1
|
Wu J, Shen S, Cheng H, Pan H, Ye X, Chen S, Chen J. RG-I pectic polysaccharides and hesperidin synergistically modulate gut microbiota: An in vitro study targeting the proportional relationship. Food Chem 2025; 462:141010. [PMID: 39217745 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated how different proportions blends of Rhamnogalacturonan-I pectic polysaccharides and hesperidin impact the gut microbiota and metabolites using an in vitro simulated digestion and fermentation model. The results indicated that both of them could modulate the gut microbiota and produce beneficial metabolites. However, their blends in particular proportions (such as 1:1) exhibited remarkable synergistic effects on modulating the intestinal microenvironment, surpassing the effects observed with individual components. Specifically, these blends could benefit the host by increasing short-chain fatty acids production (such as acetate), improving hesperidin bioavailability, producing more metabolites (such as hesperetin, phenolic acids), and promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria. This synergistic and additive effect was inseparable from the role of gut microbiota. Certain beneficial bacteria, such as Blautia, Faecalibacterium, and Prevotella, exhibited strong preferences for those blends, thereby contributing to host health through participating in carbohydrate and flavonoid metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiong Wu
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Sihuan Shen
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Huan Cheng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Haibo Pan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Jianle Chen
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu X, Zhao C, Wang X, Wang J, Du Y, Cui J, Zeng L, Zheng J. Arabinan branches in the RG-I region of citrus pectin aid acid-induced gelation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 346:122668. [PMID: 39245519 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Gelation is a critical property of citrus pectin. However, the roles played by neutral sugar side-chains on acid-induced pectin gelation remain poorly understood. Herein, galactan- or/and arabinan-eliminated pectins (P-G, P-A, and P-AG) were used to investigate the effects of side-chains on gelation. The gel hardness values of citrus pectin, P-G, P-A, and P-AG were 42.6, 39.9, 5.3, and 2.1 g, respectively, suggesting that arabinan contributed more to gelation than galactan. We next found that arabinan branches promoted pectin chain entanglement more effectively than arabinan backbones. Destabilizer addition experiments showed that hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, and hydrophobic interaction were the main forces affecting pectin gel networks and strength, which was further validated by molecular dynamic simulations. The total number of hydrogen bonds between the arabinan branches and galactan/HG (65.7) was significantly higher than that between the arabinan backbones and galactan/HG (39.1), indicating that arabinan branches predominated in terms of such interactions. This study thus elucidated the roles played by neutral-sugar side-chains, especially the arabinan branches of acid-induced pectin gels, in term of enhancing high-methoxyl pectin gelation, and offers novel insights into the structure-gelling relationships of citrus pectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingmiao Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chengying Zhao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jirong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuyi Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jiefen Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fan C, Guo Y, Cai F, Wang L, Yu W, Mei X, Cheng X. Influence of pH on the emulsifying property of high methyl-esterified citrus pectin in the presence of calcium cations. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 345:122581. [PMID: 39227110 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
High methyl-esterified citrus pectin (HMCP) is often used as a thickness in food products and is considered a poor emulsifier, especially in neutral pH solutions. Our previous findings show that the emulsifying capacity of HMCP could be significantly enhanced by calcium cations. Besides, the pH of the solution decreased in the presence of calcium cations. However, the impact of solution pH on HMCP emulsifying capacity in the presence of calcium cations is unclear. In this study, the pH of the HMCP solution was adjusted from 3.00 to 8.00 before adding calcium cations. The solution properties and emulsifying properties were analyzed in light of the existence of calcium cations. The results showed that the pH of the HMCP solutions decreased after bringing calcium cations into them. Calcium cations could change the solution rheological properties, particle size distributions and morphologies, and the particle microenvironmental hydrophobic areas in HMCP solutions while increasing the pH of HMCP solutions, contributing to improving the emulsifying capacity of HMCP. HMCP had the best emulsifying ability when the pH of the HMCP solutions was kept at a neutral level. This research gives us new ideas to adjust the emulsifying property of HMCP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; Agro-product Processing Research Sub-center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Fang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; Agro-product Processing Research Sub-center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; Agro-product Processing Research Sub-center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; Agro-product Processing Research Sub-center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China.
| | - Xin Mei
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; Agro-product Processing Research Sub-center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Xueling Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-product Processing and Nuclear Agricultural Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China; Agro-product Processing Research Sub-center of Hubei Innovation Center of Agriculture Science and Technology, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pang Y, Peng Z, Ding K. An in-depth review: Unraveling the extraction, structure, bio-functionalities, target molecules, and applications of pectic polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 343:122457. [PMID: 39174094 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Pectic polysaccharides have long been a challenging subject of research in the field of macromolecular science, given their complex structures and wide range of biological effects. However, the extensive exploration of pectic polysaccharides has been limited due to the intricacy of their structures. In this comprehensive review, we aim to provide a thorough summary of the existing knowledge on pectic polysaccharides, with a particular focus on aspects such as classification, extraction methodologies, structural analysis, elucidation of biological activities, and exploration of target molecules and signaling pathways. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of existing literature and research achievements, we strive to establish a comprehensive and systematic framework that can serve as a reference and guide for further investigations into pectic polysaccharides. Furthermore, this review delves into the applications of pectic polysaccharides beyond their fundamental attributes and characteristics, exploring their potential in fields such as materials, food, and pharmaceuticals. We pay special attention to the promising opportunities for pectic polysaccharides in the pharmaceutical domain and provide an overview of related drug development research. The aim of this review is to facilitate a holistic understanding of pectic polysaccharides by incorporating multifaceted research, providing valuable insights for further in-depth investigations into this significant polymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunrui Pang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan 528400, PR China; Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Zhigang Peng
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan 528400, PR China; Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China; China School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Kan Ding
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, SSIP Healthcare and Medicine Demonstration Zone, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Zhongshan 528400, PR China; Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li J, Li R, Peng Y, Tian J, Zhou L. Effect of high-pressure-homogenisation on the interaction between pomegranate peel pectin fractions and anthocyanins in acidic environment. Food Chem 2024; 457:140110. [PMID: 38905822 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, changes in the basic composition and structural characterisation of water-soluble pectin (WSP), homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) from pomegranate peel were investigated after high-pressure-homogenisation (HPH) at 50 MPa and 300 MPa. The interactions between three pectin and anthocyanin (ACN) complex were also studied. The three pectin fractions were mainly composed of galacturonic acid (34.95%-87.69%), all with low degrees of methyl-esterification ≤41.20%. HPH at 300 MPa increased the binding ratios of ACN to three pectin fractions by 34.22%-34.59%. Changes in the structural characterisation results of pectin confirmed that the depolymerisation and breakdown of the side chains of pectin after HPH promoted electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction between pectin and ACN. Correspondingly, the thermal and storage stabilities of ACN in the complex was boosted after HPH at 300 MPa. This study provides insights into the interaction between pectin and ACN under HPH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China; College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province 150030, China.
| | - Rongping Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Yijin Peng
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Jun Tian
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China
| | - Linyan Zhou
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China; Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Fruit & Vegetable Products, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory for Food Advanced Manufacturing, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China; International Green Food Processing Research and Development Center of Kunming City, Kunming, Yunnan Province 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tian S, Peng Z, Zhang J, Yan D, Liang J, Zhao G, Zhong P, Li H, Yang D, Zhao Z. Structural analysis and biological activity of cell wall polysaccharides and enzyme-extracted polysaccharides from pomelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135249. [PMID: 39226981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Pomelo peel is a valuable source of pectin, but research on its cell wall polysaccharides is limited. This study compared the cell wall polysaccharides of pomelo peel, enzyme-extracted polysaccharides of pomelo peel, and enzyme-extracted polysaccharides of whole pomelo fruit. Cell wall polysaccharides, including water-soluble pectin (WSP), chelator-soluble pectin (CSP), sodium carbonate-soluble pectin (NSP), 1 mol/L KOH soluble hemicellulose (KSH-1), and 4 mol/L KOH soluble hemicellulose (KSH-2), were obtained by sequence-extraction method. Total polysaccharides from whole pomelo fruit (TP) and peel-polysaccharides from pomelo pericarps (PP) were obtained using enzyme-extraction method. The structural, thermal, rheological, antioxidant properties, and wound healing effect in vitro were described for each polysaccharide. WSP had a uniform molecular weight distribution and high uronic acid (UA) content, suitable for commercial pectin. NSP had the highest Rhamnose (Rha)/UA ratio and a rich side chain with highest viscosity and water retention. PP displayed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing capacity at 0.1 to 2.0 mg/mL concentration range, with an IC50 of 1.05 mg/mL for DPPH free radicals. NSP also demonstrated the highest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and promoted Human dermal keratinocyte proliferation and migration at 10 μg/mL, suggesting potential applications in daily chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shurong Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongcan Peng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Danna Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingxi Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Guomin Zhao
- Guangdong L-Med Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 514600, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhong
- Guangdong L-Med Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou 514600, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Depo Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhimin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fiedot M, Junka A, Brożyna M, Cybulska J, Zdunek A, Kockova O, Lis K, Chomiak K, Czajkowski M, Jędrzejewski R, Szustakiewicz K, Cybińska J, Kennedy JF. The influence of the pectin structure on the properties of hydrogel dressings doped with octenidine-containing antiseptic. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 343:122463. [PMID: 39174120 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
This article presents a method for producing hydrogel dressings using high methylated pectin from apples or citrus, doped with the antiseptic agent, octenidine dihydrochloride. Octenidine was incorporated in-situ during the polymer crosslinking. The pectins were characterized by their varying molecular weight characteristics, monosaccharide composition, and degree of esterification (DE). The study assessed the feasibility of producing biologically active hydrogels with pectin and delved into how the polymer's characteristics affect the properties of the resulting dressings. The structure evaluation of hydrogel materials showed interactions between individual components of the system and their dependence on the type of used pectin. Both the antimicrobial properties and cytotoxicity of the dressings were evaluated. The results suggest that the primary determinants of the functional attributes of the hydrogels are the molecular weight characteristics and the DE of the pectin. As these values rise, there is an increase in polymer-polymer interactions, overshadowing polymer-additive interactions. This intensification strengthens the mechanical and thermal stability of the hydrogels and enhances the release of active components into the surrounding environment. Biological evaluations demonstrated the ability of octenidine to be released from the dressings and effectively inhibit the growth of microbial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fiedot
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 42, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland; Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, Wroclaw 54-066, Poland.
