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Deng J, Yang Q, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Lin M, She J, Li J, Xiao Y, Xiao J, Xu X, He H, Zhu B, Ding Y. Neuregulin 4 Attenuates Podocyte Injury and Proteinuria in Part by Activating AMPK/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy in Mice. J Cell Biochem 2024:e30634. [PMID: 39091188 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the effect of neuregulin 4 (NRG4) on podocyte damage in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy (DN) and we elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. In vivo experiments were conducted using a C57BL/6 mouse model of DN to determine the effect of NRG4 on proteinuria and podocyte injury, and in vitro experiments were performed with conditionally immortalized mouse podocytes treated with high glucose and NRG4 to assess the protective effects of NRG4 on podocyte injury. Autophagy-related protein levels and related signaling pathways were evaluated both in vivo and in vitro. The involvement of the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was detected using chloroquine or AMPK inhibitors. The results showed that the AMPK/mTOR pathway was involved in the protective roles of NRG4 against high glucose-mediated podocyte injury. Also, NRG4 significantly decreased albuminuria in DN mice. PAS staining indicated that NRG4 mitigated glomerular volume and mesangium expansion in DN mice. Consistently, western blot and RT-PCR analyses confirmed that NRG4 decreased the expression of pro-fibrotic molecules in the glomeruli of DN mice. The immunofluorescence results showed that NRG4 retained expression of podocin and nephrin, whereas transmission electron microscopy revealed that NRG4 alleviated podocyte injury. In DN mice, NRG4 decreased podocyte apoptosis and increased expression of nephrin and podocin, while decreasing the expression of desmin and HIF1α. Overall, NRG4 improved albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, glomerulomegaly, and hypoxia in DN mice. The in vitro experiments showed that NRG4 inhibited HG-induced podocyte injury and apoptosis. Furthermore, autophagy of the glomeruli decreased in DN mice, but reactivated following NRG4 intervention. NRG4 intervention was found to partially activate autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. Consequently, when the AMPK/mTOR pathway was suppressed or autophagy was inhibited, the beneficial effects of NRG4 intervention on podocyte injury were diminished. These results indicate that NRG4 intervention attenuates podocyte injury and apoptosis by promoting autophagy in the kidneys of DN mice, in part, by activating the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntian Deng
- Department of Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Qiansheng Yang
- Department of Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Wanyu Zhu
- Department of Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Department of Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Lin
- Department of Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Juyan She
- Department of Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxin Xiao
- Department of Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyue Xu
- Department of Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
| | - Hebei He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Speed Capability, The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Precision Orthopedics and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Sports Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Diagnostics, School of Medicine, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, Hunan, China
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Delfan M, Behzadi NJ, Amadeh Juybari R, Daneshyar S, Saeidi A, Willems ME, Hackney AC, Laher I, Zouhal H. Adipokine modulation in obesity: Evaluating the integrative impact of chlorella vulgaris supplementation and interval resistance training in obese males. J Funct Foods 2024; 119:106315. [PMID: 39036605 PMCID: PMC11257098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2024.106315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims To evaluate the effects of 12-week chlorella vulgaris (CV) combined with interval resistance training (IRT) on plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin and neuregulin-4 (Nrg-4) in obese men. Methods Obese men (n = 44, BMI of 32.1 ± 1.5 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to the following groups of 11 participants per group: Control Placebo group (CP), CV supplement group (CV), Interval Resistance Training group plus Placebo (IRT + P), and Interval Resistance Training plus CV supplement group (IRT + CV). IRT was performed three times a week for 12 weeks using three sets of 10 repetitions at 60 % 1RM, and integrating an active rest interval with 15 repetitions at 20 % 1RM. Participants consumed either CV (1800 mg daily) or a placebo. Pre- and post-intervention blood samples were obtained to assess adipokines which were measured by ELISA. Results While CV or IRT separately did not alter plasma levels of leptin (p > 0.05), their combination reduced leptin levels (p = 0.007). IRT and IRT plus CV increased the plasma levels of adiponectin and Nrg-4 (p < 0.01). An intergroup comparison indicated significant elevations of adiponectin and Nrg-4 in the CV compared to the CP group (p < 0.05). Conclusion The combination of IRT and CV modulates plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin and NRG4 more effectively than either IRT or CV separately in obese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Delfan
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Javadi Behzadi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Amadeh Juybari
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Daneshyar
- Department of Physical Education, Hamedan University of Technology, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Mark E.T. Willems
- Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Chichester, Chichester PO19 6PE, UK
| | - Anthony C. Hackney
- Department of Exercise & Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Univ Rennes, M2S (Laboratoire Mouvement, Sport, Santé) - EA 1274, F-35000 Rennes, France
- Institut International des Sciences du Sport (2I2S), 35850, Irodouer, France
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Zeljkovic A, Vekic J, Stefanovic A. Obesity and dyslipidemia in early life: Impact on cardiometabolic risk. Metabolism 2024; 156:155919. [PMID: 38653373 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity with its growing prevalence worldwide presents one of the most important health challenges nowadays. Multiple mechanisms are involved in the development of this condition, as well as in its associations with various cardiometabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and cardiovascular diseases. Recent findings suggest that childhood obesity and associated dyslipidemia at least partly originate from epigenetic modifications that take place in the earliest periods of life, namely prenatal and perinatal periods. Hence, alterations of maternal metabolism could be fundamentally responsible for fetal and neonatal metabolic programming and consequently, for metabolic health of offspring in later life. In this paper, we will review recent findings on the associations among intrauterine and early postnatal exposure to undesirable modulators of metabolism, development of childhood obesity and later cardiometabolic complications. Special attention will be given to maternal dyslipidemia as a driven force for undesirable epigenetic modulations in offspring. In addition, newly proposed lipid biomarkers of increased cardiometabolic risk in obese children and adolescents will be analyzed, with respect to their predictive potential and clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Stefanovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade-Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
