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Ma Y, Chang W, Li Y, Xu J, Song Y, Yao X, Wang L, Sun Y, Guo L, Zhang H, Liu X. Plant cuticles repress organ initiation and development during skotomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100850. [PMID: 38409782 PMCID: PMC11211553 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
After germination in the dark, plants produce a shoot apical hook and closed cotyledons to protect the quiescent shoot apical meristem (SAM), which is critical for seedling survival during skotomorphogenesis. The factors that coordinate these processes, particularly SAM repression, remain enigmatic. Plant cuticles, multilayered structures of lipid components on the outermost surface of the aerial epidermis of all land plants, provide protection against desiccation and external environmental stresses. Whether and how cuticles regulate plant development are still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that mutants of BODYGUARD1 (BDG1) and long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase2 (LACS2), key genes involved in cutin biosynthesis, produce a short hypocotyl with an opened apical hook and cotyledons in which the SAM is activated during skotomorphogenesis. Light signaling represses expression of BDG1 and LACS2, as well as cutin biosynthesis. Transcriptome analysis revealed that cuticles are critical for skotomorphogenesis, particularly for the development and function of chloroplasts. Genetic and molecular analyses showed that decreased HOOKLESS1 expression results in apical hook opening in the mutants. When hypoxia-induced expression of LITTLE ZIPPER2 at the SAM promotes organ initiation in the mutants, the de-repressed expression of cell-cycle genes and the cytokinin response induce the growth of true leaves. Our results reveal previously unrecognized developmental functions of the plant cuticle during skotomorphogenesis and demonstrate a mechanism by which light initiates photomorphogenesis through dynamic regulation of cuticle synthesis to induce coordinated and systemic changes in organ development and growth during the skotomorphogenesis-to-photomorphogenesis transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China
| | - Wenwen Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
| | - Yongpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China
| | - Yongli Song
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China
| | - Xinmiao Yao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050021, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China.
| | - Xigang Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China; Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China.
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2
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Wang JL, Wang M, Zhang L, Li YX, Li JJ, Li YY, Pu ZX, Li DY, Liu XN, Guo W, Di DW, Li XF, Guo GQ, Wu L. WAV E3 ubiquitin ligases mediate degradation of IAA32/34 in the TMK1-mediated auxin signaling pathway during apical hook development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314353121. [PMID: 38635634 PMCID: PMC11047095 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314353121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Auxin regulates plant growth and development through downstream signaling pathways, including the best-known SCFTIR1/AFB-Aux/IAA-ARF pathway and several other less characterized "noncanonical" pathways. Recently, one SCFTIR1/AFB-independent noncanonical pathway, mediated by Transmembrane Kinase 1 (TMK1), was discovered through the analyses of its functions in Arabidopsis apical hook development. Asymmetric accumulation of auxin on the concave side of the apical hook triggers DAR1-catalyzed release of the C-terminal of TMK1, which migrates into the nucleus, where it phosphorylates and stabilizes IAA32/34 to inhibit cell elongation, which is essential for full apical hook formation. However, the molecular factors mediating IAA32/34 degradation have not been identified. Here, we show that proteins in the CYTOKININ INDUCED ROOT WAVING 1 (CKRW1)/WAVY GROWTH 3 (WAV3) subfamily act as E3 ubiquitin ligases to target IAA32/34 for ubiquitination and degradation, which is inhibited by TMK1c-mediated phosphorylation. This antagonistic interaction between TMK1c and CKRW1/WAV3 subfamily E3 ubiquitin ligases regulates IAA32/34 levels to control differential cell elongation along opposite sides of the apical hook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
- Basic Forestry and Proteomics Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou350002, People’s Republic of China
| | - You-Xia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Yang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Xian Pu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan-Yang Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing-Nan Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wang Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Wei Di
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guang-Qin Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
- Gansu Province Key Laboratory of Gene Editing for Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou730000, People’s Republic of China
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Ang ACH, Østergaard L. Save your TIRs - more to auxin than meets the eye. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:971-976. [PMID: 36721296 PMCID: PMC10952682 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Auxin has long been known as an important regulator of plant growth and development. Classical studies in auxin biology have uncovered a 'canonical' transcriptional auxin-signalling pathway involving the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX (TIR1/AFB) receptors. TIR1/AFB perception of auxin triggers the degradation of repressors and the derepression of auxin-responsive genes. Nevertheless, the canonical pathway cannot account for all aspects of auxin biology, such as physiological responses that are too rapid for transcriptional regulation. This Tansley insight will explore several 'non-canonical' pathways that have been described in recent years mediating fast auxin responses. We focus on the interplay between a nontranscriptional branch of TIR1/AFB signalling and a TRANSMEMBRANE KINASE1 (TMK1)-mediated pathway in root acid growth. Other developmental aspects involving the TMKs and their association with the controversial AUXIN-BINDING PROTEIN 1 (ABP1) will be discussed. Finally, we provide an updated overview of the ETTIN (ETT)-mediated pathway in contexts outside of gynoecium development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lars Østergaard
- John Innes CentreNorwichNR4 7UHUK
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3RBUK
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4
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Abstract
Understanding the mechanism by which patterned gene activity leads to mechanical deformation of cells and tissues to create complex forms is a major challenge for developmental biology. Plants offer advantages for addressing this problem because their cells do not migrate or rearrange during morphogenesis, which simplifies analysis. We synthesize results from experimental analysis and computational modeling to show how mechanical interactions between cellulose fibers translate through wall, cell, and tissue levels to generate complex plant tissue shapes. Genes can modify mechanical properties and stresses at each level, though the values and pattern of stresses differ from one level to the next. The dynamic cellulose network provides elastic resistance to deformation while allowing growth through fiber sliding, which enables morphogenesis while maintaining mechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Coen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Daniel J Cosgrove
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16870, USA
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5
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Wang Y, Peng Y, Guo H. To curve for survival: Apical hook development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:324-342. [PMID: 36562414 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Apical hook is a simple curved structure formed at the upper part of hypocotyls when dicot seeds germinate in darkness. The hook structure is transient but essential for seedlings' survival during soil emergence due to its efficient protection of the delicate shoot apex from mechanical injury. As a superb model system for studying plant differential growth, apical hook has fascinated botanists as early as the Darwin age, and significant advances have been achieved at both the morphological and molecular levels to understand how apical hook development is regulated. Here, we will mainly summarize the research progress at these two levels. We will also briefly compare the growth dynamics between apical hook and hypocotyl gravitropic bending at early seed germination phase, with the aim to deduce a certain consensus on their connections. Finally, we will outline the remaining questions and future research perspectives for apical hook development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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6
