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Rejeki PS, Pranoto A, Widiatmaja DM, Utami DM, Izzatunnisa N, Sugiharto, Lesmana R, Halim S. Combined Aerobic Exercise with Intermittent Fasting Is Effective for Reducing mTOR and Bcl-2 Levels in Obese Females. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:116. [PMID: 38786985 PMCID: PMC11126026 DOI: 10.3390/sports12050116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The integration of combined aerobic exercise and intermittent fasting (IF) has emerged as a strategy for the prevention and management of obesity, including its associated health issues such as age-related metabolic diseases. This study aimed to examine the potential of combined aerobic exercise and IF as a preventative strategy against cellular senescence by targeting mTOR and Bcl-2 levels in obese females. A total of 30 obese women, aged 23.56 ± 1.83 years, body fat percentage (FAT) 45.21 ± 3.73% (very high category), BMI 30.09 ± 3.74 kg/m2 were recruited and participated in three different types of interventions: intermittent fasting (IF), exercise (EXG), and a combination of intermittent fasting and exercise (IFEXG). The intervention program was carried out 5x/week for 2 weeks. We examined mTOR and Bcl-2 levels using ELISA kits. Statistical analysis used the one-way ANOVA test and continued with Tukey's HSD post hoc test, with a significance level of 5%. The study results showed that a combination of aerobic exercise and IF significantly decreased mTOR levels (-1.26 ± 0.79 ng/mL) compared to the control group (-0.08 ± 1.33 ng/mL; p ≤ 0.05). However, combined aerobic exercise and IF did not affect Bcl-2 levels significantly (-0.07 ± 0.09 ng/mL) compared to the control group (0.01 ± 0.17 ng/mL, p ≥ 0.05). The IF-only group, exercise-only group, and combined group all showed a significant decrease in body weight and fat mass compared to the control group (p ≤ 0.05). However, the combined aerobic exercise and IF program had a significant effect in reducing the total percentage of body fat and fat mass compared to the IF-only group (p ≤ 0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that the combined intermittent fasting and exercise group (IFEXG) undertook the most effective intervention of the three in terms of preventing cellular senescence, as demonstrated by decreases in the mTOR level, body weight, and fat mass. However, the IFEXG did not present reduced Bcl-2 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purwo Sri Rejeki
- Physiology Division, Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Adi Pranoto
- Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia;
| | - Deandra Maharani Widiatmaja
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia; (D.M.W.); (D.M.U.); (N.I.)
| | - Dita Mega Utami
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia; (D.M.W.); (D.M.U.); (N.I.)
| | - Nabilah Izzatunnisa
- Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, East Java, Indonesia; (D.M.W.); (D.M.U.); (N.I.)
| | - Sugiharto
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia;
| | - Ronny Lesmana
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung 45363, West Java, Indonesia;
| | - Shariff Halim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Technology MARA (UiTM) Pulau Pinang, Bertam Campus, Kepala Batas 13200, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia;
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Li Q, Li Z, Luo T, Shi H. Targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK pathways for cancer therapy. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2022; 3:47. [PMID: 36539659 PMCID: PMC9768098 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-022-00110-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK pathways are commonly activated by mutations and chromosomal translocation in vital targets. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is dysregulated in nearly all kinds of neoplasms, with the component in this pathway alternations. RAF/MEK/ERK signaling cascades are used to conduct signaling from the cell surface to the nucleus to mediate gene expression, cell cycle processes and apoptosis. RAS, B-Raf, PI3K, and PTEN are frequent upstream alternative sites. These mutations resulted in activated cell growth and downregulated cell apoptosis. The two pathways interact with each other to participate in tumorigenesis. PTEN alterations suppress RAF/MEK/ERK pathway activity via AKT phosphorylation and RAS inhibition. Several inhibitors targeting major components of these two pathways have been supported by the FDA. Dozens of agents in these two pathways have attracted great attention and have been assessed in clinical trials. The combination of small molecular inhibitors with traditional regimens has also been explored. Furthermore, dual inhibitors provide new insight into antitumor activity. This review will further comprehensively describe the genetic alterations in normal patients and tumor patients and discuss the role of targeted inhibitors in malignant neoplasm therapy. We hope this review will promote a comprehensive understanding of the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathways in facilitating tumors and will help direct drug selection for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Li
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Oncology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ting Luo
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Breast, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Huashan Shi
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041 Chengdu, P. R. China
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Sun Y, Wang X, Liu T, Zhu X, Pan X. The multifaceted role of the SASP in atherosclerosis: from mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:74. [PMID: 35642067 PMCID: PMC9153125 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global population of older individuals is growing, and ageing is a key risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Abnormal accumulation of senescent cells can cause potentially deleterious effects on the organism with age. As a vital marker of cellular senescence, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is a novel mechanism to link cellular senescence with atherosclerosis. MAIN BODY In this review, we concretely describe the characteristics of the SASP and its regulation mechanisms. Importantly, we provide novel perspectives on how the SASP can promote atherosclerosis. The SASP from different types of senescent cells have vital roles in atherosclerosis progression. As a significant mediator of the harmful effects of senescent cells, it can play a pro-atherogenic role by producing inflammation and immune dysfunction. Furthermore, the SASP can deliver senescence signals to the surrounding vascular cells, gradually contributing to the development of atherosclerosis. Finally, we focus on a variety of novel therapeutic strategies aimed to reduce the burden of atherosclerosis in elderly individuals by targeting senescent cells and inhibiting the regulatory mechanisms of the SASP. CONCLUSION This review systematically summarizes the multiple roles of the SASP in atherosclerosis and can contribute to the exploration of new therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Tianwei Liu
- Institute of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Is it the time of seno-therapeutics application in cardiovascular pathological conditions related to ageing? CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2021; 2:100027. [PMID: 34909661 PMCID: PMC8663954 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2021.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It rates that in 2030, the cardiovascular diseases (CVD) will result in 40% of all deaths and rank as the leading cause. Thus, the research of appropriate therapies able to delay or retard their onset and progression is growing. Of particular interest is a new branch of the medical science, called anti-ageing medicine since CVD are the result of cardiovascular ageing. Senescent cells (SC) accumulate in cardiovascular system contributing to the onset of typical age-related cardiovascular conditions (i.e., atherosclerosis, medial aorta degeneration, vascular remodeling, stiffness). Such conditions progress in cardiovascular pathologies (i.e., heart failure, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and aneurysms) by evocating the production of a proinflammatory and profibrotic senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Consequently, therapies able to specifically eliminate SC are in developing. The senotherapeutics represents an emerging anti-SC treatment, and comprises three therapeutic approaches: (a) molecules to selectively kill SC, defined senolytics; (b) compounds able in reducing evocated SC SASP, acting hence as SASP suppressors, or capable to change the senescent phenotype, called senomorphics; (c) inhibition of increase of the number of SC in the tissues. Here, it describes them and the emerging data about current investigations on their potential clinical application in CVD, stressing benefits and limitations, and suggesting potential solutions for applying them in near future as effective anti-CVD treatments. The anti-ageing medicine might be a new via for developing CVD treatments. Senotherapeutics represents an emerging treatment. It comprises three therapeutic approaches. They might have a potential clinical application in CVD. Benefits and limitations have been reported.
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Lin CM, Yang JH, Lee HJ, Lin YP, Tsai LP, Hsu CS, Luxton GWG, Hu CF. Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies a Novel Homozygous Missense Mutation in the CSB Protein-Encoding ERCC6 Gene in a Taiwanese Boy with Cockayne Syndrome. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111230. [PMID: 34833108 PMCID: PMC8618937 DOI: 10.3390/life11111230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare form of dwarfism that is characterized by progressive premature aging. CS is typically caused by mutations in the excision repair cross-complementing protein group 6 (ERCC6) gene that encodes the CS group B (CSB) protein. Using whole exome sequencing, we recently identified a novel homozygous missense mutation (Leu536Trp) in CSB in a Taiwanese boy with CS. Since the current database (Varsome) interprets this variant as likely pathogenic, we utilized a bioinformatic tool to investigate the impact of Leu536Trp as well as two other variants (Arg453Ter, Asp532Gly) in similar articles on the CSB protein structure stability. Methods: We used iterative threading assembly refinement (I-TASSER) to generate a predictive 3D structure of CSB. We calculated the change of mutation energy after residues substitution on the protein stability using I-TASSER as well as the artificial intelligence program Alphafold. Results: The Asp532Gly variant destabilized both modeled structures, while the Leu536Trp variant showed no effect on I-TASSER’s model but destabilized the Alphafold’s modeled structure. Conclusions: We propose here the first case of CS associated with a novel homozygous missense mutation (Leu536Trp) in CSB. Furthermore, we suggest that the Asp532Gly and Leu536Trp variants are both pathogenic after bioinformatic analysis of protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ming Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
| | - Jay-How Yang
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;
| | - Hwei-Jen Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Pang Lin
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Ping Tsai
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei 23142, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Sin Hsu
- Genomics Center for Clinical and Biotechnological Applications of Cancer Progression Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - G. W. Gant Luxton
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Correspondence: (G.W.G.L.); (C.-F.H.); Tel.: +1-530-754-6083 (G.W.G.L.); +886-2-8792-7293 (C.-F.H.)
| | - Chih-Fen Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (G.W.G.L.); (C.-F.H.); Tel.: +1-530-754-6083 (G.W.G.L.); +886-2-8792-7293 (C.-F.H.)