| | - Adam Junka
- Platform for Unique Models Application (PUMA), Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-534 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Malwina Brożyna
- Platform for Unique Models Application (PUMA), Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-534 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Justyna Cybulska
- Bohdan Dobrzański Institute of Agrophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Bohdan Dobrzański Institute of Agrophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland
| | - Olga Kockova
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry CAS, Heyrovského nám. 1888/2, 162 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Krzysztof Lis
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, Wroclaw 54-066, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chomiak
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, Wroclaw 54-066, Poland
| | - Maciej Czajkowski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, Wroclaw 54-066, Poland
| | - Roman Jędrzejewski
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, Wroclaw 54-066, Poland
| | - Konrad Szustakiewicz
- Department of Engineering and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 42, Wroclaw 50-370, Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, Wroclaw 54-066, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, Tenbury Wells, Worcs WR15 8FF, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vandermeulen MD, Lorenz MC, Cullen PJ. Conserved signaling modules regulate filamentous growth in fungi: a model for eukaryotic cell differentiation. Genetics 2024; 228:iyae122. [PMID: 39239926 PMCID: PMC11457945 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyae122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic organisms are composed of different cell types with defined shapes and functions. Specific cell types are produced by the process of cell differentiation, which is regulated by signal transduction pathways. Signaling pathways regulate cell differentiation by sensing cues and controlling the expression of target genes whose products generate cell types with specific attributes. In studying how cells differentiate, fungi have proved valuable models because of their ease of genetic manipulation and striking cell morphologies. Many fungal species undergo filamentous growth-a specialized growth pattern where cells produce elongated tube-like projections. Filamentous growth promotes expansion into new environments, including invasion into plant and animal hosts by fungal pathogens. The same signaling pathways that regulate filamentous growth in fungi also control cell differentiation throughout eukaryotes and include highly conserved mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, which is the focus of this review. In many fungal species, mucin-type sensors regulate MAPK pathways to control filamentous growth in response to diverse stimuli. Once activated, MAPK pathways reorganize cell polarity, induce changes in cell adhesion, and promote the secretion of degradative enzymes that mediate access to new environments. However, MAPK pathway regulation is complicated because related pathways can share components with each other yet induce unique responses (i.e. signal specificity). In addition, MAPK pathways function in highly integrated networks with other regulatory pathways (i.e. signal integration). Here, we discuss signal specificity and integration in several yeast models (mainly Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans) by focusing on the filamentation MAPK pathway. Because of the strong evolutionary ties between species, a deeper understanding of the regulation of filamentous growth in established models and increasingly diverse fungal species can reveal fundamentally new mechanisms underlying eukaryotic cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael C Lorenz
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul J Cullen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260-1300, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shin HY, Kim YS, Shin KS, Han SH, Suh HJ, Yu KW. Effect of rhamnogalacturonan-I-rich polysaccharides isolated from crabapple hydrolysates on IL-1β-induced inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134240. [PMID: 39094865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the structural characteristics and intracellular mechanisms of polysaccharides (MP-PE-I) purified from a crabapple (Malus prunifolia) enzymatic hydrolysate (MP-PE). Activity-guided fractionation revealed that MP-PE-I was the active moiety and significantly reduced the production and gene expression of pro-inflammatory factors in interleukin (IL)-1β-treated intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). Moreover, MP-PE-I downregulated the phosphorylation and nuclear localization of proteins involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways, as evidenced by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analysis. In antagonistic studies with specific inhibitors of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways, IL-6 inhibition was significantly regulated by p38; IL-8 by IκBα, JNK, and p38; and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) by JNK, p38, and ERK. Additionally, MP-PE-I significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of IL-1 receptor type 1. Chemical and structural characteristic analyses showed that MP-PE-I is a polysaccharide rich in rhamnogalacturonan (RG)-I and plays a crucial role in intestinal immunomodulation. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the intestinal immunomodulatory activity, intracellular mechanisms, and structural characteristics of RG-I-rich polysaccharides isolated from crabapples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Shin
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeon Suk Kim
- Major in Food & Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk 27909, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Soon Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Hee Han
- Institute of Human Behavior & Genetics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Won Yu
- Major in Food & Nutrition, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk 27909, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Deng L, Huang G. Preparation, structure and application of polysaccharides from Poria cocos. RSC Adv 2024; 14:31008-31020. [PMID: 39351410 PMCID: PMC11440477 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04005h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos polysaccharides (PCPs) are fungal polysaccharides derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Poria cocos. They are considered an important active ingredient for their pharmacological activity. Herein, the extraction, separation and purification, structure, and application of PCPs are reviewed. Additional research is necessary to fully understand the advanced structure of PCPs, which has implications for their structure-activity relationship. Their application mostly involves the medical industry, with less involvement in other fields. This article highlights the current research status on PCPs in the above-mentioned areas and some problems that need to be solved in future research. Additionally, it points the way for further studies on PCPs in the hopes that they will be more widely and realistically used in various industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laiqing Deng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Gangliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Science and Engineering, Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 401331 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nilson R, Penumutchu S, Pagano FS, Belenky P. Metabolic changes associated with polysaccharide utilization reduce susceptibility to some β-lactams in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. mSphere 2024; 9:e0010324. [PMID: 39109911 PMCID: PMC11351048 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00103-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic therapy alters bacterial abundance and metabolism in the gut microbiome, leading to dysbiosis and opportunistic infections. Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bth) is both a commensal in the gut and an opportunistic pathogen in other body sites. Past work has shown that Bth responds to β-lactam treatment differently depending on the metabolic environment both in vitro and in vivo. Studies of other bacteria show that an increase in respiratory metabolism independent of growth rate promotes susceptibility to bactericidal antibiotics. We propose that Bth enters a protected state linked to an increase in polysaccharide utilization and a decrease in the use of simple sugars. Here, we apply antibiotic susceptibility testing, transcriptomic analysis, and genetic manipulation to characterize this polysaccharide-mediated tolerance (PM tolerance) phenotype. We found that a variety of mono- and disaccharides increased the susceptibility of Bth to several different β-lactams compared to polysaccharides. Transcriptomics indicated a metabolic shift from reductive to oxidative branches of the tricarboxylic acid cycle on polysaccharides. Accordingly, supplementation with intermediates of central carbon metabolism had varying effects on PM tolerance. Transcriptional analysis also showed a decrease in the expression of the electron transport chain (ETC) protein NQR and an increase in the ETC protein NUO, when given fiber versus glucose. Deletion of NQR increased Bth susceptibility while deletion of NUO and a third ETC protein NDH2 had no effect. This work confirms that carbon source utilization modulates antibiotic susceptibility in Bth and that anaerobic respiratory metabolism and the ETC play an essential role.IMPORTANCEAntibiotics are indispensable medications that revolutionized modern medicine. However, their effectiveness is challenged by a large array of resistance and tolerance mechanisms. Treatment with antibiotics also disrupts the gut microbiome which can adversely affect health. Bacteroides are prevalent in the gut microbiome and yet are frequently involved in anaerobic infections. Thus, understanding how antibiotics affect these bacteria is necessary to implement proper treatment. Recent work has investigated the role of metabolism in antibiotic susceptibility in distantly related bacteria such as Escherichia coli. Using antibiotic susceptibility testing, transcriptomics, and genetic manipulation, we demonstrate that polysaccharides reduce β-lactam susceptibility when compared to monosaccharides. This finding underscores the profound impact of metabolic adaptation on the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics. In the long term, this work indicates that modulation of metabolism could make Bacteroides more susceptible during infections or protect them in the context of the microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Nilson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Swathi Penumutchu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Francesco S. Pagano
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Peter Belenky
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang J, Wang H, Chen H, Liu Z, Zhang X, Tang H, Wei S, Zhou W, Yang X, Liu Y, Zhao L, Yuan Q. Structural analysis and in vitro fermentation characteristics of an Avicennia marina fruit RG-I pectin as a potential prebiotic. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 338:122236. [PMID: 38763717 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh. is a highly salt-tolerant mangrove, and its fruit has been traditionally used for treating constipation and dysentery. In this study, a pectin (AMFPs-0-1) was extracted and isolated from this fruit for the first time, its structure was analyzed, and the effects on the human gut microbiota were investigated. The results indicated that AMFPs-0-1 with a molecular weight of 798 kDa had a backbone consisting of alternating →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→ and →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→ residues and side chains composed of →3-α-L-Araf-(1→-linked arabinan with a terminal β-L-Araf, →5-α-L-Araf-(1→-linked arabinan, and →4)-β-D-Galp-(1→-linked galactan that linked to the C-4 positions of all α-L-Rhap residues in the backbone. It belongs to a type I rhamnogalacturonan (RG-I) pectin but has no arabinogalactosyl chains. AMFPs-0-1 could be consumed by human gut microbiota and increase the abundance of some beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium, Mitsuokella, and Megasphaera, which could help fight digestive disorders. These findings provide a structural basis for the potential application of A. marina fruit RG-I pectic polysaccharides in improving human intestinal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Huiqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Huaqun Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Zidong Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Xuedong Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Shiying Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Wangting Zhou
- National R & D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
| | - Xinzhou Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yonghong Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China
| | - Longyan Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China.