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Ma Y, Jonsson K, Aryal B, De Veylder L, Hamant O, Bhalerao RP. Endoreplication mediates cell size control via mechanochemical signaling from cell wall. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq2047. [PMID: 36490331 PMCID: PMC9733919 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Endoreplication is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for increasing nuclear DNA content (ploidy). Ploidy frequently scales with final cell and organ size, suggesting a key role for endoreplication in these processes. However, exceptions exist, and, consequently, the endoreplication-size nexus remains enigmatic. Here, we show that prolonged tissue folding at the apical hook in Arabidopsis requires endoreplication asymmetry under the control of an auxin gradient. We identify a molecular pathway linking endoreplication levels to cell size through cell wall remodeling and stiffness modulation. We find that endoreplication is not only permissive for growth: Endoreplication reduction enhances wall stiffening, actively reducing cell size. The cell wall integrity kinase THESEUS plays a key role in this feedback loop. Our data thus explain the nonlinearity between ploidy levels and size while also providing a molecular mechanism linking mechanochemical signaling with endoreplication-mediated dynamic control of cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Jonsson
- IRBV, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Montreal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal H1X 2B2, QC, Canada
| | - Bibek Aryal
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lieven De Veylder
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Hamant
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Developpement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Rishikesh P. Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
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7
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Huang ZH, Bao K, Jing ZH, Wang Q, Duan HF, Zhang S, Tao WW, Wu QN. Euryale Small Auxin Up RNA62 promotes cell elongation and seed size by altering the distribution of indole-3-acetic acid under the light. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:931063. [PMID: 36160968 PMCID: PMC9500450 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.931063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Euryale (Euryale ferox Salisb.) is an aquatic crop used as both food and drug in Asia, but its utilization is seriously limited due to low yield. Previously, we hypothesized that Euryale small auxin up RNAs (EuSAURs) regulate seed size, but the underlying biological functions and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we observed that the hybrid Euryale lines (HL) generate larger seeds with higher indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations than those in the North Gordon Euryale (WT). Histological analysis suggested that a larger ovary in HL is attributed to longer cells around. Overexpression of EuSAUR62 in rice (Oryza sativa L.) resulted in larger glumes and grains and increased the length of glume cells. Immunofluorescence and protein interaction assays revealed that EuSAUR62 modulates IAA accumulation around the rice ovary by interacting with the rice PIN-FORMED 9, an auxin efflux carrier protein. Euryale basic region/leucine zipper 55 (EubZIP55), which was highly expressed in HL, directly binds to the EuSAUR62 promoter and activated the expression of EuSAUR62. Constant light increased the expression of both EubZIP55 and EuSAUR62 with auxin-mediated hook curvature in HL seedlings. Overall, we proposed that EuSAUR62 is a molecular bridge between light and IAA and plays a crucial role in regulating the size of the Euryale seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-heng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Zong-hui Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-fang Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-wei Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-nan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
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8
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Zeng Y, Schotte S, Trinh HK, Verstraeten I, Li J, Van de Velde E, Vanneste S, Geelen D. Genetic Dissection of Light-Regulated Adventitious Root Induction in Arabidopsis thaliana Hypocotyls. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5301. [PMID: 35628112 PMCID: PMC9140560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Photomorphogenic responses of etiolated seedlings include the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and opening of the apical hook. In addition, dark-grown seedlings respond to light by the formation of adventitious roots (AR) on the hypocotyl. How light signaling controls adventitious rooting is less well understood. Hereto, we analyzed adventitious rooting under different light conditions in wild type and photomorphogenesis mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Etiolation was not essential for AR formation but raised the competence to form AR under white and blue light. The blue light receptors CRY1 and PHOT1/PHOT2 are key elements contributing to the induction of AR formation in response to light. Furthermore, etiolation-controlled competence for AR formation depended on the COP9 signalosome, E3 ubiquitin ligase CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC (COP1), the COP1 interacting SUPPRESSOR OF PHYA-105 (SPA) kinase family members (SPA1,2 and 3) and Phytochrome-Interacting Factors (PIF). In contrast, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), suppressed AR formation. These findings provide a genetic framework that explains the high and low AR competence of Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls that were treated with dark, and light, respectively. We propose that light-induced auxin signal dissipation generates a transient auxin maximum that explains AR induction by a dark to light switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinwei Zeng
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
| | - Sebastien Schotte
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
| | - Hoang Khai Trinh
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
- Biotechnology Research and Development Institute, Can Tho University, Can Tho City 900000, Vietnam
| | - Inge Verstraeten
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
| | - Jing Li
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
| | - Ellen Van de Velde
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant SystemsBiology, VIB, Technologiepark 71, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Lab of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Korea
| | - Danny Geelen
- Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (Y.Z.); (S.S.); (H.K.T.); (I.V.); (J.L.); (E.V.d.V.)
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9
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Liang C, Wei C, Wang L, Guan Z, Shi T, Huang J, Li B, Lu Y, Liu H, Wang Y. Characterization of a Novel Creeping Tartary Buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum) Mutant lazy1. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:815131. [PMID: 35574111 PMCID: PMC9094088 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.815131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gravity is known as an important environmental factor involved in the regulation of plant architecture. To identify genes related to the gravitropism of Tartary buckwheat, a creeping line was obtained and designated as lazy1 from the mutant bank by 60Co-γ ray radiation. Genetic analysis indicated that the creeping phenotype of lazy1 was attributed to a single recessive locus. As revealed by the horizontal and inverted suspension tests, lazy1 was completely lacking in shoot negative gravitropism. The creeping growth of lazy1 occurred at the early seedling stage, which could not be recovered by exogenous heteroauxin, hormodin, α-rhodofix, or gibberellin. Different from the well-organized and equivalent cell elongation of wild type (WT), lazy1 exhibited dilated, distorted, and abnormally arranged cells in the bending stem. However, no statistical difference of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels was found between the far- and near-ground bending sides in lazy1, which suggests that the asymmetric cell elongation of lazy1 was not induced by auxin gradient. Whereas, lazy1 showed up-expressed gibberellin-regulated genes by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) as well as significantly higher levels of gibberellin, suggesting that gibberellin might be partly involved in the regulation of creeping growth in lazy1. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) identified a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to gravitropism at stages I (before bending), II (bending), and III (after bending) between WT and lazy1. Venn diagram indicated that only Pectate lyase 5 was down-expressed at stages I [Log2 fold change (Log2FC): -3.20], II (Log2FC: -4.97), and III (Log2FC: -1.23) in lazy1, compared with WT. Gene sequencing revealed that a fragment deletion occurred in the coding region of Pectate lyase 5, which induced the destruction of a pbH domain in Pectate lyase 5 of lazy1. qRT-PCR indicated that Pectate lyase 5 was extremely down-expressed in lazy1 at stage II (0.02-fold of WT). Meanwhile, lazy1 showed the affected expression of lignin- and cellulose-related genes and cumulatively abnormal levels of pectin, lignin, and cellulose. These results demonstrate the possibility that Pectate lyase 5 functions as the key gene that could mediate primary cell wall metabolism and get involved in the asymmetric cell elongation regulation of lazy1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Liang
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Chunyu Wei
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhixiu Guan
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Taoxiong Shi
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bin Li
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Guizhou Biotechnology Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guiyang, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Guizhou Biotechnology Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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10
