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Martins-Correia J, Fernandes LA, Kenny R, Salas B, Karmani S, Inskip A, Pearson F, Watson S. Cariprazine in the acute treatment of unipolar and bipolar depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:297-307. [PMID: 38942207 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cariprazine has emerged as a promising augmenting treatment agent for unipolar depression and as a monotherapy option for bipolar depression. We evaluated cariprazine's efficacy in treating acute major depressive episodes in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder. METHODS A systematic review was conducted on MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov and ScanMedicine. Study quality was assessed using the RoB 2 tool. Pairwise and dose-response meta-analyses were conducted with RStudio. Evidence quality was assessed with GRADE. RESULTS Nine RCTs meeting inclusion criteria encompassed 4889 participants. Cariprazine, compared to placebo, significantly reduced the MADRS score (MD = -1.49, 95 % CI: -2.22 to -0.76) and demonstrated significantly higher response (RR = 1.21, 95 % CI: 1.12 to 1.30) and remission (RR = 1.19, 95 % CI: 1.06 to 1.34) rates. Subgroup analysis unveiled statistically significant reductions in MADRS score in MDD (MD = -1.15, 95 % CI: -2.04 to -0.26) and bipolar I disorder (BDI) (MD = -2.53, 95 % CI: -3.61 to -1.45), higher response rates for both MDD (RR = 1.19, 95 % CI: 1.08 to 1.31) and BDI (RR = 1.27, 95 % CI: 1.10 to 1.46), and higher remission rates only for BDI (RR = 1.41, 95 % CI: 1.24 to 1.60). A higher rate of treatment discontinuation due to adverse events was observed. LIMITATIONS Reliance solely on RCTs limits generalisability; strict criteria might not reflect real-world diversity. CONCLUSIONS Cariprazine demonstrates efficacy in treating major depressive episodes, although variations exist between MDD and BDI and tolerability may be an issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Martins-Correia
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences, Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luís Afonso Fernandes
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando Fonseca, EPE, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Ryan Kenny
- Evidence Synthesis Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; National Institute for Health Research Innovation Observatory, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Barbara Salas
- Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sneha Karmani
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alex Inskip
- National Institute for Health Research Innovation Observatory, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fiona Pearson
- Evidence Synthesis Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; National Institute for Health Research Innovation Observatory, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stuart Watson
- Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Hwang HH, Choi KM, Im CH, Yang C, Kim S, Lee SH. Comparative analysis of resting-state EEG-based multiscale entropy between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 134:111048. [PMID: 38825306 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies that use nonlinear methods to identify abnormal brain dynamics in patients with psychiatric disorders are limited. This study investigated brain dynamics based on EEG using multiscale entropy (MSE) analysis in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). METHODS The eyes-closed resting-state EEG data were collected from 51 patients with SZ, 51 patients with BD, and 51 healthy controls (HCs). Patients with BD were further categorized into type I (n = 23) and type II (n = 16), and then compared with patients with SZ. A sample entropy-based MSE was evaluated from the bilateral frontal, central, and parieto-occipital regions using 30-s artifact-free EEG data for each individual. Correlation analyses of MSE values and psychiatric symptoms were performed. RESULTS For patients with SZ, higher MSE values were observed at higher-scale factors (i.e., 41-70) across all regions compared with both HCs and patients with BD. Furthermore, there were positive correlations between the MSE values in the left frontal and parieto-occipital regions and PANSS scores. For patients with BD, higher MSE values were observed at middle-scale factors (i.e., 13-40) in the bilateral frontal and central regions compared with HCs. Patients with BD type I exhibited higher MSE values at higher-scale factors across all regions compared with those with BD type II. In BD type I, positive correlations were found between MSE values in all left regions and YMRS scores. CONCLUSIONS Patients with psychiatric disorders exhibited group-dependent MSE characteristics. These results suggest that MSE features may be useful biomarkers that reflect pathophysiological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ho Hwang
- Department of Human-Computer Interaction, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea; Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Min Choi
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Im
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeyeon Yang
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkean Kim
- Department of Human-Computer Interaction, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Juhwa-ro 170, Ilsanseo-Gu, Goyang 10370, Republic of Korea.
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Aydın EF, Özcan H, Yılmaz S, Aşkın S, Koca Laçin T, Topu EN. Homocysteine, hopelessness, rumination, affective temperaments, and clinical course in patients with bipolar disorder-1. Nord J Psychiatry 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38713772 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2024.2347633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the associations between homocysteine, rumination, affective temperaments, clinical features, and hopelessness in bipolar disorder-1 (BD-1). MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 57 euthymic patients with BD-1 and 57 healthy controls were included. The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A), and Ruminative Responses Scale Short Form (RRS-SF) were administered. Homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 levels were measured. RESULTS The BHS total (p = 0.047), TEMPS-A irritable (p = 0.007), and TEMPS-A cyclothymic (p= 0.001) scores were significantly higher than the control group in the BD-1 group. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) was found in 33.3% of the patients (n = 19). In the HHcy group, age of onset of disease (p = 0.020) was significantly lower than the non-HHcy group in patients. Previous suicide attempt number was significantly correlated with scores of reflective pondering, brooding, and global rumination in BD-1 (p ˂ 0.05). Except for hyperthymic temperament, all types of affective temperaments were correlated with the scores of RRS-SF brooding (p ˂ 0.05) in the BD-1 group. The RRS-SF brooding scores significantly correlated with the BHS total scores (r = 0.263, p < 0.05); the TEMPS-A hyperthymic (β = -0.351, p = 0.001) and TEMPS-A irritable (β = 0.536, p < 0.001) scores significantly predicted the BHS total scores in the BD-1 group. CONCLUSIONS The findings may lead clinical efforts and future clinical trials to explore and intervene in related sources and presentations of BD-1's adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esat Fahri Aydın
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Halil Özcan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sinan Yılmaz
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Seda Aşkın
- Health Services Vocational School, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Koca Laçin
- Department of Psychiatry, Ankara Etlik City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Nur Topu
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Wu Y, Su YA, Zhu L, Li J, Si T. Advances in functional MRI research in bipolar disorder: from the perspective of mood states. Gen Psychiatr 2024; 37:e101398. [PMID: 38292862 PMCID: PMC10826570 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2023-101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is characterised by recurrent and alternating episodes of mania/hypomania and depression. Current breakthroughs in functional MRI techniques have uncovered the functional neuroanatomy of bipolar disorder. However, the pathophysiology underlying mood instability, mood switching and the development of extreme mood states is less well understood. This review presents a comprehensive overview of current evidence from functional MRI studies from the perspective of mood states. We first summarise the disrupted brain activation patterns and functional connectivity that have been reported in bipolar disorder, irrespective of the mood state. We next focus on research that solely included patients in a single mood state for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder and research comparing patients with different mood states to dissect mood state-related effects. Finally, we briefly summarise current theoretical models and conclude this review by proposing potential avenues for future research. A comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology with consideration of mood states could not only deepen our understanding of how acute mood episodes develop at a neurophysiological level but could also facilitate the identification of biological targets for personalised treatment and the development of new interventions for bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankun Wu
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yun-Ai Su
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Zhu
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Jitao Li
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Tianmei Si
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
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Tassan Mazzocco M, Pisanu C, Russo L, Acconcia C, Cambiaghi M, De Girolamo S, Squassina A, Cherchi L, Monzani E, Scebba F, Angeloni D, De Gregorio D, Nasini S, Dall'Acqua S, Sut S, Suprani F, Garzilli M, Guiso B, Pulcinelli V, Iaselli MN, Pinna I, Somaini G, Arru L, Corrias C, Paribello P, Pinna F, Gobbi G, Valtorta F, Carpiniello B, Manchia M, Comai S. Melatonin MT 1 receptors as a target for the psychopharmacology of bipolar disorder: A translational study. Pharmacol Res 2023; 198:106993. [PMID: 37972722 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of bipolar disorder (BD) still remains a challenge. Melatonin (MLT), acting through its two receptors MT1 and MT2, plays a key role in regulating circadian rhythms which are dysfunctional in BD. Using a translational approach, we examined the implication and potential of MT1 receptors in the pathophysiology and psychopharmacology of BD. We employed a murine model of the manic phase of BD (Clock mutant (ClockΔ19) mice) to study the activation of MT1 receptors by UCM871, a selective partial agonist, in behavioral pharmacology tests and in-vivo electrophysiology. We then performed a high-resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance study on isolated membranes to characterize the molecular mechanism of interaction of UCM871. Finally, in a cohort of BD patients, we investigated the link between clinical measures of BD and genetic variants located in the MT1 receptor and CLOCK genes. We demonstrated that: 1) UCM871 can revert behavioral and electrophysiological abnormalities of ClockΔ19 mice; 2) UCM871 promotes the activation state of MT1 receptors; 3) there is a significant association between the number of severe manic episodes and MLT levels, depending on the genetic configuration of the MT1 rs2165666 variant. Overall, this work lends support to the potentiality of MT1 receptors as target for the treatment of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Tassan Mazzocco
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Pisanu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Clementina Acconcia
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Marco Cambiaghi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sofia De Girolamo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Science, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Cherchi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Monzani
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Scebba
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via G. Moruzzi, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Debora Angeloni
- Health Science Interdisciplinary Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via G. Moruzzi, 56124 Pisa, Italy; The Institute of Biorobotics, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Via G. Moruzzi, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Danilo De Gregorio
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sofia Nasini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefania Sut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Suprani
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Garzilli
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Beatrice Guiso
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Vittoria Pulcinelli
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Novella Iaselli
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pinna
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Somaini
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura Arru
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Carolina Corrias
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Paribello
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Pinna
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Flavia Valtorta
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; School of Medicine, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernardo Carpiniello
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mirko Manchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Stefano Comai
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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Li D, Hao J, Hao J, Cui X, Niu Y, Xiang J, Wang B. Enhanced Dynamic Laterality Based on Functional Subnetworks in Patients with Bipolar Disorder. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1646. [PMID: 38137094 PMCID: PMC10741828 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An ocean of studies have pointed to abnormal brain laterality changes in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Determining the altered brain lateralization will help us to explore the pathogenesis of BD. Our study will fill the gap in the study of the dynamic changes of brain laterality in BD patients and thus provide new insights into BD research. In this work, we used fMRI data from 48 BD patients and 48 normal controls (NC). We constructed the dynamic laterality time series by extracting the dynamic laterality index (DLI) at each sliding window. We then used k-means clustering to partition the laterality states and the Arenas-Fernandez-Gomez (AFG) community detection algorithm to determine the number of states. We characterized subjects' laterality characteristics using the mean laterality index (MLI) and laterality fluctuation (LF). Compared with NC, in all windows and state 1, BD patients showed higher MLI in the attention network (AN) of the right hemisphere, and AN in the left hemisphere showed more frequent laterality fluctuations. AN in the left hemisphere of BD patients showed higher MLI in all windows and state 3 compared to NC. In addition, in the AN of the right hemisphere in state 1, higher MLI in BD patients was significantly associated with patient symptoms. Our study provides new insights into the understanding of BD neuropathology in terms of brain dynamic laterality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China; (J.H.)
