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Sugioka K, Nishida T, Murakami J, Itahashi M, Yunoki M, Kusaka S. Substance P promotes transforming growth factor-β-induced collagen synthesis in human corneal fibroblasts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1482-C1493. [PMID: 38525537 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00084.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Corneal fibroblasts maintain homeostasis of the corneal stroma by mediating the synthesis and degradation of extracellular collagen, and these actions are promoted by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), respectively. The cornea is densely innervated with sensory nerve fibers that are not only responsible for sensation but also required for physiological processes such as tear secretion and wound healing. Loss or dysfunction of corneal nerves thus impairs corneal epithelial wound healing and can lead to neurotrophic keratopathy. The sensory neurotransmitter substance P (SP) promotes corneal epithelial wound healing by enhancing the stimulatory effects of growth factors and fibronectin. We have now investigated the role of SP in collagen metabolism mediated by human corneal fibroblasts in culture. Although SP alone had no effect on collagen synthesis or degradation by these cells, it promoted the stimulatory effect of TGF-β on collagen type I synthesis without affecting that of IL-1β on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1. This effect of SP on TGF-β-induced collagen synthesis was accompanied by activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and was attenuated by pharmacological inhibition of p38 or of the neurokinin-1 receptor. Our results thus implicate SP as a modulator of TGF-β-induced collagen type I synthesis by human corneal fibroblasts, and they suggest that loss of this function may contribute to the development of neurotrophic keratopathy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study investigates the role of substance P (SP) in collagen metabolism mediated by human corneal fibroblasts in culture. We found that, although SP alone had no effect on collagen synthesis or degradation by corneal fibroblasts, it promoted the stimulatory effect of transforming growth factor-β on collagen type I synthesis without affecting that of interleukin-1β on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Sugioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Teruo Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
- Division of Cornea and Ocular Surface, Ohshima Eye Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Mai Yunoki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Shunji Kusaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
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Ramzan F, Kiran L, Malik SN, Malik MI. Tachykinins Play a Major Role in Micro and Macrovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e050523216590. [PMID: 37151064 DOI: 10.2174/1573399819666230505123844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disorder, which is characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels. The defects in the secretion or action of insulin are the major cause of diabetes. Increase in the blood glucose level exerts a negative effect on the normal functions of the body organs and this leads to the dysfunctions of cells and tissue and causes vascular complications in diabetic patients. Several studies indicate that neuropeptides are released from the neurosensory cells which are mainly known as tachykinins which provoke major vascular complications in diabetic patients. Tachykinins are known as pro-inflammatory peptides which increase vascular complications and vascular permeability. The duration and severity of diabetes disease increase the risk of vascular complication in patients. The aim of this review is to elaborate the role of tachykinins in microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetic patients. The study concluded that tachykinins increase micro and macrovascular complications in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiqah Ramzan
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, 29050, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Laila Kiran
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, 29050, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Noreen Malik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, District Teaching Hospital, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
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Menon N, Kishen A. Nociceptor-Macrophage Interactions in Apical Periodontitis: How Biomolecules Link Inflammation with Pain. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1193. [PMID: 37627258 PMCID: PMC10452348 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Periradicular tissues have a rich supply of peripheral afferent neurons, also known as nociceptive neurons, originating from the trigeminal nerve. While their primary function is to relay pain signals to the brain, these are known to be involved in modulating innate and adaptive immunity by initiating neurogenic inflammation (NI). Studies have investigated neuroanatomy and measured the levels of biomolecules such as cytokines and neuropeptides in human saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, or blood/serum samples in apical periodontitis (AP) to validate the possible role of trigeminal nociceptors in inflammation and tissue regeneration. However, the contributions of nociceptors and the mechanisms involved in the neuro-immune interactions in AP are not fully understood. This narrative review addresses the complex biomolecular interactions of trigeminal nociceptors with macrophages, the effector cells of the innate immune system, in the clinical manifestations of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anil Kishen
- Dental Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada;
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Oshaghi M, Kourosh-Arami M, Roozbehkia M. Role of neurotransmitters in immune-mediated inflammatory disorders: a crosstalk between the nervous and immune systems. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:99-113. [PMID: 36169755 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-022-06413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are a group of common heterogeneous disorders, characterized by an alteration of cellular homeostasis. Primarily, it has been shown that the release and diffusion of neurotransmitters from nervous tissue could result in signaling through lymphocyte cell-surface receptors and the modulation of immune function. This finding led to the idea that the neurotransmitters could serve as immunomodulators. It is now manifested that neurotransmitters can also be released from leukocytes and act as autocrine or paracrine modulators. Increasing data indicate that there is a crosstalk between inflammation and alterations in neurotransmission. The primary goal of this review is to demonstrate how these two pathways may converge at the level of the neuron and glia to involve in IMID. We review the role of neurotransmitters in IMID. The different effects that these compounds exert on a variety of immune cells are also reviewed. Current and future developments in understanding the cross-talk between the immune and nervous systems will undoubtedly identify new ways for treating immune-mediated diseases utilizing agonists or antagonists of neurotransmitter receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Oshaghi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Roozbehkia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Xie Z, Zhang X, Zhao M, Huo L, Huang M, Li D, Zhang S, Cheng X, Gu H, Zhang C, Zhan C, Wang F, Shang C, Cao P. The gut-to-brain axis for toxin-induced defensive responses. Cell 2022; 185:4298-4316.e21. [PMID: 36323317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
After ingestion of toxin-contaminated food, the brain initiates a series of defensive responses (e.g., nausea, retching, and vomiting). How the brain detects ingested toxin and coordinates diverse defensive responses remains poorly understood. Here, we developed a mouse-based paradigm to study defensive responses induced by bacterial toxins. Using this paradigm, we identified a set of molecularly defined gut-to-brain and brain circuits that jointly mediate toxin-induced defensive responses. The gut-to-brain circuit consists of a subset of Htr3a+ vagal sensory neurons that transmit toxin-related signals from intestinal enterochromaffin cells to Tac1+ neurons in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC). Tac1+ DVC neurons drive retching-like behavior and conditioned flavor avoidance via divergent projections to the rostral ventral respiratory group and lateral parabrachial nucleus, respectively. Manipulating these circuits also interferes with defensive responses induced by the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. These results suggest that food poisoning and chemotherapy recruit similar circuit modules to initiate defensive responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Xie
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychological Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Translational Brain Research, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xianying Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Huo
- Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Laboratory, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Meizhu Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Laboratory, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xinyu Cheng
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huating Gu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Zhan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Congping Shang
- Innovation Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Laboratory, Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.
| | - Peng Cao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, China; Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Modulating the tachykinin: Role of substance P and neurokinin receptor expression in ocular surface disorders. Ocul Surf 2022; 25:142-153. [PMID: 35779793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Substance P (SP) is a tachykinin expressed by various cells in the nervous and immune systems. SP is predominantly released by neurons and exerts its biological and immunological effects through the neurokinin receptors, primarily the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R). SP is essential for maintaining ocular surface homeostasis, and its reduced levels in disorders like diabetic neuropathy disrupt the corneal tissue. It also plays an essential role in promoting corneal wound healing by promoting the migration of keratocytes. In this review, we briefly discuss the structure, expression, and function of SP and its principal receptor NK1R. In addition, SP induces pro-inflammatory effects through autocrine or paracrine action on the immune cells in various ocular surface pathologies, including dry eye disease, herpes simplex virus keratitis, and Pseudomonas keratitis. We provide an in-depth review of the pathogenic role of SP in various ocular surface diseases and several new approaches developed to counter the immune-mediated effects of SP either through modulating its production or blocking its target receptor.
