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Handoyo Utomo AR, Yusnita Y, Sari SM, Ranakusuma OI, Bagaskara S, Sari W, Suciati Y, Nur Hidayati AP, Nihayah S, Putro CA, Nurainy N. Buccal DNA global methylation and cognitive performance in stunted children under 5 years of age. J Biomed Res 2024; 38:1-9. [PMID: 39148272 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.37.20230295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of stunting in Indonesian children under five years of age is about 20%. Chronic maternal malnutrition contributes to the risk of stunting by affecting global DNA methylation. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the levels of 5-methyl-cytosine (5mC), as a surrogate marker of global DNA methylation, in buccal swabs and its potential association with risk of stunting and cognitive performance. The levels of 5mC were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence was used to measure cognitive functions. Buccal swab DNA samples and anthropometric data were collected from a total of 231 children aged zero to five years. In this cross-sectional cohort, the prevalence of stunting was 37% in 138 children aged zero to two years and 30% in 93 children aged > two years. The univariable analysis revealed that the levels of 5mC in buccal swab DNA were significantly lower in severely stunted children (median, 2.84; interquartile range [IQR], 2.39-4.62; P-value, 0.0314) and in children of a younger age (median, 2.81; IQR 2.53-4.62, P-value, 0.0001) than in normal (median, 3.75; IQR, 2.80-4.74) and older children (median, 4.01, IQR, 3.39-4.87), respectively. We also found that the average cognitive scores tended to be low in boys and stunted children, although the differences were not statistically significant. Furthermore, levels of 5mC found in buccal and mouthwash DNA were not associated with cognitive scores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Octaviani Indrasari Ranakusuma
- Faculty of Psychology, UniversitasYARSI, Indonesia, Indonesia; S1 Let. Jend Suprapto, Cempaka Putih, Central Jakarta, Jakarta 10510, Indonesia
| | - Sunu Bagaskara
- Faculty of Psychology, UniversitasYARSI, Indonesia, Indonesia; S1 Let. Jend Suprapto, Cempaka Putih, Central Jakarta, Jakarta 10510, Indonesia
| | - Wening Sari
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas YARSI, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yulia Suciati
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas YARSI, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Silviatun Nihayah
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Universitas YARSI, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Catur Anggono Putro
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Universitas YARSI, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Neni Nurainy
- PT. Bio Farma, Development of Translational Biopharmaceutical Products Division, S1 Pasteur No. 28, Bandung 40161, Indonesia
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Bhatt IS, Garay JAR, Torkamani A, Dias R. DNA Methylation Patterns Associated with Tinnitus in Young Adults-A Pilot Study. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2024:10.1007/s10162-024-00961-2. [PMID: 39147981 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-024-00961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Tinnitus, the perception of sound without any external sound source, is a prevalent hearing health concern. Mounting evidence suggests that a confluence of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors can influence the pathogenesis of tinnitus. We hypothesized that alteration in DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification that occurs at cytosines of cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotide sites, where a methyl group from S-adenyl methionine gets transferred to the fifth carbon of the cytosine, could contribute to tinnitus. DNA methylation patterns are tissue-specific, but the tissues involved in tinnitus are not easily accessible in humans. This pilot study used saliva as a surrogate tissue to identify differentially methylated CpG regions (DMRs) associated with tinnitus. The study was conducted on healthy young adults reporting bilateral continuous chronic tinnitus to limit the influence of age-related confounding factors and health-related comorbidities. METHODS The present study evaluated the genome-wide methylation levels from saliva-derived DNA samples from 24 healthy young adults with bilateral continuous chronic tinnitus (> 1 year) and 24 age, sex, and ethnicity-matched controls with no tinnitus. Genome-wide DNA methylation was evaluated for > 850,000 CpG sites using the Infinium Human Methylation EPIC BeadChip. The association analysis used the Bumphunter algorithm on 23 cases and 20 controls meeting the quality control standards. The methylation level was expressed as the area under the curve of CpG sites within DMRs.The FDR-adjusted p-value threshold of 0.05 was used to identify statistically significant DMRs associated with tinnitus. RESULTS We obtained 25 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) associated with tinnitus. Genes within or in the proximity of the hypermethylated DMRs related to tinnitus included LCLAT1, RUNX1, RUFY1, NUDT12, TTC23, SLC43A2, C4orf27 (STPG2), and EFCAB4B. Genes within or in the proximity of hypomethylated DMRs associated with tinnitus included HLA-DPB2, PM20D1, TMEM18, SNTG2, MUC4, MIR886, MIR596, TXNRD1, EID3, SDHAP3, HLA-DPB2, LASS3 (CERS3), C10orf11 (LRMDA), HLA-DQB1, NADK, SZRD1, MFAP2, NUP210L, TPM3, INTS9, and SLC2A14. The burden of genetic variation could explain the differences in the methylation levels for DMRs involving HLA-DPB2, HLA-DQB1, and MUC4, indicating the need for replication in large independent cohorts. CONCLUSION Consistent with the literature on comorbidities associated with tinnitus, we identified genes within or close to DMRs involved in auditory functions, chemical dependency, cardiovascular diseases, psychiatric conditions, immune disorders, and metabolic syndromes. These results indicate that epigenetic mechanisms could influence tinnitus, and saliva can be a good surrogate for identifying the epigenetic underpinnings of tinnitus in humans. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to identify epigenetic biomarkers and investigate their influence on the phenotypic expression of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishan Sunilkumar Bhatt
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Juan Antonio Raygoza Garay
- Department of Communication Sciences & Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Ali Torkamani
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, Scripps Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Raquel Dias
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
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Di Bartolomeo M, Čerňanová A, Petrušová V, Di Martino S, Hodosy J, Drago F, Micale V, D'Addario C. DNA methylation at cannabinoid type 1 and dopamine D2 receptor genes in saliva samples of psychotic subjects: Is there an effect of Cannabis use? Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107343. [PMID: 39127265 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Psychosis is a characterizing feature of many mental disorders that dramatically affects human thoughts and perceptions, influencing the ability to distinguish between what is real and what is not. Both genetic and environmental factors, such as stressful events or drug use, play a pivotal role in the development of symptomatology and therefore changes in the epigenome may be of relevance in modeling a psychotic phenotype. According to the well-documented dysregulation of endocannabinoid and dopaminergic system genes in schizophrenia, we investigated DNA methylation cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CNR1) and dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) genes in saliva samples from psychotic subjects using pyrosequencing. The epigenetic mark was significantly higher and directly correlated for both genes in psychotic subjects compared to healthy controls. We also showed that these DNA methylation levels were lower in psychotic subjects reporting current delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) consumption, a well-known risk factor for developing psychosis throughout the lifespan, resembling those of controls at least for the DRD2 gene. Overall, our data confirm the key role of CNR1 and DRD2 gene regulation in psychosis and suggest DNA methylation levels at specific CpG sites as potential biomarkers, but just in those psychotic subjects not consuming THC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo 64100, Italy.
| | - Andrea Čerňanová
- Psychiatric Department SMU, Slovak Medical University and University Hospital Bratislava, Ružinov, Bratislava 82101, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Petrušová
- Psychiatric Department SMU, Slovak Medical University and University Hospital Bratislava, Ružinov, Bratislava 82101, Slovakia
| | - Serena Di Martino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Július Hodosy
- Emergency Department, University Hospital Bratislava, Ružinov, Bratislava 82101, Slovakia; Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava 81372, Slovakia
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Micale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Claudio D'Addario
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo 64100, Italy; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 17177, Sweden.
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4
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Cuyvers B, Ein-Dor T, Houbrechts M, Freson K, Goossens L, Van Den Noortgate W, van Leeuwen K, Bijttebier P, Claes S, Turner J, Chubar V, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Bosmans G. Exploring the role of OXTR gene methylation in attachment development: A longitudinal study. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22496. [PMID: 38689124 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The current study explored longitudinally whether oxytocin receptor gene methylation (OXTRm) changes moderated the association between parental sensitivity changes and children's attachment changes over three waves. Six hundred six Flemish children (10-12 years, 42.8%-44.8% boys) completed attachment measures and provided salivary OXTRm data on seven CpG sites. Their parents reported their sensitive parenting. Results suggest that OXTRm changes hardly link to attachment (in)security changes after the age of 10. Some support was found for interaction effects between parental sensitivity changes and OXTRm changes on attachment changes over time. Effects suggest that for children with increased OXTRm in the promotor region and decreased methylation in the inhibitor region over time, increased parental sensitivity was associated with increased secure attachment and decreased insecure attachment over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bien Cuyvers
- Clinical Psychology, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tsachi Ein-Dor
- Social Sciences, School of Psychology, Reichman University Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
| | | | - Kathleen Freson
- Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Goossens
- School Psychology and Development in Context, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Karla van Leeuwen
- Family and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patricia Bijttebier
- School Psychology and Development in Context, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan Claes
- Research Group Psychiatry, UZ Leuven-KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Turner
- Immune Endocrine Epigenetics Research Group, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Esch sur Alzette, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Viktoria Chubar
- Research Group Psychiatry, UZ Leuven-KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg
- William James Center for Research, ISPA University Institute of sychological, Social and Life Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centre for Attachment Research, the New School for Social Research, New York, USA
| | - Guy Bosmans
- Clinical Psychology, KU Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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Taylor JY, Jones-Patten A, Prescott L, Potts-Thompson S, Joyce C, Tayo B, Saban K. The race-based stress reduction intervention (RiSE) study on African American women in NYC and Chicago: Design and methods for complex genomic analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295293. [PMID: 38598554 PMCID: PMC11006145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
RiSE study aims to evaluate a race-based stress-reduction intervention as an effective strategy to improve coping and decrease stress-related symptoms, inflammatory burden, and modify DNA methylation of stress response-related genes in older AA women. This article will describe genomic analytic methods to be utilized in this longitudinal, randomized clinical trial of older adult AA women in Chicago and NYC that examines the effect of the RiSE intervention on DNAm pre- and post-intervention, and its overall influence on inflammatory burden. Salivary DNAm will be measured at baseline and 6 months following the intervention, using the Oragene-DNA kit. Measures of perceived stress, depressive symptoms, fatigue, sleep, inflammatory burden, and coping strategies will be assessed at 4 time points including at baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 6 months. Genomic data analysis will include the use of pre-processed and quality-controlled methylation data expressed as beta (β) values. Association analyses will be performed to detect differentially methylated sites on the targeted candidate genes between the intervention and non-intervention groups using the Δβ (changes in methylation) with adjustment for age, health behaviors, early life adversity, hybridization batch, and top principal components of the probes as covariates. To account for multiple testing, we will use FDR adjustment with a corrected p-value of <0.05 regarded as statistically significant. To assess the relationship between inflammatory burden and Δβ among the study samples, we will repeat association analyses with the inclusion of individual inflammation protein measures. ANCOVA will be used because it is more statistically powerful to detect differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Y. Taylor
