants, with a focus on temperature, salt, and drought stresses. We also explore the roles of auxin in stress tolerance and opportunities arising for agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Jing
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27008, USA
| | | | | | - Lucia C Strader
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27008, USA
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17
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Tong N, Shu Q, Wang B, Peng L, Liu Z. Histology, physiology, and transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling reveal the developmental dynamics of annual shoots in tree peonies ( Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad152. [PMID: 37701456 PMCID: PMC10493643 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of tree peony annual shoots is characterized by "withering", which is related to whether there are bud points in the leaf axillaries of annual shoots. However, the mechanism of "withering" in tree peony is still unclear. In this study, Paeonia ostii 'Fengdan' and P. suffruticosa 'Luoyanghong' were used to investigate dynamic changes of annual shoots through anatomy, physiology, transcriptome, and metabolome. The results demonstrated that the developmental dynamics of annual shoots of the two cultivars were comparable. The withering degree of P. suffruticosa 'Luoyanghong' was higher than that of P. ostii 'Fengdan', and their upper internodes of annual flowering shoots had a lower degree of lignin deposition, cellulose, C/N ratio, showing no obvious sclerenchyma, than the bottom ones and the whole internodes of vegetative shoot, which resulted in the "withering" of upper internodes. A total of 36 phytohormone metabolites were detected, of which 33 and 31 were detected in P. ostii 'Fengdan' and P. suffruticosa 'Luoyanghong', respectively. In addition, 302 and 240 differentially expressed genes related to lignin biosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and zeatin biosynthesis were screened from the two cultivars. Furtherly, 36 structural genes and 40 transcription factors associated with the development of annual shoots were highly co-expressed, and eight hub genes involved in this developmental process were identified. Consequently, this study explained the developmental dynamic on the varied annual shoots through multi-omics, providing a theoretical foundation for germplasm innovation and the mechanized harvesting of tree peony annual shoots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingyan Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Baichen Wang
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liping Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zheng'an Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
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18
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Tao L, Zhu H, Huang Q, Xiao X, Luo Y, Wang H, Li Y, Li X, Liu J, Jásik J, Chen Y, Shabala S, Baluška F, Shi W, Shi L, Yu M. PIN2/3/4 auxin carriers mediate root growth inhibition under conditions of boron deprivation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:1357-1376. [PMID: 37235684 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The mechanistic basis by which boron (B) deprivation inhibits root growth via the mediation of root apical auxin transport and distribution remains elusive. This study showed that B deprivation repressed root growth of wild-type Arabidopsis seedlings, which was related to higher auxin accumulation (observed with DII-VENUS and DR5-GFP lines) in B-deprived roots. Boron deprivation elevated the auxin content in the root apex, coinciding with upregulation of the expression levels of auxin biosynthesis-related genes (TAA1, YUC3, YUC9, and NIT1) in shoots, but not in root apices. Phenotyping experiments using auxin transport-related mutants revealed that the PIN2/3/4 carriers are involved in root growth inhibition caused by B deprivation. B deprivation not only upregulated the transcriptional levels of PIN2/3/4, but also restrained the endocytosis of PIN2/3/4 carriers (observed with PIN-Dendra2 lines), resulting in elevated protein levels of PIN2/3/4 in the plasma membrane. Overall, these results suggest that B deprivation not only enhances auxin biosynthesis in shoots by elevating the expression levels of auxin biosynthesis-related genes but also promotes the polar auxin transport from shoots to roots by upregulating the gene expression levels of PIN2/3/4, as well as restraining the endocytosis of PIN2/3/4 carriers, ultimately resulting in auxin accumulation in root apices and root growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tao
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hu Zhu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Qiuyu Huang
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xiao
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Ying Luo
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Yalin Li
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Xuewen Li
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Jiayou Liu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Ján Jásik
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Yinglong Chen
- School of Agriculture and Environment & Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - František Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Weiming Shi
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Nanjing, 210018, China
| | - Lei Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430000, China
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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19
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Spies FP, Perotti MF, Cho Y, Jo CI, Hong JC, Chan RL. A complex tissue-specific interplay between the Arabidopsis transcription factors AtMYB68, AtHB23, and AtPHL1 modulates primary and lateral root development and adaptation to salinity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:952-966. [PMID: 37165773 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to different soil conditions is a well-regulated process vital for plant life. AtHB23 is a homeodomain-leucine zipper I transcription factor (TF) that was previously revealed as crucial for plant survival under salinity conditions. We wondered whether this TF has partners to perform this essential function. Therefore, TF cDNA library screening, yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and coimmunoprecipitation assays were complemented with expression analyses and phenotypic characterization of silenced, mutant, overexpression, and crossed plants in normal and salinity conditions. We revealed that AtHB23, AtPHL1, and AtMYB68 interact with each other, modulating root development and the salinity response. The encoding genes are coexpressed in specific root tissues and at specific developmental stages. In normal conditions, amiR68 silenced plants have fewer initiated roots, the opposite phenotype to that shown by amiR23 plants. AtMYB68 and AtPHL1 play opposite roles in lateral root elongation. Under salinity conditions, AtHB23 plays a crucial positive role in cooperating with AtMYB68, whereas AtPHL1 acts oppositely by obstructing the function of the former, impacting the plant's survival ability. Such interplay supports the complex interaction between these TF in primary and lateral roots. The root adaptation capability is associated with the amyloplast state. We identified new molecular players that through a complex relationship determine Arabidopsis root architecture and survival in salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Paola Spies
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, FBCB, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Perotti
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, FBCB, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Yuhan Cho
- Division of Life Science, Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, South Korea
| | - Chang Ig Jo
- Division of Life Science, Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, South Korea
| | - Jong Chan Hong
- Division of Life Science, Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 52828, South Korea
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, South Carolina, MO 65211-7310, USA
| | - Raquel Lía Chan
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral, CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, FBCB, Colectora Ruta Nacional 168 km 0, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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20
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Zhang J, Zhao P, Chen S, Sun L, Mao J, Tan S, Xiang C. The ABI3-ERF1 module mediates ABA-auxin crosstalk to regulate lateral root emergence. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112809. [PMID: 37450369 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in lateral root (LR) development, but how ABA signaling interacts with auxin signaling to regulate LR formation is not well understood. Here, we report that ABA-responsive ERF1 mediates the crosstalk between ABA and auxin signaling to regulate Arabidopsis LR emergence. ABI3 is a negative factor in LR emergence and transcriptionally activates ERF1 by binding to its promoter, and reciprocally, ERF1 activates ABI3, which forms a regulatory loop that enables rapid signal amplification. Notably, ABI3 physically interacts with ERF1, reducing the cis element-binding activities of both ERF1 and ABI3 and thus attenuating the expression of ERF1-/ABI3-regulated genes involved in LR emergence and ABA signaling, such as PIN1, AUX1, ARF7, and ABI5, which may provide a molecular rheostat to avoid overamplification of auxin and ABA signaling. Taken together, our findings identify the role of the ABI3-ERF1 module in mediating crosstalk between ABA and auxin signaling in LR emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Pingxia Zhao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China.
| | - Siyan Chen
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Liangqi Sun
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Jieli Mao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Shutang Tan
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Chengbin Xiang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China.