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Lasagni Vitar RM, Bonelli F, Atay A, Triani F, Fonteyne P, Di Simone E, Rama P, Mondino A, Ferrari G. Topical neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist Fosaprepitant ameliorates ocular graft-versus-host disease in a preclinical mouse model. Exp Eye Res 2021; 212:108825. [PMID: 34740637 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE to assess the effect of topical administration of the Neurokin-1 receptor (NK1R) antagonist Fosaprepitant in a pre-clinical model of ocular Graft-versus-Host disease (GVHD). METHODS BALB/c mice were pre-conditioned by myeloablative total body irradiation and subjected to allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and mature T cell infusion (BM + T). BM-transplanted mice (BM) were used as controls. Ocular GVHD was specifically assessed by quantifying corneal epithelial damage, tear secretion, blepharitis and phimosis, 3 times/week for 28 days post-transplantation. A group of BM + T mice received Fosaprepitant 10 mg/mL, 6 times/day, topically, from day 7-29 after transplantation. After sacrifice, the expression of NK1R, CD45, CD3, and CXCL10 was quantified in the cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal gland by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS BM + T mice developed corneal epithelial damage (day 0-29, p < 0.001), blepharitis (day 0-29, p < 0.001), and phimosis (day 0-29, p < 0.01), and experienced decreased tear secretion (day 21, p < 0.01) compared to controls. NK1R was found upregulated in corneal epithelium (p < 0.01) and lacrimal gland (p < 0.01) of BM + T mice. Fosaprepitant administration significantly reduced corneal epithelial damage (p < 0.05), CD45+ (p < 0.05) and CD3+ (p < 0.01) immune cell infiltration in the cornea and conjunctiva (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). In addition, Fosaprepitant reduced the expression of CXCL10 in the cornea (p < 0.05) and in the lacrimal gland (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that NK1R represents a novel druggable pathway for the therapy of ocular GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mayra Lasagni Vitar
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Bonelli
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ayça Atay
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Triani
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Philippe Fonteyne
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Simone
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rama
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Mondino
- Lymphocyte Activation Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Beirith I, Renz BW, Mudusetti S, Ring NS, Kolorz J, Koch D, Bazhin AV, Berger M, Wang J, Angele MK, D’Haese JG, Guba MO, Niess H, Andrassy J, Werner J, Ilmer M. Identification of the Neurokinin-1 Receptor as Targetable Stratification Factor for Drug Repurposing in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112703. [PMID: 34070805 PMCID: PMC8198055 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The SP/NK1R-complex plays an important role in tumor proliferation. Targeting of the neurokinin-1 receptor in previous studies with its antagonist aprepitant (AP) resulted in anti-tumoral effects in colorectal cancer and hepatoblastoma. However, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding its effects on pancreatic cancer. Therefore, we treated human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines (Capan-1, DanG, HuP-T3, Panc-1, and MIA PaCa-2) and their cancer stem cell-like cells (CSCs) with AP and analyzed functional effects by MTT-, colony, and sphere formation assays, respectively; moreover, we monitored downstream mechanisms by flow cytometry. NK1R inhibition resulted in dose-dependent growth reduction in both CSCs and non-CSCs without induction of apoptosis in most PDAC cell lines. More importantly, we identified striking AP dependent cell cycle arrest in all parental cells. Furthermore, gene expression and the importance of key genes in PDAC tumorigenesis were analyzed combining RT-qPCR in eight PDAC cell lines with publicly available datasets (TCGA, GEO, CCLE). Surprisingly, we found a better overall survival in patients with high NK1R levels, while at the same time, NK1R was significantly decreased in PDAC tissue compared to normal tissue. Interestingly, there is currently no differentiation between the isoforms of NK1R (truncated and full; NK1R-tr and -fl) in any of the indicated public transcriptomic records, although many publications already emphasize on important regulatory differences between the two isoforms of NK1R in many cancer entities. In conclusion, analysis of splice variants might potentially lead to a stratification of PDAC patients for NK1R-directed therapies. Furthermore, we presume PDAC patients with high expressions of NK1R-tr might benefit from treatment with AP to improve chemoresistance. Therefore, analysis of splice variants might potentially lead to a stratification of PDAC patients for NK1R-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Beirith
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (I.B.); (B.W.R.); (S.M.); (N.S.R.); (D.K.); (A.V.B.); (J.W.); (M.K.A.); (J.G.D.); (M.O.G.); (H.N.); (J.A.); (J.W.)
| | - Bernhard W. Renz
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (I.B.); (B.W.R.); (S.M.); (N.S.R.); (D.K.); (A.V.B.); (J.W.); (M.K.A.); (J.G.D.); (M.O.G.); (H.N.); (J.A.); (J.W.)
- German Center for Translations Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Shristee Mudusetti
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (I.B.); (B.W.R.); (S.M.); (N.S.R.); (D.K.); (A.V.B.); (J.W.); (M.K.A.); (J.G.D.); (M.O.G.); (H.N.); (J.A.); (J.W.)
| | - Natalja Sergejewna Ring
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (I.B.); (B.W.R.); (S.M.); (N.S.R.); (D.K.); (A.V.B.); (J.W.); (M.K.A.); (J.G.D.); (M.O.G.); (H.N.); (J.A.); (J.W.)
| | - Julian Kolorz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Laboratories, von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (J.K.); (M.B.)
| | - Dominik Koch
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (I.B.); (B.W.R.); (S.M.); (N.S.R.); (D.K.); (A.V.B.); (J.W.); (M.K.A.); (J.G.D.); (M.O.G.); (H.N.); (J.A.); (J.W.)
| | - Alexandr V. Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (I.B.); (B.W.R.); (S.M.); (N.S.R.); (D.K.); (A.V.B.); (J.W.); (M.K.A.); (J.G.D.); (M.O.G.); (H.N.); (J.A.); (J.W.)
- German Center for Translations Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Berger
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Laboratories, von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (J.K.); (M.B.)
- Department of General, Abdominal and Transplant Surgery, Essen University Hospital, 45417 Essen, Germany
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (I.B.); (B.W.R.); (S.M.); (N.S.R.); (D.K.); (A.V.B.); (J.W.); (M.K.A.); (J.G.D.); (M.O.G.); (H.N.); (J.A.); (J.W.)
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Martin K. Angele
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (I.B.); (B.W.R.); (S.M.); (N.S.R.); (D.K.); (A.V.B.); (J.W.); (M.K.A.); (J.G.D.); (M.O.G.); (H.N.); (J.A.); (J.W.)
| | - Jan G. D’Haese
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (I.B.); (B.W.R.); (S.M.); (N.S.R.); (D.K.); (A.V.B.); (J.W.); (M.K.A.); (J.G.D.); (M.O.G.); (H.N.); (J.A.); (J.W.)
| | - Markus O. Guba
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (I.B.); (B.W.R.); (S.M.); (N.S.R.); (D.K.); (A.V.B.); (J.W.); (M.K.A.); (J.G.D.); (M.O.G.); (H.N.); (J.A.); (J.W.)
| | - Hanno Niess
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (I.B.); (B.W.R.); (S.M.); (N.S.R.); (D.K.); (A.V.B.); (J.W.); (M.K.A.); (J.G.D.); (M.O.G.); (H.N.); (J.A.); (J.W.)
| | - Joachim Andrassy
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (I.B.); (B.W.R.); (S.M.); (N.S.R.); (D.K.); (A.V.B.); (J.W.); (M.K.A.); (J.G.D.); (M.O.G.); (H.N.); (J.A.); (J.W.)
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (I.B.); (B.W.R.); (S.M.); (N.S.R.); (D.K.); (A.V.B.); (J.W.); (M.K.A.); (J.G.D.); (M.O.G.); (H.N.); (J.A.); (J.W.)
- German Center for Translations Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Ilmer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (I.B.); (B.W.R.); (S.M.); (N.S.R.); (D.K.); (A.V.B.); (J.W.); (M.K.A.); (J.G.D.); (M.O.G.); (H.N.); (J.A.); (J.W.)