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Zhou N, Zheng W, Peng L, Gao S, Shi Y, Cao M, Xu Y, Sun B, Li X. HIF1α Elevations at Tissue and Serum Levels and Their Association With Metabolic Disorders in Children With Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1241-1249. [PMID: 38051959 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to examine the expression profile and circulating level of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) in children and the relationships with metabolic disorders. METHODS A total of 519 children were recruited, with paired subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues collected from 17 children and serum samples from the remaining children. All children underwent anthropometric and biochemical analyses. The mRNA, protein, and serum levels of HIF1α were determined by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULTS Both HIF1α mRNA and protein levels, especially in omental adipose tissue, were increased in overweight or obese (OV/OB) children (P < .05). Likewise, serum HIF1α level was remarkably higher in OV/OB children than in normal-weight children (P < .05). Serum HIF1α level was positively correlated with BMI z-score, fat mass percentage, waist to height ratio, systolic blood pressure, alanine aminotransferase, total triglycerides, uric acid, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (IR). Furthermore, a binary logistic regression analysis of serum HIF1α level indicated that the risks for IR, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and metabolic syndrome remained significant in the presence of all potential confounding variables. Finally, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for serum HIF1α level in children who were diagnosed with IR, NAFLD, and metabolic syndrome were 0.698 (95% CI, 0.646-0.750; P < .001), 0.679 (95% CI, 0.628-0.731; P < .001), and 0.900 (95% CI, 0.856-0.945; P < .001). CONCLUSION HIF1α expression is higher in the adipose tissue, especially omental, of children with obesity than in children with normal weight. Elevated serum HIF1α level is associated with adiposity and metabolic disorder, which may predict a higher risk of obesity complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhou
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wen Zheng
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Luting Peng
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Shenghu Gao
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yanan Shi
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mengyao Cao
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Pediatric General Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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Xie L, Wang H, Hu J, Liu Z, Hu F. The role of novel adipokines and adipose-derived extracellular vesicles (ADEVs): Connections and interactions in liver diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116104. [PMID: 38428826 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissues (AT) are an important endocrine organ that secretes various functional adipokines, peptides, non-coding RNAs, and acts on AT themselves or other distant tissues or organs through autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine manners. An accumulating body of evidence has suggested that many adipokines play an important role in liver metabolism. Besides the traditional adipokines such as adiponectin and leptin, many novel adipokines have recently been identified to have regulatory effects on the liver. Additionally, AT can produce extracellular vesicles (EVs) that act on peripheral tissues. However, under pathological conditions, such as obesity and diabetes, dysregulation of adipokines is associated with functional changes in AT, which may cause liver diseases. In this review, we focus on the newly discovered adipokines and EVs secreted by AT and highlight their actions on the liver under the context of obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), and some other liver diseases. Clarifying the action of adipokines and adipose tissue-derived EVs on the liver would help to identify novel therapeutic targets or biomarkers for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jinying Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuoying Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China; Health Law Research Center, School of Law, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Fang Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China.
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Chen M, Zhu J, Luo H, Mu W, Guo L. The journey towards physiology and pathology: Tracing the path of neuregulin 4. Genes Dis 2024; 11:687-700. [PMID: 37692526 PMCID: PMC10491916 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4), an epidermal growth factor (EGF) family member, can bind to and activate the ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase. Nrg4 has five different isoforms by alternative splicing and performs a wide variety of functions. Nrg4 is involved in a spectrum of physiological processes including neurobiogenesis, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, thermogenesis, and angiogenesis. In pathological processes, Nrg4 inhibits inflammatory factor levels and suppresses apoptosis in inflammatory diseases. In addition, Nrg4 could ameliorate obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, Nrg4 improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by promoting autophagy, improving lipid metabolism, and inhibiting cell death of hepatocytes. Besides, Nrg4 is closely related to the development of cancer, hyperthyroidism, and some other diseases. Therefore, elucidation of the functional role and mechanisms of Nrg4 will provide a clearer view of the therapeutic potential and possible risks of Nrg4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- School of Exercise and Health and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jieying Zhu
- School of Exercise and Health and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hongyang Luo
- School of Exercise and Health and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wangjing Mu
- School of Exercise and Health and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liang Guo
- School of Exercise and Health and Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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Tutunchi H, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Roshanravan N, Mobasseri M, Najafipour F, Naeini F, Naghshi S, Asghari S, Akbarzadeh M, Soleimanzadeh H, Ostadrahimi A. Effects of oleoylethanolamide supplementation on the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes and serum NRG4 levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 58:311-319. [PMID: 38057021 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of oleoylethanolamide (OEA) supplementation on the expression levels of SIRT1, AMPK, PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, CEBP-α and CEBP-β genes and serum neuregulin 4 (NRG4) levels in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). METHODS Sixty obese patients with NAFLD were equally allocated into either OEA or placebo group for 12 weeks. The mRNA expression levels of genes were determined using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Serum NRG4 level was also assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. RESULTS At the endpoint, mRNA expression levels of SIRT1(p = 0.001), PGC-1α (p = 0.011) and AMPK (p = 0.019) were significantly higher in the OEA group compared to placebo group. However, no significant differences were observed in the expression levels of PPAR-γ, CEBP-α and CEBP-β between the two groups. Serum NRG4 levels significantly increased in the OEA group compared with the placebo group after controlling for confounders (p = 0.027). In the OEA group, significant relationships were found between percent of changes in the expression levels of the SIRT1, AMPK and PGC-1α as well as serum NRG4 level with percent of changes in some anthropometric measures. Moreover, in the intervention group, percent of changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was positively correlated with percent of changes in the expression levels of the SIRT1 and AMPK. While, percent of changes in triglyceride was inversely correlated with percent of changes in the expression levels of SIRT1. CONCLUSION OEA could beneficially affect expression levels of some lipid metabolism-related genes and serum NRG4 level. "REGISTERED UNDER IRANIAN REGISTRY OF CLINICAL TRIALS IDENTIFIER NO: IRCT20090609002017N32".