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21
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Wong ACS, van Oosterom EJ, Godwin ID, Borrell AK. Integrating stay-green and PIN-FORMED genes: PIN-FORMED genes as potential targets for designing climate-resilient cereal ideotypes. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad040. [PMID: 37448862 PMCID: PMC10337860 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant architecture modification (e.g. short-stature crops) is one of the key outcomes of modern crop breeding for high-yielding crop varieties. In cereals, delayed senescence, or stay-green, is an important trait that enables post-anthesis drought stress adaptation. Stay-green crops can prolong photosynthetic capacity during grain-filling period under post-anthesis drought stress, which is essential to ensure grain yield is not impacted under drought stress conditions. Although various stay-green quantitative trait loci have been identified in cereals, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating stay-green remain elusive. Recent advances in various gene-editing technologies have provided avenues to fast-track crop improvement, such as the breeding of climate-resilient crops in the face of climate change. We present in this viewpoint the focus on using sorghum as the model cereal crop, to study PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers as means to modulate plant architecture, and the potential to employ it as an adaptive strategy to address the environmental challenges posed by climate uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik J van Oosterom
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ian D Godwin
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrew K Borrell
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility, 604 Yangan Road, Warwick, Queensland 4370, Australia
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22
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Monroy-González Z, Uc-Chuc MA, Quintana-Escobar AO, Duarte-Aké F, Loyola-Vargas VM. Characterization of the PIN Auxin Efflux Carrier Gene Family and Its Expression during Zygotic Embryogenesis in Persea americana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2280. [PMID: 37375905 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Auxins are responsible for a large part of the plant development process. To exert their action, they must move throughout the plant and from cell to cell, which is why plants have developed complex transport systems for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). These transporters involve proteins that transport IAA into cells, transporters that move IAA to or from different organelles, mainly the endoplasmic reticulum, and transporters that move IAA out of the cell. This research determined that Persea americana has 12 PIN transporters in its genome. The twelve transporters are expressed during different stages of development in P. americana zygotic embryos. Using different bioinformatics tools, we determined the type of transporter of each of the P. americana PIN proteins and their structure and possible location in the cell. We also predict the potential phosphorylation sites for each of the twelve-PIN proteins. The data show the presence of highly conserved sites for phosphorylation and those sites involved in the interaction with the IAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zurisadai Monroy-González
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Merida CP 97205, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Uc-Chuc
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Avenida Itzáes, No. 490 x Calle 59, Col. Centro, Merida CP 97000, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Ana O Quintana-Escobar
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Merida CP 97205, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Fátima Duarte-Aké
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Merida CP 97205, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Víctor M Loyola-Vargas
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Calle 43 No. 130 x 32 y 34, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Merida CP 97205, Yucatan, Mexico
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23
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Araniti F, Talarico E, Madeo ML, Greco E, Minervino M, Álvarez-Rodríguez S, Muto A, Ferrari M, Chiappetta A, Bruno L. Short-term exposition to acute Cadmium toxicity induces the loss of root gravitropic stimuli perception through PIN2-mediated auxin redistribution in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 332:111726. [PMID: 37149227 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), one of the most widespread and water-soluble polluting heavy metals, has been widely studied on plants, even if the mechanisms underlying its phytotoxicity remain elusive. Indeed, most experiments are performed using extensive exposure time to the toxicants, not observing the primary targets affected. The present work studied Cd effects on Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh's root apical meristem (RAM) exposed for short periods (24h and 48h) to acute phytotoxic concentrations (100 and 150µM). The effects were studied through integrated morpho-histological, molecular, pharmacological and metabolomic analyses, highlighting that Cd inhibited primary root elongation by affecting the meristem zone via altering cell expansion. Moreover, Cd altered Auxin accumulation in RAM and affected PINs polar transporters particularly PIN2. In addition, we observed that high Cd concentration induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in roots, which resulted in an altered organization of cortical microtubules and the starch and sucrose metabolism, altering the statolith formation and, consequently, the gravitropic root response. Our results demonstrated that short Cd exposition (24h) affected cell expansion preferentially, altering auxin distribution and inducing ROS accumulation, which resulted in an alteration of gravitropic response and microtubules orientation pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Araniti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Emanuela Talarico
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata of Rende, CS 87036, Italy
| | - Maria Letizia Madeo
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata of Rende, CS 87036, Italy
| | - Eleonora Greco
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata of Rende, CS 87036, Italy
| | - Marco Minervino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata of Rende, CS 87036, Italy
| | - Sara Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Antonella Muto
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata of Rende, CS 87036, Italy
| | - Michele Ferrari
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata of Rende, CS 87036, Italy
| | - Adriana Chiappetta
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata of Rende, CS 87036, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bruno
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata of Rende, CS 87036, Italy.
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24
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Liu M, Zhang Q, Jin R, Zhao P, Zhu X, Wang J, Yu Y, Tang Z. The Role of IAA in Regulating Root Architecture of Sweetpotato ( Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam) in Response to Potassium Deficiency Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091779. [PMID: 37176837 PMCID: PMC10181447 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants can adapt to the spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients by changing the morphology and architecture of the root system. Here, we explored the role of auxin in the response of sweetpotato roots to potassium (K+) deficiency stress. Two sweetpotato cultivars, Xushu 32 (low-K-tolerant) and Ningzishu 1 (low-K-sensitive), were cultured in low K+ (0.1 mmol L-1, LK) and normal K+ (10 mmol L-1, CK) nutrient solutions. Compared with CK, LK reduced the dry mass, K+ content, and K+ accumulation in the two cultivars, but the losses of Xushu 32 were smaller than those of Ningzishu 1. LK also affected root growth, mainly impairing the length, surface area, forks number, and crossings number. However, Xushu 32 had significantly higher lateral root length, density, and surface area than Ningzishu 1, closely related to the roots' higher indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content. According to the qPCR results, Xushu 32 synthesized more IAA (via IbYUC8 and IbTAR2) in leaves but transported and accumulated in roots through polar transport (via IbPIN1, IbPIN3, and IbAUX1). It was also associated with the upregulation of auxin signaling pathway genes (IbIAA4 and IbIAA8) in roots. These results imply that IAA participates in the formation of lateral roots and the change in root architecture during the tolerance to low K+ stress of sweetpotato, thus improving the absorption of K+ and the formation of biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, China/Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Xuzhou 221000, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zhang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, China/Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Rong Jin
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, China/Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, China/Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhu
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, China/Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, China/Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Yongchao Yu
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, China/Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Xuzhou 221000, China
| | - Zhonghou Tang
- Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai District of Jiangsu Province, China/Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality, Xuzhou 221000, China
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25
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Tao L, Xiao X, Huang Q, Zhu H, Feng Y, Li Y, Li X, Guo Z, Liu J, Wu F, Pirayesh N, Mahmud S, Shen RF, Shabala S, Baluška F, Shi L, Yu M. Boron supply restores aluminum-blocked auxin transport by the modulation of PIN2 trafficking in the root apical transition zone. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:176-192. [PMID: 36721978 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The supply of boron (B) alleviates the toxic effects of aluminum (Al) on root growth; however, the mechanistic basis of this process remains elusive. This study filled this knowledge gap, demonstrating that boron modifies auxin distribution and transport in Al-exposed Arabidopsis roots. In B-deprived roots, treatment with Al induced an increase in auxin content in the root apical meristem zone (MZ) and transition zone (TZ), whereas in the elongation zone (EZ) the auxin content was decreased beyond the level required for adequate growth. These distribution patterns are explained by the fact that basipetal auxin transport from the TZ to the EZ was disrupted by Al-inhibited PIN-FORMED 2 (PIN2) endocytosis. Experiments involving the modulation of protein biosynthesis by cycloheximide (CHX) and transcriptional regulation by cordycepin (COR) demonstrated that the Al-induced increase of PIN2 membrane proteins was dependent upon the inhibition of PIN2 endocytosis, rather than on the transcriptional regulation of the PIN2 gene. Experiments reporting on the profiling of Al3+ and PIN2 proteins revealed that the inhibition of endocytosis of PIN2 proteins was the result of Al-induced limitation of the fluidity of the plasma membrane. The supply of B mediated the turnover of PIN2 endosomes conjugated with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and thus restored the Al-induced inhibition of IAA transport through the TZ to the EZ. Overall, the reported results demonstrate that boron supply mediates PIN2 endosome-based auxin transport to alleviate Al toxicity in plant roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xiao
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Qiuyu Huang
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Hu Zhu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Yingming Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yalin Li
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Xuewen Li
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Zhishan Guo
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Jiayou Liu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Feihua Wu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Niloufar Pirayesh
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sakil Mahmud
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - František Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, D-53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lei Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Microelement Research Center/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology and Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
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26
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Mechanical Stimulation Decreases Auxin and Gibberellic Acid Synthesis but Does Not Affect Auxin Transport in Axillary Buds; It Also Stimulates Peroxidase Activity in Petunia × atkinsiana. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062714. [PMID: 36985685 PMCID: PMC10053601 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thigmomorphogenesis (or mechanical stimulation-MS) is a term created by Jaffe and means plant response to natural stimuli such as the blow of the wind, strong rain, or touch, resulting in a decrease in length and an increase of branching as well as an increase in the activity of axillary buds. MS is very well known in plant morphology, but physiological processes controlling plant growth are not well discovered yet. In the current study, we tried to find an answer to the question if MS truly may affect auxin synthesis or transport in the early stage of plant growth, and which physiological factors may be responsible for growth arrest in petunia. According to the results of current research, we noticed that MS affects plant growth but does not block auxin transport from the apical bud. MS arrests IAA and GA3 synthesis in MS-treated plants over the longer term. The main factor responsible for the thickening of cell walls and the same strengthening of vascular tissues and growth arrestment, in this case, is peroxidase (POX) activity, but special attention should be also paid to AGPs as signaling molecules which also are directly involved in growth regulation as well as in cell wall modifications.
