1
|
Haliyur R, Parkinson DH, Ma F, Xu J, Li Q, Huang Y, Tsoi LC, Bogle R, Liu J, Gudjonsson JE, Rao RC. Liquid Biopsy for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Human Vitreous Reveals Inflammatory T-Cell Signature. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2024; 4:100539. [PMID: 39220810 PMCID: PMC11365369 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2024.100539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Current therapies for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) do not specifically target VEGF-independent, cell-type-specific processes that lead to vision loss, such as inflammatory pathways. This study aimed to identify targetable cell types and corresponding signaling pathways by elucidating the single-cell landscape of the vitreous of patients with PDR. Design Case series. Subjects Vitreous and peripheral blood obtained from 5 adult patients (6 eyes) undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for vision-threatening PDR. Methods Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on vitreous cells obtained from diluted cassette washings during vitrectomy from 6 eyes and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs, n = 5). Droplet-based scRNA-seq was performed using the Chromium 10x platform to obtain single-cell transcriptomes. Differences in tissue compartments were analyzed with gene ontology enrichment of differentially expressed genes and an unbiased ligand-receptor interaction analysis. Main Outcome Measures Single-cell transcriptomic profiles of vitreous and peripheral blood. Results Transcriptomes from 13 675 surgically harvested vitreous cells and 22 636 PBMCs were included. Clustering revealed 4 cell states consistently across all eyes with representative transcripts for T cells (CD2, CD3D, CD3E, and GZMA), B cells (CD79A, IGHM, MS4A1 (CD20), and HLA-DRA), myeloid cells (LYZ, CST3, AIF1, and IFI30), and neutrophils (BASP1, CXCR2, S100A8, and S100A9). Most vitreous cells were T cells (91.6%), unlike the peripheral blood (46.2%), whereas neutrophils in the vitreous were essentially absent. The full repertoire of adaptive T cells including CD4+, CD8+ and T regulatory cells (Treg) and innate immune system effectors (i.e., natural killer T cells) was present in the vitreous. Pathway analysis also demonstrated activation of CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells and ligand-receptor interactions unique to the vitreous. Conclusions In the first single-cell transcriptomic characterization of human vitreous in a disease state, we show PDR vitreous is primarily composed of T cells, a critical component of adaptive immunity, with activity and proportions distinct from T cells within the peripheral blood, and neutrophils are essentially absent. These results demonstrate the feasibility of liquid vitreous biopsies via collection of otherwise discarded, diluted cassette washings during vitrectomy to gain mechanistic and therapeutic insights into human vitreoretinal disease. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Haliyur
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - David H. Parkinson
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yuanhao Huang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Lam C. Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rachael Bogle
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Johann E. Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Rajesh C. Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- A. Alfred Taubman Medical Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Section of Ophthalmology, Surgery Service, Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ayalon A, Sahel JA, Chhablani J. A journey through the world of vitreous. Surv Ophthalmol 2024; 69:957-966. [PMID: 38885759 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Vitreous, one of the largest components of the human eye, mostly contains water. Despite decades of studying the vitreous structure, numerous unanswered questions still remain, fueling ongoing active research. We attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the development, morphology, biochemical composition, and function of the vitreous. We emphasize the impact of the vitreous structure and composition on the distribution of drugs. Fast-developing imaging technologies, such as modern optical coherence tomography, unlocked multiple new approaches, offering the potential for in vivo study of the vitreous structure. They allowed to analyze in vivo a range of vitreous structures, such as posterior precortical vitreous pockets, Cloquet canal, channels that interconnect them, perivascular vitreous fissures, and cisterns. We provide an overview of such imaging techniques and their principles and of some challenges in visualizing vitreous structures. Finally, we explores the potential of combining the latest technologies and machine learning to enhance our understanding of vitreous structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anfisa Ayalon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - José-Alain Sahel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jay Chhablani
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Klose A, Gounani Z, Ijäs H, Lajunen T, Linko V, Laaksonen T. Doxorubicin-loaded DNA origami nanostructures: stability in vitreous and their uptake and toxicity in ocular cells. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:17585-17598. [PMID: 39228361 PMCID: PMC11372452 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01995d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Biocompatibility and precise control over their size and shape make DNA origami nanostructures (DONs) promising for drug delivery applications. Whilst many investigations have focused on cancer treatment, this might not be the best fit for DONs that get degraded by nucleases in blood. In comparison, an eye is a uniquely isolated target organ, which could benefit from DONs to achieve and maintain therapeutic concentrations in diseases that threaten the eyesight of millions of patients every year. We investigated the loading of doxorubicin (DOX) as a model drug into three distinct DONs and tested their stability upon storage. Further, we chose one structure (24HB) to probe its stability under physiological conditions in cell media and porcine vitreous, before examining the uptake and effect of DOX-loaded 24HB (24HB-DOX) on the cell viability in a retinal cell line (ARPE-19). Similar to previous reports, the tested low μM loading concentrations of DOX resulted in high drug loadings of up to 34% (m/m), and remained mostly intact in water for at least 2 months at 4 °C. In cell media and porcine vitreous at 37 °C, however, 24HB required additional Mg2+ supplementation to avoid degradation and the loss of the attached fluorophores. With added Mg2+, 24HB remained stable in vitreous for 7 days at 37 °C. The treatment with 24HB-DOX was well tolerated by ARPE-19 cells, compared to the observed higher toxicity of free DOX. Uptake studies revealed, however, that in contrast to free DOX, very little 24HB-DOX was taken up by the cells. Instead, the particles were observed to attach around the cells. Hence, our results suggest that since the uptake seems to be the bottleneck for therapies using DONs, further strategies such as adding ocular targeting moieties are necessary to increase the uptake and efficacy of doxorubicin-loaded DONs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Klose
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Zahra Gounani
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Heini Ijäs
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Tatu Lajunen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonrinne 3, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Veikko Linko
- Biohybrid Materials, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Timo Laaksonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5, 00790 Helsinki, Finland.
- Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Korkeakoulunkatu 8, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu T, Zhou T, Goit RK, Tam KC, Chan YK, Lam WC, Lo ACY. Bioactive Glial-Derived Neurotrophic Factor from a Safe Injectable Collagen-Alginate Composite Gel Rescues Retinal Photoreceptors from Retinal Degeneration in Rabbits. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:394. [PMID: 39330275 PMCID: PMC11433152 DOI: 10.3390/md22090394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The management of vision-threatening retinal diseases remains challenging due to the lack of an effective drug delivery system. Encapsulated cell therapy (ECT) offers a promising approach for the continuous delivery of therapeutic agents without the need for immunosuppressants. In this context, an injectable and terminable collagen-alginate composite (CAC) ECT gel, designed with a Tet-on pro-caspase-8 system, was developed as a safe intraocular drug delivery platform for the sustained release of glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to treat retinal degenerative diseases. This study examined the potential clinical application of the CAC ECT gel, focusing on its safety, performance, and termination through doxycycline (Dox) administration in the eyes of healthy New Zealand White rabbits, as well as its therapeutic efficacy in rabbits with sodium-iodate (SI)-induced retinal degeneration. The findings indicated that the CAC ECT gel can be safely implanted without harming the retina or lens, displaying resistance to degradation, facilitating cell attachment, and secreting bioactive GDNF. Furthermore, the GDNF levels could be modulated by the number of implants. Moreover, Dox administration was effective in terminating gel function without causing retinal damage. Notably, rabbits with retinal degeneration treated with the gels exhibited significant functional recovery in both a-wave and b-wave amplitudes and showed remarkable efficacy in reducing photoreceptor apoptosis. Given its biocompatibility, mechanical stability, controlled drug release, terminability, and therapeutic effectiveness, our CAC ECT gel presents a promising therapeutic strategy for various retinal diseases in a clinical setting, eliminating the need for immunosuppressants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (T.H.); (T.Z.); (K.C.T.); (Y.K.C.); (W.-C.L.)
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (T.H.); (T.Z.); (K.C.T.); (Y.K.C.); (W.-C.L.)
| | - Rajesh Kumar Goit
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (T.H.); (T.Z.); (K.C.T.); (Y.K.C.); (W.-C.L.)
- Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ka Cheung Tam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (T.H.); (T.Z.); (K.C.T.); (Y.K.C.); (W.-C.L.)
| | - Yau Kei Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (T.H.); (T.Z.); (K.C.T.); (Y.K.C.); (W.-C.L.)
| | - Wai-Ching Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (T.H.); (T.Z.); (K.C.T.); (Y.K.C.); (W.-C.L.)