| | - Qingxia Yuan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Institute of Marine Drugs, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang P, Wang S, Wang D, Li Y, Yip RCS, Chen H. Postbiotics-peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, exopolysaccharides, surface layer protein and pili proteins-Structure, activity in wounds and their delivery systems. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133195. [PMID: 38885869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wound healing is a pressing global public health concern. Abuse and drug resistance of antibiotics are the key problems in the treatment of chronic wounds at present. Postbiotics are a novel promising strategy. Previous studies have reported that postbiotics have a wide range of biological activities including antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities. However, several aspects related to these postbiotic activities remain unexplored or poorly known. Therefore, this work aims to outline general aspects and emerging trends in the use of postbiotics for wound healing, such as the production, characterization, biological activities and delivery strategies of postbiotics. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the physiological activities and structures of postbiotic biomolecules that contribute to wound healing is provided, such as peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, bacteriocins, exopolysaccharides, surface layer proteins, pili proteins, and secretory proteins (p40 and p75 proteins). Considering the presence of readily degradable components in postbiotics, potential natural polymer delivery materials and delivery systems are emphasized, followed by the potential applications and commercialization prospects of postbiotics. These findings suggest that the treatment of chronic wounds with postbiotic ingredients will help provide new insights into wound healing and better guidance for the development of postbiotic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Shuxin Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Donghui Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, 411 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Ryan Chak Sang Yip
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord St, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada.
| | - Hao Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, No. 180 Wen Hua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Baranowska-Wójcik E, Welc-Stanowska R, Wiącek D, Nawrocka A, Szwajgier D. The interactions of pectin with TiO 2 nanoparticles measured by FT-IR are confirmed in a model of the gastrointestinal tract. Food Res Int 2024; 189:114509. [PMID: 38876586 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
The presence of nanoparticle fractions (<100 nm, NPs) in the food additive TiO2 (E171) rises concerns about its potential harmful impact on human health. The knowledge about the interaction of TiO2 NPs with food components is limited to proteins or polyphenols. The present paper is the first to report on interactions between TiO2 NPs and high molecular pectins that form gels in boluses and are remain nearly intact during digestion until they reach the colon. Direct interactions were studied using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy while indirect ones were monitored by measuring the "absorption" of TiO2 using a 0.2 microfiltration membrane, during in vitro digestion in a model of the gastro-intestinal tract. The FT-IR spectra registered for pectin-TiO2 NPs solutions confirmed changes in band intensities at 1020, 1100, 1610, and 1740 cm-1, suggesting interactions taking place mainly via the COO- groups. Furthermore, the I(1020)/I(1100) ratio was decreased (C-O stretching vibrations), suggesting partial blocking of the skeletal vibrations caused by interactions between pectin and TiO2. The modelled in vitro digestions confirmed that the "availability" of Ti was reduced when TiO2 NPs were combined with pectin, as compared to TiO2 NPs "digested" alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Street 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Renata Welc-Stanowska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Wiącek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Nawrocka
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doswiadczalna 4, 20-290 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dominik Szwajgier
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences, Skromna Street 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kaczmarska A, Pieczywek PM, Cybulska J, Cieśla J, Zdunek A. Structural and rheological properties of diluted alkali soluble pectin from apple and carrot. Food Chem 2024; 446:138869. [PMID: 38428075 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Pectin, a complex polysaccharide found in plant cell walls, plays a crucial role in various industries due to its functional properties. The diluted alkali-soluble pectin (DASP) fractions that result from the stepwise extraction of apples and carrots were studied to evaluate their structural and rheological properties. Homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan I, in different proportions, were the main pectin domains that composed DASP from both materials. Atomic force microscopy revealed that the molecules of apple DASP were longer and more branched. A persistence length greater than 40 nm indicated that the pectin molecules deposited on mica behaved as stiff molecules. The weight-averaged molar mass was similar for both samples. Intrinsic viscosity values of 194.91 mL·g-1 and 186.79 mL·g-1 were obtained for apple and carrot DASP, respectively. Rheological measurements showed greater structural strength for apple-extracted pectin, whereas carrot pectin was characterized by a higher linear viscoelasticity limit. This comparison showed that the pectin fractions extracted by diluted alkali are structurally different and have different rheological properties depending on their botanical origin. The acquired insights can enhance the customized use of pectin residue and support further investigations in industries relying on pectin applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Kaczmarska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-270 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr M Pieczywek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-270 Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Cybulska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-270 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Cieśla
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-270 Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-270 Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kanniyappan H, Gnanasekar V, Parise V, Debnath K, Sun Y, Thakur S, Thakur G, Perumal G, Kumar R, Wang R, Merchant A, Sriram R, Mathew MT. Harnessing extracellular vesicles-mediated signaling for enhanced bone regeneration: novel insights into scaffold design. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:10.1088/1748-605X/ad5ba9. [PMID: 38917828 PMCID: PMC11305091 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad5ba9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of bone replacements and complications associated with bone replacement procedures underscores the need for innovative tissue restoration approaches. Existing synthetic grafts cannot fully replicate bone vascularization and mechanical characteristics. This study introduces a novel strategy utilizing pectin, chitosan, and polyvinyl alcohol to create interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) scaffolds incorporated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). We assess the osteointegration and osteoconduction abilities of these modelsin vitrousing hMSCs and MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. Additionally, we confirm exosome properties through Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), immunoblotting, and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS).In vivo, chick allantoic membrane assay investigates vascularization characteristics. The study did not includein vivoanimal experiments. Our results demonstrate that the IPN scaffold is highly porous and interconnected, potentially suitable for bone implants. EVs, approximately 100 nm in size, enhance cell survival, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and the expression of osteogenic genes. EVs-mediated IPN scaffolds demonstrate promise as precise drug carriers, enabling customized treatments for bone-related conditions and regeneration efforts. Therefore, the EVs-mediated IPN scaffolds demonstrate promise as precise carriers for the transport of drugs, allowing for customized treatments for conditions connected to bone and efforts in regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hemalatha Kanniyappan
- Regeneratve Medicine and Disability Research Laboratory (RMDR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, IL, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Varun Gnanasekar
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Vincent Parise
- Regeneratve Medicine and Disability Research Laboratory (RMDR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, IL, United States of America
| | - Koushik Debnath
- College of Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Yani Sun
- Department of Material Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Shriya Thakur
- Regeneratve Medicine and Disability Research Laboratory (RMDR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, IL, United States of America
| | - Gitika Thakur
- Regeneratve Medicine and Disability Research Laboratory (RMDR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, IL, United States of America
| | - Govindaraj Perumal
- Regeneratve Medicine and Disability Research Laboratory (RMDR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, IL, United States of America
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, India
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT), Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Aftab Merchant
- Regeneratve Medicine and Disability Research Laboratory (RMDR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, IL, United States of America
| | - Ravindran Sriram
- College of Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Mathew T Mathew
- Regeneratve Medicine and Disability Research Laboratory (RMDR), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Rockford, IL, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yu J, Del Mundo JT, Freychet G, Zhernenkov M, Schaible E, Gomez EW, Gomez ED, Cosgrove DJ. Dynamic Structural Change of Plant Epidermal Cell Walls under Strain. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311832. [PMID: 38386283 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The molecular foundations of epidermal cell wall mechanics are critical for understanding structure-function relationships of primary cell walls in plants and facilitating the design of bioinspired materials. To uncover the molecular mechanisms regulating the high extensibility and strength of the cell wall, the onion epidermal wall is stretched uniaxially to various strains and cell wall structures from mesoscale to atomic scale are characterized. Upon longitudinal stretching to high strain, epidermal walls contract in the transverse direction, resulting in a reduced area. Atomic force microscopy shows that cellulose microfibrils exhibit orientation-dependent rearrangements at high strains: longitudinal microfibrils are straightened out and become highly ordered, while transverse microfibrils curve and kink. Small-angle X-ray scattering detects a 7.4 nm spacing aligned along the stretch direction at high strain, which is attributed to distances between individual cellulose microfibrils. Furthermore, wide-angle X-ray scattering reveals a widening of (004) lattice spacing and contraction of (200) lattice spacing in longitudinally aligned cellulose microfibrils at high strain, which implies longitudinal stretching of the cellulose crystal. These findings provide molecular insights into the ability of the wall to bear additional load after yielding: the aggregation of longitudinal microfibrils impedes sliding and enables further stretching of the cellulose to bear increased loads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Yu
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Joshua T Del Mundo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Guillaume Freychet
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Mikhail Zhernenkov
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Eric Schaible
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Esther W Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Enrique D Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Daniel J Cosgrove
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Saberi Riseh R, Gholizadeh Vazvani M, Taheri A, Kennedy JF. Pectin-associated immune responses in plant-microbe interactions: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:132790. [PMID: 38823736 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the role of pectin, a complex polysaccharide found in the plant cell wall, in mediating immune responses during interactions between plants and microbes. The objectives of this study were to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying pectin-mediated immune responses and to understand how these interactions shape plant-microbe communication. Pectin acts as a signaling molecule, triggering immune responses such as the production of antimicrobial compounds, reinforcement of the cell wall, and activation of defense-related genes. Pectin functions as a target for pathogen-derived enzymes, enabling successful colonization by certain microbial species. The document discusses the complexity of pectin-based immune signaling networks and their modulation by various factors, including pathogen effectors and host proteins. It also emphasizes the importance of understanding the crosstalk between pectin-mediated immunity and other defense pathways to develop strategies for enhancing plant resistance against diseases. The insights gained from this study have implications for the development of innovative approaches to enhance crop protection and disease management in agriculture. Further investigations into the components and mechanisms involved in pectin-mediated immunity will pave the way for future advancements in plant-microbe interaction research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Mozhgan Gholizadeh Vazvani
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Taheri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, University of agricultural Sciences and natural resources of Gorgan, Iran.