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Dopamine Inhibits Arabidopsis Growth through Increased Oxidative Stress and Auxin Activity. STRESSES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses3010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Like some bacterial species and all animals, plants synthesize dopamine and react to its exogenous applications. Despite dopamine’s widespread presence and activity in plants, its role in plant physiology is still poorly understood. Using targeted experimentation informed by the transcriptomic response to dopamine exposure, we identify three major effects of dopamine. First, we show that dopamine causes hypersensitivity to auxin indole-3-acetic acid by enhancing auxin activity. Second, we show that dopamine increases oxidative stress, which can be mitigated with glutathione. Third, we find that dopamine downregulates iron uptake mechanisms, leading to a decreased iron content—a response possibly aimed at reducing DA-induced oxidative stress. Finally, we show that dopamine-induced auxin sensitivity is downstream of glutathione biosynthesis, indicating that the auxin response is likely a consequence of DA-induced oxidative stress. Collectively, our results show that exogenous dopamine increases oxidative stress, which inhibits growth both directly and indirectly by promoting glutathione-biosynthesis-dependent auxin hypersensitivity.
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Han Y, Zhang C, Sha H, Wang X, Yu Y, Liu J, Zhao G, Wang J, Qiu G, Xu X, Fang J. Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme OsUBC11 Affects the Development of Roots via Auxin Pathway. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:9. [PMID: 36808375 PMCID: PMC9941415 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rice has 48 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, and the functions of most of these enzymes have not been elucidated. In the present study, a T-DNA insertional mutant named R164, which exhibited a significant decrease in the length of primary and lateral roots, was used as the experimental material to explore the potential function of OsUBC11. Analysis using the SEFA-PCR method showed that the T-DNA insertion was present in the promoter region of OsUBC11 gene, which encodes ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2), and activates its expression. Biochemical experiments showed that OsUBC11 is a lysine-48-linked ubiquitin chain-forming conjugase. OsUBC11 overexpression lines showed the same root phenotypes. These results demonstrated that OsUBC11 was involved in root development. Further analyses showed that the IAA content of R164 mutant and OE3 line were significantly lower compared with wild-type Zhonghua11. Application of exogenous NAA restored the length of lateral and primary roots in R164 and OsUBC11 overexpression lines. Expression of the auxin synthesis regulating gene OsYUCCA4/6/7/9, the auxin transport gene OsAUX1, auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) family gene OsIAA31, auxin response factor OsARF16 and root regulator key genes, including OsWOX11, OsCRL1, OsCRL5 was significantly down-regulated in OsUBC11 overexpressing plants. Collectively, these results indicate that OsUBC11 modulates auxin signaling, ultimately affecting root development at the rice seedling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hanjing Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League, 137400, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Guangxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guankai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xingjian Xu
- Hinggan League Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hinggan League, 137400, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Jun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China.
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Yang Y, Wang J, Xu Y, Abbas F, Xu D, Tao S, Xie X, Song F, Huang Q, Sharma A, Zheng L, Yan D, Wang X, Zheng B, Yuan H, Wu R, He Y. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of AUX/LAX family genes in Chinese hickory ( Carya cathayensis Sarg.) Under various abiotic stresses and grafting. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1060965. [PMID: 36684757 PMCID: PMC9849883 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1060965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is essential for regulating plant growth and development as well as the response of plants to abiotic stresses. AUX/LAX proteins are auxin influx transporters belonging to the amino acid permease family of proton-driven transporters, and are involved in the transport of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). However, how AUX/LAX genes respond to abiotic stresses in Chinese hickory is less studied. For the first time identification, structural characteristics as well as gene expression analysis of the AUX/LAX gene family in Chinese hickory were conducted by using techniques of gene cloning and real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Eight CcAUX/LAXs were identified in Chinese hickory, all of which had the conserved structural characteristics of AUX/LAXs. CcAUX/LAXs were most closely related to their homologous proteins in Populus trichocarpa , which was in consistence with their common taxonomic character of woody trees. CcAUX/LAXs exhibited different expression profiles in different tissues, indicating their varying roles during growth and development. A number of light-, hormone-, and abiotic stress responsive cis-acting regulatory elements were detected on the promoters of CcAUX/LAX genes. CcAUX/LAX genes responded differently to drought and salt stress treatments to varying degrees. Furthermore, CcAUX/LAX genes exhibited complex expression changes during Chinese hickory grafting. These findings not only provide a valuable resource for further functional validation of CcAUX/LAXs, but also contribute to a better understanding of their potential regulatory functions during grafting and abiotic stress treatments in Chinese hickory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Farhat Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongbin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenchen Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Anket Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luqing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daoliang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingsong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huwei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Departments of Public Health Sciences and Statistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yi He
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Forest Aromatic Plants-based Healthcare Functions, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry (A&F) University, Hangzhou, China