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Affiliation(s)
- Helda Tutunchi
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Javad Hosseinzadeh-Attar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Majid Mobasseri
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Farzad Najafipour
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Naeini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sina Naghshi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Samira Asghari
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Moloud Akbarzadeh
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Hamid Soleimanzadeh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Pakyurek H, Aykota MR, Kilic-Erkek O, Ozban M, Senol H, Bor-Kucukatay M. Investigation of time-dependent alterations in adipokine levels and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers in obese patients with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Life Sci 2023; 330:121987. [PMID: 37541576 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We aimed to investigate the time-dependent alterations of serum, adipose tissue WISP1, Nrg4, asprosin, SPX adipokines and serum ER stress markers GRP78, XBP1, ATF6, CHOP in obese patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). MATERIALS AND METHODS Morbidly obese patients (n = 19) and normal-weight individuals (n = 19) were compared. Preoperative (control, obese) and postoperative 1st, 3rd and 6th month (obese) follow-up measurements were obtained. Levels of adipokines, ER stress markers were measured with commercial kits. RESULTS Body mass index (BMI), total fat, trunk fat mass, fat percentage of obese patients decreased after LSG. Postoperative serum glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglyceride levels of obese patients decreased, HDL increased. In obese patients, preoperative LDL and total cholesterol, which were not different from control, were higher in the postoperative 6th month measurements. Omentum WISP1, subcutaneous adipose tissue WISP1 and SPX, and serum WISP1, asprosin, CHOP levels were higher, Nrg4 lower in obese patients. Serum Nrg4 was still lower in the postoperative 1st month measurements, while WISP1 was higher in the 3rd and asprosin in the 3rd, 6th months compared to control. 1st and 3rd month ATF6 and 3rd month CHOP concentrations were lower than preoperative values. Serum CHOP measured at the 6th month was significantly higher than control. Negative correlations were observed between serum Nrg4 and fat percentage, TG concentration. CHOP was negatively correlated with fat percentage. CONCLUSION The correlations between changes in serum Nrg4, CHOP and fat percentage highlight the roles of Nrg4 and CHOP in the fat loss following LSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pakyurek
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Denizli, Turkey
| | - M R Aykota
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Denizli, Turkey
| | - O Kilic-Erkek
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Denizli, Turkey
| | - M Ozban
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Denizli, Turkey
| | - H Senol
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Denizli, Turkey
| | - M Bor-Kucukatay
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Denizli, Turkey.
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Rou WS, Eun HS, Choung S, Jeon HJ, Joo JS, Kang SH, Lee ES, Kim SH, Kwon IS, Ku BJ, Lee BS. Prognostic Value of Erythroblastic Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homolog 2 and Neuregulin 4 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092634. [PMID: 37174100 PMCID: PMC10177431 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the roles of erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (ERBB2), neuregulin 4 (NRG4), and mitogen-inducible gene 6 (MIG6) in epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other malignancies have been previously investigated, the prognostic value of their serum levels in HCC remains undetermined. In the present study, correlations between serum levels and tumor characteristics, overall survival, and tumor recurrence were analyzed. Furthermore, the prognostic potential of the serum levels of these biomarkers was evaluated relative to that of alpha-fetoprotein. Both ERBB2 and NRG4 correlated with the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage, ERBB2 correlated with the tumor-maximal diameter, and NRG4 correlated with a tumor number. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that ERBB2 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.719; p = 0.007) was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Furthermore, ERBB2 (HR, 2.338; p = 0.002) and NRG4 (HR, 431.763; p = 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for tumor recurrence. The products of ERBB2 and NRG4 had a better area under the curve than alpha-fetoprotein for predicting 6-month, 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year mortality. Therefore, these factors could be used to evaluate prognosis and monitor treatment response in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sun Rou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong 30099, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Soo Eun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Sorim Choung
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jae Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong 30099, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong 30099, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Hyung Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Eaum Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - In Sun Kwon
- Clinical Trial Center, Statistics Office, Biomedical Research Institute, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Jeong Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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10
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Liu Y, Chen M. Neuregulin 4 as a novel adipokine in energy metabolism. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1106380. [PMID: 36703934 PMCID: PMC9873244 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1106380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue has been shown to play a key role in energy metabolism and it has been shown to regulate metabolic homeostasis through the secretion of adipokines. Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4), a novel adipokine secreted mainly by brown adipose tissue (BAT), has recently been characterized as having an important effect on the regulation of energy homeostasis and glucolipid metabolism. Nrg4 can modulate BAT-related thermogenesis by increasing sympathetic innervation of adipose tissue and therefore has potential metabolic benefits. Nrg4 improves metabolic dysregulation in various metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and diabetes through several mechanisms such as anti-inflammation, autophagy regulation, pro-angiogenesis, and lipid metabolism normalization. However, inconsistent findings are found regarding the effects of Nrg4 on metabolic diseases in clinical settings, and this heterogeneity needs to be further clarified by future studies. The potential metabolic protective effect of Nrg4 suggests that it may be a promising endocrine therapeutic target.
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11
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Coassolo L, Dannieskiold-Samsøe NB, Zhao M, Allen H, Svensson KJ. New players of the adipose secretome: Therapeutic opportunities and challenges. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 67:102302. [PMID: 36195010 PMCID: PMC9772291 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a functional endocrine organ comprised of adipocytes and other cell types that are known to secrete a multiplicity of adipose-derived factors, including lipids and proteins. It is well established that adipose tissue and its secretome can impact systemic energy homeostasis. The endocrine and paracrine effects of adipose-derived factors have been widely studied over the last several decades. Owing to technological advances in genomics and proteomics, several additional adipose-derived protein factors have recently been identified. By learning from previous efforts, the next challenge will be to leverage these discoveries for the prevention or treatment of metabolic disorders. Here, we discuss recently discovered adipose-derived proteins secreted from white or brown adipose tissue and the opportunities and challenges of translating these biological findings into disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Coassolo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Niels Banhos Dannieskiold-Samsøe
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hobson Allen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katrin J Svensson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA.