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gu C, Kong L, Zhang X, Wang X, Dong M, Yang D, Li J, Hu X, Hao X, Liu X, Yang Q. Effects of black bean cell wall pectin by exogenous calcium ions: Insight into the metabolomics, physicochemical properties and anti-digestive capacity. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133127. [PMID: 38876245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
In this work, the metabolomics, physicochemical and in vitro digestion properties of black beans influenced by different calcium ion solutions (0, 0.5 %, 1 %, and 2 %) were explored. The addition of calcium ions had a significant effect on the metabolic processing of black beans, including 16 differential metabolites and 4 metabolic pathways related to the cell wall. From the results of FT-IR and ICP-OES, it was confirmed that calcium ions can interact with COO- in non-methylated galacturonic acid in pectin to form calcium carboxylate strengthening the middle lamellae of the cell wall. Based on this mechanism, the soaked beans with an intact and dense cell structure were verified by the analyses of SEM and CLSM. Compared with other soaked beans, BB-2 exhibited lower cell permeability with electrical conductivity value decreased to 0.60 μs·cm-1. Additionally, BB-2 demonstrated slower digestion properties with digestion rate coefficient at 0.0020 min-1 and digestion extent only at 30.83 %, which is attributed to its increasingly compact cell wall and densely cellular matrix. This study illustrates the effect of calcium ions on the cellular structure of black beans, providing an effective process method for low glycemic index diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenqi Gu
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, P. R. China
| | - Lu Kong
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, P. R. China
| | - Xiling Zhang
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Dong
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, P. R. China
| | - Xiufa Hu
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Hao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, P. R. China
| | - Xinnan Liu
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, P. R. China.
| | - Qingyu Yang
- College of Grain Science and Technology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, P. R. China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Typical Grain and Oil Processing and Quality Control, Shenyang 110034, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yu A, Hu W, Bi H, Fu L, Wang Z, Wang M, Kuang H. Recent Advances in Polysaccharides from Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai.: Extraction, Purification, Structural Characteristics, Health Benefits, and Applications. Molecules 2024; 29:2984. [PMID: 38998935 PMCID: PMC11242938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29132984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This article systematically reviews the extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics, structure-activity relationship, and health benefits of C. speciosa polysaccharides, and their potential application in food, medicine, functional products, and feed, in order to provide a useful reference for future research. Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai. has attracted the attention of health consumers and medical researchers as a traditional Chinese medicine with edible, medicinal, and nutritional benefits. According to this study, C. speciosa polysaccharides have significant health benefits, such as anti-diaetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-tumor, and immunomodulatory effects. Researchers determined the molecular weight, structural characteristics, and monosaccharide composition and ratio of C. speciosa polysaccharides by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. This study will lay a solid foundation for further optimization of the extraction process of C. speciosa polysaccharides and the development of their products. As an active ingredient with high value, C. speciosa polysaccharides are worthy of further study and full development. C. speciosa polysaccharides should be further explored in the future, to innovate their extraction methods, enrich their types and biological activities, and lay a solid foundation for further research and development of products containing polysaccharides that are beneficial to the human body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Meng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150400, China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150400, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu CL, Liao JS, Wang JM, Qi JR. Gelation behavior and mechanism of low methoxyl pectin in the presence of erythritol and sucrose: The role of co-solutes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132261. [PMID: 38744367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Co-solutes such as sucrose and sugar alcohol play a significant part in low methoxyl pectin (LMP) gelation. To explore their gelation mechanism, we investigated the gelation behavior of LMP in the presence of erythritol and sucrose with Ca2+. Results revealed that the introduction of erythritol and sucrose improved the hardness of the gels, fixed more free water, accelerated the rate of gel structuring, and enhanced the gel strength. FT-IR confirmed the reinforced hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces between the pectin chains after introducing co-solutes. And it could be observed clearly by SEM that the cross-linking density of gel network enhanced with co-solutes. Furthermore, gel disruption experiments suggested the presence of ionic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic forces in LMP gels. Finally, we concluded that the egg-box regions cross-linked only by LMP and Ca2+ were too weak to form a stable gel network structure. Adding co-solutes could increase the amount of cross-linking between pectin chains and enlarge the cross-linking zones, which favored the formation of a dense gel network by more hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces. Sucrose gels had superior physicochemical properties and microstructure than erythritol gels due to sucrose's excellent hydration capacity and chemical structure characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Liao
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Lemon (Guangzhou City) Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jin-Mei Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jun-Ru Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Huang K, Wang L, Deng Y, Zheng H, Wu S, Li Z, Lei H, Yu Q, Guo Z. Development of amine-sensitive intelligent film with MIL-100(Fe) as function filler based on anthocyanins/pectin for monitoring chilled meat freshness. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132463. [PMID: 38772460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
To enhance the amine-sensitivity of intelligent films for accurate monitoring of chilled meat freshness, different additions (0, 1, 2, 3 wt%) of MIL-100(Fe) were incorporated into the matrix composed of anthocyanins (ANs) and pectin (P). Results indicated that the tensile strength, thermal stability, barrier performance and absorption capacity of the films with MIL-100(Fe) were improved significantly (p < 0.05). Especially, the film with 2 % MIL-100(Fe) exhibited the best performance due to its compact structure and the highest crystallinity. Additionally, adsorption isotherms of the films with MIL-100(Fe) were fitted on the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm, and adsorption kinetics were fitted on the pseudo-second-order model and Elovich model, respectively (R2 > 0.96), suggesting a combined mechanism of chemisorption and intraparticle diffusion. Besides, when the films were exposed in ammonia environment, they changed color from purple to blue-violet, finally to green. Ultimately, film with 2 % MIL-100(Fe) was used to monitor the chilled meat freshness, as expected, similar color variation was observed at three stages of meat freshness (fresh, sub-fresh, and spoiled), which enabled the accurate differentiation of meat freshness. Thus, films with MIL-100(Fe) demonstrated the potential to be amine-sensitive intelligent packaging for monitoring chilled meat freshness in real time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Food Science, China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yiheng Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Food Science, China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hua Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Food Science, China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaozong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Food Science, China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhaodong Li
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Food Science, China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qunli Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zonglin Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; College of Food Science, China, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kaczmarska A, Pieczywek PM, Cybulska J, Zdunek A. Effect of enzymatic modification on the structure and rheological properties of diluted alkali-soluble pectin fraction rich in RG-I. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11454. [PMID: 38769105 PMCID: PMC11106296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on pectin covalently linked in cell walls from two sources, apples and carrots, that was extracted using diluted alkali, and it describes changes in the rheological properties of diluted alkali-soluble pectin (DASP) due to enzymatic treatment. Given DASP's richness of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), RG-I acetyl esterase (RGAE), rhamnogalacturonan endolyase (RGL), and arabinofuranosidase (ABF) were employed in various combinations for targeted degradation of RG-I pectin chains. Enzymatic degradations were followed by structural studies of pectin molecules using atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well as measurements of rheological and spectral properties. AFM imaging revealed a significant increase in the length of branched molecules after incubation with ABF, suggesting that arabinose side chains limit RG-I aggregation. Structural modifications were confirmed by changes in the intensity of bands in the pectin fingerprint and anomeric region on Fourier transform infrared spectra. ABF treatment led to a decrease in the stability of pectic gels, while the simultaneous use of ABF, RGAE, and RGL enzymes did not increase the degree of aggregation compared to the control sample. These findings suggest that the association of pectin chains within the DASP fraction may rely significantly on intermolecular interactions. Two mechanisms are proposed, which involve side chains as short-range attachment points or an extended linear homogalacturonan conformation favoring inter-chain interactions over self-association.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Kaczmarska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-270, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr M Pieczywek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-270, Lublin, Poland
| | - Justyna Cybulska
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-270, Lublin, Poland
| | - Artur Zdunek
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-270, Lublin, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhu S, Dou W, Zeng X, Chen X, Gao Y, Liu H, Li S. Recent Advances in the Degradability and Applications of Tissue Adhesives Based on Biodegradable Polymers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5249. [PMID: 38791286 PMCID: PMC11121545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In clinical practice, tissue adhesives have emerged as an alternative tool for wound treatments due to their advantages in ease of use, rapid application, less pain, and minimal tissue damage. Since most tissue adhesives are designed for internal use or wound treatments, the biodegradation of adhesives is important. To endow tissue adhesives with biodegradability, in the past few decades, various biodegradable polymers, either natural polymers (such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, chondroitin sulfate, starch, sodium alginate, glucans, pectin, functional proteins, and peptides) or synthetic polymers (such as poly(lactic acid), polyurethanes, polycaprolactone, and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)), have been utilized to develop novel biodegradable tissue adhesives. Incorporated biodegradable polymers are degraded in vivo with time under specific conditions, leading to the destruction of the structure and the further degradation of tissue adhesives. In this review, we first summarize the strategies of utilizing biodegradable polymers to develop tissue adhesives. Furthermore, we provide a symmetric overview of the biodegradable polymers used for tissue adhesives, with a specific focus on the degradability and applications of these tissue adhesives. Additionally, the challenges and perspectives of biodegradable polymer-based tissue adhesives are discussed. We expect that this review can provide new inspirations for the design of novel biodegradable tissue adhesives for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhuang Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Wenguang Dou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiaojun Zeng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xingchao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yonglin Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Sidi Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Molina A, Jordá L, Torres MÁ, Martín-Dacal M, Berlanga DJ, Fernández-Calvo P, Gómez-Rubio E, Martín-Santamaría S. Plant cell wall-mediated disease resistance: Current understanding and future perspectives. MOLECULAR