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Lehky TJ, Sackstein P, Tamura D, Quezado M, Wu T, Khan SG, Patronas NJ, Wiggs E, Brewer CC, DiGiovanna JJ, Kraemer KH. Differences in peripheral neuropathy in xeroderma pigmentosum complementation groups A and D as evaluated by nerve conduction studies. BMC Neurol 2021; 21:393. [PMID: 34627174 PMCID: PMC8501575 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder with defective DNA nucleotide excision repair and associated with a high frequency of skin cancer. Approximately 25% of patients develop progressive neurological degeneration. Complementation groups XP-A and XP-D are most frequently associated with neurological disorders. Design/methods This is a retrospective review of patients with XP who were evaluated at NIH from 1986 to 2015 and had nerve conduction studies (NCS). In the complementation groups with peripheral neuropathy, further comparisons of the NCS were made with audiological, brain imaging, neuropsychological assessments that were also performed on most of the patients. Limited neuropathology of XP-A and XP-D patients were examined.. Results The 33 patients had NCS: XP-A (9 patients), XP-C (7 patients), XP-D (10 patients), XP-E (1 patient), XP-V (4 patients), and XP-unknown (2 patients). Peripheral neuropathy based on nerve conduction studies was documented only in two complementation groups: 78% (7/9) of XP-A patients had a sensorimotor neuropathy while 50% (5/10) of XP-D patients had a sensory neuropathy only. Analysis of sural sensory nerve amplitude in both complementation groups XP-A and XP-D correlated with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), MRI/CT severity, and Full-scale Intelligence Quotient (IQ). Analysis of fibular motor nerve amplitude in complementation XP-A correlated with SNHL and MRI/CT severity. Limited follow-up studies showed gradual loss of NCS responses compared to an earlier and more rapid progression of the hearing loss. Conclusions Despite similar brain imaging and audiological findings patients, XP-A and XP-D complementation groups differ in the type of neuropathy, sensorimotor versus sensory alone. A few cases suggest that sensorineural hearing loss may precede abnormal NCS in XP and therefore serve as valuable clinical indicators of XP patients that will later develop peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Sackstein
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Deborah Tamura
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Tianxia Wu
- Clinical Trials Unit, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sikandar G Khan
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Edythe Wiggs
- Clinical Trials Unit, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - John J DiGiovanna
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth H Kraemer
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Rajeev M, Ratan C, Krishnan K, Vijayan M. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (Hgps) And Application Of Gene Therapy Based Crispr/Cas Technology As A Promising Innovative Treatment Approach. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2021; 15:266-285. [PMID: 34602042 DOI: 10.2174/1872208315666210928114720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) also known as progeria of childhood or progeria is a rare, rapid, autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by premature aging which occurs shortly after birth. HGPS occurs as a result of de novo point mutation in the gene recognized as LMNA gene that encodes two proteins Lamin A protein and Lamin C protein which are the structural components of the nuclear envelope. Mutations in the gene trigger abnormal splicing and induce internal deletion of 50 amino acids leading to the development of a truncated form of Lamin A protein known as Progerin. Progerin generation can be considered as the crucial step in HGPS since the protein is highly toxic to human cells, permanently farnesylated, and exhibits variation in several biochemical and structural properties within the individual. HGPS also produces complications such as skin alterations, growth failure, atherosclerosis, hair and fat loss, and bone and joint diseases. We have also revised all relevant patents relating to Hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome and its therapy in the current article. METHOD The goal of the present review article is to provide information about Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and the use of CRISPR/Cas technology as a promising treatment approach in the treatment of the disease. The review also discusses about different pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of treatment currently used for HGPS. RESULTS The main limitation associated with progeria is the lack of a definitive cure. The existing treatment modality provides only symptomatic relief. Therefore, it is high time to develop a therapeutic method that hastens premature aging in such patients. CONCLUSION CRISPR/Cas technology is a novel gene-editing tool that allows genome editing at specific loci, and is found to be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of genetic disorders such as HGPS where dominant-negative mutations take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekha Rajeev
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vihwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041. India
| | - Chameli Ratan
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vihwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041. India
| | - Karthik Krishnan
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vihwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041. India
| | - Meenu Vijayan
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vihwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Ponekkara P. O., Kochi, Kerala 682041. India
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Cabral WA, Tavarez UL, Beeram I, Yeritsyan D, Boku YD, Eckhaus MA, Nazarian A, Erdos MR, Collins FS. Genetic reduction of mTOR extends lifespan in a mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13457. [PMID: 34453483 PMCID: PMC8441492 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare accelerated aging disorder most notably characterized by cardiovascular disease and premature death from myocardial infarction or stroke. The majority of cases are caused by a de novo single nucleotide mutation in the LMNA gene that activates a cryptic splice donor site, resulting in production of a toxic form of lamin A with a 50 amino acid internal deletion, termed progerin. We previously reported the generation of a transgenic murine model of progeria carrying a human BAC harboring the common mutation, G608G, which in the single-copy state develops features of HGPS that are limited to the vascular system. Here, we report the phenotype of mice bred to carry two copies of the BAC, which more completely recapitulate the phenotypic features of HGPS in skin, adipose, skeletal, and vascular tissues. We further show that genetic reduction of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) significantly extends lifespan in these mice, providing a rationale for pharmacologic inhibition of the mTOR pathway in the treatment of HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne A. Cabral
- Molecular Genetics Section Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Urraca L. Tavarez
- Molecular Genetics Section Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Indeevar Beeram
- Translational Musculoskeletal Innovation Initiative Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Diana Yeritsyan
- Translational Musculoskeletal Innovation Initiative Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Yoseph D. Boku
- Molecular Genetics Section Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Michael A. Eckhaus
- Diagnostic and Research Services Branch Division of Veterinary Resources Office of the Director National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Translational Musculoskeletal Innovation Initiative Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Michael R. Erdos
- Molecular Genetics Section Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Francis S. Collins
- Molecular Genetics Section Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
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Stojanović SD, Fiedler J, Bauersachs J, Thum T, Sedding DG. Senescence-induced inflammation: an important player and key therapeutic target in atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:2983-2996. [PMID: 31898722 PMCID: PMC7453834 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a hallmark and potent driver of pathological vascular remodelling in atherosclerosis. However, current anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies have shown mixed results. As an alternative perspective on the conundrum of chronic inflammation emerging evidence points towards a small subset of senescent cells as a critical player and central node driving atherosclerosis. Senescent cells belonging to various cell types are a dominant and chronic source of a large array of pro-inflammatory cytokines and various additional plaque destabilizing factors, being involved with various aspects of atherosclerosis pathogenesis. Antagonizing these key agitators of local chronic inflammation and plaque instability may provide a causative and multi-purpose therapeutic strategy to treat atherosclerosis. Anti-senescence treatment options with translational potential are currently in development. However, several questions and challenges remain to be addressed before these novel treatment approaches may enter the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevan D Stojanović
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Fiedler
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel G Sedding
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube-Strasse 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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10
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Abdelgawad IY, Sadak KT, Lone DW, Dabour MS, Niedernhofer LJ, Zordoky BN. Molecular mechanisms and cardiovascular implications of cancer therapy-induced senescence. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 221:107751. [PMID: 33275998 PMCID: PMC8084867 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer treatment has been associated with accelerated aging that can lead to early-onset health complications typically experienced by older populations. In particular, cancer survivors have an increased risk of developing premature cardiovascular complications. In the last two decades, cellular senescence has been proposed as an important mechanism of premature cardiovascular diseases. Cancer treatments, specifically anthracyclines and radiation, have been shown to induce senescence in different types of cardiovascular cells. Additionally, clinical studies identified increased systemic markers of senescence in cancer survivors. Preclinical research has demonstrated the potential of several approaches to mitigate cancer therapy-induced senescence. However, strategies to prevent and/or treat therapy-induced cardiovascular senescence have not yet been translated to the clinic. In this review, we will discuss how therapy-induced senescence can contribute to cardiovascular complications. Thereafter, we will summarize the current in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence regarding cancer therapy-induced cardiovascular senescence. Then, we will discuss interventional strategies that have the potential to protect against therapy-induced cardiovascular senescence. To conclude, we will highlight challenges and future research directions to mitigate therapy-induced cardiovascular senescence in cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Y Abdelgawad
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Karim T Sadak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Diana W Lone
- University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Mohamed S Dabour
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Beshay N Zordoky
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota College of Pharmacy, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Micro-Current Stimulation Has Potential Effects of Hair Growth-Promotion on Human Hair Follicle-Derived Papilla Cells and Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094361. [PMID: 33921970 PMCID: PMC8122395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, a variety of safe and effective non-pharmacological methods have been introduced as new treatments of alopecia. Micro-current electrical stimulation (MCS) is one of them. It is generally known to facilitate cell proliferation and differentiation and promote cell migration and ATP synthesis. This study aimed to investigate the hair growth-promoting effect of MCS on human hair follicle-derived papilla cells (HFDPC) and a telogenic mice model. We examined changes in cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression with MCS-applied HFDPC. The changes of expression of the cell cycle regulatory proteins, molecules related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/Fox01 pathway and Wnt/β-catenin pathway were also examined by immunoblotting. Subsequently, we evaluated the various growth factors in developing hair follicles by RT-PCR in MCS-applied (MCS) mice model. From the results, the MCS-applied groups with specific levels showed effects on HFDPC proliferation and migration and promoted cell cycle progression and the expression of cell cycle-related proteins. Moreover, these levels significantly activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and PI3K/AKT/mTOR/Fox01 pathway. Various growth factors in developing hair follicles, including Wnts, FGFs, IGF-1, and VEGF-B except for VEGF-A, significantly increased in MCS-applied mice. Our results may confirm that MCS has hair growth-promoting effect on HFDPC as well as telogenic mice model, suggesting a potential treatment strategy for alopecia.