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Wang X, Li Y, Wang X, Li X, Dong S. Physiology and metabonomics reveal differences in drought resistance among soybean varieties. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2022; 63:8. [PMID: 35332430 PMCID: PMC8948310 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-022-00339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The soybean is an important food crop worldwide. Drought during the first pod stage significantly affects soybean yield, and understanding the metabolomic and physiological changes in soybeans under drought stress is crucial. This study identified the differential metabolites in initial pod stage soybean leaves under polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress, using ultra performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, and the physiological indexes related to drought resistance. RESULTS Physiologically, drought resistance also generates enzyme and antioxidant activity; levels of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase first increased and subsequently decreased, while those of soluble sugar, soluble protein, malondialdehyde, and proline content increased in both varieties. The contents of CAT, proline and soluble sugar in Heinong 44 (HN44) were higher than those in Heinong 65 (HN65), and the contents of MDA were lower than those in HN65. In metabolomics, the OPLS-DA model was used to screen different metabolites. KEGG analysis showed that the two varieties resisted drought through different ways. Amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism play a key role in drought resistance of the two varieties, respectively. TCA cycle was one of the core pathways of drought resistance in two varieties. Changes in the content of L-Asparagine and citric acid may be one of the reasons for the difference in drought resistance between the two varieties. CONCLUSIONS We think that the reasons of drought resistance among soybean varieties are as follows: the main metabolic pathways are different under drought stress; the contents of metabolites in these metabolic pathways are different; some physiological indexes are different, such as MDA, CAT, proline content and so on. Our study enhances the understanding of the metabolomic soybean drought stress response and provides a reference for soybean drought resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyue Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yongping Li
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Harbin Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin, 150029, China
| | - Shoukun Dong
- College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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11
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Cieslak M, Owens A, Prusinkiewicz P. Computational Models of Auxin-Driven Patterning in Shoots. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2022; 14:a040097. [PMID: 34001531 PMCID: PMC8886983 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Auxin regulates many aspects of plant development and behavior, including the initiation of new outgrowth, patterning of vascular systems, control of branching, and responses to the environment. Computational models have complemented experimental studies of these processes. We review these models from two perspectives. First, we consider cellular and tissue-level models of interaction between auxin and its transporters in shoots. These models form a coherent body of results exploring different hypotheses pertinent to the patterning of new outgrowth and vascular strands. Second, we consider models operating at the level of plant organs and entire plants. We highlight techniques used to reduce the complexity of these models, which provide a path to capturing the essence of studied phenomena while running simulations efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikolaj Cieslak
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Andrew Owens
- Department of Computer Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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12
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Peng Y, Zhang D, Qiu Y, Xiao Z, Ji Y, Li W, Xia Y, Wang Y, Guo H. Growth asymmetry precedes differential auxin response during apical hook initiation in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:5-22. [PMID: 34786851 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of a hook-like structure at the apical part of the soil-emerging organs has fascinated botanists for centuries, but how it is initiated remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate with high-throughput infrared imaging and 2-D clinostat treatment that, when gravity-induced root bending is absent, apical hook formation still takes place. In such scenarios, hook formation begins with a de novo growth asymmetry at the apical part of a straightly elongating hypocotyl. Remarkably, such de novo asymmetric growth, but not the following hook enlargement, precedes the establishment of a detectable auxin response asymmetry, and is largely independent of auxin biosynthesis, transport and signaling. Moreover, we found that functional cortical microtubule array is essential for the following enlargement of hook curvature. When microtubule array was disrupted by oryzalin, the polar localization of PIN proteins and the formation of an auxin maximum became impaired at the to-be-hook region. Taken together, we propose a more comprehensive model for apical hook initiation, in which the microtubule-dependent polar localization of PINs may mediate the instruction of growth asymmetry that is either stochastically taking place, induced by gravitropic response, or both, to generate a significant auxin gradient that drives the full development of the apical hook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Peng
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuping Qiu
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhina Xiao
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yusi Ji
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Microlens Technologies, Beijing, 100086, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yiji Xia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Science, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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13
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Kashkan I, Hrtyan M, Retzer K, Humpolíčková J, Jayasree A, Filepová R, Vondráková Z, Simon S, Rombaut D, Jacobs TB, Frilander MJ, Hejátko J, Friml J, Petrášek J, Růžička K. Mutually opposing activity of PIN7 splicing isoforms is required for auxin-mediated tropic responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:329-343. [PMID: 34637542 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Advanced transcriptome sequencing has revealed that the majority of eukaryotic genes undergo alternative splicing (AS). Nonetheless, little effort has been dedicated to investigating the functional relevance of particular splicing events, even those in the key developmental and hormonal regulators. Combining approaches of genetics, biochemistry and advanced confocal microscopy, we describe the impact of alternative splicing on the PIN7 gene in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. PIN7 encodes a polarly localized transporter for the phytohormone auxin and produces two evolutionarily conserved transcripts, PIN7a and PIN7b. PIN7a and PIN7b, differing in a four amino acid stretch, exhibit almost identical expression patterns and subcellular localization. We reveal that they are closely associated and mutually influence each other's mobility within the plasma membrane. Phenotypic complementation tests indicate that the functional contribution of PIN7b per se is minor, but it markedly reduces the prominent PIN7a activity, which is required for correct seedling apical hook formation and auxin-mediated tropic responses. Our results establish alternative splicing of the PIN family as a conserved, functionally relevant mechanism, revealing an additional regulatory level of auxin-mediated plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kashkan
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Mónika Hrtyan
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Katarzyna Retzer
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Humpolíčková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6, 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Aswathy Jayasree
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Roberta Filepová
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Vondráková
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Sibu Simon
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Debbie Rombaut
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Thomas B Jacobs
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, 9052, Belgium
| | - Mikko J Frilander
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Jan Hejátko
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Růžička
- Laboratory of Hormonal Regulations in Plants, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 16502, Czech Republic
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics of Plants, Central European Institute of Technology and National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Brno, 62500, Czech Republic
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14