- Center for Research on People of Color, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexandria Jones-Patten
- Center for Research on People of Color, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Laura Prescott
- Center for Research on People of Color, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephanie Potts-Thompson
- Center for Research on People of Color, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Cara Joyce
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bamidele Tayo
- Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Karen Saban
- Marcella Niehoff School of Nursing, Center for Translational Research and Education, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, United States of America
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Rabotnick MH, Ehlinger J, Haidari A, Goodrich JM. Prenatal exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals: The role of multi-omics in understanding toxicity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112046. [PMID: 37598796 PMCID: PMC10592024 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a diverse group of toxicants detected in populations globally. Prenatal EDC exposures impact birth and childhood outcomes. EDCs work through persistent changes at the molecular, cellular, and organ level. Molecular and biochemical signals or 'omics' can be measured at various functional levels - including the epigenome, transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and the microbiome. In this narrative review, we introduce each omics and give examples of associations with prenatal EDC exposures. There is substantial research on epigenomic modifications in offspring exposed to EDCs during gestation, and a growing number of studies evaluating the transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, or microbiome in response to these exposures. Multi-omics, integrating data across omics layers, may improve understanding of disrupted function pathways related to early life exposures. We highlight several data integration methods to consider in multi-omics studies. Information from multi-omics can improve understanding of the biological processes and mechanisms underlying prenatal EDC toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret H Rabotnick
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jessa Ehlinger
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ariana Haidari
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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deSteiguer AJ, Raffington L, Sabhlok A, Tanksley P, Tucker-Drob EM, Harden KP. Stability of DNA-Methylation Profiles of Biological Aging in Children and Adolescents. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.30.564766. [PMID: 37961459 PMCID: PMC10635005 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.30.564766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Methylation profile scores (MPSs) index biological aging and aging-related disease in adults and are cross-sectionally associated with social determinants of health in childhood. MPSs thus provide an opportunity to trace how aging-related biology responds to environmental changes in early life. Information regarding the stability of MPSs in early life is currently lacking. Method We use longitudinal data from children and adolescents ages 8-18 (N = 428, M age = 12.15 years) from the Texas Twin Project. Participants contributed two waves of salivary DNA-methylation data (mean lag = 3.94 years), which were used to construct four MPSs reflecting multi-system physiological decline and mortality risk (PhenoAgeAccel and GrimAgeAccel), pace of biological aging (DunedinPACE), and cognitive function (Epigenetic-g). Furthermore, we exploit variation among participants in whether they were exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic during the course of study participation, in order to test how a historical period characterized by environmental disruption might affect children's aging-related MPSs. Results All MPSs showed moderate longitudinal stability (test-retest rs = 0.42, 0.44, 0.46, 0.51 for PhenoAgeAccel, GrimAgeAccel, and Epigenetic-g, and DunedinPACE, respectively). No differences in the stability of MPSs were apparent between those whose second assessment took place after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic vs. those for whom both assessments took place prior to the pandemic. Conclusions Aging-related DNA-methylation patterns are less stable in childhood than has been previously observed in adulthood. Further developmental research on the methylome is necessary to understand which environmental perturbations in childhood impact trajectories of biological aging and when children are most sensitive to those impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby J. deSteiguer
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Laurel Raffington
- Max Planck Research Group Biosocial – Biology, Social Disparities, and Development, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aditi Sabhlok
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Peter Tanksley
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Elliot M. Tucker-Drob
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - K. Paige Harden
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Koopmans Y, Nelemans SA, Bosmans G, Van Den Noortgate W, Van Leeuwen K, Goossens L. Perceived Parental Support and Psychological Control, DNA Methylation, and Loneliness: Longitudinal Associations Across Early Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2023:10.1007/s10964-023-01822-6. [PMID: 37470939 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
A broad range of factors have been associated with the development of adolescent loneliness. In the family context, a lack of parental support and high levels of parental psychological control have systematically been linked to loneliness. On the biological level, DNA methylation (which is an epigenetic process that suppresses gene expression) is believed to play a role in the development of loneliness. Specifically, high levels of DNA methylation in genes that play an important role in the functioning of the human stress response system are believed to elevate the risk of loneliness. Moreover, DNA methylation levels in these stress-related genes can be influenced by stressful environmental factors, suggesting a potential mediating role of DNA methylation in the association between parenting behaviors and loneliness. The current 3-year longitudinal study is the first study to examine the potential bidirectional longitudinal associations between loneliness, DNA methylation in stress-related genes, and both perceived parental support and psychological control. Furthermore, we explored the potential mediating role of DNA methylation in stress-related genes in the associations between perceived parenting and loneliness. The sample comprised 622 early adolescents (55% girls, Mage T1 = 10.77 years, SDage T1 = 0.48) who were followed from Grade 5 to 7. Parental support, psychological control, and loneliness were assessed annually by adolescent self-report questionnaires and DNA methylation was determined from saliva samples. Cross-Lagged Panel Models (CLPM) revealed that higher levels of loneliness predicted lower perceived parental support and higher perceived psychological control over time, as well as higher DNA methylation in some stress-related genes, that is, the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In addition, higher NR3C1 methylation was predictive of lower perceived parental support and higher psychological control over time. No evidence was found for a mediating role of DNA methylation. Overall, our longitudinal findings challenge the current focus on DNA methylation and parenting behaviors as risk factors for adolescent loneliness. Instead, they suggest that the less considered direction of effects, which implies that loneliness predicts DNA methylation and aspects of parenting such as support and psychological control, should receive greater attention in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yentl Koopmans
- School Psychology and Development in Context, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Stefanie A Nelemans
- Department of Youth and Family, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Bosmans
- Department of Clinical Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Luc Goossens
- School Psychology and Development in Context, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Patel P, Selvaraju V, Babu JR, Wang X, Geetha T. Novel Differentially Methylated Regions Identified by Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Analyses Contribute to Racial Disparities in Childhood Obesity. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051098. [PMID: 37239458 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The magnitude of the childhood obesity epidemic and its effects on public health has accelerated the pursuit of practical preventative measures. Epigenetics is one subject that holds a lot of promise, despite being relatively new. The study of potentially heritable variations in gene expression that do not require modifications to the underlying DNA sequence is known as epigenetics. Here, we used Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip Array to identify differentially methylated regions in DNA isolated from saliva between normal weight (NW) and overweight/obese (OW/OB) children and between European American (EA) and African American (AA) children. A total of 3133 target IDs (associated with 2313 genes) were differentially methylated (p < 0.05) between NW and OW/OB children. In OW/OB children, 792 target IDs were hypermethylated and 2341 were hypomethylated compared to NW. Similarly, in the racial groups EA and AA, a total of 1239 target IDs corresponding to 739 genes were significantly differentially methylated in which 643 target IDs were hypermethylated and 596 were hypomethylated in the AA compared to EA participants. Along with this, the study identified novel genes that could contribute to the epigenetic regulation of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshni Patel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | | | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Boshell Metabolic Diseases and Diabetes Program, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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10
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Baccarelli A, Dolinoy DC, Walker CL. A precision environmental health approach to prevention of human disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2449. [PMID: 37117186 PMCID: PMC10147599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37626-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human health is determined by the interaction of our environment with the genome, epigenome, and microbiome, which shape the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic landscape of cells and tissues. Precision environmental health is an emerging field leveraging environmental and system-level ('omic) data to understand underlying environmental causes of disease, identify biomarkers of exposure and response, and develop new prevention and intervention strategies. In this article we provide real-life illustrations of the utility of precision environmental health approaches, identify current challenges in the field, and outline new opportunities to promote health through a precision environmental health framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cheryl Lyn Walker
- Center for Precision Environmental Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Ben David G, Amir Y, Salalha R, Sharvit L, Richter-Levin G, Atzmon G. Can Epigenetics Predict Drug Efficiency in Mental Disorders? Cells 2023; 12:1173. [PMID: 37190082 PMCID: PMC10136455 DOI: 10.3390/cells12081173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychiatric disorders affect millions of individuals and their families worldwide, and the costs to society are substantial and are expected to rise due to a lack of effective treatments. Personalized medicine-customized treatment tailored to the individual-offers a solution. Although most mental diseases are influenced by genetic and environmental factors, finding genetic biomarkers that predict treatment efficacy has been challenging. This review highlights the potential of epigenetics as a tool for predicting treatment efficacy and personalizing medicine for psychiatric disorders. We examine previous studies that have attempted to predict treatment efficacy through epigenetics, provide an experimental model, and note the potential challenges at each stage. While the field is still in its infancy, epigenetics holds promise as a predictive tool by examining individual patients' epigenetic profiles in conjunction with other indicators. However, further research is needed, including additional studies, replication, validation, and application beyond clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Ben David
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (G.B.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Yam Amir
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (Y.A.)
| | - Randa Salalha
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (G.B.D.); (R.S.)
| | - Lital Sharvit
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (Y.A.)
| | - Gal Richter-Levin
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (G.B.D.); (R.S.)
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBR), University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel; (Y.A.)