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3N9, Canada
| | - Amy Cheuk Yin Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (T.H.); (T.Z.); (K.C.T.); (Y.K.C.); (W.-C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kong JS, Kim JJ, Riva L, Ginestra PS, Cho DW. In vitrothree-dimensional volumetric printing of vitreous body models using decellularized extracellular matrix bioink. Biofabrication 2024; 16:045030. [PMID: 39142325 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad6f46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Hyalocytes, which are considered to originate from the monocyte/macrophage lineage, play active roles in vitreous collagen and hyaluronic acid synthesis. Obtaining a hyalocyte-compatible bioink during the 3D bioprinting of eye models is challenging. In this study, we investigated the suitability of a cartilage-decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM)-based bioink for printing a vitreous body model. Given that achieving a 3D structure and environment identical to those of the vitreous body necessitates good printability and biocompatibility, we examined the mechanical and biological properties of the developed dECM-based bioink. Furthermore, we proposed a 3D bioprinting strategy for volumetric vitreous body fabrication that supports cell viability, transparency, and self-sustainability. The construction of a 3D structure composed of bioink microfibers resulted in improved transparency and hyalocyte-like macrophage activity in volumetric vitreous mimetics, mimicking real vitreous bodies. The results indicate that our 3D structure could serve as a platform for drug testing in disease models and demonstrate that the proposed printing technology, utilizing a dECM-based bioink and volumetric vitreous body, has the potential to facilitate the development of advanced eye models for future studies on floater formation and visual disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Sik Kong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Joeng Ju Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Leonardo Riva
- Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Serena Ginestra
- Department of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze 38, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Dong-Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSTECH-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, POSTECH, Pohang, Kyungbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thorne CA, Grey AC, Lim JC, Donaldson PJ. The Synergistic Effects of Polyol Pathway-Induced Oxidative and Osmotic Stress in the Aetiology of Diabetic Cataracts. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9042. [PMID: 39201727 PMCID: PMC11354722 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cataracts are the world's leading cause of blindness, and diabetes is the second leading risk factor for cataracts after old age. Despite this, no preventative treatment exists for cataracts. The altered metabolism of excess glucose during hyperglycaemia is known to be the underlying cause of diabetic cataractogenesis, resulting in localised disruptions to fibre cell morphology and cell swelling in the outer cortex of the lens. In rat models of diabetic cataracts, this damage has been shown to result from osmotic stress and oxidative stress due to the accumulation of intracellular sorbitol, the depletion of NADPH which is used to regenerate glutathione, and the generation of fructose metabolites via the polyol pathway. However, differences in lens physiology and the metabolism of glucose in the lenses of different species have prevented the translation of successful treatments in animal models into effective treatments in humans. Here, we review the stresses that arise from hyperglycaemic glucose metabolism and link these to the regionally distinct metabolic and physiological adaptations in the lens that are vulnerable to these stressors, highlighting the evidence that chronic oxidative stress together with osmotic stress underlies the aetiology of human diabetic cortical cataracts. With this information, we also highlight fundamental gaps in the knowledge that could help to inform new avenues of research if effective anti-diabetic cataract therapies are to be developed in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney A. Thorne
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.A.T.); (A.C.G.); (P.J.D.)
- New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Angus C. Grey
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.A.T.); (A.C.G.); (P.J.D.)
- New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Julie C. Lim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.A.T.); (A.C.G.); (P.J.D.)
- New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Paul J. Donaldson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (C.A.T.); (A.C.G.); (P.J.D.)
- New Zealand National Eye Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang S, Tong T, Wang H, Li Z, Wang M, Ni K. Causal relationship between air pollution and infections: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1409640. [PMID: 39148655 PMCID: PMC11324489 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1409640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Traditional observational studies exploring the association between air pollution and infections have been limited by small sample sizes and potential confounding factors. To address these limitations, we applied Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the potential causal relationships between particulate matter (PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10), nitrogen dioxide, and nitrogen oxide and the risks of infections. Methods Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to air pollution were selected from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the UK Biobank. Publicly available summary data for infections were obtained from the FinnGen Biobank and the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) meta-analysis was used as the primary method for obtaining the Mendelian randomization (MR) estimates. Complementary analyses were performed using the weighted median method, MR-Egger method, and MR Pleiotropy Residual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) test. Results The fixed-effect IVW estimate showed that PM2.5, PM2.5-10 and Nitrogen oxides were suggestively associated with COVID-19 [for PM2.5: IVW (fe): OR 3.573(1.218,5.288), PIVW(fe) = 0.021; for PM2.5-10: IVW (fe): OR 2.940(1.385,6.239), PIVW(fe) = 0.005; for Nitrogen oxides, IVW (fe): OR 1.898(1.318,2.472), PIVW(fe) = 0.010]. PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10, and Nitrogen oxides were suggestively associated with bacterial pneumonia [for PM2.5: IVW(fe): OR 1.720 (1.007, 2.937), PIVW(fe) = 0.047; for PM2.5-10: IVW(fe): OR 1.752 (1.111, 2.767), P IVW(fe) = 0.016; for PM10: IVW(fe): OR 2.097 (1.045, 4.208), PIVW(fe) = 0.037; for Nitrogen oxides, IVW(fe): OR 3.907 (1.209, 5.987), PIVW(fe) = 0.023]. Furthermore, Nitrogen dioxide was suggestively associated with the risk of acute upper respiratory infections, while all air pollution were not associated with intestinal infections. Conclusions Our results support a role of related air pollution in the Corona Virus Disease 2019, bacterial pneumonia and acute upper respiratory infections. More work is need for policy formulation to reduce the air pollution and the emission of toxic and of harmful gas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyi Yang
- Department of Infection Control, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tong Tong
- Department of Infection Control, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Infection Control, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenwei Li
- Department of Infection Control, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Infection Control, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaiwen Ni
- Department of Infection Control, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ushida H, Suzumura A, Yamada K, Shimizu H, Suzuki A, Ishikawa Y, Kikuchi R, Nishiguchi KM, Kaneko H. Decrease in electrolyte after vitrectomy surgery may affect the results of forensic investigations using vitreous humor. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:219. [PMID: 38783230 PMCID: PMC11118106 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03445-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitreous humor (VH) is used for postmortem biochemical studies because it is well protected in an uncontaminated state even after death. The goal of this research was to investigate electrolyte concentrations in the VH from human eyes with and without a history of vitrectomy surgery. METHODS We analyzed the sodium (Na), potassium (K), chloride (Cl) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations from 34 VH samples from 34 patients. Eleven samples were from eyes with a history of vitrectomy, and the remaining 23 eyes had no history of vitrectomy. The correlations of Na, K, Cl and Mg concentrations with patient age, interval between first and second vitrectomy, and lens status (history of cataract surgery) were also evaluated. RESULTS The Na, K, Cl and Mg concentrations in VH from vitrectomized eyes were 134.1 ± 7.9 mmol/L, 3.7 ± 0.2 mmol/L, 99.7 ± 6.7 mmol/L and 0.59 ± 0.09 mmol/L, respectively; all were significantly lower than the corresponding concentrations in VH from control eyes (lower by 5.0%, 11.0%, 11.7%, and 22.6%, respectively). Na, K, Cl and Mg concentrations in VH from vitrectomized eyes did not show significant correlations with patient ages or the interval between their first and second vitrectomies. There were no significant differences in Na, K, Cl and Mg concentrations in VH between phakic eyes and intraocular lens-implanted eyes. CONCLUSIONS With the increasing number of vitrectomies being performed, it is necessary to consider the history of vitrectomy when using a subject's VH in forensic examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ushida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, 466-8550, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ayana Suzumura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, 466-8550, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yamada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, 466-8550, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, 466-8550, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsuo Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, 466-8550, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, 466-8550, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kikuchi
- Division of Clinical Laboratory, Gifu University Hospital, 1-1 Yanagido, 501-1194, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Koji M Nishiguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, 466-8550, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kaneko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, 466-8550, Nagoya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yamada K, Tazaki A, Ushio-Watanabe N, Usui Y, Takeda A, Matsunaga M, Suzumura A, Shimizu H, Zheng H, Ariefta NR, Yamamoto M, Hara H, Goto H, Sonoda KH, Nishiguchi KM, Kato M, Nishikawa Y, Toyokuni S, Kaneko H. Retinal ferroptosis as a critical mechanism for the induction of retinochoroiditis during ocular toxoplasmosis. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102890. [PMID: 37738924 PMCID: PMC10519826 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a major infectious disease, affecting approximately one-third of the world's population; its main clinical manifestation, ocular toxoplasmosis (OT), is a severe sight-threatening disease. Nevertheless, the diagnosis of OT is based on clinical findings, which needs improvement, even with biochemical tests, such as polymerase chain reaction and antibody detections. Furthermore, the efficacy of OT-targeted treatment is limited; thus, additional measures for diagnosis and treatments are needed. Here, we for the first time report a significantly reduced iron concentration in the vitreous humor (VH) of human patients infected with OT. To obtain further insights into molecular mechanisms, we established a mouse model of T. gondii infection, in which intravitreally injected tracer 57Fe, was accumulated in the neurosensory retina. T. gondii-infected eyes showed increased lipid peroxidation, reduction of glutathione peroxidase-4 expression and mitochondrial deformity in the photoreceptor as cristae loss. These findings strongly suggest the involvement of ferroptotic process in the photoreceptor of OT. In addition, deferiprone, an FDA-approved iron chelator, reduced the iron uptake but also ameliorated toxoplasma-induced retinochoroiditis by reducing retinal inflammation. In conclusion, the iron levels in the VH could serve as diagnostic markers and iron chelators as potential treatments for OT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Yamada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Akira Tazaki
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Nanako Ushio-Watanabe
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiko Usui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Atsunobu Takeda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Matsunaga
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Ayana Suzumura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Shimizu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Nanang R Ariefta
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Hara
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Goto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Koji M Nishiguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Masashi Kato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Shinya Toyokuni
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan; Center for Low-Temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Kaneko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gast LV, Platt T, Nagel AM, Gerhalter T. Recent technical developments and clinical research applications of sodium ( 23Na) MRI. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 138-139:1-51. [PMID: 38065665 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Sodium is an essential ion that plays a central role in many physiological processes including the transmembrane electrochemical gradient and the maintenance of the body's homeostasis. Due to the crucial role of sodium in the human body, the sodium nucleus is a promising candidate for non-invasively assessing (patho-)physiological changes. Almost 10 years ago, Madelin et al. provided a comprehensive review of methods and applications of sodium (23Na) MRI (Madelin et al., 2014) [1]. More recent review articles have focused mainly on specific applications of 23Na MRI. For example, several articles covered 23Na MRI applications for diseases such as osteoarthritis (Zbyn et al., 2016, Zaric et al., 2020) [2,3], multiple sclerosis (Petracca et al., 2016, Huhn et al., 2019) [4,5] and brain tumors (Schepkin, 2016) [6], or for imaging certain organs such as the kidneys (Zollner et al., 2016) [7], the brain (Shah et al., 2016, Thulborn et al., 2018) [8,9], and the heart (Bottomley, 2016) [10]. Other articles have reviewed technical developments such as radiofrequency (RF) coils for 23Na MRI (Wiggins et al., 2016, Bangerter et al., 2016) [11,12], pulse sequences (Konstandin et al., 2014) [13], image reconstruction methods (Chen et al., 2021) [14], and interleaved/simultaneous imaging techniques (Lopez Kolkovsky et al., 2022) [15]. In addition, 23Na MRI topics have been covered in review articles with broader topics such as multinuclear MRI or ultra-high-field MRI (Niesporek et al., 2019, Hu et al., 2019, Ladd et al., 2018) [16-18]. During the past decade, various research groups have continued working on technical improvements to sodium MRI and have investigated its potential to serve as a diagnostic and prognostic tool. Clinical research applications of 23Na MRI have covered a broad spectrum of diseases, mainly focusing on the brain, cartilage, and skeletal muscle (see Fig. 1). In this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of methodological and hardware developments, as well as a review of various clinical research applications of sodium (23Na) MRI in the last decade (i.e., published from the beginning of 2013 to the end of 2022).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena V Gast