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Ishii M, Tateya T, Matsuda M, Hirashima T. Stalling interkinetic nuclear migration in curved pseudostratified epithelium of developing cochlea. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:211024. [PMID: 34909216 PMCID: PMC8652271 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The bending of epithelial tubes is a fundamental process in organ morphogenesis, driven by various multicellular behaviours. The cochlea in the mammalian inner ear is a representative example of spiral tissue architecture where the continuous bending of the duct is a fundamental component of its morphogenetic process. Although the cochlear duct morphogenesis has been studied by genetic approaches extensively, it is still unclear how the cochlear duct morphology is physically formed. Here, we report that nuclear behaviour changes are associated with the curvature of the pseudostratified epithelium during murine cochlear development. Two-photon live-cell imaging reveals that the nuclei shuttle between the luminal and basal edges of the cell is in phase with cell-cycle progression, known as interkinetic nuclear migration, in the flat region of the pseudostratified epithelium. However, the nuclei become stationary on the luminal side following mitosis in the curved region. Mathematical modelling together with perturbation experiments shows that this nuclear stalling facilitates luminal-basal differential growth within the epithelium, suggesting that the nuclear stalling would contribute to the bending of the pseudostratified epithelium during the cochlear duct development. The findings suggest a possible scenario of differential growth which sculpts the tissue shape, driven by collective nuclear dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Ishii
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoko Tateya
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences and Disorders, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hirashima
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- The Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
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15
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Marconi M, Wabnik K. Shaping the Organ: A Biologist Guide to Quantitative Models of Plant Morphogenesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:746183. [PMID: 34675952 PMCID: PMC8523991 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.746183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organ morphogenesis is the process of shape acquisition initiated with a small reservoir of undifferentiated cells. In plants, morphogenesis is a complex endeavor that comprises a large number of interacting elements, including mechanical stimuli, biochemical signaling, and genetic prerequisites. Because of the large body of data being produced by modern laboratories, solving this complexity requires the application of computational techniques and analyses. In the last two decades, computational models combined with wet-lab experiments have advanced our understanding of plant organ morphogenesis. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the most important achievements in the field of computational plant morphodynamics. We present a brief history from the earliest attempts to describe plant forms using algorithmic pattern generation to the evolution of quantitative cell-based models fueled by increasing computational power. We then provide an overview of the most common types of "digital plant" paradigms, and demonstrate how models benefit from diverse techniques used to describe cell growth mechanics. Finally, we highlight the development of computational frameworks designed to resolve organ shape complexity through integration of mechanical, biochemical, and genetic cues into a quantitative standardized and user-friendly environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Wabnik
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
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16
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Liu HQ, Zou YJ, Li XF, Wu L, Guo GQ. Stablization of ACOs by NatB mediated N-terminal acetylation is required for ethylene homeostasis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:320. [PMID: 34217224 PMCID: PMC8254318 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03090-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
N-terminal acetylation (NTA) is a highly abundant protein modification catalyzed by N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs) in eukaryotes. However, the plant NATs and their biological functions have been poorly explored. Here we reveal that loss of function of CKRC3 and NBC-1, the auxiliary subunit (Naa25) and catalytic subunit (Naa20) of Arabidopsis NatB, respectively, led to defects in skotomorphogenesis and triple responses of ethylene. Proteome profiling and WB test revealed that the 1-amincyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO, catalyzing the last step of ethylene biosynthesis pathway) activity was significantly down-regulated in natb mutants, leading to reduced endogenous ethylene content. The defective phenotypes could be fully rescued by application of exogenous ethylene, but less by its precursor ACC. The present results reveal a previously unknown regulation mechanism at the co-translational protein level for ethylene homeostasis, in which the NatB-mediated NTA of ACOs render them an intracellular stability to maintain ethylene homeostasis for normal growth and responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Qing Liu
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ya-Jie Zou
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guang-Qin Guo
- Institute of Cell Biology and MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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17
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Jewaria PK, Yu M, Li X. Cell Wall and Hormone Interplay Controls Growth Asymmetry. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:665-667. [PMID: 33958277 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell elongation and expansion require the biosynthesis and remodeling of cell wall composition. Recently, Aryal et al. reported how feedback between the cell wall and the auxin response controls differential growth in apical hook development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Jewaria
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Meng Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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18
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Nabi RBS, Tayade R, Hussain A, Adhikari A, Lee IJ, Loake GJ, Yun BW. A Novel DUF569 Gene Is a Positive Regulator of the Drought Stress Response in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105316. [PMID: 34070080 PMCID: PMC8158135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, global environmental change has increased abiotic stress on plants and severely affected crops. For example, drought stress is a serious abiotic stress that rapidly and substantially alters the morphological, physiological, and molecular responses of plants. In Arabidopsis, several drought-responsive genes have been identified; however, the underlying molecular mechanism of drought tolerance in plants remains largely unclear. Here, we report that the “domain of unknown function” novel gene DUF569 (AT1G69890) positively regulates drought stress in Arabidopsis. The Arabidopsis loss-of-function mutant atduf569 showed significant sensitivity to drought stress, i.e., severe wilting at the rosette-leaf stage after water was withheld for 3 days. Importantly, the mutant plant did not recover after rewatering, unlike wild-type (WT) plants. In addition, atduf569 plants showed significantly lower abscisic acid accumulation under optimal and drought-stress conditions, as well as significantly higher electrolyte leakage when compared with WT Col-0 plants. Spectrophotometric analyses also indicated a significantly lower accumulation of polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and chlorophylls in atduf569 mutant plants. Overall, our results suggest that novel DUF569 is a positive regulator of the response to drought in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Begum Syed Nabi
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (R.B.S.N.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (I.-J.L.)
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Korea
| | - Rupesh Tayade
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (R.B.S.N.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (I.-J.L.)
| | - Adil Hussain
- Department of Agriculture, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 230200, Pakistan;
| | - Arjun Adhikari
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (R.B.S.N.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (I.-J.L.)
| | - In-Jung Lee
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (R.B.S.N.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (I.-J.L.)
| | - Gary J. Loake
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, UK
- Correspondence: (G.J.L.); (B.-W.Y.)
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (R.B.S.N.); (R.T.); (A.A.); (I.-J.L.)
- Correspondence: (G.J.L.); (B.-W.Y.)
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19
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External Mechanical Cues Reveal a Katanin-Independent Mechanism behind Auxin-Mediated Tissue Bending in Plants. Dev Cell 2021; 56:67-80.e3. [PMID: 33434527 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue folding is a central building block of plant and animal morphogenesis. In dicotyledonous plants, hypocotyl folds to form hooks after seedling germination that protects their aerial stem cell niche during emergence from soil. Auxin response factors and auxin transport are reported to play a key role in this process. Here, we show that the microtubule-severing enzyme katanin contributes to hook formation. However, by exposing hypocotyls to external mechanical cues mimicking the natural soil environment, we reveal that auxin response factors ARF7/ARF19, auxin influx carriers, and katanin are dispensable for apical hook formation, indicating that these factors primarily play the role of catalyzers of tissue bending in the absence of external mechanical cues. Instead, our results reveal the key roles of the non-canonical TMK-mediated auxin pathway, PIN efflux carriers, and cellulose microfibrils as components of the core pathway behind hook formation in the presence or absence of external mechanical cues.
