1
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Castel J, Li G, Onimus O, Leishman E, Cani PD, Bradshaw H, Mackie K, Everard A, Luquet S, Gangarossa G. NAPE-PLD in the ventral tegmental area regulates reward events, feeding and energy homeostasis. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1478-1490. [PMID: 38361126 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) catalyzes the production of N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), a family of endogenous bioactive lipids, which are involved in various biological processes ranging from neuronal functions to energy homeostasis and feeding behaviors. Reward-dependent behaviors depend on dopamine (DA) transmission between the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which conveys reward-values and scales reinforced behaviors. However, whether and how NAPE-PLD may contribute to the regulation of feeding and reward-dependent behaviors has not yet been investigated. This biological question is of paramount importance since NAEs are altered in obesity and metabolic disorders. Here, we show that transcriptomic meta-analysis highlights a potential role for NAPE-PLD within the VTA→NAc circuit. Using brain-specific invalidation approaches, we report that the integrity of NAPE-PLD is required for the proper homeostasis of NAEs within the midbrain VTA and it affects food-reward behaviors. Moreover, region-specific knock-down of NAPE-PLD in the VTA enhanced food-reward seeking and reinforced behaviors, which were associated with increased in vivo DA release dynamics in response to both food- and non-food-related rewards together with heightened tropism towards food consumption. Furthermore, midbrain knock-down of NAPE-PLD, which increased energy expenditure and adapted nutrient partitioning, elicited a relative protection against high-fat diet-mediated body fat gain and obesity-associated metabolic features. In conclusion, these findings reveal a new key role of VTA NAPE-PLD in shaping DA-dependent events, feeding behaviors and energy homeostasis, thus providing new insights on the regulation of body metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Castel
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Guangping Li
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Oriane Onimus
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Emma Leishman
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heather Bradshaw
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Ken Mackie
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Amandine Everard
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013, Paris, France
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO-Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology, WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Serge Luquet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Giuseppe Gangarossa
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013, Paris, France.
- Institut universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
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2
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Chester LA, Englund A, Chesney E, Oliver D, Wilson J, Sovi S, Dickens AM, Oresic M, Linderman T, Hodsoll J, Minichino A, Strang J, Murray RM, Freeman TP, McGuire P. Effects of Cannabidiol and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Plasma Endocannabinoid Levels in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized Double-Blind Four-Arm Crossover Study. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:188-198. [PMID: 36493386 PMCID: PMC10874814 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The effects of cannabis are thought to be mediated by interactions between its constituents and the endocannabinoid system. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) binds to central cannabinoid receptors, while cannabidiol (CBD) may influence endocannabinoid function without directly acting on cannabinoid receptors. We examined the effects of THC coadministered with different doses of CBD on plasma levels of endocannabinoids in healthy volunteers. Methods: In a randomized, double-blind, four-arm crossover study, healthy volunteers (n=46) inhaled cannabis vapor containing 10 mg THC plus either 0, 10, 20, or 30 mg CBD, in four experimental sessions. The median time between sessions was 14 days (IQR=20). Blood samples were taken precannabis inhalation and at 0-, 5-, 15-, and 90-min postinhalation. Plasma concentrations of THC, CBD, anandamide, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and related noncannabinoid lipids were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Administration of cannabis induced acute increases in plasma concentrations of anandamide (+18.0%, 0.042 ng/mL [95%CI: 0.023-0.062]), and the noncannabinoid ethanolamides, docosatetraenylethanolamide (DEA; +35.8%, 0.012 ng/mL [95%CI: 0.008-0.016]), oleoylethanolamide (+16.1%, 0.184 ng/mL [95%CI: 0.076-0.293]), and N-arachidonoyl-L-serine (+25.1%, 0.011 ng/mL [95%CI: 0.004-0.017]) (p<0.05). CBD had no significant effect on the plasma concentration of anandamide, 2-AG or related noncannabinoid lipids at any of three doses used. Over the four sessions, there were progressive decreases in the preinhalation concentrations of anandamide and DEA, from 0.254 ng/mL [95%CI: 0.223-0.286] to 0.194 ng/mL [95%CI: 0.163-0.226], and from 0.039 ng/mL [95%CI: 0.032-0.045] to 0.027 ng/mL [95%CI: 0.020-0.034] (p<0.05), respectively. Discussion: THC induced acute increases in plasma levels of anandamide and noncannabinoid ethanolamides, but there was no evidence that these effects were influenced by the coadministration of CBD. It is possible that such effects may be evident with higher doses of CBD or after chronic administration. The progressive reduction in pretreatment anandamide and DEA levels across sessions may be related to repeated exposure to THC or participants becoming less anxious about the testing procedure and requires further investigation. The study was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05170217).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A. Chester
- Department of Psychosis Studies and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amir Englund
- National Addiction Centre (NAC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Chesney
- Department of Psychosis Studies and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Oliver
- Department of Psychosis Studies and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Wilson
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Simina Sovi
- Department of Psychosis Studies and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex M. Dickens
- Turku Bioscience Center, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matej Oresic
- Turku Bioscience Center, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Tuomas Linderman