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12
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Song M, Bai H, Zhang P, Zhou X, Ying B. Promising applications of human-derived saliva biomarker testing in clinical diagnostics. Int J Oral Sci 2023; 15:2. [PMID: 36596771 PMCID: PMC9810734 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00209-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva testing is a vital method for clinical applications, for its noninvasive features, richness in substances, and the huge amount. Due to its direct anatomical connection with oral, digestive, and endocrine systems, clinical usage of saliva testing for these diseases is promising. Furthermore, for other diseases that seeming to have no correlations with saliva, such as neurodegenerative diseases and psychological diseases, researchers also reckon saliva informative. Tremendous papers are being produced in this field. Updated summaries of recent literature give newcomers a shortcut to have a grasp of this topic. Here, we focused on recent research about saliva biomarkers that are derived from humans, not from other organisms. The review mostly addresses the proceedings from 2016 to 2022, to shed light on the promising usage of saliva testing in clinical diagnostics. We recap the recent advances following the category of different types of biomarkers, such as intracellular DNA, RNA, proteins and intercellular exosomes, cell-free DNA, to give a comprehensive impression of saliva biomarker testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Song
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Bai
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Human Saliva Laboratory & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Human Saliva Laboratory & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binwu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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13
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Azar N, Booij L. DNA methylation as a mediator in the association between prenatal maternal stress and child mental health outcomes: Current state of knowledge. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:142-163. [PMID: 36113690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal maternal stress is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for offspring mental health challenges. DNA methylation may be a mechanism, but few studies directly tested mediation. These few integrative studies are reviewed along with studies from three research areas: prenatal maternal stress and child mental health, prenatal maternal stress and child DNA methylation, and child mental health and DNA methylation. METHODS We conducted a narrative review of articles in each research area and the few published integrative studies to evaluate the state of knowledge. RESULTS Prenatal maternal stress was related to greater offspring internalizing and externalizing symptoms and to greater offspring peripheral DNA methylation of the NR3C1 gene. Youth mental health problems were also related to NR3C1 hypermethylation while epigenome-wide studies identified genes involved in nervous system development. Integrative studies focused on infant outcomes and did not detect significant mediation by DNA methylation though methodological considerations may partially explain these null results. LIMITATIONS Operationalization of prenatal maternal stress and child mental health varied greatly. The few published integrative studies did not report conclusive evidence of mediation by DNA methylation. CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation likely mediates the association between prenatal maternal stress and child mental health. This conclusion still needs to be tested in a larger number of integrative studies. Key empirical and statistical considerations for future research are discussed. Understanding the consequences of prenatal maternal stress and its pathways of influence will help prevention and intervention efforts and ultimately promote well-being for both mothers and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Azar
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada; Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, 3175 chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Linda Booij
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada; Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center, 3175 chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavillon Roger-Gaudry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
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14
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Blostein FA, Fisher J, Dou J, Schneper L, Ware EB, Notterman DA, Mitchell C, Bakulski KM. Polymethylation scores for prenatal maternal smoke exposure persist until age 15 and are detected in saliva in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing cohort. Epigenetics 2022; 17:2223-2240. [PMID: 35980258 PMCID: PMC9665138 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2112815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal maternal smoking is associated with low birthweight, neurological disorders, and asthma in exposed children. DNA methylation signatures can function as biomarkers of prenatal smoke exposure. However, the robustness of DNA methylation signatures across child ages, genetic ancestry groups, or tissues is not clear. Using coefficients from a meta-analysis of prenatal smoke exposure and DNA methylation in newborn cord blood, we created polymethylation scores of saliva DNA methylation from children at ages 9 and 15 in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study. In the full sample at age 9 (n = 753), prenatal smoke exposure was associated with a 0.51 (95%CI: 0.35, 0.66) standard deviation higher polymethylation score. The direction and magnitude of the association was consistent in European and African genetic ancestry samples. In the full sample at age 15 (n = 747), prenatal smoke exposure was associated with a 0.48 (95%CI: 0.32, 0.63) standard deviation higher polymethylation score, and the association was attenuated among the European and Admixed-Latin genetic ancestry samples. The polymethylation score classified prenatal smoke exposure accurately (AUC age 9 = 0.77, age 15 = 0.76). Including the polymethylation score increased the AUC of base model covariates by 5 (95% CI: (2.1, 7.2)) percentage points, while including a single candidate site in the AHRR gene did not (P-value = 0.19). Polymethylation scores for prenatal smoking were portable across genetic ancestries and more accurate than an individual DNA methylation site. Polymethylation scores from saliva samples could serve as robust and practical biomarkers of prenatal smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freida A. Blostein
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonah Fisher
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John Dou
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lisa Schneper
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Erin B. Ware
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Daniel A. Notterman
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Colter Mitchell
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kelly M. Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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15
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Urlacher SS, Kim EY, Luan T, Young LJ, Adjetey B. Minimally invasive biomarkers in human and non-human primate evolutionary biology: Tools for understanding variation and adaptation. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23811. [PMID: 36205445 PMCID: PMC9787651 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of minimally invasive biomarkers (MIBs - physiological biomarkers obtained from minimally invasive sample types) has expanded rapidly in science and medicine over the past several decades. The MIB approach is a methodological strength in the field of human and non-human primate evolutionary biology (HEB). Among humans and our closest relatives, MIBs provide unique opportunities to document phenotypic variation and to operationalize evolutionary hypotheses. AIMS This paper overviews the use of MIBs in HEB. Our objectives are to (1) highlight key research topics which successfully implement MIBs, (2) identify promising yet under-investigated areas of MIB application, and (3) discuss current challenges in MIB research, with suggestions for advancing the field. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS A range of MIBs are used to investigate focal topics in HEB, including energetics and life history variation/evolution, developmental plasticity, and social status and dominance relationships. Nonetheless, we identify gaps in existing MIB research on traits such as physical growth and gut function that are central to the field. Several challenges remain for HEB research using MIBs, including the need for additional biomarkers and methods of assessment, robust validations, and approaches that are standardized across labs and research groups. Importantly, researchers must provide better support for adaptation and fitness effects in hypothesis testing (e.g., by obtaining complementary measures of energy expenditure, demonstrating redundancy of function, and performing lifetime/longitudinal analyses). We point to continued progress in the use of MIBs in HEB to better understand the past, present, and future of humans and our closest primate relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Urlacher
- Department of AnthropologyBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
- Human Evolutionary Biology and Health LabBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
- Child and Brain Development ProgramCIFARTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Elizabeth Y. Kim
- Human Evolutionary Biology and Health LabBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
- Department of BiologyBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | - Tiffany Luan
- Human Evolutionary Biology and Health LabBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | - Lauren J. Young
- Human Evolutionary Biology and Health LabBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
| | - Brian Adjetey
- Human Evolutionary Biology and Health LabBaylor UniversityWacoTexasUSA
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16
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Dolinko AV, Schultz BM, Ghosh J, Kalliora C, Mainigi M, Coutifaris C, Sapienza C, Senapati S. Disrupted methylation patterns at birth persist in early childhood: a prospective cohort analysis. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:129. [PMID: 36243864 PMCID: PMC9568969 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01348-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the epigenome are a risk factor in multiple disease states. We have demonstrated in the past that disruption of the epigenome during early pregnancy or periconception, as demonstrated by altered methylation, may be associated with both assisted reproductive technology and undesirable clinical outcomes at birth, such as low birth weight. We have previously defined this altered methylation, calculated based on statistical upper and lower limits of outlier CpGs compared to the population, as an 'outlier methylation phenotype' (OMP). Our aim in this study was to determine whether children thus identified as possessing an OMP at birth by DNA methylation in cord blood persist as outliers in early childhood based on salivary DNA methylation. RESULTS A total of 31 children were included in the analysis. Among 24 children for whom both cord blood DNA and salivary DNA were available, DNA methylation patterns, analyzed using the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip (850 K), between cord blood at birth and saliva in childhood at age 6-12 years remain stable (R2 range 0.89-0.97). At birth, three out of 28 children demonstrated an OMP in multiple cord blood datasets and hierarchical clustering. Overall DNA methylation among all three OMP children identified as outliers at birth was remarkably stable (individual R2 0.908, 0.92, 0.915), even when only outlier CpG sites were considered (R2 0.694, 0.738, 0.828). CONCLUSIONS DNA methylation signatures in cord blood remain stable over time as demonstrated by a strong correlation with epigenetic salivary signatures in childhood. Future work is planned to identify whether a clinical phenotype is associated with OMP and, if so, could undesirable clinical outcomes in childhood and adulthood be predicted at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V Dolinko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bryant M Schultz
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jayashri Ghosh
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charikleia Kalliora
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Monica Mainigi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christos Coutifaris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carmen Sapienza
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Suneeta Senapati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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17
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Kabekkodu SP, Chakrabarty S, Varghese VK, Ghosh S, Radhakrishnan R, Mallya SP, Kudva A. Salivary DNA methylation markers for cancer of oral cavity. Cancer Biomark 2022; 35:257-268. [PMID: 36245370 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-220028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE: Aberrant DNA methylation plays a crucial role in oral carcinogenesis. Our previous study demonstrated hypermethylation of DAPK1, LRPPRC, RAB6C, and ZNF471 promoters in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma compared with normal samples. Methylation profiling using salivary DNA is considered a non-invasive alternative to tissue samples. Hence, the present study tested the DNA methylation status of these four promoters as indicators of oral cancer progression. METHODS: We performed the bisulfite-based targeted next-generation sequencing of four candidate genes in saliva and tissue DNA from normal, premalignant, and squamous cell carcinoma subjects. The clinicopathological association, diagnostic, and prognostic utility of aberrant DNA methylation were evaluated using the TCGA-HNSCC dataset. Using the Xgboost algorithm and logistic regression, CpG sites were prioritized, and Receiver Operating Characteristic was generated. By Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves, an association between methylation and overall survival (OS), disease-free interval (DFI), and progression-free interval (PFI) were computed. RESULTS: We identified all four genes as significantly hypermethylation in premalignant and malignant samples compared with normal samples. The methylation levels were comparable between saliva and tissue samples with an r-value of 0.6297 to 0.8023 and 0.7823 to 0.9419 between premalignant tissue vs. saliva and OC vs. saliva, respectively. We identified an inverse correlation between DAPK1, LRPPRC, RAB6C, and ZNF471 promoter methylation with its expression. A classifier of 8 differentially methylated CpG sites belonging to DAPK1, RAB6C, and ZNF471 promoters was constructed, showing an AUC of 0.984 to differentiate tumors from normal samples. The differential methylation status of DAPK1, LRPPRC, and ZNF71 promoters was prognostically important. Abnormal expression of all four genes was associated with immune infiltration. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, methylation analysis of these candidate CpG sites from saliva can be helpful as a non-invasive tool for the clinical management of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Prasada Kabekkodu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Centre for DNA repair and Genome Stability (CDRGS), Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjiban Chakrabarty
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
- Centre for DNA repair and Genome Stability (CDRGS), Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinay Koshy Varghese
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Supriti Ghosh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep P. Mallya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Adarsh Kudva
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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18
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Guimarães JR, Coêlho MDC, de Oliveira NFP. Contribution of DNA methylation to the pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome: A review. Autoimmunity 2022; 55:215-222. [DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2022.2062593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Ramalho Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba – UFPB, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marina de Castro Coêlho
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba – UFPB, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Naila Francis Paulo de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Centre of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba – UFPB, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Molecular Biology Department, Centre of Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba – UFPB, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
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19
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Galkin F, Kochetov K, Mamoshina P, Zhavoronkov A. Adapting Blood DNA Methylation Aging Clocks for Use in Saliva Samples With Cell-type Deconvolution. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:697254. [PMID: 35822029 PMCID: PMC9261380 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.697254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
DeepMAge is a deep-learning DNA methylation aging clock that measures the organismal pace of aging with the information from human epigenetic profiles. In blood samples, DeepMAge can predict chronological age within a 2.8 years error margin, but in saliva samples, its performance is drastically reduced since aging clocks are restricted by the training set domain. However, saliva is an attractive fluid for genomic studies due to its availability, compared to other tissues, including blood. In this article, we display how cell type deconvolution and elastic net can be used to expand the domain of deep aging clocks to other tissues. Using our approach, DeepMAge's error in saliva samples was reduced from 20.9 to 4.7 years with no retraining.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Deep Longevity Limited, Hong Kong, China
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong, China
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
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20
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Childebayeva A, Harman T, Weinstein J, Day T, Brutsaert TD, Bigham AW. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Changes Associated With High-Altitude Acclimatization During an Everest Base Camp Trek. Front Physiol 2021; 12:660906. [PMID: 34262470 PMCID: PMC8273439 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.660906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The individual physiological response to high-altitude hypoxia involves both genetic and non-genetic factors, including epigenetic modifications. Epigenetic changes in hypoxia factor pathway (HIF) genes are associated with high-altitude acclimatization. However, genome-wide epigenetic changes that are associated with short-term hypoxia exposure remain largely unknown. We collected a series of DNA samples from 15 participants of European ancestry trekking to Everest Base Camp to identify DNA methylation changes associated with incremental altitude ascent. We determined genome-wide DNA methylation levels using the Illumina MethylationEPIC chip comparing two altitudes: baseline 1,400 m (day 0) and elevation 4,240 m (day 7). The results of our epigenome-wide association study revealed 2,873 significant differentially methylated positions (DMPs) and 361 significant differentially methylated regions (DMRs), including significant positions and regions in hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) and the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) pathways. Our pathway enrichment analysis identified 95 significant pathways including regulation of glycolytic process (GO:0006110), regulation of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation (GO:1902036), and regulation of angiogenesis (GO:0045765). Lastly, we identified an association between the ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and oxygen saturation, as well as average ACE methylation. These findings shed light on the genes and pathways experiencing the most epigenetic change associated with short-term exposure to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainash Childebayeva
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.,Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Study of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Taylor Harman
- Department of Anthropology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Julien Weinstein
- Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Trevor Day
- Department of Biology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tom D Brutsaert
- Department of Exercise Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Abigail W Bigham
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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21
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Saliva Gene Promoter Hypermethylation as a Biomarker in Oral Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091931. [PMID: 33947071 PMCID: PMC8124791 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral carcinogenesis is a multistep process characterized by a summation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations in key regulatory genes. The silencing of genes by aberrant promoter hypermethylation is thought to be an important epigenetic event in cancer development and progression which has great potential as a biomarker for early diagnosis, tumor molecular subtyping, prognosis, monitoring, and therapy. Aberrant DNA methylation has been detected in different liquid biopsies, which may represent a potential alternative to solid biopsies. The detection of methylated genes in saliva may have clinical application for noninvasive oral cancer screening and early diagnosis. Here, we review the current evidence on gene promoter hypermethylation in saliva.
