1
|
Joyner KJ, Patrick CJ, Morris DH, McCarthy DM, Bartholow BD. Variants of the P3 event-related potential operate as indicators of distinct mechanisms contributing to problematic alcohol use. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1819-1826. [PMID: 38734817 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Considerable research has linked relative reduction in the amplitude of the P3 event-related potential (ERP) during cognitive task performance (i.e., Target-P3) with increased risk of alcohol-related problems. A separate literature indicates that a relative increase in the amplitude of the P3 elicited by cues signaling alcohol availability (i.e., ACR-P3) also is associated with alcohol use and problems. To date, no research has integrated these seemingly discrepant findings. Here, we aimed to demonstrate that P3 amplitudes elicited in different task contexts reflect distinct domains of functioning relevant to problematic alcohol involvement (PAI), and therefore can inform heterogeneity in the etiology of PAI. 156 emerging adults (61% women; 88% White/Non-Hispanic) completed a mental rotation task and a picture-viewing task while ERPs were recorded. Participants also completed questionnaire measures of trait disinhibition, alcohol use, and alcohol-related problems. Findings from regression analyses indicated that (a) Target-P3 was negatively associated and ACR-P3 was positively associated with a PAI latent variable; (b) the two P3s accounted for unique variance in PAI, beyond that accounted for by recent drinking; and (c) the association between Target-P3 and PAI-but not ACR-P3 and PAI-was statistically mediated by trait disinhibition. The present findings highlight the unique contributions of distinct functional domains associated with disinhibition and incentive salience in the etiology of PAI. Moreover, findings are consistent with a nuanced understanding of the P3 ERP, whereby its specific meaning varies according to the task context in which it is elicited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keanan J Joyner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - David H Morris
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Denis M McCarthy
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bruce D Bartholow
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Criel Y, Depuydt E, Miatton M, Santens P, van Mierlo P, De Letter M. Cortical Generators and Connections Underlying Phoneme Perception: A Mismatch Negativity and P300 Investigation. Brain Topogr 2024; 37:1089-1117. [PMID: 38958833 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-024-01065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The cortical generators of the pure tone MMN and P300 have been thoroughly studied. Their nature and interaction with respect to phoneme perception, however, is poorly understood. Accordingly, the cortical sources and functional connections that underlie the MMN and P300 in relation to passive and active speech sound perception were identified. An inattentive and attentive phonemic oddball paradigm, eliciting a MMN and P300 respectively, were administered in 60 healthy adults during simultaneous high-density EEG recording. For both the MMN and P300, eLORETA source reconstruction was performed. The maximal cross-correlation was calculated between ROI-pairs to investigate inter-regional functional connectivity specific to passive and active deviant processing. MMN activation clusters were identified in the temporal (insula, superior temporal gyrus and temporal pole), frontal (rostral middle frontal and pars opercularis) and parietal (postcentral and supramarginal gyrus) cortex. Passive discrimination of deviant phonemes was aided by a network connecting right temporoparietal cortices to left frontal areas. For the P300, clusters with significantly higher activity were found in the frontal (caudal middle frontal and precentral), parietal (precuneus) and cingulate (posterior and isthmus) cortex. Significant intra- and interhemispheric connections between parietal, cingulate and occipital regions constituted the network governing active phonemic target detection. A predominantly bilateral network was found to underly both the MMN and P300. While passive phoneme discrimination is aided by a fronto-temporo-parietal network, active categorization calls on a network entailing fronto-parieto-cingulate cortices. Neural processing of phonemic contrasts, as reflected by the MMN and P300, does not appear to show pronounced lateralization to the language-dominant hemisphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Criel
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Emma Depuydt
- Medical Imaging and Signal Processing Group, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marijke Miatton
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Santens
- Department of Neurology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter van Mierlo
- Medical Imaging and Signal Processing Group, Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Miet De Letter
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yücetepe S, Irak M. What guides the judgment of learning: Memory or heuristics? An event-related potential study. Neuropsychologia 2024; 204:109011. [PMID: 39389295 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.109011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Memory monitoring ability is essential for the effectiveness of learning processes. Judgment of Learning (JOL), a metacognitive judgment, is commonly used to measure this ability. An ongoing debate questions whether JOL is an outcome of an inferential or recollective experience, as suggested by different hypotheses regarding the underlying cognitive mechanisms of this judgment. To address this question through a neuroscientific perspective, we aimed to investigate the temporal dynamic of JOL adopting event-related potential (ERP) methodology. Seventy-two young adults participated in an episodic memory task involving word-pairs as stimuli. Their JOLs were obtained through categorical choices in a delayed condition. Additionally, their memory performance was tested in the recognition phase. ERP components were compared for different JOL levels, as well as for the hit responses in the recognition test according to their JOL levels. The analyses showed that JOL processes are observable within an early time window after stimulus presentation, as evidenced by elicitation of the P100, N100, P200, N200, and P300 components across all JOL levels. However, only the amplitude of the N100 varied among these levels. A negative ERP component with 330-500 ms latency was also evident for all JOL levels in the central and parietal electrodes, which did not differ in amplitude. The analyses of the recognition phase ERPs showed that the hit responses did not exhibit a significant difference in the familiarity-related mid-frontal old/new effect (FN400) amplitude; however, those with high level of JOL elicited recollection-related parietal old-new effect with a smaller amplitude. These findings support both hypotheses suggesting that JOL is influenced by heuristics and the retrievability of information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soner Yücetepe
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Cognition Research Laboratory, Bahçeşehir University, Çırağan Cad. No: 4, Beşiktaş, 34353, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Metehan Irak
- Department of Psychology, Brain and Cognition Research Laboratory, Bahçeşehir University, Çırağan Cad. No: 4, Beşiktaş, 34353, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Koevoet D, Arora K. Sampling from Internal and External Sensations Guides Decision-Making. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1255242024. [PMID: 39322415 PMCID: PMC11426372 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1255-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Damian Koevoet
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CS, The Netherlands
| | - Kabir Arora
- Experimental Psychology, Helmholtz Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584CS, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Frömer R, Nassar MR, Ehinger BV, Shenhav A. Common neural choice signals can emerge artefactually amid multiple distinct value signals. Nat Hum Behav 2024:10.1038/s41562-024-01971-z. [PMID: 39242928 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Previous work has identified characteristic neural signatures of value-based decision-making, including neural dynamics that closely resemble the ramping evidence accumulation process believed to underpin choice. Here we test whether these signatures of the choice process can be temporally dissociated from additional, choice-'independent' value signals. Indeed, EEG activity during value-based choice revealed distinct spatiotemporal clusters, with a stimulus-locked cluster reflecting affective reactions to choice sets and a response-locked cluster reflecting choice difficulty. Surprisingly, 'neither' of these clusters met the criteria for an evidence accumulation signal. Instead, we found that stimulus-locked activity can 'mimic' an evidence accumulation process when aligned to the response. Re-analysing four previous studies, including three perceptual decision-making studies, we show that response-locked signatures of evidence accumulation disappear when stimulus-locked and response-locked activity are modelled jointly. Collectively, our findings show that neural signatures of value can reflect choice-independent processes and look deceptively like evidence accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romy Frömer
- Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Carney Institute for Brain Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Matthew R Nassar
- Carney Institute for Brain Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Benedikt V Ehinger
- Stuttgart Center for Simulation Science, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amitai Shenhav
- Cognitive, Linguistic, and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Carney Institute for Brain Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nunez MD, Fernandez K, Srinivasan R, Vandekerckhove J. A tutorial on fitting joint models of M/EEG and behavior to understand cognition. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:6020-6050. [PMID: 38409458 PMCID: PMC11335833 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
We present motivation and practical steps necessary to find parameter estimates of joint models of behavior and neural electrophysiological data. This tutorial is written for researchers wishing to build joint models of human behavior and scalp and intracranial electroencephalographic (EEG) or magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data, and more specifically those researchers who seek to understand human cognition. Although these techniques could easily be applied to animal models, the focus of this tutorial is on human participants. Joint modeling of M/EEG and behavior requires some knowledge of existing computational and cognitive theories, M/EEG artifact correction, M/EEG analysis techniques, cognitive modeling, and programming for statistical modeling implementation. This paper seeks to give an introduction to these techniques as they apply to estimating parameters from neurocognitive models of M/EEG and human behavior, and to evaluate model results and compare models. Due to our research and knowledge on the subject matter, our examples in this paper will focus on testing specific hypotheses in human decision-making theory. However, most of the motivation and discussion of this paper applies across many modeling procedures and applications. We provide Python (and linked R) code examples in the tutorial and appendix. Readers are encouraged to try the exercises at the end of the document.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Nunez
- Psychological Methods, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Kianté Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ramesh Srinivasan
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute of Mathematical Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joachim Vandekerckhove