- Turku Bioscience Center, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - John Hodsoll
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amedeo Minichino
- Department of Psychosis Studies and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John Strang
- National Addiction Centre (NAC), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin M. Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom P. Freeman
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychosis Studies and Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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3
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Ellermann M. Emerging mechanisms by which endocannabinoids and their derivatives modulate bacterial populations within the gut microbiome. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2023; 3:11359. [PMID: 38389811 PMCID: PMC10880783 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2023.11359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive lipids such as endocannabinoids serve as important modulators of host health and disease through their effects on various host functions including central metabolism, gut physiology, and immunity. Furthermore, changes to the gut microbiome caused by external factors such as diet or by disease development have been associated with altered endocannabinoid tone and disease outcomes. These observations suggest the existence of reciprocal relationships between host lipid signaling networks and bacterial populations that reside within the gut. Indeed, endocannabinoids and their congeners such as N-acylethanolamides have been recently shown to alter bacterial growth, functions, physiology, and behaviors, therefore introducing putative mechanisms by which these bioactive lipids directly modulate the gut microbiome. Moreover, these potential interactions add another layer of complexity to the regulation of host health and disease pathogenesis that may be mediated by endocannabinoids and their derivatives. This mini review will summarize recent literature that exemplifies how N-acylethanolamides and monoacylglycerols including endocannabinoids can impact bacterial populations in vitro and within the gut microbiome. We also highlight exciting preclinical studies that have engineered gut bacteria to synthesize host N-acylethanolamides or their precursors as potential strategies to treat diseases that are in part driven by aberrant lipid signaling, including obesity and inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Ellermann
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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4
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Tietel Z, Hammann S, Meckelmann SW, Ziv C, Pauling JK, Wölk M, Würf V, Alves E, Neves B, Domingues MR. An overview of food lipids toward food lipidomics. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4302-4354. [PMID: 37616018 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence regarding lipids' beneficial effects on human health has changed the common perception of consumers and dietary officials about the role(s) of food lipids in a healthy diet. However, lipids are a wide group of molecules with specific nutritional and bioactive properties. To understand their true nutritional and functional value, robust methods are needed for accurate identification and quantification. Specific analytical strategies are crucial to target specific classes, especially the ones present in trace amounts. Finding a unique and comprehensive methodology to cover the full lipidome of each foodstuff is still a challenge. This review presents an overview of the lipids nutritionally relevant in foods and new trends in food lipid analysis for each type/class of lipids. Food lipid classes are described following the LipidMaps classification, fatty acids, endocannabinoids, waxes, C8 compounds, glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids (i.e., glycolipids, betaine lipids, and triglycerides), sphingolipids, sterols, sercosterols (vitamin D), isoprenoids (i.e., carotenoids and retinoids (vitamin A)), quinones (i.e., coenzyme Q, vitamin K, and vitamin E), terpenes, oxidized lipids, and oxylipin are highlighted. The uniqueness of each food group: oil-, protein-, and starch-rich, as well as marine foods, fruits, and vegetables (water-rich) regarding its lipid composition, is included. The effect of cooking, food processing, and storage, in addition to the importance of lipidomics in food quality and authenticity, are also discussed. A critical review of challenges and future trends of the analytical approaches and computational methods in global food lipidomics as the basis to increase consumer awareness of the significant role of lipids in food quality and food security worldwide is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipora Tietel
- Department of Food Science, Gilat Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, M.P. Negev, Israel
| | - Simon Hammann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven W Meckelmann
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Carmit Ziv
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Josch K Pauling
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Michele Wölk
- Lipid Metabolism: Analysis and Integration; Center of Membrane Biochemistry and Lipid Research; Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vivian Würf
- LipiTUM, Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Eliana Alves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Bruna Neves
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, CESAM, Department of Chemistry, Santiago University Campus, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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5
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Castel J, Li G, Oriane O, Leishman E, Cani PD, Bradshaw H, Mackie K, Everard A, Luquet S, Gangarossa G. NAPE-PLD in the ventral tegmental area regulates reward events, feeding and energy homeostasis. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3199777. [PMID: 37790425 PMCID: PMC10543029 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3199777/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) catalyzes the production of N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), a family of endogenous bioactive lipids, which are involved in various biological processes ranging from neuronal functions to energy homeostasis and feeding behaviors. Reward-dependent behaviors depend on dopamine (DA) transmission between the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which conveys reward-values and scales reinforced behaviors. However, whether and how NAPE-PLD may contribute to the regulation of feeding and reward-dependent behaviors has not yet been investigated. This biological question is of paramount importance since NAEs are altered in obesity and metabolic disorders. Here, we show that transcriptomic meta-analysis highlights a potential role for NAPE-PLD within the VTA®NAc circuit. Using brain-specific invalidation approaches, we report that the integrity of NAPE-PLD is required for the proper homeostasis of NAEs within the midbrain VTA and it affects food-reward behaviors. Moreover, region-specific knock-down of NAPE-PLD in the VTA enhanced food-reward seeking and reinforced behaviors, which were associated with increased in vivo DA release dynamics in response to both food and non-food-related rewards together with heightened tropism towards food consumption. Furthermore, midbrain knock-down of NAPE-PLD, which increased energy expenditure and adapted nutrient partitioning, elicited a relative protection against high-fat diet-mediated body fat gain and obesity-associated metabolic features. In conclusion, these findings reveal a new key role of VTA NAPE-PLD in shaping DA-dependent events, feeding behaviors and energy homeostasis, thus providing new insights on the regulation of body metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Castel
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, F-75013 Paris, France
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6
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Maccarrone M, Di Marzo V, Gertsch J, Grether U, Howlett AC, Hua T, Makriyannis A, Piomelli D, Ueda N, van der Stelt M. Goods and Bads of the Endocannabinoid System as a Therapeutic Target: Lessons Learned after 30 Years. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:885-958. [PMID: 37164640 PMCID: PMC10441647 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The cannabis derivative marijuana is the most widely used recreational drug in the Western world and is consumed by an estimated 83 million individuals (∼3% of the world population). In recent years, there has been a marked transformation in society regarding the risk perception of cannabis, driven by its legalization and medical use in many states in the United States and worldwide. Compelling research evidence and the Food and Drug Administration cannabis-derived cannabidiol approval for severe childhood epilepsy have confirmed the large therapeutic potential of cannabidiol itself, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and other plant-derived cannabinoids (phytocannabinoids). Of note, our body has a complex endocannabinoid system (ECS)-made of receptors, metabolic enzymes, and transporters-that is also regulated by phytocannabinoids. The first endocannabinoid to be discovered 30 years ago was anandamide (N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine); since then, distinct elements of the ECS have been the target of drug design programs aimed at curing (or at least slowing down) a number of human diseases, both in the central nervous system and at the periphery. Here a critical review of our knowledge of the goods and bads of the ECS as a therapeutic target is presented to define the benefits of ECS-active phytocannabinoids and ECS-oriented synthetic drugs for human health. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The endocannabinoid system plays important roles virtually everywhere in our body and is either involved in mediating key processes of central and peripheral diseases or represents a therapeutic target for treatment. Therefore, understanding the structure, function, and pharmacology of the components of this complex system, and in particular of key receptors (like cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2) and metabolic enzymes (like fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase), will advance our understanding of endocannabinoid signaling and activity at molecular, cellular, and system levels, providing new opportunities to treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Jürg Gertsch
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Uwe Grether
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Allyn C Howlett
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Tian Hua
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy (M.M.); European Center for Brain Research, Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy (M.M.); Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada (V.D.); Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, NCCR TransCure, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (J.G.); Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland (U.G.); Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (A.C.H.); iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China (T.H.); Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (A.M.); Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California (D.P.); Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan (N.U.); Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands (M.S.)
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7
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Mock ED, Gagestein B, van der Stelt M. Anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines: A class of signaling lipids with therapeutic opportunities. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101194. [PMID: 36150527 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), including N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA, anandamide), N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA, synaptamide) and their oxygenated metabolites are a lipid messenger family with numerous functions in health and disease, including inflammation, anxiety and energy metabolism. The NAEs exert their signaling role through activation of various G protein-coupled receptors (cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, GPR55, GPR110, GPR119), ion channels (TRPV1) and nuclear receptors (PPAR-α and PPAR-γ) in the brain and periphery. The biological role of the oxygenated NAEs, such as prostamides, hydroxylated anandamide and DHEA derivatives, are less studied. Evidence is accumulating that NAEs and their oxidative metabolites may be aberrantly regulated or are associated with disease severity in obesity, metabolic syndrome, cancer, neuroinflammation and liver cirrhosis. Here, we comprehensively review NAE biosynthesis and degradation, their metabolism by lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases and cytochrome P450s and the biological functions of these signaling lipids. We discuss the latest findings and therapeutic potential of modulating endogenous NAE levels by inhibition of their degradation, which is currently under clinical evaluation for neuropsychiatric disorders. We also highlight NAE biosynthesis inhibition as an emerging topic with therapeutic opportunities in endocannabinoid and NAE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot D Mock
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Berend Gagestein
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands.