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22
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Fitzgerald KN, Hodges R, Hanes D, Stack E, Cheishvili D, Szyf M, Henkel J, Twedt MW, Giannopoulou D, Herdell J, Logan S, Bradley R. Potential reversal of epigenetic age using a diet and lifestyle intervention: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9419-9432. [PMID: 33844651 PMCID: PMC8064200 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Manipulations to slow biological aging and extend healthspan are of interest given the societal and healthcare costs of our aging population. Herein we report on a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted among 43 healthy adult males between the ages of 50-72. The 8-week treatment program included diet, sleep, exercise and relaxation guidance, and supplemental probiotics and phytonutrients. The control group received no intervention. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was conducted on saliva samples using the Illumina Methylation Epic Array and DNAmAge was calculated using the online Horvath DNAmAge clock (2013). The diet and lifestyle treatment was associated with a 3.23 years decrease in DNAmAge compared with controls (p=0.018). DNAmAge of those in the treatment group decreased by an average 1.96 years by the end of the program compared to the same individuals at the beginning with a strong trend towards significance (p=0.066). Changes in blood biomarkers were significant for mean serum 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (+15%, p=0.004) and mean triglycerides (-25%, p=0.009). To our knowledge, this is the first randomized controlled study to suggest that specific diet and lifestyle interventions may reverse Horvath DNAmAge (2013) epigenetic aging in healthy adult males. Larger-scale and longer duration clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings, as well as investigation in other human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Douglas Hanes
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Emily Stack
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - David Cheishvili
- HKG Epitherapeutics (Hong Kong), Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Israel, Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moshe Szyf
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Janine Henkel
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Melissa W. Twedt
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Despina Giannopoulou
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Josette Herdell
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Sally Logan
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Ryan Bradley
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92023, USA
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23
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Cerveira de Baumont A, Hoffmann MS, Bortoluzzi A, Fries GR, Lavandoski P, Grun LK, Guimarães LSP, Guma FTCR, Salum GA, Barbé-Tuana FM, Manfro GG. Telomere length and epigenetic age acceleration in adolescents with anxiety disorders. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7716. [PMID: 33833304 PMCID: PMC8032711 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87045-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence on the relationship between genetics and mental health are flourishing. However, few studies are evaluating early biomarkers that might link genes, environment, and psychopathology. We aimed to study telomere length (TL) and epigenetic age acceleration (AA) in a cohort of adolescents with and without anxiety disorders (N = 234). We evaluated a representative subsample of participants at baseline and after 5 years (n = 76) and categorized them according to their anxiety disorder diagnosis at both time points: (1) control group (no anxiety disorder, n = 18), (2) variable group (anxiety disorder in one evaluation, n = 38), and (3) persistent group (anxiety disorder at both time points, n = 20). We assessed relative mean TL by real-time quantitative PCR and DNA methylation by Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. We calculated AA using the Horvath age estimation algorithm and analyzed differences among groups using generalized linear mixed models. The persistent group of anxiety disorder did not change TL over time (p = 0.495). The variable group had higher baseline TL (p = 0.003) but no accelerated TL erosion in comparison to the non-anxiety control group (p = 0.053). Furthermore, there were no differences in AA among groups over time. Our findings suggest that adolescents with chronic anxiety did not change telomere length over time, which could be related to a delay in neuronal development in this period of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Cerveira de Baumont
- Anxiety Disorders Outpatient Program for Children and Adolescents, Protaia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS/Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences, BRAIN Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- Serviço de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350-sala 400N, Rio Branco, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Mauricio Scopel Hoffmann
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Neuropsiquiatria, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, 97105-900, Brazil
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes (INPD), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa Bortoluzzi
- Anxiety Disorders Outpatient Program for Children and Adolescents, Protaia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS/Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Basic Sciences/Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences, BRAIN Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gabriel R Fries
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrícia Lavandoski
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Laboratoy of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas K Grun
- Group of Inflammation and Cellular Senescence, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciano S P Guimarães
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fátima T C R Guma
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Laboratoy of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Abrahão Salum
- Anxiety Disorders Outpatient Program for Children and Adolescents, Protaia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS/Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes (INPD), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Florencia M Barbé-Tuana
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Laboratoy of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Group of Inflammation and Cellular Senescence, Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gisele G Manfro
- Anxiety Disorders Outpatient Program for Children and Adolescents, Protaia, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS/Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Institute of Basic Sciences/Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Basic Research and Advanced Investigations in Neurosciences, BRAIN Laboratory, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento para Crianças e Adolescentes (INPD), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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24
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Antunes J, Gauthier Q, Aguiar-Pulido V, Duncan G, McCord B. A data-driven, high-throughput methodology to determine tissue-specific differentially methylated regions able to discriminate body fluids. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:1168-1176. [PMID: 33570172 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-specific differentially methylated regions (tDMRs) are regions of the genome with methylation patterns that modulate gene expression in those tissue types. The detection of tDMRs in forensic evidence can permit the identification of body fluids at trace levels. In this report, we have performed a bioinformatic analysis of an existing array dataset to determine if new tDMRs could be identified for use in body fluid identification from forensic evidence. Once these sites were identified, primers were designed and bisulfite modification was performed. The relative methylation level for each body fluid at a given locus was then determined using qPCR with high-resolution melt analysis (HRM). After screening 127 tDMR's in multiple body fluids, we were able to identify four new markers able to discriminate blood (2 markers), vaginal epithelia (1 marker) and buccal cells (1 marker). One marker for each target body fluid was also tested with pyrosequencing showing results consistent with those obtained by HRM. This work successfully demonstrates the ability of in silico analysis to develop a novel set of tDMRs capable of being differentiated by real time PCR/HRM. The method can rapidly determine the body fluids left at crime scenes, assisting the triers of fact in forensic casework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Antunes
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Vanessa Aguiar-Pulido
- Department of Computer Science, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Miami, United States
| | - George Duncan
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Bruce McCord
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
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25
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Popovic M, Fiano V, Isaevska E, Moccia C, Trevisan M, Rusconi F, De Marco L, Polidoro S, Merletti F, Pizzi C, Richiardi L. Determination of saliva epigenetic age in infancy, and its association with parental socio-economic characteristics and pregnancy outcomes. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:319-327. [PMID: 32452337 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic age acceleration (AA) has been associated with adverse environmental exposures and many chronic conditions. We estimated, in the NINFEA birth cohort, infant saliva epigenetic age, and investigated whether parental socio-economic position (SEP) and pregnancy outcomes are associated with infant epigenetic AA. A total of 139 saliva samples collected at on average 10.8 (range 7-17) months were used to estimate Horvath's DNA methylation age. Epigenetic AA was defined as the residual from a linear regression of epigenetic age on chronological age. Linear regression models were used to test the associations of parental SEP and pregnancy outcomes with saliva epigenetic AA. A moderate positive association was found between DNA methylation age and chronological age, with the median absolute difference of 6.8 months (standard deviation [SD] 3.9). The evidence of the association between the indicators of low SEP and epigenetic AA was weak; infants born to unemployed mothers or with low education had on average 1 month higher epigenetic age than infants of mothers with high education and employment (coefficient 0.78 months, 95% confidence intervals [CIs]: -0.79 to 2.34 for low/medium education; 0.96, 95% CI: -1.81 to 3.73 for unemployment). There was no evidence for association of gestational age, birthweight or caesarean section with infant epigenetic AA. Using the Horvath's method, DNA methylation age can be fairly accurately predicted from saliva samples already in the first months of life. This study did not reveal clear associations between either pregnancy outcomes or parental socio-economic characteristics and infant saliva epigenetic AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Popovic
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Fiano
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Isaevska
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Moccia
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Morena Trevisan
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Franca Rusconi
- Unit of Epidemiology, 'Anna Meyer' Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura De Marco
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Polidoro
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Candiolo, Italy
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Franco Merletti
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Costanza Pizzi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Richiardi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
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26
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Middleton LYM, Dou J, Fisher J, Heiss JA, Nguyen VK, Just AC, Faul J, Ware EB, Mitchell C, Colacino JA, M Bakulski K. Saliva cell type DNA methylation reference panel for epidemiological studies in children. Epigenetics 2021; 17:161-177. [PMID: 33588693 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1890874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a widely used biological sample, especially in pediatric research, containing a heterogenous mixture of immune and epithelial cells. Associations of exposure or disease with saliva DNA methylation can be influenced by cell-type proportions. Here, we developed a saliva cell-type DNA methylation reference panel to estimate interindividual cell-type heterogeneity in whole saliva studies. Saliva was collected from 22 children (7-16 years) and sorted into immune and epithelial cells, using size exclusion filtration and magnetic bead sorting. DNA methylation was measured using the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip. We assessed cell-type differences in DNA methylation profiles and tested for enriched biological pathways. Immune and epithelial cells differed at 181,577 (22.8%) DNA methylation sites (t-test p < 6.28 × 10-8). Immune cell hypomethylated sites are mapped to genes enriched for immune pathways (p < 3.2 × 10-5). Epithelial cell hypomethylated sites were enriched for cornification (p = 5.2 × 10-4), a key process for hard palette formation. Saliva immune and epithelial cells have distinct DNA methylation profiles which can drive whole-saliva DNA methylation measures. A primary saliva DNA methylation reference panel, easily implemented with an R package, will allow estimates of cell proportions from whole saliva samples and improve epigenetic epidemiology studies by accounting for measurement heterogeneity by cell-type proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Y M Middleton
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John Dou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonah Fisher
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jonathan A Heiss
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vy K Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Allan C Just
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erin B Ware
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
| | - Colter Mitchell
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan.,Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan.,Program in the Environment, College of Literature, Sciences, and the Arts, University of Michigan