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12
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A targeted antisense therapeutic approach for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Nat Med 2021; 27:536-545. [PMID: 33707773 PMCID: PMC10158310 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare accelerated aging disorder characterized by premature death from myocardial infarction or stroke. It is caused by de novo single-nucleotide mutations in the LMNA gene that activate a cryptic splice donor site, resulting in the production of a toxic form of lamin A, which is termed progerin. Here we present a potential genetic therapeutic strategy that utilizes antisense peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PPMOs) to block pathogenic splicing of mutant transcripts. Of several candidates, PPMO SRP-2001 provided the most significant decrease in progerin transcripts in patient fibroblasts. Intravenous delivery of SRP-2001 to a transgenic mouse model of HGPS produced significant reduction of progerin transcripts in the aorta, a particularly critical target tissue in HGPS. Long-term continuous treatment with SRP-2001 yielded a 61.6% increase in lifespan and rescue of vascular smooth muscle cell loss in large arteries. These results provide a rationale for proceeding to human trials.
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13
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Machado-Oliveira G, Ramos C, Marques ARA, Vieira OV. Cell Senescence, Multiple Organelle Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:E2146. [PMID: 32977446 PMCID: PMC7598292 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an age-related disorder associated with long-term exposure to cardiovascular risk factors. The asymptomatic progression of atherosclerotic plaques leads to major cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including acute myocardial infarctions or cerebral ischemic strokes in some cases. Senescence, a biological process associated with progressive structural and functional deterioration of cells, tissues and organs, is intricately linked to age-related diseases. Cell senescence involves coordinated modifications in cellular compartments and has been demonstrated to contribute to different stages of atheroma development. Senescence-based therapeutic strategies are currently being pursued to treat and prevent CVD in humans in the near-future. In addition, distinct experimental settings allowed researchers to unravel potential approaches to regulate anti-apoptotic pathways, facilitate excessive senescent cell clearance and eventually reverse atherogenesis to improve cardiovascular function. However, a deeper knowledge is required to fully understand cellular senescence, to clarify senescence and atherogenesis intertwining, allowing researchers to establish more effective treatments and to reduce the cardiovascular disorders' burden. Here, we present an objective review of the key senescence-related alterations of the major intracellular organelles and analyze the role of relevant cell types for senescence and atherogenesis. In this context, we provide an updated analysis of therapeutic approaches, including clinically relevant experiments using senolytic drugs to counteract atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Machado-Oliveira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (A.R.A.M.)
| | | | | | - Otília V. Vieira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal; (C.R.); (A.R.A.M.)
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14
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Cenni V, Capanni C, Mattioli E, Schena E, Squarzoni S, Bacalini MG, Garagnani P, Salvioli S, Franceschi C, Lattanzi G. Lamin A involvement in ageing processes. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101073. [PMID: 32446955 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lamin A, a main constituent of the nuclear lamina, is the major splicing product of the LMNA gene, which also encodes lamin C, lamin A delta 10 and lamin C2. Involvement of lamin A in the ageing process became clear after the discovery that a group of progeroid syndromes, currently referred to as progeroid laminopathies, are caused by mutations in LMNA gene. Progeroid laminopathies include Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria, Mandibuloacral Dysplasia, Atypical Progeria and atypical-Werner syndrome, disabling and life-threatening diseases with accelerated ageing, bone resorption, lipodystrophy, skin abnormalities and cardiovascular disorders. Defects in lamin A post-translational maturation occur in progeroid syndromes and accumulated prelamin A affects ageing-related processes, such as mTOR signaling, epigenetic modifications, stress response, inflammation, microRNA activation and mechanosignaling. In this review, we briefly describe the role of these pathways in physiological ageing and go in deep into lamin A-dependent mechanisms that accelerate the ageing process. Finally, we propose that lamin A acts as a sensor of cell intrinsic and environmental stress through transient prelamin A accumulation, which triggers stress response mechanisms. Exacerbation of lamin A sensor activity due to stably elevated prelamin A levels contributes to the onset of a permanent stress response condition, which triggers accelerated ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Cenni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Capanni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mattioli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Schena
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Squarzoni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge, University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Changes, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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15
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Lee JY, Kennedy BK, Liao CY. Mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling in mouse models of accelerated aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:64-72. [PMID: 30900725 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an essential nutrient-sensing kinase that integrates and regulates a number of fundamental cellular processes required for cell growth, cell motility, translation, metabolism, and autophagy. mTOR signaling has been implicated in the progression of many human diseases, and its dysregulation has been reported in several pathological processes, especially in age-related human diseases and mouse models of accelerated aging. In addition, many studies have demonstrated that the regulation of mTOR activity has a beneficial effect on longevity in several mouse models of aging. However, not all mouse models of accelerated aging show positive effects on aging-associated phenotypes in response to targeting mTOR signaling. Here, we review the effects of interventions that modulate mTOR signaling on aging-related phenotypes in different mouse models of accelerated aging and discuss their implications with respect to aging and aging-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Lee
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, National University Health System, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Chen-Yu Liao
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, California
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16
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Alvariño R, Alonso E, Bornancin L, Bonnard I, Inguimbert N, Banaigs B, Botana LM. Biological Activities of Cyclic and Acyclic B-Type Laxaphycins in SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18070364. [PMID: 32679743 PMCID: PMC7404270 DOI: 10.3390/md18070364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Laxaphycins are a family of non-ribosomal lipopeptides that have been isolated from several cyanobacteria. Some of these compounds have presented cytotoxic activities, but their mechanism of action is poorly understood. In this work, the already described laxaphycins B and B3, and acyclolaxaphycins B and B3 were isolated from the marine cyanobacteria Anabaena torulosa. Moreover, two new acyclic compounds, [des-(Ala4-Hle5)] acyclolaxaphycins B and B3, were purified from the herviborous gastropod Stylocheilus striatus, with this being the first description of biotransformed laxaphycins. The structure of these new compounds was elucidated, together with the absolute configuration of acyclolaxaphycins B and B3. The bioactivities of the six peptides were determined in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Laxaphycins B and B3 were cytotoxic (IC50: 1.8 and 0.8 µM, respectively) through the induction of apoptosis. In comparison, acyclic laxaphycins did not show cytotoxicity but affected mitochondrial functioning, so their effect on autophagy-related protein expression was analyzed, finding that acyclic peptides affected this process by increasing AMPK phosphorylation and inhibiting mTOR. This work confirms the pro-apoptotic properties of cyclic laxaphycins B and is the first report indicating the effects on autophagy of their acyclic analogs. Moreover, gastropod-derived compounds presented ring opening and amino-acids deletion, a biotransformation that had not been previously described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Alvariño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27003 Lugo, Spain; (R.A.); (L.M.B.)
| | - Eva Alonso
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27003 Lugo, Spain; (R.A.); (L.M.B.)
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitario Santiago de Compostela (FIDIS), Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, 27003 Lugo, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34982822233
| | - Louis Bornancin
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France; (L.B.); (I.B.); (N.I.); (B.B.)
| | - Isabelle Bonnard
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France; (L.B.); (I.B.); (N.I.); (B.B.)
- Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL”, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Nicolas Inguimbert
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France; (L.B.); (I.B.); (N.I.); (B.B.)
- Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL”, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Bernard Banaigs
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France; (L.B.); (I.B.); (N.I.); (B.B.)
- Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL”, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 58 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Luis M. Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 27003 Lugo, Spain; (R.A.); (L.M.B.)
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17
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Almendáriz-Palacios C, Gillespie ZE, Janzen M, Martinez V, Bridger JM, Harkness TAA, Mousseau DD, Eskiw CH. The Nuclear Lamina: Protein Accumulation and Disease. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E188. [PMID: 32630170 PMCID: PMC7400325 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular health is reliant on proteostasis-the maintenance of protein levels regulated through multiple pathways modulating protein synthesis, degradation and clearance. Loss of proteostasis results in serious disease and is associated with aging. One proteinaceous structure underlying the nuclear envelope-the nuclear lamina-coordinates essential processes including DNA repair, genome organization and epigenetic and transcriptional regulation. Loss of proteostasis within the nuclear lamina results in the accumulation of proteins, disrupting these essential functions, either via direct interactions of protein aggregates within the lamina or by altering systems that maintain lamina structure. Here we discuss the links between proteostasis and disease of the nuclear lamina, as well as how manipulating specific proteostatic pathways involved in protein clearance could improve cellular health and prevent/reverse disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Almendáriz-Palacios
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (C.A.-P.); (V.M.)
| | - Zoe E. Gillespie
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (Z.E.G.); (M.J.); (T.A.A.H.)
| | - Matthew Janzen
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (Z.E.G.); (M.J.); (T.A.A.H.)
| | - Valeria Martinez
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (C.A.-P.); (V.M.)
| | - Joanna M. Bridger
- Centre for Genome Engineering and Maintenance, College of Health, Life and Medical Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
| | - Troy A. A. Harkness
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (Z.E.G.); (M.J.); (T.A.A.H.)
| | - Darrell D. Mousseau
- Cell Signalling Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A5, Canada;
| | - Christopher H. Eskiw
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (C.A.-P.); (V.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; (Z.E.G.); (M.J.); (T.A.A.H.)
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18
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Xiong L, Zhao K, Cao Y, Guo HH, Pan JX, Yang X, Ren X, Mei L, Xiong WC. Linking skeletal muscle aging with osteoporosis by lamin A/C deficiency. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000731. [PMID: 32479501 PMCID: PMC7310860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina protein lamin A/C is a key component of the nuclear envelope. Mutations in the lamin A/C gene (LMNA) are identified in patients with various types of laminopathy-containing diseases, which have features of accelerated aging and osteoporosis. However, the underlying mechanisms for laminopathy-associated osteoporosis remain largely unclear. Here, we provide evidence that loss of lamin A/C in skeletal muscles, but not osteoblast (OB)-lineage cells, results in not only muscle aging-like deficit but also trabecular bone loss, a feature of osteoporosis. The latter is due in large part to elevated bone resorption. Further cellular studies show an increase of osteoclast (OC) differentiation in cocultures of bone marrow macrophages/monocytes (BMMs) and OBs after treatment with the conditioned medium (CM) from lamin A/C-deficient muscle cells. Antibody array screening analysis of the CM proteins identifies interleukin (IL)-6, whose expression is markedly increased in lamin A/C-deficient muscles. Inhibition of IL-6 by its blocking antibody in BMM-OB cocultures diminishes the increase of osteoclastogenesis. Knockout (KO) of IL-6 in muscle lamin A/C-KO mice diminishes the deficits in trabecular bone mass but not muscle. Further mechanistic studies reveal an elevation of cellular senescence marked by senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), p16Ink4a, and p53 in lamin A/C-deficient muscles and C2C12 muscle cells, and the p16Ink4a may induce senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and IL-6 expression. Taken together, these results suggest a critical role for skeletal muscle lamin A/C to prevent cellular senescence, IL-6 expression, hyperosteoclastogenesis, and trabecular bone loss, uncovering a pathological mechanism underlying the link between muscle aging/senescence and osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Louis Stoke VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kai Zhao
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hao-Han Guo
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jin-Xiu Pan
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Louis Stoke VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Xiao Ren
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Louis Stoke VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Louis Stoke VA Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America
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19
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Saxena S, Kumar S. Pharmacotherapy to gene editing: potential therapeutic approaches for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. GeroScience 2020; 42:467-494. [PMID: 32048129 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), commonly called progeria, is an extremely rare disorder that affects only one child per four million births. It is characterized by accelerated aging in affected individuals leading to premature death at an average age of 14.5 years due to cardiovascular complications. The main cause of HGPS is a sporadic autosomal dominant point mutation in LMNA gene resulting in differently spliced lamin A protein known as progerin. Accumulation of progerin under nuclear lamina and activation of its downstream effectors cause perturbation in cellular morphology and physiology which leads to a systemic disorder that mainly impairs the cardiovascular system, bones, skin, and overall growth. Till now, no cure has been found for this catastrophic disorder; however, several therapeutic strategies are under development. The current review focuses on the overall progress in the field of therapeutic approaches for the management/cure of HGPS. We have also discussed the new disease models that have been developed for the study of this rare disorder. Moreover, we have highlighted the therapeutic application of extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells against aging and aging-related disorders and, therefore, suggest the same for the treatment of HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Saxena
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India.
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Faculty of Technology and Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
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20
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Kreienkamp R, Gonzalo S. Metabolic Dysfunction in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020395. [PMID: 32046343 PMCID: PMC7072593 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a segmental premature aging disease causing patient death by early teenage years from cardiovascular dysfunction. Although HGPS does not totally recapitulate normal aging, it does harbor many similarities to the normal aging process, with patients also developing cardiovascular disease, alopecia, bone and joint abnormalities, and adipose changes. It is unsurprising, then, that as physicians and scientists have searched for treatments for HGPS, they have targeted many pathways known to be involved in normal aging, including inflammation, DNA damage, epigenetic changes, and stem cell exhaustion. Although less studied at a mechanistic level, severe metabolic problems are observed in HGPS patients. Interestingly, new research in animal models of HGPS has demonstrated impressive lifespan improvements secondary to metabolic interventions. As such, further understanding metabolism, its contribution to HGPS, and its therapeutic potential has far-reaching ramifications for this disease still lacking a robust treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Kreienkamp
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics Residency, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO 63105, USA;
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63104, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-314-977-9244
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21
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Sanches-Silva A, Testai L, Nabavi SF, Battino M, Pandima Devi K, Tejada S, Sureda A, Xu S, Yousefi B, Majidinia M, Russo GL, Efferth T, Nabavi SM, Farzaei MH. Therapeutic potential of polyphenols in cardiovascular diseases: Regulation of mTOR signaling pathway. Pharmacol Res 2020; 152:104626. [PMID: 31904507 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases comprise of non-communicable disorders that involve the heart and/or blood vessels and have become the leading cause of death worldwide with increased prevalence by age. mTOR is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase which plays a central role in many physiological processes including cardiovascular diseases, and also integrates various proliferative signals, nutrient and energy abundance and stressful situations. mTOR also acts as central regulator during chronic stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and deregulated autophagy which are associated with senescence. Under oxidative stress, mTOR has been reported to exert protective effects regulating apoptosis and autophagy processes and favoring tissue repair. On the other hand, inhibition of mTOR has been suggested to have beneficial effects against atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, and also in extending the lifespan. In this aspect, the use of drugs or natural compounds, which can target mTOR is an interesting approach in order to reduce the number of deaths caused by cardiovascular disease. In the present review, we intend to shed light on the possible effects and molecular mechanism of natural agents like polyphenols via regulating mTOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sanches-Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal; Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lara Testai
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, via Bonanno 6 - 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy; Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain; International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kasi Pandima Devi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University (Science Campus), Karaikudi 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Biology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, E-07122, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Suowen Xu
- University of Rochester, Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rochester, NY, 14623, USA
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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22
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Hitzert MM, van der Crabben SN, Baldewsingh G, van Amstel HKP, van den Wijngaard A, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA, Zijlmans CWR. Mandibuloacral dysplasia type B (MADB): a cohort of eight patients from Suriname with a homozygous founder mutation in ZMPSTE24 (FACE1), clinical diagnostic criteria and management guidelines. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:294. [PMID: 31856865 PMCID: PMC6924056 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1269-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mandibuloacral Dysplasia with type B lipodystrophy (MADB) is a rare premature aging disorder with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. MADB is characterized by brittle hair, mottled, atrophic skin, generalized lipodystrophy, insulin resistance, metabolic complications and skeletal features like stunted growth, mandibular and clavicular hypoplasia and acro-osteolysis of the distal phalanges. MADB is caused by reduced activity of the enzyme zinc metalloprotease ZMPSTE24 resulting from compound heterozygous or homozygous mutations in ZMPSTE24. Methods In 2012, and again in 2018, eight related patients from the remote tropical rainforest of inland Suriname were analysed for dysmorphic features. DNA analysis was performed and clinical features were documented. We also analysed all previously reported genetically confirmed MADB patients from literature (n = 12) for their clinical features. Based on the features of all cases (n = 20) we defined major criteria as those present in 85–100% of all MADB patients and minor criteria as those present in 70–84% of patients. Results All the Surinamese patients are of African descent and share the same homozygous c.1196A > G, p.(Tyr399Cys) missense variant in the ZMPSTE24 gene, confirming MADB. Major criteria were found to be: short stature, clavicular hypoplasia, delayed closure of cranial sutures, high palate, mandibular hypoplasia, dental crowding, acro-osteolysis of the distal phalanges, hypoplastic nails, brittle and/or sparse hair, mottled pigmentation, atrophic and sclerodermic skin, and calcified skin nodules. Minor criteria were (generalized or partial) lipoatrophy of the extremities, joint contractures and shortened phalanges. Based on our detailed clinical observations, and a review of previously described cases, we propose that the clinical diagnosis of MADB is highly likely if a patient exhibits ≥4 major clinical criteria OR ≥ 3 major clinical criteria and ≥ 2 minor clinical criteria. Conclusions We report on eight related Surinamese patients with MADB due to a homozygous founder mutation in ZMPSTE24. In low-income countries laboratory facilities for molecular genetic testing are scarce or lacking. However, because diagnosing MADB is essential for guiding clinical management and for family counselling, we defined clinical diagnostic criteria and suggest management guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Hitzert