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20
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Jonsson K, Lathe RS, Kierzkowski D, Routier-Kierzkowska AL, Hamant O, Bhalerao RP. Mechanochemical feedback mediates tissue bending required for seedling emergence. Curr Biol 2021; 31:1154-1164.e3. [PMID: 33417884 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue bending is vital to plant development, as exemplified by apical hook formation during seedling emergence by bending of the hypocotyl. How tissue bending is coordinated during development remains poorly understood, especially in plants where cells are attached via rigid cell walls. Asymmetric distribution of the plant hormone auxin underlies differential cell elongation during apical hook formation. Yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate spatial correlation between asymmetric auxin distribution, methylesterified homogalacturonan (HG) pectin, and mechanical properties of the epidermal layer of the hypocotyl in Arabidopsis. Genetic and cell biological approaches show that this mechanochemical asymmetry is essential for differential cell elongation. We show that asymmetric auxin distribution underlies differential HG methylesterification, and conversely changes in HG methylesterification impact the auxin response domain. Our results suggest that a positive feedback loop between auxin distribution and HG methylesterification underpins asymmetric cell wall mechanochemical properties to promote tissue bending and seedling emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Jonsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Rahul S Lathe
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daniel Kierzkowski
- IRBV, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Montreal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal H1X 2B2, QC, Canada
| | | | - Olivier Hamant
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon, France
| | - Rishikesh P Bhalerao
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
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21
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Wang J, Sun N, Zhang F, Yu R, Chen H, Deng XW, Wei N. SAUR17 and SAUR50 Differentially Regulate PP2C-D1 during Apical Hook Development and Cotyledon Opening in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:3792-3811. [PMID: 33093148 PMCID: PMC7721335 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Following germination in the dark, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings undergo etiolation and develop apical hooks, closed cotyledons, and rapidly elongating hypocotyls. Upon light perception, the seedlings de-etiolate, which includes the opening of apical hooks and cotyledons. Here, we identify Arabidopsis Small Auxin Up RNA17 (SAUR17) as a downstream effector of etiolation, which serves to bring about apical hook formation and closed cotyledons. SAUR17 is highly expressed in apical hooks and cotyledons and is repressed by light. The apical organs also express a group of light-inducing SAURs, as represented by SAUR50, which promote hook and cotyledon opening. The development of etiolated or de-etiolated apical structures requires asymmetric differential cell growth. We present evidence that the opposing actions of SAUR17 and SAUR50 on apical development largely result from their antagonistic regulation of Protein Phosphatase 2C D-clade 1 (PP2C-D1), a phosphatase that suppresses cell expansion and promotes apical hook development in the dark. SAUR50 inhibits PP2C-D1, whereas SAUR17 has a higher affinity for PP2C-D1 without inhibiting its activity. PP2C-D1 predominantly associates with SAUR17 in etiolated seedlings, which shields it from inhibitory SAURs such as SAUR50. Light signals turn off SAUR17 and upregulate a subgroup of SAURs including SAUR50 at the inner side of the hook and cotyledon cells, leading to cell expansion and unfolding of the hook and cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ning Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Renbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Haodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, School of Life Sciences, and Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ning Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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22
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Zhang Y, Rodriguez L, Li L, Zhang X, Friml J. Functional innovations of PIN auxin transporters mark crucial evolutionary transitions during rise of flowering plants. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/50/eabc8895. [PMID: 33310852 PMCID: PMC7732203 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc8895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Flowering plants display the highest diversity among plant species and have notably shaped terrestrial landscapes. Nonetheless, the evolutionary origin of their unprecedented morphological complexity remains largely an enigma. Here, we show that the coevolution of cis-regulatory and coding regions of PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin transporters confined their expression to certain cell types and directed their subcellular localization to particular cell sides, which together enabled dynamic auxin gradients across tissues critical to the complex architecture of flowering plants. Extensive intraspecies and interspecies genetic complementation experiments with PINs from green alga up to flowering plant lineages showed that PIN genes underwent three subsequent, critical evolutionary innovations and thus acquired a triple function to regulate the development of three essential components of the flowering plant Arabidopsis: shoot/root, inflorescence, and floral organ. Our work highlights the critical role of functional innovations within the PIN gene family as essential prerequisites for the origin of flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Lesia Rodriguez
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Lanxin Li
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Xixi Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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23
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Deepika, Ankit, Sagar S, Singh A. Dark-Induced Hormonal Regulation of Plant Growth and Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:581666. [PMID: 33117413 PMCID: PMC7575791 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.581666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The sessile nature of plants has made them extremely sensitive and flexible toward the constant flux of the surrounding environment, particularly light and dark. The light is perceived as a signal by specific receptors which further transduce the information through the signaling intermediates and effector proteins to modulate gene expression. Signal transduction induces changes in hormone levels that alters developmental, physiological and morphological processes. Importance of light for plants growth is well recognized, but a holistic understanding of key molecular and physiological changes governing plants development under dark is awaited. Here, we describe how darkness acts as a signal causing alteration in hormone levels and subsequent modulation of the gene regulatory network throughout plant life. The emphasis of this review is on dark mediated changes in plant hormones, regulation of signaling complex COP/DET/FUS and the transcription factors PIFs which affects developmental events such as apical hook development, elongated hypocotyls, photoperiodic flowering, shortened roots, and plastid development. Furthermore, the role of darkness in shade avoidance and senescence is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amarjeet Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, India
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24
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Semeradova H, Montesinos JC, Benkova E. All Roads Lead to Auxin: Post-translational Regulation of Auxin Transport by Multiple Hormonal Pathways. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2020; 1:100048. [PMID: 33367243 PMCID: PMC7747973 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2020.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a key hormonal regulator, that governs plant growth and development in concert with other hormonal pathways. The unique feature of auxin is its polar, cell-to-cell transport that leads to the formation of local auxin maxima and gradients, which coordinate initiation and patterning of plant organs. The molecular machinery mediating polar auxin transport is one of the important points of interaction with other hormones. Multiple hormonal pathways converge at the regulation of auxin transport and form a regulatory network that integrates various developmental and environmental inputs to steer plant development. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanisms that underlie regulation of polar auxin transport by multiple hormonal pathways. Specifically, we focus on the post-translational mechanisms that contribute to fine-tuning of the abundance and polarity of auxin transporters at the plasma membrane and thereby enable rapid modification of the auxin flow to coordinate plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Semeradova
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | | | - Eva Benkova
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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25
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Zhang X, Adamowski M, Marhava P, Tan S, Zhang Y, Rodriguez L, Zwiewka M, Pukyšová V, Sánchez AS, Raxwal VK, Hardtke CS, Nodzyński T, Friml J. Arabidopsis Flippases Cooperate with ARF GTPase Exchange Factors to Regulate the Trafficking and Polarity of PIN Auxin Transporters. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:1644-1664. [PMID: 32193204 PMCID: PMC7203944 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.19.00869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarity is a fundamental feature of all multicellular organisms. PIN auxin transporters are important cell polarity markers that play crucial roles in a plethora of developmental processes in plants. Here, to identify components involved in cell polarity establishment and maintenance in plants, we performed a forward genetic screening of PIN2:PIN1-HA;pin2 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants, which ectopically express predominantly basally localized PIN1 in root epidermal cells, leading to agravitropic root growth. We identified the regulator of PIN polarity 12 (repp12) mutation, which restored gravitropic root growth and caused a switch in PIN1-HA polarity from the basal to apical side of root epidermal cells. Next Generation Sequencing and complementation experiments established the causative mutation of repp12 as a single amino acid exchange in Aminophospholipid ATPase3 (ALA3), a phospholipid flippase predicted to function in vesicle formation. repp12 and ala3 T-DNA mutants show defects in many auxin-regulated processes, asymmetric auxin distribution, and PIN trafficking. Analysis of quintuple and sextuple mutants confirmed the crucial roles of ALA proteins in regulating plant development as well as PIN trafficking and polarity. Genetic and physical interaction studies revealed that ALA3 functions together with the ADP ribosylation factor GTPase exchange factors GNOM and BIG3 in regulating PIN polarity, trafficking, and auxin-mediated development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maciek Adamowski