| | - Kelly M Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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27
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Brown GL, Kogan SM, Cho J. Pathways linking childhood trauma to rural, unmarried, African American father involvement through oxytocin receptor gene methylation. Dev Psychol 2020; 56:1496-1508. [PMID: 32790448 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Father involvement contributes uniquely to children's developmental outcomes. The antecedents of father involvement among unmarried, African American fathers from rural areas, however, have been largely overlooked. The present study tested a conceptual model linking retrospective reports of childhood trauma and early adulthood social instability to father involvement among unmarried, African American men living in resource-poor, rural communities in the southeastern United States. We hypothesized these factors would influence father involvement indirectly, via DNA methylation of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR). A sample of 192 fathers participated in 3 waves of data collection in early adulthood. Fathers reported on social instability at Wave 1; OXTR methylation was assessed via saliva samples at Wave 2; and measures of father involvement, retrospective childhood trauma, and quality of the fathers' relationships with their children's mothers were collected at Wave 3. Structural equation modeling indicated that childhood trauma was related directly to reduced levels of father involvement and to increased social instability. Social instability was associated with elevated levels of OXTR methylation, which in turn predicted decreased father involvement. The indirect effect from social instability to father involvement via OXTR methylation was significant. These associations did not operate through fathers' relationship with the child's mother and remained significant even accounting for associations between interparental relationship quality and father involvement. Findings suggest that OXTR methylation might be a biological mechanism linking social instability to father involvement among unmarried, African American fathers in vulnerable contexts and underscore the detrimental influence of childhood trauma on father involvement. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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28
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Pathways linking adverse environments to emerging adults' substance abuse and depressive symptoms: A prospective analysis of rural African American men. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 33:1496-1506. [PMID: 32693849 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
For African American emerging adult men, developmental challenges are evident in their escalating substance abuse and depressive symptoms; this is particularly true for men from low-resource communities. The present study tests a developmental model linking childhood adversity and contemporaneous contextual stressors to increases in emerging adults' substance use and depressive symptoms, indirectly, via increases in defensive/hostile relational schemas and social developmental risk factors (e.g., risky peers and romantic partners, lack of involvement in school or work). We also advance exploratory hypotheses regarding DNA methylation in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) as a moderator of the effects of stress on relational schemas. Hypotheses were tested with three waves of data from 505 rural African American men aged 19-25 years. Adverse childhood experiences predicted exposure to emerging adult contextual stressors. Contextual stressors forecast increases in defensive/hostile relational schemas, which increased social developmental risk factors. Social developmental risk factors proximally predicted increases in substance abuse and depressive symptoms. OXTR DNA methylation moderated the effects of contextual stressors on defensive/hostile relational schemas. Findings suggest that early exposures to stress carry forward to affect the development of social developmental risk factors in emerging adulthood, which place rural African American men at risk for increased substance abuse and depressive symptoms during the emerging adult years.
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29
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Clark SL, Hattab MW, Chan RF, Shabalin AA, Han LKM, Zhao M, Smit JH, Jansen R, Milaneschi Y, Xie LY, van Grootheest G, Penninx BWJH, Aberg KA, van den Oord EJCG. A methylation study of long-term depression risk. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1334-1343. [PMID: 31501512 PMCID: PMC7061076 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0516-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent and chronic major depressive disorder (MDD) accounts for a substantial part of the disease burden because this course is most prevalent and typically requires long-term treatment. We associated blood DNA methylation profiles from 581 MDD patients at baseline with MDD status 6 years later. A resampling approach showed a highly significant association between methylation profiles in blood at baseline and future disease status (P = 2.0 × 10-16). Top MWAS results were enriched specific pathways, overlapped with genes found in GWAS of MDD disease status, autoimmune disease and inflammation, and co-localized with eQTLS and (genic enhancers of) of transcription sites in brain and blood. Many of these findings remained significant after correction for multiple testing. The major themes emerging were cellular responses to stress and signaling mechanisms linked to immune cell migration and inflammation. This suggests that an immune signature of treatment-resistant depression is already present at baseline. We also created a methylation risk score (MRS) to predict MDD status 6 years later. The AUC of our MRS was 0.724 and higher than risk scores created using a set of five putative MDD biomarkers, genome-wide SNP data, and 27 clinical, demographic and lifestyle variables. Although further studies are needed to examine the generalizability to different patient populations, these results suggest that methylation profiles in blood may present a promising avenue to support clinical decision making by providing empirical information about the likelihood MDD is chronic or will recur in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaunna L Clark
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mohammad W Hattab
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Robin F Chan
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrey A Shabalin
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Laura KM Han
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center / GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1081 HV
| | - Min Zhao
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Johannes H Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center / GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1081 HV
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center / GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1081 HV
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center / GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1081 HV
| | - Lin Ying Xie
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gerard van Grootheest
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center / GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1081 HV
| | - Brenda WJH Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center / GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, the Netherlands 1081 HV
| | - Karolina A Aberg
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Edwin JCG van den Oord
- Center for Biomarker Research and Precision Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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30
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Rushing A, Sommer EC, Zhao S, Po'e EK, Barkin SL. Salivary epigenetic biomarkers as predictors of emerging childhood obesity. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:34. [PMID: 32059710 PMCID: PMC7023819 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-0968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetics could facilitate greater understanding of disparities in the emergence of childhood obesity. While blood is a common tissue used in human epigenetic studies, saliva is a promising tissue. Our prior findings in non-obese preschool-aged Hispanic children identified 17 CpG dinucleotides for which differential methylation in saliva at baseline was associated with maternal obesity status. The current study investigated to what extent baseline DNA methylation in salivary samples in these 3-5-year-old Hispanic children predicted the incidence of childhood obesity in a 3-year prospective cohort. METHODS We examined a subsample (n = 92) of Growing Right Onto Wellness (GROW) trial participants who were randomly selected at baseline, prior to randomization, based on maternal phenotype (obese or non-obese). Baseline saliva samples were collected using the Oragene DNA saliva kit. Objective data were collected on child height and weight at baseline and 36 months later. Methylation arrays were processed using standard protocol. Associations between child obesity at 36 months and baseline salivary methylation at the previously identified 17 CpG dinucleotides were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS Among the n = 75 children eligible for analysis, baseline methylation of Cg1307483 (NRF1) was significantly associated with emerging childhood obesity at 36-month follow-up (OR = 2.98, p = 0.04), after adjusting for child age, gender, child baseline BMI-Z, and adult baseline BMI. This translates to a model-estimated 48% chance of child obesity at 36-month follow-up for a child at the 75th percentile of NRF1 baseline methylation versus only a 30% chance of obesity for a similar child at the 25th percentile. Consistent with other studies, a higher baseline child BMI-Z during the preschool period was associated with the emergence of obesity 3 years later, but baseline methylation of NRF1 was associated with later obesity even after adjusting for child baseline BMI-Z. CONCLUSIONS Saliva offers a non-invasive means of DNA collection and epigenetic analysis. Our proof of principle study provides sound empirical evidence supporting DNA methylation in salivary tissue as a potential predictor of subsequent childhood obesity for Hispanic children. NFR1 could be a target for further exploration of obesity in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rushing
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Evan C Sommer
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2146 Belcourt Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232-9225, USA
| | - Shilin Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 571 Preston Research Building, 2220 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232-6838, USA
| | - Eli K Po'e
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2146 Belcourt Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232-9225, USA
| | - Shari L Barkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2200 Children's Way, Doctor's Office Tower 8232, Nashville, TN, 37232-9225, USA.
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31
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Bordoni L, Smerilli V, Nasuti C, Gabbianelli R. Mitochondrial DNA methylation and copy number predict body composition in a young female population. J Transl Med 2019; 17:399. [PMID: 31779622 PMCID: PMC6883616 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-02150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since both genomic and environmental factors are involved in obesity etiology, several studies about the influence of adiposity on both nuclear DNA and mitochondrial DNA methylation patterns have been carried out. Nevertheless, few evidences exploring the usage of buccal swab samples to study mitochondrial DNA epigenetics can be found in literature. Methods In this study, mitochondrial DNA from buccal swabs collected from a young Caucasian population (n = 69) have been used to examine potential correlation between mitochondrial DNA copy number and methylation with body composition (BMI, WHtR and bioimpedance measurements). Results A negative correlation between mitochondrial DNA copy number and BMI was measured in females (p = 0.028), but not in males. The mean percentage of D-loop methylation is significantly higher in overweight than in lean female subjects (p = 0.003), and a specific CpG located in the D-loop shows per se an association with impaired body composition (p = 0.004). Body composition impairment is predicted by a combined variable including mtDNA copy number and the D-loop methylation (AUC = 0.785; p = 0.009). Conclusions This study corroborates the hypothesis that mitochondrial DNA carries relevant information about body composition. However, wider investigations able to validate the usage of mtDNA methylation from buccal swabs as a biomarker are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bordoni
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Vanessa Smerilli
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Cinzia Nasuti
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Rosita Gabbianelli
- Unit of Molecular Biology, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032, Camerino, MC, Italy.
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32
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Modelling resilience in adolescence and adversity: a novel framework to inform research and practice. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:316. [PMID: 31772187 PMCID: PMC6879584 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0651-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent conceptualisations of resilience have advanced the notion that it is a dynamic and multifaceted construct. However, its adaptive components, especially those forged by adversity, have not been fully realised, and its neurobiological and psychosocial underpinnings are yet to be meaningfully integrated. In part, this is because a developmental perspective is often neglected in the formulation of resilience. In this review, we consider the findings of resilience research, with a specific emphasis on the developmental period of adolescence. To bridge the gaps in our current understanding, we propose a model of resilience that is predicated on experiencing adversity. Specifically, our model provides a sophisticated insight into the components of resilience, which, together with intrinsic features, involves facilitation of, and skill acquisition via strengthening processes we term tempering and fortification. The model also points to the potential trajectories of adversity-driven resilience and forms the basis of a framework that allows for individual variance in resilience, and the identification of both neurobiological and psychosocial targets for prevention and therapeutic interventions.