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Gao XR, Zhang H, Li X, Bai YW, Peng K, Wang Z, Dai ZR, Bian XF, Zhang Q, Jia LC, Li Y, Liu QC, Zhai H, Gao SP, Zhao N, He SZ. The B-box transcription factor IbBBX29 regulates leaf development and flavonoid biosynthesis in sweet potato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:496-514. [PMID: 36377782 PMCID: PMC9806656 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant flavonoids are valuable natural antioxidants. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaves are rich in flavonoids, regenerate rapidly, and can adapt to harsh environments, making them an ideal material for flavonoid biofortification. Here, we demonstrate that the B-box (BBX) family transcription factor IbBBX29 regulates the flavonoid contents and development of sweet potato leaves. IbBBX29 was highly expressed in sweet potato leaves and significantly induced by auxin (IAA). Overexpression of IbBBX29 contributed to a 21.37%-70.94% increase in leaf biomass, a 12.08%-21.85% increase in IAA levels, and a 31.33%-63.03% increase in flavonoid accumulation in sweet potato, whereas silencing this gene produced opposite effects. Heterologous expression of IbBBX29 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) led to a dwarfed phenotype, along with enhanced IAA and flavonoid accumulation. RNA-seq analysis revealed that IbBBX29 modulates the expression of genes involved in the IAA signaling and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that IbBBX29 targets key genes of IAA signaling and flavonoid biosynthesis to activate their expression by binding to specific T/G-boxes in their promoters, especially those adjacent to the transcription start site. Moreover, IbBBX29 physically interacted with developmental and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis-related proteins, such as AGAMOUS-LIKE 21 protein IbAGL21 and MYB308-like protein IbMYB308L. Finally, overexpressing IbBBX29 also increased flavonoid contents in sweet potato storage roots. These findings indicate that IbBBX29 plays a pivotal role in regulating IAA-mediated leaf development and flavonoid biosynthesis in sweet potato and Arabidopsis, providing a candidate gene for flavonoid biofortification in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-ru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Hainan 572025, China
| | - Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Hainan 572025, China
| | - Yi-wei Bai
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhuo-ru Dai
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao-feng Bian
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Li-cong Jia
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Institute of Grain and Oil Crops, Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yantai 265500, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qing-chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shao-pei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shao-zhen He
- Key Laboratory of Sweet Potato Biology and Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Hainan 572025, China
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Karami O, Philipsen C, Rahimi A, Nurillah AR, Boutilier K, Offringa R. Endogenous auxin maintains embryonic cell identity and promotes somatic embryo development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 113:7-22. [PMID: 36345646 PMCID: PMC10098609 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis (SE), or embryo development from in vitro cultured vegetative explants, can be induced in Arabidopsis by the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or by overexpression of specific transcription factors, such as AT-HOOK MOTIF NUCLEAR LOCALIZED 15 (AHL15). Here, we explored the role of endogenous auxin [indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)] during 2,4-D and AHL15-induced SE. Using the pWOX2:NLS-YFP reporter, we identified three distinct developmental stages for 2,4-D and AHL15-induced SE in Arabidopsis, with these being (i) acquisition of embryo identity; (ii) formation of pro-embryos; and (iii) somatic embryo patterning and development. The acquisition of embryo identity coincided with enhanced expression of the indole-3-pyruvic acid auxin biosynthesis YUCCA genes, resulting in an enhanced pDR5:GFP-reported auxin response in the embryo-forming tissues. Chemical inhibition of the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway did not affect the acquisition of embryo identity, but significantly reduced or completely inhibited the formation of pro-embryos. Co-application of IAA with auxin biosynthesis inhibitors in the AHL15-induced SE system rescued differentiated somatic embryo formation, confirming that increased IAA levels are important during the last two stages of SE. Our analyses also showed that polar auxin transport, with AUXIN/LIKE-AUX influx and PIN-FORMED1 efflux carriers as important drivers, is required for the transition of embryonic cells to proembryos and, later, for correct cell fate specification and differentiation. Taken together, our results indicate that endogenous IAA biosynthesis and its polar transport are not required for the acquisition of embryo identity, but rather to maintain embryonic cell identity and for the formation of multicellular proembryos and their development into histodifferentiated embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Karami
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722333 BELeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Cheryl Philipsen
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722333 BELeidenThe Netherlands
- Present address:
Plus ProjectsZwaardstraat 162584 TXThe HagueThe Netherlands
| | - Arezoo Rahimi
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722333 BELeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Annisa Ratna Nurillah
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722333 BELeidenThe Netherlands
- Present address:
BearingPoint CaribbeanKaya Flamboyan 7WillemstadCuraçao
| | - Kim Boutilier
- Bioscience, Wageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PBWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Remko Offringa
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biology LeidenLeiden UniversitySylviusweg 722333 BELeidenThe Netherlands
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Wang Y, Zhou G, Luo H, Li X, Zhang K, Wan Y. Genome-Wide Identification of PIN and PILS Gene Families in Areca catechu and the Potential Role of AcPIN6 in Lateral Brace Root Formation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:33. [PMID: 36616161 PMCID: PMC9824567 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
PIN-FORMED (PIN) and PIN-LIKES (PILS) are two families of auxin transporters that control the directional cell-to-cell transport and intracellular accumulation of auxin, thereby influencing plant growth and development. Most knowledge of PINs and PILSs was obtained from the dicot model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we focus on the distribution and expression of the PIN and PILS gene families in areca palm (Areca catechu), a monocot tree. The whole genomic dataset of areca palm was used to identify twelve AcPINs and eight AcPILSs, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed of PINS and PILS together with several other palm species, including the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), and coconut (Cocos nucifera). We further analyzed the expression patterns of AcPIN and AcPILS in areca palm, and found that AcPIN6 displayed an extremely high transcriptional abundance in the brace roots and was extremely stimulated in the lateral root primordium. This result implies that AcPIN6 plays an important role in the growth and formation of brace roots, especially in lateral root initiation. We also overexpressed AcPIN6 and AcPIN6-eGFP in Arabidopsis, and the results revealed that the PIN6 localized on the plasma membrane and affected auxin-related phenomena. Taken together, we analyzed the evolutionary relationships of PINs and PILSs in palm species, and the roles of PIN6 in areca palm root formation. The results will improve the understanding of root system construction in large palm trees.