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - S N van der Crabben
- Department of Medical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Baldewsingh
- Medical Mission Primary Health Care Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - H K Ploos van Amstel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A van den Wijngaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C M A van Ravenswaaij-Arts
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C W R Zijlmans
- Scientific Research Centre Suriname, Academic Hospital Paramaribo, Paramaribo, Suriname.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname.,Department of Paediatrics, Diakonessenhuis Hospital, Paramaribo, Suriname
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23
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Bernasconi P, Carboni N, Ricci G, Siciliano G, Politano L, Maggi L, Mongini T, Vercelli L, Rodolico C, Biagini E, Boriani G, Ruggiero L, Santoro L, Schena E, Prencipe S, Evangelisti C, Pegoraro E, Morandi L, Columbaro M, Lanzuolo C, Sabatelli P, Cavalcante P, Cappelletti C, Bonne G, Muchir A, Lattanzi G. Elevated TGF β2 serum levels in Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy: Implications for myocyte and tenocyte differentiation and fibrogenic processes. Nucleus 2019; 9:292-304. [PMID: 29693488 PMCID: PMC5973167 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1467722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Among rare diseases caused by mutations in LMNA gene, Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy type 2 and Limb-Girdle muscular Dystrophy 1B are characterized by muscle weakness and wasting, joint contractures, cardiomyopathy with conduction system disorders. Circulating biomarkers for these pathologies have not been identified. Here, we analyzed the secretome of a cohort of patients affected by these muscular laminopathies in the attempt to identify a common signature. Multiplex cytokine assay showed that transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF β2) and interleukin 17 serum levels are consistently elevated in the vast majority of examined patients, while interleukin 6 and basic fibroblast growth factor are altered in subgroups of patients. Levels of TGF β2 are also increased in fibroblast and myoblast cultures established from patient biopsies as well as in serum from mice bearing the H222P Lmna mutation causing Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy in humans. Both patient serum and fibroblast conditioned media activated a TGF β2-dependent fibrogenic program in normal human myoblasts and tenocytes and inhibited myoblast differentiation. Consistent with these results, a TGF β2 neutralizing antibody avoided fibrogenic marker activation and myogenesis impairment. Cell intrinsic TGF β2-dependent mechanisms were also determined in laminopathic cells, where TGF β2 activated AKT/mTOR phosphorylation. These data show that TGF β2 contributes to the pathogenesis of Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy type 2 and Limb-Girdle muscular Dystrophy 1B and can be considered a potential biomarker of those diseases. Further, the evidence of TGF β2 pathogenetic effects in tenocytes provides the first mechanistic insight into occurrence of joint contractures in muscular laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Bernasconi
- a Neurology IV - Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit , Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta" , Milan , Italy
| | - Nicola Carboni
- b Neurology Department , Hospital San Francesco of Nuoro , Nuoro , Italy
| | - Giulia Ricci
- c Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Gabriele Siciliano
- c Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Luisa Politano
- d Cardiomyology and Medical Genetics, Department of Experimental Medicine , Campania University "Luigi Vanvitelli" (former denomination: Second University of Naples) , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Maggi
- a Neurology IV - Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit , Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta" , Milan , Italy
| | - Tiziana Mongini
- e Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini" , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Liliana Vercelli
- e Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini" , University of Turin , Turin , Italy
| | - Carmelo Rodolico
- f Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "ISASI Edoardo Caianello", National Research Council of Italy , Messina , Italy
| | - Elena Biagini
- g Istituto di Cardiologia, Università di Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi , Bologna , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- h Cardiology Division, Department of Diagnostics , Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena , Modena , Italy
| | - Lucia Ruggiero
- i Department of Neurosciences , Odontostomatological and Reproductive Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Lucio Santoro
- i Department of Neurosciences , Odontostomatological and Reproductive Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II" , Naples , Italy
| | - Elisa Schena
- j Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM)-CNR, Unit of Bologna , Bologna , Italy.,k Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology , Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute , Bologna , Italy
| | - Sabino Prencipe
- j Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM)-CNR, Unit of Bologna , Bologna , Italy.,k Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology , Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute , Bologna , Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- j Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM)-CNR, Unit of Bologna , Bologna , Italy.,k Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology , Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute , Bologna , Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- l Department of Neurosciences , Neuromuscular Center, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Lucia Morandi
- a Neurology IV - Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit , Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta" , Milan , Italy
| | - Marta Columbaro
- k Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology , Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute , Bologna , Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzuolo
- m Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo and Enrica Invernizzi" , Milan , Italy.,n Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation , Rome , Italy
| | - Patrizia Sabatelli
- j Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM)-CNR, Unit of Bologna , Bologna , Italy.,k Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology , Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute , Bologna , Italy
| | - Paola Cavalcante
- a Neurology IV - Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit , Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta" , Milan , Italy
| | - Cristina Cappelletti
- a Neurology IV - Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit , Foundation IRCCS Neurological Institute "Carlo Besta" , Milan , Italy
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- o Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, G.H. Pitié Salpêtrière , Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Antoine Muchir
- o Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, CNRS FRE3617, Center for Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, G.H. Pitié Salpêtrière , Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- j Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM)-CNR, Unit of Bologna , Bologna , Italy.,k Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology , Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute , Bologna , Italy
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24
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Kawakami Y, Hambright WS, Takayama K, Mu X, Lu A, Cummins JH, Matsumoto T, Yurube T, Kuroda R, Kurosaka M, Fu FH, Robbins PD, Niedernhofer LJ, Huard J. Rapamycin Rescues Age-Related Changes in Muscle-Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells from Progeroid Mice. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2019; 14:64-76. [PMID: 31312666 PMCID: PMC6610712 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging-related loss of adult stem cell function contributes to impaired tissue regeneration. Mice deficient in zinc metalloproteinase STE24 (Zmpste24−/−) exhibit premature age-related musculoskeletal pathologies similar to those observed in children with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). We have reported that muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs) isolated from Zmpste24−/− mice are defective in their proliferation and differentiation capabilities in culture and during tissue regeneration. The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) regulates cell growth, and inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway extends the lifespan of several animal species. We therefore hypothesized that inhibition of mTORC1 signaling would rescue the differentiation defects observed in progeroid MDSPCs. MDSPCs were isolated from Zmpste24−/− mice, and the effects of mTORC1 on MDSPC differentiation and function were examined. We found that mTORC1 signaling was increased in senescent Zmpste24−/− MDSPCs, along with impaired chondrogenic, osteogenic, and myogenic differentiation capacity versus wild-type MDSPCs. Interestingly, we observed that mTORC1 inhibition with rapamycin improved myogenic and chondrogenic differentiation and reduced levels of apoptosis and senescence in Zmpste24−/− MDSPCs. Our results demonstrate that age-related adult stem/progenitor cell dysfunction contributes to impaired regenerative capacities and that mTORC1 inhibition may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for improving differentiation capacities of senescent stem and muscle progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Kawakami
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - William S Hambright
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA.,Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA
| | - Koji Takayama
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Xiaodong Mu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA.,Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA
| | - Aiping Lu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA.,Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA
| | - James H Cummins
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takashi Yurube
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kurosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | - Freddie H Fu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Institute on Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Institute on Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Johnny Huard
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, CO 81657, USA
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25
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The Cutting Edge: The Role of mTOR Signaling in Laminopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040847. [PMID: 30781376 PMCID: PMC6412338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase that regulates anabolic and catabolic processes, in response to environmental inputs. The existence of mTOR in numerous cell compartments explains its specific ability to sense stress, execute growth signals, and regulate autophagy. mTOR signaling deregulation is closely related to aging and age-related disorders, among which progeroid laminopathies represent genetically characterized clinical entities with well-defined phenotypes. These diseases are caused by LMNA mutations and feature altered bone turnover, metabolic dysregulation, and mild to severe segmental progeria. Different LMNA mutations cause muscular, adipose tissue and nerve pathologies in the absence of major systemic involvement. This review explores recent advances on mTOR involvement in progeroid and tissue-specific laminopathies. Indeed, hyper-activation of protein kinase B (AKT)/mTOR signaling has been demonstrated in muscular laminopathies, and rescue of mTOR-regulated pathways increases lifespan in animal models of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Further, rapamycin, the best known mTOR inhibitor, has been used to elicit autophagy and degradation of mutated lamin A or progerin in progeroid cells. This review focuses on mTOR-dependent pathogenetic events identified in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, LMNA-related cardiomyopathies, Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria, mandibuloacral dysplasia, and type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy. Pharmacological application of mTOR inhibitors in view of therapeutic strategies is also discussed.