PLANT 2024; 17:699-724. [PMID: 38594902 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Beyond their function as structural barriers, plant cell walls are essential elements for the adaptation of plants to environmental conditions. Cell walls are dynamic structures whose composition and integrity can be altered in response to environmental challenges and developmental cues. These wall changes are perceived by plant sensors/receptors to trigger adaptative responses during development and upon stress perception. Plant cell wall damage caused by pathogen infection, wounding, or other stresses leads to the release of wall molecules, such as carbohydrates (glycans), that function as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). DAMPs are perceived by the extracellular ectodomains (ECDs) of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance. Similarly, glycans released from the walls and extracellular layers of microorganisms interacting with plants are recognized as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) by specific ECD-PRRs triggering PTI responses. The number of oligosaccharides DAMPs/MAMPs identified that are perceived by plants has increased in recent years. However, the structural mechanisms underlying glycan recognition by plant PRRs remain limited. Currently, this knowledge is mainly focused on receptors of the LysM-PRR family, which are involved in the perception of various molecules, such as chitooligosaccharides from fungi and lipo-chitooligosaccharides (i.e., Nod/MYC factors from bacteria and mycorrhiza, respectively) that trigger differential physiological responses. Nevertheless, additional families of plant PRRs have recently been implicated in oligosaccharide/polysaccharide recognition. These include receptor kinases (RKs) with leucine-rich repeat and Malectin domains in their ECDs (LRR-MAL RKs), Catharanthus roseus RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE group (CrRLK1L) with Malectin-like domains in their ECDs, as well as wall-associated kinases, lectin-RKs, and LRR-extensins. The characterization of structural basis of glycans recognition by these new plant receptors will shed light on their similarities with those of mammalians involved in glycan perception. The gained knowledge holds the potential to facilitate the development of sustainable, glycan-based crop protection solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Molina
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lucía Jordá
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel Ángel Torres
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Martín-Dacal
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego José Berlanga
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain; Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaría y de Biosistemas, UPM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Fernández-Calvo
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Pozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid), Spain
| | - Elena Gómez-Rubio
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonsoles Martín-Santamaría
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Delmer D, Dixon RA, Keegstra K, Mohnen D. The plant cell wall-dynamic, strong, and adaptable-is a natural shapeshifter. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1257-1311. [PMID: 38301734 PMCID: PMC11062476 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Mythology is replete with good and evil shapeshifters, who, by definition, display great adaptability and assume many different forms-with several even turning themselves into trees. Cell walls certainly fit this definition as they can undergo subtle or dramatic changes in structure, assume many shapes, and perform many functions. In this review, we cover the evolution of knowledge of the structures, biosynthesis, and functions of the 5 major cell wall polymer types that range from deceptively simple to fiendishly complex. Along the way, we recognize some of the colorful historical figures who shaped cell wall research over the past 100 years. The shapeshifter analogy emerges more clearly as we examine the evolving proposals for how cell walls are constructed to allow growth while remaining strong, the complex signaling involved in maintaining cell wall integrity and defense against disease, and the ways cell walls adapt as they progress from birth, through growth to maturation, and in the end, often function long after cell death. We predict the next century of progress will include deciphering cell type-specific wall polymers; regulation at all levels of polymer production, crosslinks, and architecture; and how walls respond to developmental and environmental signals to drive plant success in diverse environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Delmer
- Section of Plant Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Kenneth Keegstra
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Debra Mohnen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sirén H. Research of saccharides and related biocomplexes: A review with recent techniques and applications. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2300668. [PMID: 38699940 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Saccharides and biocompounds as saccharide (sugar) complexes have various roles and biological functions in living organisms due to modifications via nucleophilic substitution, polymerization, and complex formation reactions. Mostly, mono-, di-, oligo-, and polysaccharides are stabilized to inactive glycosides, which are formed in metabolic pathways. Natural saccharides are important in food and environmental monitoring. Glycosides with various functionalities are significant in clinical and medical research. Saccharides are often studied with the chromatographic methods of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and anion exchange chromatograpy, but also with capillary electrophoresis and mass spectrometry with their on-line coupling systems. Sample preparation is important in the identification of saccharide compounds. The cases discussed here focus on bioscience, clinical, and food applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heli Sirén
- Chemicum Building, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang W, Lin L, Zhao M. Simultaneously efficient dissolution and structural modification of chrysanthemum pectin: Targeting at proliferation of Bacteroides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131469. [PMID: 38604432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Pectic polysaccharide is a bioactive ingredient in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. 'Hangbaiju' (CMH), but the high proportion of HG domain limited its use as a prebiotic. In this study, hot water, cellulase-assisted, medium-temperature alkali, and deep eutectic solvent extraction strategies were firstly used to extract pectin from CMH (CMHP). CMHP obtained by cellulase-assisted extraction had high purity and strong ability to promote the proliferation of Bacteroides and mixed probiotics. However, 4 extraction strategies led to general high proportion of HG domain in CMHPs. To further enhance the dissolution and prebiotic potential of CMHP, pectinase was used alone and combined with cellulase. The key factor for the optimal extraction was enzymolysis by cellulase and pectinase in a mass ratio of 3:1 at 1 % (w/w) dosage. The optimal CMHP had high yield (15.15 %), high content of total sugar, and Bacteroides proliferative activity superior to inulin, which was probably due to the cooperation of complex enzyme on the destruction of cell wall and pectin structural modification for raised RG-I domain (80.30 %) with relatively high degree of branching and moderate HG domain. This study provided a green strategy for extraction of RG-I enriched prebiotic pectin from plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510641, China.
| | - Mouming Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510641, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen ZH, Yuan XH, Tu TT, Wang L, Mao YH, Luo Y, Qiu SY, Song AX. Characterization and prebiotic potential of polysaccharides from Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace by ultrasound-assisted extraction. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131910. [PMID: 38679267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In this study, polysaccharides (RRTPs) were extracted from Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace by hot water or ultrasound (US)-assisted extraction. The structural properties and potential prebiotic functions of RRTPs were investigated. Structural characterization was conducted through HPAEC, HPGPC, GC-MS, FT-IR and SEM. Chemical composition analysis revealed that RRTPs extracted by hot water (RRTP-HW) or US with shorter (RRTP-US-S) or longer duration (RRTP-US-L) all consisted of galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, arabinose, rhamnose and glucuronic acid in various molar ratio. US extraction caused notable reduction in molecular weight of RRTPs but no significant changes in primary structures. Fecal fermentation showed RRTPs could reshape microbial composition toward a healthier balance, leading to a higher production of beneficial metabolites including total short-chain fatty acids, curcumin, noopept, spermidine, 3-feruloylquinic acid and citrulline. More beneficial shifts in bacterial population were observed in RRTP-HW group, while RRTP-US-S had stronger ability to stimulate bacterial short-chain fatty acids production. Additionally, metabolic profiles with the intervention of RRTP-HW, RRTP-US-S or RRTP-US-L were significantly different from each other. The results suggested RRTPs had potential prebiotic effects which could be modified by power US via molecular weight degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Tu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yu-Heng Mao
- School of Exercise and Health, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China
| | - You Luo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Shu-Yi Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Ang-Xin Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China..
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wu CL, Liu ZW, Liao JS, Qi JR. Effect of enzymatic de-esterification and RG-I degradation of high methoxyl pectin (HMP) on sugar-acid gel properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130724. [PMID: 38479656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The influence of RG-I domains on high methoxyl pectin (HMP) sugar-acid gel properties has rarely been reported. In our work, HMP was modified by enzymatic de-esterification and degradation of RG-I domains to compare and analyze the relationship between the structure and final sugar-acid gel properties. The results showed that the degree of esterification (DE) of REP (pectin degraded by rhamnosidase) and GEP (pectin debranched by galactosidase) was the same as that of untreated HMP, whereas the DE of PMEP (pectin de-esterified by pectin methyl esterase) decreased from 59.63 % to 54.69 %. The monosaccharide composition suggested no significant changes in the HG and RG-I structural domains of PMEP. In contrast, the percentage of RG-I structural domains of REP and GEP dropped from 37 % to about 28 %, accompanied by a reduction in the proportion of the RG-I backbones and side chains. The rheological characterization of sugar-acid gels demonstrated an enhanced gel grade for PMEP and a weakened one for REP and GEP. Moreover, we constructed a correlation relationship between the fine structure of pectin and the properties of the sugar-acid gels, confirming the critical contribution of the RG-I region (especially the neutral sugar side chains) to the HMP sugar-acid gels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lin Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Zi-Wei Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jin-Song Liao
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Lemon (Guangzhou City) Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jun-Ru Qi
- National Engineering Research Center of Wheat and Corn Further Processing, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li Z, Zhang Z, Ding J, Li Y, Cao G, Zhu L, Bian Y, Liu Y. Extraction, structure and bioactivities of polysaccharide from root of Arctium lappa L.: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:131035. [PMID: 38518934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Arctium lappa L. root is a well-known Chinese medicine with high medicinal and food values. Arctium lappa L. root polysaccharide (ALP), as the main component and bioactive substance, has a variety of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antithrombotic, immunomodulatory activity and improvement of intestinal flora. The biological activities of polysaccharides are closely related to their structures, and different extraction and purification methods will yield different polysaccharide structures. As a kind of natural polysaccharide, ALP has a broad application prospect in drug carrier. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress on the extraction, purification, structural characterization, biological activities, structure-activity relationship and drug carrier application of ALP, in order to provide basic reference for the development and application of medical and health care value. At the same time, the shortcomings of ALP research are discussed in depth, and the potential development prospect and future research direction are prospected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jie Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Guiyun Cao
- Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Company, Ltd, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lihao Zhu
- Sishui Siheyuan Culture and Tourism Development Company, Ltd., Sishui 273200, China
| | - Yifei Bian
- Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.