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12
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Ding Z, Ritchie MD, Voight BF, Hwang WT. Estimating the effect size of a hidden causal factor between SNPs and a continuous trait: a mediation model approach. BMC Bioinformatics 2022; 23:420. [PMID: 36229773 PMCID: PMC9559019 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-022-04977-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies and Mendelian randomization experiments have been used to identify many causal factors for complex traits in humans. Given a set of causal factors, it is important to understand the extent to which these causal factors explain some, all, or none of the genetic heritability, as measured by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with the trait. Using the mediation model framework with SNPs as the exposure, a trait of interest as the outcome, and the known causal factors as the mediators, we hypothesize that any unexplained association between the SNPs and the outcome trait is mediated by an additional unobserved, hidden causal factor. RESULTS We propose a method to infer the effect size of this hidden mediating causal factor on the outcome trait by utilizing the estimated associations between a continuous outcome trait, the known causal factors, and the SNPs. The proposed method consists of three steps and, in the end, implements Markov chain Monte Carlo to obtain a posterior distribution for the effect size of the hidden mediator. We evaluate our proposed method via extensive simulations and show that when model assumptions hold, our method estimates the effect size of the hidden mediator well and controls type I error rate if the hidden mediator does not exist. In addition, we apply the method to the UK Biobank data and estimate parameters for a potential hidden mediator for waist-hip ratio beyond body mass index (BMI), and find that the hidden mediator has a large effect size relatively to the effect size of the known mediator BMI. CONCLUSIONS We develop a framework to infer the effect of potential, hidden mediators influencing complex traits. This framework can be used to place boundaries on unexplained risk factors contributing to complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Ding
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institude for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin F Voight
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Institude for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Wei-Ting Hwang
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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13
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Martínez C, Latorre J, Ortega F, Arnoriaga-Rodríguez M, Lluch A, Oliveras-Cañellas N, Díaz-Sáez F, Aragonés J, Camps M, Gumà A, Ricart W, Fernández-Real JM, Moreno-Navarrete JM. Serum neuregulin 4 is negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity in humans and impairs mitochondrial respiration in HepG2 cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:950791. [PMID: 36187779 PMCID: PMC9521671 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.950791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuregulin 4 (NRG4) has been described to improve metabolic disturbances linked to obesity status in rodent models. The findings in humans are controversial. We aimed to investigate circulating NRG4 in association with insulin action in humans and the possible mechanisms involved. Insulin sensitivity (euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp) and serum NRG4 concentration (ELISA) were analysed in subjects with a wide range of adiposity (n = 89). In vitro experiments with human HepG2 cell line were also performed. Serum NRG4 was negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity (r = −0.25, p = 0.02) and positively with the inflammatory marker high-sensitivity C reative protein (hsCRP). In fact, multivariant linear regression analyses showed that insulin sensitivity contributed to BMI-, age-, sex-, and hsCRP-adjusted 7.2% of the variance in serum NRG4 (p = 0.01). No significant associations were found with adiposity measures (BMI, waist circumference or fat mass), plasma lipids (HDL-, LDL-cholesterol, or fasting triglycerides) or markers of liver injury. Cultured hepatocyte HepG2 treated with human recombinant NRG4 had an impact on hepatocyte metabolism, leading to decreased gluconeogenic- and mitochondrial biogenesis-related gene expression, and reduced mitochondrial respiration, without effects on expression of lipid metabolism-related genes. Similar but more pronounced effects were found after neuregulin 1 administration. In conclusion, sustained higher serum levels of neuregulin-4, observed in insulin resistant patients may have deleterious effects on metabolic and mitochondrial function in hepatocytes. However, findings from in vitro experiments should be confirmed in human primary hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Martínez
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jèssica Latorre
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Ortega
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Arnoriaga-Rodríguez
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aina Lluch
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Oliveras-Cañellas
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Díaz-Sáez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julian Aragonés
- Research Unit, Hospital of Santa Cristina, Research Institute Princesa, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Camps
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Gumà
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- *Correspondence: José Manuel Fernández-Real, ; José María Moreno-Navarrete,
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Girona, Girona, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: José Manuel Fernández-Real, ; José María Moreno-Navarrete,
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14
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Zhang P, Chen Z, Kuang H, Liu T, Zhu J, Zhou L, Wang Q, Xiong X, Meng Z, Qiu X, Jacks R, Liu L, Li S, Lumeng CN, Li Q, Zhou X, Lin JD. Neuregulin 4 suppresses NASH-HCC development by restraining tumor-prone liver microenvironment. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1359-1376.e7. [PMID: 35973424 PMCID: PMC9458631 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian liver comprises heterogeneous cell types within its tissue microenvironment that undergo pathophysiological reprogramming in disease states, such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Patients with NASH are at an increased risk for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular and cellular nature of liver microenvironment remodeling that links NASH to liver carcinogenesis remains obscure. Here, we show that diet-induced NASH is characterized by the induction of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-like macrophages and exhaustion of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in the liver. The adipocyte-derived endocrine factor Neuregulin 4 (NRG4) serves as a hormonal checkpoint that restrains this pathological reprogramming during NASH. NRG4 deficiency exacerbated the induction of tumor-prone liver immune microenvironment and NASH-related HCC, whereas transgenic NRG4 overexpression elicited protective effects in mice. In a therapeutic setting, recombinant NRG4-Fc fusion protein exhibited remarkable potency in suppressing HCC and prolonged survival in the treated mice. These findings pave the way for therapeutic intervention of liver cancer by targeting the NRG4 hormonal checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Henry Kuang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tongyu Liu
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jiaqiang Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Linkang Zhou
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xuelian Xiong
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ziyi Meng
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoxue Qiu
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ramiah Jacks
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Siming Li
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jiandie D Lin
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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15