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Wei W, Tao JJ, Yin CC, Chen SY, Zhang JS, Zhang WK. Melatonin regulates gene expressions through activating auxin synthesis and signaling pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1057993. [PMID: 36582645 PMCID: PMC9792792 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1057993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both melatonin and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) are derived from tryptophan. And the most interesting and unsolved puzzle in melatonin research is that what is the relationship between melatonin and auxin? METHODS In this study, we performed transcriptome analysis with a time series method to disclose the connection of the two metabolites in soybean. RESULTS Our results reveal that melatonin and IAA treatments cause substantial overlaps in gene expression changes. Common genes of melatonin and IAA treatments could be sorted into clusters with very similar expression tendency. A KEGG assay showed that exogenous applied melatonin enriched differentially expressed genes in auxin biosynthesis and signaling pathways. For details, melatonin up-regulates several YUCCA genes which participate in auxin biosynthesis; melatonin also enhances expression levels of auxin receptor coding genes, such as TIR1, AFB3 and AFB5; dozens of genes involved in auxin transport, such as AUXI and PIN, are regulated by melatonin similarly as by auxin; auxin-responsive genes, such as IAA, ARF, GH3 and SAUR-like genes, intensively respond to melatonin as well as to auxin. A DR5 promoter mediated GUS staining assay showed that low concentration of melatonin could induce auxin biosynthesis in a dosage manner, whereas high concentration of melatonin would eliminate such effect. At last, gene ontology (GO) analysis suggests that melatonin treatment has similar characteristics as auxin treatment in many processes. However, the two molecules still keep their own features respectively. For example, melatonin takes part in stress responses, while IAA treatment enriches the GO terms that related to cell growth. CONCLUSION Taken together, exogenous applied melatonin, if not exceeds the appropriate concentration, could promote auxin responses range from biosynthesis to signaling transduction. Thus, our research is a key part to explain the auxin-like roles of melatonin in regulating plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Tao
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cui-Cui Yin
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shou-Yi Chen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Song Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wan-Ke Zhang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Manna M, Rengasamy B, Ambasht NK, Sinha AK. Characterization and expression profiling of PIN auxin efflux transporters reveal their role in developmental and abiotic stress conditions in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1059559. [PMID: 36531415 PMCID: PMC9751476 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1059559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The auxin efflux transporter proteins called PINs ferry auxin from its source to sinks in particular directions depending on their polar localizations in the plasma membrane, thus facilitating the development of the entire plant architecture. The rice genome has 12 PIN genes distributed over eight chromosomes. To study their roles in plant development, abiotic stress responsiveness, and shaping an auxin-dependent root architecture, a genome-wide analysis was carried out. Based on phylogeny, cellular localization, and hydrophilic loop domain size, the PINs were categorized into canonical and noncanonical PINs. PINs were found expressed in all of the organs of plants that emphasized their indispensable role throughout the plant's life cycle. We discovered that PIN5C and PIN9 were upregulated during salt and drought stress. We also found that regardless of its cellular level, auxin functioned as a molecular switch to turn on auxin biosynthesis genes. On the contrary, although PIN expression was upregulated upon initial treatment with auxin, prolonged auxin treatment not only led to their downregulation but also led to the development of auxin-dependent altered root formation in rice. Our study paves the way for developing stress-tolerant rice and plants with a desirable root architecture by genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinalini Manna
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Alok Krishna Sinha
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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Mehra P, Pandey BK, Melebari D, Banda J, Leftley N, Couvreur V, Rowe J, Anfang M, De Gernier H, Morris E, Sturrock CJ, Mooney SJ, Swarup R, Faulkner C, Beeckman T, Bhalerao RP, Shani E, Jones AM, Dodd IC, Sharp RE, Sadanandom A, Draye X, Bennett MJ. Hydraulic flux-responsive hormone redistribution determines root branching. Science 2022; 378:762-768. [PMID: 36395221 DOI: 10.1126/science.add3771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant roots exhibit plasticity in their branching patterns to forage efficiently for heterogeneously distributed resources, such as soil water. The xerobranching response represses lateral root formation when roots lose contact with water. Here, we show that xerobranching is regulated by radial movement of the phloem-derived hormone abscisic acid, which disrupts intercellular communication between inner and outer cell layers through plasmodesmata. Closure of these intercellular pores disrupts the inward movement of the hormone signal auxin, blocking lateral root branching. Once root tips regain contact with moisture, the abscisic acid response rapidly attenuates. Our study reveals how roots adapt their branching pattern to heterogeneous soil water conditions by linking changes in hydraulic flux with dynamic hormone redistribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Mehra
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Bipin K Pandey
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dalia Melebari
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jason Banda
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nicola Leftley
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Valentin Couvreur
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - James Rowe
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Moran Anfang
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hugues De Gernier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB-UGent, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emily Morris
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Craig J Sturrock
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sacha J Mooney
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ranjan Swarup
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB-UGent, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eilon Shani
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Ian C Dodd
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Robert E Sharp
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ari Sadanandom
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Durham, UK
| | - Xavier Draye
- Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Malcolm J Bennett
- Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Park MH, Malka SK. Gibberellin delays metabolic shift during tomato ripening by inducing auxin signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1045761. [PMID: 36452096 PMCID: PMC9703062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1045761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening involves the dynamic interaction of phytohormones. Ethylene (ET) and gibberellin (GA) antagonistically affect fruit ripening. However, the mechanism of GA and its potential interaction with ET during fruit ripening remain unknown. To identify the potential molecular mechanism of ET and GA interplay in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit ripening, transcriptome and metabolomic profiling was carried out in tomato fruit treated with GA, ET or the combination of the two hormones (GA+ET). ET accelerated fruit ripening with the simultaneous repression of auxin signaling. In contrast, gibberellin delayed ripening by the upregulation of auxin signaling. ET signaling and response was inhibited by GA or combined with ET. At the metabolite level, while GA treatment inhibited metabolite shift during ripening, ET treatment promoted. In the combined hormone treatment, ET reduced or recovered GA inhibitory effect on specific metabolites. This study provided insight into ET and GA interaction, highlighting the importance of auxin signaling in metabolic shifts during tomato ripening progression.
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Conde D, Triozzi PM, Pereira WJ, Schmidt HW, Balmant KM, Knaack SA, Redondo-López A, Roy S, Dervinis C, Kirst M. Single-nuclei transcriptome analysis of the shoot apex vascular system differentiation in Populus. Development 2022; 149:dev200632. [PMID: 36178121 PMCID: PMC9720752 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of stem cells in the plant apex gives rise to aerial tissues and organs. Presently, we lack a lineage map of the shoot apex cells in woody perennials - a crucial gap considering their role in determining primary and secondary growth. Here, we used single-nuclei RNA-sequencing to determine cell type-specific transcriptomes of the Populus vegetative shoot apex. We identified highly heterogeneous cell populations clustered into seven broad groups represented by 18 transcriptionally distinct cell clusters. Next, we established the developmental trajectories of the epidermis, leaf mesophyll and vascular tissue. Motivated by the high similarities between Populus and Arabidopsis cell population in the vegetative apex, we applied a pipeline for interspecific single-cell gene expression data integration. We contrasted the developmental trajectories of primary phloem and xylem formation in both species, establishing the first comparison of vascular development between a model annual herbaceous and a woody perennial plant species. Our results offer a valuable resource for investigating the principles underlying cell division and differentiation conserved between herbaceous and perennial species while also allowing us to examine species-specific differences at single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Conde
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Paolo M. Triozzi
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Wendell J. Pereira
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Henry W. Schmidt
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kelly M. Balmant
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Sara A. Knaack
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Arturo Redondo-López
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Sushmita Roy
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Christopher Dervinis
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Matias Kirst