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Tanja Platt
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany; Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Teresa Gerhalter
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yin Y, Liu S, Liu H, Wu W. Nintedanib inhibits normal human vitreous-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human retinal pigment epithelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115403. [PMID: 37659204 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, we aim to investigate the potential of nintedanib as a therapeutic approach to proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), which is the leading cause of failure in retinal detachment repair. PVR is characterized by the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, and understanding the effects of nintedanib on EMT in the normal human vitreous (HV)-induced RPE cells is crucial. METHODS Our research focuses on assessing the impact of nintedanib on HV-induced EMT in human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells in vitro. We employed various techniques, including quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining, to evaluate the mRNA and protein expression of EMT biomarkers in HV-induced ARPE-19 cells. Additionally, we measured the proliferation of RPE cells using cell counting, CCK-8, and Ki-67 assays. Migration was assessed through wound healing and transwell migration assays, while contraction was determined using a collagen gel contraction assay. Morphological changes were examined using phase-contrast microscopy. RESULTS Our results demonstrate that nintedanib selectively attenuates the upregulation of mesenchymal markers in HV-induced ARPE-19 cells, at both the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, nintedanib effectively suppresses the HV-induced proliferation, migration, and contraction of ARPE-19 cells, while maintaining the cells' basal activity. These findings strongly suggest that nintedanib exhibits protective effects against EMT in ARPE-19 cells and could be a promising therapeutic option for PVR. CONCLUSIONS By elucidating the anti-EMT effects of nintedanib in HV-induced RPE cells, our study highlights the potential of this oral triple tyrosine kinase inhibitor in the treatment of PVR. These findings contribute to the growing body of research aimed at developing novel strategies to prevent and manage PVR, ultimately improving the success rates of retinal detachment repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Yin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China; Department of Pharmacy, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shikun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hanhan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Wenyi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Confalonieri F, Josifovska N, Boix-Lemonche G, Stene-Johansen I, Bragadottir R, Lumi X, Petrovski G. Vitreous Substitutes from Bench to the Operating Room in a Translational Approach: Review and Future Endeavors in Vitreoretinal Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3342. [PMID: 36834754 PMCID: PMC9961686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitreous substitutes are indispensable tools in vitreoretinal surgery. The two crucial functions of these substitutes are their ability to displace intravitreal fluid from the retinal surface and to allow the retina to adhere to the retinal pigment epithelium. Today, vitreoretinal surgeons can choose among a plethora of vitreous tamponades, and the tamponade of choice might be difficult to determine in the ever-expanding range of possibilities for a favorable outcome. The currently available vitreous substitutes have disadvantages that need to be addressed to improve the surgical outcome achievable today. Herein, the fundamental physical and chemical proprieties of all vitreous substitutes are reported, and their use and clinical applications are described alongside some surgical techniques of intra-operative manipulation. The major upcoming developments in vitreous substitutes are extensively discussed, keeping a translational perspective throughout. Conclusions on future perspectives are derived through an in-depth analysis of what is lacking today in terms of desired outcomes and biomaterials technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Confalonieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Natasha Josifovska
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerard Boix-Lemonche
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingar Stene-Johansen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnheidur Bragadottir
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Xhevat Lumi
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Goran Petrovski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Center for Eye Research and Innovative Diagnostics, Department of Ophthalmology, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Split School of Medicine and University Hospital Centre, 21000 Split, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Adlung A, Licht C, Reichert S, Özdemir S, Mohamed SA, Samartzi M, Fatar M, Gass A, Prost EN, Schad LR. Quantification of tissue sodium concentration in the ischemic stroke: A comparison between external and internal references for 23Na MRI. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 382:109721. [PMID: 36202191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Adlung
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany.
| | - Christian Licht
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Simon Reichert
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Safa Özdemir
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Sherif A Mohamed
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany; Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melina Samartzi
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim and Mannheim Center of Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Marc Fatar
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim and Mannheim Center of Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Achim Gass
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim and Mannheim Center of Translational Neurosciences (MCTN), Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Eva Neumaier Prost
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Lothar R Schad
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Recent Advances in Proteomics-Based Approaches to Studying Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314759. [PMID: 36499086 PMCID: PMC9735888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common ocular disease characterized by degeneration of the central area of the retina in the elderly population. Progression and response to treatment are influenced by genetic and non-genetic factors. Proteomics is a powerful tool to study, at the molecular level, the mechanisms underlying the progression of the disease, to identify new therapeutic targets and to establish biomarkers to monitor progression and treatment effectiveness. In this work, we systematically review the use of proteomics-based approaches for the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of AMD, as well as the progression of the disease and on-treatment patient monitoring. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) reporting guidelines were followed. Proteomic approaches have identified key players in the onset of the disease, such as complement components and proteins involved in lipid metabolism and oxidative stress, but also in the progression to advanced stages, including factors related to extracellular matrix integrity and angiogenesis. Although anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF)-based therapy has been crucial in the treatment of neovascular AMD, it is necessary to deepen our understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms to move forward to next-generation therapies for later-stage forms of this multifactorial disease.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zahraei A, Guo G, Varnava KG, Demarais NJ, Donaldson PJ, Grey AC. Mapping Glucose Uptake, Transport and Metabolism in the Bovine Lens Cortex. Front Physiol 2022; 13:901407. [PMID: 35711316 PMCID: PMC9194507 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.901407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To spatially correlate the pattern of glucose uptake to glucose transporter distributions in cultured lenses and map glucose metabolism in different lens regions. Methods: Ex vivo bovine lenses were incubated in artificial aqueous humour containing normoglycaemic stable isotopically-labelled (SIL) glucose (5 mM) for 5 min-20 h. Following incubations, lenses were frozen for subsequent matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) analysis using high resolution mass spectrometry. Manually dissected, SIL-incubated lenses were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to verify the identity of metabolites detected by MALDI-IMS. Normal, unincubated lenses were manually dissected into epithelium flat mounts and fibre cell fractions and then subjected to either gel-based proteomic analysis (Gel-LC/MS) to detect facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs) by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy of axial lens sections from unincubated fixed lenses labelled with primary antibodies specific for GLUT 1 or GLUT 3 were utilised for protein localisation. Results: SIL glucose uptake at 5 min was concentrated in the equatorial region of the lens. At later timepoints, glucose gradually distributed throughout the epithelium and the cortical lens fibres, and eventually the deeper lens nucleus. SIL glucose metabolites found in glycolysis, the sorbitol pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, and UDP-glucose formation were mapped to specific lens regions, with distinct regional signal changes up to 20 h of incubation. Spatial proteomic analysis of the lens epithelium detected GLUT1 and GLUT3. GLUT3 was in higher abundance than GLUT1 throughout the epithelium, while GLUT1 was more abundant in lens fibre cells. Immunohistochemical mapping localised GLUT1 to epithelial and cortical fibre cell membranes. Conclusion: The major uptake site of glucose in the bovine lens has been mapped to the lens equator. SIL glucose is rapidly metabolised in epithelial and fibre cells to many metabolites, which are most abundant in the metabolically more active cortical fibre cells in comparison to central fibres, with low levels of metabolic activity observed in the nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zahraei
- Department of Physiology in the School of Medical Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - George Guo
- Department of Physiology in the School of Medical Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand.,Mass Spectrometry Hub, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Kyriakos G Varnava
- Department of Physiology in the School of Medical Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand.,Mass Spectrometry Hub, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Demarais
- Mass Spectrometry Hub, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul J Donaldson
- Department of Physiology in the School of Medical Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Angus C Grey
- Department of Physiology in the School of Medical Sciences, Auckland, New Zealand.,Mass Spectrometry Hub, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ranade SV, Wieland MR, Tam T, Rea JC, Horvath J, Hieb AR, Jia W, Grace L, Barteselli G, Stewart JM. The Port Delivery System with ranibizumab: a new paradigm for long-acting retinal drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1326-1334. [PMID: 35499315 PMCID: PMC9067954 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2069301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Port Delivery System with ranibizumab (PDS) is an innovative intraocular drug delivery system designed for the continuous delivery of ranibizumab into the vitreous for 6 months and beyond. The PDS includes an ocular implant, a customized formulation of ranibizumab, and four dedicated ancillary devices for initial fill, surgical implantation, refill-exchange, and explantation, if clinically indicated. Ranibizumab is an ideal candidate for the PDS on account of its unique physicochemical stability and high solubility. Controlled release is achieved via passive diffusion through the porous release control element, which is tuned to specific drug characteristics to accomplish a therapeutic level of ranibizumab in the vitreous. To characterize drug release from the implant, release rate was measured in vitro with starting concentrations of ranibizumab 10, 40, and 100 mg/mL, with release of ranibizumab 40 and 100 mg/mL found to remain quantifiable after 6 months. Using a starting concentration of 100 mg/mL, active release rate at approximately 6 months was consistent after the initial fill and first, second, and third refills, demonstrating reproducibility between implants and between multiple refill-exchanges of the same implant. A refill-exchange performed with a single 100-µL stroke using the refill needle was shown to replace over 95% of the implant contents with fresh drug. In vitro data support the use of the PDS with fixed refill-exchange intervals of at least 6 months in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark R Wieland
- Northern California Retina Vitreous Associates, San Jose, CA, USA
| | - Tammy Tam
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Weitao Jia
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lori Grace
- Genentech, Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Jay M Stewart
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Injectable self-crosslinking hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid as vitreous substitutes. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:159-171. [PMID: 35301003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