| | - Yuhong Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Sishui Siheyuan Culture and Tourism Development Company, Ltd., Sishui 273200, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fan CY, Yu XF, Liu YJ, Zeng XX, Luo FW, Wang XT, Yang X, Wang XY, Xue X, Yang LJ, Lei T, Jiang MY, Jiang BB, Gao SP, Li X. Methyl jasmonate regulation of pectin polysaccharides in Cosmos bipinnatus roots: A mechanistic insight into alleviating cadmium toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123503. [PMID: 38331243 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), a crucial phytohormone, which plays an important role in resistance to Cadmium (Cd) stress. The cell wall (CW) of root system is the main location of Cd and plays a key role in resistance to Cd toxicity. However, the mechanism effect of MeJA on the CW composition and Cd accumulation remain unclear. In this study, the contribution of MeJA in regulating CW structure, pectin composition and Cd accumulation was investigated in Cosmos bipinnatus. Phenotypic results affirm MeJA's significant role in reducing Cd-induced toxicity in C. bipinnatus. Notably, MeJA exerts a dual impact, reducing Cd uptake in roots while increasing Cd accumulation in the CW, particularly bound to pectin. The molecular structure of pectin, mainly uronic acid (UA), correlates positively with Cd content, consistent in HC1 and cellulose, emphasizing UA as pivotal for Cd binding. Furthermore, MeJA modulates pectin methylesterase (PME) activity under Cd stress, influencing pectin's molecular structure and homogalacturonan (HG) content affecting Cd-binding capacity. Chelate-soluble pectin (CSP) within soluble pectins accumulates a substantial Cd proportion, with MeJA regulating both UA content and the minor component 3-deoxy-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo) in CSP. The study delves into the intricate regulation of pectin monosaccharide composition under Cd stress, revealing insights into the CW's physical defense and Cd binding. In summary, this research provides novel insights into MeJA-specific mechanisms alleviating Cd toxicity in C. bipinnatus, shedding light on complex interactions between MeJA, and Cd accumulation in CW pectin polysaccharide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Fan
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Yu-Jia Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Zeng
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Fu-Wen Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xian-Tong Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao Xue
- Triticeae Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Li-Juan Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ting Lei
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ming-Yan Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bei-Bei Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Su-Ping Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xi Li
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xu M, Hu J, Li H, Li K, Xu D. Research overview on the genetic mechanism underlying the biosynthesis of polysaccharide in tuber plants. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17052. [PMID: 38464751 PMCID: PMC10924778 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuber plants are of great significance in the world as human food crops. Polysaccharides, important metabolites in tuber plants, also serve as a source of innovative drugs with significant pharmacological effects. These drugs are particularly known for their immunomodulation and antitumor properties. To fully exploit the potential value of tuber plant polysaccharides and establish a synthetic system for their targeted synthesis, it is crucial to dissect their metabolic processes and genetic regulatory mechanisms. In this article, we provide a comprehensive summary of the basic pathways involved in the synthesis of various types of tuber plant polysaccharides. We also outline the key research progress that has been made in this area in recent years. We classify the main types and functions of tuber plant polysaccharides and analyze the biosynthetic processes and genetic regulation mechanisms of key enzymes involved in the metabolic pathways of starch, cellulose, pectin, and fructan in tuber plants. We have identified hexokinase and glycosyltransferase as the key enzymes involved in the polysaccharide synthesis process. By elucidating the synthesis pathway of polysaccharides in tuber plants and understanding the underlying mechanism of action of key enzymes in the metabolic pathway, we can provide a theoretical framework for enhancing the yield of polysaccharides and other metabolites in plant culture cells. This will ultimately lead to increased production efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Xu
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Kunqian Li
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Delin Xu
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Provincial Demonstration Center of Basic Medical Experimental Teaching, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gaikwad D, Sutar R, Patil D. Polysaccharide mediated nanodrug delivery: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129547. [PMID: 38278399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides have drawn a lot of attention due to their potential as carriers for drugs and other bioactive chemicals. In drug delivery systems, natural macromolecules such as polysaccharides are widely utilized as polymers. This utilization extends to various polysaccharides employed in the development of nanoparticles for medicinal administration, with the goal of enhancing therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects. This study not only offers an overview of the existing challenges faced by these materials but also provides detailed information on key polysaccharides expertly engineered into nanoparticles. Noteworthy examples include Bael Fruit Gum, Guar Gum, Pectin, Agar, Cellulose, Alginate, Chitin, and Gum Acacia, each selected for their distinctive properties and strategically integrated into nanoparticles. The exploration of these natural macromolecules illuminates their diverse applications and underscores their potential as effective carriers in drug delivery systems. By delving into the unique attributes of each polysaccharide, this review aims to contribute valuable insights to the ongoing advancements in nanomedicine and pharmaceutical technologies. The overarching objective of this review research is to assess the utilization and comprehension of polysaccharides in nanoapplications, further striving to promote their continued integration in contemporary therapeutics and industrial practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinanath Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra State 416013, India.
| | - Ravina Sutar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra State 416013, India
| | - Dhanashri Patil
- Department of Quality Assurance, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra State 416013, India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kim KH, Lim SH, Hwang JH, Lee J. Inhibition of Glial Activation and Subsequent Reduction in White Matter Damage through Supplementation with a Combined Extract of Wheat Bran, Citrus Peel, and Jujube in a Rat Model of Vascular Dementia. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1485-1502. [PMID: 38392214 PMCID: PMC10888096 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. In our previous studies, we showed that wheat bran extract (WBE) reduced white matter damage in a rat VaD model and improved memory in a human clinical trial. However, starch gelatinization made the large-scale preparation of WBE difficult. To simplify the manufacturing process and increase efficacy, we attempted to find a decoction containing an optimum ratio of wheat bran, sliced citrus peel, and sliced jujube (WCJ). To find an optimal ratio, the cell survival of C6 (rat glioma) cultured under hypoxic conditions (1% O2) was measured, and apoptosis was assessed. To confirm the efficacies of the optimized WCJ for VaD, pupillary light reflex, white matter damage, and the activation of astrocytes and microglia were assessed in a rat model of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) causing chronic hypoperfusion. Using a combination of both searching the literature and cell survival experiments, we chose 6:2:1 as the optimal ratio of wheat bran to sliced citrus peel to sliced jujube to prepare WCJ. We showed that phytic acid contained only in wheat bran can be used as an indicator component for the quality control of WCJ. We observed in vitro that the WCJ treatment improved cell survival by reducing apoptosis through an increase in the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. In the BCCAO experiments, the WCJ-supplemented diet prevented astrocytic and microglial activation, mitigated myelin damage in the corpus callosum and optic tract, and, consequently, improved pupillary light reflex at dosages over 100 mg/kg/day. The results suggest that the consumption of WCJ can prevent VaD by reducing white matter damage, and WCJ can be developed as a safe, herbal medicine to prevent VaD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hong Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42105, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Ha Lim
- DigmBio, Inc., Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Hwang
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42105, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Núñez-Gómez V, Jesús Periago M, Luis Ordóñez-Díaz J, Pereira-Caro G, Manuel Moreno-Rojas J, González-Barrio R. Dietary fibre fractions rich in (poly)phenols from orange by-products and their metabolisation by in vitro digestion and colonic fermentation. Food Res Int 2024; 177:113718. [PMID: 38225107 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Orange peel is an interesting by-product because of its composition, particularly its dietary fibre and flavanones. The aim of this work was to extract different fibre fractions from orange peel to obtain potential added-value ingredients and evaluate how the presence of fibre may interfere with (poly)phenol metabolism. Using an aqueous extraction, as a green extraction method, an insoluble fibre fraction (IFF) and a water-soluble extract (WSE) were obtained. Those fractions were analysed to determine the proximate and dietary fibre composition, hydration properties, (poly)phenol composition and antioxidant capacity, comparing the results with the orange peel (OP). The IFF presented the highest content of insoluble dietary fibre and the WSE showed the highest content of (poly)phenols, these being mainly flavanones. An in vitro faecal fermentation was carried out to evaluate the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lactate as prebiotic indicators; the IFF gave the highest production, derived from the greater presence of dietary fibre. Moreover, catabolites from (poly)phenol metabolism were also analysed, phenylpropanoic acids being the major ones, followed by phenylacetic acids and benzoic acids. These catabolites were found in higher quantities in WSE, because of the greater presence of (poly)phenols in its composition. IFF also showed a significant production of these catabolites, which was delayed by the greater presence of fibre. These results reveal that the new ingredients, obtained by an environmentally friendly water extraction procedure, could be used for the development of new foods with enhanced nutritional and healthy properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Núñez-Gómez
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - María Jesús Periago
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - José Luis Ordóñez-Díaz
- Area of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Gema Pereira-Caro
- Area of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Foods for Health Group, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Moreno-Rojas
- Area of Agroindustry and Food Quality, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Alameda del Obispo, Avda. Menéndez-Pidal, 14004 Córdoba, Spain; Foods for Health Group, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rocío González-Barrio
- Department of Food Technology, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU), University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Murcia, 30100, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Li L, Xie J, Zhang Z, Xia B, Li Y, Lin Y, Li M, Wu P, Lin L. Recent advances in medicinal and edible homologous plant polysaccharides: Preparation, structure and prevention and treatment of diabetes. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128873. [PMID: 38141704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal and edible homologs (MEHs) can be used in medicine and food. The National Health Commission announced that a total of 103 kinds of medicinal and edible homologous plants (MEHPs) would be available by were available in 2023. Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become the third most common chronic metabolic disease that seriously threatens human health worldwide. Polysaccharides, the main component isolated from MEHPs, have significant antidiabetic effects with few side effects. Based on a literature search, this paper summarizes the preparation methods, structural characterization, and antidiabetic functions and mechanisms of MEHPs polysaccharides (MEHPPs). Specifically, MEHPPs mainly regulate PI3K/Akt, AMPK, cAMP/PKA, Nrf2/Keap1, NF-κB, MAPK and other signaling pathways to promote insulin secretion and release, improve glycolipid metabolism, inhibit the inflammatory response, decrease oxidative stress and regulate intestinal flora. Among them, 16 kinds of MEHPPs were found to have obvious anti-diabetic effects. This article reviews the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications by MEHPPs and provides a basis for the development of safe and effective MEHPP-derived health products and new drugs to prevent and treat diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Jingchen Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Bohou Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yamei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Yan Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Minjie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China
| | - Ping Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China.
| | - Limei Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kumari N, Kumar M, Radha, Rais N, Puri S, Sharma K, Natta S, Dhumal S, Damale RD, Kumar S, Senapathy M, Deshmukh SV, Anitha T, Prabhu T, Shenbagavalli S, Balamurugan V, Lorenzo JM, Kennedy JF. Exploring apple pectic polysaccharides: Extraction, characterization, and biological activities - A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 255:128011. [PMID: 37951444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Apple (Malus domestica) is a popular and ancient fruit of the Myrtaceae family. Apple fruit is well-known for its great nutritional and phytochemical content consisted of beneficial compounds such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, sterols, and organic acids. Polysaccharides extracted from different parts of the apple fruit, including the peel, pomace, or the whole fruit, have been extensively studied. Researchers have investigated the structural characteristics of these polysaccharides, such as molecular weight, type of monosaccharide unit, type of linkage and its position and arrangement. Besides this, functional properties and physicochemical and of apple polysaccharides have also been studied, along with the effects of extraction procedures, storage, and processing on cell wall polysaccharides. Various extraction techniques, including hot water extraction, enzymatic extraction, and solvent-assisted extraction, have been studied. From the findings, it was evident that apple polysaccharides are mainly composed of (1 → 3), (1 → 6): α-β-glycosidic linkage. Moreover, the apple polysaccharides were demonstrated to exhibit antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-cancer, hypoilipidemic, and enzyme inhibitory properties in vitro and in vivo. The potential applications of apple polysaccharides in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical industries have also been explored in the present review. Overall, the research on apple polysaccharides highlights their significant potential as a source of biologically active compounds with various health benefits and practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumari
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India.