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Wu YK, Su YA, Zhu LL, Li JT, Li Q, Dai YR, Lin JY, Li K, Si TM. Intrinsic functional connectivity correlates of cognitive deficits involving sustained attention and executive function in bipolar disorder. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:584. [PMID: 37568112 PMCID: PMC10416380 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neural correlate of cognitive deficits in bipolar disorder (BD) is an issue that warrants further investigation. However, relatively few studies have examined the intrinsic functional connectivity (FC) underlying cognitive deficits involving sustained attention and executive function at both the region and network levels, as well as the different relationships between connectivity patterns and cognitive performance, in BD patients and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Patients with BD (n = 59) and HCs (n = 52) underwent structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and completed the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), the continuous performance test and a clinical assessment. A seed-based approach was used to evaluate the intrinsic FC alterations in three core neurocognitive networks (the default mode network [DMN], the central executive network [CEN] and the salience network [SN]). Finally, we examined the relationship between FC and cognitive performance by using linear regression analyses. RESULTS Decreased FC was observed within the DMN, in the DMN-SN and DMN-CEN and increased FC was observed in the SN-CEN in BD. The alteration direction of regional FC was consistent with that of FC at the brain network level. Decreased FC between the left posterior cingulate cortex and right anterior cingulate cortex was associated with longer WCST completion time in BD patients (but not in HCs). CONCLUSIONS These findings emphasize the dominant role of the DMN in the psychopathology of BD and provide evidence that cognitive deficits in BD may be associated with aberrant FC between the anterior and posterior DMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Kun Wu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yun-Ai Su
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lin-Lin Zhu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ji-Tao Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qian Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - You-Ran Dai
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jing-Yu Lin
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ke Li
- PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Tian-Mei Si
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China.
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Saccaro LF, Gaviria J, Ville DVD, Piguet C. Dynamic functional hippocampal markers of residual depressive symptoms in euthymic bipolar disorder. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3010. [PMID: 37062926 PMCID: PMC10275545 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe, chronic, affective disorder characterized by recurrent switching between mood states, psychomotor and cognitive symptoms, which can linger in euthymic states as residual symptoms. Hippocampal alterations may play a key role in the neural processing of BD symptoms. However, its dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) remains unclear. Therefore, the present study explores hippocampal dFC in relation to BD symptoms. METHODS We assessed hippocampus-based dFC coactivation patterns (CAPs) on resting-state fMRI data of 25 euthymic BD patients and 25 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). RESULTS Bilateral hippocampal dFC with somatomotor networks (SMN) was reduced in BD, compared to HC, while at the same time dFC between the left hippocampus and midcingulo-insular salience system (SN) was higher in BD. Correlational analysis between CAPs and clinical scores revealed that dFC between the bilateral hippocampus and the default-like network (DMN) correlated with depression scores in BD. Furthermore, pathological hyperconnectivity between the default mode network (DMN) and SMN and the frontoparietal network (FPN) was modulated by the same depression scores in BD. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we observed alterations of large-scale functional brain networks associated with decreased flexibility in cognitive control, salience detection, and emotion processing in BD. Additionally, the present study provides new insights on the neural architecture underlying a self-centered perspective on the environment in BD patients. dFC markers may improve detection, treatment, and follow-up of BD patients and of disabling residual depressive symptoms in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi F Saccaro
- Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatry DepartmentUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Psychiatry DivisionGeneva University HospitalGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Julian Gaviria
- Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatry DepartmentUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Department of Basic NeurosciencesUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Swiss Center for Affective SciencesCampus BiotechGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Swiss Center for Affective SciencesCampus BiotechGenevaSwitzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Medical InformaticsUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Neuro‐X Institute, School of EngineeringEcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)GenevaSwitzerland
| | - Camille Piguet
- Faculty of Medicine, Psychiatry DepartmentUniversity of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
- Child and Adolescence Psychiatry DivisionGeneva University HospitalGenevaSwitzerland
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9
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Global Functional Connectivity at Rest Is Associated with Attention: An Arterial Spin Labeling Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020228. [PMID: 36831771 PMCID: PMC9954008 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural markers of attention, including those frequently linked to the event-related potential P3 (P300) or P3b component, vary widely within and across participants. Understanding the neural mechanisms of attention that contribute to the P3 is crucial for better understanding attention-related brain disorders. All ten participants were scanned twice with a resting-state PCASL perfusion MRI and an ERP with a visual oddball task to measure brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and P3 parameters (P3 amplitudes and P3 latencies). Global rsFC (average rsFC across the entire brain) was associated with both P3 amplitudes (r = 0.57, p = 0.011) and P3 onset latencies (r = -0.56, p = 0.012). The observed P3 parameters were correlated with predicted P3 amplitude from the global rsFC (amplitude: r = +0.48, p = 0.037; latency: r = +0.40, p = 0.088) but not correlated with the rsFC over the most significant individual edge. P3 onset latency was primarily related to long-range connections between the prefrontal and parietal/limbic regions, while P3 amplitudes were related to connections between prefrontal and parietal/occipital, between sensorimotor and subcortical, and between limbic/subcortical and parietal/occipital regions. These results demonstrated the power of resting-state PCASL and P3 correlation with brain global functional connectivity.
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10
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Zou Y, Heyn C, Grigorian A, Tam F, Andreazza AC, Graham SJ, Maclntosh BJ, Goldstein BI. Measuring Brain Temperature in Youth Bipolar Disorder Using a Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging Approach: A Proof-of-concept Study. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1355-1366. [PMID: 36946483 PMCID: PMC10324328 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230322090754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence of alterations in mitochondrial energy metabolism and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in adults and youth with bipolar disorder (BD). Brain thermoregulation is based on the balance of heat-producing metabolism and heat-dissipating mechanisms, including CBF. OBJECTIVE To examine brain temperature, and its relation to CBF, in relation to BD and mood symptom severity in youth. METHODS This study included 25 youth participants (age 17.4 ± 1.7 years; 13 BD, 12 control group (CG)). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy data were acquired to obtain brain temperature in the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the left precuneus. Regional estimates of CBF were provided by arterial spin labeling imaging. Analyses used general linear regression models, covarying for age, sex, and psychiatric medications. RESULTS Brain temperature was significantly higher in BD compared to CG in the precuneus. A higher ratio of brain temperature to CBF was significantly associated with greater depression symptom severity in both the ACC and precuneus within BD. Analyses examining the relationship of brain temperature or CBF with depression severity score did not reveal any significant finding in the ACC or the precuneus. CONCLUSION The current study provides preliminary evidence of increased brain temperature in youth with BD, in whom reduced thermoregulatory capacity is putatively associated with depression symptom severity. Evaluation of brain temperature and CBF in conjunction may provide valuable insight beyond what can be gleaned by either metric alone. Larger prospective studies are warranted to further evaluate brain temperature and its association with CBF concerning BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chinthaka Heyn
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anahit Grigorian
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fred Tam
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ana Cristina Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1R8, ON, Canada
| | - Simon J. Graham
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J. Maclntosh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Foundation, Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin I. Goldstein
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Youth Bipolar Disorder, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1R8, ON, Canada
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11
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Luciano M, Di Vincenzo M, Mancuso E, Marafioti N, Di Cerbo A, Giallonardo V, Sampogna G, Fiorillo A. Does the Brain Matter? Cortical Alterations in Pediatric Bipolar Disorder: A Critical Review of Structural and Functional Magnetic Resonance Studies. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1302-1318. [PMID: 36173069 PMCID: PMC10324338 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220927114417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) is associated with significant psychosocial impairment, high use of mental health services and a high number of relapses and hospitalization. Neuroimaging techniques provide the opportunity to study the neurodevelopmental processes underlying PBD, helping to identify the endophenotypic markers of illness and early biological markers of PBD. The aim of the study is to review available studies assessing structural and functional brain correlates associated with PBD. PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge and PsychINFO databases have been searched. Studies were included if they enrolled patients aged 0-18 years with a main diagnosis of PBD according to ICD or DSM made by a mental health professional, adopted structural and/or functional magnetic resonance as the main neuroimaging method, were written in English and included a comparison with healthy subjects. Of the 400 identified articles, 46 papers were included. Patients with PBD present functional and anatomic alterations in structures normally affecting regulations and cognition. Structural neuroimaging revealed a significant reduction in gray matter, with cortical thinning in bilateral frontal, parietal and occipital cortices. Functional neuroimaging studies reported a reduced engagement of the frontolimbic and hyperactivation of the frontostriatal circuitry. Available studies on brain connectivity in PBD patients potentially indicate less efficient connections between regions involved in cognitive and emotional functions. A greater functional definition of alteration in brain functioning of PBD patients will be useful to set up a developmentally sensitive targeted pharmacological and nonpharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Luciano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Vincenzo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Emiliana Mancuso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Niccolò Marafioti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Di Cerbo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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12
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Wei H, Jin X, Su Z. A Circuit Model for Working Memory Based on Hybrid Positive and Negative-Derivative Feedback Mechanism. Brain Sci 2022; 12:547. [PMID: 35624934 PMCID: PMC9139460 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12050547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) plays an important role in cognitive activity. The WM system is used to temporarily store information in learning and decision-making. WM always functions in many aspects of daily life, such as the short-term memory of words, cell phone verification codes, and cell phone numbers. In young adults, studies have shown that a central memory store is limited to three to five meaningful items. Little is known about how WM functions at the microscopic neural level, but appropriate neural network computational models can help us gain a better understanding of it. In this study, we attempt to design a microscopic neural network model to explain the internal mechanism of WM. The performance of existing positive feedback models depends on the parameters of a synapse. We use a negative-derivative feedback mechanism to counteract the drift in persistent activity, making the hybrid positive and negative-derivative feedback (HPNF) model more robust to common disturbances. To fulfill the mechanism of WM at the neural circuit level, we construct two main neural networks based on the HPNF model: a memory-storage sub-network (the memory-storage sub-network is composed of several sets of neurons, so we call it "SET network", or "SET" for short) with positive feedback and negative-derivative feedback and a storage distribution network (SDN) designed by combining SET for memory item storage and memory updating. The SET network is a neural information self-sustaining mechanism, which is robust to common disturbances; the SDN constructs a storage distribution network at the neural circuit level; the experimental results show that our network can fulfill the storage, association, updating, and forgetting of information at the level of neural circuits, and it can work in different individuals with little change in parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Laboratory of Cognitive Model and Algorithm, Department of Computer Science, Fudan University, No. 825 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.J.); (Z.S.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science, No. 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiao Jin
- Laboratory of Cognitive Model and Algorithm, Department of Computer Science, Fudan University, No. 825 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.J.); (Z.S.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science, No. 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zihao Su
- Laboratory of Cognitive Model and Algorithm, Department of Computer Science, Fudan University, No. 825 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China; (X.J.); (Z.S.)
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Data Science, No. 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
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13
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Piani MC, Maggioni E, Delvecchio G, Brambilla P. Sustained attention alterations in major depressive disorder: A review of fMRI studies employing Go/No-Go and CPT tasks. J Affect Disord 2022; 303:98-113. [PMID: 35139418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe psychiatric condition characterized by selective cognitive dysfunctions. In this regard, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies showed, both at resting state and during tasks, alterations in the brain functional networks involved in cognitive processes in MDD patients compared to controls. Among those, it seems that the attention network may have a role in the disease pathophysiology. Therefore, in this review we aim at summarizing the current fMRI evidence investigating sustained attention in MDD patients. METHODS We conducted a search on PubMed on case-control studies on MDD employing fMRI acquisitions during Go/No-Go and continuous performance tasks. A total of 12 studies have been included in the review. RESULTS Overall, the majority of fMRI studies reported quantitative alterations in the response to attentive tasks in selective brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, the cingulate cortex, the temporal and parietal lobes, the insula and the precuneus, which are key nodes of the attention, the executive, and the default mode networks. LIMITATIONS The heterogeneity in the study designs, fMRI acquisition techniques and processing methods have limited the generalizability of the results. CONCLUSIONS The results from the included studies showed the presence of alterations in the activation patterns of regions involved in sustained attention in MDD, which are in line with current evidence and seemed to explain some of the key symptoms of depression. However, given the paucity and heterogeneity of studies available, it may be worthwhile to continue investigating the attentional domain in MDD with ad-hoc study designs to retrieve more robust evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Piani
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Eleonora Maggioni
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano 20122, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Delvecchio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano 20122, Italy.