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Institute of Mathematical Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gordon SM, Dalangin B, Touryan J. Saccade size predicts onset time of object processing during visual search of an open world virtual environment. Neuroimage 2024; 298:120781. [PMID: 39127183 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To date the vast majority of research in the visual neurosciences have been forced to adopt a highly constrained perspective of the vision system in which stimuli are processed in an open-loop reactive fashion (i.e., abrupt stimulus presentation followed by an evoked neural response). While such constraints enable high construct validity for neuroscientific investigation, the primary outcomes have been a reductionistic approach to isolate the component processes of visual perception. In electrophysiology, of the many neural processes studied under this rubric, the most well-known is, arguably, the P300 evoked response. There is, however, relatively little known about the real-world corollary of this component in free-viewing paradigms where visual stimuli are connected to neural function in a closed-loop. While growing evidence suggests that neural activity analogous to the P300 does occur in such paradigms, it is an open question when this response occurs and what behavioral or environmental factors could be used to isolate this component. APPROACH The current work uses convolutional networks to decode neural signals during a free-viewing visual search task in a closed-loop paradigm within an open-world virtual environment. From the decoded activity we construct fixation-locked response profiles that enable estimations of the variable latency of any P300 analogue around the moment of fixation. We then use these estimates to investigate which factors best reduce variable latency and, thus, predict the onset time of the response. We consider measurable, search-related factors encompassing top-down (i.e., goal driven) and bottom-up (i.e., stimulus driven) processes, such as fixation duration and salience. We also consider saccade size as an intermediate factor reflecting the integration of these two systems. MAIN RESULTS The results show that of these factors only saccade size reliably determines the onset time of P300 analogous activity for this task. Specifically, we find that for large saccades the variability in response onset is small enough to enable analysis using traditional ensemble averaging methods. SIGNIFICANCE The results show that P300 analogous activity does occur during closed-loop, free-viewing visual search while highlighting distinct differences between the open-loop version of this response and its real-world analogue. The results also further establish saccades, and saccade size, as a key factor in real-world visual processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan Touryan
- DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lindner E, Desantis A, Cheng FPH, Gail A. Violation of identity-specific action-effect prediction increases pupil size and attenuates auditory event-related potentials at P2 latencies when action-effects are behaviorally relevant. Neuroimage 2024; 297:120717. [PMID: 38971482 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Self-initiated sensory action effects are widely assumed to lead to less intense perception and reduced neural responses compared to externally triggered stimuli (sensory attenuation). However, it is unclear if sensory attenuation occurs in all cases of action-effect prediction. Specifically, when predicted action-effects are relevant to determine follow-up actions attenuation could be detrimental. We quantified auditory event-related potentials (ERP) in electroencephalography (EEG) when human participants created two-sound sequences by pressing two keys on a keyboard associated with different pitch, giving rise to identity-specific action-effect prediction after the first keypress. The first sound corresponded to (congruent) or violated (incongruent) the predicted pitch and was either relevant for the selection of the second keypress to correctly complete the sequence (Relevance) or irrelevant (Control Movement), or there was only one keypress and sound (Baseline). We found a diminished P2-timed ERP component in incongruent compared to congruent trials when the sound was relevant for the subsequent action. This effect of action-effect prediction was due to an ERP reduction for incongruent relevant sounds compared to incongruent irrelevant sounds at P2 latencies and correlated negatively with modulations of pupil dilation. Contrary to our expectation, we did not observe an N1 modulation by congruency in any condition. Attenuation of the N1 component seems absent for predicted identity-specific auditory action effects, while P2-timed ERPs as well as pupil size are sensitive to predictability, at least when action effects are relevant for the selection of the next action. Incongruent relevant stimuli thereby take a special place and seem to be subject to attentional modulations and error processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lindner
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August University, Wilhelm-Weber-Str. 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Andrea Desantis
- The French Aerospace Lab ONERA, Département Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes, BA 701 13661 Salon Cedex AIR, 13661 Salon-de-Provence, France; Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (UMR 7289), CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Faculté de Médecine, 27, boulevard Jean Moulin, F-13005 Marseille, France; INCC - Integrative Neuroscience & Cognition Center UMR 8002, CNRS, Université de Paris, 45 Rue des Saint-Pères, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Felicia Pei-Hsin Cheng
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Germany
| | - Alexander Gail
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Psychology, Georg-August University, Wilhelm-Weber-Str. 2, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang R, Wang X, Platt ML, Sheng F. Decomposing loss aversion from a single neural signal. iScience 2024; 27:110153. [PMID: 39006480 PMCID: PMC11245989 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
People often display stronger aversion to losses than appetite for equivalent gains, a widespread phenomenon known as loss aversion. The prevailing theory attributes loss aversion to a valuation bias that amplifies losses relative to gains. An alternative account attributes loss aversion to a response bias that avoids choices that might result in loss. By modeling the temporal dynamics of scalp electrical activity during decisions to accept or reject gambles within a sequential sampling framework, we decomposed valuation bias and response bias from a single event-related neural signal, the P3. Specifically, we found valuation bias manifested as larger sensitivity of P3 to losses than gains, which was localizable to reward-related brain regions. By contrast, response bias manifested as larger P3 preceding gamble acceptance than rejection and was localizable to motor cortex. Our study reveals the dissociable neural biomarkers of response bias and valuation bias underpinning loss-averse decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Wang
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Neuromanagement Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Neuromanagement Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Michael L Platt
- Wharton Neuroscience Initiative, the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Marketing Department, the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Feng Sheng
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Neuromanagement Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Wharton Neuroscience Initiative, the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nuiten SA, de Gee JW, Zantvoord JB, Fahrenfort JJ, van Gaal S. Pharmacological Elevation of Catecholamine Levels Improves Perceptual Decisions, But Not Metacognitive Insight. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0019-24.2024. [PMID: 39029953 PMCID: PMC11287790 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0019-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Perceptual decisions are often accompanied by a feeling of decision confidence. Where the parietal cortex is known for its crucial role in shaping such perceptual decisions, metacognitive evaluations are thought to additionally rely on the (pre)frontal cortex. Because of this supposed neural differentiation between these processes, perceptual and metacognitive decisions may be divergently affected by changes in internal (e.g., attention, arousal) and external (e.g., task and environmental demands) factors. Although intriguing, causal evidence for this hypothesis remains scarce. Here, we investigated the causal effect of two neuromodulatory systems on behavioral and neural measures of perceptual and metacognitive decision-making. Specifically, we pharmacologically elevated levels of catecholamines (with atomoxetine) and acetylcholine (with donepezil) in healthy adult human participants performing a visual discrimination task in which we gauged decision confidence, while electroencephalography was measured. Where cholinergic effects were not robust, catecholaminergic enhancement improved perceptual sensitivity, while at the same time leaving metacognitive sensitivity unaffected. Neurally, catecholaminergic elevation did not affect sensory representations of task-relevant visual stimuli but instead enhanced well-known decision signals measured over the centroparietal cortex, reflecting the accumulation of sensory evidence over time. Crucially, catecholaminergic enhancement concurrently impoverished neural markers measured over the frontal cortex linked to the formation of metacognitive evaluations. Enhanced catecholaminergic neuromodulation thus improves perceptual but not metacognitive decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn A Nuiten
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Willem de Gee
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jasper B Zantvoord
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johannes J Fahrenfort
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology - Cognitive Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Simon van Gaal
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tang T, Samaha J, Peters MAK. Behavioral and neural measures of confidence using a novel auditory pitch identification task. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299784. [PMID: 38950011 PMCID: PMC11216601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Observers can discriminate between correct versus incorrect perceptual decisions with feelings of confidence. The centro-parietal positivity build-up rate (CPP slope) has been suggested as a likely neural signature of accumulated evidence, which may guide both perceptual performance and confidence. However, CPP slope also covaries with reaction time, which also covaries with confidence in previous studies, and performance and confidence typically covary; thus, CPP slope may index signatures of perceptual performance rather than confidence per se. Moreover, perceptual metacognition-including neural correlates-has largely been studied in vision, with few exceptions. Thus, we lack understanding of domain-general neural signatures of perceptual metacognition outside vision. Here we designed a novel auditory pitch identification task and collected behavior with simultaneous 32-channel EEG in healthy adults. Participants saw two tone labels which varied in tonal distance on each trial (e.g., C vs D, C vs F), then heard a single auditory tone; they identified which label was correct and rated confidence. We found that pitch identification confidence varied with tonal distance, but performance, metacognitive sensitivity (trial-by-trial covariation of confidence with accuracy), and reaction time did not. Interestingly, however, while CPP slope covaried with performance and reaction time, it did not significantly covary with confidence. We interpret these results to mean that CPP slope is likely a signature of first-order perceptual processing and not confidence-specific signals or computations in auditory tasks. Our novel pitch identification task offers a valuable method to examine the neural correlates of auditory and domain-general perceptual confidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States of America
| | - Jason Samaha
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States of America
| | - Megan A. K. Peters
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States of America
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
- Program in Brain, Mind, & Consciousness, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dou W, Martinez Arango LJ, Castaneda OG, Arellano L, Mcintyre E, Yballa C, Samaha J. Neural Signatures of Evidence Accumulation Encode Subjective Perceptual Confidence Independent of Performance. Psychol Sci 2024; 35:760-779. [PMID: 38722666 DOI: 10.1177/09567976241246561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Confidence is an adaptive computation when environmental feedback is absent, yet there is little consensus regarding how perceptual confidence is computed in the brain. Difficulty arises because confidence correlates with other factors, such as accuracy, response time (RT), or evidence quality. We investigated whether neural signatures of evidence accumulation during a perceptual choice predict subjective confidence independently of these factors. Using motion stimuli, a central-parietal positive-going electroencephalogram component (CPP) behaves as an accumulating decision variable that predicts evidence quality, RT, accuracy, and confidence (Experiment 1, N = 25 adults). When we psychophysically varied confidence while holding accuracy constant (Experiment 2, N = 25 adults), the CPP still predicted confidence. Statistically controlling for RT, accuracy, and evidence quality (Experiment 3, N = 24 adults), the CPP still explained unique variance in confidence. The results indicate that a predecision neural signature of evidence accumulation, the CPP, encodes subjective perceptual confidence in decision-making independent of task performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dou