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8
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Cuddihey H, MacNaughton WK, Sharkey KA. Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Regulation of Intestinal Homeostasis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:947-963. [PMID: 35750314 PMCID: PMC9500439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of intestinal homeostasis is fundamentally important to health. Intestinal barrier function and immune regulation are key determinants of intestinal homeostasis and are therefore tightly regulated by a variety of signaling mechanisms. The endocannabinoid system is a lipid mediator signaling system widely expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. Accumulating evidence suggests the endocannabinoid system is a critical nexus involved in the physiological processes that underlie the control of intestinal homeostasis. In this review we will illustrate how the endocannabinoid system is involved in regulation of intestinal permeability, fluid secretion, and immune regulation. We will also demonstrate a reciprocal regulation between the endocannabinoid system and the gut microbiome. The role of the endocannabinoid system is complex and multifaceted, responding to both internal and external factors while also serving as an effector system for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey Cuddihey
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wallace K. MacNaughton
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith A. Sharkey
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Keith Sharkey, PhD, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
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9
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Ochiai K, Hirooka R, Sakaino M, Takeuchi S, Hira T. 2-Arachidonoyl glycerol suppresses gastric emptying via the cannabinoid receptor 1-cholecystokinin signaling pathway in mice. Lipids 2022; 57:173-181. [PMID: 35266554 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
2-Monoacylglycerol (2-MAG) is one of the digestion products of dietary lipids. We recently demonstrated that a 2-MAG, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) potently stimulated cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion via cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) in a murine CCK-producing cell line, STC-1. CCK plays a crucial role in suppressing postprandial gastric emptying. To examine the effect of 2-AG on gastric emptying, we performed acetaminophen and phenol red recovery tests under oral or intraperitoneal administration of 2-AG in mice. Orally administered 2-AG (25 mg/kg) suppressed the gastric emptying rate in mice, as determined by the acetaminophen absorption test and phenol red recovery test. Intraperitoneal administration of a cholecystokinin A receptor antagonist (0.5 mg/kg) attenuated the gastric inhibitory emptying effect. In addition, both oral (10 mg/kg) and intraperitoneal (0.5 mg/kg) administration of a CB1 antagonist counteracted the 2-AG-induced gastric inhibitory effect. Furthermore, intraperitoneal 2-AG (25 mg/kg) suppressed gastric emptying. These results indicate that 2-AG exhibits an inhibitory effect on gastric emptying in mice, possibly mediated by stimulating both CCK secretion via CB1 expressed in CCK-producing cells and acting on CB1 expressed in the peripheral nerves. Our findings provide novel insights into the 2-MAG-sensing mechanism in enteroendocrine cells and the physiological role of 2-MAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Ochiai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rina Hirooka
- Food Design Center, J-Oil Mills, Inc., Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | - Tohru Hira
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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10
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Sihag J, Di Marzo V. (Wh)olistic (E)ndocannabinoidome-Microbiome-Axis Modulation through (N)utrition (WHEN) to Curb Obesity and Related Disorders. Lipids Health Dis 2022; 21:9. [PMID: 35027074 PMCID: PMC8759188 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the endocannabinoidome (eCBome) is evolving gradually with yet to be elucidated functional lipid mediators and receptors. The diet modulates these bioactive lipids and the gut microbiome, both working in an entwined alliance. Mounting evidence suggests that, in different ways and with a certain specialisation, lipid signalling mediators such as N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAGs), and N-acyl-amino acids (NAAs), along with endocannabinoids (eCBs), can modulate physiological mechanisms underpinning appetite, food intake, macronutrient metabolism, pain sensation, blood pressure, mood, cognition, and immunity. This knowledge has been primarily utilised in pharmacology and medicine to develop many drugs targeting the fine and specific molecular pathways orchestrating eCB and eCBome activity. Conversely, the contribution of dietary NAEs, 2-MAGs and eCBs to the biological functions of these molecules has been little studied. In this review, we discuss the importance of (Wh) olistic (E)ndocannabinoidome-Microbiome-Axis Modulation through (N) utrition (WHEN), in the management of obesity and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sihag
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada.
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada.
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), University of Laval, Quebec, Canada.
- University Institute of Cardiology and Pneumology, Quebec, Canada.
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) and Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), University of Laval, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, India.
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada.
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Laval, Quebec, Canada.
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), University of Laval, Quebec, Canada.
- University Institute of Cardiology and Pneumology, Quebec, Canada.
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF) and Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), University of Laval, Quebec, Canada.
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of the National Research Council (ICB-CNR), Naples, Italy.
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Naples, Italy.
- Joint International Research Unit between the Italian National Research Council (CNR) and University of Laval, for Chemical and Biomolecular Research on the Microbiome and its impact on Metabolic Health and Nutrition (UMI-MicroMeNu), Quebec, Canada.
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11
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Qin W, Ying W, Hamaker B, Zhang G. Slow digestion-oriented dietary strategy to sustain the secretion of GLP-1 for improved glucose homeostasis. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5173-5196. [PMID: 34350681 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated glucose metabolism is associated with many chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and strategies to restore and maintain glucose homeostasis are essential to health. The incretin hormone of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is known to play a critical role in regulating glucose homeostasis and dietary nutrients are the primary stimuli to the release of intestinal GLP-1. However, the GLP-1 producing enteroendocrine L-cells are mainly distributed in the distal region of the gastrointestinal tract where there are almost no nutrients to stimulate the secretion of GLP-1 under normal situations. Thus, a dietary strategy to sustain the release of GLP-1 was proposed, and the slow digestion property and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activity of food components, approaches to reduce the rate of food digestion, and mechanisms to sustain the release of GLP-1 were reviewed. A slow digestion-oriented dietary approach through encapsulation of nutrients, incorporation of viscous dietary fibers, and enzyme inhibitors of phytochemicals in a designed whole food matrix will be implemented to efficiently reduce the digestion rate of food nutrients, potentiate their distal deposition and a sustained secretion of GLP-1, which will be beneficial to improved glucose homeostasis and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangyan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wang Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bruce Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Genyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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12
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Vana V, Lærke MK, Kleberg K, Mroz PA, Lindberg BL, Ekberg JH, Rehfeld JF, Schwartz TW, Hansen HS. Post-oral fat-induced satiation is mediated by endogenous CCK and GLP-1 in a fat self-administration mouse model. Physiol Behav 2021; 234:113315. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Association of metabolites with obesity based on two gene variants, MC4R rs17782313 and BDNF rs6265. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166144. [PMID: 33862146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous genome-wide association analyses for obesity related genes demonstrated the association of BDNF gene variant rs6265 and MC4R gene variant rs17782313 with body mass index (BMI). However, the associated metabolite pathways are still behind the curtain. The aim of the current study is to investigate the associations of metabolic changes in obesity with MC4R gene variant rs17782313 and BDNF variant rs6265. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based untargeted metabolomics approach was used and 42 identified serum metabolites were selected for statistical analyses. Significant association of seven metabolites with MC4R gene variant rs17782313 based on obesity and thirty metabolites with obesity dependent BDNF variant rs6265 using additive model (adjusted p < 0.05) was observed. This study highlights the importance of alteration of fatty acid biosynthesis, probably due to high consumption of fats may cause to develop obesity. But obesity is a complex disorder and the full clarification of this complex machinery is still distant. To understand the obesity in a better way, more studies are required to identify remaining metabolites and also mechanism of these metabolic entities.