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano 20122, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Italy
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14
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Yang N, Liu F, Zhang X, Chen C, Xia Z, Fu S, Wang J, Xu J, Cui S, Zhang Y, Yi M, Wan Y, Li Q, Xu S. A Hybrid Titanium-Softmaterial, High-Strength, Transparent Cranial Window for Transcranial Injection and Neuroimaging. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12020129. [PMID: 35200389 PMCID: PMC8870569 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A transparent and penetrable cranial window is essential for neuroimaging, transcranial injection and comprehensive understanding of cortical functions. For these applications, cranial windows made from glass coverslip, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polymethylmethacrylate, crystal and silicone hydrogel have offered remarkable convenience. However, there is a lack of high-strength, high-transparency, penetrable cranial window with clinical application potential. We engineer high-strength hybrid Titanium-PDMS (Ti-PDMS) cranial windows, which allow large transparent area for in vivo two-photon imaging, and provide a soft window for transcranial injection. Laser scanning and 3D printing techniques are used to match the hybrid cranial window to different skull morphology. A multi-cycle degassing pouring process ensures a good combination of PDMS and Ti frame. Ti-PDMS cranial windows have a high fracture strength matching human skull bone, excellent light transmittance up to 94.4%, and refractive index close to biological tissue. Ti-PDMS cranial windows show excellent bio-compatibility during 21-week implantation in mice. Dye injection shows that the PDMS window has a "self-sealing" to keep liquid from leaking out. Two-photon imaging for brain tissues could be achieved up to 450 µm in z-depth. As a novel brain-computer-interface, this Ti-PDMS device offers an alternative choice for in vivo drug delivery, optical experiments, ultrasonic treatment and electrophysiology recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Yang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (N.Y.); (J.X.)
| | - Fengyu Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (S.X.)
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.Z.); (Q.L.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chenni Chen
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xia
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Su Fu
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (N.Y.); (J.X.)
- School of Microelectronics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shuang Cui
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (C.C.); (S.F.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (Y.Z.); (M.Y.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qing Li
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China; (X.Z.); (Q.L.)
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shengyong Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics & Chemistry of Nanodevices, Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (N.Y.); (J.X.)
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (S.X.)
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15
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Saldarini F, Gottlieb N, Stokes PRA. Neural correlates of working memory function in euthymic people with bipolar disorder compared to healthy controls: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 297:610-622. [PMID: 34715175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorders (BD) are serious mental health disorders that impacts on cognitive and social functioning. We aimed to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis of fMRI correlates of working memory in euthymic people with BD compared to healthy participants. METHOD Web of Science, Embase and PubMed databases were systematically searched to identify studies which examined the fMRI correlates of working memory function in euthymic people with BD and healthy participants. Relevant demographic, behavioral and functional MRI (fMRI) data was qualitatively and quantitatively assessed, and the quality of the included studies evaluated. Comparable studies which used the same working memory task were included in a meta-analysis using Seed-Based D Mapping software (SDM). RESULTS Twenty-four studies were included in this systematic review. Consistent brain fMRI activity differences were found in key brain areas of the working memory network in euthymic people with BD compared to healthy participants including the ventromedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. Cognitive performance was not significantly different between the two groups. Six studies were suitable to be included in the meta-analysis. There was no significant overlap in areas of brain activation after family-wise correction for multiple comparisons. LIMITATIONS Heterogeneity of task paradigms, small sample sizes and inherent difficulty in the interpretation of functional brain activity due to variations between studies were all limitations. CONCLUSION The differences in working memory related fMRI activity identified by this study between people with BD and healthy participants are consistent with existing literature reporting impaired working memory performance in BD. This was not accompanied by significant differences in cognitive performance in the reviewed studies, likely due to small sample sizes. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between differential brain activity and working memory performance in people with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Saldarini
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park; London, Camberwell SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Gottlieb
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park; London, Camberwell SE5 8AB, United Kingdom.
| | - Paul R A Stokes
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park; London, Camberwell SE5 8AB, United Kingdom
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16
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Ching CRK, Hibar DP, Gurholt TP, Nunes A, Thomopoulos SI, Abé C, Agartz I, Brouwer RM, Cannon DM, de Zwarte SMC, Eyler LT, Favre P, Hajek T, Haukvik UK, Houenou J, Landén M, Lett TA, McDonald C, Nabulsi L, Patel Y, Pauling ME, Paus T, Radua J, Soeiro‐de‐Souza MG, Tronchin G, van Haren NEM, Vieta E, Walter H, Zeng L, Alda M, Almeida J, Alnæs D, Alonso‐Lana S, Altimus C, Bauer M, Baune BT, Bearden CE, Bellani M, Benedetti F, Berk M, Bilderbeck AC, Blumberg HP, Bøen E, Bollettini I, del Mar Bonnin C, Brambilla P, Canales‐Rodríguez EJ, Caseras X, Dandash O, Dannlowski U, Delvecchio G, Díaz‐Zuluaga AM, Dima D, Duchesnay É, Elvsåshagen T, Fears SC, Frangou S, Fullerton JM, Glahn DC, Goikolea JM, Green MJ, Grotegerd D, Gruber O, Haarman BCM, Henry C, Howells FM, Ives‐Deliperi V, Jansen A, Kircher TTJ, Knöchel C, Kramer B, Lafer B, López‐Jaramillo C, Machado‐Vieira R, MacIntosh BJ, Melloni EMT, Mitchell PB, Nenadic I, Nery F, Nugent AC, Oertel V, Ophoff RA, Ota M, Overs BJ, Pham DL, Phillips ML, Pineda‐Zapata JA, Poletti S, Polosan M, Pomarol‐Clotet E, Pouchon A, Quidé Y, Rive MM, Roberts G, Ruhe HG, Salvador R, Sarró S, Satterthwaite TD, Schene AH, Sim K, Soares JC, Stäblein M, Stein DJ, Tamnes CK, Thomaidis GV, Upegui CV, Veltman DJ, Wessa M, Westlye LT, Whalley HC, Wolf DH, Wu M, Yatham LN, Zarate CA, Thompson PM, Andreassen OA. What we learn about bipolar disorder from large-scale neuroimaging: Findings and future directions from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:56-82. [PMID: 32725849 PMCID: PMC8675426 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MRI-derived brain measures offer a link between genes, the environment and behavior and have been widely studied in bipolar disorder (BD). However, many neuroimaging studies of BD have been underpowered, leading to varied results and uncertainty regarding effects. The Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Bipolar Disorder Working Group was formed in 2012 to empower discoveries, generate consensus findings and inform future hypothesis-driven studies of BD. Through this effort, over 150 researchers from 20 countries and 55 institutions pool data and resources to produce the largest neuroimaging studies of BD ever conducted. The ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group applies standardized processing and analysis techniques to empower large-scale meta- and mega-analyses of multimodal brain MRI and improve the replicability of studies relating brain variation to clinical and genetic data. Initial BD Working Group studies reveal widespread patterns of lower cortical thickness, subcortical volume and disrupted white matter integrity associated with BD. Findings also include mapping brain alterations of common medications like lithium, symptom patterns and clinical risk profiles and have provided further insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms of BD. Here we discuss key findings from the BD working group, its ongoing projects and future directions for large-scale, collaborative studies of mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. K. Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Tiril P. Gurholt
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Division of Mental Health and Addicition, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Abraham Nunes
- Department of PsychiatryDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- Faculty of Computer ScienceDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Christoph Abé
- Faculty of Computer ScienceDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Psychiatric ResearchDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
- Center for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Rachel M. Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Dara M. Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health SciencesNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Sonja M. C. de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Lisa T. Eyler
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of CaliforniaLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Desert‐Pacific MIRECCVA San Diego HealthcareSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pauline Favre
- INSERM U955, team 15 “Translational Neuro‐Psychiatry”CréteilFrance
- Neurospin, CEA Paris‐Saclay, team UNIACTGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Tomas Hajek
- Division of Mental Health and Addicition, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- National Institute of Mental HealthKlecanyCzech Republic
| | - Unn K. Haukvik
- Division of Mental Health and Addicition, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Josselin Houenou
- INSERM U955, team 15 “Translational Neuro‐Psychiatry”CréteilFrance
- Neurospin, CEA Paris‐Saclay, team UNIACTGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
- APHPMondor University Hospitals, DMU IMPACTCréteilFrance
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Neuroscience and PhysiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and BiostatisticsKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Tristram A. Lett
- Department for Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
- Department of Neurology with Experimental NeurologyCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Colm McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Leila Nabulsi
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Yash Patel
- Bloorview Research InstituteHolland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Melissa E. Pauling
- Desert‐Pacific MIRECCVA San Diego HealthcareSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- INSERM U955, team 15 “Translational Neuro‐Psychiatry”CréteilFrance
| | - Tomas Paus
- Bloorview Research InstituteHolland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada
- Departments of Psychology and PsychiatryUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Department of Psychiatric ResearchDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)BarcelonaSpain
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical‐detection (EPIC) lab, Department of Psychosis StudiesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- Stockholm Health Care ServicesStockholm County CouncilStockholmSweden
| | - Marcio G. Soeiro‐de‐Souza
- Mood Disorders Unit (GRUDA), Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Giulia Tronchin
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Neeltje E. M. van Haren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/PsychologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)BarcelonaSpain
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Henrik Walter
- Department for Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Ling‐Li Zeng
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- College of Intelligence Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangshaChina
| | - Martin Alda
- Division of Mental Health and Addicition, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | - Jorge Almeida
- Dell Medical SchoolThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Dag Alnæs
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Silvia Alonso‐Lana
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- CIBERSAMMadridSpain
| | - Cara Altimus
- Milken Institute Center for Strategic PhilanthropyWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical FacultyTechnische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
| | - Bernhard T. Baune
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
- Department of PsychiatryThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Carrie E. Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human BehaviorUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Marcella Bellani
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Michael Berk
- Department of Pathophysiology and TransplantationUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- IMPACT Institute – The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon HealthDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Amy C. Bilderbeck
- The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of MelbourneOrygenMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- P1vital LtdWallingfordUK
| | | | - Erlend Bøen
- Mood Disorders Research ProgramYale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Irene Bollettini
- Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Caterina del Mar Bonnin
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)BarcelonaSpain
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Paolo Brambilla
- Psychosomatic and CL PsychiatryOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental HealthFondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoMilanItaly
| | - Erick J. Canales‐Rodríguez
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- CIBERSAMMadridSpain
- Department of RadiologyCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)LausanneSwitzerland
- Signal Processing Lab (LTS5), École Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Xavier Caseras
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Orwa Dandash
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Melbourne and Melbourne HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Brain, Mind and Society Research Hub, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of MünsterMünsterGermany