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Nadeem Rais
- Department of Pharmacy, Bhagwant University, Ajmer, Rajasthan 305004, India
| | - Sunil Puri
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India
| | - Kanika Sharma
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, 400019, India
| | - Suman Natta
- ICAR-National Research Centre for Orchids, Pakyong 737106, India
| | - Sangram Dhumal
- Division of Horticulture, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur 416004, India
| | - Rahul D Damale
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413255, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Indian Institute of Farming Systems Research, Modipuram 250110, India
| | - Marisennayya Senapathy
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Sheetal Vishal Deshmukh
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Yashwantrao Mohite Institute of Management, Karad, India
| | - T Anitha
- Department of Postharvest Technology, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Periyakulam 625604, India
| | - T Prabhu
- Department of Spices and Plantation Crops, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Periyakulam 625604, India
| | - S Shenbagavalli
- Department of Natural Resource and Management, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Periyakulam 625604, India
| | - V Balamurugan
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, India
| | - Jose M Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories, Advanced Science and Technology Institute, Kyrewood House, Tenbury Wells, Worcs WR15 8FF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang B, Jia Y, Li Y, Wang Z, Wen L, He Y, Xu X. Dehydration-rehydration vegetables: Evaluation and future challenges. Food Chem X 2023; 20:100935. [PMID: 38144748 PMCID: PMC10739932 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, the rehydration kinetics model, the quality factors affecting of vegetables during rehydration process, the future challenges and development direction of rehydration process were comprehensively analyzed. Based on the fitting equation for the change in moisture content during rehydration, a suitable rehydration model can be selected to describe the rehydration process of vegetables. Optimal pre-treatment, drying and rehydration methods were selected by considering quality, energy consumption and environmental aspects, and new technologies were developed to improve the quality characteristics of rehydrated vegetables. It is necessary to classify vegetables according to their shape and type to establish the criteria of rehydration processing through mathematical modeling. Industrial production from pre-treatment to product packaging will be precisely adjusted through process parameters. Furthermore, improvements the quality of rehydrated vegetables can be considered in terms of the structural and compositional aspects of the cell wall and cell membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bixiang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yuanlong Jia
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zhitong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Liankui Wen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Xiuying Xu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Riyamol, Gada Chengaiyan J, Rana SS, Ahmad F, Haque S, Capanoglu E. Recent Advances in the Extraction of Pectin from Various Sources and Industrial Applications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:46309-46324. [PMID: 38107881 PMCID: PMC10723649 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is a structural polysaccharide present in plants that primarily consists of galacturonic acid units. This Review discusses the chemistry of pectin, including its composition and molecular weight. Pectin is conventionally extracted from agricultural waste (fruit and vegetable peels) using an acidic or basic aqueous medium at high temperatures. These processes are time- and energy-consuming and also result in severe environmental problems due to the production of acidic effluents and equipment corrosion. As pectin usage is increasing in food industries for developing different products and it is also used as an excipient in pharmaceutical products, better extraction procedures are required to maximize the yield and purity. The Review encompasses various alternate green approaches for the extraction of pectin, including traditional acid extraction and various emerging technologies such as deep eutectic solvent-based extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, subcritical fluid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and microwave-based extraction, and evaluates the yield and physicochemical characteristics of the extracted pectin. This work aims to provide a platform for attracting more thorough research focused on the engineering of novel and more efficient green methods for the extraction of pectin and its utilization for various biotechnological purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riyamol
- Department
of Biosciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Jeevitha Gada Chengaiyan
- Department
of Biosciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sandeep Singh Rana
- Department
of Biosciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Faraz Ahmad
- Department
of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research
and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health
Sciences, Jazan University, Jizan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Centre
of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Gilbert
and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut 1102-2801, Lebanon
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xue H, Hao Z, Gao Y, Cai X, Tang J, Liao X, Tan J. Research progress on the hypoglycemic activity and mechanisms of natural polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126199. [PMID: 37562477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes, as a metabolic disease characterized by high blood sugar levels, is increasing every year. The predominantly western medicine treatment is associated with certain side effects, which has prompted people to turn their attention to natural active substances. Natural polysaccharide is a safe and low-toxic natural substance with various biological activities. Hypoglycemic activity is one of the important biological activities of natural polysaccharides, which has great potential for development. A systematic review of the latest research progress and possible molecular mechanisms of hypoglycemic activity of natural polysaccharides is of great significance for better understanding them. In this review, we systematically reviewed the relationship between the hypoglycemic activity of polysaccharides and their structure in terms of molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and glycosidic bonds, and summarized underlying molecular mechanisms the hypoglycemic activity of natural polysaccharides. In addition, the potential mechanisms of natural polysaccharides improving the complications of diabetes were analyzed and discussed. This paper provides some valuable insights and important guidance for further research on the hypoglycemic mechanisms of natural polysaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Xue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zitong Hao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuchao Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xu Cai
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jintian Tang
- Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging, Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No. 17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jiaqi Tan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China; Medical Comprehensive Experimental Center, Hebei University, No. 342 Yuhua East Road, Lianchi District, Baoding 071002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Im S, Jones OG, Choi SJ. Fabrication of Whey Protein Isolate-Pectin Nanoparticles by Thermal Treatment: Effect of Dynamic High-Pressure Treatment. Foods 2023; 12:4217. [PMID: 38231650 DOI: 10.3390/foods12234217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of dynamic high-pressure (DHP) treatment on the ability of whey protein isolate (WPI) to form associative complexes with pectin and to form aggregate particles after their subsequent heat treatment. Light scattering showed that DHP treatments disrupted preexisting WPI aggregates and assembled pectin chains. Complexes formed from WPI/pectin mixtures at pH 4.5 were an order of magnitude smaller when formed after DHP treatment, regardless of the degree of esterification. WPI/pectin complexes formed after DHP treatment were more stable against subsequent pH neutralization than complexes formed without DHP treatment, and WPI/high-methoxyl pectin (HMP) complexes had greater stability than WPI/low-methoxyl pectin (LMP) complexes. WPI/pectin particles prepared by thermal treatment of complexes at pH 4.5 were also smaller when prepared after DHP treatment. WPI/HMP particles were stable to subsequent pH neutralization, while WPI/LMP particles became larger after neutralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sohyeon Im
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Owen Griffith Jones
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Seung Jun Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
- Center for Functional Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yu S, Wang H, Cui L, Wang J, Zhang Z, Wu Z, Lin X, He N, Zou Y, Li S. Pectic oligosaccharides ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis in association with modulating gut microbiota in mice. Food Funct 2023; 14:9892-9906. [PMID: 37853813 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02168h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that gut microbiota and its metabolites have important significance in the etiology of obesity and related disorders. Prebiotics prevent and alleviate obesity by modulating the gut microbiota. However, how pectin oligosaccharides (POS) derived from pectin degradation affect gut microbiota and obesity remains unclear. To investigate the potential anti-obesity effects of POS, mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and a POS supplement with drinking water during the last 8 weeks. The outcomes demonstrated that POS supplementation in HFD-fed mice decreased body weight (P < 0.01), improved glucose tolerance (P < 0.001), reduced fat accumulation (P < 0.0001) and hepatic steatosis, protected intestinal barrier, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. After fecal metagenomic sequencing, the POS corrected the gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by the HFD, as shown by the increased populations of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus taiwanensis, and Bifidobacterium animalis, and decreased populations of Alistipes and Erysipelatoclostridium, which were previously considered harmful bacteria. Notably, the changed gut microbiota was associated with the obesity prevention of POS. These findings demonstrate that POS regulates particular gut microbiota, which is essential owing to its ability to prevent disorders associated with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Yu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Haoyu Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Luwen Cui
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jingyi Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zhinan Wu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | | | - Ningning He