- German Center for Translations Cancer Research (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-089-4400-711218
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Kerage D, Sloan EK, Mattarollo SR, McCombe PA. Interaction of neurotransmitters and neurochemicals with lymphocytes. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 332:99-111. [PMID: 30999218 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters and neurochemicals can act on lymphocytes by binding to receptors expressed by lymphocytes. This review describes lymphocyte expression of receptors for a selection of neurotransmitters and neurochemicals, the anatomical locations where lymphocytes can interact with neurotransmitters, and the effects of the neurotransmitters on lymphocyte function. Implications for health and disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kerage
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Erica K Sloan
- Drug Discovery Biology Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Division of Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Cousins Center for Neuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Pamela A McCombe
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.
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10
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Lo CCW, Moosavi SM, Bubb KJ. The Regulation of Pulmonary Vascular Tone by Neuropeptides and the Implications for Pulmonary Hypertension. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1167. [PMID: 30190678 PMCID: PMC6116211 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an incurable, chronic disease of small pulmonary vessels. Progressive remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature results in increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). This causes secondary right heart failure. PVR is tightly regulated by a range of pulmonary vasodilators and constrictors. Endothelium-derived substances form the basis of most current PH treatments. This is particularly the case for pulmonary arterial hypertension. The major limitation of current treatments is their inability to reverse morphological changes. Thus, there is an unmet need for novel therapies to reduce the morbidity and mortality in PH. Microvessels in the lungs are highly innervated by sensory C fibers. Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are released from C-fiber nerve endings. These neuropeptides can directly regulate vascular tone. Substance P tends to act as a vasoconstrictor in the pulmonary circulation and it increases in the lungs during experimental PH. The receptor for substance P, neurokinin 1 (NK1R), mediates increased pulmonary pressure. Deactivation of NK1R with antagonists, or depletion of substance P prevents PH development. CGRP is a potent pulmonary vasodilator. CGRP receptor antagonists cause elevated pulmonary pressure. Thus, the balance of these peptides is crucial within the pulmonary circulation (Graphical Abstract). Limited progress has been made in understanding their impact on pulmonary pathophysiology. This is an intriguing area of investigation to pursue. It may lead to promising new candidate therapies to combat this fatal disease. This review provides a summary of the current knowledge in this area. It also explores possible future directions for neuropeptides in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine C. W. Lo
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Seyed M. Moosavi
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristen J. Bubb
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
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Davoudmanesh S, Mosaabadi JM. Investigation of the effect of homocysteinylation of substance P on its binding to the NK1 receptor using molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Model 2018; 24:177. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Bignami F, Lorusso A, Rama P, Ferrari G. Growth inhibition of formed corneal neovascularization following Fosaprepitant treatment. Acta Ophthalmol 2017; 95:e641-e648. [PMID: 28205389 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of Neurokinin-1 Receptor (NK-1R) antagonist -Fosaprepitant- in inducing regression of established corneal neovascularization (CNV). METHODS Twenty C57BL/6 mice underwent alkali burn. Seven days later, when corneal neovessels had developed, they received Fosaprepitant 10 mg/ml, administered topically six times a day in the right eye for 10 days. In parallel, a group of 20 causticated mice was treated with normal saline, as control. A second independent experiment was also performed (n = 10/group). Finally, ten healthy mice received the same topical treatment for 10 days to evaluate Fosaprepitant safety. Haemangiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis were measured by means of vesselj plugin (imagej). Secondary endpoints, such as leucocyte infiltration, corneal opacity and corneal fluorescein staining were also evaluated. Inflammatory cell composition was assessed by flow cytometry. Differences between groups were assessed using unpaired t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test or two-way anova, as appropriate. RESULTS Topical Fosaprepitant administration induced a significant reduction of (i) CD31+ blood corneal neovessels (-27%, p = 0.0132), (ii) LYVE1+ lymphatic corneal neovessels (-31%, p = 0.0118) and (iii) CD45+ leucocyte infiltration (-36%; p = 0.0237). The second independent experiment confirmed these data. Moreover, Fosaprepitant-treated corneas showed a reduction in opacity, no impairment in corneal fluorescein staining and decreased infiltration of neutrophils (-72%, p < 0.05) and macrophages (-75%, p < 0.01). Finally, topical Fosaprepitant was not toxic to the ocular surface: no signs of conjunctivitis, opacity, perforations or corneal fluorescein staining were detected. Similarly, corneal TUJ1+ nerve density was not affected. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that NK-1R antagonists, such as Fosaprepitant, could be a new, promising therapeutic tool to inhibit CNV after this has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bignami
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit; Eye Repair Lab; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Anna Lorusso
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit; Eye Repair Lab; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Paolo Rama
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit; Eye Repair Lab; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit; Eye Repair Lab; IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute; Milan Italy
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13
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Mo J, Neelam S, Mellon J, Brown JR, Niederkorn JY. Effect of Corneal Nerve Ablation on Immune Tolerance Induced by Corneal Allografts, Oral Immunization, or Anterior Chamber Injection of Antigens. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2017; 58:137-148. [PMID: 28114571 PMCID: PMC5231905 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-20601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Severing corneal nerves during corneal transplantation does not affect first corneal transplants, but abolishes immune privilege of subsequent corneal allografts. This abrogation of immune privilege is attributable to the disabling of T regulatory cells (T regs) induced by corneal transplantation. The goal of this study was to determine if severing corneal nerves induces the development of contrasuppressor (CS) cells, which disable T regs that impair other forms of immune tolerance. Methods Effect of corneal nerve ablation on immune tolerance was assessed in four forms of immune tolerance: anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID); oral tolerance; corneal transplantation, and intravenously (IV) induced immune tolerance. T regulatory cell activity was assessed by adoptive transfer and by local adoptive transfer (LAT) of suppression assays. Results Corneal nerve ablation prevented ACAID and oral tolerance, but did not affect IV-induced immune tolerance. Contrasuppressor cells blocked the action of T regs that were generated by anterior chamber injection, oral tolerance, or orthotopic corneal transplantation. The neuropeptide substance P (SP) was crucial for contrasuppressor activity as CS cells could not be induced in SP-/- mice and the SP receptor inhibitor, Spantide II, prevented the expression of CS cell activity in vivo. Contrasuppressor cells expressed CD11c surface marker that identifies dendritic cells (DC). Conclusions The loss of immune privilege produced by corneal nerve ablation following corneal transplantation extends beyond the eye and also affects immune tolerance induced through mucosal surfaces and appears to be mediated by a novel cell population of CD11c+ CS cells that disables T regs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Mo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Sudha Neelam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Jessamee Mellon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Joseph R Brown
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Jerry Y Niederkorn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
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14
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Ko JA, Yanai R, Nishida T. Up-regulation of ZO-1 expression and barrier function in cultured human corneal epithelial cells by substance P. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:2148-53. [PMID: 19446555 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the sensory neurotransmitter substance P on the expression of tight junction proteins and on barrier function in human corneal epithelial cells were investigated. The expression of ZO-1, but not that of occludin or claudin-1, was increased by substance P in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. This effect was inhibited by the NK-1 receptor antagonist GR82334 and by KN62, an inhibitor of Ca(2+)- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Substance P also increased the transepithelial electrical resistance of a cell monolayer in a manner sensitive to GR82334. Substance P may therefore play a role in maintenance of tight junctions in the corneal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ae Ko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube City, Yamaguchi, Japan.