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz
| | | | - Olenka Graham Castaneda
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine
| | | | - Emily Mcintyre
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz
| | - Claire Yballa
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz
- Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Jason Samaha
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Contier F, Wartenburger I, Weymar M, Rabovsky M. Are the P600 and P3 ERP components linked to the task-evoked pupillary response as a correlate of norepinephrine activity? Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14565. [PMID: 38469647 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
During language comprehension, anomalies and ambiguities in the input typically elicit the P600 event-related potential component. Although traditionally interpreted as a specific signal of combinatorial operations in sentence processing, the component has alternatively been proposed to be a variant of the oddball-sensitive, domain-general P3 component. In particular, both components might reflect phasic norepinephrine release from the locus coeruleus (LC/NE) to motivationally significant stimuli. In this preregistered study, we tested this hypothesis by relating both components to the task-evoked pupillary response, a putative biomarker of LC/NE activity. 36 participants completed a sentence comprehension task (containing 25% morphosyntactic violations) and a non-linguistic oddball task (containing 20% oddballs), while the EEG and pupil size were co-registered. Our results showed that the task-evoked pupillary response and the ERP amplitudes of both components were similarly affected by both experimental tasks. In the oddball task, there was also a temporally specific relationship between the P3 and the pupillary response beyond the shared oddball effect, thereby further linking the P3 to NE. Because this link was less reliable in the linguistic context, we did not find conclusive evidence for or against a relationship between the P600 and the pupillary response. Still, our findings further stimulate the debate on whether language-related ERPs are indeed specific to linguistic processes or shared across cognitive domains. However, further research is required to verify a potential link between the two ERP positivities and the LC/NE system as the common neural generator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Contier
- Cognitive Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Isabell Wartenburger
- Cognitive Sciences, Department of Linguistics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Mathias Weymar
- Cognitive Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Milena Rabovsky
- Cognitive Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
van Ede F, Nobre AC. A Neural Decision Signal during Internal Sampling from Working Memory in Humans. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1475232024. [PMID: 38538144 PMCID: PMC11079964 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1475-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
How humans transform sensory information into decisions that steer purposeful behavior is a central question in psychology and neuroscience that is traditionally investigated during the sampling of external environmental signals. The decision-making framework of gradual information sampling toward a decision has also been proposed to apply when sampling internal sensory evidence from working memory. However, neural evidence for this proposal remains scarce. Here we show (using scalp EEG in male and female human volunteers) that sampling internal visual representations from working memory elicits a scalp EEG potential associated with gradual evidence accumulation-the central parietal positivity. Consistent with an evolving decision process, we show how this signal (1) scales with the time participants require to reach a decision about the cued memory content and (2) is amplified when having to decide among multiple contents in working memory. These results bring the electrophysiology of decision-making into the domain of working memory and suggest that variability in memory-guided behavior may be driven (at least in part) by variations in the sampling of our inner mental contents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Freek van Ede
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Anna C Nobre
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
- Wu Tsai Institute and Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stone C, Mattingley JB, Bode S, Rangelov D. Distinct neural markers of evidence accumulation index metacognitive processing before and after simple visual decisions. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae179. [PMID: 38706138 PMCID: PMC11070453 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Perceptual decision-making is affected by uncertainty arising from the reliability of incoming sensory evidence (perceptual uncertainty) and the categorization of that evidence relative to a choice boundary (categorical uncertainty). Here, we investigated how these factors impact the temporal dynamics of evidence processing during decision-making and subsequent metacognitive judgments. Participants performed a motion discrimination task while electroencephalography was recorded. We manipulated perceptual uncertainty by varying motion coherence, and categorical uncertainty by varying the angular offset of motion signals relative to a criterion. After each trial, participants rated their desire to change their mind. High uncertainty impaired perceptual and metacognitive judgments and reduced the amplitude of the centro-parietal positivity, a neural marker of evidence accumulation. Coherence and offset affected the centro-parietal positivity at different time points, suggesting that perceptual and categorical uncertainty affect decision-making in sequential stages. Moreover, the centro-parietal positivity predicted participants' metacognitive judgments: larger predecisional centro-parietal positivity amplitude was associated with less desire to change one's mind, whereas larger postdecisional centro-parietal positivity amplitude was associated with greater desire to change one's mind, but only following errors. These findings reveal a dissociation between predecisional and postdecisional evidence processing, suggesting that the CPP tracks potentially distinct cognitive processes before and after a decision.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Stone
- Queensland Brain Institute, QBI Building 79, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason B Mattingley
- Queensland Brain Institute, QBI Building 79, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology, McElwain Building 24A, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stefan Bode
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Redmond Barry Building, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dragan Rangelov
- Queensland Brain Institute, QBI Building 79, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
- School of Economics, Colin Clark Building 39, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Oguz OC, Aydin B, Urgen BA. Biological motion perception in the theoretical framework of perceptual decision-making: An event-related potential study. Vision Res 2024; 218:108380. [PMID: 38479050 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Biological motion perception plays a critical role in various decisions in daily life. Failure to decide accordingly in such a perceptual task could have life-threatening consequences. Neurophysiology and computational modeling studies suggest two processes mediating perceptual decision-making. One of these signals is associated with the accumulation of sensory evidence and the other with response selection. Recent EEG studies with humans have introduced an event-related potential called Centroparietal Positive Potential (CPP) as a neural marker aligned with the sensory evidence accumulation while effectively distinguishing it from motor-related lateralized readiness potential (LRP). The present study aims to investigate the neural mechanisms of biological motion perception in the framework of perceptual decision-making, which has been overlooked before. More specifically, we examine whether CPP would track the coherence of the biological motion stimuli and could be distinguished from the LRP signal. We recorded EEG from human participants while they performed a direction discrimination task of a point-light walker stimulus embedded in various levels of noise. Our behavioral findings revealed shorter reaction times and reduced miss rates as the coherence of the stimuli increased. In addition, CPP tracked the coherence of the biological motion stimuli with a tendency to reach a common level during the response, albeit with a later onset than the previously reported results in random-dot motion paradigms. Furthermore, CPP was distinguished from the LRP signal based on its temporal profile. Overall, our results suggest that the mechanisms underlying perceptual decision-making generalize to more complex and socially significant stimuli like biological motion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osman Cagri Oguz
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Berfin Aydin
- Department of Neuroscience, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Burcu A Urgen
- Department of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Department of Neuroscience, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; Aysel Sabuncu Brain Research Center and National Magnetic Resonance Research Center (UMRAM), Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nagy B, Kojouharova P, Protzner AB, Gaál ZA. Investigating the Effect of Contextual Cueing with Face Stimuli on Electrophysiological Measures in Younger and Older Adults. J Cogn Neurosci 2024; 36:776-799. [PMID: 38437174 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_02135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Extracting repeated patterns from our surroundings plays a crucial role in contextualizing information, making predictions, and guiding our behavior implicitly. Previous research showed that contextual cueing enhances visual search performance in younger adults. In this study, we investigated whether contextual cueing could also improve older adults' performance and whether age-related differences in the neural processes underlying implicit contextual learning could be detected. Twenty-four younger and 25 older participants performed a visual search task with contextual cueing. Contextual information was generated using repeated face configurations alongside random new configurations. We measured RT difference between new and repeated configurations; ERPs to uncover the neural processes underlying contextual cueing for early (N2pc), intermediate (P3b), and late (r-LRP) processes; and multiscale entropy and spectral power density analyses to examine neural dynamics. Both younger and older adults showed similar contextual cueing benefits in their visual search efficiency at the behavioral level. In addition, they showed similar patterns regarding contextual information processing: Repeated face configurations evoked decreased finer timescale entropy (1-20 msec) and higher frequency band power (13-30 Hz) compared with new configurations. However, we detected age-related differences in ERPs: Younger, but not older adults, had larger N2pc and P3b components for repeated compared with new configurations. These results suggest that contextual cueing remains intact with aging. Although attention- and target-evaluation-related ERPs differed between the age groups, the neural dynamics of contextual learning were preserved with aging, as both age groups increasingly utilized more globally grouped representations for repeated face configurations during the learning process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boglárka Nagy
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petia Kojouharova
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea B Protzner
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zsófia Anna Gaál
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Grzybowski SJ, Wyczesany M. Hemispheric engagement during the processing of affective adjectives-an ERP divided visual field study. Laterality 2024; 29:223-245. [PMID: 38507594 DOI: 10.1080/1357650x.2024.2331278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The study looked into the hemispheres' involvement in emotional word encoding. It combined brain activity measures (ERPs) with behavioural data during the affective categorization task in the divided visual field presentation paradigm. Forty healthy right-handed student volunteers took part in the study, in which they viewed and evaluated 33 positive and 33 negative emotional adjectives presented to either the left or right visual field. We observed a marginally significant effect on the earlier time window (220-250 ms, the P2 component) with higher mean amplitudes evoked to the words presented to the right hemisphere, and then a strong effect on the 340-400 ms (the P3) with a reversed pattern (higher amplitudes for words presented to the left hemisphere). The latter effect was also visible in the error rates and RTs, with better overall performance for adjectives presented to the left hemisphere. There was also an effect on behavioural data of positive words only (higher error rates, shorter RTs). Thus, the study showed a particular "progression" pattern of hemispheric engagement: dependence of the initial stages of affective lexico-semantic processing on the right hemisphere, replaced by the left-hemispheric dominance for content evaluation and response programming stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szczepan J Grzybowski