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Zou ZY, Zeng J, Ren TY, Huang LJ, Wang MY, Shi YW, Yang RX, Zhang QR, Fan JG. The burden and sexual dimorphism with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Asian children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver Int 2022; 42:1969-1980. [PMID: 34619026 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite substantial attention paid to the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adults, data on the burden and sexual dimorphism of NAFLD in Asian children have not yet been synthesized. METHODS We conducted a literature search of 735 references up to April 2021. Pooled analyses, stratified analyses and meta-regression were all performed. RESULTS Thirty-three study populations were finally included. Nine of them comprising 20 595 children showed an overall NAFLD prevalence of 5.53% (95% CI 3.46%-8.72%), in which, 36.64% (95% CI, 27.99%-46.26%) NAFLD subjects had elevated levels of ALT. The prevalence rate of NAFLD increased about 1.6-fold from 2004 to 2010 to the last decade. Male predominant trends were observed in paediatric NAFLD (boys: 8.18%, 95% CI 4.93%-13.26%; girls: 3.60%, 95% CI 1.60%-7.87%). Moreover, meta-analysis showed that after 10 years of age, boys were more prone to have NAFLD than girls (OR = 1.75; P = .0012). In addition, the pooled prevalence of NAFLD increased sequentially in normal-weight (1.49%, 95% CI 0.88%-2.51%, n = 2610), overweight (16.72%, 95% CI 7.07%-34.65%, n = 1265) and obese children (50.13%, 95% CI 41.99%-58.27%, n = 6434 individuals). After full covariate adjustment, the multivariate meta-regression also showed that boy percentage (P = .0396) and body mass index (P < .0001) were positively correlated with prevalent NAFLD. CONCLUSIONS In Asia, paediatric NAFLD is becoming prevalent over the recent decades, particularly among obese children and boys after 10 years old. The hormonal and chromosomal origins of paediatric NAFLD dimorphism need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yuan Zou
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Yi Ren
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei-Jie Huang
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Yu Wang
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Wen Shi
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui-Xu Yang
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian-Ren Zhang
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Center for Fatty Liver, Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Lab of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai, China
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16
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Gado TH, Asal SA, Abdelraouf FH, AbdelSamie R. Evaluating Serum Neuregulin 4 as a Noninvasive Biomarker in Patients with Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.9354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) spectrum ranges from simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Considering the restrictions of liver biopsy, various serological biomarkers have recently emerged for non-invasive diagnosis of NAFLD.
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the association between serum neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) and NAFLD and the use of serum Nrg4 as a noninvasive marker for diagnosis of NAFLD.
METHODS: Sixty-three Egyptian NAFLD patients and 63 controls were enrolled and subjected to detailed history taking, thorough clinical examination including anthropometric measures (body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference). Laboratory investigations included complete blood count, lipid profile (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C], triglycerides), serum albumin, transaminases, bilirubin levels, hepatitis markers (anti-HCV antibodies and hepatitis B surface antigen), anti-nuclear antibodies and anti-smooth muscle antibody. Measurement of serum Nrg4 by ELISA and non-invasive NAFLD scores such as NAFLD fibrosis score and FIB4 score were applied to all patients.
RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between cases and controls regarding the BMI, waist circumference, hemoglobin level, total leukocytic count, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and serum triglycerides levels. Nrg4 was significantly decreased in NAFLD patients as compared to controls. Moreover, Nrg4, total cholesterol, and LDL-C levels were statistically significant independent predictors of NAFLD. No significant differences were observed between Nrg4 level and the variable stages of hepatic fibrosis by NAFLD fibrosis score.
CONCLUSION: Decreased serum Nrg4 level is frequent in NAFLD patients and is an independent predictor of NAFLD, suggesting that Nrg4 might have a potential role in prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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17
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Tutunchi H, Mobasseri M, Aghamohammadzadeh N, Hooshyar J, Naeini F, Najafipour F. Serum neuregulin 4 (NRG-4) level and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A case-control study. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14555. [PMID: 34159710 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current case-control study aimed to examine the association of circulating neuregulin 4 (NRG-4), a brown fat-enriched endocrine factor, with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS A total of 50 patients newly diagnosed with NAFLD with 50 age-matched and sex-matched subjects without NAFLD were recruited in the present study. Circulating NRG-4 levels were assessed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. SPSS version 23 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Patients with NAFLD had lower levels of circulating NRG-4 than the control group (P < .001). Participants in the highest quartile of circulating NRG-4 had significantly lower body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), triglyceride (TG) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) compared with those in the lowest quartile (all P < .01). The prevalence of NAFLD in the quartile 4 of the serum NRG-4 level was 38.46%, lower than the quartile 1 (62.50%, P = .006), quartile 2 (52.00%, P = .017) and quartile 3 (48.00%, P = .032). In multiple stepwise regression analysis, BMI (β = -0.712, P = .016), WC (β = -0.577, P = .023), TG (β = -0.509, P = .001), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (β = 0.489, P = .001) and HOMA-IR (β = -0.609, P = .003) were independently related to serum NRG-4 level. The odds of NAFLD decreased by 41% per 1 SD increase in serum NRG-4 level (OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.35-0.78; P = .021), after adjustment for all potential confounders. CONCLUSION The results of the present study demonstrate that circulating NRG-4 levels may play a protective role in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helda Tutunchi
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mobasseri
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Jalil Hooshyar
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naeini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Najafipour
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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De Munck TJI, Boesch M, Verhaegh P, Masclee AAM, Jonkers D, van Pelt JF, du Plessis J, Korf H, Nevens F, Koek GH, Van der Merwe S, Verbeek J. Is there a role for neuregulin 4 in human nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251822. [PMID: 33989346 PMCID: PMC8121306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4), a novel adipokine enriched in brown adipose tissue has been observed to negatively regulate de novo hepatic lipogenesis and limit nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in rodents. However, the role of Nrg4 in human NAFLD remains unclear to date. We analysed Nrg4 plasma levels and its association with liver disease severity together with the transcriptional profile of the Nrg4 pathway in liver and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of NAFLD patients. METHODS Plasma Nrg4 levels were measured in 65 NAFLD patients and 43 healthy controls (HC). Hepatic steatosis and fibrosis were diagnosed and quantified with chemical shift MRI and transient elastography respectively. Furthermore, blood lipid levels, HOMA-IR and systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-γ) were analysed. Microarray analyses to assess differences in the Nrg4 and its receptor family ErbB pathway in liver and VAT from an independent patient group with biopsy proven NAFL (simple steatosis) (n = 4), NASH (n = 5) and normal liver (n = 6) were performed. RESULTS Plasma Nrg4 levels were not significantly different between NAFLD patients and HC (p = 0.622). Furthermore, plasma Nrg4 levels did not correlate with the hepatic fat fraction (r = -0.028, p = 0.829) and were not significantly different between NAFLD patients with or without hepatic fibrosis (p = 0.087). Finally, the expression profile of 82 genes related to the Nrg4-ErbB pathway in liver and VAT was not significantly different between NAFL, NASH or obese controls. CONCLUSION Our study does not support a role for Nrg4 in the pathophysiology of human NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toon J. I. De Munck