After vitrectomy, the ideal vitreous substitute should be implanted to maintain the normal function of the eye. However, the existing materials (such as silicone oil, air, perfluorocarbons, etc.) still have some shortcomings and cannot fully meet the clinical needs. In this study, thiolated hyaluronic acid (SH-HA) was prepared based on hyaluronic acid. The SH-HA hydrogel was formed by a simple transformation of the sulfhydryl group to the disulfide bond, which had high transparency, controllable swelling property, suitable mechanical strength, excellent biocompatibility and similar physical and chemical properties to natural vitreous. SH-HA hydrogel was filled into the eyes of experimental rabbits to replace their own vitreous after vitrectomy. During the 90 days follow-up period, SH-HA hydrogel showed excellent intraocular compatibility, maintained normal intraocular pressure (IOP), and no cataract, endophthalmitis, retinal detachment and other complications were observed. In general, SH-HA hydrogel has great potential as a vitreous substitute.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ju Y, Dai X, Tang Z, Ming Z, Ni N, Zhu D, Zhang J, Ma B, Wang J, Huang R, Zhao S, Pang Y, Gu P. Verteporfin-mediated on/off photoswitching functions synergistically to treat choroidal vascular diseases. Bioact Mater 2022; 14:402-415. [PMID: 35386820 PMCID: PMC8964818 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Choroidal vascular diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, are the leading cause of vision impairment and are characterized by pathological angiogenesis. Verteporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy is a current strategy that selectively occludes choroidal neovasculature. However, the clinically used large-dose systemic administration increases the risk of systemic adverse events, such as phototoxicity to superficial tissues. In this study, we developed an in situ verteporfin delivery system with a photoswitching synergistic function that disassembles in response to intraocular inflammatory enzymes. Under light-on conditions, verteporfin-mediated photodynamic therapy effectively occurs and this leads to vascular occlusion. Under light-off conditions, non-photoactive verteporfin negatively regulates vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis as a yes-associated protein inhibitor. Taken together, our system serves as an intraocular verteporfin reservoir to improve the bioavailability of verteporfin by innovatively exploiting its photochemical and biological functions. This work provides a promising strategy with synergistic antiangiogenic effects for the treatment of choroidal vascular diseases. For the first time, an intraocular verteporfin delivery system with on/off photoswitching synergistic functions is reported. VP-TGMS with light-on effectively leads to occlusion of choroidal pathological neovascularization via photodynamic mechanism. VP-TGMS with light-off significantly suppresses VEGF-induced angiogenesis via YAP signaling inhibition. This study provides a promising strategy for the treatment of choroidal vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Xiaochan Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Zhimin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Zunzhen Ming
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Ni Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Dongqing Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Bo Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Siyu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
| | - Yan Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Corresponding author. 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, PR China
- Corresponding author. 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xue CC, Cui J, Zhu XB, Xu J, Zhang C, Chen DN, Wang YX, Jonas JB. Serum Sodium Concentration and Increased Risk for Primary Epiretinal Membrane. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:770362. [PMID: 35004738 PMCID: PMC8739264 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.770362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To examine the prevalence of primary epiretinal membranes (ERMs) and associated systemic factors. Methods: The cross-sectional, community-based Tongren Health Care Study enrolled participants who received regular health examinations in the Beijing Tongren Hospital from 2017 to 2019. Using fundus photographs, retinal specialists assessed the presence of ERMs and their systemic associations. Results: Primary ERMs were detected in 841/22820 individuals, with a prevalence of 3.7% [95% confidence intervals (CI): 3.4–3.9%] in the total study population (mean age: 44.5 ± 13.8 years) and 6.5% (95% CI: 6.1–7.0%) in individuals aged 40+ years. In multivariable analysis, a higher ERMs prevalence was associated with older age [odds ratio (OR): 1.10; P < 0.001], higher serum cholesterol concentration (OR: 1.14; P = 0.003) and higher serum sodium concentration (SSC) (OR: 1.12; P < 0.001). In women, a higher SSC, even within the normal range, was associated with an increased risk of ERMs (OR: 1.19; P < 0.001). Female participants with an SSC of 144–145mmol/L as compared with those with an SSC of 135–137 mmol/L had a 5-fold increased odds of having ERMs (All women: OR: 5.33; P < 0.001; Women aged 40+years: OR: 4.63; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Besides older age and higher serum cholesterol concentration, a higher SSC, even if within the normal range, was independently associated with a higher ERM prevalence in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Can Can Xue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Physical Examination, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Bo Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Ning Chen
- Department of Physical Examination, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Medical Faculty Mannheim, Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Clinical and Scientific Ophthalmology and Acupuncture Jonas & Panda, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ankamah E, Green-Gomez M, Roche W, Ng E, Welge-Lüßen U, Kaercher T, Nolan JM. Dietary Intervention With a Targeted Micronutrient Formulation Reduces the Visual Discomfort Associated With Vitreous Degeneration. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:19. [PMID: 34647961 PMCID: PMC8525826 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.12.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the impact of supplementation with a targeted micronutrient formulation on the visual discomfort associated with vitreous degeneration. Methods In this clinical trial, 61 patients with symptomatic vitreous floaters were randomized to consume daily, the active supplement consisting of 125 mg L-lysine, 40 mg vitamin C, 26.3 mg Vitis vinifera extract, 5 mg zinc, and 100 mg Citrus aurantium or placebo for 6 months. Change in visual discomfort from floaters, assessed with the Floater Disturbance Questionnaire, was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity, letter contrast sensitivity, photopic functional contrast sensitivity with positive and negative contrast polarity, and quantitative vitreous opacity areas. Results After supplementation, the active group reported a significant decrease in their visual discomfort from floaters (P < 0.001), whereas the placebo group had no significant change in their visual discomfort (P = 0.416). At 6 months, there was a significant decrease in vitreous opacity areas in the active group (P < 0.001) and an insignificant increase in vitreous opacity areas in the placebo group (P = 0.081). Also, there was a significant improvement in photopic functional contrast sensitivity with positive contrast polarity in the active group after supplementation (P = 0.047). Conclusions The findings of this study indicate improvements in vision-related quality of life and visual function of patients suffering from vitreous floaters after supplementation with a formulation of antioxidative and antiglycation micronutrients. Notably, these improvements were confirmed by the decrease in vitreous opacity areas in the active group. Translational Relevance This targeted dietary intervention should be considered to support patients with symptomatic vitreous degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ankamah
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Marina Green-Gomez
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Warren Roche
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Eugene Ng
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland.,Institute of Eye Surgery, UPMC Whitfield, Buttlerstown, County Waterford, Ireland
| | | | | | - John M Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Waterford, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hostiuc S, Negoi I, Hostiuc M. Markers of hyperglycemia in the vitreous humor. A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Forensic Leg Med 2021; 83:102250. [PMID: 34488176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitreous humor has been extensively used in forensic practice to assess hyperglycemia after death. The results from different articles, for various hyperglycemia markers are highly variable, and a systematic analysis of the results from studies currently used in forensic practice as landmarks has not yet been performed. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate to usefulness and limits of using the values of vitreous glucose, lactic acid, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and 1,5 Anhydro-d-glucitol to detect postmortem hyperglycemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose, we performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis using the random-effects model to identify the threshold values and average differences for the markers mentioned above in the vitreous humor of diabetic versus nondiabetic subjects. RESULTS We included eleven studies in the meta-analysis and found the following mean differences between the diabetic and nondiabetic groups: for glucose - 91.4 mg/dl, for lactate - 34.17 mg/dl, for the Traub formula - 111 mg/dl, for fructosamine - 0.71 mmol/L, for beta-hydroxybutyrate - 36.55 mg/dl and 1,5 Anhydro-d-glucitol - -15.2 mg/dl. We also gave practical recommendations, based on the range of values and 95% confidence intervals in normal subjects and controls to identify antemortem hyperglycemia and evaluated, whenever possible, threshold values for fatal diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Glucose, Traub formula, fructosamine, and beta-hydroxy-butyrate can be used to detect postmortem hyperglycemia with some limitations; 1,5 Anhydro-d-glucitol can only be used to suggest the absence of a hyperglycemic status before death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Hostiuc
- Prof, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Dept. of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, 042122, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Ionut Negoi
- Assoc.Prof, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Surgery, 020021, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mihaela Hostiuc
- Lecturer Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021, Faculty of Medicine, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Bucharest, Romania.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ave MT, Ordóñez-Mayán L, Camiña M, Febrero-Bande M, Muñoz-Barús JI. Estimation of the post-mortem interval: Effect of storage conditions on the determination of vitreous humour [K +]. Sci Justice 2021; 61:597-602. [PMID: 34482940 DOI: 10.1016/j.scijus.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Obtaining a reliable estimate of the post-mortem interval (PMI) has been a long-running challenge in forensic medicine. Several more or less successful techniques for making such estimates have been developed, but in recent years important advances have been made thanks to the detailed study of the relationship between the PMI and the analytes - in particular K+ - of the vitreous humour (VH). The extraction and pre-treatment of VH samples has been standardized, the influence of certain environmental factors on analytical results has been quantified, and some of the circumstances under which techniques become unreliable have been identified. The present work examines how the conditions to which VH samples are subject in routine practice may alter the results of their analysis. Exposure to light and ambient temperature was found to alter the values returned in determinations of VH [K+], [Na+] and [Cl-], while exposure to several freezing/thawing cycles (even with final heating) led to no significant modifications in determinations of VH [K+] and [Na+]. It is recommended that if analysis has to be delayed, VH should be frozen for storage in a refrigerator before bringing to room temperature for processing. It is also recommended that samples not be exposed to ambient light and temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro T Ave
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Pathology, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Pediatrics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía Ordóñez-Mayán
- Department of Psychiatry, Radiology, Public Health, Nursing and Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Institute of Forensic Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mercedes Camiña
- Department of Fisiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Febrero-Bande
- Department of Statistics, Mathematical Analysis and Optimization, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Ignacio Muñoz-Barús
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Pathology, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Pediatrics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Department of Statistics, Mathematical Analysis and Optimization, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Comparisons of Vitreal Angiogenic, Inflammatory, Profibrotic Cytokines, and Chemokines Profile between Patients with Epiretinal Membrane and Macular Hole. J Ophthalmol 2021; 2021:9947250. [PMID: 34336263 PMCID: PMC8294982 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9947250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) or idiopathic macular hole (iMH) is frequently used as a “healthy” control in comparison of vitreous cytokines with other vitreoretinal diseases. This study aimed to investigate if there is a difference in vitreal cytokines expression between patients with iERM and iMH. Methods In this prospective study, all subjects received standard pars plana vitrectomy surgery, and 0.5 ml of native vitreous sample was extracted during the vitrectomy. Luminex technology and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to profile the concentration of 52 classic angiogenic, inflammatory, and profibrotic cytokines and chemokines. Statistical analyses were performed by the Mann–Whitney U test, followed by multiple comparisons by the Bonferroni correction. Results Vitreal samples from 13 iERM and 24 iMH were studied. Of the 52 tested cytokines, 41 were similar in expression, and 5 were under the detection limit, while 6 cytokines (MMP-8, Eotaxin, MIP-1a, RANTES, TGF-β2, and IL-4) were differently expressed between two groups (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, these significances disappeared after the adjustment of Bonferroni correction. Conclusion The tested cytokines showed similar expression between iERM and iMH patients. This indicates that eyes with iERM or iMH can be together served as “healthy” controls.