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Faculty of Management and Social Communication, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Wyczesany
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Peters A, Helming H, Bruchmann M, Wiegandt A, Straube T, Schindler S. How and when social evaluative feedback is processed in the brain: A systematic review on ERP studies. Cortex 2024; 173:187-207. [PMID: 38422855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Social evaluative feedback informs the receiver of the other's views, which may contain judgments of personality-related traits and/or the level of likability. Such kinds of social evaluative feedback are of particular importance to humans. Event-related potentials (ERPs) can directly measure where in the processing stream feedback valence, expectancy, or contextual relevance modulate information processing. This review provides an overview and systematization of studies and early, mid-latency, and late ERP effects. Early effects were inconsistently reported for all factors. Feedback valence effects are more consistently reported for specific mid-latency ERPs (Reward Positivity, RewP, and Early Posterior Negativity, EPN) and late positivities (P3 and Late Positive Potential, LPP). Unexpected feedback consistently increased the Feedback Related Negativity (FRN) and, less consistently, decreased P3 amplitudes. Contextual relevance of the sender (e.g., human vs computer sender) or self-relatedness increased mid-latency to late ERPs. Interactions between valence and other factors were less often found, arising during mid-latency stages, where most consistent interactions showed larger EPN and P3 amplitude differences for valent feedback in a more relevant context. The ERP findings highlight that social evaluative feedback is consistently differentiated during mid-latency processing stages. The review discusses the relevance of findings, possible shortcomings of different experimental designs, and open questions. Furthermore, we suggest concrete venues for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antje Peters
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Hanne Helming
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bruchmann
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Anja Wiegandt
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schindler
- Institute for Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ko YH, Zhou A, Niessen E, Stahl J, Weiss PH, Hester R, Bode S, Feuerriegel D. Neural correlates of confidence during decision formation in a perceptual judgment task. Cortex 2024; 173:248-262. [PMID: 38432176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
When we make a decision, we also estimate the probability that our choice is correct or accurate. This probability estimate is termed our degree of decision confidence. Recent work has reported event-related potential (ERP) correlates of confidence both during decision formation (the centro-parietal positivity component; CPP) and after a decision has been made (the error positivity component; Pe). However, there are several measurement confounds that complicate the interpretation of these findings. More recent studies that overcome these issues have so far produced conflicting results. To better characterise the ERP correlates of confidence we presented participants with a comparative brightness judgment task while recording electroencephalography. Participants judged which of two flickering squares (varying in luminance over time) was brighter on average. Participants then gave confidence ratings ranging from "surely incorrect" to "surely correct". To elicit a range of confidence ratings we manipulated both the mean luminance difference between the brighter and darker squares (relative evidence) and the overall luminance of both squares (absolute evidence). We found larger CPP amplitudes in trials with higher confidence ratings. This association was not simply a by-product of differences in relative evidence (which covaries with confidence) across trials. We did not identify postdecisional ERP correlates of confidence, except when they were artificially produced by pre-response ERP baselines. These results provide further evidence for neural correlates of processes that inform confidence judgments during decision formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiu Hong Ko
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia; Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Germany; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Andong Zhou
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eva Niessen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Jutta Stahl
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter H Weiss
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Research Centre Jülich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Hester
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefan Bode
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Feuerriegel
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gherman S, Markowitz N, Tostaeva G, Espinal E, Mehta AD, O'Connell RG, Kelly SP, Bickel S. Intracranial electroencephalography reveals effector-independent evidence accumulation dynamics in multiple human brain regions. Nat Hum Behav 2024:10.1038/s41562-024-01824-9. [PMID: 38366105 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01824-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Neural representations of perceptual decision formation that are abstracted from specific motor requirements have previously been identified in humans using non-invasive electrophysiology; however, it is currently unclear where these originate in the brain. Here we capitalized on the high spatiotemporal precision of intracranial EEG to localize such abstract decision signals. Participants undergoing invasive electrophysiological monitoring for epilepsy were asked to judge the direction of random-dot stimuli and respond either with a speeded button press (N = 24), or vocally, after a randomized delay (N = 12). We found a widely distributed motor-independent network of regions where high-frequency activity exhibited key characteristics consistent with evidence accumulation, including a gradual buildup that was modulated by the strength of the sensory evidence, and an amplitude that predicted participants' choice accuracy and response time. Our findings offer a new view on the brain networks governing human decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Gherman
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA.
| | - Noah Markowitz
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Gelana Tostaeva
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Espinal
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashesh D Mehta
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Redmond G O'Connell
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simon P Kelly
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stephan Bickel
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA.
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA.
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Angulo R, Cipriani GA, Carboni A, Kessel D. Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence of different processes during a target identification task assessing perceptual learning. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 88:187-196. [PMID: 37100879 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-023-01825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to test whether a target identification task involving same and different judgments to assess the ability to differentiate between similar pre-exposed stimuli-i.e., perceptual learning-could actually be assessing two different cognitive processes. Specifically, the hypothesis was that while "different" trials might be truly assessing the ability to differentiate between the pre-exposed stimuli, "same" trials might be assessing the ability to recognize one of these stimuli as the target. To test this hypothesis, accuracy on judgments as well as reaction times and event-related potentials for same/different trials were recorded after concurrent pre-exposure to similar stimuli. If same/different trials were assessing cognitive processes with different time courses, distinct outcomes for such trials would be expected at the behavioral and neural level. Results showed that participants were very accurate both in same and different judgments, indicating that they were perfectly able to differentiate between the stimuli after their concurrent presentations. However, larger P3 latencies and slower reaction times for different trials than for same trials were found. These results seem to support the idea that cognitive processes activated in same and different trials are different due to their distinct time courses. The importance of these findings for the theoretical approaches to perceptual learning is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Germán A Cipriani
- Department of Experimental Psychology, and Brain, Mind, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Dominique Kessel
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Landry M, da Silva Castanheira J, Raz A, Baillet S, Sackur J. A lateralized alpha-band marker of the interference of exogenous attention over endogenous attention. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhad457. [PMID: 38044466 PMCID: PMC10793586 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Current theories of attention differentiate exogenous from endogenous orienting of visuospatial attention. While both forms of attention orienting engage different functional systems, endogenous and exogenous attention are thought to share resources, as shown by empirical evidence of their functional interactions. The present study aims to uncover the neurobiological basis of how salient events that drive exogenous attention disrupts endogenous attention processes. We hypothesize that interference from exogenous attention over endogenous attention involves alpha-band activity, a neural marker of visuospatial attention. To test this hypothesis, we contrast the effects of endogenous attention across two experimental tasks while we recorded electroencephalography (n = 32, both sexes): a single cueing task where endogenous attention is engaged in isolation, and a double cueing task where endogenous attention is concurrently engaged with exogenous attention. Our results confirm that the concurrent engagement of exogenous attention interferes with endogenous attention processes. We also found that changes in alpha-band activity mediate the relationship between endogenous attention and its effect on task performance, and that the interference of exogenous attention on endogenous attention occurs via the moderation of this indirect effect. Altogether, our results substantiate a model of attention, whereby endogenous and exogenous attentional processes involve the same neurophysiological resources. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Scientists differentiate top-down from bottom-up visuospatial attention processes. While bottom-up attention is rapidly engaged by emerging demands from the environment, top-down attention in contrast reflects slow voluntary shifts of spatial attention. Several lines of research substantiate the idea that top-down and bottom-up attentional processes involve distinct functional systems. An increasing number of studies, however, argue that both attention systems share brain processing resources. The current study examines how salient visual events that engage bottom-up processes interfere with top-down attentional processes. Using neurophysiological recordings and multivariate pattern classification techniques, the authors show that these patterns of interference occur within the alpha-band of neural activity (8-12 Hz), which implies that bottom-up and top-down attention processes share this narrow-band frequency brain resource. The results further demonstrate that patterns of alpha-band activity explains, in part, the interference between top-down and bottom-up attention at the behavioral level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Landry
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, ENS, PSL University, EHESS, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | | | - Amir Raz
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Sylvain Baillet
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Qc, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Jérôme Sackur
- Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, ENS, PSL University, EHESS, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
- École Polytechnique, Palaiseau 91120, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Marshall TR, Ruesseler M, Hunt LT, O’Reilly JX. The representation of priors and decisions in the human parietal cortex. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002383. [PMID: 38285671 PMCID: PMC10824454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals actively sample their environment through orienting actions such as saccadic eye movements. Saccadic targets are selected based both on sensory evidence immediately preceding the saccade, and a "salience map" or prior built-up over multiple saccades. In the primate cortex, the selection of each individual saccade depends on competition between target-selective cells that ramp up their firing rate to saccade release. However, it is less clear how a cross-saccade prior might be implemented, either in neural firing or through an activity-silent mechanism such as modification of synaptic weights on sensory inputs. Here, we present evidence from magnetoencephalography for 2 distinct processes underlying the selection of the current saccade, and the representation of the prior, in human parietal cortex. While the classic ramping decision process for each saccade was reflected in neural firing rates (measured in the event-related field), a prior built-up over multiple saccades was implemented via modulation of the gain on sensory inputs from the preferred target, as evidenced by rapid frequency tagging. A cascade of computations over time (initial representation of the prior, followed by evidence accumulation and then an integration of prior and evidence) provides a mechanism by which a salience map may be built up across saccades in parietal cortex. It also provides insight into the apparent contradiction that inactivation of parietal cortex has been shown not to affect performance on single-trials, despite the presence of clear evidence accumulation signals in this region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom R. Marshall
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Ruesseler
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence T. Hunt
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jill X. O’Reilly
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Nuffield Department for Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Das D, Shaw ME, Hämäläinen MS, Dykstra AR, Doll L, Gutschalk A. A role for retro-splenial cortex in the task-related P3 network. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 157:96-109. [PMID: 38091872 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The P3 is an event-related response observed in relation to task-relevant sensory events. Despite its ubiquitous presence, the neural generators of the P3 are controversial and not well identified. METHODS We compared source analysis of combined magneto- and electroencephalography (M/EEG) data with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and simulation studies to better understand the sources of the P3 in an auditory oddball paradigm. RESULTS Our results suggest that the dominant source of the classical, postero-central P3 lies in the retro-splenial cortex of the ventral cingulate gyrus. A second P3 source in the anterior insular cortex contributes little to the postero-central maximum. Multiple other sources in the auditory, somatosensory, and anterior midcingulate cortex are active in an overlapping time window but can be functionally dissociated based on their activation time courses. CONCLUSIONS The retro-splenial cortex is a dominant source of the parietal P3 maximum in EEG. SIGNIFICANCE These results provide a new perspective for the interpretation of the extensive research based on the P3 response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diptyajit Das
- Department of Neurology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marnie E Shaw
- College of Engineering & Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Matti S Hämäläinen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA; Harvard, MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Finland
| | - Andrew R Dykstra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA
| | - Laura Doll
- Department of Neurology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Gutschalk
- Department of Neurology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nuiten SA, de Gee JW, Zantvoord JB, Fahrenfort JJ, van Gaal S. Catecholaminergic neuromodulation and selective attention jointly shape perceptual decision-making. eLife 2023; 12:RP87022. [PMID: 38038722 PMCID: PMC10691802 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Perceptual decisions about sensory input are influenced by fluctuations in ongoing neural activity, most prominently driven by attention and neuromodulator systems. It is currently unknown if neuromodulator activity and attention differentially modulate perceptual decision-making and/or whether neuromodulatory systems in fact control attentional processes. To investigate the effects of two distinct neuromodulatory systems and spatial attention on perceptual decisions, we pharmacologically elevated cholinergic (through donepezil) and catecholaminergic (through atomoxetine) levels in humans performing a visuo-spatial attention task, while we measured electroencephalography (EEG). Both attention and catecholaminergic enhancement improved decision-making at the behavioral and algorithmic level, as reflected in increased perceptual sensitivity and the modulation of the drift rate parameter derived from drift diffusion modeling. Univariate analyses of EEG data time-locked to the attentional cue, the target stimulus, and the motor response further revealed that attention and catecholaminergic enhancement both modulated pre-stimulus cortical excitability, cue- and stimulus-evoked sensory activity, as well as parietal evidence accumulation signals. Interestingly, we observed both similar, unique, and interactive effects of attention and catecholaminergic neuromodulation on these behavioral, algorithmic, and neural markers of the decision-making process. Thereby, this study reveals an intricate relationship between attentional and catecholaminergic systems and advances our understanding about how these systems jointly shape various stages of perceptual decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stijn A Nuiten
- Department of Psychology, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Jan Willem de Gee
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Jasper B Zantvoord
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Johannes J Fahrenfort
- Department of Psychology, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology - Cognitive Psychology, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Simon van Gaal
- Department of Psychology, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kojouharova P, Nagy B, Czigler I, Gaál ZA. Mechanisms of spatial contextual cueing in younger and older adults. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14361. [PMID: 37294010 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The contextual cueing effect is the phenomenon observed when response time (RT) becomes faster in visual search in repeated context compared with a new one. In the present study, we explored whether the mechanisms involved in the effect are age dependent. We investigated it in younger (N = 20, 12 women, 21.2 ± 1.75 years) and older (N = 19, nine women, 67.05 ± 3.94 years) adults. We found a faster target identification in the repeated configurations with similar magnitude in the two age groups, which indicates that this contextual cueing effect remained intact even in the older participants. To shed light on the underlying mechanisms, we measured and compared the amplitude of three event-related potentials: N2pc, P3, and response-locked LRP. In the younger group, the larger contextual cueing effect (novel-minus-repeated RT difference) correlated positively with a larger difference in amplitude for repeated compared with novel configurations for both the N2pc and the P3 components, but there was no correlation with the response-locked lateralized readiness potential (rLRP) amplitude difference. However, in the older group, only the rLRP amplitude difference between novel and repeated configurations showed an enhancement with larger contextual cueing. These results suggest that different mechanisms are responsible for the contextual effect in the two age groups. It has both an early and an intermediate locus in younger adults: effective attentional allocation and successful stimulus categorization, or decision-making confidence are involved; while in older adults, a late locus was identified: a more efficient response organization led to a faster reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petia Kojouharova
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Nagy
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Czigler
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Anna Gaál
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Feldman JI, Dunham K, DiCarlo GE, Cassidy M, Liu Y, Suzman E, Williams ZJ, Pulliam G, Kaiser S, Wallace MT, Woynaroski TG. A Randomized Controlled Trial for Audiovisual Multisensory Perception in Autistic Youth. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:4318-4335. [PMID: 36028729 PMCID: PMC9417081 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05709-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Differences in audiovisual integration are commonly observed in autism. Temporal binding windows (TBWs) of audiovisual speech can be trained (i.e., narrowed) in non-autistic adults; this study evaluated a computer-based perceptual training in autistic youth and assessed whether treatment outcomes varied according to individual characteristics. Thirty autistic youth aged 8-21 were randomly assigned to a brief perceptual training (n = 15) or a control condition (n = 15). At post-test, the perceptual training group did not differ, on average, on TBWs for trained and untrained stimuli and perception of the McGurk illusion compared to the control group. The training benefited youth with higher language and nonverbal IQ scores; the training caused widened TBWs in youth with co-occurring cognitive and language impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob I Feldman
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MCE 8310 South Tower, 1215 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Frist Center for Autism & Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Kacie Dunham
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gabriella E DiCarlo
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Mass General Brigham Neurology Residency Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Margaret Cassidy
- Neuroscience Undergraduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Neuroscience Undergraduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Evan Suzman
- Master's Program in Biomedical Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Southwestern School of Medicine, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Zachary J Williams
- Frist Center for Autism & Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Grace Pulliam
- Neuroscience Undergraduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sophia Kaiser
- Cognitive Studies Undergraduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark T Wallace
- Frist Center for Autism & Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tiffany G Woynaroski
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, MCE 8310 South Tower, 1215 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Frist Center for Autism & Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ruesseler M, Weber LA, Marshall TR, O'Reilly J, Hunt LT. Quantifying decision-making in dynamic, continuously evolving environments. eLife 2023; 12:e82823. [PMID: 37883173 PMCID: PMC10602589 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During perceptual decision-making tasks, centroparietal electroencephalographic (EEG) potentials report an evidence accumulation-to-bound process that is time locked to trial onset. However, decisions in real-world environments are rarely confined to discrete trials; they instead unfold continuously, with accumulation of time-varying evidence being recency-weighted towards its immediate past. The neural mechanisms supporting recency-weighted continuous decision-making remain unclear. Here, we use a novel continuous task design to study how the centroparietal positivity (CPP) adapts to different environments that place different constraints on evidence accumulation. We show that adaptations in evidence weighting to these different environments are reflected in changes in the CPP. The CPP becomes more sensitive to fluctuations in sensory evidence when large shifts in evidence are less frequent, and the potential is primarily sensitive to fluctuations in decision-relevant (not decision-irrelevant) sensory input. A complementary triphasic component over occipito-parietal cortex encodes the sum of recently accumulated sensory evidence, and its magnitude covaries with parameters describing how different individuals integrate sensory evidence over time. A computational model based on leaky evidence accumulation suggests that these findings can be accounted for by a shift in decision threshold between different environments, which is also reflected in the magnitude of pre-decision EEG activity. Our findings reveal how adaptations in EEG responses reflect flexibility in evidence accumulation to the statistics of dynamic sensory environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ruesseler