| | | | - Ana M. Díaz‐Zuluaga
- Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine, Universidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Danai Dima
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences and ArtsCity, University of LondonLondonUK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Torbjørn Elvsåshagen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT)Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Department of NeurologyOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Scott C. Fears
- Center for Neurobehavioral GeneticsLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Greater Los Angeles Veterans AdministrationLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Centre for Brain HealthUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Janice M. Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - David C. Glahn
- Department of PsychiatryBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jose M. Goikolea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM)BarcelonaSpain
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of NeurosciencesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Melissa J. Green
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Oliver Gruber
- Department of General PsychiatryHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Bartholomeus C. M. Haarman
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Chantal Henry
- Department of PsychiatryService Hospitalo‐Universitaire, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & NeurosciencesParisFrance
- Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Fleur M. Howells
- Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | | | - Andreas Jansen
- Core‐Facility Brainimaging, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MarburgMarburgGermany
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Tilo T. J. Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Christian Knöchel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Bernd Kramer
- Department of General PsychiatryHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Beny Lafer
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM‐21), Departamento e Instituto de PsiquiatriaHospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | - Carlos López‐Jaramillo
- Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine, Universidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
- Mood Disorders ProgramHospital Universitario Trastorno del ÁnimoMedellínColombia
| | - Rodrigo Machado‐Vieira
- Experimental Therapeutics and Molecular Pathophysiology Program, Department of PsychiatryUTHealth, University of TexasHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Bradley J. MacIntosh
- Hurvitz Brain SciencesSunnybrook Research InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Elisa M. T. Melloni
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Philip B. Mitchell
- School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Igor Nenadic
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyPhilipps‐University MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Fabiano Nery
- University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
- Universidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil
| | | | - Viola Oertel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Roel A. Ophoff
- UCLA Center for Neurobehavioral GeneticsLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PsychiatryErasmus Medical Center, Erasmus UniversityRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder ResearchNational Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | | | - Daniel L. Pham
- Milken Institute Center for Strategic PhilanthropyWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Mary L. Phillips
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Sara Poletti
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Division of Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Psychobiology UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Mircea Polosan
- University of Grenoble AlpesCHU Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
- INSERM U1216 ‐ Grenoble Institut des NeurosciencesLa TroncheFrance
| | - Edith Pomarol‐Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- CIBERSAMMadridSpain
| | - Arnaud Pouchon
- University of Grenoble AlpesCHU Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Yann Quidé
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaRandwickNew South WalesAustralia
- School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Maria M. Rive
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMC, location AMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Gloria Roberts
- School of PsychiatryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Henricus G. Ruhe
- Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviorRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Raymond Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- CIBERSAMMadridSpain
| | - Salvador Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research FoundationBarcelonaSpain
- CIBERSAMMadridSpain
| | - Theodore D. Satterthwaite
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Aart H. Schene
- Department of PsychiatryRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Kang Sim
- West Region, Institute of Mental HealthSingaporeSingapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Jair C. Soares
- Center of Excellent on Mood DisordersUTHealth HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUTHealth HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Michael Stäblein
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and PsychotherapyGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Neuroscience InstituteUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental HealthUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental DisordersUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Christian K. Tamnes
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of Psychiatric ResearchDiakonhjemmet HospitalOsloNorway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Georgios V. Thomaidis
- Papanikolaou General HospitalThessalonikiGreece
- Laboratory of Mechanics and MaterialsSchool of Engineering, Aristotle UniversityThessalonikiGreece
| | - Cristian Vargas Upegui
- Research Group in Psychiatry GIPSI, Department of PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine, Universidad de AntioquiaMedellínColombia
| | - Dick J. Veltman
- Department of PsychiatryAmsterdam UMCAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Michèle Wessa
- Department of Neuropsychology and Clinical PsychologyJohannes Gutenberg‐University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Mental Health and AddictionOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
| | | | - Daniel H. Wolf
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Mon‐Ju Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUTHealth HoustonHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Lakshmi N. Yatham
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Carlos A. Zarate
- Chief Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology BranchBethesdaMarylandUSA
- Intramural Research ProgramNational Institute of Mental HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of OsloOsloNorway
- Division of Mental Health and Addicition, Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway
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Guglielmo R, Miskowiak KW, Hasler G. Evaluating endophenotypes for bipolar disorder. Int J Bipolar Disord 2021; 9:17. [PMID: 34046710 PMCID: PMC8160068 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-021-00220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenotypic heterogeneity is a major impediment to the elucidation of the neurobiology and genetics of bipolar disorder. Endophenotype could help in reducing heterogeneity by defining biological traits that are more direct expressions of gene effects. The aim of this review is to examine the recent literature on clinical, epidemiological, neurobiological, and genetic findings and to select and evaluate candidate endophenotypes for bipolar disorder. Evaluating putative endophenotype could be helpful in better understanding the neurobiology of bipolar disorder by improving the definition of bipolar-related phenotypes in genetic studies. In this manner, research on endophenotypes could be useful to improve psychopathological diagnostics in the long-run by dissecting psychiatric macro phenotypes into biologically valid components. MAIN BODY The associations among the psychopathological and biological endophenotypes are discussed with respect to specificity, temporal stability, heritability, familiarity, and clinical and biological plausibility. Numerous findings regarding brain function, brain structure, neuropsychology and altered neurochemical pathways in patients with bipolar disorder and their relatives deserve further investigation. Overall, major findings suggest a developmental origin of this disorder as all the candidate endophenotypes that we have been able to select are present both in the early stages of the disorder as well as in subjects at risk. CONCLUSIONS Among the stronger candidate endophenotypes, we suggest circadian rhythm instability, dysmodulation of emotion and reward, altered neuroimmune state, attention and executive dysfunctions, anterior cingulate cortex thickness and early white matter abnormalities. In particular, early white matter abnormalities could be the result of a vulnerable brain on which new stressors are added in young adulthood which favours the onset of the disorder. Possible pathways that lead to a vulnerable brain are discussed starting from the data about molecular and imaging endophenotypes of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Guglielmo
- Psychiatry Research Unit, Fribourg Network for Mental Health (RFSM), University of Fribourg, Chemin du Cardinal-Journet 3, 1752, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland.,Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Catholic University Medical School, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gregor Hasler
- Psychiatry Research Unit, Fribourg Network for Mental Health (RFSM), University of Fribourg, Chemin du Cardinal-Journet 3, 1752, Villars-sur-Glâne, Switzerland.
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18
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Shabbir M, Akeroyd MA, Hall DA. A comprehensive literature search to identify existing measures assessing "concentration" as a core outcome domain for sound-based interventions for chronic subjective tinnitus in adults. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 262:209-224. [PMID: 33931180 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Core Outcome Measures in Tinnitus (COMiT) initiative has recommended a minimum standard of five outcomes when designing a clinical trial to assess the efficacy of sound-based interventions. These are: ability to ignore, concentration, quality of sleep, sense of control and tinnitus intrusiveness. The next stage is to consider what measurement instruments might be appropriate for assessing these constructs. The current study aimed to systematically gather existing instruments used to assess concentration. A total of 6240 potentially relevant records were identified. Duplicates and non-published works were removed, leaving a total of 3599 records. A procedure was developed to sample a subset of records, in order to identify relevant instruments without exhaustively reading all 3599 texts. Initially 559 records were identified by screening 1000 articles; 500 of which were randomly selected, and 500 were the most recent publications identified from the PubMed database. Using predefined criteria for data saturation, information about measures of concentration was extracted from the 559 full texts. However, data saturation was reached by 240. Thirteen candidate instruments were identified. The next step will be to assess content validity and feasibility of administration for all these candidate instruments. Findings will inform future recommendations for how to measure concentration in clinical trials to ensure results of trials can be easily compared, contrasted, and synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shabbir
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael A Akeroyd
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah A Hall
- Hearing Sciences, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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19
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Bechi Gabrielli G, Rossi-Arnaud C, Spataro P, Doricchi F, Costanzi M, Santirocchi A, Angeletti G, Sani G, Cestari V. The Attentional Boost Effect in Young and Adult Euthymic Bipolar Patients and Healthy Controls. J Pers Med 2021; 11:185. [PMID: 33800780 PMCID: PMC8001531 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Attentional Boost Effect (ABE), stimuli encoded with to-be-responded targets are later recognized more accurately than stimuli encoded with to-be-ignored distractors. While this effect is robust in young adults, evidence regarding healthy older adults and clinical populations is sparse. The present study investigated whether a significant ABE is present in bipolar patients (BP), who, even in the euthymic phase, suffer from attentional deficits, and whether the effect is modulated by age. Young and adult euthymic BP and healthy controls (HC) presented with a sequence of pictures paired with target or distractor squares were asked to pay attention to the pictures and press the spacebar when a target square appeared. After a 15-min interval, their memory of the pictures was tested in a recognition task. The performance in the detection task was lower in BP than in HC, in both age groups. More importantly, neither young nor adult BP exhibited a significant ABE; for HC, a robust ABE was only found in young participants. The results suggest that the increase in the attentional demands of the detection task in BP and in adult HC draws resources away from the encoding of target-associated stimuli, resulting in elimination of the ABE. Clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bechi Gabrielli
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.G.); (C.R.-A.); (F.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Clelia Rossi-Arnaud
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.G.); (C.R.-A.); (F.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Pietro Spataro
- Faculty of Economics, Universitas Mercatorum, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Doricchi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.G.); (C.R.-A.); (F.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Marco Costanzi
- Department of Human Sciences, Lumsa University, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Santirocchi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.G.); (C.R.-A.); (F.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Gloria Angeletti
- Nesmos Department, Sapienza University, Sant’Andrea Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Institute of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00100 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cestari
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy; (G.B.G.); (C.R.-A.); (F.D.); (A.S.)