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14
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Zhou J, Mock ED, Al Ayed K, Di X, Kantae V, Burggraaff L, Stevens AF, Martella A, Mohr F, Jiang M, van der Wel T, Wendel TJ, Ofman TP, Tran Y, de Koster N, van Westen GJP, Hankemeier T, van der Stelt M. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of α-Ketoamides as Inhibitors of the Phospholipase A and Acyltransferase Enzyme Family. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9340-9359. [PMID: 32787138 PMCID: PMC7498158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The phospholipase A and acyltransferase
(PLAAT) family of cysteine
hydrolases consists of five members, which are involved in the Ca2+-independent production of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines
(NAPEs). NAPEs are lipid precursors for bioactive N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) that are involved in various physiological
processes such as food intake, pain, inflammation, stress, and anxiety.
Recently, we identified α-ketoamides as the first pan-active
PLAAT inhibitor scaffold that reduced arachidonic acid levels in PLAAT3-overexpressing
U2OS cells and in HepG2 cells. Here, we report the structure–activity
relationships of the α-ketoamide series using activity-based
protein profiling. This led to the identification of LEI-301, a nanomolar potent inhibitor for the PLAAT family members. LEI-301 reduced the NAE levels, including anandamide, in cells
overexpressing PLAAT2 or PLAAT5. Collectively, LEI-301 may help to dissect the physiological role of the PLAATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elliot D Mock
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karol Al Ayed
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xinyu Di
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vasudev Kantae
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lindsey Burggraaff
- Department of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna F Stevens
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Martella
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Florian Mohr
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ming Jiang
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Wel
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tiemen J Wendel
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tim P Ofman
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Tran
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicky de Koster
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J P van Westen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Department of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University & Oncode Institute, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Rastelli M, Van Hul M, Terrasi R, Lefort C, Régnier M, Beiroa D, Delzenne NM, Everard A, Nogueiras R, Luquet S, Muccioli GG, Cani PD. Intestinal NAPE-PLD contributes to short-term regulation of food intake via gut-to-brain axis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E647-E657. [PMID: 32776827 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00146.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to explore the physiological role of the intestinal endocannabinoids in the regulation of appetite upon short-term exposure to high-fat-diet (HFD) and understand the mechanisms responsible for aberrant gut-brain signaling leading to hyperphagia in mice lacking Napepld in the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). We generated a murine model harboring an inducible NAPE-PLD deletion in IECs (NapepldΔIEC). After an overnight fast, we exposed wild-type (WT) and NapepldΔIEC mice to different forms of lipid challenge (HFD or gavage), and we compared the modification occurring in the hypothalamus, in the vagus nerve, and at endocrine level 30 and 60 min after the stimulation. NapepldΔIEC mice displayed lower hypothalamic levels of N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA) in response to HFD. Lower mRNA expression of anorexigenic Pomc occurred in the hypothalamus of NapepldΔIEC mice after lipid challenge. This early hypothalamic alteration was not the consequence of impaired vagal signaling in NapepldΔIEC mice. Following lipid administration, WT and NapepldΔIEC mice had similar portal levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and similar rates of GLP-1 inactivation. Administration of exendin-4, a full agonist of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), prevented the hyperphagia of NapepldΔIEC mice upon HFD. We conclude that in response to lipid, NapepldΔIEC mice displayed reduced OEA in brain and intestine, suggesting an impairment of the gut-brain axis in this model. We speculated that decreased levels of OEA likely contributes to reduce GLP-1R activation, explaining the observed hyperphagia in this model. Altogether, we elucidated novel physiological mechanisms regarding the gut-brain axis by which intestinal NAPE-PLD regulates appetite rapidly after lipid exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialetizia Rastelli
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Matthias Van Hul
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Romano Terrasi
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Lefort
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Marion Régnier
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Daniel Beiroa
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Amandine Everard
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Serge Luquet
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Bruxelles, Belgium
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16
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Blaner WS, Brun PJ, Calderon RM, Golczak M. Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2): biology and pathobiology. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:197-218. [PMID: 32466661 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1768207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2; originally cellular retinol-binding protein, type II (CRBPII)) is a 16 kDa cytosolic protein that in the adult is localized predominantly to absorptive cells of the proximal small intestine. It is well established that RBP2 plays a central role in facilitating uptake of dietary retinoid, retinoid metabolism in enterocytes, and retinoid actions locally within the intestine. Studies of mice lacking Rbp2 establish that Rbp2 is not required in times of dietary retinoid-sufficiency. However, in times of dietary retinoid-insufficiency, the complete lack of Rbp2 gives rise to perinatal lethality owing to RBP2 absence in both placental (maternal) and neonatal tissues. Moreover, when maintained on a high-fat diet, Rbp2-knockout mice develop obesity, glucose intolerance and a fatty liver. Unexpectedly, recent investigations have demonstrated that RBP2 binds long-chain 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAGs), including the canonical endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, with very high affinity, equivalent to that of retinol binding. Crystallographic studies establish that 2-MAGs bind to a site within RBP2 that fully overlaps with the retinol binding site. When challenged orally with fat, mucosal levels of 2-MAGs in Rbp2 null mice are significantly greater than those of matched controls establishing that RBP2 is a physiologically relevant MAG-binding protein. The rise in MAG levels is accompanied by elevations in circulating levels of the hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is not understood how retinoid and/or MAG binding to RBP2 affects the functions of this protein, nor is it presently understood how these contribute to the metabolic and hormonal phenotypes observed for Rbp2-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Blaner