Collapse
|
24
|
Mohamed SA, Herrmann K, Adlung A, Paschke N, Hausner L, FrÖlich L, Schad L, Groden C, Kerl HU. Evaluation of Sodium ( 23Na) MR-imaging as a Biomarker and Predictor for Neurodegenerative Changes in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease. In Vivo 2021; 35:429-435. [PMID: 33402493 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Sodium (23Na) MR imaging is a noninvasive MRI technique that has been shown to be sensitive to visualize biochemical information about tissue viability, their cell integrity, and cell function in various studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in regional brain 23Na signal intensity between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and healthy controls to preliminarily evaluate the capability of 23Na imaging as a biomarker for AD. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 14 patients diagnosed with AD were included: 12 in the state of dementia and 2 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 12 healthy controls (HC); they were all scanned on a 3T clinical scanner with a double tuned 1H/23Na birdcage head coil. After normalizing the signal intensity with that of the vitreous humor, relative tissue sodium concentration (rTSC) was measured after automated segmentation in the hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, white matter (WM) and grey matter (GM) in both cerebral hemispheres. RESULTS Patients with AD showed a significant increase in rTSC in comparison to healthy controls in the following brain regions: WM 13.6%; p=0.007, hippocampus 12.9%; p=0.003, amygdala 18.9%; p=0.0007. CONCLUSION 23Na-MRI has the potential to be developed as a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A Mohamed
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Katrin Herrmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Adlung
- Department of Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nadia Paschke
- Department of Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lucrezia Hausner
- Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lutz FrÖlich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lothar Schad
- Department of Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Groden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans Ulrich Kerl
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang T, Ran R, Ma Y, Zhang M. Polymeric hydrogel as a vitreous substitute: current research, challenges, and future directions. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34038870 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac058e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitreoretinal surgery is an essential approach to treat proliferative diabetic vitreopathy, retinal detachment, retinal tear, ocular trauma, and macular holes. The removal of the natural vitreous and the replacement with substitutes are critical steps for retina reattachment. Vitreous substitutes including silicone oil (SiO), air, sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and perfluoropropane (C3F8), have been widely applied in clinical practice. However, these substitutes are reported to cause complications such as emulsification, high intraocular pressure, and lens opacification. Polymeric hydrogels are a kind of material with favorable physical, mechanical properties, and adaptable biocompatibility, thus being highly expected to be ideal vitreous substitutes. Despite years of research, very few polymeric hydrogels can be applied practically in the vitreous cavity. In this review, we focus on the development of polymeric natural-based hydrogels and synthetic hydrogels. Particularly, we pay attention to recent advances in the novel stimuli-response and self-assembly supramolecular hydrogels. Characterized by easy injectability and long residence time, this kind of hydrogel becomes the potentially promising candidates for ideal vitreous substitutes. Finally, we evaluate the current challenges and provide the future directions of vitreous substitutes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.,West China School of Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijin Ran
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.,Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
A Mohamed S, Adlung A, Ruder AM, Hoesl MAU, Schad L, Groden C, Giordano FA, Neumaier-Probst E. MRI Detection of Changes in Tissue Sodium Concentration in Brain Metastases after Stereotactic Radiosurgery: A Feasibility Study. J Neuroimaging 2020; 31:297-305. [PMID: 33351997 DOI: 10.1111/jon.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To date, treatment response to stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in brain metastases (BM) can only be determined by MRI evaluation of contrast-enhancing lesions in a long-time follow-up. Sodium MRI has been a subject of immense interest in imaging research as the measure of tissue sodium concentration (TSC) can give valuable quantitative information on cell viability. We aimed to analyze the longitudinal changes of TSC in BM measured with 23 Na MRI before and after SRS for assessment of early local tumor effects. METHODS Seven patients with a total of 12 previously untreated BM underwent SRS with 22 Gy. In addition to a standard MRI protocol including dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion, a 23 Na MRI was performed at three time points: (I) 2 days before, (II) 5 days, and (III) 40 days after SRS. Nine BMs were evaluated. The absolute TSC in the BM, the respective peritumoral edemas, and the normal-appearing corresponding contralateral brain area were assessed and the relative TSC were correlated to the changes in BM longest axial diameters. RESULTS TSC was elevated in nine BM at baseline before SRS with a mean of 73.4 ± 12.3 mM. A further increase in TSC was observed 5 days after SRS in all the nine BM with a mean of 86.9 ± 13 mM. Eight of nine BM showed a mean 60.6 ± 13.3% decrease in the longest axial diameter 40 days after SRS; at this time point, the TSC also had decreased to a mean 65.1 ± 7.9 mM. In contrast, one of the nine BM had a 13.4% increase in the largest axial diameter at time point III. The TSC of this BM showed a further TSC increase of 80.1 mM 40 days after SRS. CONCLUSION Changes in TSC using 23 Na MRI shows the possible capability to detect radiobiological changes in BM after SRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A Mohamed
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Adlung
- Department of Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arne M Ruder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michaela A U Hoesl
- Department of Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lothar Schad
- Department of Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christoph Groden
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frank A Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Neumaier-Probst
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yadav I, Purohit SD, Singh H, Bhushan S, Yadav MK, Velpandian T, Chawla R, Hazra S, Mishra NC. Vitreous substitutes: An overview of the properties, importance, and development. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2020; 109:1156-1176. [PMID: 33319466 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Vitreous or vitreous humor is a complex transparent gel that fills the space between the lens and retina of an eye and acts as a transparent medium that allows light to pass through it to reach the photoreceptor layer (retina) of the eye. The vitreous humor is removed in ocular surgery (vitrectomy) for pathologies like retinal detachment, macular hole, diabetes-related vitreous hemorrhage detachment, and ocular trauma. Since the vitreous is not actively regenerated or replenished, there is a need for a vitreous substitute to fill the vitreous cavity to provide a temporary or permanent tamponade to the retina following some vitreoretinal surgeries. An ideal vitreous substitute could probably be left inside the eye forever. The vitreous humor is transparent, biocompatible, viscoelastic and highly hydrophilic; polymeric hydrogels with these properties can be a potential candidate to be used as vitreous substitutes. To meet the tremendous demand for the vitreous substitute, many scientists all over the world have developed various kinds of vitreous substitutes or tamponade agent. Vitreous substitutes, whatsoever developed till date, are associated with several advantages and disadvantages, and there is no ideal vitreous substitute available till date. This review highlights the polymer-based vitreous substitutes developed so far, along with their advantages and limitations. The gas-based and oil-based substitutes have also been discussed but very briefly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indu Yadav
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Shiv Dutt Purohit
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Hemant Singh
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Sakchi Bhushan
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Yadav
- School of Computing and Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India
| | - Thirumurthy Velpandian
- Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohan Chawla
- Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Saugata Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Narayan Chandra Mishra
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mihailović Z, Popović V, Durmic T, Milošević M, Soldatović I, Radnić B, Atanasijević T. The significance of post-mortem vitreous calcium concentration in forensic practice. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2020; 47:101779. [PMID: 32919341 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Calcium, as one of the main extracellular ions, maintains a key role in numerous biologic functions. For forensic purposes, it was analyzed mostly for estimation of postmortem interval (PMI). We have designed our experiment with the concept that the repetitive withdrawal of vitreous humor (VH) might clarify the postmortem metabolism of calcium in greater detail to estimate the PMI. Accordingly, 248 samples of VH from 31 autopsy cases were evaluated over three years; samples (0,1 mL of VH) were taken and analyzed at equal time intervals after death-every three hours until 24 h after death. Each sample was centrifuged and analyzed using the ARCHITECT C SYSTEM 8000. Moreover, functional relationship between PMI and calcium concentration was established: PMI (hours) = [Ca2+] × 13.696-7.843. Although the concentration of calcium in VH in the analyzed group increases with time, the coefficient of variation for the regression (CVreg = 46.8%) indicates that this correlation is not so strong, meaning that the level of predictiveness of calcium for estimation of time since death is poor when is not used in combination with other relevant substances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoran Mihailović
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vesna Popović