- School of Forest, Fisheries and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Shah G, Fiaz S, Attia KA, Khan N, Jamil M, Abbas A, Yang SH, Jumin T. Indole pyruvate decarboxylase gene regulates the auxin synthesis pathway in rice by interacting with the indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase gene, promoting root hair development under cadmium stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1023723. [PMID: 36340357 PMCID: PMC9635337 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1023723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This research focused on cadmium (Cd), which negatively affects plant growth and auxin hemostasis. In plants, many processes are indirectly controlled through the expression of certain genes due to the secretion of bacterial auxin, as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) acts as a reciprocal signaling molecule in plant-microbe interaction. The aim of current studies was to investigate responsible genes in rice for plant-microbe interaction and lateral root development due to the involvement of several metabolic pathways. Studies revealed that GH3-2 interacts with endogenous IAA in a homeostasis manner without directly providing IAA. In rice, indole-3-pyruvate decarboxylase (IPDC) transgenic lines showed a 40% increase in lateral roots. Auxin levels and YUCCA (auxin biosynthesis gene) expression were monitored in osaux1 mutant lines inoculated with Bacillus cereus exposed to Cd. The results showed an increase in root hairs (RHs) and lateral root density, changes in auxin levels, and expression of the YUCCA gene. B. cereus normalizes the oxidative stress caused by Cd due to the accumulation of O 2 - and H2O2 in osaux1 mutant lines. Furthermore, the inoculation of B. cereus increases DR5:GUS expression, indicating that bacterial species have a positive role in auxin regulation. Thus, the current study suggests that B. cereus and IPDC transgenic lines increase the RH development in rice by interacting with IAA synthetase genes in the host plant, alleviating Cd toxicity and enhancing plant defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulmeena Shah
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Kotb A. Attia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naeem Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Florida University, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Abbas
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Tu Jumin
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Long Y, Chen Q, Qu Y, Liu P, Jiao Y, Cai Y, Deng X, Zheng K. Identification and functional analysis of PIN family genes in Gossypium barbadense. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14236. [PMID: 36275460 PMCID: PMC9586078 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PIN proteins are an important class of auxin polar transport proteins that play an important regulatory role in plant growth and development. However, their characteristics and functions have not been identified in Gossypium barbadense. Methods PIN family genes were identified in the cotton species G. barbadense, Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium raimondii, and Gossypium arboreum, and detailed bioinformatics analyses were conducted to explore the roles of these genes in G. barbadense using transcriptome data and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technology. Functional verification of the genes was performed using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology. Results A total of 138 PIN family genes were identified in the four cotton species; the genes were divided into seven subgroups. GbPIN gene family members were widely distributed on 20 different chromosomes, and most had repeated duplication events. Transcriptome analysis showed that some genes had differential expression patterns in different stages of fiber development. According to 'PimaS-7' and '5917' transcript component association analysis, the transcription of five genes was directly related to endogenous auxin content in cotton fibers. qRT-PCR analysis showed that the GbPIN7 gene was routinely expressed during fiber development, and there were significant differences among materials. Transient silencing of the GbPIN7 gene by VIGS led to significantly higher cotton plant growth rates and significantly lower endogenous auxin content in leaves and stems. This study provides comprehensive analyses of the roles of PIN family genes in G. barbadense and their expression during cotton fiber development. Our results will form a basis for further PIN auxin transporter research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Long
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Quanjia Chen
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanying Qu
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yongsheng Cai
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiaojuan Deng
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China,Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, Hainan, China,Postdoctoral Research Station, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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40
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Yang F, Lv G. Combined analysis of transcriptome and metabolome reveals the molecular mechanism and candidate genes of Haloxylon drought tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1020367. [PMID: 36330247 PMCID: PMC9622360 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1020367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum, as typical desert plants, show strong drought tolerance and environmental adaptability. They are ideal model plants for studying the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to reveal the response mechanisms of H. ammodendron and H. persicum to a drought environment at the levels of transcription and physiological metabolism. The results showed that the morphological structures of H. ammodendron and H. persicum showed adaptability to drought stress. Under drought conditions, the peroxidase activity, abscisic acid content, auxin content, and gibberellin content of H. ammodendron increased, while the contents of proline and malondialdehyde decreased. The amino acid content of H. persicum was increased, while the contents of proline, malondialdehyde, auxin, and gibberellin were decreased. Under drought conditions, 12,233 and 17,953 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in H. ammodendron and H. persicum , respectively, including members of multiple transcription factor families such as FAR1, AP2/ERF, C2H2, bHLH, MYB, C2C2, and WRKY that were significantly up-regulated under drought stress. In the positive ion mode, 296 and 452 differential metabolites (DEMs) were identified in H. ammodendron and H. persicum, respectively; in the negative ion mode, 252 and 354 DEMs were identified, primarily in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. A combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis showed that drought stress promoted the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways of H. ammodendron and H. persicum and increased the expression of amino acid synthesis pathways, consistent with the physiological results. In addition, transcriptome and metabolome were jointly used to analyze the expression changes of the genes/metabolites of H. ammodendron and H. persicum that were associated with drought tolerance but were regulated differently in the two plants. This study identified drought-tolerance genes and metabolites in H. ammodendron and H. persicum and has provided new ideas for studying the drought stress response of Haloxylon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe, China
| | - Guanghui Lv
- School of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Ministry of Education, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Jinghe, China
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Huang ZH, Bao K, Jing ZH, Wang Q, Duan HF, Zhang S, Tao WW, Wu QN. Euryale Small Auxin Up RNA62 promotes cell elongation and seed size by altering the distribution of indole-3-acetic acid under the light. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:931063. [PMID: 36160968 PMCID: PMC9500450 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.931063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Euryale (Euryale ferox Salisb.) is an aquatic crop used as both food and drug in Asia, but its utilization is seriously limited due to low yield. Previously, we hypothesized that Euryale small auxin up RNAs (EuSAURs) regulate seed size, but the underlying biological functions and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we observed that the hybrid Euryale lines (HL) generate larger seeds with higher indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations than those in the North Gordon Euryale (WT). Histological analysis suggested that a larger ovary in HL is attributed to longer cells around. Overexpression of EuSAUR62 in rice (Oryza sativa L.) resulted in larger glumes and grains and increased the length of glume cells. Immunofluorescence and protein interaction assays revealed that EuSAUR62 modulates IAA accumulation around the rice ovary by interacting with the rice PIN-FORMED 9, an auxin efflux carrier protein. Euryale basic region/leucine zipper 55 (EubZIP55), which was highly expressed in HL, directly binds to the EuSAUR62 promoter and activated the expression of EuSAUR62. Constant light increased the expression of both EubZIP55 and EuSAUR62 with auxin-mediated hook curvature in HL seedlings. Overall, we proposed that EuSAUR62 is a molecular bridge between light and IAA and plays a crucial role in regulating the size of the Euryale seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-heng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Zong-hui Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-fang Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-wei Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-nan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
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Gao J, Qian Z, Zhang Y, Zhuang S. Exogenous spermidine regulates the anaerobic enzyme system through hormone concentrations and related-gene expression in Phyllostachys praecox roots under flooding stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 186:182-196. [PMID: 35868108 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acclimation to hypoxia and anoxia is important in various ecological systems, especially flooded soil. Phyllostachys pracecox is sensitive to flooding, and therefore, it is important to explore ways of alleviating hypoxia stress in the roots. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effect of spermidine (Spd) on flooded P. praecox seedlings. METHODS A batch experiment was carried out in roots treated with Spd under flooding for eight days. The following factors were subsequently measured: growth, survival rate, root respiratory activity, soluble protein and anaerobic respiration enzyme contents (pyruvate decarboxylase, PDC; alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH; alanine aminotransferase, AlaAT), S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC), nitrate reductase (NR), ACC oxidase (ACO) and ACC synthetase (ACS) activities, free Spd, spermine (Spm) and the diamine precursor putrescine (Put) content, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) content, ethylene emissions and expression of hormone-related genes. RESULTS Application of Spd promoted root growth (root length, volume, surface and dry weight) and root respiratory inhibition, improved the soluble protein content, and reduced the O2·- production rate, H2O2 and MDA content to alleviate the damage of roots under flooding. A significant increase in SAMDC activity, and ABA and IAA contents were also observed, along with a reduction in ethylene emissions, NR, ACO and ACS activities (p < 0.05). Exogenous Spd increased the free Spd and Spm contents in the P. praecox roots, but decreased the free Put content. Taken together, these findings suggest that hypoxia stress was alleviated. Moreover, exogenous Spd up-regulated the expression of auxin-related genes ARF1, AUX1, AUX2, AUX3 and AUX4, and down-regulated the expression of ethylene-related ACO and ACS genes during flooding. In addition, correlation and RDA analysis showed that ARF1, ACO and ACS significantly promoted the expression of auxin, ACO and ACS enzyme activities, respectively (p < 0.05), while ADH, NR, AlaAT, ethylene emissions, Put, Spd, ACS and ACO were significantly correlated with ACS, ACO, and auxin-related gene expression (p < 0.05). Overall, ethylene emissions, ACS and ACO were identified as the main drivers of ethylene and auxin-related gene structure. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Spd regulated hormone concentrations, the content of Spd, Spm and Put, and related gene expression, in turn regulating physiological changes such as anaerobic enzyme activity, mitigating flooding stress in the roots and improving overall growth. Spd therefore has the potential to improve the adaptability of P. praecox to flooding stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshuang Gao