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Petra Marhava
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shutang Tan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Yuzhou Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Lesia Rodriguez
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Marta Zwiewka
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vendula Pukyšová
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Adrià Sans Sánchez
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vivek Kumar Raxwal
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Christian S Hardtke
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tomasz Nodzyński
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno CZ-625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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26
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Abstract
The promotive effect of auxin on shoot cell expansion provided the bioassay used to isolate this central plant hormone nearly a century ago. While the mechanisms underlying auxin perception and signaling to regulate transcription have largely been elucidated, how auxin controls cell expansion is only now attaining molecular-level definition. The good news is that the decades-old acid growth theory invoking plasma membrane H+-ATPase activation is still useful. The better news is that a mechanistic framework has emerged, wherein Small Auxin Up RNA (SAUR) proteins regulate protein phosphatases to control H+-ATPase activity. In this review, we focus on rapid auxin effects, their relationship to H+-ATPase activation and other transporters, and dependence on TIR1/AFB signaling. We also discuss how some observations, such as near-instantaneous effects on ion transport and root growth, do not fit into a single, comprehensive explanation of how auxin controls cell expansion, and where more research is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minmin Du
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA; ,
| | - Edgar P Spalding
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA;
| | - William M Gray
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA; ,
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27
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Gallei M, Luschnig C, Friml J. Auxin signalling in growth: Schrödinger's cat out of the bag. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 53:43-49. [PMID: 31760231 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin acts as an amazingly versatile coordinator of plant growth and development. With its morphogen-like properties, auxin controls sites and timing of differentiation and/or growth responses both, in quantitative and qualitative terms. Specificity in the auxin response depends largely on distinct modes of signal transmission, by which individual cells perceive and convert auxin signals into a remarkable diversity of responses. The best understood, or so-called canonical mechanism of auxin perception ultimately results in variable adjustments of the cellular transcriptome, via a short, nuclear signal transduction pathway. Additional findings that accumulated over decades implied that an additional, presumably, cell surface-based auxin perception mechanism mediates very rapid cellular responses and decisively contributes to the cell's overall hormonal response. Recent investigations into both, nuclear and cell surface auxin signalling challenged this assumed partition of roles for different auxin signalling pathways and revealed an unexpected complexity in transcriptional and non-transcriptional cellular responses mediated by auxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Gallei
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Christian Luschnig
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Wien, Austria
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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28
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Béziat C, Kleine-Vehn J. The Road to Auxin-Dependent Growth Repression and Promotion in Apical Hooks. Curr Biol 2019; 28:R519-R525. [PMID: 29689235 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin controls growth rates within plant tissues, but the underlying mechanisms are still largely enigmatic. The apical hook is a superb model to understand differential growth, because it displays both auxin-dependent growth repression and promotion. In this special issue on membranes, we illustrate how the distinct utilization of vesicle trafficking contributes to the spatial control of polar auxin transport, thereby pinpointing the site of growth repression in apical hooks. We moreover highlight that the transition to growth promotion is achieved by balancing inter- and intracellular auxin transport. We emphasize here that the apical hook development is a suitable model to further advance our mechanistic knowledge on plant growth regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Béziat
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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29
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Oligomerization and Photo-Deoligomerization of HOOKLESS1 Controls Plant Differential Cell Growth. Dev Cell 2019; 51:78-88.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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30
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Zhu Q, Gallemí M, Pospíšil J, Žádníková P, Strnad M, Benková E. Root gravity response module guides differential growth determining both root bending and apical hook formation in Arabidopsis. Development 2019; 146:dev.175919. [PMID: 31391194 DOI: 10.1242/dev.175919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The apical hook is a transiently formed structure that plays a protective role when the germinating seedling penetrates through the soil towards the surface. Crucial for proper bending is the local auxin maxima, which defines the concave (inner) side of the hook curvature. As no sign of asymmetric auxin distribution has been reported in embryonic hypocotyls prior to hook formation, the question of how auxin asymmetry is established in the early phases of seedling germination remains largely unanswered. Here, we analyzed the auxin distribution and expression of PIN auxin efflux carriers from early phases of germination, and show that bending of the root in response to gravity is the crucial initial cue that governs the hypocotyl bending required for apical hook formation. Importantly, polar auxin transport machinery is established gradually after germination starts as a result of tight root-hypocotyl interaction and a proper balance between abscisic acid and gibberellins.This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhu
- Basic Forestry & Proteomics Center (BFPC), College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002 Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | - Marçal Gallemí
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | - Jiří Pospíšil
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University Olomouc, CZ-771 47, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Žádníková
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University Olomouc, CZ-771 47, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Benková
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
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31
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Waidmann S, Ruiz Rosquete M, Schöller M, Sarkel E, Lindner H, LaRue T, Petřík I, Dünser K, Martopawiro S, Sasidharan R, Novak O, Wabnik K, Dinneny JR, Kleine-Vehn J. Cytokinin functions as an asymmetric and anti-gravitropic signal in lateral roots. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3540. [PMID: 31387989 PMCID: PMC6684572 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11483-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Directional organ growth allows the plant root system to strategically cover its surroundings. Intercellular auxin transport is aligned with the gravity vector in the primary root tips, facilitating downward organ bending at the lower root flank. Here we show that cytokinin signaling functions as a lateral root specific anti-gravitropic component, promoting the radial distribution of the root system. We performed a genome-wide association study and reveal that signal peptide processing of Cytokinin Oxidase 2 (CKX2) affects its enzymatic activity and, thereby, determines the degradation of cytokinins in natural Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Cytokinin signaling interferes with growth at the upper lateral root flank and thereby prevents downward bending. Our interdisciplinary approach proposes that two phytohormonal cues at opposite organ flanks counterbalance each other's negative impact on growth, suppressing organ growth towards gravity and allow for radial expansion of the root system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Waidmann
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michel Ruiz Rosquete
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Schöller
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Sarkel
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heike Lindner
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Therese LaRue
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ivan Petřík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kai Dünser
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shanice Martopawiro
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Rashmi Sasidharan
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Ondrej Novak
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science of Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Krzysztof Wabnik
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria), Autopista M-40, Km 38-Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - José R Dinneny
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
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32