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tijana Durmic
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Miroslav Milošević
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Priština (Kosovska Mitrovica), Serbia
| | - Ivan Soldatović
- Institute for Medical Statistics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojana Radnić
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Atanasijević
- Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Schnepf A, Yappert MC, Borchman D. In-vitro and ex-situ regional mass spectral analysis of phospholipids and glucose in the vitreous humor from diabetic and non-diabetic human donors. Exp Eye Res 2020; 200:108221. [PMID: 32919990 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The causes of vitreous humor (VH) liquefaction remain unclear. Diabetes accelerates this process and other ocular diseases. The weakening of the blood-retina barrier observed with diabetes could enhance the rate of transfer of relatively small molecules such as glucose (Glu) and phospholipids (PLs) from the retina to the VH. Glucose and PLs have been detected previously in VH but their regional distributions are not known. The mapping of Glu and PLs in VHs from subjects with and without diabetes could reveal the roles of these molecules in VH liquefaction. Diabetic and non-diabetic human eyes were acquired from the Kentucky Lions Eye Bank and frozen immediately. Each VH was removed and halved along the sagittal plane. One half was stamped on a matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) plate. Either p-Nitroanaline (26 mg/mL MeOH:CHCl3) or 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (20 mg/mL H2O:acetonitrile) was used as matrix. Glu and PLs were extracted from the remaining sections and analyzed. Data were acquired using a MALDI-mass spectrometer. The levels of Glu and PLs were significantly greater in VH from diabetics (VHd) compared with VH from non-diabetics (VHnd). VHds showed the highest relative levels of PLs in the posterior VH, followed by the anterior and central regions. Throughout the entire VH, the most abundant PLs were phosphatidylcholines followed by sphingomyelins. For Glu, the relative intensities were ~3 times higher in the posterior region of VHd (12 ± 1.3) compared with VHnd (6.5 ± 0.7) VHs. Regional studies showed that relative to the posterior VHd, the Glu levels were lower in the anterior (8.1 ± 1.0) and central (6.7 ± 0.8) regions. For the VHnds, the values for the central and anterior regions were 5.9 ± 1.2 and 4.7 ± 0.9, respectively. PLs and Glu are most abundant in the posterior region relative to the central and anterior zones of VHs. This trend was observed in VHd and VHnd, but PLs and Glu levels were significantly higher in VHds. These results support the possibility that higher levels of Glu and PLs accelerate VH liquefaction in diabetic patients. As liquefaction begins in the posterior region, the higher abundance of PLs and Glu in this zone also suggests that they may play a role in liquefaction. The specific molecular interactions affected by Glu and PLs in the collagen/hyaluronan/water network need to be examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Schnepf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | | | - Douglas Borchman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sebag J. Vitreous and Vision Degrading Myodesopsia. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 79:100847. [PMID: 32151758 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecules comprise only 2% of vitreous, yet are responsible for its gel state, transparency, and physiologic function(s) within the eye. Myopia and aging alter collagen and hyaluronan association causing concurrent gel liquefaction and fibrous degeneration. The resulting vitreous opacities and collapse of the vitreous body during posterior vitreous detachment are the most common causes for the visual phenomenon of vitreous floaters. Previously considered innocuous, the vitreous opacities that cause floaters sometimes impact vision by profoundly degrading contrast sensitivity function and impairing quality-of-life. While many people adapt to vitreous floaters, clinically significant cases can be diagnosed with Vision Degrading Myodesopsia based upon echographic assessment of vitreous structure and by measuring contrast sensitivity function. Perhaps due to the ubiquity of floaters, the medical profession has to date largely ignored the plight of those with Vision Degrading Myodesopsia. Improved diagnostics will enable better disease staging and more accurate identification of severe cases that merit therapy. YAG laser treatments may occasionally be slightly effective, but vitrectomy is currently the definitive cure. Future developments will usher in more informative diagnostic approaches as well as safer and more effective therapeutic strategies. Improved laser treatments, new pharmacotherapies, and possibly non-invasive optical corrections are exciting new approaches to pursue. Ultimately, enhanced understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of Vision Degrading Myodesopsia should result in prevention, the ultimate goal of modern Medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Sebag
- VMR Institute for Vitreous Macula Retina, Huntington Beach, CA, USA; Doheny Eye Institute, Pasadena, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pigaiani N, Bertaso A, De Palo EF, Bortolotti F, Tagliaro F. Vitreous humor endogenous compounds analysis for post-mortem forensic investigation. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 310:110235. [PMID: 32169668 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The chemical and biochemical analysis of bodily fluids after death is an important thanatochemical approach to assess the cause and time since death. Vitreous humor (VH) has been used as a biofluid for forensic purposes since the 1960s. Due to its established relevance in toxicology, a literature review highlighting the use of VH with an emphasis on endogenous compounds has not yet been undertaken. VH is a chemically complex aqueous solution of carbohydrates, proteins, electrolytes and other small molecules present in living organisms; this biofluid is useful tool for its isolated environment, preserved from bacterial contamination, decomposition, autolysis, and metabolic reactions. The post-mortem analysis of VH provides an important tool for the estimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI), which can be helpful in determining the cause of death. Consequently, the present review evaluates the recent chemical and biochemical advances with particular importance on the endogenous compounds present at the time of death and their modification over time, which are valuable for the PMI prediction and to identify the cause of death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Pigaiani
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health - Unit of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona, Italy.
| | - Anna Bertaso
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health - Unit of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona, Italy.
| | - Elio Franco De Palo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health - Unit of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Bortolotti
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health - Unit of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona, Italy
| | - Franco Tagliaro
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health - Unit of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, Verona, Italy; Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Schuster J, Koulov A, Mahler HC, Detampel P, Huwyler J, Singh S, Mathaes R. In Vivo Stability of Therapeutic Proteins. Pharm Res 2020; 37:23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2689-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
33
|
Ankamah E, Sebag J, Ng E, Nolan JM. Vitreous Antioxidants, Degeneration, and Vitreo-Retinopathy: Exploring the Links. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 9:antiox9010007. [PMID: 31861871 PMCID: PMC7022282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transparent vitreous body, which occupies about 80% of the eye’s volume, is laden with numerous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants that could protect the eye from oxidative stress and disease. Aging is associated with degeneration of vitreous structure as well as a reduction in its antioxidant capacity. A growing body of evidence suggests these age-related changes may be the precursor of numerous oxidative stress-induced vitreo-retinopathies, including vision degrading myodesopsia, the clinically significant entoptic phenomena that can result from advanced vitreous degeneration. Adequate intravitreal antioxidant levels may be protective against vitreous degeneration, possibly preventing and even improving vision degrading myodesopsia as well as mitigating various other vitreo-retinopathies. The present article is, therefore, a review of the different antioxidant molecules within vitreous and the inter-relationships between vitreous antioxidant capacity and degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ankamah
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Co., X91 K236 Waterford, Ireland;
- Institute of Eye Surgery, UPMC Whitfield, Buttlerstown, Co., X91 DH9W Waterford, Ireland
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (J.M.N.)
| | - J. Sebag
- VMR Consulting Inc., Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA;
| | - Eugene Ng
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Co., X91 K236 Waterford, Ireland;
- Institute of Eye Surgery, UPMC Whitfield, Buttlerstown, Co., X91 DH9W Waterford, Ireland
| | - John M. Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, West Campus, Co., X91 K236 Waterford, Ireland;
- Correspondence: (E.A.); (J.M.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
García-Callejo FJ, Martínez Expósito F, Pallarés Martí B, Rubio Fernández A, Oishi N, Alba García JR. False positive for β2-transferrin in rhinorrhoea. Ocular trauma. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2019; 94:619-621. [PMID: 31311689 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ocular perforations require an action depending on the findings observed. Additionally, the closeness of the orbit to the nasal cavity and the anterior cranial fossa requires any collateral damage in these spaces to be ruled out. The presence of a penetrating ocular injury associated with ipsilateral rhinorrhoea in which the presence of β2-transferrin -a highly specific and sensitive marker to identify cerebrospinal fluid- is detected, obliges to suspect and locate any possible leakage. A case is presented in which this unbound protein is detected in post-traumatic rhinorrhoea with an origin in the eyeball, making the diagnosis of a CSF leak into a false positive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F J García-Callejo
- Servicio de ORL, Consorcio-Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, España.