- State Key Lab of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Qian
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yuhe Zhang
- State Key Lab of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shunyao Zhuang
- State Key Lab of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Li J, Xie L, Ren J, Zhang T, Cui J, Bao Z, Zhou W, Bai J, Gong C. CkREV regulates xylem vessel development in Caragana korshinskii in response to drought. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:982853. [PMID: 36092404 PMCID: PMC9453446 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.982853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress poses severe threat to the development and even the survival status of plants. Plants utilize various methods responding to drought, among which the forming of more well-developed xylem in leaf vein in woody plants deserves our attention. Herein, we report a transcription factor CkREV from HD-ZIP III family in Caragana korshinskii, which possesses significant functions in drought response by regulating xylem vessel development in leaf vein. Research reveal that in C. korshinskii the expression level of CkREV located in xylem vessel and adjacent cells will increase as the level of drought intensifies, and can directly induce the expression of CkLAX3, CkVND6, CkVND7, and CkPAL4 by binding to their promoter regions. In Arabidopsis thaliana, CkREV senses changes in drought stress signals and bidirectionally regulates the expression of related genes to control auxin polar transport, vessel differentiation, and synthesis of cell wall deposits, thereby significantly enhancing plant drought tolerance. In conclusion, our findings offer a novel understanding of the regulation of CkREV, a determinant of leaf adaxial side, on the secondary development of xylem vessels in leaf vein to enhance stress tolerance in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lifang Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiejie Ren
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianxin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinhao Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhulatai Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenfei Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Bai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunmei Gong
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
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Huang X, Maisch J, Hayashi KI, Nick P. Fluorescent Auxin Analogs Report Two Auxin Binding Sites with Different Subcellular Distribution and Affinities: A Cue for Non-Transcriptional Auxin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158593. [PMID: 35955725 PMCID: PMC9369420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of auxin signaling is partially due to multiple auxin receptors that trigger differential signaling. To obtain insight into the subcellular localization of auxin-binding sites, we used fluorescent auxin analogs that can undergo transport but do not deploy auxin signaling. Using fluorescent probes for different subcellular compartments, we can show that the fluorescent analog of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) associates with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and tonoplast, while the fluorescent analog of indole acetic acid (IAA) binds to the ER. The binding of the fluorescent NAA analog to the ER can be outcompeted by unlabeled NAA, which allows us to estimate the affinity of NAA for this binding site to be around 1 μM. The non-transportable auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) interferes with the binding site for the fluorescent NAA analog at the tonoplast but not with the binding site for the fluorescent IAA analog at the ER. We integrate these data into a working model, where the tonoplast hosts a binding site with a high affinity for 2,4-D, while the ER hosts a binding site with high affinity for NAA. Thus, the differential subcellular localization of binding sites reflects the differential signaling in response to these artificial auxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; (X.H.); (J.M.)
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Jan Maisch
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; (X.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Ken-Ichiro Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Okayama 700-0005, Japan;
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; (X.H.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-721-608-42144
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Lin L, Wang J, Wang Q, Ji M, Hong S, Shang L, Zhang G, Zhao Y, Ma Q, Gu C. Transcriptome Approach Reveals the Response Mechanism of Heimia myrtifolia (Lythraceae, Myrtales) to Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:877913. [PMID: 35874015 PMCID: PMC9305661 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.877913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major environmental condition that inhibits the development and cultivation of Heimia myrtifolia. The molecular processes of drought resistance in H. myrtifolia remain unknown, which has limited its application. In our study, transcriptome analyzes were compared across three treatment groups (CK, T1, and T2), to investigate the molecular mechanism of drought resistance. Plant leaves wilted and drooped as the duration of drought stress increased. The relative water content of the leaves declined dramatically, and relative electrolyte leakage rose progressively. Using an RNA-Seq approach, a total of 62,015 unigenes with an average length of 1730 bp were found, with 86.61% of them annotated to seven databases, and 14,272 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in drought stress. GO and KEGG enrichment analyzes of the DEGs revealed significantly enriched KEGG pathways, including photosynthesis, photosynthetic antenna proteins, plant hormone signal transduction, glutathione metabolism, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. Abscisic acid signal transduction was the most prevalent in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, and other plant hormone signal transductions were also involved in the drought stress response. The transcription factors (including MYB, NAC, WRKY, and bHLH) and related differential genes on significantly enriched pathways all played important roles in the drought process, such as photosynthesis-related genes and antioxidant enzyme genes. In conclusion, this study will provide several genetic resources for further investigation of the molecular processes that will be beneficial to H. myrtifolia cultivation and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qun Wang
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengcheng Ji
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sidan Hong
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linxue Shang
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guozhe Zhang
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Ma
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuihua Gu
- College of Landscape and Architecture, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Germplasm Innovation and Utilization for Southern Garden Plants, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang Z, Gao L, Ke M, Gao Z, Tu T, Huang L, Chen J, Guan Y, Huang X, Chen X. GmPIN1-mediated auxin asymmetry regulates leaf petiole angle and plant architecture in soybean. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1325-1338. [PMID: 35485227 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Crop breeding during the Green Revolution resulted in high yields largely due to the creation of plants with semi-dwarf architectures that could tolerate high-density planting. Although semi-dwarf varieties have been developed in rice, wheat and maize, none was reported in soybean (Glycine max), and few genes controlling plant architecture have been characterized in soybean. Here, we demonstrate that the auxin efflux transporter PINFORMED1 (GmPIN1), which determines polar auxin transport, regulates the leaf petiole angle in soybean. CRISPR-Cas9-induced Gmpin1abc and Gmpin1bc multiple mutants displayed a compact architecture with a smaller petiole angle than wild-type plants. GmPIN1 transcripts and auxin were distributed asymmetrically in the petiole base, with high levels of GmPIN1a/c transcript and auxin in the lower cells, which resulted in asymmetric cell expansion. By contrast, the (iso)flavonoid content was greater in the upper petiole cells than in the lower cells. Our results suggest that (iso)flavonoids inhibit GmPIN1a/c expression to regulate the petiole angle. Overall, our study demonstrates that a signal cascade that integrates (iso)flavonoid biosynthesis, GmPIN1a/c expression, auxin accumulation, and cell expansion in an asymmetric manner creates a desirable petiole curvature in soybean. This study provides a genetic resource for improving soybean plant architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Le Gao
- Department of Horticulture, Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture, Beijing, 102442, China
| | - Meiyu Ke
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tianli Tu
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Laimei Huang
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiaomei Chen
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuefeng Guan
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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47