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Baba AI, Andrási N, Valkai I, Gorcsa T, Koczka L, Darula Z, Medzihradszky KF, Szabados L, Fehér A, Rigó G, Cséplő Á. AtCRK5 Protein Kinase Exhibits a Regulatory Role in Hypocotyl Hook Development during Skotomorphogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143432. [PMID: 31336871 PMCID: PMC6678082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Seedling establishment following germination requires the fine tuning of plant hormone levels including that of auxin. Directional movement of auxin has a central role in the associated processes, among others, in hypocotyl hook development. Regulated auxin transport is ensured by several transporters (PINs, AUX1, ABCB) and their tight cooperation. Here we describe the regulatory role of the Arabidopsis thaliana CRK5 protein kinase during hypocotyl hook formation/opening influencing auxin transport and the auxin-ethylene-GA hormonal crosstalk. It was found that the Atcrk5-1 mutant exhibits an impaired hypocotyl hook establishment phenotype resulting only in limited bending in the dark. The Atcrk5-1 mutant proved to be deficient in the maintenance of local auxin accumulation at the concave side of the hypocotyl hook as demonstrated by decreased fluorescence of the auxin sensor DR5::GFP. Abundance of the polar auxin transport (PAT) proteins PIN3, PIN7, and AUX1 were also decreased in the Atcrk5-1 hypocotyl hook. The AtCRK5 protein kinase was reported to regulate PIN2 protein activity by phosphorylation during the root gravitropic response. Here it is shown that AtCRK5 can also phosphorylate in vitro the hydrophilic loops of PIN3. We propose that AtCRK5 may regulate hypocotyl hook formation in Arabidopsis thaliana through the phosphorylation of polar auxin transport (PAT) proteins, the fine tuning of auxin transport, and consequently the coordination of auxin-ethylene-GA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Imran Baba
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Norbert Andrási
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Valkai
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Teréz Gorcsa
- Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Szent-Györgyi Albert u. 4, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Lilla Koczka
- Developmental and Cell Biology of Plants, CEITEC Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zsuzsanna Darula
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin F Medzihradszky
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Szabados
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Fehér
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 52. Közép fasor, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Rigó
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 52. Közép fasor, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ágnes Cséplő
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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33
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Wang Y, Guo H. On hormonal regulation of the dynamic apical hook development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1230-1234. [PMID: 30537131 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 1230 I. Introduction 1230 II. Apical hook development is a spatio-temporally dynamic process orchestrated by a complex signaling network 1231 III. Central players of apical hook development: auxin and HOOKLESS1 1232 IV. Towards a cellular-based understanding of hormonal regulation of apical hook development with cutting-edge toolboxes 1232 V. Conclusions 1233 Acknowledgements 1233 References 1233 SUMMARY: To deal with the ever-changing environment, sessile plants adapt diverse and plastic organ structures during postembryonic development. Among these, the apical hook forms shortly after seed germination of most dicots, and protects the delicate shoot meristem from mechanical damage during soil emergence. For decades, this structure has been taken as an excellent model for the investigation of the mechanisms underlying the differential growth of plant tissues. Here, we summarize recent advances in the investigation of the hormonal regulation of apical hook development, focusing on the convergence to auxin and a central regulator HOOKLESS1 (HLS1). We propose the revisitation of hook curvature kinematics at suborgan and single-cell resolution, and further pursuance of the mechanistics of apical hook development through combinatorial approaches of automated imaging and multidimensional modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Wang
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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Cao M, Chen R, Li P, Yu Y, Zheng R, Ge D, Zheng W, Wang X, Gu Y, Gelová Z, Friml J, Zhang H, Liu R, He J, Xu T. TMK1-mediated auxin signalling regulates differential growth of the apical hook. Nature 2019; 568:240-243. [PMID: 30944466 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1069-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin has crucial roles in almost all aspects of plant growth and development. Concentrations of auxin vary across different tissues, mediating distinct developmental outcomes and contributing to the functional diversity of auxin. However, the mechanisms that underlie these activities are poorly understood. Here we identify an auxin signalling mechanism, which acts in parallel to the canonical auxin pathway based on the transport inhibitor response1 (TIR1) and other auxin receptor F-box (AFB) family proteins (TIR1/AFB receptors)1,2, that translates levels of cellular auxin to mediate differential growth during apical-hook development. This signalling mechanism operates at the concave side of the apical hook, and involves auxin-mediated C-terminal cleavage of transmembrane kinase 1 (TMK1). The cytosolic and nucleus-translocated C terminus of TMK1 specifically interacts with and phosphorylates two non-canonical transcriptional repressors of the auxin or indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) family (IAA32 and IAA34), thereby regulating ARF transcription factors. In contrast to the degradation of Aux/IAA transcriptional repressors in the canonical pathway, the newly identified mechanism stabilizes the non-canonical IAA32 and IAA34 transcriptional repressors to regulate gene expression and ultimately inhibit growth. The auxin-TMK1 signalling pathway originates at the cell surface, is triggered by high levels of auxin and shares a partially overlapping set of transcription factors with the TIR1/AFB signalling pathway. This allows distinct interpretations of different concentrations of cellular auxin, and thus enables this versatile signalling molecule to mediate complex developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Danfeng Ge
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yangtao Gu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zuzana Gelová
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Heng Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Renyi Liu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun He
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tongda Xu
- FAFU-UCR Joint Center, Horticulture Biology and Metabolomics Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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35
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Zemlyanskaya EV, Omelyanchuk NA, Ubogoeva EV, Mironova VV. Deciphering Auxin-Ethylene Crosstalk at a Systems Level. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124060. [PMID: 30558241 PMCID: PMC6321013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The auxin and ethylene pathways cooperatively regulate a variety of developmental processes in plants. Growth responses to ethylene are largely dependent on auxin, the key regulator of plant morphogenesis. Auxin, in turn, is capable of inducing ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, making the interaction of these hormones reciprocal. Recent studies discovered a number of molecular events underlying auxin-ethylene crosstalk. In this review, we summarize the results of fine-scale and large-scale experiments on the interactions between the auxin and ethylene pathways in Arabidopsis. We integrate knowledge on molecular crosstalk events, their tissue specificity, and associated phenotypic responses to decipher the crosstalk mechanisms at a systems level. We also discuss the prospects of applying systems biology approaches to study the mechanisms of crosstalk between plant hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Zemlyanskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Nadya A Omelyanchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Elena V Ubogoeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Victoria V Mironova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
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36
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Baba AI, Rigó G, Ayaydin F, Rehman AU, Andrási N, Zsigmond L, Valkai I, Urbancsok J, Vass I, Pasternak T, Palme K, Szabados L, Cséplő Á. Functional Analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana CDPK-Related Kinase Family: At CRK1 Regulates Responses to Continuous Light. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051282. [PMID: 29693594 PMCID: PMC5983578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase (CDPK)-Related Kinase family (CRKs) consists of eight members in Arabidopsis. Recently, AtCRK5 was shown to play a direct role in the regulation of root gravitropic response involving polar auxin transport (PAT). However, limited information is available about the function of the other AtCRK genes. Here, we report a comparative analysis of the Arabidopsis CRK genes, including transcription regulation, intracellular localization, and biological function. AtCRK transcripts were detectable in all organs tested and a considerable variation in transcript levels was detected among them. Most AtCRK proteins localized at the plasma membrane as revealed by microscopic analysis of 35S::cCRK-GFP (Green Fluorescence Protein) expressing plants or protoplasts. Interestingly, 35S::cCRK1-GFP and 35S::cCRK7-GFP had a dual localization pattern which was associated with plasma membrane and endomembrane structures, as well. Analysis of T-DNA insertion mutants revealed that AtCRK genes are important for root growth and control of gravitropic responses in roots and hypocotyls. While Atcrk mutants were indistinguishable from wild type plants in short days, Atcrk1-1 mutant had serious growth defects under continuous illumination. Semi-dwarf phenotype of Atcrk1-1 was accompanied with chlorophyll depletion, disturbed photosynthesis, accumulation of singlet oxygen, and enhanced cell death in photosynthetic tissues. AtCRK1 is therefore important to maintain cellular homeostasis during continuous illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Imran Baba
- Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Rigó
- Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ferhan Ayaydin
- Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ateeq Ur Rehman
- Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Norbert Andrási
- Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Laura Zsigmond
- Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ildikó Valkai
- Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - János Urbancsok
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Imre Vass
- Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Taras Pasternak
- Faculty of Biologie II, Albert-Ludwigs Universität, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Palme
- Faculty of Biologie II, Albert-Ludwigs Universität, Schänzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - László Szabados
- Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Ágnes Cséplő
- Plant Biology Institute, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary.