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yuanqiang Zou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao 266555, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Detection and Intervention of Human Intestinal Microbiome, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Shangyong Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Vandermeulen MD, Cullen PJ. Ecological inducers of the yeast filamentous growth pathway reveal environment-dependent roles for pathway components. mSphere 2023; 8:e0028423. [PMID: 37732804 PMCID: PMC10597418 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00284-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Signaling modules, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, are evolutionarily conserved drivers of cell differentiation and stress responses. In many fungal species including pathogens, MAPK pathways control filamentous growth, where cells differentiate into an elongated cell type. The convenient model budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes filamentous growth by the filamentous growth (fMAPK) pathway; however, the inducers of the pathway remain unclear, perhaps because pathway activity has been mainly studied in laboratory conditions. To address this knowledge gap, an ecological framework was used, which uncovered new fMAPK pathway inducers, including pectin, a material found in plants, and the metabolic byproduct ethanol. We also show that induction by a known inducer of the pathway, the non-preferred carbon source galactose, required galactose metabolism and induced the pathway differently than glucose limitation or other non-preferred carbon sources. By exploring fMAPK pathway function in fruit, we found that induction of the pathway led to visible digestion of fruit rind through a known target, PGU1, which encodes a pectolytic enzyme. Combinations of inducers (galactose and ethanol) stimulated the pathway to near-maximal levels, which showed dispensability of several fMAPK pathway components (e.g., mucin sensor, p21-activated kinase), but not others (e.g., adaptor, MAPKKK) and required the Ras2-protein kinase A pathway. This included a difference between the transcription factor binding partners for the pathway, as Tec1p, but not Ste12p, was partly dispensable for fMAPK pathway activity. Thus, by exploring ecologically relevant stimuli, new modes of MAPK pathway signaling were uncovered, perhaps revealing how a pathway can respond differently to specific environments. IMPORTANCE Filamentous growth is a cell differentiation response and important aspect of fungal biology. In plant and animal fungal pathogens, filamentous growth contributes to virulence. One signaling pathway that regulates filamentous growth is an evolutionarily conserved MAPK pathway. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a convenient model to study MAPK-dependent regulation of filamentous growth, although the inducers of the pathway are not clear. Here, we exposed yeast cells to ecologically relevant compounds (e.g., plant compounds), which identified new inducers of the MAPK pathway. In combination, the inducers activated the pathway to near-maximal levels but did not cause detrimental phenotypes associated with previously identified hyperactive alleles. This context allowed us to identify conditional bypass for multiple pathway components. Thus, near-maximal induction of a MAPK pathway by ecologically relevant inducers provides a powerful tool to assess cellular signaling during a fungal differentiation response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul J. Cullen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li L, Yan S, Liu S, Wang P, Li W, Yi Y, Qin S. In-depth insight into correlations between gut microbiota and dietary fiber elucidates a dietary causal relationship with host health. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113133. [PMID: 37689844 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber exerts a wide range of biological benefits on host health, which not only provides a powerful source of nutrition for gut microbiota but also supplies key microbial metabolites that directly affect host health. This review mainly focuses on the decomposition and metabolism of dietary fiber and the essential genera Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium in dietary fiber fermentation. Dietary fiber plays an essential role in host health by impacting outcomes related to obesity, enteritis, immune health, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, the gut microbiota-independent pathway of dietary fiber affecting host health is also discussed. Personalized dietary fiber intake combined with microbiome, genetics, epigenetics, lifestyle and other factors has been highlighted for development in the future. A higher level of evidence is needed to demonstrate which microbial phenotype benefits from which kind of dietary fiber. In-depth insights into the correlation between gut microbiota and dietary fiber provide strong theoretical support for the precise application of dietary fiber, which elucidates a dietary causal relationship with host health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Shuling Yan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuangjiang Liu
- Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Ping Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Wenjun Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Yuetao Yi
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dwivedi S, Yadav K, Gupta S, Tanveer A, Yadav S, Yadav D. Fungal pectinases: an insight into production, innovations and applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:305. [PMID: 37691054 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03741-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The fungal system holds morphological plasticity and metabolic versatility which makes it unique. Fungal habitat ranges from the Arctic region to the fertile mainland, including tropical rainforests, and temperate deserts. They possess a wide range of lifestyles behaving as saprophytic, parasitic, opportunistic, and obligate symbionts. These eukaryotic microbes can survive any living condition and adapt to behave as extremophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles, or even psychrophile organisms. This behaviour has been exploited to yield microbial enzymes which can survive in extreme environments. The cost-effective production, stable catalytic behaviour and ease of genetic manipulation make them prominent sources of several industrially important enzymes. Pectinases are a class of pectin-degrading enzymes that show different mechanisms and substrate specificities to release end products. The pectinase family of enzymes is produced by microbial sources such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, plants, and animals. Fungal pectinases having high specificity for natural sources and higher stabilities and catalytic activities make them promising green catalysts for industrial applications. Pectinases from different microbial sources have been investigated for their industrial applications. However, their relevance in the food and textile industries is remarkable and has been extensively studied. The focus of this review is to provide comprehensive information on the current findings on fungal pectinases targeting diverse sources of fungal strains, their production by fermentation techniques, and a summary of purification strategies. Studies on pectinases regarding innovations comprising bioreactor-based production, immobilization of pectinases, in silico and expression studies, directed evolution, and omics-driven approaches specifically by fungal microbiota have been summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Dwivedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Kanchan Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Supriya Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Aiman Tanveer
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Sangeeta Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India
| | - Dinesh Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, 273009, India.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Song X, Li T, Gu H, Yin H. Space exposure enhanced pectin-degrading enzymes expression and activity in Aspergillus costaricaensis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:295. [PMID: 37658165 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Aspergillus is a well-studied fungal genus that is widely used in the processing of plant biomass in industries. This study investigated the effects of space exposure on the ability of Aspergillus costaricaensis, a filamentous fungus isolated from rotten orange peel, to degrade pectin. These fungal spores were carried into space by the Long March 5B carrier rocket and exposed to cosmic radiation for 79 h. After the flight, these spores were resuscitated, and then the growing strains were screened with pectin as the sole carbon source, and the pectinase activity was evaluated. A mutant with increased biomass accumulation ability and pectin-degrading activity compared to the ground control strain was obtained. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that several CAZymes genes were significantly upregulated in the mutant, especially those related to pectin degradation. Among the 44 pectinases identified from the annotated genome, 42 were up-regulated. The activities of these pectinases are able to synergistically break down the structure of pectin. In addition, the expression of some genes involved in metabolism, sugar transport, and stress response was altered. These results imply that space exposure might serve as a potential mutagenesis breeding technique, offering the opportunity to acquire biomass-degrading microbial strains with potential for industrial application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Song
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tang Li
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Hui Gu
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Dalian Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Agricultural Preparations, Dalian Technology Innovation Center for Green Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zheng Y, Yan J, Cao C, Liu Y, Yu D, Liang X. Application of chromatography in purification and structural analysis of natural polysaccharides: A review. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300368. [PMID: 37480171 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are widely distributed in natural sources from monocytic microorganisms to higher animals, and are found in a variety of biological activities in recent decades. Natural polysaccharides have the characteristics of large molecular weight, diverse composition, and complex structure, so their purification and structural analysis are difficult issues in research. Chromatography as a powerful separation technique, plays an irreplaceable role in the separation and structural analysis of natural polysaccharides, especially in the purification of polysaccharides, the separation of hydrolysates, and the analysis of monosaccharide composition. The separation mechanisms and application of different chromatographic methods in the studies of polysaccharides were summarized in this review. Moreover, the advantages and drawbacks of various chromatography methods were discussed as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Cuiyan Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongping Yu
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- Ganjiang Chinese Medicine Innovation Center, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu Y, Yan S, Li B, Li J. Analysis of pectin-cellulose interaction in cell wall of lotus rhizome with assistance of ball-milling and galactosidase. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125615. [PMID: 37391001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The current study sought to depict the structural feature of polysaccharides extracted from Na2CO3 unextractable fraction (LUN) of lotus rhizome using galactosidase with assistance of ball milling. The extracted polysaccharides were a complex of cellulose microfibrils and the RG-I structural domain of pectin, and the top three monosaccharides were glucose, galactose and galactose uronic acid, which allowed to tune the properties of the enzyme-hydrolyzed polysaccharide from LUN after 15 and 45 min of ball milling. The data of XRD revealed that pectin has a masking effect on the diffraction peaks of cellulose components. The removing of the polysaccharides could increase the degree of crystallinity and the pectin-cellulose interaction mainly occured through the galactan side chain was speculated. Textural characterization by SEM exhibited a cross-linked rod-like structure, which is similar to the structure of cellulose microfibrils. The morphological analysis of AFM revealed that L15-P (enzyme-hydrolyzed polysaccharide from LUN after 15 min of ball milling) contained relatively ordered and uniform network structures. Overall, the present study provides an important insight into cell wall of lotus rhizome matrix polysaccharide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Shoulei Yan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Aquatic vegetable Preservation & Processing Engineering Technology Research Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Yangtze River Economic Belt Engineering Research Center for Green Development of Bulk Aquatic Bioproducts Industry of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Jie Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China; Yangtze River Economic Belt Engineering Research Center for Green Development of Bulk Aquatic Bioproducts Industry of Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Cui Y, Wang R, Cao S, Ismael M, Wang X, Lü X. A galacturonic acid-rich polysaccharide from Diospyros kaki peel: Isolation, characterization, rheological properties and antioxidant activities in vitro. Food Chem 2023; 416:135781. [PMID: 36871504 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
This research elucidated the structural characteristics and antioxidant activity of a galacturonic acid-rich polysaccharide (PPP-2) isolated from Diospyros kaki peel. PPP-2 was extracted by subcritical water and subsequently purified by DEAE-Sepharose FF column. PPP-2 (12.28 kDa) mainly contained galacturonic acid, arabinose, and galactose with the molar ratios of 87.15: 5.86: 4.31. The structural characteristics of PPP-2 were revealed through FT-IR, UV, XRD, AFM, SEM, Congo red, methylation, GC/MS assay and NMR spectrum. PPP-2 owned the triple helical structure and degradation temperature of 251.09 ℃. The backbone of PPP-2 was formed by →4)-α-d-GalpA-6-OMe-(1→ and →4)-α-d-GalpA-(1→ with the side chains of →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3)-α-l-Araf-(1→, →3,6)-β-d-Galp-(1→ and α-l-Araf-(1→. Moreover, the inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PPP-2 to ABTS•+, DPPH•, superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical were 1.96, 0.91, 3.63, and 4.08 mg/mL, respectively. Our results suggested that PPP-2 might be a novel candidate of natural antioxidant in pharmaceuticals or functional food.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Cui
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Ruiling Wang
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Siyue Cao
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Mohamedelfatieh Ismael
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Xin Lü
- Lab of Bioresources, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| |
Collapse
|