| | - F Martínez Expósito
- Servicio de ORL, Consorcio-Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - B Pallarés Martí
- Servicio de ORL, Consorcio-Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - A Rubio Fernández
- Servicio de ORL, Consorcio-Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - N Oishi
- Servicio de ORL, Consorcio-Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - J R Alba García
- Servicio de ORL, Consorcio-Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, España
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mieno H, Marunaka Y, Inaba T, Kojima K, Yoneda K, Nagata K, Sotozono C. pH balance and lactic acid increase in the vitreous body of diabetes mellitus patients. Exp Eye Res 2019; 188:107789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
36
|
Negro Silva LF, Li C, de Seadi Pereira PJB, Tan W, Dubuc-Mageau M, Sanfacon A, Forster R, Tavcar R, Makin A, Authier S. Biochemical and Electroretinographic Characterization of the Minipig Eye in the Context of Drug Safety Investigations. Int J Toxicol 2019; 38:415-422. [PMID: 31470746 DOI: 10.1177/1091581819867929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Minipigs are an emerging nonrodent alternative for ocular toxicology owing to anatomical similarities in the minipig eyes when compared to humans. Ocular structures and components from Göttingen minipigs were characterized and compared to species commonly used in toxicology. Ocular reference data from Göttingen minipig including intraocular pressure, vitreous electrolyte and thiol concentration, and electroretinography (ERG) data are essential to model characterization and data interpretation during drug safety assessments. Intravitreal positive control agents including gentamicin, indocyanine green, and glycine were used to demonstrate ERG alterations caused by retinal cell toxicity, light transmission obstruction, or neurotransmission interferences, respectively. Electrolyte concentrations of the aqueous and vitreous humors from Göttingen minipigs were similar to other species including humans. The reference data presented herein supports the use of the Göttingen minipig as an alternate nonrodent species in ocular toxicology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Li
- Citoxlab North America, a Charles River Company, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Wendy Tan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michelle Dubuc-Mageau
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Audrey Sanfacon
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roy Forster
- Citoxlab France, a Charles River Company, Evreux, France
| | - Robert Tavcar
- Citoxlab North America, a Charles River Company, Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andy Makin
- Citoxlab Denmark, a Charles River Company, Ejby, Denmark
| | - Simon Authier
- Citoxlab North America, a Charles River Company, Laval, Quebec, Canada.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Benton AH, Jackson MD, Wong SM, Dees JL, Akerley BJ, Marquart ME. A Transcriptional Activator of Ascorbic Acid Transport in Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Required for Optimal Growth in Endophthalmitis in a Strain-Dependent Manner. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090290. [PMID: 31450542 PMCID: PMC6780617 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is among the top causes of bacterial endophthalmitis, an infectious disease of the intraocular fluids. The mechanisms by which S. pneumoniae grows and thrives in the intraocular cavity are not well understood. We used a bacterial genome-wide assessment tool (transposon insertion site sequencing) to determine genes essential for S. pneumoniae growth in vitreous humor. The results indicated that an ascorbic acid (AA) transport system subunit was important for growth. We created an isogenic gene deletion mutant of the AA transcriptional activator, ulaR2, in 2 strains of S. pneumoniae. Growth curve analysis indicated that ulaR2 deletion caused attenuated growth in vitro for both strains. However, in vivo vitreous humor infection in rabbits with either strain determined that ulaR2 was necessary for growth in one strain but not the other. These results demonstrate that ulaR2 may be important for fitness during S. pneumoniae endophthalmitis depending on the background of the strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela H Benton
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Current affiliation: Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | | | - Sandy M Wong
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Justine L Dees
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Brian J Akerley
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Mary E Marquart
- University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nawaz IM, Rezzola S, Cancarini A, Russo A, Costagliola C, Semeraro F, Presta M. Human vitreous in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: Characterization and translational implications. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 72:100756. [PMID: 30951889 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in the working-age population. DR is a progressive eye disease caused by long-term accumulation of hyperglycaemia-mediated pathological alterations in the retina of diabetic patients. DR begins with asymptomatic retinal abnormalities and may progress to advanced-stage proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), characterized by neovascularization or preretinal/vitreous haemorrhages. The vitreous, a transparent gel that fills the posterior cavity of the eye, plays a vital role in maintaining ocular function. Structural and molecular alterations of the vitreous, observed during DR progression, are consequences of metabolic and functional modifications of the retinal tissue. Thus, vitreal alterations reflect the pathological events occurring at the vitreoretinal interface. These events are caused by hypoxic, oxidative, inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and leukostatic conditions that occur during diabetes. Conversely, PDR vitreous can exert pathological effects on the diabetic retina, resulting in activation of a vicious cycle that contributes to disease progression. In this review, we recapitulate the major pathological features of DR/PDR, and focus on the structural and molecular changes that characterize the vitreal structure and composition during DR and progression to PDR. In PDR, vitreous represents a reservoir of pathological signalling molecules. Therefore, in this review we discuss how studying the biological activity of the vitreous in different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental models can provide insights into the pathogenesis of PDR. In addition, the vitreous from PDR patients can represent a novel tool to obtain preclinical experimental evidences for the development and characterization of new therapeutic drug candidates for PDR therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz M Nawaz
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Cancarini
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Russo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Ciro Costagliola
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | | | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shatz W, Aaronson J, Yohe S, Kelley RF, Kalia YN. Strategies for modifying drug residence time and ocular bioavailability to decrease treatment frequency for back of the eye diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 16:43-57. [PMID: 30488721 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1553953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treating posterior eye diseases has become a major area of focus for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Current standard of care for treating posterior eye diseases relies on administration via intravitreal injection. Although effective, this is not without complications and there is great incentive to develop longer-acting therapeutics and/or sustained release delivery systems. Here, we present an overview of emerging technologies for delivery of biologics to the back of the eye. AREAS COVERED Posterior eye diseases, intravitreal injection, age-related macular degeneration, anti-VEGF, ocular pharmacokinetics, novel technologies to extend half-life, in vivo models, translation to the clinic, and hurdles to effective patient care. EXPERT OPINION Posterior eye diseases are a worldwide public health issue. Although anti-VEGF molecules represent a major advance for treating diseases involving choroidal neovascularization, frequent injection can be burdensome for patients and clinicians. There is a need for effective and patient-friendly treatments for posterior eye diseases. Many technologies that enable long-acting delivery to the back of the eye are being evaluated. However, successful development of novel therapies and delivery technologies is hampered by a multitude of factors, including patient education, translatability of in vitro/in vivo preclinical data to the clinic, and regulatory challenges associated with novel technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Shatz
- a Department of Protein Chemistry , Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA.,b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Geneva & University of Lausanne , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - Jeffrey Aaronson
- c Department of Drug Delivery , Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Stefan Yohe
- c Department of Drug Delivery , Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Robert F Kelley
- c Department of Drug Delivery , Genentech , South San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Yogeshvar N Kalia
- b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Geneva & University of Lausanne , Geneva , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Grover H, Qian Y, Boada FE, Lakshmanan K, Flanagan S, Lui YW. MRI Evidence of Altered Callosal Sodium in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:2200-2204. [PMID: 30498019 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Mild traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide with 42 million cases reported annually, increasing the need to understand the underlying pathophysiology because this could help guide the development of targeted therapy. White matter, particularly the corpus callosum, is susceptible to injury. Animal models suggest stretch-induced mechanoporation of the axonal membrane resulting in ionic shifts and altered sodium ion distribution. The purpose of this study was to compare the distribution of total sodium concentration in the corpus callosum between patients with mild traumatic brain injury and controls using sodium (23Na) MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven patients with a history of mild traumatic brain injury and 10 age- and sex-matched controls underwent sodium (23Na) MR imaging using a 3T scanner. Total sodium concentration was measured in the genu, body, and splenium of the corpus callosum with 5-mm ROIs; total sodium concentration of the genu-to-splenium ratio was calculated and compared between patients and controls. RESULTS Higher total sodium concentration in the genu (49.28 versus 43.29 mmol/L, P = .01) and lower total sodium concentration in the splenium (which was not statistically significant; 38.35 versus 44.06 mmol/L, P = .08) was seen in patients with mild traumatic brain injury compared with controls. The ratio of genu total sodium concentration to splenium total sodium concentration was also higher in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (1.3 versus 1.01, P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Complex differences are seen in callosal total sodium concentration in symptomatic patients with mild traumatic brain injury, supporting the notion of ionic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of mild traumatic brain injury. The total sodium concentration appears to be altered beyond the immediate postinjury phase, and further work is needed to understand the relationship to persistent symptoms and outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Grover
- From the New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Y Qian
- From the New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - F E Boada
- From the New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - K Lakshmanan
- From the New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - S Flanagan
- From the New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Y W Lui
- From the New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Postmortem Vitreous Sodium and Chloride Elevate After 1 Hour and Magnesium After 2 Hours in Bovine Eyeballs Immersed in Salt Water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 39:242-246. [DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
42
|
Bastiaans J, Mulder VC, van Meurs JC, Smits - te Nijenhuis M, van Holten - Neelen C, van Hagen PM, Dik WA. Dabigatran inhibits intravitreal thrombin activity. Acta Ophthalmol 2018; 96:452-458. [PMID: 29193875 DOI: 10.1111/aos.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a vitreoretinal disorder in which retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell activation contributes to both formation of fibrotic retinal membranes and inflammation. Vitreous of patients with PVR contains increased thrombin activity which induces profibrotic and proinflammatory programs in RPE cells. Inhibition of intravitreal thrombin activity may thus represent a therapeutic option for PVR. In this study, we examined the capacity of the clinically available direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran to inhibit thrombin activity in vitreous fluids. METHODS ARPE-19 cells were cultured with the following: (i) thrombin, (ii) vitreous without thrombin activity and (iii) vitreous with elevated thrombin activity (PVR samples and thrombin spiked vitreous) either in the presence or absence of dabigatran (range: 10-5 to 10-7 M). Subsequently, CCL2, CXCL8, GMCSF, IL6 and PDGFB mRNA expression levels were determined by RQ-PCR and protein levels of 27 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were detected in culture supernatants using a multiplex approach. In addition, the capacity of vitreous fluids obtained from patients after oral dabigatran intake was tested in an in vitro thrombin activity assay. RESULTS Thrombin and vitreous fluids containing thrombin activity induced CCL2, CXCL8, GM-CSF, IL-6 and PDGF-BB expression by ARPE-19 cells, which was inhibited by dabigatran. In addition, dabigatran that reached the vitreous after repeated oral intake did inhibit thrombin activity in the in vitro activity assay. CONCLUSION Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is associated with increased intravitreal thrombin activity that activates profibrotic and proinflammatory pathways in RPE cells. Our findings provide evidence that this activation pathway can potentially be inhibited by dabigatran.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Bastiaans
- Departments of Immunology; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan C. van Meurs
- The Rotterdam Eye Hospital; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Ophthalmology; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | | | | | - P. Martin van Hagen
- Departments of Immunology; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Internal Medicine; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Willem A. Dik
- Departments of Immunology; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Laboratory Medical Immunology; Erasmus MC; Rotterdam The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Confirmation of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in Living Human Vitreous and the Effect of LH Receptor Reduction on Murine Electroretinogram. Neuroscience 2018; 385:1-10. [PMID: 29890291 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH), produced in the anterior pituitary, has been detected in cadaver eyes and LH receptors (LHRs) have been identified in the retina, with the highest density in cone photoreceptors. Our aim was to confirm the presence of LH in the living, human eye as well as to examine the potential impact of a reduction in LHR signaling on visual processing. Vitreous samples were collected from 40 patients (23 diabetics, 17 non-diabetics) who were undergoing vitrectomies for various indications. LH concentration was quantified in each sample via an electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay and Meso Scale Discovery platform and normalized to total protein. In addition, full-field electroretinography (ERG) was performed on 11 adult LHR knockout heterozygous mice (B6;129X1-Lhcgrtm1Zmlei/J) and 11 wild types using the Celeris-Diagnosys system. The median LH values (pg/mg total protein) for non-diabetics, diabetics without proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetics with PDR were 40.7, 41.9 and 167.8 respectively. LH levels were significantly higher in diabetics with PDR. In our ERG investigation, heterozygous LHRKOs were found to have significantly reduced amplitudes of a-wave and b-waves at high stimulus intensities with no significant change in a-wave or b-wave amplitudes at lower intensities; this is consistent with a selective impairment of cone-mediated responses. Our findings confirm LH is present in the adult human eye. Our findings also suggest that a reduction in LH receptor signaling negatively impacts visual processing of the cone photoreceptors. Overall, our study results support the theory that LH likely plays a physiologic role in the eye.