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Boesch
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pauline Verhaegh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ad A. M. Masclee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos F. van Pelt
- Laboratory of Clinical Digestive Oncology, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven & University Hospitals Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johannie du Plessis
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederik Nevens
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ger H. Koek
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Schalk Van der Merwe
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jef Verbeek
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department Chronic Diseases, Metabolism & Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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19
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McNeill BT, Suchacki KJ, Stimson RH. MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Human brown adipose tissue as a therapeutic target: warming up or cooling down? Eur J Endocrinol 2021; 184:R243-R259. [PMID: 33729178 PMCID: PMC8111330 DOI: 10.1530/eje-20-1439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of white adipose tissue leads to obesity and its associated metabolic health consequences such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Several approaches to treat or prevent obesity including public health interventions, surgical weight loss, and pharmacological approaches to reduce caloric intake have failed to substantially modify the increasing prevalence of obesity. The (re-)discovery of active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans approximately 15 years ago led to a resurgence in research into whether BAT activation could be a novel therapy for the treatment of obesity. Upon cold stimulus, BAT activates and generates heat to maintain body temperature, thus increasing energy expenditure. Activation of BAT may provide a unique opportunity to increase energy expenditure without the need for exercise. However, much of the underlying mechanisms surrounding BAT activation are still being elucidated and the effectiveness of BAT as a therapeutic target has not been realised. Research is ongoing to determine how best to expand BAT mass and activate existing BAT; approaches include cold exposure, pharmacological stimulation using sympathomimetics, browning agents that induce formation of thermogenic beige adipocytes in white adipose depots, and the identification of factors secreted by BAT with therapeutic potential. In this review, we discuss the caloric capacity and other metabolic benefits from BAT activation in humans and the role of metabolic tissues such as skeletal muscle in increasing energy expenditure. We discuss the potential of current approaches and the challenges of BAT activation as a novel strategy to treat obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben T McNeill
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karla J Suchacki
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Roland H Stimson
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to R H Stimson Email
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20
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Yang F, Zhou N, Zhu X, Min C, Zhou W, Li X. n-3 PUFAs protect against adiposity and fatty liver by promoting browning in postnatally overfed male rats: a role for NRG4. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 93:108628. [PMID: 33705952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Early-life nutrition plays an important role in regulating adult metabolism. This study evaluated the effects of early nutrition during the suckling and postweaning periods on expression of the adipocytokine Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) and its relationship with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adulthood. In vivo, male rats were adjusted to litter sizes of three (small litter, SL) or ten (normal litter, NL) on postnatal day 3. Pups were fed control chow (NL and SL groups) or a high-fat diet (NL-HF and SL-HF groups), and SL pups specifically were fed a fish oil diet rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) (SL-FO group), from postnatal weeks 3 to 13. The results demonstrated that postnatal overnutrition increased weight, hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) gene expression and NAFLD and decreased body temperature and Nrg4, Ucp1 and Pgc1a mRNA expression in adipose tissues in SL, SL-HF and NL-HF rats compared to NL rats in adulthood. The opposite trends were observed in SL-FO rats. Moreover, in vitro, recombinant NRG4 protein reduced lipid accumulation by inhibiting DNL gene expression in fatty HepG2 cells stimulated with sodium oleate. In HPAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) treatment elevated NRG4 production and caused adipocyte browning, and these effects were abrogated by PPARG antagonism. In conclusion, a postweaning n-3 PUFA diet enhanced Nrg4 expression in adipose tissues, associated with attenuation of NAFLD induced by SL rearing. Additionally, external NRG4 reduced lipogenesis in steatotic hepatocytes. Thus, white adipose tissue browning induced by n-3 PUFAs may promote NRG4 production through the PPARG pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cuiting Min
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaonan Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Pediatric Research, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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21
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Adipose Tissue T Regulatory Cells: Implications for Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1278:125-139. [PMID: 33523447 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-6407-9_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity dramatically increases the risk of numerous conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and other components of the metabolic syndrome. Pro-inflammatory changes that occur in adipose tissue are critical to the pathogenesis of these obesity-induced complications. Adipose tissue is one of the body's largest endocrine organs, and the cells that comprise the adipose tissue immunoenvironment secrete multiple factors (including adipokines and cytokines) that impact systemic metabolism. In particular, immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) decline in obesity, partly in response to its complex interaction with adipocytes, and this decline contributes to disruption of the typical homeostasis observed in lean adipose tissue. Although the regulation of Treg differentiation, function, and enrichment is incompletely understood, factors including various cell-surface co-stimulatory molecules, certain lipid species, and cytokines such as PPARγ, adiponectin, and leptin are important mediators. It is also clear that there may be depot-specific differences in Tregs, rendering adipose tissue Tregs distinct from lymphoid or circulating Tregs, with implications on maintenance and functionality. While most of these findings are derived from studies in murine models, comparatively little is known about the human adipose tissue Treg signature, which requires further investigation.