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26
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Mattioli E, Andrenacci D, Mai A, Valente S, Robijns J, De Vos WH, Capanni C, Lattanzi G. Statins and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Affect Lamin A/C - Histone Deacetylase 2 Interaction in Human Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:6. [PMID: 30766871 PMCID: PMC6365888 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently identified lamin A/C as a docking molecule for human histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and showed involvement of HDAC2-lamin A/C complexes in the DNA damage response. We further showed that lamin A/C-HDAC2 interaction is altered in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome and other progeroid laminopathies. Here, we show that both inhibitors of lamin A maturation and small molecules inhibiting HDAC activity affect lamin A/C interaction with HDAC2. While statins, which inhibit prelamin A processing, reduce protein interaction, HDAC inhibitors strengthen protein binding. Moreover, treatment with HDAC inhibitors restored the enfeebled lamin A/C-HDAC2 interaction observed in HGPS cells. Based on these results, we propose that prelamin A levels as well as HDAC2 activation status might influence the extent of HDAC2 recruitment to the lamin A/C-containing platform and contribute to modulate HDAC2 activity. Our study links prelamin A processing to HDAC2 regulation and provides new insights into the effect of statins and histone deacetylase inhibitors on lamin A/C functionality in normal and progeroid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Mattioli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Andrenacci
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Pasteur Institute Italy, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Pasteur Institute Italy, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Joke Robijns
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cristina Capanni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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27
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Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome-Current Status and Prospects for Gene Therapy Treatment. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020088. [PMID: 30691039 PMCID: PMC6406247 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is one of the most severe disorders among laminopathies—a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases with a molecular background based on mutations in the LMNA gene and genes coding for interacting proteins. HGPS is characterized by the presence of aging-associated symptoms, including lack of subcutaneous fat, alopecia, swollen veins, growth retardation, age spots, joint contractures, osteoporosis, cardiovascular pathology, and death due to heart attacks and strokes in childhood. LMNA codes for two major, alternatively spliced transcripts, give rise to lamin A and lamin C proteins. Mutations in the LMNA gene alone, depending on the nature and location, may result in the expression of abnormal protein or loss of protein expression and cause at least 11 disease phenotypes, differing in severity and affected tissue. LMNA gene-related HGPS is caused by a single mutation in the LMNA gene in exon 11. The mutation c.1824C > T results in activation of the cryptic donor splice site, which leads to the synthesis of progerin protein lacking 50 amino acids. The accumulation of progerin is the reason for appearance of the phenotype. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of HGPS and provide a critical analysis of current research trends in this field. We also discuss the mouse models available so far, the current status of treatment of the disease, and future prospects for the development of efficient therapies, including gene therapy for HGPS.
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28
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Mattioli E, Andrenacci D, Garofalo C, Prencipe S, Scotlandi K, Remondini D, Gentilini D, Di Blasio AM, Valente S, Scarano E, Cicchilitti L, Piaggio G, Mai A, Lattanzi G. Altered modulation of lamin A/C-HDAC2 interaction and p21 expression during oxidative stress response in HGPS. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12824. [PMID: 30109767 PMCID: PMC6156291 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in stress response are main determinants of cellular senescence and organism aging. In fibroblasts from patients affected by Hutchinson-Gilford progeria, a severe LMNA-linked syndrome associated with bone resorption, cardiovascular disorders, and premature aging, we found altered modulation of CDKN1A, encoding p21, upon oxidative stress induction, and accumulation of senescence markers during stress recovery. In this context, we unraveled a dynamic interaction of lamin A/C with HDAC2, an histone deacetylase that regulates CDKN1A expression. In control skin fibroblasts, lamin A/C is part of a protein complex including HDAC2 and its histone substrates; protein interaction is reduced at the onset of DNA damage response and recovered after completion of DNA repair. This interplay parallels modulation of p21 expression and global histone acetylation, and it is disrupted by LMNAmutations leading to progeroid phenotypes. In fact, HGPS cells show impaired lamin A/C-HDAC2 interplay and accumulation of p21 upon stress recovery. Collectively, these results link altered physical interaction between lamin A/C and HDAC2 to cellular and organism aging. The lamin A/C-HDAC2 complex may be a novel therapeutic target to slow down progression of progeria symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Mattioli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna; Bologna Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute; IRCCS; Bologna Italy
| | - Davide Andrenacci
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna; Bologna Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute; IRCCS; Bologna Italy
| | - Cecilia Garofalo
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute; IRCCS; Bologna Italy
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Lab; Rizzoli Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - Sabino Prencipe
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna; Bologna Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute; IRCCS; Bologna Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute; IRCCS; Bologna Italy
- CRS Development of Biomolecular Therapies, Experimental Oncology Lab; Rizzoli Institute; Bologna Italy
| | - Daniel Remondini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Davide Gentilini
- Centre for Biomedical Research and Technologies; Italian Auxologic Institute, IRCCS; Milan Italy
| | - Anna Maria Di Blasio
- Centre for Biomedical Research and Technologies; Italian Auxologic Institute, IRCCS; Milan Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies; Pasteur Institute Italy; Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Emanuela Scarano
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Rare Diseases Unit; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Lucia Cicchilitti
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies; IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute; Rome Italy
| | - Giulia Piaggio
- UOSD SAFU, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies; IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute; Rome Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies; Pasteur Institute Italy; Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation; Sapienza University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna; Bologna Italy
- Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute; IRCCS; Bologna Italy
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29
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Bikkul MU, Clements CS, Godwin LS, Goldberg MW, Kill IR, Bridger JM. Farnesyltransferase inhibitor and rapamycin correct aberrant genome organisation and decrease DNA damage respectively, in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome fibroblasts. Biogerontology 2018; 19:579-602. [PMID: 29907918 PMCID: PMC6223735 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare and fatal premature ageing disease in children. HGPS is one of several progeroid syndromes caused by mutations in the LMNA gene encoding the nuclear structural proteins lamins A and C. In classic HGPS the mutation G608G leads to the formation of a toxic lamin A protein called progerin. During post-translational processing progerin remains farnesylated owing to the mutation interfering with a step whereby the farnesyl moiety is removed by the enzyme ZMPSTE24. Permanent farnesylation of progerin is thought to be responsible for the proteins toxicity. Farnesyl is generated through the mevalonate pathway and three drugs that interfere with this pathway and hence the farnesylation of proteins have been administered to HGPS children in clinical trials. These are a farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI), statin and a bisphosphonate. Further experimental studies have revealed that other drugs such as N-acetyl cysteine, rapamycin and IGF-1 may be of use in treating HGPS through other pathways. We have shown previously that FTIs restore chromosome positioning in interphase HGPS nuclei. Mis-localisation of chromosomes could affect the cells ability to regulate proper genome function. Using nine different drug treatments representing drug regimes in the clinic we have shown that combinatorial treatments containing FTIs are most effective in restoring specific chromosome positioning towards the nuclear periphery and in tethering telomeres to the nucleoskeleton. On the other hand, rapamycin was found to be detrimental to telomere tethering, it was, nonetheless, the most effective at inducing DNA damage repair, as revealed by COMET analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet U Bikkul
- Progeria Research Team, Healthy Ageing Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Craig S Clements
- Progeria Research Team, Healthy Ageing Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Lauren S Godwin
- Progeria Research Team, Healthy Ageing Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Martin W Goldberg
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Ian R Kill
- Progeria Research Team, Healthy Ageing Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Joanna M Bridger