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen-Roetling J, Regan KA, Regan RF. Protective effect of vitreous against hemoglobin neurotoxicity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:152-156. [PMID: 29859185 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhage into the brain parenchyma or subarachnoid space is associated with edema and vascular injury that is likely mediated at least in part by the toxicity of hemoglobin. In contrast, extravascular blood appears to be less neurotoxic when localized to the retina or adjacent vitreous, the gel filling the posterior segment of the eye. In this study, the hypothesis that vitreous protects neurons from hemoglobin toxicity was investigated in a primary cortical cell culture model. Consistent with prior observations, hemoglobin exposure for 24 h resulted in death of most neurons without injury to co-cultured glia. Neuronal loss was reduced in a concentration-dependent fashion by bovine vitreous, with complete protection produced by 3% vitreous solutions. This effect was associated with a reduction in malondialdehyde but an increase in cell iron. At low vitreous concentrations, its ascorbate content was sufficient to account for most neuroprotection, as equivalent concentrations of ascorbate alone had a similar effect. However, other vitreous antioxidants provided significant protection when applied at concentrations present in undiluted vitreous, and prevented all neuronal loss when combined in the absence of ascorbate. These results indicate that vitreous is an antioxidant cocktail that robustly protects neurons from hemoglobin toxicity, and may contribute to the relative resistance of retinal neurons to hemorrhagic injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen-Roetling
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen A Regan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Raymond F Regan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
The optical properties of rat, porcine and human lenses in organ culture treated with dexamethasone. Exp Eye Res 2018; 170:67-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
46
|
Post mortem vitreous magnesium in adult population. Forensic Sci Int 2018; 284:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
47
|
Wenz D, Kuehne A, Huelnhagen T, Nagel AM, Waiczies H, Weinberger O, Oezerdem C, Stachs O, Langner S, Seeliger E, Flemming B, Hodge R, Niendorf T. Millimeter spatial resolution in vivo sodium MRI of the human eye at 7 T using a dedicated radiofrequency transceiver array. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:672-684. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wenz
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association; Berlin Germany
| | | | - Till Huelnhagen
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association; Berlin Germany
| | - Armin M. Nagel
- Institute of Radiology; University Hospital Erlangen; Erlangen Germany
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ); Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Oliver Weinberger
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association; Berlin Germany
| | - Celal Oezerdem
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association; Berlin Germany
| | - Oliver Stachs
- Department of Ophthalmology; University of Rostock; Rostock Germany
| | - Soenke Langner
- Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology; University Medicine Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - Erdmann Seeliger
- Institute of Physiology; Charité University Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - Bert Flemming
- Institute of Physiology; Charité University Medicine; Berlin Germany
| | - Russell Hodge
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association; Berlin Germany
| | - Thoralf Niendorf
- Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association; Berlin Germany
- MRI.TOOLS GmbH; Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Kim JM, Lee H, Shin JP, Ahn J, Yoo JM, Song SJ, Kim SJ, Kang SW. Epiretinal Membrane: Prevalence and Risk Factors from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008 through 2012. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2017; 31:514-523. [PMID: 29022294 PMCID: PMC5726986 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2016.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for an epiretinal membrane (ERM) in Korean population. METHODS Using the database of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 through 2012, 14,772 participants 40 years of age or older with gradable fundus photographs were included. The presence of ERM was determined by using fundus photographs. The prevalence of ERM was estimated and possible risk factors including systemic factors, nutritional status, and blood tests were analyzed via multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of ERM was 2.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6% to 3.3%). On multiple logistic regression analysis, the prevalence of ERM was affected by age. The odds ratios (ORs) against the forties were 2.70, 5.48, and 5.69 in the fifties, sixties, and seventies, respectively. ERM was also significantly affected by cataract surgery (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 2.08 to 3.81) and by the increase in intake of 100-mg calcium (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.11). ERM had negative associations with red blood cell count (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.95). CONCLUSIONS The estimated nation-wide prevalence of ERM in Korea is 2.9%. The presence of ERM in the general population is associated with age, cataract surgery, increased dietary calcium, and a low red blood cell count.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoyoung Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Pil Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeeyun Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Je Moon Yoo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jeong Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Jin Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Woong Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sobolewska B, Heiduschka P, Bartz-Schmidt KU, Ziemssen F. pH of anti-VEGF agents in the human vitreous: low impact of very different formulations. Int J Retina Vitreous 2017; 3:22. [PMID: 28652928 PMCID: PMC5483844 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-017-0075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to measure pH changes of the human vitreous caused by the intravitreal drugs bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept, and ziv-aflibercept. Methods Fresh human vitreous samples were obtained during core vitrectomy (23-gauge) from patients with epiretinal gliosis. Aliquots of bevacizumab, ranibizumab, aflibercept or ziv-aflibercept (2 µl) were added consecutively to 200 µl of vitreous samples or 0.9% NaCl saline. The pH was measured using a pH-sensitive microelectrode. Rituximab, in off-label use against intraocular lymphoma, was tested as an IgG1 antibody. Results The pH of the administered drugs was 5.91 for bevacizumab (95% CI 5.63–6.19), 5.32 for ranibizumab (95% CI 5.0–5.63), 6.05 for aflibercept (95% CI 5.78–6.31), ziv-aflibercept 6.1 (95% CI 6.05–6.15), and 6.29 for rituximab (95% CI 5.97–6.61). While the fresh and undiluted vitreous fluid showed pH values of 7.0–7.4, pH values increased if saline or rituximab were added. In contrast, the pH decreased slightly if aflibercept, bevacizumab, ranibizumab or ziv-aflibercept were supplemented. The observed pH decreases were not significant after ranibizumab was added. Significant changes were only notable with higher-than-normal amounts of bevacizumab (26–40 µl). The vitreous showed the most robust buffering capacity towards ranibizumab and rituximab. Conclusions The pH changes in vitreous samples elicited by the usual intravitreal anti-VEGF drugs differed clearly, but only by much higher concentrations than used in the clinical routine. Although the ingredient solution of ranibizumab showed the lowest pH, it caused only moderate changes of vitreal pH compared to bevacizumab, aflibercept or ziv-aflibercept.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Sobolewska
- Center for Ophthalmology, Eberhard-Karl University Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Heiduschka
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Münster Medical Center, Münster, Germany
| | - Karl-Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt
- Center for Ophthalmology, Eberhard-Karl University Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Focke Ziemssen
- Center for Ophthalmology, Eberhard-Karl University Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Straße 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Schnepf A, Yappert MC, Borchman D. Regional distribution of phospholipids in porcine vitreous humor. Exp Eye Res 2017; 160:116-125. [PMID: 28552385 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This project explores the regional phospholipid distribution in porcine vitreous humor, retina, and lens. Matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry has been used previously to image lipids, proteins, and other metabolites in retinas and lenses. However, the regional composition of phospholipids in vitreous humors is not known. To address this issue, we have applied this mass spectral method to explore the regional phospholipid distribution in porcine vitreous humor both ex-situ and in-vitro. To establish the possible source(s) of phospholipids in the vitreous humor, compositional studies of the lens and retina were also pursued. Due to the overall low levels of phospholipids in vitreous humor, it was necessary to optimize the experimental approaches for ex-situ and in-vitro studies. The sensitivity observed in the spectra of methanol extracts from the lens and retina was higher than that for methanol:chloroform extracts, but the compositional trends were the same. A fourfold improvement in sensitivity was observed in the analysis of vitreous humor extracts obtained with the Bligh and Dyer protocol relative to the other two extraction methods. For ex-situ studies, the 'stamp method' with para-nitroaniline as the matrix was chosen. Throughout the vitreous humor, phosphatidylcholines were the most abundant phospholipids. In-vitro results showed higher relative levels of phospholipids compared to the 'stamp' method. However, more details in the regional phospholipid distribution were provided by the ex-situ approach. Both in-vitro and ex-situ results indicated higher levels of phospholipids in the posterior vitreous region, followed by the anterior and central regions. The posterior region contained more unsaturated species whereas more saturated phospholipids were detected in the anterior region. The observed trends suggest that the phospholipids detected in the posterior vitreous humor migrate from the retina and associated vasculature while those present in the anterior regions are likely to derive from the lens. Not all species found in the lens were observed in the vitreous humor. For example, whereas cholesterol was present in lens extracts, it was not detected in the vitreous humor. Overall, the higher relative abundance of unsaturated species in the posterior vitreous humor and also present in the retina suggests that these species may be able to disrupt the water-collagen-hyaluronan network and contribute to vitreous liquefaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Schnepf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, USA
| | | | - Douglas Borchman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|