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22
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El Amrousy D, El-Afify D. Osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin levels and their relationship with adipokines and proinflammatory cytokines in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Cytokine 2020; 135:155215. [PMID: 32731119 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationship between osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin as bone markers and inflammatory biomarkers such as adiponectin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS This study included 40 obese children with NAFLD as the patient group and 40 healthy obese children of matched age, sex and BMI as the control group. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, Homeostatic model assessment method of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid profile, osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6 were measured in all participants. RESULTS Children with NAFLD had a significant decrease in osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin and adiponectin level with a significant increase in TNF-α and IL-6 levels. We also found a significant positive correlation between osteocalcin level and adiponectin levels but a significant negative correlation of osteocalcin with each of leptin and TNF-α. However, there was a significant negative correlation between osteoprotegerin levels and both TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Moreover, adiponectin and TNF-α were significant predictors for osteocalcin, and IL-6 was a significant predictor for osteoprotegerin. CONCLUSION Adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6 have potential association with the changes of osteocalcin and osteoprotegerin levels in children with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa El Amrousy
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt.
| | - Dalia El-Afify
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt
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23
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Zhu B, Mei W, Jiao T, Yang S, Xu X, Yu H, Ding Y, Guo S, Meng B, Zhao L, He M, Dong K, Guo H, Guo X, Zhang H, Dang R, Xiang G, Wen N. Neuregulin 4 alleviates hepatic steatosis via activating AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy in aged mice fed a high fat diet. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 884:173350. [PMID: 32726654 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) is a brown fat-enriched endocrine factor that exerts beneficial metabolic effects on insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Autophagy is a mechanism that is essential for preventing hepatic steatosis. The aim of this study was to explore whether Nrg4 ameliorates hepatic steatosis by inducing autophagy. Aged C57BL/6 mice were maintained on a high fat diet with or without Nrg4 intervention for 3 months. Lipid accumulation in the liver was investigated. Autophagy related protein levels along with related signaling pathways that regulate autophagy were evaluated. In addition, the effects of Nrg4 on autophagy were also determined in cultured L-02 cells. Nrg4 decreased high-fat induced intrahepatic lipid content both in vivo and in vitro. Autophagy level in the liver also decreased in obese mice and Nrg4 intervention reactivated autophagy. Further, Nrg4 intervention was found to have activated autophagy via the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Moreover, when the AMPK/mTOR pathway was suppressed or autophagy was inhibited, the beneficial effects of Nrg4 intervention on hepatic steatosis were diminished. These results indicated that Nrg4 intervention attenuated hepatic steatosis by promoting autophagy in the liver of aged obese mice. Additionally, Nrg4 induced autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China; Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Yuhua Dong Road 342, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Wen Mei
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanhai District People's Hospital of Foshan, Foping Road 40, Foshan, 528200, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Ting Jiao
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Yuhua Dong Road 342, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shatai Nan Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shatai Nan Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuluo Road 627, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Hanying Yu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Yan Ding
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shatai Nan Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuluo Road 627, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Shuqin Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China; The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shatai Nan Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Biying Meng
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shatai Nan Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuluo Road 627, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Lisheng Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Mingjuan He
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shatai Nan Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Keming Dong
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Yongding Road 69, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Yongding Road 69, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Ximin Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Yongding Road 69, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Haisong Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Yuhua Dong Road 342, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Ruijie Dang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China; Clinical Medical College, Hebei University, Yuhua Dong Road 342, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Guangda Xiang
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuluo Road 627, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Ning Wen
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing, 100853, China.
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24
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Gumà A, Díaz-Sáez F, Camps M, Zorzano A. Neuregulin, an Effector on Mitochondria Metabolism That Preserves Insulin Sensitivity. Front Physiol 2020; 11:696. [PMID: 32655416 PMCID: PMC7324780 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Various external factors modulate the metabolic efficiency of mitochondria. This review focuses on the impact of the growth factor neuregulin and its ErbB receptors on mitochondria and their relationship with several physiopathological alterations. Neuregulin is involved in the differentiation of heart, skeletal muscle, and the neuronal system, among others; and its deficiency is deleterious for the health. Information gathered over the last two decades suggests that neuregulin plays a key role in regulating the mitochondrial oxidative machinery, which sustains cell survival and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gumà
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Díaz-Sáez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Camps
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Zhao M, Jung Y, Jiang Z, Svensson KJ. Regulation of Energy Metabolism by Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Ligands. Front Physiol 2020; 11:354. [PMID: 32372975 PMCID: PMC7186430 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and fatty liver disease, have now reached epidemic proportions. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a family of cell surface receptors responding to growth factors, hormones, and cytokines to mediate a diverse set of fundamental cellular and metabolic signaling pathways. These ligands signal by endocrine, paracrine, or autocrine means in peripheral organs and in the central nervous system to control cellular and tissue-specific metabolic processes. Interestingly, the expression of many RTKs and their ligands are controlled by changes in metabolic demand, for example, during starvation, feeding, or obesity. In addition, studies of RTKs and their ligands in regulating energy homeostasis have revealed unexpected diversity in the mechanisms of action and their specific metabolic functions. Our current understanding of the molecular, biochemical and genetic control of energy homeostasis by the endocrine RTK ligands insulin, FGF21 and FGF19 are now relatively well understood. In addition to these classical endocrine signals, non-endocrine ligands can govern local energy regulation, and the intriguing crosstalk between the RTK family and the TGFβ receptor family demonstrates a signaling network that diversifies metabolic process between tissues. Thus, there is a need to increase our molecular and mechanistic understanding of signal diversification of RTK actions in metabolic disease. Here we review the known and emerging molecular mechanisms of RTK signaling that regulate systemic glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as highlighting unexpected roles of non-classical RTK ligands that crosstalk with other receptor pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Yunshin Jung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Zewen Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Katrin J Svensson