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20
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Soler J, Lera-Miguel S, Lázaro L, Calvo R, Ferentinos P, Fañanás L, Fatjó-Vilas M. Familial aggregation analysis of cognitive performance in early-onset bipolar disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1705-1716. [PMID: 32052174 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01486-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We analysed the familial aggregation (familiality) of cognitive dimensions and explored their role as liability markers for early-onset bipolar disorder (EOBD). The sample comprised 99 subjects from 26 families, each with an offspring diagnosed with EOBD. Four cognitive dimensions were assessed: reasoning skills; attention and working memory; memory; and executive functions. Their familiality was investigated in the total sample and in a subset of healthy relatives. The intra-family resemblance score (IRS), a family-based index of the similarity of cognitive performance among family members, was calculated. Familiality was detected for the attention and working memory (AW) dimension in the total sample (ICC = 0.37, p = 0.0004) and in the subsample of healthy relatives (ICC = 0.37, p = 0.016). The IRS reflected that there are families with similar AW mean scores (either high or low) and families with heterogeneous scores. Families with the most common background for the AW dimension (IRS > 0) were selected and dichotomized in two groups according to the mean family AW score. This allowed differentiating families whose members had similar high scores than those with similar low scores: both patients (t = - 4.82, p = 0.0005) and relatives (t = - 5.04, p < 0.0001) of the two groups differed in their AW scores. AW dimension showed familial aggregation, suggesting its putative role as a familial vulnerability marker for EOBD. The IRS estimation allowed the identification of families with homogeneous scores for this dimension. This represents a first step towards the investigation of the underlying mechanisms of AW dimension and the identification of etiological subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Soler
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Lera-Miguel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luisa Lázaro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Calvo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Panagiotis Ferentinos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Fatjó-Vilas
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Wang YY, Sun L, Liu YW, Pan JH, Zheng YM, Wang YF, Zang YF, Zhang H. The Low-Frequency Fluctuation of Trial-by-Trial Frontal Theta Activity and Its Correlation With Reaction-Time Variability in Sustained Attention. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1555. [PMID: 32765356 PMCID: PMC7381245 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaction-time variability is a critical index of sustained attention. However, researchers still lack effective measures to establish the association between neurophysiological activity and this behavioral variability. Here, the present study recorded reaction time (RT) and cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) in healthy subjects when they continuously performed an alternative responding task. The frontal theta activity and reaction-time variability were examined trial by trial using the measures of standard deviation (SD) in the time domain and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in the frequency domain. Our results showed that the SD of reaction-time variability did not have any correlation with the SD of trial-by-trial frontal theta activity, and the ALFF of reaction-time variability has a significant correlation with the ALFF of trial-by-trial frontal theta activity in 0.01–0.027 Hz. These results suggested the methodological significance of ALFF in establishing the association between neurophysiological activity and reaction-time variability. Furthermore, these findings also support the low-frequency fluctuation as a potential feature of sustained attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Yao Wang
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Sun
- Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Wei Liu
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Hui Pan
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ming Zheng
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, The Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zang
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, College of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Sepede G, Chiacchiaretta P, Gambi F, Di Iorio G, De Berardis D, Ferretti A, Perrucci MG, Di Giannantonio M. Bipolar disorder with and without a history of psychotic features: fMRI correlates of sustained attention. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2020; 98:109817. [PMID: 31756418 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Sepede
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy.
| | - Piero Chiacchiaretta
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy; ITAB - Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Gambi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonio Ferretti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy; ITAB - Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Gianni Perrucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy; ITAB - Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy; Department of Mental Health - Chieti, National Health Trust, Italy
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23
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Young JW, Geyer MA, Halberstadt AL, van Enkhuizen J, Minassian A, Khan A, Perry W, Eyler LT. Convergent neural substrates of inattention in bipolar disorder patients and dopamine transporter-deficient mice using the 5-choice CPT. Bipolar Disord 2020; 22:46-58. [PMID: 31025493 PMCID: PMC6815232 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bipolar disorder (BD) is a debilitating psychiatric illness affecting 2%-5% of the population. Although mania is the cardinal feature of BD, inattention and related cognitive dysfunction are observed across all stages. Since cognitive dysfunction confers poor functional outcome in patients, understanding the relevant neural mechanisms remains key to developing novel-targeted therapeutics. METHODS The 5-choice continuous performance test (5C-CPT) is a mouse and fMRI-compatible human attentional task, requiring responding to target stimuli while inhibiting responding to nontarget stimuli, as in clinical CPTs. This task was used to delineate systems-level neural deficits in BD contributing to inattentive performance in human subjects with BD as well as mouse models with either parietal cortex (PC) lesions or reduced dopamine transporter (DAT) expression. RESULTS Mania BD participants exhibited severe 5C-CPT impairment. Euthymic BD patients exhibited modestly impaired 5C-CPT. High impulsivity BD subjects exhibited reduced PC activation during target and nontarget responding compared with healthy participants. In mice, bilateral PC lesions impaired both target and nontarget responding. In the DAT knockdown mouse model of BD mania, knockdown mice exhibited severely impaired 5C-CPT performance versus wildtype littermates. CONCLUSIONS These data support the role of the PC in inattention in BD-specifically regarding identifying the appropriate response to target vs nontarget stimuli. Moreover, the findings indicate that severely reduced DAT function/hyperdopaminergia recreates the attentional deficits observed in BD mania patients. Determining the contribution of DAT in the PC to attention may provide a future target for treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared W. Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804
- Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Mark A. Geyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804
- Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Adam L. Halberstadt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804
| | - Jordy van Enkhuizen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arpi Minassian
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804
| | - Asma Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804
| | - William Perry
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804
| | - Lisa T. Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0804, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804
- Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
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24
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Bo Q, Dong F, Li X, Li F, Li P, Yu H, He F, Zhang G, Wang Z, Ma X, Wang C. Comparison of cognitive performance in bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, unaffected first-degree relatives, and healthy controls. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 73:70-76. [PMID: 30393945 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The extent and specifics regarding cognitive dysfunction in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD) and their unaffected first-degree relatives (FDR) have not been addressed in any single study. The present study compared the cognitive function of patients with BD or MDD, their FDR, and healthy control (HC) individuals. METHODS The study population comprised adults (aged 18-55 years) with BD, adults with MDD, FDR (children or siblings of patients with BD or MDD), and HC (n = 105, 109, 85, and 95, respectively). The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status was used to assess neurocognitive functions, with five domains and 12 tests. A Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale brief form was applied to evaluate IQ. Status of mood was assessed using the Young Mania Rating Scale and the Hamilton Depression Scale. RESULTS The mixed model indicated significant variation among the four groups in cognitive function. Cognitive impairments, compared to HC, progressively greater from least to most were found in: FDR, MDD, and BD (F = 32.74, P < 0.001). Years of education correlated with cognitive performance (F = 17.04, P < 0.001), as did IQ (F = 240.63, P < 0.001). The total score for the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression negatively correlated with cognitive function (F = 5.78, P = 0.017). CONCLUSION Among the study groups, patients with BD had the most severe deficits, followed by MDD patients and FDR. Cognitive deficits could not be associated with a specific psychiatric disorder, but differences in degree were noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijing Bo
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Dong
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianbin Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiting Yu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fan He
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guofu Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ma
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanyue Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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25
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Banerjee N, Liu SK, Sinha VK, Jayaswal M, Desarkar P. Attention Deficits in a Comorbidity-Free Sample of Euthymic Pediatric Bipolar Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:148. [PMID: 30949082 PMCID: PMC6437072 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficits are considered one of the potential endophenotypic markers of Bipolar Disorder (BD). Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) likely has stronger genetic underpinnings than adult onset BD; therefore, demonstrating attention deficits in PBD can be both strategic and convincing in attesting their status as one of the potential endophenotypic markers of BD. However, unlike adult literature, uncertainty exists regarding the magnitude of attention deficits in PBD. In this regard, one key unresolved question is the potential impact of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The main goal of the study was to examine attention deficits in a comorbidity-free sample of euthymic PBD patients. Thirty (21 boys, 9 girls) remitted PBD patients without co-morbidity and thirty age (<17 years), sex, handedness, and Full-Scale IQ matched control subjects were compared on performance on attention tasks. Working memory (WM), which might potentially confound with the attention task performances, was also examined. Compared to controls, PBD patients performed poorly on various tests of attention, but not on any WM tasks. Further, it was found that observed attention deficits were independent of residual mood symptoms, medication effect or illness characteristics. Such attention deficits in this comorbidity-free PBD sample further endorses its status as an endophenotypic marker of bipolar disorders and establishes continuity with deficits found in adult bipolar patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shi-Kai Liu
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Meera Jayaswal
- Department of Psychology, Ranchi University, Ranchi, India
| | - Pushpal Desarkar
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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26
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Torrent C, Reinares M, Martinez-Arán A, Cabrera B, Amoretti S, Corripio I, Contreras F, Sarró S, González-Pinto A, Lobo A, Cuesta MJ, Sánchez-Torres A, Bergé D, Castro-Fornieles J, Moreno C, Bernardo M, Vieta E. Affective versus non-affective first episode psychoses: A longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2018; 238:297-304. [PMID: 29902733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess (1) whether there were clinical, neuropsychological and functional differences between and within affective and non-affective psychoses at baseline and two years-follow-up and (2) to explore clinical and neuropsychological predictors of psychosocial functioning in the whole sample. METHOD This is a subanalysis from a multicentre, naturalistic, longitudinal prospective study ('Phenotype-genotype and environmental interaction. Application of a predictive model in first psychotic episodes'). The sample consisted of 192 patients with a first psychotic episode (FEP): 142 with non-affective psychoses and 50 with affective psychoses. Student t-tests, paired t-tests, Pearson correlations, ANOVAs and regression analyses were performed. RESULTS At baseline, the groups differed in perseverative errors (WCST), Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS), family history of psychiatric disorder, negative (PANSS) and manic symptoms (YMRS). At two years follow-up, the groups differed in all the PANSS subscales and in depressive symptoms assessed by the MADRS. When the whole sample was considered, the regression model which best explained the estimated variance in functioning at follow-up (41%) was composed by PANSS total score and verbal fluency assessed by the FAS (COWAT). CONCLUSIONS We found clinical and neurocognitive differences at baseline which decreased in the follow-up. Reduced performances at baseline in executive functions in combination with symptom severity (PANSS) were predictors of FEP patients' poor functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Torrent
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Reinares
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A Martinez-Arán
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - B Cabrera
- Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Amoretti
- Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Corripio
- Department of Psychiatry, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-SANT PAU), Santa Creu and Sant Pau Hospital; Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Contreras
- Psychiatry Department, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Sarró
- FIDMAG Research Foundation Germanes Hospitalàries, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A González-Pinto
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Alava-Santiago, Vitoria, Spain
| | - A Lobo
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry. Universidad de Zaragoza. Instituto de Investigación Aragón, CIBERSAM, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M J Cuesta
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, IdiSNA
| | - A Sánchez-Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, IdiSNA
| | - D Bergé
- Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Autonomous University of Barcelona and CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Castro-Fornieles
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology. Institut Clínic of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Moreno
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM. Madrid, Spain
| | - M Bernardo
- Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Vieta
- Barcelona Bipolar Disorders Program, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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27
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Yep R, Soncin S, Brien DC, Coe BC, Marin A, Munoz DP. Using an emotional saccade task to characterize executive functioning and emotion processing in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder. Brain Cogn 2018; 124:1-13. [PMID: 29698907 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite distinct diagnostic criteria, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder (BD) share cognitive and emotion processing deficits that complicate diagnoses. The goal of this study was to use an emotional saccade task to characterize executive functioning and emotion processing in adult ADHD and BD. Participants (21 control, 20 ADHD, 20 BD) performed an interleaved pro/antisaccade task (look toward vs. look away from a visual target, respectively) in which the sex of emotional face stimuli acted as the cue to perform either the pro- or antisaccade. Both patient groups made more direction (erroneous prosaccades on antisaccade trials) and anticipatory (saccades made before cue processing) errors than controls. Controls exhibited lower microsaccade rates preceding correct anti- vs. prosaccade initiation, but this task-related modulation was absent in both patient groups. Regarding emotion processing, the ADHD group performed worse than controls on neutral face trials, while the BD group performed worse than controls on trials presenting faces of all valence. These findings support the role of fronto-striatal circuitry in mediating response inhibition deficits in both ADHD and BD, and suggest that such deficits are exacerbated in BD during emotion processing, presumably via dysregulated limbic system circuitry involving the anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Yep
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - Stephen Soncin
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Donald C Brien
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Brian C Coe
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Alina Marin
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Hotel Dieu Hospital, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas P Munoz
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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28
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Roberts G, Perry A, Lord A, Frankland A, Leung V, Holmes-Preston E, Levy F, Lenroot RK, Mitchell PB, Breakspear M. Structural dysconnectivity of key cognitive and emotional hubs in young people at high genetic risk for bipolar disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:413-421. [PMID: 27994220 PMCID: PMC5794888 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that psychiatric disorders are associated with disturbances in structural brain networks. Little is known, however, about brain networks in those at high risk (HR) of bipolar disorder (BD), with such disturbances carrying substantial predictive and etiological value. Whole-brain tractography was performed on diffusion-weighted images acquired from 84 unaffected HR individuals with at least one first-degree relative with BD, 38 young patients with BD and 96 matched controls (CNs) with no family history of mental illness. We studied structural connectivity differences between these groups, with a focus on highly connected hubs and networks involving emotional centres. HR participants showed lower structural connectivity in two lateralised sub-networks centred on bilateral inferior frontal gyri and left insular cortex, as well as increased connectivity in a right lateralised limbic sub-network compared with CN subjects. BD was associated with weaker connectivity in a small right-sided sub-network involving connections between fronto-temporal and temporal areas. Although these sub-networks preferentially involved structural hubs, the integrity of the highly connected structural backbone was preserved in both groups. Weaker structural brain networks involving key emotional centres occur in young people at genetic risk of BD and those with established BD. In contrast to other psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, the structural core of the brain remains intact, despite the local involvement of network hubs. These results add to our understanding of the neurobiological correlates of BD and provide predictions for outcomes in young people at high genetic risk for BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roberts
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia,Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - A Perry
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia,Program of Mental Health Research, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,Metro North Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - A Lord
- Program of Mental Health Research, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A Frankland
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia,Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - V Leung
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia,Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - E Holmes-Preston
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia,Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - F Levy
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia,Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - R K Lenroot
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia,Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - P B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, Australia,Black Dog Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia,Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - M Breakspear
- Program of Mental Health Research, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,Metro North Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia,Systems Neuroscience Group, QIMR Berghofer Institute of Medical Research, 300 Herston Road, Herston, QLD, Australia. E-mail:
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29
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Jongman SR. Sustained Attention Ability Affects Simple Picture Naming. COLLABRA-PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1525/collabra.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Sustained attention has previously been shown as a requirement for language production. However, this is mostly evident for difficult conditions, such as a dual-task situation. The current study provides corroborating evidence that this relationship holds even for simple picture naming. Sustained attention ability, indexed both by participants’ reaction times and individuals’ hit rate (the proportion of correctly detected targets) on a digit discrimination task, correlated with picture naming latencies. Individuals with poor sustained attention were consistently slower and their RT distributions were more positively skewed when naming pictures compared to individuals with better sustained attention. Additionally, the need to sustain attention was manipulated by changing the speed of stimulus presentation. Research has suggested that fast event rates tax sustained attention resources to a larger degree than slow event rates. However, in this study the fast event rate did not result in increased difficulty, neither for the picture naming task nor for the sustained attention task. Instead, the results point to a speed-accuracy trade-off in the sustained attention task (lower accuracy but faster responses in the fast than in the slow event rate), and to a benefit for faster rates in the picture naming task (shorter naming latencies with no difference in accuracy). Performance on both tasks was largely comparable, supporting previous findings that sustained attention is called upon during language production.