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity (OHBA) University Department of Psychiatry Warneford HospitalOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Lilian Aline Weber
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity (OHBA) University Department of Psychiatry Warneford HospitalOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory QuarterOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Tom Rhys Marshall
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory QuarterOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Jill O'Reilly
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory QuarterOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Laurence Tudor Hunt
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity (OHBA) University Department of Psychiatry Warneford HospitalOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory QuarterOxfordUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nakuci J, Samaha J, Rahnev D. Brain signatures indexing variation in internal processing during perceptual decision-making. iScience 2023; 26:107750. [PMID: 37727738 PMCID: PMC10505979 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain activity is highly variable during a task. Discovering, characterizing, and linking variability in brain activity to internal processes has primarily relied on experimental manipulations. However, changes in internal processing could arise from many factors independent of experimental conditions. Here we utilize a data-driven clustering method based on modularity-maximation to identify consistent spatial-temporal EEG activity patterns across individual trials. Subjects (N = 25) performed a motion discrimination task with six interleaved levels of coherence. Clustering identified two discrete subtypes of trials with different patterns of activity. Surprisingly, Subtype 1 occurred more frequently in trials with lower motion coherence but was associated with faster response times. Computational modeling suggests that Subtype 1 was characterized by a lower threshold for reaching a decision. These results highlight across-trial variability in decision processes traditionally hidden to experimenters and provide a method for identifying endogenous brain state variability relevant to cognition and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan Nakuci
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jason Samaha
- Department of Psychology, The University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Dobromir Rahnev
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
den Ouden C, Zhou A, Mepani V, Kovács G, Vogels R, Feuerriegel D. Stimulus expectations do not modulate visual event-related potentials in probabilistic cueing designs. Neuroimage 2023; 280:120347. [PMID: 37648120 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans and other animals can learn and exploit repeating patterns that occur within their environments. These learned patterns can be used to form expectations about future sensory events. Several influential predictive coding models have been proposed to explain how learned expectations influence the activity of stimulus-selective neurons in the visual system. These models specify reductions in neural response measures when expectations are fulfilled (termed expectation suppression) and increases following surprising sensory events. However, there is currently scant evidence for expectation suppression in the visual system when confounding factors are taken into account. Effects of surprise have been observed in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals, but not when using electrophysiological measures. To provide a strong test for expectation suppression and surprise effects we performed a predictive cueing experiment while recording electroencephalographic (EEG) data. Participants (n=48) learned cue-face associations during a training session and were then exposed to these cue-face pairs in a subsequent experiment. Using univariate analyses of face-evoked event-related potentials (ERPs) we did not observe any differences across expected (90% probability), neutral (50%) and surprising (10%) face conditions. Across these comparisons, Bayes factors consistently favoured the null hypothesis throughout the time-course of the stimulus-evoked response. When using multivariate pattern analysis we did not observe above-chance classification of expected and surprising face-evoked ERPs. By contrast, we found robust within- and across-trial stimulus repetition effects. Our findings do not support predictive coding-based accounts that specify reduced prediction error signalling when perceptual expectations are fulfilled. They instead highlight the utility of other types of predictive processing models that describe expectation-related phenomena in the visual system without recourse to prediction error signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla den Ouden
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andong Zhou
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vinay Mepani
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gyula Kovács
- Institute of Psychology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Rufin Vogels
- Laboratorium voor Neuro- en Psychofysiologie, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel Feuerriegel
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Das D, Shaw ME, Hämäläinen MS, Dykstra AR, Doll L, Gutschalk A. A role for retro-splenial cortex in the task-related P3 network. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.03.530970. [PMID: 36945516 PMCID: PMC10028840 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.03.530970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective The P3 is an event-related response observed in relation to task-relevant sensory events. Despite its ubiquitous presence, the neural generators of the P3 are controversial and not well identified. Methods We compared source analysis of combined magneto- and electroencephalography (M/EEG) data with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and simulation studies to better understand the sources of the P3 in an auditory oddball paradigm. Results Our results suggest that the dominant source of the classical, postero-central P3 lies in the retro-splenial cortex of the ventral cingulate gyrus. A second P3 source in the anterior insular cortex contributes little to the postero-central maximum. Multiple other sources in the auditory, somatosensory, and anterior midcingulate cortex are active in an overlapping time window but can be functionally dissociated based on their activation time courses. Conclusion The retro-splenial cortex is a dominant source of the parietal P3 maximum in EEG. Significance These results provide a new perspective for the interpretation of the extensive research based on the P3 response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diptyajit Das
- Department of Neurology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marnie E. Shaw
- College of Engineering & Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Matti S. Hämäläinen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, USA
- Harvard, MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University school of Science, Finland
| | - Andrew R. Dykstra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, USA
| | - Laura Doll
- Department of Neurology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Gutschalk
- Department of Neurology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Xu BX, Ding Y, Bilal M, Wang MY. Event-related potentials for investigating the willingness to recycle household medical waste. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20722. [PMID: 37842614 PMCID: PMC10570574 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Household medical waste (HMW) recycling in the reverse supply chain has become a primary channel for infectious, toxic, or radioactive substances for environmental protection and a circular economy. Recycling managers need to understand the recycling decision-making mechanisms of households to improve the intention-behavior gap and recycling participation rate, especially in cognitive neuroscience. This study designed an event-related potential (ERPs) experiment to explore the differences in ERPs components between the willingness and unwillingness to make recycling decisions. Our findings confirmed that willingness and unwillingness to recycle can lead to a significant difference in the P300 and N400 scores. A larger P300 was evoked by willingness rather than unwillingness in the prefrontal, frontal, and frontal-temporal regions. This indicates that willingness to recycle results from a rational choice in the decision-making process. However, a larger N400 was evoked by unwillingness rather than willingness in the parietal, parietal-occipital, and occipital regions. A negative wave was evoked in households unwilling to recycle because they thought it was dangerous and unsanitary, causing a higher conflict with intrinsic cognition. The combination of HMW recycling decisions and neurology may accurately measure pro-environmental decision-making processes through brain science. Advancing the knowledge of psychological and brain mechanism activities for understanding pro-environmental choices. In turn, this can help recycling managers to accurately understand household demands for increasing the recycling intention and designing effective HMW take-back systems to solve the intention-behavior gap related to the global recycling dilemma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Xiu Xu
- School of Economics and Management, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Yi Ding
- School of Economics and Management, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Economics and Management, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, PR China
| | - Mia Y. Wang
- Department of Computer Science, College of Charleston, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fields EC. The P300, the LPP, context updating, and memory: What is the functional significance of the emotion-related late positive potential? Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 192:43-52. [PMID: 37586592 PMCID: PMC10838602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The emotion-related late positive potential (LPP) of the event-related potential (ERP) has been the topic of many studies over the previous two decades, but the function of this component (the cognitive process that it reflects) is very much an open question. In this paper, I build on frameworks that suggest a close relationship between the LPP and the P300 component of the ERP to argue that the classic context updating account of the P300 may provide insights into the function of the LPP. I then review broader connections between the LPP and memory, and I connect the LPP to research and theory in the area of emotional memory. I argue that while a relationship between the LPP and attention has been widely noted in the literature, connections to memory have been overlooked and that a memory-related process should be considered as one candidate for the function of the LPP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Fields
- Department of Psychology, Westminster College, 319 South Market Street, New Wilmington, PA 16172, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Brosnan M, Pearce DJ, O'Neill MH, Loughnane GM, Fleming B, Zhou SH, Chong T, Nobre AC, O Connell RG, Bellgrove MA. Evidence Accumulation Rate Moderates the Relationship between Enriched Environment Exposure and Age-Related Response Speed Declines. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6401-6414. [PMID: 37507230 PMCID: PMC10500991 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2260-21.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Older adults exposed to enriched environments (EEs) maintain relatively higher levels of cognitive function, even in the face of compromised markers of brain health. Response speed (RS) is often used as a simple proxy to measure the preservation of global cognitive function in older adults. However, it is unknown which specific selection, decision, and/or motor processes provide the most specific indices of neurocognitive health. Here, using a simple decision task with electroencephalography (EEG), we found that the efficiency with which an individual accumulates sensory evidence was a critical determinant of the extent to which RS was preserved in older adults (63% female, 37% male). Moreover, the mitigating influence of EE on age-related RS declines was most pronounced when evidence accumulation rates were shallowest. These results suggest that the phenomenon of cognitive reserve, whereby high EE individuals can better tolerate suboptimal brain health to facilitate the preservation of cognitive function, is not just applicable to neuroanatomical indicators of brain aging but can be observed in markers of neurophysiology. Our results suggest that EEG metrics of evidence accumulation may index neurocognitive vulnerability of the aging brain.Significance Statement Response speed in older adults is closely linked with trajectories of cognitive aging. Here, by recording brain activity while individuals perform a simple computer task, we identify a neural metric that is a critical determinant of response speed. Older adults exposed to greater cognitive and social stimulation throughout a lifetime could maintain faster responding, even when this neural metric was impaired. This work suggests EEG is a useful technique for interrogating how a lifetime of stimulation benefits brain health in aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Méadhbh Brosnan