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.,Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford, CA, United States
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26
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Amir M, Yu M, He P, Srinivasan S. Hepatic Autonomic Nervous System and Neurotrophic Factors Regulate the Pathogenesis and Progression of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:62. [PMID: 32175323 PMCID: PMC7056867 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease represents a continuum of excessive hepatic steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. It is a growing epidemic in the United States of America and worldwide. Progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease can lead to morbidity and mortality due to complications such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma. Pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is centered on increased hepatic lipogenesis and decreased hepatic lipolysis in the setting of hepatic and systemic insulin resistance. Adipose tissue and hepatic inflammation can further perpetuate the severity of illness. Currently there are no approved therapies for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Most of the drugs being explored for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease focus on classical pathogenic pathways surrounding hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation or fibrosis. Studies have demonstrated that the autonomic nervous system innervating the liver plays a crucial role in regulation of hepatic lipid homeostasis, inflammation and fibrosis. Additionally, there is growing evidence that neurotrophic factors can modulate all stages of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Both the autonomic nervous system and neurotrophic factors are altered in patients and murine models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this review we focus on the pathophysiological role of the autonomic nervous system and neurotrophic factors that could be potential targets for novel therapeutic approaches to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Amir
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Michael Yu
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Peijian He
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shanthi Srinivasan
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States.,Research-Gastroenterology, Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, United States
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27
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Tutunchi H, Ostadrahimi A, Hosseinzadeh-Attar MJ, Miryan M, Mobasseri M, Ebrahimi-Mameghani M. A systematic review of the association of neuregulin 4, a brown fat-enriched secreted factor, with obesity and related metabolic disturbances. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12952. [PMID: 31782243 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin 4 (Nrg4), a novel brown fat-enriched hormone, plays a key role in the modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and energy balance. Recent data have demonstrated that the expression of Nrg4 is substantially down-regulated in mouse and human obesity, making its regulatory aspect intriguing. Because of the close relationship between Nrg4, obesity, and associated metabolic diseases, this systematic review aimed to assess the association of Nrg4 with obesity and related metabolic disturbances, emphasizing its possible mechanisms of action in these disorders. We searched PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest, and Google Scholar up until June 2019. The evidence reviewed here indicates that Nrg4 may contribute to the prevention of obesity and related metabolic complications by elevating brown adipose tissue activity, increasing the expression of thermogenic markers, decreasing the expression of lipogenic/adipogenic genes, exacerbating white adipose tissue browning, increasing the number of brite/beige adipocytes, promoting hepatic fat oxidation and ketogenesis, inducing neurite outgrowth, enhancing blood vessels in adipose tissue, increasing the circulatory levels of healthy adipokines, and improving glucose homeostasis. Thus, Nrg4 appears to be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic complications. However, prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm these outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helda Tutunchi
- Nutrition Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mahsa Miryan
- Nutrition Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Mobasseri
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehrangiz Ebrahimi-Mameghani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Diet Therapy, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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28
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Scheele C, Wolfrum C. Brown Adipose Crosstalk in Tissue Plasticity and Human Metabolism. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:bnz007. [PMID: 31638161 PMCID: PMC7006230 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnz007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Infants rely on brown adipose tissue (BAT) as a primary source of thermogenesis. In some adult humans, residuals of brown adipose tissue are adjacent to the central nervous system and acute activation increases metabolic rate. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) recruitment occurs during cold acclimation and includes secretion of factors, known as batokines, which target several different cell types within BAT, and promote adipogenesis, angiogenesis, immune cell interactions, and neurite outgrowth. All these processes seem to act in concert to promote an adapted BAT. Recent studies have also provided exciting data on whole body metabolic regulation with a broad spectrum of mechanisms involving BAT crosstalk with liver, skeletal muscle, and gut as well as the central nervous system. These widespread interactions might reflect the property of BAT of switching between an active thermogenic state where energy is highly consumed and drained from the circulation, and the passive thermoneutral state, where energy consumption is turned off. (Endocrine Reviews 41: XXX - XXX, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Scheele
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Zürich, Schorenstrasse, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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29
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Funcke JB, Scherer PE. Beyond adiponectin and leptin: adipose tissue-derived mediators of inter-organ communication. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1648-1684. [PMID: 31209153 PMCID: PMC6795086 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r094060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The breakthrough discoveries of leptin and adiponectin more than two decades ago led to a widespread recognition of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Many more adipose tissue-secreted signaling mediators (adipokines) have been identified since then, and much has been learned about how adipose tissue communicates with other organs of the body to maintain systemic homeostasis. Beyond proteins, additional factors, such as lipids, metabolites, noncoding RNAs, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by adipose tissue participate in this process. Here, we review the diverse signaling mediators and mechanisms adipose tissue utilizes to relay information to other organs. We discuss recently identified adipokines (proteins, lipids, and metabolites) and briefly outline the contributions of noncoding RNAs and EVs to the ever-increasing complexities of adipose tissue inter-organ communication. We conclude by reflecting on central aspects of adipokine biology, namely, the contribution of distinct adipose tissue depots and cell types to adipokine secretion, the phenomenon of adipokine resistance, and the capacity of adipose tissue to act both as a source and sink of signaling mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Bernd Funcke
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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Blüher M. Neuregulin 4: A "Hotline" Between Brown Fat and Liver. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1555-1557. [PMID: 31479202 PMCID: PMC6790571 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The discovery that functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans is inversely related to body fat mass and may reflect metabolic health has stimulated adipose tissue research to explore activation of BAT as a potential target for antiobesity treatments. In addition to the capacity of BAT to increase energy expenditure and glucose and lipid uptake, BAT secretes factors that may contribute to the regulation of whole-body metabolism. Among signals released from BAT, neuregulin 4 (NRG4) has been recently identified as an endocrine factor that may link the activation of BAT to protection against diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. NRG4 was shown to directly reduce lipogenesis in hepatocytes, and it could indirectly activate BAT via sympathetic neurons or via inducing brown adipocyte-like signatures in white adipocytes in a paracrine manner. However, the potential relevance of NRG4 as a diagnostic tool or target for the treatment of obesity-related diseases remains to be explored.
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