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15
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Morphine-induced early delays in wound closure: involvement of sensory neuropeptides and modification of neurokinin receptor expression. Biochem Pharmacol 2009; 77:1747-55. [PMID: 19428329 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dose-limiting side effects of centrally acting opioid drugs have led to the use of topical opioids to reduce the pain associated with chronic cutaneous wounds. However, previous studies indicate that topical morphine application impairs wound healing. This study was designed to elucidate the mechanisms by which morphine delays wound closure. Rats were depleted of sensory neuropeptides by treatment with capsaicin, and full-thickness 4-mm diameter wounds were excised from the intrascapular region. Wounds were treated topically twice daily with 5mM morphine sulfate, 1mM substance P, 1mM neurokinin A, or 5mM morphine combined with 1mM substance P or neurokinin A and wound areas assessed. During closure, wound tissue was taken 1, 3, 5, and 8 days post-wounding from control and morphine-treated rats and immunostained for neurokinin receptors and markers for macrophages, myofibroblasts, and vasculature. Results obtained from capsaicin-treated animals demonstrated a significant delay in the early stages of wound contraction that was reversed by neuropeptide application. Treatment of capsaicin-treated rats with topical morphine did not further delay wound closure, suggesting that topical opioids impair wound closure via the inhibition of peripheral neuropeptide release into the healing wound. Morphine application altered neurokinin-1 and neurokinin-2 receptor expression in inflammatory and parenchymal cells essential for wound healing in a cell-specific manner, demonstrating a direct effect of morphine on neurokinin receptor regulation within an array of cells involved in wound healing. These data provide evidence indicating a potentially detrimental effect of topical morphine application on the dynamic wound healing process.
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16
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Cortright DN, Szallasi A. The Role of the Vanilloid and Related Receptors in Nociceptor Function and Neuroimmune Regulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-7443(08)10405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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17
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Rook JM, McCarson KE. Delay of cutaneous wound closure by morphine via local blockade of peripheral tachykinin release. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 74:752-7. [PMID: 17632084 PMCID: PMC1997302 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2007] [Revised: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Topically applied morphine is routinely used to alleviate pain in cutaneous wounds such as burns and pressure sores. Evidence suggests the topical administration of exogenous opioid drugs may impair wound closure. This study examined the effects of topical morphine on a standardized model of cutaneous wound healing in the rat. Full-thickness 4mm diameter circular skin flaps were excised from the intrascapular region of male Sprague-Dawley rats. IntraSite Gel infused with either morphine-sulfate, neurokinin-1 (NK-1) or neurokinin-2 (NK-2) receptor antagonists, substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), SP+morphine-sulfate, or NKA+morphine-sulfate was applied to the wound twice daily. Results demonstrated a significant overall delay in the time course of wound contraction in morphine-treated animals when compared with gel-only treated controls. The delay in wound contraction seen in morphine-treated animals increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Topical application of NK-1 or NK-2 receptor antagonists mimicked the effects of morphine in delaying wound closure, suggesting topical opioids impair wound closure via the inhibition of SP and NKA release peripherally into the healing wound. Additionally, no significant delays in closure were seen in rats receiving morphine combined with SP or NKA, demonstrating the ability of each neuropeptide to attenuate the effects of morphine in delaying wound closure and restore normal wound closure rates. The combination of SP or NKA and morphine-sulfate for wound therapy may provide local analgesia while maintaining normal closure rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerri M Rook
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 1018, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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18
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Winter MK, McCarson KE. G-Protein Activation by Neurokinin-1 Receptors Is Dynamically Regulated during Persistent Nociception. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 315:214-21. [PMID: 15985614 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.089565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work has demonstrated that persistent nociception evokes increased neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1) gene expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn of the rat within 2 h but has failed to elucidate the relationship between increased NK-1 gene expression at later time points and functional regulation of NK-1 receptor signaling. This study was undertaken to assess changes in NK-1 receptor mRNA levels in models of persistent inflammatory hyperalgesia and to relate them to changes in the functional coupling of NK-1 receptors to G-protein activity in the dorsal horn of the rat. Thus, unilateral intraplantar formalin or complete Freund's adjuvant was used to alter mechanical and thermal withdrawal thresholds in the inflamed paw. One to 96 h later, NK-1 receptor mRNA levels were quantified using solution hybridization-nuclease protection assays. Formalin-evoked inflammation produced a 2-fold unilateral increase in NK-1 receptor mRNA levels apparent from 2 to 96 h postinjection. Histological sections of the lumbar cord from similarly treated rats were used to generate concentration-response curves using GTPgammaS35 functional binding assays stimulated by an NK-1 selective agonist. Results showed that formalin evoked a transient, bilateral decrease in the maximal functional response to 35% of control in the treated side at 24 h postinjection and as much as a 10-fold leftward shift in the EC50 of the agonist at 12 to 96 h postinjection. These results provide novel evidence that peripheral nociceptive activation promotes a central mechanism of hyperalgesia through increased functional sensitivity of NK-1 receptors in the spinal cord dorsal horn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle K Winter
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, Kansas City, KS 66160-7417, USA
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19
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Tachibana T, Endoh M, Kumakami R, Nawa T. Immunohistochemical expressions of mGluR5, P2Y2 receptor, PLC-beta1, and IP3R-I and -II in Merkel cells in rat sinus hair follicles. Histochem Cell Biol 2003; 120:13-21. [PMID: 12802596 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-003-0540-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously found that Merkel cells (MCs) of the rat and monkey show a strong immunoreaction of the alpha-subunit of Gq protein. The Galphaq-subunit isoform activates isozymes of phospholipase C-beta (PLC-beta), which produces inositol-(1,4,5)-triphosphate (IP3) which mobilizes intracellular Ca(++) from calcium stores via IP3 receptors. Glutamate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which are candidates for neurotransmitters in Merkel endings, are known to couple to Galphaq. Although MCs showed positive immunoreactions of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in our preliminary study, these cells were not reactive to all antibodies to PLC-beta isozymes. We, therefore, reinvestigated immunohistochemical affinities to MCs of antibodies to PLC-beta isozymes and mGluRs using frozen sections of rat sinus hair follicles that were briefly postfixed in formaldehyde. We also studied the immunohistochemical expressions of P2Y receptors for ATP and IP3 receptor subtypes using similar sections. Merkel cells showed positive immunoreactions of PLC-beta1 and mGluR5. It was also found that MCs show positive immunoreactions of P2Y2, IP3R-I, and IP3R-II receptors. These results suggest that the Galphaq isoform in MCs couples to both the P2Y2 receptor and mGluR5 and regulates the intracellular Ca(++) concentration via the PLC-beta-IP3 cascade.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Animals
- Calcium Channels/immunology
- Calcium Channels/metabolism
- Female
- Fixatives
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Formaldehyde
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11
- Hair Follicle/cytology
- Hair Follicle/metabolism
- Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Immunohistochemistry
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors
- Intermediate Filament Proteins/analysis
- Intermediate Filament Proteins/immunology
- Isoenzymes/immunology
- Isoenzymes/metabolism
- Keratin-20
- Keratins
- Male
- Merkel Cells/metabolism
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Phospholipase C beta
- Rats
- Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/immunology
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/immunology
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism
- Receptors, Neurotransmitter/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/immunology
- Receptors, Purinergic P2/metabolism
- Receptors, Purinergic P2Y2
- Type C Phospholipases/immunology
- Type C Phospholipases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiko Tachibana
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Iwate Medical University, 020-8505, Morioka, Japan.