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30
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Chung YS, Hyatt CJ, Stevens MC. Adolescent maturation of the relationship between cortical gyrification and cognitive ability. Neuroimage 2017; 158:319-331. [PMID: 28676299 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
There are changes to the degree of cortical folding from gestation through adolescence into young adulthood. Recent evidence suggests that degree of cortical folding is linked to individual differences in general cognitive ability in healthy adults. However, it is not yet known whether age-related cortical folding changes are related to maturation of specific cognitive abilities in adolescence. To address this, we examined the relationship between frontoparietal cortical folding as measured by a Freesurfer-derived local gyrification index (lGI) and performance on subtests from the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence and scores from Conner's Continuous Performance Test-II in 241 healthy adolescents (ages 12-25 years). We hypothesized that age-related lGI changes in the frontoparietal cortex would contribute to cognitive development. A secondary goal was to explore if any gyrification-cognition relationships were either test-specific or sex-specific. Consistent with previous studies, our results showed a reduction of frontoparietal local gyrification with age. Also, as predicted, all cognitive test scores (i.e., Vocabulary, Matrix Reasoning, the CPT-II Commission, Omission, Variabiltiy, d') showed age × cognitive ability interaction effects in frontoparietal and temporoparietal brain regions. Mediation analyses confirmed a causal role of age-related cortical folding changes only for CPT-II Commission errors. Taken together, the results support the functional significance of cortical folding, as well as provide the first evidence that cortical folding maturational changes play a role in cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun Chung
- Clinical Neuroscience and Development Laboratory, Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, 200 Retreat Avenue, Whitehall Building, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Christopher J Hyatt
- Clinical Neuroscience and Development Laboratory, Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, 200 Retreat Avenue, Whitehall Building, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT 06106, USA
| | - Michael C Stevens
- Clinical Neuroscience and Development Laboratory, Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, 200 Retreat Avenue, Whitehall Building, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT 06106, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 George St., Suite 901, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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Fortenbaugh FC, DeGutis J, Esterman M. Recent theoretical, neural, and clinical advances in sustained attention research. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1396:70-91. [PMID: 28260249 PMCID: PMC5522184 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Models of attention often distinguish among attention subtypes, with classic models separating orienting, switching, and sustaining functions. Compared with other forms of attention, the neurophysiological basis of sustaining attention has received far less notice, yet it is known that momentary failures of sustained attention can have far-ranging negative effects in healthy individuals, and lasting sustained attention deficits are pervasive in clinical populations. In recent years, however, there has been increased interest in characterizing moment-to-moment fluctuations in sustained attention, in addition to the overall vigilance decrement, and understanding how these neurocognitive systems change over the life span and across various clinical populations. The use of novel neuroimaging paradigms and statistical approaches has allowed for better characterization of the neural networks supporting sustained attention and has highlighted dynamic interactions within and across multiple distributed networks that predict behavioral performance. These advances have also provided potential biomarkers to identify individuals with sustained attention deficits. These findings have led to new theoretical models explaining why sustaining focused attention is a challenge for individuals and form the basis for the next generation of sustained attention research, which seeks to accurately diagnose and develop theoretically driven treatments for sustained attention deficits that affect a variety of clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca C. Fortenbaugh
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center, VA Boston Healthcare System
- Boston Attention & Learning Laboratory, VA Boston Healthcare System
- Geriatric Research, Education, & Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
| | - Joseph DeGutis
- Boston Attention & Learning Laboratory, VA Boston Healthcare System
- Geriatric Research, Education, & Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
| | - Michael Esterman
- Neuroimaging Research for Veterans (NeRVe) Center, VA Boston Healthcare System
- Boston Attention & Learning Laboratory, VA Boston Healthcare System
- Geriatric Research, Education, & Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Boston Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine
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Murray G, Leitan ND, Thomas N, Michalak EE, Johnson SL, Jones S, Perich T, Berk L, Berk M. Towards recovery-oriented psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder: Quality of life outcomes, stage-sensitive treatments, and mindfulness mechanisms. Clin Psychol Rev 2017; 52:148-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Miskowiak KW, Kjærstad HL, Meluken I, Petersen JZ, Maciel BR, Köhler CA, Vinberg M, Kessing LV, Carvalho AF. The search for neuroimaging and cognitive endophenotypes: A critical systematic review of studies involving unaffected first-degree relatives of individuals with bipolar disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 73:1-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bostock ECS, Kirkby KC, Garry MI, Taylor BVM. Systematic Review of Cognitive Function in Euthymic Bipolar Disorder and Pre-Surgical Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:133. [PMID: 28848456 PMCID: PMC5552675 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder (BD) and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) overlap in domains including epidemiology, treatment response, shared neurotransmitter involvement and temporal lobe pathology. Comparison of cognitive function in both disorders may indicate temporal lobe mediated processes relevant to BD. This systematic review examines neuropsychological test profiles in euthymic bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) and pre-surgical TLE and compares experimental designs used. METHODS A search of PubMed, PsychINFO, and Scopus using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was conducted. Inclusion criteria were comparison group or pre- to post-surgical patients; reported neuropsychological tests; participants aged 18-60 years. Fifty six studies met criteria: 27 BD-I; 29 TLE. RESULTS Deficits in BD-I compared to healthy controls (HC) were in executive function, attention span and verbal memory. Deficits in TLE compared to HC were in executive function and memory. In the pre- to post-surgical comparisons, verbal memory in left temporal lobe (LTL) and, less consistently, visuospatial memory in right temporal lobe (RTL) epilepsy declined following surgery. BD-I studies used comprehensive test batteries in well-defined euthymic patients compared to matched HC groups. TLE studies used convenience samples pre- to post-surgery, comparing LTL and RTL subgroups, few included comparisons to HC (5 studies). TLE studies typically examined a narrow range of known temporal lobe-mediated neuropsychological functions, particularly verbal and visuospatial memory. CONCLUSION Both disorders exhibit deficits in executive function and verbal memory suggestive of both frontal and temporal lobe involvement. However, deficits in TLE are measured pre- to post-surgery and not controlled at baseline pre-surgery. Further research involving a head-to-head comparison of the two disorders on a broad range of neuropsychological tests is needed to clarify the nature and extent of cognitive deficits and potential overlaps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenneth C Kirkby
- Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Michael I Garry
- Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Bruce V M Taylor
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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Laidi C, Houenou J. Brain functional effects of psychopharmacological treatments in bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:1695-1740. [PMID: 27617780 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have contributed to the understanding of bipolar disorder. However the effect of medication on brain activation remains poorly understood. We conducted an extensive literature review on PubMed and ScienceDirect to investigate the influence of medication in fMRI studies, including both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies, which aimed at assessing this influence. Although we reported all reviewed studies, we gave greater emphasis to studies with the most robust methodology. One hundred and forty studies matched our inclusion criteria and forty-seven studies demonstrated an effect of pharmacological treatment on fMRI blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal in adults and children with bipolar disorder. Out of these studies, nineteen were longitudinal. Most of cross-sectional studies suffered from methodological bias, due to post-hoc analyses performed on a limited number of patients and did not find any effect of medication. However, both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies showing an impact of treatment tend to suggest that medication prescribed to patients with bipolar disorder mostly influenced brain activation in prefrontal regions, when measured by tasks involving emotional regulation and processing as well as non-emotional cognitive tasks. FMRI promises to elucidate potential new biomarkers in bipolar disorder and could be used to evaluate the effect of new therapeutic compounds. Further research is needed to disentangle the effect of medication and the influence of the changes in mood state on brain activation in patients with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Laidi
- APHP, Mondor University Hospitals, DHU PePsy, Psychiatry Department, Créteil, France; INSERM, U955, IMRB, Translational Psychiatry, Créteil, France; Faculté de médecine de Créteil, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, NeuroSpin, I2BM, CEA Saclay, Gif Sur Yvette, Cedex, France.