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Pearce
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Megan H O'Neill
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gerard M Loughnane
- School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin 1, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Bryce Fleming
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Shou-Han Zhou
- Department of Psychology, James Cook University, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia
| | - Trevor Chong
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Anna C Nobre
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Redmond G O Connell
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- School of Business, National College of Ireland, Dublin 1, Ireland
| | - Mark A Bellgrove
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Scaltritti M, Greatti E, Sulpizio S. Electrophysiological evidence of discontinuities in the propagation of lexical decision processes across the motor hierarchy. Neuropsychologia 2023; 188:108630. [PMID: 37380101 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
This research assessed the propagation of decisional effects across multiple electrophysiological indexes related to motor-response implementation within a lexical decision task, a paradigmatic case of a 2-alternative choice task on linguistic stimuli. By co-registering electroencephalographic and electromyographic data, we focused on the lexicality effect (i.e., the difference between responses to words and nonwords), and we tracked its influence across indexes of motor-response planning (indexed by effector-selective lateralization of beta-frequency desynchronizations), programming (indexed by the lateralized readiness potential) and execution (indexed by the chronometric durations of muscular responses). In addition, we explored corticomuscular coherence as the potential physiological underpinning of a continuous mapping of information between stimulus evaluation and response channels. The results revealed lexicality effects only on indexes of motor planning and execution, with no reliable involvement of the other measures. This pattern is discussed with reference to the hypothesis of multiple decisional components exerting different influences across the motor-hierarchy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Scaltritti
- Dipartimento di Psicologia e Scienze Cognitive, Università Degli Studi di Trento, Corso Bettini 31, 38068, Rovereto TN, Italy.
| | - Elena Greatti
- Dipartimento di Psicologia e Scienze Cognitive, Università Degli Studi di Trento, Corso Bettini 31, 38068, Rovereto TN, Italy
| | - Simone Sulpizio
- Dipartimento di Psicologia - Università Degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milano MI, Italy; Milan Center for Neuroscience (NeuroMI) - Università Degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza Dell'Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milano MI, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Geuzebroek AC, Craddock H, O'Connell RG, Kelly SP. Balancing true and false detection of intermittent sensory targets by adjusting the inputs to the evidence accumulation process. eLife 2023; 12:e83025. [PMID: 37646405 PMCID: PMC10547474 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Decisions about noisy stimuli are widely understood to be made by accumulating evidence up to a decision bound that can be adjusted according to task demands. However, relatively little is known about how such mechanisms operate in continuous monitoring contexts requiring intermittent target detection. Here, we examined neural decision processes underlying detection of 1 s coherence targets within continuous random dot motion, and how they are adjusted across contexts with weak, strong, or randomly mixed weak/strong targets. Our prediction was that decision bounds would be set lower when weak targets are more prevalent. Behavioural hit and false alarm rate patterns were consistent with this, and were well captured by a bound-adjustable leaky accumulator model. However, beta-band EEG signatures of motor preparation contradicted this, instead indicating lower bounds in the strong-target context. We thus tested two alternative models in which decision-bound dynamics were constrained directly by beta measurements, respectively, featuring leaky accumulation with adjustable leak, and non-leaky accumulation of evidence referenced to an adjustable sensory-level criterion. We found that the latter model best explained both behaviour and neural dynamics, highlighting novel means of decision policy regulation and the value of neurally informed modelling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Geuzebroek
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Hannah Craddock
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University College DublinDublinIreland
- Department of Statistics, University of WarwickWarwickUnited Kingdom
| | - Redmond G O'Connell
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Simon P Kelly
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and UCD Centre for Biomedical Engineering, University College DublinDublinIreland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kotlewska I, Panek B, Nowicka A, Asanowicz D. Posterior theta activity reveals an early signal of self-face recognition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13823. [PMID: 37620563 PMCID: PMC10449829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-related visual information, especially one's own face and name, are processed in a specific, prioritized way. However, the spatio-temporal brain dynamics of self-prioritization have remained elusive. Moreover, it has been unclear whether this prioritization is an effect of enhancement and amplification, or rather a facilitating automatization of processing self-referential information. In this EEG study, 25 married women (who changed their surnames after marriage, so that their past and present surnames could be used as stimuli) performed a detection task with faces and names from five categories: self, self from the past, friend, famous, and unknown person. The aim was to determine the temporal and spatial characteristics of early electrophysiological markers of self-referential processing. We report results of event-related component (ERP) and time-frequency analyses. In the ERPs, the earliest self-relevance effect was displayed only 300 ms after stimulus onset in the midfrontal N2, and later in the parietal P3b, independently of the stimulus type. No self-relevance effect was found on the N170 component. However, local theta power at the occipito-temporal (visual) areas and inter-regional theta phase coherence between the visual and midfrontal areas showed that self-relevance differentiation of faces began already about 100-300 ms after stimulus onset. No such early effects were found for names. The results are discussed in terms of the time-course, functional localization, stimulus-specificity, and automatization of self-prioritization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kotlewska
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Panek
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Nowicka
- Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteura 3, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Asanowicz
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30-060, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Campbell EM, Singh G, Claus ED, Witkiewitz K, Costa VD, Hogeveen J, Cavanagh JF. Electrophysiological Markers of Aberrant Cue-Specific Exploration in Hazardous Drinkers. COMPUTATIONAL PSYCHIATRY (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2023; 7:47-59. [PMID: 38774639 PMCID: PMC11104413 DOI: 10.5334/cpsy.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Hazardous drinking is associated with maladaptive alcohol-related decision-making. Existing studies have often focused on how participants learn to exploit familiar cues based on prior reinforcement, but little is known about the mechanisms that drive hazardous drinkers to explore novel alcohol cues when their value is not known. Methods We investigated exploration of novel alcohol and non-alcohol cues in hazardous drinkers (N = 27) and control participants (N = 26) during electroencephalography (EEG). A normative computational model with two free parameters was fit to estimate participants' weighting of the future value of exploration and immediate value of exploitation. Results Hazardous drinkers demonstrated increased exploration of novel alcohol cues, and conversely, increased probability of exploiting familiar alternatives instead of exploring novel non-alcohol cues. The motivation to explore novel alcohol stimuli in hazardous drinkers was driven by an elevated relative future valuation of uncertain alcohol cues. P3a predicted more exploratory decision policies driven by an enhanced relative future valuation of novel alcohol cues. P3b did not predict choice behavior, but computational parameter estimates suggested that hazardous drinkers with enhanced P3b to alcohol cues were likely to learn to exploit their immediate expected value. Conclusions Hazardous drinkers did not display atypical choice behavior, different P3a/P3b amplitudes, or computational estimates to novel non-alcohol cues-diverging from previous studies in addiction showing atypical generalized explore-exploit decisions with non-drug-related cues. These findings reveal that cue-specific neural computations may drive aberrant alcohol-related decision-making in hazardous drinkers-highlighting the importance of drug-relevant cues in studies of decision-making in addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M. Campbell
- Department of Psychology & Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico, US
| | - Garima Singh
- Department of Psychology & Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico, US
| | - Eric D. Claus
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, US
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- Department of Psychology & Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico, US
| | - Vincent D. Costa
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, US
| | - Jeremy Hogeveen
- Department of Psychology & Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico, US
| | - James F. Cavanagh
- Department of Psychology & Psychology Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of New Mexico, US
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Nakuci J, Samaha J, Rahnev D. Brain signatures indexing variation in internal processing during perceptual decision-making. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.10.523502. [PMID: 36711566 PMCID: PMC9882071 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.10.523502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Brain activity is highly variable even while performing the same cognitive task with consequences for performance. Discovering, characterizing, and linking variability in brain activity to internal processes has primarily relied on experimentally inducing changes (e.g., via attention manipulation) to identify neuronal and behavioral consequences or studying spontaneous changes in ongoing brain dynamics. However, changes in internal processing could arise from many factors, such as variation in strategy or arousal, that are independent of experimental conditions. Here we utilize a data-driven clustering method based on modularity-maximation to identify consistent spatial-temporal EEG activity patterns across individual trials and relate this activity to behavioral performance. Subjects (N = 25) performed a motion direction discrimination task with six interleaved levels of motion coherence. Modularity-maximization based clustering identified two discrete spatial-temporal clusters, or subtypes, of trials with different patterns of brain activity. Surprisingly, even though Subtype 1 occurred more frequently with lower motion coherence, it was nonetheless associated with faster response times. Computational modeling suggests that Subtype 1 was characterized by a lower threshold for reaching a decision. These results highlight trial-to-trial variability in decision processes usually masked to experimenters and provide a method for identifying endogenous brain state variability relevant to cognition and behavior.