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Chen H, Wu Q, Ni M, Chen C, Han C, Yu F. Transcriptome Analysis of Endogenous Hormone Response Mechanism in Roots of Styrax tonkinensis Under Waterlogging. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:896850. [PMID: 35734248 PMCID: PMC9208659 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.896850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As a promising oil species, Styrax tonkinensis has great potential as a biofuel due to an excellent fatty acid composition. However, frequent flooding caused by global warming and the low tolerance of the species to waterlogging largely halted its expansion in waterlogged areas. To explore endogenous hormones and phytohormone-related molecular response mechanism of S. tonkinensis under waterlogging, we determined 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and three phytohormone content (ABA, abscisic acid; SA, salicylic acid; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid) and analyzed the transcriptome of its seedlings under waterlogged condition of 3-5 cm. The sample collecting time was 0, 9, 24, and 72 h, respectively. It was concluded that ACC presented an upward trend, but other plant hormones showed a downward trend from 0 to 72 h under waterlogging stress. A total of 84,601 unigenes were assembled with a total length of 81,389,823 bp through transcriptome analysis. The GO enrichment analysis of total differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that 4,637 DEGs, 8,238 DEGs, and 7,146 DEGs were assigned into three main GO functional categories in 9 vs. 0 h, 24 vs. 0 h, and 72 vs. 0 h, respectively. We also discovered several DEGs involved in phytohormone synthesis pathway and plant hormone signaling pathway. It was concluded that the decreased transcription of PYL resulted in the weak ABA signal transduction pathway. Moreover, decreased SA content caused by the low-expressed PAL might impact the resistance of S. tonkinensis seedlings under waterlogging stress. Our research may provide a scientific basis for the understanding of the endogenous hormone response mechanism of S. tonkinensis to waterlogging and lay a foundation for further exploration of the waterlogging defect resistance genes of S. tonkinensis and improving its resistance to waterlogging stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University (NJFU), Nanjing, China
| | - Qikui Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University (NJFU), Nanjing, China
- State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Ming Ni
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University (NJFU), Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University (NJFU), Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Han
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University (NJFU), Nanjing, China
| | - Fangyuan Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forest Science, Nanjing Forestry University (NJFU), Nanjing, China
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48
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Zhu C, Box MS, Thiruppathi D, Hu H, Yu Y, Martin C, Doust AN, McSteen P, Kellogg EA. Pleiotropic and nonredundant effects of an auxin importer in Setaria and maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:715-734. [PMID: 35285930 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.14.464408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Directional transport of auxin is critical for inflorescence and floral development in flowering plants, but the role of auxin influx carriers (AUX1 proteins) has been largely overlooked. Taking advantage of available AUX1 mutants in green millet (Setaria viridis) and maize (Zea mays), we uncover previously unreported aspects of plant development that are affected by auxin influx, including higher order branches in the inflorescence, stigma branch number, glume (floral bract) development, and plant fertility. However, disruption of auxin flux does not affect all parts of the plant, with little obvious effect on inflorescence meristem size, time to flowering, and anther morphology. In double mutant studies in maize, disruptions of ZmAUX1 also affect vegetative development. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged construct of the Setaria AUX1 protein Sparse Panicle1 (SPP1) under its native promoter showed that SPP1 localizes to the plasma membrane of outer tissue layers in both roots and inflorescences, and accumulates specifically in inflorescence branch meristems, consistent with the mutant phenotype and expected auxin maxima. RNA-seq analysis indicated that most gene expression modules are conserved between mutant and wild-type plants, with only a few hundred genes differentially expressed in spp1 inflorescences. Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 technology, we disrupted SPP1 and the other four AUX1 homologs in S. viridis. SPP1 has a larger effect on inflorescence development than the others, although all contribute to plant height, tiller formation, and leaf and root development. The AUX1 importers are thus not fully redundant in S. viridis. Our detailed phenotypic characterization plus a stable GFP-tagged line offer tools for future dissection of the function of auxin influx proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanmei Zhu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Mathew S Box
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | | | - Hao Hu
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Yunqing Yu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Callista Martin
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Andrew N Doust
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Paula McSteen
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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49
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Zhu C, Box MS, Thiruppathi D, Hu H, Yu Y, Martin C, Doust AN, McSteen P, Kellogg EA. Pleiotropic and nonredundant effects of an auxin importer in Setaria and maize. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:715-734. [PMID: 35285930 PMCID: PMC9157071 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Directional transport of auxin is critical for inflorescence and floral development in flowering plants, but the role of auxin influx carriers (AUX1 proteins) has been largely overlooked. Taking advantage of available AUX1 mutants in green millet (Setaria viridis) and maize (Zea mays), we uncover previously unreported aspects of plant development that are affected by auxin influx, including higher order branches in the inflorescence, stigma branch number, glume (floral bract) development, and plant fertility. However, disruption of auxin flux does not affect all parts of the plant, with little obvious effect on inflorescence meristem size, time to flowering, and anther morphology. In double mutant studies in maize, disruptions of ZmAUX1 also affect vegetative development. A green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged construct of the Setaria AUX1 protein Sparse Panicle1 (SPP1) under its native promoter showed that SPP1 localizes to the plasma membrane of outer tissue layers in both roots and inflorescences, and accumulates specifically in inflorescence branch meristems, consistent with the mutant phenotype and expected auxin maxima. RNA-seq analysis indicated that most gene expression modules are conserved between mutant and wild-type plants, with only a few hundred genes differentially expressed in spp1 inflorescences. Using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 technology, we disrupted SPP1 and the other four AUX1 homologs in S. viridis. SPP1 has a larger effect on inflorescence development than the others, although all contribute to plant height, tiller formation, and leaf and root development. The AUX1 importers are thus not fully redundant in S. viridis. Our detailed phenotypic characterization plus a stable GFP-tagged line offer tools for future dissection of the function of auxin influx proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanmei Zhu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Mathew S Box
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | | | - Hao Hu
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Yunqing Yu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Callista Martin
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Andrew N Doust
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Paula McSteen
- Division of Biological Sciences, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, and Missouri Maize Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, USA
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Zhao Y, Sun Y, Cao K, Zhang X, Bian J, Han C, Jiang Y, Xu L, Wang X. Combined use of specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) and bulked segregant analysis (BSA) for rapid identification of genes influencing fiber content of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:250. [PMID: 35596150 PMCID: PMC9123736 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03594-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), an ancient crop, is a significant source of high-quality fiber that primarily caters to the textile industry worldwide. Fiber content is a crucial quantitative trait for evaluating fiber yield in hemp. Understanding the genetic mechanisms involved in hemp breeding is essential for improving yield. In this study, we developed 660 F1 plants from a cross between Jindao-15 (high fiber content fiber-use variety) and Fire No.1 (low fiber content fiber-use variety), and thirty plants each with high and low fiber content were selected from 305 monoecious plants of this population according to 5%-10% of population size for quantitative traits. The DNA from these plants was extracted to establish two bulk DNA pools and then subjected to the restriction digestion by the enzymes RsaI and HaeIII to obtain 314-364 bp digestion fragments and subjected to sequencing using specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). Finally, we successfully developed 368,404 SLAF tags, which led to the detection of 25,133 high-quality SNPs. Combing with the resequencing results of parents, the SNPs of mixed pools were then subjected to the SNP-Index correlation algorithm, which revealed four candidate regions related to fiber content traits on Chromosome 1, with a length of 8.68 Mb and containing 389 annotated genes. The annotation information and the comparison results identified 15 genes that were highly likely to modulate the fiber content of hemp. Further, qPCR validation identified six genes (LOC115705530, LOC115705875, LOC115704794, LOC115705371, LOC115705688 and LOC115707511) that were highly positively correlated with influencing the hemp fiber content. These genes were involved in the transcription regulation, auxin and water transportion, one carbon and sugar metabolism. And non-synnoumous mutation SNPs which may play vital role in influencing the fiber content were detected in LOC115705875, LOC115704794, LOC115705688 and LOC115707511. Thus, our study highlights the importance of the combined use of SLAF-Seq and Bulked Segregant analysis (BSA) to locate genes related to hemp fiber content rapidly. Hence, our study provides novel mechanistic inputs for the fast identification of genes related to important agronomic traits of hemp and other crops catering to the textile industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yufeng Sun
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kun Cao
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jing Bian
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chengwei Han
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Daqing Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences, Heilongjiang, China.
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