| | - Josselin Houenou
- APHP, Mondor University Hospitals, DHU PePsy, Psychiatry Department, Créteil, France; INSERM, U955, IMRB, Translational Psychiatry, Créteil, France; Faculté de médecine de Créteil, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, NeuroSpin, I2BM, CEA Saclay, Gif Sur Yvette, Cedex, France
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Alonso-Lana S, Valentí M, Romaguera A, Sarri C, Sarró S, Rodríguez-Martínez A, Goikolea JM, Amann BL, Maristany T, Salvador R, Vieta E, McKenna PJ, Pomarol-Clotet E. Brain functional changes in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder: evidence for default mode network dysfunction. Psychol Med 2016; 46:2513-2521. [PMID: 27334766 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716001148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Relatively few studies have investigated whether relatives of patients with bipolar disorder show brain functional changes, and these have focused on activation changes. Failure of de-activation during cognitive task performance is also seen in the disorder and may have trait-like characteristics since it has been found in euthymia. METHOD A total of 20 euthymic patients with bipolar disorder, 20 of their unaffected siblings and 40 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance of the n-back working memory task. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was fitted to individual whole-brain maps from each set of patient-relative-matched pair of controls. Clusters of significant difference among the groups were used as regions of interest to compare mean activations/de-activations between them. RESULTS A single cluster of significant difference among the three groups was found in the whole-brain ANOVA. This was located in the medial prefrontal cortex, a region of task-related de-activation in the healthy controls. Both the patients and their siblings showed significantly reduced de-activation compared with the healthy controls in this region, but the failure was less marked in the relatives. CONCLUSIONS Failure to de-activate the medial prefrontal cortex in both euthymic bipolar patients and their unaffected siblings adds to evidence for default mode network dysfunction in the disorder, and suggests that it may act as a trait marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alonso-Lana
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation,Barcelona,Spain
| | - M Valentí
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic,University of Barcelona,IDIBAPS,Barcelona,Spain
| | - A Romaguera
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation,Barcelona,Spain
| | - C Sarri
- Benito Menni Complex Assistencial en Salut Mental,Barcelona,Spain
| | - S Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation,Barcelona,Spain
| | | | - J M Goikolea
- Bipolar Disorder Program, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic,University of Barcelona,IDIBAPS,Barcelona,Spain
| | - B L Amann
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation,Barcelona,Spain
| | - T Maristany
- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Infantil,Barcelona,Spain
| | - R Salvador
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation,Barcelona,Spain
| | - E Vieta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM),Madrid,Spain
| | - P J McKenna
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation,Barcelona,Spain
| | - E Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation,Barcelona,Spain
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Volkert J, Haubner J, Kazmaier J, Glaser F, Kopf J, Kittel-Schneider S, Reif A. Cognitive deficits in first-degree relatives of bipolar patients: the use of homogeneous subgroups in the search of cognitive endophenotypes. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:1001-11. [PMID: 27273092 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated impairments in attention, memory and executive functions in euthymic bipolar patients (BP) as well as their unaffected first-degree relatives, albeit in an attenuated form. Subsequently, cognitive deficits are discussed as a possible endophenotype of bipolar disorder. However, recent studies showed that only a subgroup of BP shows cognitive impairments. The aim of the present study was to investigate cognitive functioning in relatives compared to BP, to find out if the differentiation in a cognitive deficit vs. non-deficit subgroup is valid for relatives of BP, too. Therefore, the performance of 27 unaffected relatives of BP, 27 euthymic BP and 27 HC were compared using a neuropsychological test battery. The results showed that BP exhibited a reduced psychomotor speed and deficits in working memory compared to relatives and HC. Relatives performed significantly slower (psychomotor speed) as compared to HC (p = 0.024); performance in the other test measures lie between BP and HC. Furthermore, a detailed evaluation of the data indicated that only subgroups of BP and relatives exhibited cognitive impairments in the implemented tests. However, the deficit and non-deficit groups did not differ in sociodemographic and clinical variables from each other, possibly due to the small sample size. In conclusion, our results suggest that reduced psychomotor speed could serve as a potential endophenotype for bipolar disorder which should be investigated along the developmental trajectory of this disorder, also to examine whether abnormalities therein precede onset of the first mood episode. Furthermore, the division of relatives into subgroups aids in the identification of stable trait markers and high-risk bipolar groups and could enable early prevention strategies. As to that more research using distinct and homogeneous subgroups is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Volkert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - J Haubner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Fuechsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Kazmaier
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Fuechsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - F Glaser
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Fuechsleinstrasse 15, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Kopf
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe-University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Straße 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Gvirts H, Braw Y, Harari H, Lozin M, Bloch Y, Fefer K, Levkovitz Y. Executive dysfunction in bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2015; 30:959-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveThe boundary between bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder is a controversial one. Despite the importance of the topic, few studies have directly compared these patient groups. The aim of the study was to compare the executive functioning profile of BD and BPD patients.MethodExecutive functioning (sustained attention, problem-solving, planning, strategy formation, cognitive flexibility and working memory) was assessed in BD (n= 30) and BPD outpatients (n= 32) using a computerized assessment battery (Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery, CANTAB). The groups were compared to one another as well as to healthy controls.ResultsBD patients showed deficits in strategy formation and in planning (indicated by longer execution time in the ToL task) in comparison to BPD patients and healthy controls. BPD patients showed deficits in planning (short deliberation time in the ToL task) in comparison to BD patients and in comparison to healthy controls. In comparison to healthy controls, BPD patients displayed deficits in problem-solving.ConclusionsDifferences in executive dysfunction between BD and BPD patients suggest that this cognitive dimension may be relevant for the clarification of the boundary between the disorders.
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Gallagher P, Nilsson J, Finkelmeyer A, Goshawk M, Macritchie KA, Lloyd AJ, Thompson JM, Porter RJ, Young AH, Ferrier IN, McAllister-Williams RH, Watson S. Neurocognitive intra-individual variability in mood disorders: effects on attentional response time distributions. Psychol Med 2015; 45:2985-2997. [PMID: 26073667 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291715000926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attentional impairment is a core cognitive feature of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). However, little is known of the characteristics of response time (RT) distributions from attentional tasks. This is crucial to furthering our understanding of the profile and extent of cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) in mood disorders. METHOD A computerized sustained attention task was administered to 138 healthy controls and 158 patients with a mood disorder: 86 euthymic BD, 33 depressed BD and 39 medication-free MDD patients. Measures of IIV, including individual standard deviation (iSD) and coefficient of variation (CoV), were derived for each participant. Ex-Gaussian (and Vincentile) analyses were used to characterize the RT distributions into three components: mu and sigma (mean and standard deviation of the Gaussian portion of the distribution) and tau (the 'slow tail' of the distribution). RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, iSD was increased significantly in all patient samples. Due to minimal changes in average RT, CoV was only increased significantly in BD depressed patients. Ex-Gaussian modelling indicated a significant increase in tau in euthymic BD [Cohen's d = 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09-0.69, p = 0.011], and both sigma (d = 0.57, 95% CI 0.07-1.05, p = 0.025) and tau (d = 1.14, 95% CI 0.60-1.64, p < 0.0001) in depressed BD. The mu parameter did not differ from controls. CONCLUSIONS Increased cognitive variability may be a core feature of mood disorders. This is the first demonstration of differences in attentional RT distribution parameters between MDD and BD, and BD depression and euthymia. These data highlight the utility of applying measures of IIV to characterize neurocognitive variability and the great potential for future application.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne,UK
| | - J Nilsson
- Institute of Neuroscience,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne,UK
| | - A Finkelmeyer
- Institute of Neuroscience,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne,UK
| | - M Goshawk
- Institute of Neuroscience,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne,UK
| | - K A Macritchie
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust,London,UK
| | - A J Lloyd
- Institute of Neuroscience,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne,UK
| | - J M Thompson
- Institute of Neuroscience,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne,UK
| | - R J Porter
- Department of Psychological Medicine,University of Otago,Christchurch,New Zealand
| | - A H Young
- King's College London,Institute of Psychiatry,Psychology and Neurosciences,London,UK
| | - I N Ferrier
- Institute of Neuroscience,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne,UK
| | | | - S Watson
- Institute of Neuroscience,Newcastle University,Newcastle upon Tyne,UK
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Impaired conflict resolution and vigilance in euthymic bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:490-6. [PMID: 26144587 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Difficulty attending is a common deficit of euthymic bipolar patients. However, it is not known whether this is a global attentional deficit or relates to a specific attentional network. According to the attention network approach, attention is best understood in terms of three functionally and neuroanatomically distinct networks-alerting, orienting, and executive control. In this study, we explored whether and which of the three attentional networks are altered in euthymic Bipolar Disorder (BD). A sample of euthymic BD patients and age-matched healthy controls completed the Attention Network Test for Interactions and Vigilance (ANTI-V) that provided not only a measure of orienting, executive, and alerting networks, but also an independent measure of vigilance (tonic alerting). Compared to healthy controls, BD patients have impaired executive control (greater interference), reduced vigilance (as indexed by a decrease in the d' sensitivity) as well as slower overall reaction times and poorer accuracy. Our results show that deficits in executive attention and sustained attention often persist in BD patients even after complete remission of affective symptoms, thus suggesting that cognitive enhancing treatments programmed to improve these deficits could contribute to improve their functional recovery.
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The Role of Sustained Attention in the Production of Conjoined Noun Phrases: An Individual Differences Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137557. [PMID: 26335441 PMCID: PMC4559420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It has previously been shown that language production, performed simultaneously with a nonlinguistic task, involves sustained attention. Sustained attention concerns the ability to maintain alertness over time. Here, we aimed to replicate the previous finding by showing that individuals call upon sustained attention when they plan single noun phrases (e.g., "the carrot") and perform a manual arrow categorization task. In addition, we investigated whether speakers also recruit sustained attention when they produce conjoined noun phrases (e.g., "the carrot and the bucket") describing two pictures, that is, when both the first and second task are linguistic. We found that sustained attention correlated with the proportion of abnormally slow phrase-production responses. Individuals with poor sustained attention displayed a greater number of very slow responses than individuals with better sustained attention. Importantly, this relationship was obtained both for the production of single phrases while performing a nonlinguistic manual task, and the production of noun phrase conjunctions in referring to two spatially separated objects. Inhibition and updating abilities were also measured. These scores did not correlate with our measure of sustained attention, suggesting that sustained attention and executive control are distinct. Overall, the results suggest that planning conjoined noun phrases involves sustained attention, and that language production happens less automatically than has often been assumed.