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pierre-Jacques Brun
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rossana M Calderon
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology and Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Ho M, Anderson GH, Lin L, Bazinet RP, Kubant R. Ethanolamides of essential α-linolenic and linoleic fatty acids suppress short-term food intake in rats. Food Funct 2020; 11:3066-3072. [PMID: 32191234 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02884f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Food source has a significant impact on levels of fatty acids and their derivatives, fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs), in the small intestine and brain. Among non-essential fatty acids, oleic acid and its FAE acutely reduce food intake. However, effects of the essential α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and their FAEs on appetite regulation remain undefined. This study tested the hypothesis that α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid mediate acute suppression of food intake through their corresponding FAEs, α-linolenoylethanolamide and linoleoylethanolamide, respectively. To allow for the differentiation of the effects of FAEs and their parent fatty acids, male Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with α-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, α-linolenoylethanolamide and linoleoylethanolamide after a 12-hour overnight fast. Short-term food intake, plasma and brain FAE status, and plasma concentrations of insulin and leptin were measured to determine whether these hormones mediate the anorectic effect of FAEs. Both ethanolamides, but not their parent fatty acids, acutely suppressed food intake up to one hour post-treatment and this effect was independent of insulin and leptin hormones. In conclusion, essential α-linolenic and linoleic fatty acids mediate acute suppression of food intake through their corresponding FAEs. These findings may aid in the further research of FAEs as potential therapeutic agents for the management and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Ho
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 5th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - G Harvey Anderson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 5th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 5th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 5th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Ruslan Kubant
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 5th Floor, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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18
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Lee SA, Yang KJZ, Brun PJ, Silvaroli JA, Yuen JJ, Shmarakov I, Jiang H, Feranil JB, Li X, Lackey AI, Krężel W, Leibel RL, Libien J, Storch J, Golczak M, Blaner WS. Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2) binds monoacylglycerols and modulates gut endocrine signaling and body weight. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaay8937. [PMID: 32195347 PMCID: PMC7065888 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay8937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Expressed in the small intestine, retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2) facilitates dietary retinoid absorption. Rbp2-deficient (Rbp2-/- ) mice fed a chow diet exhibit by 6-7 months-of-age higher body weights, impaired glucose metabolism, and greater hepatic triglyceride levels compared to controls. These phenotypes are also observed when young Rbp2-/- mice are fed a high fat diet. Retinoids do not account for the phenotypes. Rather, RBP2 is a previously unidentified monoacylglycerol (MAG)-binding protein, interacting with the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and other MAGs with affinities comparable to retinol. X-ray crystallographic studies show that MAGs bind in the retinol binding pocket. When challenged with an oil gavage, Rbp2-/- mice show elevated mucosal levels of 2-MAGs. This is accompanied by significantly elevated blood levels of the gut hormone GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide). Thus, RBP2, in addition to facilitating dietary retinoid absorption, modulates MAG metabolism and likely signaling, playing a heretofore unknown role in systemic energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ah Lee
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kryscilla Jian Zhang Yang
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pierre-Jacques Brun
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josie A. Silvaroli
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jason J. Yuen
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Igor Shmarakov
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun B. Feranil
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xueting Li
- PhD Program in Nutritional and Metabolic Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Atreju I. Lackey
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Wojciech Krężel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, U1258, CNRS, UMR 7104, Unistra, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Rudolph L. Leibel
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenny Libien
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Judith Storch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Marcin Golczak
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Center for Membrane and Structural Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William S. Blaner
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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19