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20
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Bandari PS, Qian J, Yehia G, Joshi DD, Maloof PB, Potian J, Oh HS, Gascon P, Harrison JS, Rameshwar P. Hematopoietic growth factor inducible neurokinin-1 type: a transmembrane protein that is similar to neurokinin 1 interacts with substance P. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 2003; 111:169-78. [PMID: 12609765 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(02)00288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neurokinin 1 (NK-1) is a member of seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. NK-1 interacts with peptides belonging to the tachykinin family and showed preference for substance P (SP). NK-1 is induced in bone marrow (BM) stroma. NK-1-SP interactions could lead to changes in the functions of lymphohematopoietic stem cell (LHSC). This report describes the cloning and characterization of a cDNA clone isolated after screening of three cDNA libraries with an NK-1-specific probe. Based on its expression, the cDNA clone was designated hematopoietic growth factor inducible neurokinin-1 type (HGFIN). Computational analyses predicted that HGFIN is transmembrane with the carboxyl terminal extracellular. Proteomic studies with purified HGFIN and SP showed noncovalent interactions. HGFIN-SP interactions were supported by transient expression of HGFIN in CHO cells. Transient expression of HGFIN in unstimulated BM fibroblasts led to the induction of endogenous NK-1. Since NK-1 expression in BM fibroblasts requires cell stimulation, these studies suggest that there might be intracellular crosstalk between NK-1 and HGFIN. Northern analyses with total RNA from different BM cell subsets showed that HGFIN was preferentially expressed in differentiated cells. This suggests that HGFIN might be involved in the maturation of LHSC. HGFIN was detected in several other tissues, but not in brain where NK-1 is constitutively expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Persis S Bandari
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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21
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Castagliuolo I, Morteau O, Keates AC, Valenick L, Wang CC, Zacks J, Lu B, Gerard NP, Pothoulakis C. Protective effects of neurokinin-1 receptor during colitis in mice: role of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 136:271-9. [PMID: 12010776 PMCID: PMC1573337 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
1. The role of substance P and its high affinity neurokinin-1 receptor in colitis has not been fully elucidated. We assessed the participation of neurokinin-1 receptor in colitis using the 2,4,6,-trinitrobenzensulphonic acid and dextran sulphate-induced animal models of colitis and genetically-engineered, neurokinin-1 receptor-deficient mice. 2. Clinical signs, macroscopic and histologic damage associated with 2,4,6,-trinitrobenzensulphonic acid (12 days) and dextran sulphate (5 days) colitis were more severe in neurokinin-1 deficient than in wild-type mice, while immunoreactivities for epidermal growth factor and its receptor were similar in the colon of both mice strains before and after colitis. 3. Substance P, dose-dependently induced intestinal fibroblast proliferation and enhanced epidermal growth factor-induced proliferation in intestinal fibroblasts isolated from wild-type, but not from neurokinin-1 receptor deficient mice. 4. Substance P-induced intestinal fibroblast proliferation required the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor with kinase activity. Furthermore, substance P induced epidermal growth factor tyrosine phosphorylation and activation in normal intestinal fibroblasts. 5. Our results indicate that in mice lacking the neurokinin - 1 receptor, substance P plays a protective role in prolonged experimental colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Castagliuolo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, MA 02215, U.S.A
| | - O Morteau
- Pulmonary Division Ina Sue Pelmutter Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, MA 02215, U.S.A
| | - A C Keates
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, MA 02215, U.S.A
| | - L Valenick
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, MA 02215, U.S.A
| | - C -C Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, MA 02215, U.S.A
| | - J Zacks
- Department of Pathology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, MA 02118, U.S.A
| | - B Lu
- Pulmonary Division Ina Sue Pelmutter Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, MA 02215, U.S.A
| | - N P Gerard
- Pulmonary Division Ina Sue Pelmutter Laboratory, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, MA 02215, U.S.A
| | - C Pothoulakis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, MA 02215, U.S.A
- Author for correspondence:
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22
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Rameshwar P, Joshi DD, Yadav P, Qian J, Gascon P, Chang VT, Anjaria D, Harrison JS, Song X. Mimicry between neurokinin-1 and fibronectin may explain the transport and stability of increased substance P immunoreactivity in patients with bone marrow fibrosis. Blood 2001; 97:3025-31. [PMID: 11342427 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v97.10.3025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) fibrosis may occur in myeloproliferative diseases, lymphoma, myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloma, and infectious diseases. In this study, the role of substance P (SP), a peptide with pleiotropic functions, was examined. Some of its functions-angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, and stimulation of BM progenitors-are amenable to inducing BM fibrosis. Indeed, a significant increase was found in SP-immunoreactivity (SP-IR) in the sera of patients with BM fibrosis (n = 44) compared with the sera of patients with hematologic disorders and no histologic evidence of fibrosis (n = 46) (140 +/-12 vs 18 +/-3; P <.01). Immunoprecipitation of sera SP indicated that this peptide exists in the form of a complex with other molecule(s). It was, therefore, hypothesized that SP might be complexed with NK-1, its natural receptor, or with a molecule homologous to NK-1. To address this, 3 cDNA libraries were screened that were constructed from pooled BM stroma or mononuclear cells with an NK-1 cDNA probe. A partial clone (clone 1) was retrieved that was 97% homologous to the ED-A region of fibronectin (FN). Furthermore, sequence analyses indicated that clone 1 shared significant homology with exon 5 of NK-1. Immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis indicated co-migration of SP and FN in 27 of 31 patients with BM fibrosis. Computer-assisted molecular modeling suggested that similar secondary structural features between FN and NK-1 and the relative electrostatic charge might explain a complex formed between FN (negative) and SP (positive). This study suggests that SP may be implicated in the pathophysiology of myelofibrosis, though its role would have to be substantiated in future research. (Blood. 2001;97:3025-3031)
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Affiliation(s)
- P Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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23
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Maloof PB, Joshi DD, Qian J, Gascón P, Singh D, Rameshwar P. Induction of preprotachykinin-I and neurokinin-1 by adrenocorticotropin and prolactin. Implication for neuroendocrine-immune-hematopoietic axis. J Neuroimmunol 2001; 112:188-96. [PMID: 11108948 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We studied the complex interactions within the neuroendocrine-immune-hematopoietic axis by determining a possible link among ACTH, PRL, PPT-I and the receptors for its peptides, NK-1 and NK-2. Indeed, ACTH and PRL induced the expression of PPT-I and NK-1 in human bone marrow stroma with no effect on NK-2. Consistent with a role for PPT-I in regulating the development of myeloid and erythroid progenitors, we found that ACTH and PRL, through NK-1 stimulated the proliferation of both types of progenitors. Induction of PPT-I was regulated at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. The results showed that ACTH and PRL stimulated the proliferation of bone marrow progenitors, partly through PPT-I and NK-1 induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Maloof
- UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB, Rm. E-579 Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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24
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Staniek V, Doutremepuich J, Schmitt D, Claudy A, Misery L. Expression of substance P receptors in normal and psoriatic skin. Pathobiology 2000; 67:51-4. [PMID: 9873229 DOI: 10.1159/000028051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, substance P receptors (SPR) have been detected in neonatal foreskin. Our purpose was to determine the expression of SPR in other localizations than neonatal foreskin. As SP has been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory cutaneous lesions, we wondered whether SPR localization was modified in psoriatic lesions. In normal skin, SP binding sites were detected using biotinylated SP and abrogated by a specific NK1 antagonist (spantide) on blood vessels, sweat glands and hair follicles. In the normal epidermis, SPR were usually observed on granular layers but may also be observed on other cell layers. The SP binding processed on cultured keratinocytes demonstrated that SPR were expressed in the epidermis, except basal cell layers, confirming that keratinocytes constitutively express SPR. In skin lesions of psoriatic patients, SP binding sites were expressed on the uppermost keratinocytes which are not granular cells, and seem to be overexpressed. Our results raise the question of the role of SPR on psoriatic keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Staniek