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37
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Gommers CMM, Monte E. Seedling Establishment: A Dimmer Switch-Regulated Process between Dark and Light Signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 176:1061-1074. [PMID: 29217596 PMCID: PMC5813566 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A balance between dark and light signaling directs seedling establishment through integrating internal and environmental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M M Gommers
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Monte
- Plant Development and Signal Transduction Program, Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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38
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Shuai H, Meng Y, Luo X, Chen F, Zhou W, Dai Y, Qi Y, Du J, Yang F, Liu J, Yang W, Shu K. Exogenous auxin represses soybean seed germination through decreasing the gibberellin/abscisic acid (GA/ABA) ratio. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12620. [PMID: 28974733 PMCID: PMC5626727 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Auxin is an important phytohormone which mediates diverse development processes in plants. Published research has demonstrated that auxin induces seed dormancy. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the effect of auxin on seed germination need further investigation, especially the relationship between auxins and both abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellins (GAs), the latter two phytohormones being the key regulators of seed germination. Here we report that exogenous auxin treatment represses soybean seed germination by enhancing ABA biosynthesis, while impairing GA biogenesis, and finally decreasing GA1/ABA and GA4/ABA ratios. Microscope observation showed that auxin treatment delayed rupture of the soybean seed coat and radicle protrusion. qPCR assay revealed that transcription of the genes involved in ABA biosynthetic pathway was up-regulated by application of auxin, while expression of genes involved in GA biosynthetic pathway was down-regulated. Accordingly, further phytohormone quantification shows that auxin significantly increased ABA content, whereas the active GA1 and GA4 levels were decreased, resulting insignificant decreases in the ratiosGA1/ABA and GA4/ABA.Consistent with this, ABA biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone reversed the delayed-germination phenotype associated with auxin treatment, while paclobutrazol, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, inhibited soybean seed germination. Altogether, exogenous auxin represses soybean seed germination by mediating ABA and GA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yongjie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenguan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yujia Dai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ying Qi
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Junbo Du
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Kai Shu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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39
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Béziat C, Barbez E, Feraru MI, Lucyshyn D, Kleine-Vehn J. Light triggers PILS-dependent reduction in nuclear auxin signalling for growth transition. NATURE PLANTS 2017; 3:17105. [PMID: 28714973 PMCID: PMC5524181 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2017.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin induces or represses growth depending on its concentration and the underlying tissue type. However, it remains unknown how auxin signalling is modulated to allow tissues transiting between repression and promotion of growth. Here, we used apical hook development as a model for growth transitions in plants. A PIN-FORMED (PIN)-dependent intercellular auxin transport module defines an auxin maximum that is causal for growth repression during the formation of the apical hook. Our data illustrate that growth transition for apical hook opening is largely independent of this PIN module, but requires the PIN-LIKES (PILS) putative auxin carriers at the endoplasmic reticulum. PILS proteins reduce nuclear auxin signalling in the apical hook, leading to the de-repression of growth and the onset of hook opening. We also show that the phytochrome (phy) B-reliant light-signalling pathway directly regulates PILS gene activity, thereby enabling light perception to repress nuclear auxin signalling and to control growth. We propose a novel mechanism, in which PILS proteins allow external signals to alter tissue sensitivity to auxin, defining differential growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Béziat
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Elke Barbez
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Mugurel I. Feraru
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Lucyshyn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB and Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Correspondence should be addressed to Jürgen Kleine-Vehn ()
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40
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Lobet G. Image Analysis in Plant Sciences: Publish Then Perish. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:559-566. [PMID: 28571940 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Image analysis has become a powerful technique for most plant scientists. In recent years dozens of image analysis tools have been published in plant science journals. These tools cover the full spectrum of plant scales, from single cells to organs and canopies. However, the field of plant image analysis remains in its infancy. It still has to overcome important challenges, such as the lack of robust validation practices or the absence of long-term support. In this Opinion article, I: (i) present the current state of the field, based on data from the plant-image-analysis.org database; (ii) identify the challenges faced by its community; and (iii) propose workable ways of improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lobet
- Agrosphäre (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany; Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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41
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Bai SN. Reconsideration of Plant Morphological Traits: From a Structure-Based Perspective to a Function-Based Evolutionary Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:345. [PMID: 28360919 PMCID: PMC5350141 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This opinion article proposes a novel alignment of traits in plant morphogenesis from a function-based evolutionary perspective. As a member species of the ecosystem on Earth, we human beings view our neighbor organisms from our own sensing system. We tend to distinguish forms and structures (i.e., "morphological traits") mainly through vision. Traditionally, a plant was considered to be consisted of three parts, i.e., the shoot, the leaves, and the root. Based on such a "structure-based perspective," evolutionary analyses or comparisons across species were made on particular parts or their derived structures. So far no conceptual framework has been established to incorporate the morphological traits of all three land plant phyta, i.e., bryophyta, pteridophyta and spermatophyta, for evolutionary developmental analysis. Using the tenets of the recently proposed concept of sexual reproduction cycle, the major morphological traits of land plants can be aligned into five categories from a function-based evolutionary perspective. From this perspective, and the resulting alignment, a new conceptual framework emerges, called "Plant Morphogenesis 123." This framework views a plant as a colony of integrated plant developmental units that are each produced via one life cycle. This view provided an alternative perspective for evolutionary developmental investigation in plants.
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