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Pickering C, Kiely J, Grgic J, Lucia A, Del Coso J. Can Genetic Testing Identify Talent for Sport? Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E972. [PMID: 31779250 PMCID: PMC6969917 DOI: 10.3390/genes10120972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Elite athlete status is a partially heritable trait, as are many of the underpinning physiological, anthropometrical, and psychological traits that contribute to elite performance. In recent years, our understanding of the specific genetic variants that contribute to these traits has grown, such that there is considerable interest in attempting to utilise genetic information as a tool to predict future elite athlete status. In this review, we explore the extent of the genetic influence on the making of a sporting champion and we describe issues which, at present, hamper the utility of genetic testing in identifying future elite performers. We build on this by exploring what further knowledge is required to enhance this process, including a reflection on the potential learnings from the use of genetics as a disease prediction tool. Finally, we discuss ways in which genetic information may hold utility within elite sport in the future, including guiding nutritional and training recommendations, and assisting in the prevention of injury. Whilst genetic testing has the potential to assist in the identification of future talented performers, genetic tests should be combined with other tools to obtain an accurate identification of those athletes predisposed to succeed in sport. The use of total genotype scores, composed of a high number of performance-enhancing polymorphisms, will likely be one of the best strategies in the utilisation of genetic information to identify talent in sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Pickering
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (C.P.); (J.K.)
| | - John Kiely
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; (C.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Jozo Grgic
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne 3011, Australia;
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain;
- Research Institute i+12, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28943 Fuenlabrada, Spain
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Solomonova E, Lee YEA, Robins S, King L, Feeley N, Gold I, Hayton B, Libman E, Nagy C, Turecki G, Zelkowitz P. Sleep quality is associated with vasopressin methylation in pregnant and postpartum women with a history of psychosocial stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 107:160-168. [PMID: 31132568 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between disturbed sleep and stress is well-documented. Sleep disorders and stress are highly prevalent during the perinatal period, and both are known to contribute to a number of adverse maternal and foetal outcomes. Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a hormone and a neuropeptide that is involved in stress response, social bonding and circadian regulation of the sleep-wake cycle. Whether the AVP system is involved in regulation of stress response and sleep quality in the context of the perinatal mental health is currently unknown. The objective of the present study was to assess the relationship between levels of cumulative and ongoing psychosocial risk, levels of disordered sleep and AVP methylation in a community sample of pregnant and postpartum women. METHODS A sample of 316 participants completed a battery of questionnaires during the second trimester of pregnancy (PN2, 12-14 weeks gestation), third trimester (PN3, 32-34 weeks gestation), and at 7-9 weeks postpartum (PP). Disordered sleep was measured using the Sleep Symptom Checklist at PN2, PN3 and PP; cumulative psychosocial risk was assessed with the Antenatal Risk Questionnaire (ANRQ) at PN2; salivary DNA was collected at the follow-up (FU, 2.9 years postpartum); and % methylation were calculated for AVP and for two of the three AVP receptor genes (AVPR1a and AVPR1b). Women were separated into high (HighPR) and low (LowPR) psychosocial risk groups, based on their scores on the ANRQ. RESULTS Women in the HighPR group had significantly worse sleep disturbances during PN2 (p < .001) and PN3 (p < .001), but not at PP (p = .146) than women in the LowPR group. In HighPR participants only, methylation of AVP at intron 1 negatively correlated with sleep disturbances at PN2 (rs=-.390, p = .001), PN3 (rs=-.384, p = .002) and at PP (rs= -.269, p = .032). There was no association between sleep disturbances and AVPR1a or AVPR1b methylation, or between sleep disturbances and any of the AVP methylation for the LowPR group. Lastly, cumulative psychosocial stress was a moderator for the relationship between AVP intron 1 methylation and disordered sleep at PN2 (p < .001, adjusted R2 = .105), PN2 (p < .001, adjusted R2 = .088) and PP (p = .003, adjusted R2 = .064). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that cumulative psychosocial stress exacerbates sleep disorders in pregnant women, and that salivary DNA methylation patterns of the AVP gene may be seen as a marker of biological predisposition to stress and sleep reactivity during the perinatal period. Further research is needed to establish causal links between AVP methylation, sleep and stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Solomonova
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Canada
| | - Y E A Lee
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Canada
| | - S Robins
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Canada
| | - L King
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Canada
| | - N Feeley
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Canada; Center for Nursing Research, Jewish General Hospital, Canada; Ingram School of Nursing, McGill University, Canada
| | - I Gold
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada; Department of Philosophy, McGill University, Canada
| | - B Hayton
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Canada
| | - E Libman
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Canada
| | - C Nagy
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Canada; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada
| | - G Turecki
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada; McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Canada
| | - P Zelkowitz
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Canada; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Jewish General Hospital, Canada.
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Murata Y, Fujii A, Kanata S, Fujikawa S, Ikegame T, Nakachi Y, Zhao Z, Jinde S, Kasai K, Bundo M, Iwamoto K. Evaluation of the usefulness of saliva for DNA methylation analysis in cohort studies. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2019; 39:301-305. [PMID: 31393092 PMCID: PMC7292296 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epigenetic information such as DNA methylation is a useful biomarker that reflects complex gene‐environmental interaction. Peripheral tissues such as blood and saliva are commonly collected as the source of genomic DNA in cohort studies. Epigenetic studies mainly use blood, while a few studies have addressed the epigenetic characteristics of saliva. Methods The effects of methods for DNA extraction and purification from saliva on DNA methylation were surveyed using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Using 386 661 probes, DNA methylation differences between blood and saliva from 22 healthy volunteers, and their functional and structural characteristics were examined. CpG sites with DNA methylation levels showing large interindividual variations in blood were evaluated using saliva DNA methylation profiles. Results Genomic DNA prepared by simplified protocol from saliva showed a similar quality DNA methylation profile to that derived from the manufacturer provided protocol. Consistent with previous studies, the DNA methylation profiles of blood and saliva showed high correlations. Blood showed 1,514 hypomethylated and 2099 hypermethylated probes, suggesting source‐dependent DNA methylation patterns. CpG sites with large methylation difference between the two sources were underrepresented in the promoter regions and enriched within gene bodies. CpG sites with large interindividual methylation variations in blood also showed considerable variations in saliva. Conclusion In addition to high correlation in DNA methylation profiles, CpG sites showing large interindividual DNA methylation differences were similar between blood and saliva, ensuring saliva could be a suitable alternative source for genomic DNA in cohort studies. Consideration of source‐dependent DNA methylation differences will, however, be necessary. We compared quality of saliva methylome data collected by several DNA purification protocols and examined the characteristics of saliva methylome. Optimized protocol and identified characteristics such as common informative CpG sites to blood and unique epigenetic changes in saliva will contribute to promote the use of saliva for epigenetic studies in clinical settings and epidemiological cohort studies.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Murata
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ayaka Fujii
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sho Kanata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Fujikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tempei Ikegame
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Nakachi
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Zhilei Zhao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Jinde
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Bundo
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Kogan SM, Bae D, Cho J, Smith AK, Nishitani S. Childhood Adversity, Socioeconomic Instability, Oxytocin-Receptor-Gene Methylation, and Romantic-Relationship Support Among Young African American Men. Psychol Sci 2019; 30:1234-1244. [PMID: 31318641 DOI: 10.1177/0956797619854735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Men's emerging adult romantic relationships forecast downstream relationship behavior, including commitment and quality. Accumulating evidence implicates methylation of the oxytocin-receptor-gene (OXTR) system in regulating relationship behavior. We tested hypotheses regarding the links between (a) childhood adversity and (b) socioeconomic instability in emerging adulthood on supportive romantic relationships via their associations with OXTR methylation. Hypotheses were tested using path analysis with data from 309 participants in the African American Men's Project. Consistent with our hypotheses, results showed that OXTR methylation proximally predicted changes in relationship support during a 1.5-year period. Childhood adversity was not directly associated with OXTR methylation but, rather, with contemporaneous socioeconomic instability, which in turn predicted elevated OXTR methylation. Findings suggest that early adversity is indirectly associated with OXTR methylation by links with downstream socioeconomic instability. Findings must be considered provisional, however, because preregistered replications are needed to establish more firmly the relations among these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Kogan
- 1 Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia
| | - Dayoung Bae
- 2 Center for Family Research, University of Georgia
| | - Junhan Cho
- 3 Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Alicia K Smith
- 4 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University
| | - Shota Nishitani
- 4 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University
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Pauwels S, Symons L, Vanautgaerden EL, Ghosh M, Duca RC, Bekaert B, Freson K, Huybrechts I, Langie SAS, Koppen G, Devlieger R, Godderis L. The Influence of the Duration of Breastfeeding on the Infant's Metabolic Epigenome. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1408. [PMID: 31234503 PMCID: PMC6628078 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition in the postnatal period is associated with metabolic programming. One of the presumed underlying mechanisms involves epigenetic modifications (e.g., DNA methylation). Breastfeeding has an unknown impact on DNA methylation at a young age. Within the Maternal Nutrition and Offspring's Epigenome (MANOE) study, we assessed the effect of breastfeeding duration on infant growth and buccal methylation in obesity-related genes (n = 101). A significant difference was found between infant growth and buccal RXRA and LEP methylation at 12 months of breastfeeding. For RXRA CpG2 methylation, a positive association was found with duration of breastfeeding (slope = 0.217; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 0.330; p < 0.001). For RXRA CpG3 and CpG, mean methylation levels were significantly lower when children were breastfed for 4-6 months compared to non-breastfed children (only CpG3), and those breastfed for 7-9 months, 10-12 months, or 1-3 months. On the other hand, higher LEP CpG3 methylation was observed when mothers breastfed 7-9 months (6.1%) as compared to breastfeeding for 1-3 months (4.3%; p = 0.007) and 10-12 months (4.6%; p = 0.04). In addition, we observed that infant weight was significantly lower when children were breastfed for 10-12 months. Breastfeeding duration was associated with epigenetic variations in RXRA and LEP at 12 months and with infant biometry/growth. Our results support the hypothesis that breastfeeding could induce epigenetic changes in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pauwels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- VITO-Health, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Lin Symons
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Eva-Lynn Vanautgaerden
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Radu Corneliu Duca
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bram Bekaert
- Department of Imaging & Pathology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Forensic Genetics and Molecular Archeology, Department of Forensic Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kathleen Freson
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, France.
| | - Sabine A S Langie
- VITO-Health, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium.
| | | | - Roland Devlieger
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lode Godderis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Environment and Health, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium.
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The Development of a Personalised Training Framework: Implementation of Emerging Technologies for Performance. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2019; 4:jfmk4020025. [PMID: 33467340 PMCID: PMC7739422 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk4020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, there has been considerable interest in the individualisation of athlete training, including the use of genetic information, alongside more advanced data capture and analysis techniques. Here, we explore the evidence for, and practical use of, a number of these emerging technologies, including the measurement and quantification of epigenetic changes, microbiome analysis and the use of cell-free DNA, along with data mining and machine learning. In doing so, we develop a theoretical model for the use of these technologies in an elite sport setting, allowing the coach to better answer six key questions: (1) To what training will my athlete best respond? (2) How well is my athlete adapting to training? (3) When should I change the training stimulus (i.e., has the athlete reached their adaptive ceiling for this training modality)? (4) How long will it take for a certain adaptation to occur? (5) How well is my athlete tolerating the current training load? (6) What load can my athlete handle today? Special consideration is given to whether such an individualised training framework will outperform current methods as well as the challenges in implementing this approach.