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Sládek M, Houdek P, Sumová A. Circadian profiling reveals distinct regulation of endocannabinoid system in the rat plasma, liver and adrenal glands by light-dark and feeding cycles. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:158533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.158533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Rastelli M, Cani PD, Knauf C. The Gut Microbiome Influences Host Endocrine Functions. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1271-1284. [PMID: 31081896 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is considered an organ contributing to the regulation of host metabolism. Since the relationship between the gut microbiome and specific diseases was elucidated, numerous studies have deciphered molecular mechanisms explaining how gut bacteria interact with host cells and eventually shape metabolism. Both metagenomic and metabolomic analyses have contributed to the discovery of bacterial-derived metabolites acting on host cells. In this review, we examine the molecular mechanisms by which bacterial metabolites act as paracrine or endocrine factors, thereby regulating host metabolism. We highlight the impact of specific short-chain fatty acids on the secretion of gut peptides (i.e., glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY) and other metabolites produced from different amino acids and regulating inflammation, glucose metabolism, or energy homeostasis. We also discuss the role of gut microbes on the regulation of bioactive lipids that belong to the endocannabinoid system and specific neurotransmitters (e.g., γ-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, nitric oxide). Finally, we review the role of specific bacterial components (i.e., ClpB, Amuc_1100) also acting as endocrine factors and eventually controlling host metabolism. In conclusion, this review summarizes the recent state of the art, aiming at providing evidence that the gut microbiome influences host endocrine functions via several bacteria-derived metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialetizia Rastelli
- Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium.,NeuroMicrobiota, European Associated Laboratory (INSERM/UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Université Catholique de Louvain, UCLouvain, Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and BIOtechnology (WELBIO), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Brussels, Belgium.,NeuroMicrobiota, European Associated Laboratory (INSERM/UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Claude Knauf
- NeuroMicrobiota, European Associated Laboratory (INSERM/UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.,Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive et Nutrition (IRSD), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1220, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse Cedex 3, France
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21
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Gómez-Boronat M, Isorna E, Armirotti A, Delgado MJ, Piomelli D, de Pedro N. Diurnal Profiles of N-Acylethanolamines in Goldfish Brain and Gastrointestinal Tract: Possible Role of Feeding. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:450. [PMID: 31133788 PMCID: PMC6514144 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are a family of endogenous lipid signaling molecules that are involved in regulation of energy homeostasis in vertebrates with a putative role on circadian system. The aim of this work was to study the existence of daily fluctuations in components of NAEs system and their possible dependence on food intake. Specifically, we analyzed the content of oleoylethanolamide (OEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), stearoylethanolamide (SEA), their precursors (NAPEs), as well as the expression of nape-pld (NAEs synthesis enzyme), faah (NAEs degradation enzyme), and pparα (NAEs receptor) in gastrointestinal and brain tissues of goldfish (Carassius auratus) throughout a 24-h cycle. Daily profiles of bmal1a and rev-erbα expression in gastrointestinal tissues were also quantified because these clock genes are also involved in lipid metabolism, are PPAR-targets in mammals, and could be a link between NAEs and circadian system in fish. Gastrointestinal levels of NAEs exhibited daily fluctuations, with a pronounced and rapid postprandial increase, the increment being likely caused by food intake as it is not present in fasted animals. Such periprandial differences were not found in brain, supporting that NAEs mobilization occurs in a tissue-specific manner and suggesting that these three NAEs could be acting as peripheral satiety signals. The abundance of pparα mRNA displayed a daily rhythm in the intestine and the liver, suggesting a possible rhythmicity in the NAEs functionality. The increment of pparα expression during the rest phase can be related with its role stimulating lipid catabolism to obtain energy during the fasting state of the animals. In addition, the clock genes bmal1a and rev-erbα also showed daily rhythms, with a bmal1a increment after feeding, supporting its role as a lipogenic factor. In summary, our data show the existence of all components of NAEs system in fish (OEA, PEA, SEA, precursors, synthesis and degradation enzymes, and the receptor PPARα), supporting the involvement of NAEs as peripheral satiety signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gómez-Boronat
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Unidad Docente de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Isorna
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Unidad Docente de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - María J Delgado
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Unidad Docente de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Nuria de Pedro
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Unidad Docente de Fisiología Animal, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Abstract
LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on 8th European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc.
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23
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Members of the endocannabinoid system are distinctly regulated in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2358. [PMID: 30787385 PMCID: PMC6382821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays an important role in the protection against intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer (CRC); however, human data are scarce. We determined members of the ECS and related components of the ‘endocannabinoidome’ in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and CRC, and compared them to control subjects. Anandamide (AEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) were increased in plasma of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) patients while 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) was elevated in patients with CD, but not UC. 2-AG, but not AEA, PEA and OEA, was elevated in CRC patients. Lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) 18:0 showed higher levels in patients with IBD than in control subjects whereas LPI 20:4 was elevated in both CRC and IBD. Gene expression in intestinal mucosal biopsies revealed different profiles in CD and UC. CD, but not UC patients, showed increased gene expression for the 2-AG synthesizing enzyme diacylglycerol lipase alpha. Transcripts of CNR1 and GPR119 were predominantly decreased in CD. Our data show altered plasma levels of endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids in IBD and CRC and distinct transcript profiles in UC and CD. We also report alterations for less known components in intestinal inflammation, such as GPR119, OEA and LPI.