- INSERM U 346, Clinique Dermatologique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, France
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Loke KE, Curran CM, Messina EJ, Laycock SK, Shesely EG, Carretero OA, Hintze TH. Role of nitric oxide in the control of cardiac oxygen consumption in B(2)-kinin receptor knockout mice. Hypertension 1999; 34:563-7. [PMID: 10523327 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.34.4.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether bradykinin, the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramiprilat, and the calcium-channel antagonist amlodipine reduce myocardial oxygen consumption (MV(O2)) via a B(2)-kinin receptor/nitric oxide-dependent mechanism. Left ventricular free wall and septum were isolated from normal and B(2)-kinin receptor knockout (B(2) -/-) mice. Myocardial tissue oxygen consumption was measured in an airtight chamber with a Clark-type oxygen electrode. Baseline MV(O2) was not significantly different between normal (239+/-13 nmol of O(2). min(-1). g(-1)) and B(2) -/- (263+/-24 nmol of O(2). min(-1). g(-1)) mice. S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (10(-7) to 10(-4) mol/L) reduced oxygen consumption in a concentration-dependent manner in both normal (maximum, 36+/-3%) and B(2) -/- mice (28+/-3%). This was also true for the endothelium-dependent vasodilator substance P (10(-10) to 10(-7) mol/L; 22+/-7% in normal mice and 20+/-4% in B(2) -/- mice). Bradykinin (10(-7) to 10(-4) mol/L), ramiprilat (10(-7) to 10(-4) mol/L), and amlodipine (10(-7) to 10(-5) mol/L) all caused concentration-dependent decreases in MV(O2)in normal mice. At the highest concentration, tissue O(2) consumption was decreased by 18+/-3%, 20+/-5%, and 28+/-3%, respectively. The reduction in MV(O2) to all 3 drugs was attenuated in the presence of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester. However, in the B(2) -/- mice, bradykinin, ramiprilat, and amlodipine had virtually no effect on MV(O2). Therefore, nitric oxide, through a bradykinin-receptor-dependent mechanism, regulates cardiac oxygen consumption. This physiological mechanism is absent in B(2) -/- mice and may be evidence of an important therapeutic mechanism of action of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and amlodipine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Loke
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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Zachrisson O, Lindefors N, Brené S. A tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist, CP-122,721-1, attenuates kainic acid-induced seizure activity. BRAIN RESEARCH. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 1998; 60:291-5. [PMID: 9757066 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-328x(98)00191-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Substance P (SP) can play an important role in neuronal survival. To analyze the role of SP in excitotoxicity, kainic acid (KA) was administered to rats and in situ hybridization was used to analyze the levels of the SP encoding preprotachykinin-A (PPT-A) mRNA in striatal and hippocampal subregions 1, 4, and 24 h and 7 days after KA. In striatum and piriform cortex, PPT-A mRNA peaked 4 h after KA while in hippocampus, levels peaked after 24 h. KA caused seizures and neuronal toxicity as indicated by a reduction of the number of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 subregion after 7 days. KA was later administered alone or following pretreatment with the tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist CP-122,721-1 (0.3 mg/kg). The pretreatment decreased seizure activity and a negative correlation was found between seizure activity and survival of CA1 neurons. Conclusively, treatment with CP-122,721-1 has a seizure inhibiting property and may possibly counteract KA-induced nerve cell death in CA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Zachrisson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry Section, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Abstract
The actions of substance P (SP), a widely distributed tachykinin neuropeptide, are mediated by the NK1 receptor, a seven trans-membrane spanning domain cell surface receptor coupled to heterotrimeric G-proteins. SP regulates cellular processes in the CNS, placenta and vasculature including permeability, inflammation, mitogenesis and transformation. Examples of sexual dimorphism in tissue distribution and expression of SP and the SP receptor (SPR) in various organ systems (breast, uterus, brain) suggest the SPR may be under hormonal control. Using Northern blot analysis of SPR mRNA levels, we studied the effects of 17beta-estradiol (E2) on SPR gene expression in AR42J (rat pancreatic acinar) cells which constitutively express high levels of SPR. E2 (100 nM) led to a 2.5-fold increase in SPR mRNA levels (4.7 kb band) which was time- and concentration-dependent. The increase was inhibited by the RNA polymerase inhibitor actinomycin D (5 microg/ml) but not by the translational inhibitor cycloheximide (10 microg/ml). In addition, the antiestrogen tamoxifen (1 microM) blocked the stimulatory effect of E2 on SPR mRNA. Increased SPR mRNA levels in response to E2 were linearly related to increased [3H]SP binding to the SPR. This study has implications for understanding molecular mechanisms of hormonal control of receptor gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Villablanca
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.
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Viac J, Goujon C, Misery L, Staniek V, Faure M, Schmitt D, Claudy A. Effect of UVB 311 nm irradiation on normal human skin. PHOTODERMATOLOGY, PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 1997; 13:103-8. [PMID: 9372527 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.1997.tb00125.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) on the skin induces erythema, inflammation and modifications of the immune system. These changes have been reported after excessive short-term or long-term exposure to broad spectrum UVB. In this study, we examined the effects of local repetitive UVB irradiation of 311 nm wavelength on the skin of seven young volunteers. Skin biopsies were taken before and after UVB irradiation, and we immunohistochemically analyzed the expression of CD1a and HLA-DR antigens of Langerhans cells (LC), the possible infiltration of dermis/epidermis by CD11b macrophages, the modifications or the induction of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) involved in the binding of leukocytes to the endothelial surface and the development of perivascular infiltrates of LFA-1+ mononuclear cells. We also determined the expression of substance P receptors (SPR) using biotinylated substance P (SPB). Exposure of UVB 311 nm induced a drastic reduction of CD1a+ cells and a moderate increase of HLA-DR+ dendritic cells in the epidermis without infiltration by CD11b macrophages. An increase of the binding of SPB to upper layer epidermal cells was noted in five of seven biopsies. In the dermis, vessel-associated ICAM-1 expression increased and an induction of E-selectin occurred on nearly 20 to 40% of endothelial cells, but VCAM-1 expression remained undetectable. The percentage of LFA-1+ cells did not change significantly after irradiation. These observations may be compatible with a selective role of UVB 311 nm on the skin immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Viac
- Clinique Dermatologique, Hôpital Ed Herriot, Lyon, France
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29
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Nakamura M, Ofuji K, Chikama T, Nishida T. The NK1 receptor and its participation in the synergistic enhancement of corneal epithelial migration by substance P and insulin-like growth factor-1. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 120:547-52. [PMID: 9051288 PMCID: PMC1564494 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0700923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
1. We have previously shown that substance P (SP) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) act synergistically to enhance the migration of rabbit corneal epithelial cells in an organ culture model. The present study was designed to identify the epithelial cell SP receptor that participates in this synergistic effect. 2. Rabbit corneal blocks were incubated for 24 h, then the length of the path of epithelial migration was measured. Reagents tried in the TC-199 culture medium, in the presence or absence of IGF-1, were: SP, agonists of tachykinin receptors NK1, NK2 or NK3 and antagonists of tachykinin receptors NK1 or NK2. 3. The binding characteristics of SP receptors were examined in rabbit cultured corneal epithelial cells by binding assays with [125I]-SP in the presence or absence of excess unlabelled SP or ligands of NK1, NK2 or NK3 receptors. 4. As was demonstrated previously, SP and IGF-1 stimulated epithelial migration when they were added to the culture medium together, but individually they had no effect. NK1 agonists had the same synergistic effect with IGF-1 as did SP, but the NK2 and NK3 agonists did not. Furthermore, the NK1 antagonist abolished the synergistic effect of SP and IGF-1, but the NK2 antagonist had no effect. 5. SP bound specifically to rabbit cultured corneal epithelial cells. The binding affinity was 0.44 nM and there were 2.43 x 10(4) binding sites per cell. The NK1 ligand competed, in a dose-dependent fashion, with the binding of SP to corneal epithelial cells, but neither the NK2 nor NK3 ligand affected binding. 6. We conclude that the SP receptor in rabbit corneal epithelial cells is NK1 and that this receptor participates in the synergistic enhancement of corneal epithelial migration by SP and IGF-1. The precise mechanism(s) of this interaction requires more study. These findings imply that both neural and humoral factors are essential for the maintenance and healing of corneal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Japan