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Popovic M, Fiano V, Fasanelli F, Trevisan M, Grasso C, Assumma MB, Gillio-Tos A, Polidoro S, De Marco L, Rusconi F, Merletti F, Zugna D, Richiardi L. Differentially methylated DNA regions in early childhood wheezing: An epigenome-wide study using saliva. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2019; 30:305-314. [PMID: 30681197 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetics may play a role in wheezing and asthma development. We aimed to examine infant saliva DNA methylation in association with early childhood wheezing. METHODS A case-control study was nested within the NINFEA birth cohort with 68 cases matched to 68 controls by sex, age (between 6 and 18 months, median: 10.3 months) and season at saliva sampling. Using a bumphunting region-based approach, we examined associations between saliva methylome measured using Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450k array and wheezing between 6 and 18 months of age. We tested our main findings in independent publicly available data sets of childhood respiratory allergy and atopic asthma, with DNA methylation measured in different tissues and at different ages. RESULTS We identified one wheezing-associated differentially methylated region (DMR) spanning ten sequential CpG sites in the promoter-regulatory region of PM20D1 gene (family-wise error rate < 0.05). The observed associations were enhanced in children born to atopic mothers. In the publicly available data sets, hypermethylation in the same region of PM20D1 was consistently found at different ages and in all analysed tissues (cord blood, blood, saliva and nasal epithelia) of children with respiratory allergy/atopic asthma compared with controls. CONCLUSION This study suggests that PM20D1 hypermethylation is associated with early childhood wheezing. Directionally consistent epigenetic alteration observed in cord blood and other tissues at older ages in children with respiratory allergy and atopic asthma provides suggestive evidence that a long-term epigenetic modification, likely operating from birth, may be involved in childhood atopic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Popovic
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS) and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Fiano
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS) and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Fasanelli
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS) and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Morena Trevisan
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS) and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara Grasso
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS) and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Anna Gillio-Tos
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS) and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Laura De Marco
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS) and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Franca Rusconi
- Unit of Epidemiology, "Anna Meyer" Children's University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Franco Merletti
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS) and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Zugna
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS) and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Richiardi
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Centro di Ricerca in Medicina Sperimentale (CeRMS) and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
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Graw S, Henn R, Thompson JA, Koestler DC. pwrEWAS: a user-friendly tool for comprehensive power estimation for epigenome wide association studies (EWAS). BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:218. [PMID: 31035919 PMCID: PMC6489300 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When designing an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) to investigate the relationship between DNA methylation (DNAm) and some exposure(s) or phenotype(s), it is critically important to assess the sample size needed to detect a hypothesized difference with adequate statistical power. However, the complex and nuanced nature of DNAm data makes direct assessment of statistical power challenging. To circumvent these challenges and to address the outstanding need for a user-friendly interface for EWAS power evaluation, we have developed pwrEWAS. RESULTS The current implementation of pwrEWAS accommodates power estimation for two-group comparisons of DNAm (e.g. case vs control, exposed vs non-exposed, etc.), where methylation assessment is carried out using the Illumina Human Methylation BeadChip technology. Power is calculated using a semi-parametric simulation-based approach in which DNAm data is randomly generated from beta-distributions using CpG-specific means and variances estimated from one of several different existing DNAm data sets, chosen to cover the most common tissue-types used in EWAS. In addition to specifying the tissue type to be used for DNAm profiling, users are required to specify the sample size, number of differentially methylated CpGs, effect size(s) (Δβ), target false discovery rate (FDR) and the number of simulated data sets, and have the option of selecting from several different statistical methods to perform differential methylation analyses. pwrEWAS reports the marginal power, marginal type I error rate, marginal FDR, and false discovery cost (FDC). Here, we demonstrate how pwrEWAS can be applied in practice using a hypothetical EWAS. In addition, we report its computational efficiency across a variety of user settings. CONCLUSION Both under- and overpowered studies unnecessarily deplete resources and even risk failure of a study. With pwrEWAS, we provide a user-friendly tool to help researchers circumvent these risks and to assist in the design and planning of EWAS. AVAILABILITY The web interface is written in the R statistical programming language using Shiny (RStudio Inc., 2016) and is available at https://biostats-shinyr.kumc.edu/pwrEWAS/ . The R package for pwrEWAS is publicly available at GitHub ( https://github.com/stefangraw/pwrEWAS ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Graw
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA
| | - Rosalyn Henn
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA
| | - Devin C. Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS USA
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Hack LM, Fries GR, Eyre HA, Bousman CA, Singh AB, Quevedo J, John VP, Baune BT, Dunlop BW. Moving pharmacoepigenetics tools for depression toward clinical use. J Affect Disord 2019; 249:336-346. [PMID: 30802699 PMCID: PMC6763314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, and over half of patients do not achieve symptom remission following an initial antidepressant course. Despite evidence implicating a strong genetic basis for the pathophysiology of MDD, there are no adequately validated biomarkers of treatment response routinely used in clinical practice. Pharmacoepigenetics is an emerging field that has the potential to combine both genetic and environmental information into treatment selection and further the goal of precision psychiatry. However, this field is in its infancy compared to the more established pharmacogenetics approaches. METHODS We prepared a narrative review using literature searches of studies in English pertaining to pharmacoepigenetics and treatment of depressive disorders conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, PsychINFO, and Ovid Medicine from inception through January 2019. We reviewed studies of DNA methylation and histone modifications in both humans and animal models of depression. RESULTS Emerging evidence from human and animal work suggests a key role for epigenetic marks, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, in the prediction of antidepressant response. The challenges of heterogeneity of patient characteristics and loci studied as well as lack of replication that have impacted the field of pharmacogenetics also pose challenges to the development of pharmacoepigenetic tools. Additionally, given the tissue specific nature of epigenetic marks as well as their susceptibility to change in response to environmental factors and aging, pharmacoepigenetic tools face additional challenges to their development. LIMITATIONS This is a narrative and not systematic review of the literature on the pharmacoepigenetics of antidepressant response. We highlight key studies pertaining to pharmacoepigenetics and treatment of depressive disorders in humans and depressive-like behaviors in animal models, regardless of sample size or methodology. While we discuss DNA methylation and histone modifications, we do not cover microRNAs, which have been reviewed elsewhere recently. CONCLUSIONS Utilization of genome-wide approaches and reproducible epigenetic assays, careful selection of the tissue assessed, and integration of genetic and clinical information into pharmacoepigenetic tools will improve the likelihood of developing clinically useful tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Hack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Gabriel R Fries
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harris A Eyre
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Innovation Institute, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA; IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chad A Bousman
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ajeet B Singh
- IMPACT SRC, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vineeth P John
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Boadie W Dunlop
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Hearn NL, Coleman AS, Ho V, Chiu CL, Lind JM. Comparing DNA methylation profiles in saliva and intestinal mucosa. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:163. [PMID: 30819108 PMCID: PMC6394071 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5553-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered epigenetic profiles are a feature of intestinal diseases, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. DNA methylation studies in these diseases have utilised intestinal mucosal tissue or blood which can be difficult to collect, particularly for large-scale research studies. Saliva is an attractive alternative for epigenetic studies as it is easy to collect and provides high quality methylation profiles. The aim of the study was to determine the utility of saliva as an alternative for DNA methylation studies of intestinal disorders. RESULTS DNA methylation in saliva and intestinal mucosa samples were compared in individuals (n = 10) undergoing endoscopies using the Illumina Infinium Methylation 450 K Beadchip array. We found that DNA methylation was correlated between tissue types within an individual (Pearson correlation co-efficient r = 0.92 to 0.95, p < 0.001). Of the 48,541 probes (approximately 11% of CpG sites) that were differentially methylated between saliva and intestinal mucosa (adjusted p < 0.001, |Δβ| ≥ 20%), these mapped to genes involved in tissue-specific pathways, including the apelin signalling and oxytocin pathways which are important in gastrointestinal cytoprotection and motility. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that saliva has the potential to be used as an alternate DNA source to invasive intestinal mucosa for DNA methylation research into intestinal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerissa L. Hearn
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Aaron S. Coleman
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vincent Ho
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christine L. Chiu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Joanne M. Lind
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Exploring the effect of antenatal depression treatment on children's epigenetic profiles: findings from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:18. [PMID: 30717815 PMCID: PMC6360775 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Children prenatally exposed to maternal depression more often show behavioral and emotional problems compared to unexposed children, possibly through epigenetic alterations. Current evidence is largely based on animal and observational human studies. Therefore, evidence from experimental human studies is needed. In this follow-up of a small randomized controlled trial (RCT), DNA-methylation was compared between children of women who had received cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for antenatal depression and children of women who had received treatment as usual (TAU). Originally, 54 women were allocated to CBT or TAU. A beneficial treatment effect was found on women’s mood symptoms. Findings We describe DNA methylation findings in buccal swab DNA of the 3–7-year-old children (CBT(N) = 12, TAU(N) = 11), at a genome-wide level at 770,668 CpG sites and at 729 CpG sites spanning 16 a priori selected candidate genes, including the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1). We additionally explored associations with women’s baseline depression and anxiety symptoms and offspring DNA methylation, regardless of treatment. Children from the CBT group had overall lower DNA methylation compared to children from the TAU group (mean ∆β = − 0.028, 95% CI − 0.035 to − 0.022). Although 68% of the promoter-associated NR3C1 probes were less methylated in the CBT group, with cg26464411 as top most differentially methylated CpG site (p = 0.038), mean DNA methylation of all NR3C1 promoter-associated probes did not differ significantly between the CBT and TAU groups (mean ∆β = 0.002, 95%CI − 0.010 to 0.011). None of the effects survived correction for multiple testing. There were no differences in mean DNA methylation between the children born to women with more severe depression or anxiety compared to children born to women with mild symptoms of depression or anxiety at baseline (mean ∆β (depression) = 0.0008, 95% CI − 0.007 to 0.008; mean ∆β (anxiety) = 0.0002, 95% CI − 0.004 to 0.005). Conclusion We found preliminary evidence of a possible effect of CBT during pregnancy on widespread methylation in children’s genomes and a trend toward lower methylation of a CpG site previously shown by others to be linked to depression and child maltreatment. However, none of the effects survived correction for multiple testing and larger studies are warranted. Trial registration Trial registration of the original RCT: ACTRN12607000397415. Registered on 2 August 2007.