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Ajilore O, Vizueta N, Walshaw P, Zhan L, Leow A, Altshuler LL. Connectome signatures of neurocognitive abnormalities in euthymic bipolar I disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 68:37-44. [PMID: 26228398 PMCID: PMC4522047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Connectomics have allowed researchers to study integrative patterns of neural connectivity in humans. Yet, it is unclear how connectomics may elucidate structure-function relationships in bipolar I disorder (BPI). Expanding on our previous structural connectome study, here we used an overlapping sample with additional psychometric and fMRI data to relate structural connectome properties to both fMRI signals and cognitive performance. METHODS 42 subjects completed a neuropsychological (NP) battery covering domains of processing speed, verbal memory, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. 32 subjects also had fMRI data performing a Go/NoGo task. RESULTS Bipolar participants had lower NP performance across all domains, but only working memory reached statistical significance. In BPI participants, processing speed was significantly associated with both white matter integrity (WMI) in the corpus callosum and interhemispheric network integration. Mediation models further revealed that the relationship between interhemispheric integration and processing speed was mediated by WMI, and processing speed mediated the relationship between WMI and working memory. Bipolar subjects had significantly decreased BA47 activation during NoGo vs. Go. Significant predictors of BA47 fMRI activations during the Go/NoGo task were its nodal path length (left hemisphere) and its nodal clustering coefficient (right hemisphere). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that structural connectome changes underlie abnormalities in fMRI activation and cognitive performance in euthymic BPI subjects. Results support that BA47 structural connectome changes may be a trait marker for BPI. Future studies are needed to determine if these "connectome signatures" may also confer a biological risk and/or serve as predictors of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Ajilore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois, College of Medicine
| | - Nathalie Vizueta
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior
| | - Patricia Walshaw
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior
| | - Liang Zhan
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Alex Leow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, United States.
| | - Lori L. Altshuler
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior
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Piguet C, Fodoulian L, Aubry JM, Vuilleumier P, Houenou J. Bipolar disorder: Functional neuroimaging markers in relatives. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 57:284-96. [PMID: 26321590 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neural models of anatomical and functional alterations have been proposed for bipolar disorders (BD). However, studies in affected patients do not allow disentangling alterations linked to the liability to BD from those associated with the evolution, medication and comorbidities of BD. Explorations in high risk subjects allow the study of these risk markers. We reported and summarized all functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies focusing on first-degree relatives of BD patients. We found 29 studies reporting neural correlates of working memory (WM), emotional processing, executive functions and resting state in relatives of BD patients, compared to healthy subjects. Overall, the same regions that have been involved in patients, such as the inferior frontal gyrus and limbic areas, seem to be functionally altered in high-risk subjects. We conclude that the same brain regions already implicated in the pathophysiology of the disease such as the amygdala are also associated with the risk of BD. However longitudinal studies are required to understand their implication in the transition to BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Piguet
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland.
| | - Leon Fodoulian
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Michel Aubry
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Vuilleumier
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Geneva University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - Josselin Houenou
- NeuroSpin Neuroimaging Center, UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, CEA Saclay, France; INSERM U955 Team 15 "Translational Psychiatry", Université Paris Est, APHP, CHU Mondor, DHU PePsy, Pôle de Psychiatrie, Créteil, France; FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
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Sepede G, De Berardis D, Campanella D, Perrucci MG, Ferretti A, Salerno RM, Di Giannantonio M, Romani GL, Gambi F. Neural correlates of negative emotion processing in bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 60:1-10. [PMID: 25661850 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bipolar disorder type I (BD-I) is characterized by a severe impairment in emotional processing during both acute and euthymic phases of the illness. The aim of the present study was to investigate negative emotion processing in both euthymic patients and non-affected first-degree relatives, looking for state and trait markers of BD-I. METHODS 22 healthy relatives of BD-I patients (mean age 31.5±7.3 years; 15 females), 23 euthymic BD-I patients (mean age 35.2±7.9 years; 14 females), and 24 matched controls (mean age 32.5±6.2 years; 16 females) performed an IAPS-based emotional task during 1.5T fMRI. They were required to identify vegetable items (targets) inside neutral or negative pictures. RESULTS Euthymic BD-I patients showed a significant reduced accuracy in target detection during both neutral and negative images presentation, whereas first-degree relatives performed similarly to normal comparisons. We found a reduced activation of Left precuneus during negative images condition in the patients only. By contrast, both patients and relatives hyperactivated the Left insula and hypoactivated the Right supramarginal gyrus with respect to controls. Moreover, relatives showed an increased activation of Right lingual gyrus and lower activation of pre-supplementary motor area and Right superior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS During a negative emotion task, euthymic BD-I patients and non-affected first-degree relatives shared an abnormal activation of a limbic area (Left insula) coupled with a reduced activation of a parietal region (Right supramarginal gyrus), thus suggesting a trait-like anomalous processing of affective contents. On the other hand, functional abnormalities found only in unaffected relatives and not in patients and controls may correspond to resilience factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Sepede
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University "A. Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | | | | | - Mauro Gianni Perrucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy; ITAB - Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Antonio Ferretti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy; ITAB - Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Bioengineering Unit, IRCCS NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Salerno
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy; National Health Trust, Department of Mental Health, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gian Luca Romani
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy; ITAB - Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Francesco Gambi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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Jongman SR, Roelofs A, Meyer AS. Sustained attention in language production: An individual differences investigation. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2015; 68:710-30. [PMID: 25214187 DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2014.964736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Whereas it has long been assumed that most linguistic processes underlying language production happen automatically, accumulating evidence suggests that these processes do require some form of attention. Here we investigated the contribution of sustained attention: the ability to maintain alertness over time. In Experiment 1, participants’ sustained attention ability was measured using auditory and visual continuous performance tasks. Subsequently, employing a dual-task procedure, participants described pictures using simple noun phrases and performed an arrow-discrimination task while their vocal and manual response times (RTs) and the durations of their gazes to the pictures were measured. Earlier research has demonstrated that gaze duration reflects language planning processes up to and including phonological encoding. The speakers’ sustained attention ability correlated with the magnitude of the tail of the vocal RT distribution, reflecting the proportion of very slow responses, but not with individual differences in gaze duration. This suggests that sustained attention was most important after phonological encoding. Experiment 2 showed that the involvement of sustained attention was significantly stronger in a dual-task situation (picture naming and arrow discrimination) than in simple naming. Thus, individual differences in maintaining attention on the production processes become especially apparent when a simultaneous second task also requires attentional resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne R. Jongman
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- International Max Planck Research School for Language Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ardi Roelofs
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Antje S. Meyer
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Sepede G, Gambi F, Di Giannantonio M. Insular Dysfunction in People at Risk for Psychotic Disorders. AIMS Neurosci 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2015.2.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Sepede G, Spano MC, Lorusso M, Berardis DD, Salerno RM, Giannantonio MD, Gambi F. Sustained attention in psychosis: Neuroimaging findings. World J Radiol 2014; 6:261-273. [PMID: 24976929 PMCID: PMC4072813 DOI: 10.4329/wjr.v6.i6.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To provide a systematic review of scientific literature on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies on sustained attention in psychosis. We searched PubMed to identify fMRI studies pertaining sustained attention in both affective and non-affective psychosis. Only studies conducted on adult patients using a sustained attention task during fMRI scanning were included in the final review. The search was conducted on September 10th, 2013. 15 fMRI studies met our inclusion criteria: 12 studies were focused on Schizophrenia and 3 on Bipolar Disorder Type I (BDI). Only half of the Schizophrenia studies and two of the BDI studies reported behavioral abnormalities, but all of them evidenced significant functional differences in brain regions related to the sustained attention system. Altered functioning of the insula was found in both Schizophrenia and BDI, and therefore proposed as a candidate trait marker for psychosis in general. On the other hand, other brain regions were differently impaired in affective and non-affective psychosis: alterations of cingulate cortex and thalamus seemed to be more common in Schizophrenia and amygdala dysfunctions in BDI. Neural correlates of sustained attention seem to be of great interest in the study of psychosis, highlighting differences and similarities between Schizophrenia and BDI.
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Lan MJ, Chhetry BT, Oquendo MA, Sublette ME, Sullivan G, Mann JJ, Parsey RV. Cortical thickness differences between bipolar depression and major depressive disorder. Bipolar Disord 2014; 16:378-88. [PMID: 24428430 PMCID: PMC4047134 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bipolar disorder (BD) is a psychiatric disorder with high morbidity and mortality that cannot be distinguished from major depressive disorder (MDD) until the first manic episode. A biomarker able to differentiate BD and MDD could help clinicians avoid risks of treating BD with antidepressants without mood stabilizers. METHODS Cortical thickness differences were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging in BD depressed patients (n = 18), MDD depressed patients (n = 56), and healthy volunteers (HVs) (n = 54). A general linear model identified clusters of cortical thickness difference between diagnostic groups. RESULTS Compared to the HV group, the BD group had decreased cortical thickness in six regions, after controlling for age and sex, located within the frontal and parietal lobes, and the posterior cingulate cortex. Mean cortical thickness changes in clusters ranged from 7.6 to 9.6% (cluster-wise p-values from 1.0 e-4 to 0.037). When compared to MDD, three clusters of lower cortical thickness in BD were identified that overlapped with clusters that differentiated the BD and HV groups. Mean cortical thickness changes in the clusters ranged from 7.5 to 8.2% (cluster-wise p-values from 1.0 e-4 to 0.023). The difference in cortical thickness was more pronounced when the subgroup of subjects with bipolar I disorder (BD-I) was compared to the MDD group. CONCLUSIONS Cortical thickness patterns were distinct between BD and MDD. These results are a step toward developing an imaging test to differentiate the two disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Lan
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Binod Thapa Chhetry
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Maria A Oquendo
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - M Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - Gregory Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY,Department of Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Ramin V Parsey
- Presently at Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Sciences and Department of Radiology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Abstract
Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) may exhibit attentional deficits, however, the extent of impairment and long-term fluctuations in performance in attention are relatively unknown. We investigated the relationship between sustained attention and affective symptoms over time among BD patients. We also examined whether global differences in attentional capacity differed among BD versus normal comparison (NC) subjects. Participants included 106 outpatients with BD and 66 NC subjects who were administered symptom rating scales and a measure of sustained attention (Continuous Performance Test- Identical Pairs). Measures were repeated 6, 12, and 26 weeks post-baseline. Compared to NC subjects, participants with BD showed impairment in sustained attention across time. Within patient increases in manic symptoms were associated with increased false alarms; both manic and depressive symptoms were associated with worse discrimination. Neither manic nor depressive symptoms were related to hit rates. Our results indicate that the ability to inhibit a response to near miss stimuli (i.e., those that are close to but not identical to the target) is globally impaired among BD patients relative to NC subjects, as well as state-dependent, covarying with affective symptoms. Psychosocial interventions requiring high levels of attentional capacity may need to be adapted according to patients' current symptomatology.
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Heissler J, Kanske P, Schönfelder S, Wessa M. Inefficiency of emotion regulation as vulnerability marker for bipolar disorder: evidence from healthy individuals with hypomanic personality. J Affect Disord 2014; 152-154:83-90. [PMID: 23948633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emotion regulation deficits are a key characteristic of bipolar disorder (BD). In the present study, we asked if deficits in emotion regulation are also a vulnerability marker for BD. To this end, we investigated a healthy group of participants at high-risk for developing BD, defined on the basis of a hypomanic personality trait. We examined the neural correlates of two emotion regulation strategies, reappraisal and distraction. METHOD Twenty-two individuals with higher risk for BD and twenty-four controls were investigated in a functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm. Participants were presented with negative, positive and neutral pictures and were either required to passively view the images, to down-regulate the emotional response by reappraising the pictures' content, or to perform a distracting arithmetic task. RESULTS High-risk individuals showed increased emotional reactivity to negative stimuli, indicated by heightened amygdala activation during passive viewing. High-risk participants were also less successful in down-regulating amygdala activity using reappraisal of negative stimuli. During distraction from positive stimuli, high-risk individuals showed heightened task-related activity in the inferior parietal cortex, suggesting increased distractibility by task-irrelevant positive background stimuli. There were no differences in habitual emotion regulation as assessed by a self-report questionnaire. LIMITATIONS Generalizability of the present results is limited by the age- and education-homogenous sample and the small sample size. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to report neural correlates of increased emotional reactivity and deficient emotion regulation in healthy individuals at risk for BD. These findings suggest inefficient emotion regulation through reappraisal and distraction in individuals with high hypomanic personality who are supposed to be at higher risk to develop bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Heissler
- Center for Doctoral Studies in Social and Behavioral Sciences, Graduate School of Economic and Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Germany
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