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30
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Chiwakata CB, Hort G, Hemmer CJ, Dietrich M. Sera from patients with falciparum malaria induce substance P gene expression in cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Infect Immun 1996; 64:5106-10. [PMID: 8945553 PMCID: PMC174495 DOI: 10.1128/iai.64.12.5106-5110.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance P is a pluripotent neuropeptide capable of inducing neurogenic inflammation, immunoregulation, and vasodilatation. In an effort to contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of cerebral malaria, we have evaluated the effects of sera obtained from patients suffering from severe or mild malaria and from a healthy donor with no previous history of exposure to malaria on the expression of the substance P gene by cultured human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) and human umbilical-vein endothelial cells. PCR, Southern blotting, hybridization with an internal probe, and densitometry demonstrated that treatment of HBMEC with sera from patients with severe malaria caused remarkably increased expression of the substance P gene. In HBMEC, substance P was not significantly influenced by serum from a healthy donor. Substance P was expressed at almost undetectable levels in untreated HBMEC. Treatment of cultured human umbilical-vein endothelial cells with the same sera produced no signal. The influence of different sera on the expression of substance P by HBMEC suggests that substance P expression may be involved in events leading to the development of severe malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Chiwakata
- Department of Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
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31
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Characterization of antisera specific to NK1, NK2, and NK3 neurokinin receptors and their utilization to localize receptors in the rat gastrointestinal tract. J Neurosci 1996. [PMID: 8824334 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.16-21-06975.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the physiological role of tachykinins requires precise cellular and subcellular localization of their receptors. We raised antisera by immunizing rabbits with peptides corresponding to portions of the intracellular tails of the rat neurokinin 1, 2, and 3 receptors (NK1-R, NK2-R, NK3-R). Receptors were localized by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. NK1-R, NK2-R, and NK3-R were detected at the plasma membrane of transfected cells with minimal intracellular stores. Staining was abolished by preabsorption of the antisera with the peptides used for immunization. Nontransfected cells were unstained. Each antiserum only stained cells transfected with the appropriate receptor and did not stain cells transfected with the other receptors. Therefore, the antisera are specific and do not cross-react with other neurokinin receptors. We examined the distribution of the neurokinin receptors in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat. NK1-R was detected in myenteric and submucosal neurons and in interstitial cells of Cajal. NK2-R was localized to circular and longitudinal muscle cells and to nerve endings in the plexuses. NK3-R was detected in numerous myenteric and submucosal neurons. Some neurons expressed both NK1-R and NK3-R. Receptors were detected at the plasma membrane and in endosomes. Cells expressing the receptors were closely associated with tachykinin-containing nerve fibers. Thus, NK1-R and NK3-R mediate neurotransmission by tachykinins within enteric nerve plexuses, and NK1-R and NK2-R mediate the effects of tachykinins on interstitial and smooth muscle cells, respectively.
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Strobel WM, Lüscher TF, Simper D, Linder L, Haefeli WE. Substance P in human hand veins in vivo: tolerance, efficacy, potency, and mechanism of venodilator action. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996; 60:435-43. [PMID: 8873691 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-9236(96)90200-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study potency, efficacy, development of tolerance, and mechanism of action of substance P, an endothelium-dependent vasodilator neurokinin, in human hand veins in vivo. METHODS Thirty-three healthy subjects were studied with use of the hand vein compliance technique. In hand veins preconstricted with the alpha 1-agonist phenylephrine, substance P and antagonists of nitric oxide formation (L-NG-mono-methyl-arginine, L-NMMA), adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent potassium channels (glyburide), angiotensin converting enzyme (enalaprilat), and cyclooxygenase (acetylsalicylic acid) were infused and the venodilator effect was measured. RESULTS Substance P proved to be the most potent venodilator known thus far (the dose-rate exerting 50% of mean maximum dilation [ED50], geometric mean: 0.105 pmol/min). Rapid development of tolerance occurred in seven of eight volunteers studied. Glyburide decreased the venodilator action of a single dose of substance P (1.5 pmol/min) from 81% to 28% of baseline venodilation (p < 0.05), suggesting that substance P acts through release of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor. The cyclooxygenase-inhibitor acetylsalicylic acid reduced substance P-induced venodilation from 53% +/- 7% to 34% +/- 8% (p < 0.05), whereas L-NMMA had no effect. CONCLUSIONS Unlike in other vessels, substance P-induced venodilation in hand veins is not mediated through nitric oxide but to a significant extent through a glyburide-sensitive pathway. Therefore it appears likely that substance P activates ATP-dependent potassium channels on vascular smooth muscle cells through the release of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Strobel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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33
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van Ginkel FW, Pascual DW. Recognition of neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1-R): an antibody to a peptide sequence from the third extracellular region binds to brain NK1-R. J Neuroimmunol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0165-5728(96)00033-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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34
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Russell JS, Chi H, Lantry LE, Stephens RE, Ward PE. Substance P and neurokinin A metabolism by cultured human skeletal muscle myocytes and fibroblasts. Peptides 1996; 17:1397-403. [PMID: 8971937 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(96)00201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A recent study determined that cultured human skeletal muscle adult myoblasts, myotubes, and fibroblasts degraded angiotensins and kinins via neutral endopeptidase-24.11 (NEP-24.11: EC 3.4.24.11) and aminopeptidase N (APN: EC 3.4.11.2). Due to the possible importance of other peptides to skeletal muscle blood flow and function, the present study looked specifically at the metabolism of the neurokinins substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) by skeletal muscle peptidases. The results show that SP is degraded not only by NEP-24.11, but also sequentially by dipeptidyl(amino)peptidase IV (DAP IV: EC 3.4.14.5)/APN. NKA is unaffected by DAP IV but is metabolized by NEP-24.11 and APN. NEP-24.11 was inhibited by phosphoramidon (IC50 = 80 nM), thiorphan and ZINCOV, DAP IV by diprotin A (IC50 = 8 microM), and APN by amastatin (IC50 = 50 nM) and bestatin (IC50 = 100 microM). Skeletal muscle myocyte and fibroblast metabolism of SP and NKA may regulate local skeletal muscle vascular and extravascular functions including SP- and NKA-mediated nerve-induced vasodilation. Inhibition of both NEP-24.11 and DAP IV/APN may increase skeletal muscle blood flow and decrease peripheral vascular resistance via potentiation of local neurokinin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Russell
- Department of Physiology, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
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35
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Ansel JC, Kaynard AH, Armstrong CA, Olerud J, Bunnett N, Payan D. Skin-nervous system interactions. J Invest Dermatol 1996; 106:198-204. [PMID: 8592075 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12330326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J C Ansel
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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36
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Bannon MJ, Brownschidle LA, Tian Y, Whitty CJ, Poosch MS, D'sa C, Moody CA. Neurokinin-3 receptors modulate dopamine cell function and alter the effects of 6-hydroxydopamine. Brain Res 1995; 695:19-24. [PMID: 8574643 DOI: 10.1016/0006-8993(95)00791-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neurokinin-3 receptor expression within rat midbrain dopamine neurons was demonstrated using a combination of in situ hybridization and receptor autoradiographic techniques. Continuous intranigral infusion of the neurokinin-3 receptor agonist senktide selectively increased striatal dopamine metabolism over a period of several days, followed by apparent development of tolerance. In contrast, in animals with moderate unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of nigrostriatal dopamine cells, intranigral senktide infusion increased dopamine turnover in the surviving dopamine neurons and reduced functional dopamine asymmetry (reflected by spontaneous rotations) over the 2-week period tested. Thus nigral neurokinin receptors can modulate normal dopamine cell activity and may provide a therapeutic target in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Bannon