- Progeria Research Team, Healthy Ageing Theme, Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
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Simon DN, Wriston A, Fan Q, Shabanowitz J, Florwick A, Dharmaraj T, Peterson SB, Gruenbaum Y, Carlson CR, Grønning-Wang LM, Hunt DF, Wilson KL. OGT ( O-GlcNAc Transferase) Selectively Modifies Multiple Residues Unique to Lamin A. Cells 2018; 7:E44. [PMID: 29772801 PMCID: PMC5981268 DOI: 10.3390/cells7050044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The LMNA gene encodes lamins A and C with key roles in nuclear structure, signaling, gene regulation, and genome integrity. Mutations in LMNA cause over 12 diseases ('laminopathies'). Lamins A and C are identical for their first 566 residues. However, they form separate filaments in vivo, with apparently distinct roles. We report that lamin A is β-O-linked N-acetylglucosamine-(O-GlcNAc)-modified in human hepatoma (Huh7) cells and in mouse liver. In vitro assays with purified O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) enzyme showed robust O-GlcNAcylation of recombinant mature lamin A tails (residues 385⁻646), with no detectable modification of lamin B1, lamin C, or 'progerin' (Δ50) tails. Using mass spectrometry, we identified 11 O-GlcNAc sites in a 'sweet spot' unique to lamin A, with up to seven sugars per peptide. Most sites were unpredicted by current algorithms. Double-mutant (S612A/T643A) lamin A tails were still robustly O-GlcNAc-modified at seven sites. By contrast, O-GlcNAcylation was undetectable on tails bearing deletion Δ50, which causes Hutchinson⁻Gilford progeria syndrome, and greatly reduced by deletion Δ35. We conclude that residues deleted in progeria are required for substrate recognition and/or modification by OGT in vitro. Interestingly, deletion Δ35, which does not remove the majority of identified O-GlcNAc sites, does remove potential OGT-association motifs (lamin A residues 622⁻625 and 639⁻645) homologous to that in mouse Tet1. These biochemical results are significant because they identify a novel molecular pathway that may profoundly influence lamin A function. The hypothesis that lamin A is selectively regulated by OGT warrants future testing in vivo, along with two predictions: genetic variants may contribute to disease by perturbing OGT-dependent regulation, and nutrient or other stresses might cause OGT to misregulate wildtype lamin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan N Simon
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Amanda Wriston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | - Qiong Fan
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jeffrey Shabanowitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | - Alyssa Florwick
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Tejas Dharmaraj
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Sherket B Peterson
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Yosef Gruenbaum
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Cathrine R Carlson
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, 0450 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Line M Grønning-Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Donald F Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
| | - Katherine L Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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31
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Gargiuli C, Schena E, Mattioli E, Columbaro M, D'Apice MR, Novelli G, Greggi T, Lattanzi G. Lamins and bone disorders: current understanding and perspectives. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22817-22831. [PMID: 29854317 PMCID: PMC5978267 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamin A/C is a major constituent of the nuclear lamina implicated in a number of genetic diseases, collectively known as laminopathies. The most severe forms of laminopathies feature, among other symptoms, congenital scoliosis, osteoporosis, osteolysis or delayed cranial ossification. Importantly, specific bone districts are typically affected in laminopathies. Spine is severely affected in LMNA-linked congenital muscular dystrophy. Mandible, terminal phalanges and clavicles undergo osteolytic processes in progeroid laminopathies and Restrictive Dermopathy, a lethal developmental laminopathy. This specificity suggests that lamin A/C regulates fine mechanisms of bone turnover, as supported by data showing that lamin A/C mutations activate non-canonical pathways of osteoclastogenesis, as the one dependent on TGF beta 2. Here, we review current knowledge on laminopathies affecting bone and LMNA involvement in bone turnover and highlight lamin-dependent mechanisms causing bone disorders. This knowledge can be exploited to identify new therapeutic approaches not only for laminopathies, but also for other rare diseases featuring bone abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Gargiuli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Schena
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mattioli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Columbaro
- Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Medical Genetics Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Greggi
- Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Spine Deformity Department, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
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32
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Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the kinase subunit of two structurally and functionally distinct large multiprotein complexes, referred to as mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. mTORC1 and mTORC2 play key physiological roles as they control anabolic and catabolic processes in response to external cues in a variety of tissues and organs. However, mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities are deregulated in widespread human diseases, including cancer. Cancer cells take advantage of mTOR oncogenic signaling to drive their proliferation, survival, metabolic transformation, and metastatic potential. Therefore, mTOR lends itself very well as a therapeutic target for innovative cancer treatment. mTOR was initially identified as the target of the antibiotic rapamycin that displayed remarkable antitumor activity in vitro Promising preclinical studies using rapamycin and its derivatives (rapalogs) demonstrated efficacy in many human cancer types, hence supporting the launch of numerous clinical trials aimed to evaluate the real effectiveness of mTOR-targeted therapies. However, rapamycin and rapalogs have shown very limited activity in most clinical contexts, also when combined with other drugs. Thus, novel classes of mTOR inhibitors with a stronger antineoplastic potency have been developed. Nevertheless, emerging clinical data suggest that also these novel mTOR-targeting drugs may have a weak antitumor activity. Here, we summarize the current status of available mTOR inhibitors and highlight the most relevant results from both preclinical and clinical studies that have provided valuable insights into both their efficacy and failure.
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33
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Ferro A. Mechanistic target of rapamycin modulation: an emerging therapeutic approach in a wide variety of disease processes. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 82:1156-1157. [PMID: 27734581 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Ferro
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, King's College London, London, UK.
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34
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Mandibuloacral dysplasia: A premature ageing disease with aspects of physiological ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2018; 42:1-13. [PMID: 29208544 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mandibuloacral dysplasia (MAD) is a rare genetic condition characterized by bone abnormalities including localized osteolysis and generalized osteoporosis, skin pigmentation, lipodystrophic signs and mildly accelerated ageing. The molecular defects associated with MAD are mutations in LMNA or ZMPSTE24 (FACE1) gene, causing type A or type B MAD, respectively. Downstream of LMNA or ZMPSTE24 mutations, the lamin A precursor, prelamin A, is accumulated in cells and affects chromatin dynamics and stress response. A new form of mandibuloacral dysplasia has been recently associated with mutations in POLD1 gene, encoding DNA polymerase delta, a major player in DNA replication. Of note, involvement of prelamin A in chromatin dynamics and recruitment of DNA repair factors has been also determined under physiological conditions, at the border between stress response and cellular senescence. Here, we review current knowledge on MAD clinical and pathogenetic aspects and highlight aspects typical of physiological ageing.
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35
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Lamins and metabolism. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:105-111. [PMID: 27974395 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lamins are nuclear intermediate filaments (IFs) with important roles in most nuclear activities, including nuclear organization and cell-cycle progression. Mutations in human lamins cause over 17 different diseases, termed laminopathies. Most of these diseases are autosomal dominant and can be roughly divided into four major groups: muscle diseases, peripheral neuronal diseases, accelerated aging disorders and metabolic diseases including Dunnigan type familial partial lipodystrophy (FLPD), acquired partial lipodystrophy (APL) and autosomal dominant leucodystrophy. Mutations in lamins are also associated with the metabolic syndrome (MS). Cells derived from patients suffering from metabolic laminopathies, as well as cells derived from the corresponding animal models, show a disruption of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, abnormal autophagy, altered proliferative rate and down-regulation of genes that regulate adipogenesis. In addition, treating Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) cells with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin improves their fate. In this review, we will discuss the ways by which lamin genes are involved in the regulation of cell metabolism.