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24
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Satiety Factors Oleoylethanolamide, Stearoylethanolamide, and Palmitoylethanolamide in Mother's Milk Are Strongly Associated with Infant Weight at Four Months of Age-Data from the Odense Child Cohort. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111747. [PMID: 30428553 PMCID: PMC6266120 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of appetite and food intake is partly regulated by N-acylethanolamine lipids oleoylethanolamide (OEA), stearoylethanolamide (SEA), and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), which induce satiety through endogenous formation in the small intestine upon feeding, but also when orally or systemic administered. OEA, SEA, and PEA are present in human milk, and we hypothesized that the content of OEA, SEA, and PEA in mother’s milk differed for infants being heavy (high weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ)) or light (low WAZ) at time of milk sample collection. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the concentration of OEA, SEA, and PEA in milk samples collected four months postpartum from mothers to high (n = 50) or low (n = 50) WAZ infants. Associations between OEA, SEA, and PEA concentration and infant anthropometry at four months of age as well as growth from birth were investigated using linear and logistic regression analyses, adjusted for birth weight, early infant formula supplementation, and maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index. Mean OEA, SEA, and PEA concentrations were lower in the high compared to the low WAZ group (all p < 0.02), and a higher concentration of SEA was associated with lower anthropometric measures, e.g., triceps skinfold thickness (mm) (β = −2.235, 95% CI = −4.04, −0.43, p = 0.016), and weight gain per day since birth (g) (β = −8.169, 95% CI = −15.26, −1.08, p = 0.024). This raises the possibility, that the content of satiety factors OEA, SEA, and PEA in human milk may affect infant growth.
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25
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Witkamp RF, van Norren K. Let thy food be thy medicine….when possible. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 836:102-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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26
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Price CA, Argueta DA, Medici V, Bremer AA, Lee V, Nunez MV, Chen GX, Keim NL, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL, DiPatrizio NV. Plasma fatty acid ethanolamides are associated with postprandial triglycerides, ApoCIII, and ApoE in humans consuming a high-fructose corn syrup-sweetened beverage. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E141-E149. [PMID: 29634315 PMCID: PMC6335011 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00406.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical research studies have provided ample evidence demonstrating that consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages increases risk factors involved in the development of obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our previous study demonstrated that when compared with aspartame (Asp), 2 wk of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened beverages provided at 25% of daily energy requirement was associated with increased body weight, postprandial (pp) triglycerides (TG), and fasting and pp CVD risk factors in young adults. The fatty acid ethanolamide, anandamide (AEA), and the monoacylglycerol, 2-arachidonoyl- sn-glycerol (2-AG), are two primary endocannabinoids (ECs) that play a role in regulating food intake, increasing adipose storage, and regulating lipid metabolism. Therefore, we measured plasma concentrations of ECs and their analogs, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide (DHEA), and docosahexaenoyl glycerol (DHG), in participants from our previous study who consumed HFCS- or Asp-sweetened beverages to determine associations with weight gain and CVD risk factors. Two-week exposure to either HFCS- or Asp-sweetened beverages resulted in significant differences in the changes in fasting levels of OEA and DHEA between groups after the testing period. Subjects who consumed Asp, but not HFCS, displayed a reduction in AEA, OEA, and DHEA after the testing period. In contrast, there were significant positive relationships between AEA, OEA, and DHEA vs. ppTG, ppApoCIII, and ppApoE in those consuming HFCS, but not in those consuming Asp. Our findings reveal previously unknown associations between circulating ECs and EC-related molecules with markers of lipid metabolism and CVD risk after HFCS consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Allister Price
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Donovan A Argueta
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Vivien Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Marinelle V Nunez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
- Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Guoxia X Chen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Nancy L Keim
- Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center , Davis, California
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
- Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
- Department of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
| | - Nicholas V DiPatrizio
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California
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27
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Hansen HS, Vana V. Non-endocannabinoid N-acylethanolamines and 2-monoacylglycerols in the intestine. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:1443-1454. [PMID: 29473944 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on recent findings of the physiological and pharmacological role of non-endocannabinoid N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAGs) in the intestine and their involvement in the gut-brain signalling. Dietary fat suppresses food intake, and much research concerns the known gut peptides, for example, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and cholecystokinin (CCK). NAEs and 2-MAGs represent another class of local gut signals most probably involved in the regulation of food intake. We discuss the putative biosynthetic pathways and targets of NAEs in the intestine as well as their anorectic role and changes in intestinal levels depending on the dietary status. NAEs can activate the transcription factor PPARα, but studies to evaluate the role of endogenous NAEs are generally lacking. Finally, we review the role of diet-derived 2-MAGs in the secretion of anorectic gut peptides via activation of GPR119. Both PPARα and GPR119 have potential as pharmacological targets for the treatment of obesity and the former for treatment of intestinal inflammation. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on 8th European Workshop on Cannabinoid Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.10/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald S Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vasiliki Vana
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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