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Thomas M, Knoblich N, Wallisch A, Glowacz K, Becker-Sadzio J, Gundel F, Brückmann C, Nieratschker V. Increased BDNF methylation in saliva, but not blood, of patients with borderline personality disorder. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:109. [PMID: 30134995 PMCID: PMC6106893 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of epigenetic alterations in psychiatric disorders is increasingly acknowledged and the use of DNA methylation patterns as markers of disease is a topic of ongoing investigation. Recent studies suggest that patients suffering from Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) display differential DNA methylation of various genes relevant for neuropsychiatric conditions. For example, several studies report differential methylation in the promoter region of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF) in blood. However, little is known about BDNF methylation in other tissues. Results In the present study, we analyzed DNA methylation of the BDNF IV promoter in saliva and blood of 41 BPD patients and 41 matched healthy controls and found significant hypermethylation in the BPD patient’s saliva, but not blood. Further, we report that BDNF methylation in saliva of BPD patients significantly decreased after a 12-week psychotherapeutic intervention. Conclusions Providing a direct comparison of BDNF methylation in blood and saliva of the same individuals, our results demonstrate the importance of choice of tissue for the study of DNA methylation. In addition, they indicate a better suitability of saliva for the study of differential BDNF methylation in BPD patients. Further, our data appear to indicate a reversal of disease-specific alterations in BDNF methylation in response to psychotherapy, though further experiments are necessary to validate these results and determine the specificity of the effect. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0544-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nora Knoblich
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annalena Wallisch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Glowacz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Becker-Sadzio
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friederike Gundel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christof Brückmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Nieratschker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Calwerstr. 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Theda C, Hwang SH, Czajko A, Loke YJ, Leong P, Craig JM. Quantitation of the cellular content of saliva and buccal swab samples. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6944. [PMID: 29720614 PMCID: PMC5932057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Buccal swabs and saliva are the two most common oral sampling methods used for medical research. Often, these samples are used interchangeably, despite previous evidence that both contain buccal cells and blood leukocytes in different proportions. For some research, such as epigenetic studies, the cell types contributing to the analysis are highly relevant. We collected such samples from twelve children and twenty adults and, using Papanicolaou staining, measured the proportions of epithelial cells and leukocytes through microscopy. To our knowledge, no studies have compared cellular heterogeneity in buccal swab and saliva samples from adults and children. We confirmed that buccal swabs contained a higher proportion of epithelial cells than saliva and that children have a greater proportion of such cells in saliva compared to adults. At this level of resolution, buccal swabs and saliva contained similar epithelial cell subtypes. Gingivitis in children was associated with a higher proportion of leukocytes in saliva samples but not in buccal swabs. Compared to more detailed and costly methods such as flow cytometry or deconvolution methods used in epigenomic analysis, the procedure described here can serve as a simple and low-cost method to characterize buccal and saliva samples. Microscopy provides a low-cost tool to alert researchers to the presence of oral inflammation which may affect a subset of their samples. This knowledge might be highly relevant to their specific research questions, may assist with sample selection and thus might be crucial information despite the ability of data deconvolution methods to correct for cellular heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Theda
- The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Seo Hye Hwang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Czajko
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yuk Jing Loke
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pamela Leong
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Victoria, Australia. .,Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
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Langie SAS, Moisse M, Szarc Vel Szic K, Van Der Plas E, Koppen G, De Prins S, Louwies T, Nelen V, Van Camp G, Lambrechts D, Schoeters G, Vanden Berghe W, De Boever P. GLI2 promoter hypermethylation in saliva of children with a respiratory allergy. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:50. [PMID: 29682088 PMCID: PMC5896137 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0484-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of respiratory allergy in children is increasing. Epigenetic DNA methylation changes are plausible underlying molecular mechanisms. Results Saliva samples collected in substudies of two longitudinal birth cohorts in Belgium (FLEHS1 & FLEHS2) were used to discover and confirm DNA methylation signatures that can differentiate individuals with respiratory allergy from healthy subjects. Genome-wide analysis with Illumina Methylation 450K BeadChips revealed 23 differentially methylated gene regions (DMRs) in saliva from 11y old allergic children (N=26) vs. controls (N=20) in FLEHS1. A subset of 7 DMRs was selected for confirmation by iPLEX MassArray analysis. First, iPLEX analysis was performed in the same 46 FLEHS1 samples for analytical confirmation of the findings obtained during the discovery phase. iPLEX results correlated significantly with the 450K array data (P <0.0001) and confirmed 4 out of the 7 DMRs. Aiming for additional biological confirmation, the 7 DMRs were analyzed using iPLEX in a substudy of an independent birth cohort (FLEHS2; N=19 cases vs. 20 controls, aged 5 years). One DMR in the GLI2 promoter region showed a consistent statistically significant hypermethylation in individuals with respiratory allergy across the two birth cohorts and technologies. In addition to its involvement in TGF-β signaling and T-helper differentiation, GLI2 has a regulating role in lung development. Conclusion GLI2 is considered an interesting candidate DNA methylation marker for respiratory allergy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0484-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine A S Langie
- 1VITO- Sustainable Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.,2Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Moisse
- 3Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB and KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Szarc Vel Szic
- 1VITO- Sustainable Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.,4Proteinchemistry, Proteomics & Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ellen Van Der Plas
- 1VITO- Sustainable Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.,7Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Gudrun Koppen
- 1VITO- Sustainable Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Prins
- 1VITO- Sustainable Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Tijs Louwies
- 1VITO- Sustainable Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Vera Nelen
- Environment and Health unit, Provincial Institute of Hygiene, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- 6Center for Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- 3Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB and KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Schoeters
- 1VITO- Sustainable Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.,7Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.,8Department of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- 4Proteinchemistry, Proteomics & Epigenetic Signaling (PPES), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Patrick De Boever
- 1VITO- Sustainable Health, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.,2Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Titus AJ, Gallimore RM, Salas LA, Christensen BC. Cell-type deconvolution from DNA methylation: a review of recent applications. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:R216-R224. [PMID: 28977446 PMCID: PMC5886462 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cell-type deconvolution approaches are adding to our understanding of the biology underlying disease development and progression. DNA methylation (DNAm) can be used as a biomarker of cell types, and through deconvolution approaches, to infer underlying cell type proportions. Cell-type deconvolution algorithms have two main categories: reference-based and reference-free. Reference-based algorithms are supervised methods that determine the underlying composition of cell types within a sample by leveraging differentially methylated regions (DMRs) specific to cell type, identified from DNAm measures of purified cell populations. Reference-free algorithms are unsupervised methods for use when cell-type specific DMRs are not available, allowing scientists to estimate putative cellular proportions or control for potential confounding from cell type. Reference-based deconvolution is typically applied to blood samples and has potentiated our understanding of the relation between immune profiles and disease by allowing estimation of immune cell proportions from archival DNA. Bioinformatic analyses using DNAm to infer immune cell proportions, part of a new field known as Immunomethylomics, provides a new direction for consideration in epigenome wide association studies (EWAS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Titus
- Program in Quantitative Biomedical Sciences.,Department of Epidemiology
| | | | | | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology.,Department of Molecular and Systems Biology.,Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
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De Nys S, Duca RC, Nawrot T, Hoet P, Van Meerbeek B, Van Landuyt KL, Godderis L. Temporal variability of global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in buccal cells of healthy adults: Association with air pollution. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 111:301-308. [PMID: 29217223 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, are observed in response to environmental exposure and in the development of several chronic diseases. Consequently, DNA methylation alterations might serve as indicators of early effects. In this context, the aim of this study was to assess the temporal variability of global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation levels in buccal cells from healthy adult volunteers. METHODS Global DNA methylation (%5mdC) and hydroxymethylation (%5hmdC) levels in human buccal cells, collected from 26 healthy adults at different time points, were quantified by UPLC-MS/MS. Associations between %5mdC and %5hmdC, respectively, and short-term exposure (1-7days) to air pollutants PM2.5 and PM10 were tested with mixed-effects models including various covariates. RESULTS/DISCUSSION Dynamic short-term changes in DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation levels in buccal cells were observed, which were inversely associated with exposure to PM2.5 and PM10. An IQR increase in PM2.5 over a 7-day moving average period was significantly associated with a decrease of -1.47% (-1.74%, -1.20%) and -0.043% (-0.054%, -0.032%) in %5mdC and %5hmdC, respectively. Likewise, for PM10, a decrease of -1.42% (-1.70, -1.13) and -0.040% (-0.051%, -0.028%) was observed. CONCLUSION Global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylatation varied over a time period of three weeks. The observed temporal variability was associated with exposure to ambient PM2.5 and PM10 levels. This should be taken into account when interpreting epigenetic alterations in buccal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siemon De Nys
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Radu-Corneliu Duca
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Nawrot
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Belgium
| | - Peter Hoet
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Van Meerbeek
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kirsten L Van Landuyt
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Department of Oral Health Sciences, BIOMAT & University Hospitals Leuven (UZ Leuven), Dentistry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven (University of Leuven), Kapucijnenvoer 35, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium.
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Sjöholm LK, Ransome Y, Ekström TJ, Karlsson O. Evaluation of Post-Mortem Effects on Global Brain DNA Methylation and Hydroxymethylation. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 122:208-213. [PMID: 28834189 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The number of epigenetic studies on brain functions and diseases are dramatically increasing, but little is known about the impact of post-mortem intervals and post-sampling effects on DNA modifications such as 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Here, we examined post-mortem-induced changes in global brain 5mC and 5hmC levels at post-mortem intervals up to 540 min., and studied effects of tissue heat stabilization, using LUMA and ELISA. The global 5mC and 5hmC levels were generally higher in the cerebellum of adult rats than neonates. When measured by ELISA, the global 5mC content in adults, but not neonates, decreased with the post-mortem interval reaching a significantly lower level in cerebellum tissue at the post-mortem interval 540 min. (2.9 ± 0.7%; mean ± S.E.M.) compared to control (3.7 ± 0.6%). The global 5hmC levels increased with post-mortem interval reaching a significantly higher level at 540 min. (0.29 ± 0.06%) compared to control (0.19 ± 0.03%). This suggests that the post-mortem interval may confound 5mC and 5hmC analysis in human brain tissues as the post-mortem handling could vary substantially. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in cerebellum also increased over time, in particular in adults, and may be part of the mechanism that causes the observed post-mortem changes in 5mC and 5hmC. The global 5mC and 5hmC states were unaffected by heat stabilization, allowing analysis of tissues that are stabilized to preserve more labile analytes. Further studies in human samples are needed to confirm post-mortem effects on DNA methylation/hydroxymethylation and elucidate details of the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise K Sjöholm
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yusuf Ransome
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomas J Ekström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oskar Karlsson
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Abstract
Purpose The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the recent findings on the role of epigenetic mechanisms in periodontal disease, including disease susceptibility, progression, and as potential treatment options. Recent Findings The findings on the influence of oral pathogens on epigenetic regulation of pathogen recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines suggest an important role for epigenetics in the regulation of the host immune response. Recent studies also show that the epigenetic pattern in periodontitis lesions differ from that of healthy and gingivitis tissue. In addition, these patterns differ between tissues in the same individual. Research is also indicating a role for both DNA methylation and histone acetylation on cells osteogenic differentiation and bone regeneration. Summary Knowledge of epigenetic pattern in periodontal diseases may add not only to the knowledge of susceptibility of the disease but may also be a diagnostic tool to identify patients at risk to develop the severe form of periodontitis. In addition, recent research within gene therapy and tissue engineering indicate a role for epigenetics also to improve regeneration of periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Larsson
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 450, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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