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36
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Florwick A, Dharmaraj T, Jurgens J, Valle D, Wilson KL. LMNA Sequences of 60,706 Unrelated Individuals Reveal 132 Novel Missense Variants in A-Type Lamins and Suggest a Link between Variant p.G602S and Type 2 Diabetes. Front Genet 2017; 8:79. [PMID: 28663758 PMCID: PMC5471320 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in LMNA, encoding nuclear intermediate filament proteins lamins A and C, cause multiple diseases ('laminopathies') including muscular dystrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy, familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD2), insulin resistance syndrome and progeria. To assess the prevalence of LMNA missense mutations ('variants') in a broad, ethnically diverse population, we compared missense alleles found among 60,706 unrelated individuals in the ExAC cohort to those identified in 1,404 individuals in the laminopathy database (UMD-LMNA). We identified 169 variants in the ExAC cohort, of which 37 (∼22%) are disease-associated including p.I299V (allele frequency 0.0402%), p.G602S (allele frequency 0.0262%) and p.R644C (allele frequency 0.124%), suggesting certain LMNA mutations are more common than previously recognized. Independent analysis of LMNA variants via the type 2 diabetes (T2D) Knowledge Portal showed that variant p.G602S associated significantly with type 2 diabetes (p = 0.02; odds ratio = 4.58), and was more frequent in African Americans (allele frequency 0.297%). The FPLD2-associated variant I299V was most prevalent in Latinos (allele frequency 0.347%). The ExAC cohort also revealed 132 novel LMNA missense variants including p.K108E (limited to individuals with psychiatric disease; predicted to perturb coil-1B), p.R397C and p.R427C (predicted to perturb filament biogenesis), p.G638R and p.N660D (predicted to perturb prelamin A processing), and numerous Ig-fold variants predicted to perturb phenotypically characteristic protein-protein interactions. Overall, this two-pronged strategy- mining a large database for missense variants in a single gene (LMNA), coupled to knowledge about the structure, biogenesis and functions of A-type lamins- revealed an unexpected number of LMNA variants, including novel variants predicted to perturb lamin assembly or function. Interestingly, this study also correlated novel variant p.K108E with psychiatric disease, identified known variant p.I299V as a potential risk factor for metabolic disease in Latinos, linked variant p.G602 with type 2 diabetes, and identified p.G602S as a predictor of diabetes risk in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Florwick
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BaltimoreMD, United States
| | - Tejas Dharmaraj
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BaltimoreMD, United States
| | - Julie Jurgens
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BaltimoreMD, United States
| | - David Valle
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BaltimoreMD, United States
| | - Katherine L. Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, BaltimoreMD, United States
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37
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Petrini S, Borghi R, D'Oria V, Restaldi F, Moreno S, Novelli A, Bertini E, Compagnucci C. Aged induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) as a new cellular model for studying premature aging. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:1453-1469. [PMID: 28562315 PMCID: PMC5472744 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear integrity and mechanical stability of the nuclear envelope (NE) are conferred by the nuclear lamina, a meshwork of intermediate filaments composed of A- and B-type lamins, supporting the inner nuclear membrane and playing a pivotal role in chromatin organization and epigenetic regulation. During cell senescence, nuclear alterations also involving NE architecture are widely described. In the present study, we utilized induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) upon prolonged in vitro culture as a model to study aging and investigated the organization and expression pattern of NE major constituents. Confocal and four-dimensional imaging combined with molecular analyses, showed that aged iPSCs are characterized by nuclear dysmorphisms, nucleoskeletal components (lamin A/C-prelamin isoforms, lamin B1, emerin, and nesprin-2) imbalance, leading to impaired nucleo-cytoplasmic MKL1 shuttling, actin polymerization defects, mitochondrial dysfunctions, SIRT7 downregulation and NF-kBp65 hyperactivation. The observed age-related NE features of iPSCs closely resemble those reported for premature aging syndromes (e.g., Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome) and for somatic cell senescence. These findings validate the use of aged iPSCs as a suitable cellular model to study senescence and for investigating therapeutic strategies aimed to treat premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Petrini
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesu’ Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Rossella Borghi
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu’ Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
- Department of Science-LIME, University “Roma Tre”, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Valentina D'Oria
- Confocal Microscopy Core Facility, Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesu’ Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Restaldi
- Medical Genetic Unit and Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesu’ Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Moreno
- Department of Science-LIME, University “Roma Tre”, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Medical Genetic Unit and Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Bambino Gesu’ Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu’ Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Claudia Compagnucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Bambino Gesu’ Children's Research Hospital, IRCCS, Rome 00146, Italy
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38
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Zhang L, Justus S, Xu Y, Pluchenik T, Hsu CW, Yang J, Duong JK, Lin CS, Jia Y, Bassuk AG, Mahajan VB, Tsang SH. Reprogramming towards anabolism impedes degeneration in a preclinical model of retinitis pigmentosa. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4244-4255. [PMID: 27516389 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an incurable neurodegenerative condition featuring photoreceptor death that leads to blindness. Currently, there is no approved therapeutic for photoreceptor degenerative conditions like RP and atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Although there are promising results in human gene therapy, RP is a genetically diverse disorder, such that gene-specific therapies would be practical in a small fraction of patients with RP. Here, we explore a non-gene-specific strategy that entails reprogramming photoreceptors towards anabolism by upregulating the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. We conditionally ablated the tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (Tsc1) gene, an mTOR inhibitor, in the rods of the Pde6bH620Q/H620Q preclinical RP mouse model and observed, functionally and morphologically, an improvement in the survival of rods and cones at early and late disease stages. These results elucidate the ability of reprogramming the metabolome to slow photoreceptor degeneration. This strategy may also be applicable to a wider range of neurodegenerative diseases, as enhancement of nutrient uptake is not gene-specific and is implicated in multiple pathologies. Enhancing anabolism promoted neuronal survival and function and could potentially benefit a number of photoreceptor and other degenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhang
- Barbara & Donald Jonas Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Shanxi Eye Hospital, affiliated with Shanxi Medical University, Xinghualing, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Sally Justus
- Barbara & Donald Jonas Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Xu
- Barbara & Donald Jonas Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tamara Pluchenik
- Barbara & Donald Jonas Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chun-Wei Hsu
- Barbara & Donald Jonas Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jin Yang
- Barbara & Donald Jonas Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jimmy K Duong
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Chyuan-Sheng Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Transgenic Animal Facility, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yading Jia
- Shanxi Eye Hospital, affiliated with Shanxi Medical University, Xinghualing, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Alexander G Bassuk
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Vinit B Mahajan
- Omics Laboratory, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Barbara & Donald Jonas Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, and Bernard & Shirlee Brown Glaucoma Laboratory, Departments of Ophthalmology and Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA .,Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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39
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Vidali S, Chéret J, Giesen M, Haeger S, Alam M, Watson REB, Langton AK, Klinger M, Knuever J, Funk W, Kofler B, Paus R. Thyroid Hormones Enhance Mitochondrial Function in Human Epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:2003-2012. [PMID: 27349864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.05.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Since it is unknown whether thyroid hormones (THs) regulate mitochondrial function in human epidermis, we treated organ-cultured human skin, or isolated cultured human epidermal keratinocytes, with triiodothyronine (100 pmol/L) or thyroxine (100 nmol/L). Both THs significantly increased protein expression of the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome C oxidase I (MTCO1), complex I activity, and the number of perinuclear mitochondria. Triiodothyronine also increased mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) protein expression, and thyroxine stimulated complex II/IV activity. Increased mitochondrial function can correlate with increased reactive oxygen species production, DNA damage, and accelerated tissue aging. However, THs neither raised reactive oxygen species production or matrix metalloproteinase-1, -2 and -9 activity nor decreased sirtuin1 (Sirt1) immunoreactivity. Instead, triiodothyronine increased sirtuin-1, fibrillin-1, proliferator-activated receptor-gamma 1-alpha (PGC1α), collagen I and III transcription, and thyroxine decreased cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (p16(ink4)) expression in organ-cultured human skin. Moreover, TH treatment increased intracutaneous fibrillin-rich microfibril and collagen III deposition and decreased mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC1/2) expression ex vivo. This identifies THs as potent endocrine stimulators of mitochondrial function in human epidermis, which down-regulates rather than enhance the expression of skin aging-related biomarkers ex vivo. Therefore, topically applied THs deserve further exploration as candidate agents for treating skin conditions characterized by reduced mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Vidali
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany; Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Laura Bassi Centre of Expertise-THERAPEP, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jérémy Chéret
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Melanie Giesen
- Henkel Beauty Care, Henkel AG and Co. KgaA, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Swantje Haeger
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Majid Alam
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rachel E B Watson
- Center for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Abigail K Langton
- Center for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Jana Knuever
- Department of Dermatology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Kofler
- Research Program for Receptor Biochemistry and Tumor Metabolism, Laura Bassi Centre of Expertise-THERAPEP, Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ralf Paus
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Center for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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40
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Evangelisti C, Cenni V, Lattanzi G. Potential therapeutic effects of the MTOR inhibitors for preventing ageing and progeria-related disorders. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 82:1229-1244. [PMID: 26952863 PMCID: PMC5061804 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is an highly conserved signal transduction axis involved in many cellular processes, such as cell growth, survival, transcription, translation, apoptosis, metabolism, motility and autophagy. Recently, this signalling pathway has come to the attention of the scientific community owing to the unexpected finding that inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin, an antibiotic with immunosuppressant and chemotherapeutic properties, extends lifespan in diverse animal models. Moreover, rapamycin has been reported to rescue the cellular phenotype in a progeroid syndrome [Hutchinson–Gilford Progeria syndrome (HGPS)] that recapitulates most of the traits of physiological ageing. The promising perspectives raised by these results warrant a better understanding of mTOR signalling and the potential applications of mTOR inhibitors to counteract ageing‐associated diseases and increase longevity. This review is focused on these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Evangelisti
- CNR Institute for Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vittoria Cenni
- CNR Institute for Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute for Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. .,Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Cell Biology, Bologna, Italy.
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