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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37
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Whitty CJ, Walker PD, Goebel DJ, Poosch MS, Bannon MJ. Quantitation, cellular localization and regulation of neurokinin receptor gene expression within the rat substantia nigra. Neuroscience 1995; 64:419-25. [PMID: 7535403 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(94)00373-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The diverse biological effects of substance P and related peptides are mediated by multiple neurokinin receptors. The CNS sites of neurokinin receptor biosynthesis have not been fully elucidated and little is known about the regulation of neurokinin receptor gene expression. In the present study, the abundance of neurokinin-1, neurokinin-2 and neurokinin-3 receptor messenger RNAs in various rat brain regions was quantitated using a sensitive solution hybridization assay. Midbrain neurokinin receptor gene expression was then examined in detail. In situ hybridization experiments localized high levels of neurokinin-3 receptor messenger RNA to presumptive dopamine neurons, as evidenced by sensitivity to 6-hydroxydopamine lesions and the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase messenger RNA in serial sections. Lesions of nigral afferent (including substance P-containing) pathways from the caudate-putamen increased both nigral neurokinin-3 and neurokinin-1 receptor messenger RNA levels two- to three-fold. These data provide the anatomical substrate for physiological data suggesting that substance P (released from striatonigral neurons) may act on nigral cells through neurokinin-1 receptors, while the substance P co-transmitter neurokinin A may act preferentially on dopamine neurons through neurokinin-3 receptors. The magnitude of denervation-induced changes in neurokinin receptor messenger RNAs suggests significant plasticity of neurokinin receptor gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Whitty
- Department of Psychiatry (Cellular and Clinical Neurobiology), Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Abstract
The distribution of binding sites for NTE-biotinyl-[Arg3]-substance P (SPB) was demonstrated in neonatal foreskin using a conjugate of streptavidin with horseradish peroxidase. The observed binding is reversible, and may be abrogated by either the non-peptide substance P receptor antagonist, CP-96,345, or by unlabelled substance P. The generalized epidermal distribution and focal dermal localization of SPB binding suggest that although NK-1 receptors are abundant in human neonatal foreskin, neuromodulatory mechanisms may play a significant role in epidermal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Arenberger
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Charles University School of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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39
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Experimental models of arthritis: Identification of substance P as a therapeutic target and use of capsaicin to manage joint pain and inflammation. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0049-0172(10)80021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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Medrano S, Gruenstein E, Dimlich RV. Substance P receptors on human astrocytoma cells are linked to glycogen breakdown. Neurosci Lett 1994; 167:14-8. [PMID: 7513838 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(94)91017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study we report that substance P stimulated [3H]glycogen breakdown and elevation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration in the human astrocytoma cell line UC-11MG. Both effects were dose dependent, and completely blocked by CP-96,345 suggesting the involvement of an NK1 receptor. Our previous studies indicated that norepinephrine and histamine stimulate glycogenolysis via cAMP and Ca2+ respectively. Combined stimulation with substance P and norepinephrine or histamine resulted in additive effects suggesting that there is no interaction between these neurotransmitters in regulating glycogenolysis in these cells. These results confirm that UC-11MG cells are a useful model system to investigate the functional role of neurotransmitter receptors in astroglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Medrano
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, OH 45267
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41
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McKee KT, Millar L, Rodger IW, Metters KM. Identification of both NK1 and NK2 receptors in guinea-pig airways. Br J Pharmacol 1993; 110:693-700. [PMID: 7694756 PMCID: PMC2175923 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
1. NK1 and NK2 receptors have been characterized in guinea-pig lung membrane preparations by use of [125I-Tyr8]-substance P and [125I]-neurokinin A binding assays in conjunction with tachykinin-receptor selective agonists ([Sar9Met(O2)11]substance P for NK1 and [beta Ala8]neurokinin A (4-10) for NK2) and antagonists (CP-99,994 for NK1 and SR48968 for NK2). 2. The presence of high affinity, G-protein-coupled NK1 receptors in guinea-pig lung parenchymal membranes has been confirmed. The rank order of affinity for competing tachykinins was as predicted for an NK1 receptor: substance P = [Sar9Met(O2)11]substance P > substance P-methyl ester = physalaemin > neurokinin A = neurokinin B >> [beta Ala8]neurokinin A (4-10). The novel NK1 antagonist CP-99,994 has a Ki of 0.4 nM at this NK1 site. 3. In order to characterize [125I]-neurokinin A binding to guinea-pig lung, the number of [125I]-neurokinin A specific binding sites was increased 3-4 fold by purification of the parenchymal membranes over discontinuous sucrose gradients. The rank order of affinity determined for NK1- and NK2-receptor agonists and antagonists in competition for these sites showed that the majority (80%) of [125I]-neurokinin A specific binding was also to the NK1 receptor. 4. Under conditions where the guinea-pig lung parenchymal NK1 receptor was fully occupied by a saturating concentration of either [Sar9Met(O2)11]substance P (1 microM) or CP-99,994 (2.7 microM), residual [125I]-neurokinin A specific binding was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by both [beta Ala8]neurokinin A and SR48968. This result shows that the NK2 receptor is also present in these preparations. 5. Similar studies using guinea-pig tracheal membranes demonstrated that [125I]-neurokinin A specific binding was composed of a NK1-receptor component (60%), inhibited by both [Sar9Met(02)11]substance P and CP-99,994, and a significant NK2-receptor component, inhibited by both [beta Ala 8]neurokinin A andSR48968.6. In summary, these data demonstrate that guinea-pig lung parenchyma and guinea-pig trachea express both NK1 and NK2 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K T McKee
- Department of Pharmacology, Merck Frosst Centre for Therapeutic Research, Pointe-Claire, Dorval, Québec, Canada
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42
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Dornan WA, Vink KL, Malen P, Short K, Struthers W, Barrett C. Site-specific effects of intracerebral injections of three neurokinins (neurokinin A, neurokinin K, and neurokinin gamma) on the expression of male rat sexual behavior. Physiol Behav 1993; 54:249-58. [PMID: 7690487 DOI: 10.1016/0031-9384(93)90107-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that neurokinins play a role in the neural regulation of male rat copulatory behavior. We have previously reported that injections of the neurokinin substance P into the medial preoptic nucleus facilitated male rat copulatory behavior. Recently, a number of other neurokinins, neurokinin K (neuropeptide K), neurokinin A (substance K), and neurokinin gamma (derived from the same gene as substance P), have been identified in the mammalian CNS. Therefore, in a series of experiments we examined the effects on male copulatory behavior following bilateral injections of different doses of neurokinin K (NkK), neurokinin A (NkA), or neurokinin gamma (Nk gamma) into the medial preoptic area (MPOA), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BnST), or the caudate/putamen. Bilateral injections of NkK into the MPOA or BnST inhibited the expression of male copulatory behavior. The most marked effect was seen following bilateral injections of 0.25 and 0.52 nmol of NkK into the MPOA and the BnST. These injections produced a dramatic suppression of copulatory behavior in previously sexually vigorous male rats when compared to control injections. In contrast, bilateral injections of three different doses of NkA into the MPOA failed to affect any parameter of male copulatory behavior. Bilateral injections of 0.431 nmol of Nk gamma into the MPOA failed to affect the expression of copulatory behavior, but significantly delayed its initiation when compared to controls. Bilateral injections of 0.251 nmol of NkK into the caudate/putamen had no significant effect on copulatory behavior in sexually vigorous male rats when compared to control injections. The results of the present study provide further support for a role of neurokinins in the regulation of copulatory behavior in male rat. Taken together, these results suggest that the effects of neurokinins upon the expression of male copulatory behavior are site specific for brain regions in the sexually dimorphic vomeronasal pathway which includes the MeA, BnST, and MPOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Dornan
- Department of Psychology, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington 61701
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