Collapse
|
41
|
Gu B, Liu B, Beltrán D, de Vega M. ERP evidence for emotion-specific congruency effects between sentences and new words with disgust and sadness connotations. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1154442. [PMID: 37251037 PMCID: PMC10213552 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1154442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The present study investigated how new words with acquired connotations of disgust and sadness, both negatively valenced but distinctive emotions, modulate the brain dynamics in the context of emotional sentences. Methods Participants completed a learning session in which pseudowords were repeatedly paired with faces expressing disgust and sadness. An event-related potential (ERP) session followed the next day, in which participants received the learned pseudowords (herein, new words) combined with sentences and were asked to make emotional congruency judgment. Results Sad new words elicited larger negative waveform than disgusting new words in the 146-228 ms time window, and emotionally congruent trials showed larger positive waveform than emotionally incongruent trials in the 304-462 ms time window. Moreover, the source localization in the latter suggested that congruent trials elicited larger current densities than incongruent trials in a number of emotion-related brain structures (e.g., the orbitofrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus) and language-related brain structures (e.g., the temporal lobe and the lingual gyrus). Discussion These results suggested that faces are an effective source for the acquisition of words' emotional connotations, and such acquired connotations can generate semantic and emotional congruency effects in sentential contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beixian Gu
- Institute for Language and Cognition, School of Foreign Languages, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Bo Liu
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- School of Foreign Languages, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - David Beltrán
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
- Psychology Department, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel de Vega
- Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia (IUNE), Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Liu C, Lin Y, Ye C, Yang J, He W. Alpha ERS-ERD Pattern during Divergent and Convergent Thinking Depends on Individual Differences on Metacontrol. J Intell 2023; 11:jintelligence11040074. [PMID: 37103259 PMCID: PMC10144848 DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11040074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of metacontrol in creativity is theoretically assumed, but experimental evidence is still lacking. In this study, we investigated how metacontrol affects creativity from the perspective of individual differences. Sixty participants completed the metacontrol task, which was used to divide participants into a high-metacontrol group (HMC) versus a low (LMC) group. Then, these participants performed the alternate uses task (AUT; divergent thinking) and the remote associates test (RAT; convergent thinking), while their EEG results were recorded continuously. Regarding their behavior, the HMC group showed superior creative performance in the AUT and RAT, compared with the LMC group. For the electrophysiology, the HMC group showed larger stimulus-locked P1 and P3 amplitudes than the LMC group. Furthermore, the HMC group exhibited smaller alpha desynchronization (ERD) than the LMC group at the initial stages of the AUT task, followed by a flexible switching between alpha synchronization and desynchronization (ERS-ERD) during the process of selective retention in the AUT. In addition, the HMC group evoked smaller alpha ERD during the initial retrieval and the backtracking process in the RAT, associated with cognitive control adaptability. The aforementioned results indicate that metacontrol reliably contributes to the idea generation process, and HMC individuals could flexibly adjust their cognitive control strategies according to the demand for creative idea generation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Liu
- School of Psychology, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Yuhong Lin
- School of Psychology, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Chaoqun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Jiaqin Yang
- School of Psychology, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| | - Wenguang He
- School of Psychology, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
LoTemplio SB, Lopes CL, McDonnell AS, Scott EE, Payne BR, Strayer DL. Updating the relationship of the Ne/ERN to task-related behavior: A brief review and suggestions for future research. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1150244. [PMID: 37082151 PMCID: PMC10110987 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1150244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The error negativity/error-related negativity (Ne/ERN) is one of the most well-studied event-related potential (ERP) components in the electroencephalography (EEG) literature. Peaking about 50 ms after the commission of an error, the Ne/ERN is a negative deflection in the ERP waveform that is thought to reflect error processing in the brain. While its relationships to trait constructs such as anxiety are well-documented, there is still little known about how the Ne/ERN may subsequently influence task-related behavior. In other words, does the occurrence of the Ne/ERN trigger any sort of error corrective process, or any other behavioral adaptation to avoid errors? Several theories have emerged to explain how the Ne/ERN may implement or affect behavior on a task, but evidence supporting each has been mixed. In the following manuscript, we review these theories, and then systematically discuss the reasons that there may be discrepancies in the literature. We review both the inherent biological factors of the neural regions that underlie error-processing in the brain, and some of the researcher-induced factors in analytic and experimental choices that may be exacerbating these discrepancies. We end with a table of recommendations for future researchers who aim to understand the relationship between the Ne/ERN and behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara B. LoTemplio
- Human Dimensions of Natural Resources, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Clara Louise Lopes
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Amy S. McDonnell
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Emily E. Scott
- Department of Psychology, Vermont State University, Johnson, VT, United States
| | - Brennan R. Payne
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - David L. Strayer
- Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Brockhoff L, Elias EA, Bruchmann M, Schindler S, Moeck R, Straube T. The effects of visual perceptual load on detection performance and event-related potentials to auditory stimuli. Neuroimage 2023; 273:120080. [PMID: 37011716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Load Theory states that perceptual load prevents, or at least reduces, the processing of task-unrelated stimuli. This study systematically examined the detection and neural processing of auditory stimuli unrelated to a visual foreground task. The visual task was designed to create continuous perceptual load, alternated between low and high load, and contained performance feedback to motivate participants to focus on the visual task instead of the auditory stimuli presented in the background. The auditory stimuli varied in intensity, and participants signaled their subjective perception of these stimuli without receiving feedback. Depending on stimulus intensity, we observed load effects on detection performance and P3 amplitudes of the event-related potential (ERP). N1 amplitudes were unaffected by perceptual load, as tested by Bayesian statistics. Findings suggest that visual perceptual load affects the processing of auditory stimuli in a late time window, which is associated with a lower probability of reported awareness of these stimuli.
Collapse
|
45
|
Brockhoff L, Vetter L, Bruchmann M, Schindler S, Moeck R, Straube T. The effects of visual working memory load on detection and neural processing of task-unrelated auditory stimuli. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4342. [PMID: 36927846 PMCID: PMC10020478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
While perceptual load has been proposed to reduce the processing of task-unrelated stimuli, theoretical arguments and empirical findings for other forms of task load are inconclusive. Here, we systematically investigated the detection and neural processing of auditory stimuli varying in stimulus intensity during a stimuli-unrelated visual working memory task alternating between low and high load. We found, depending on stimulus strength, decreased stimulus detection and reduced P3, but unaffected N1 amplitudes of the event-related potential to auditory stimuli under high as compared to low load. In contrast, load independent awareness effects were observed during both early (N1) and late (P3) time windows. Findings suggest a late neural effect of visual working memory load on auditory stimuli leading to lower probability of reported awareness of these stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Brockhoff
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Laura Vetter
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bruchmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schindler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Robert Moeck
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bermudez-Contreras E, Schjetnan AGP, Luczak A, Mohajerani MH. Sensory experience selectively reorganizes the late component of evoked responses. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:2626-2640. [PMID: 35704850 PMCID: PMC10016043 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to sensory stimulation, the cortex exhibits an early transient response followed by late and slower activation. Recent studies suggest that the early component represents features of the stimulus while the late component is associated with stimulus perception. Although very informative, these studies only focus on the amplitude of the evoked responses to study its relationship with sensory perception. In this work, we expand upon the study of how patterns of evoked and spontaneous activity are modified by experience at the mesoscale level using voltage and extracellular glutamate transient recordings over widespread regions of mouse dorsal neocortex. We find that repeated tactile or auditory stimulation selectively modifies the spatiotemporal patterns of cortical activity, mainly of the late evoked response in anesthetized mice injected with amphetamine and also in awake mice. This modification lasted up to 60 min and results in an increase in the amplitude of the late response after repeated stimulation and in an increase in the similarity between the spatiotemporal patterns of the late early evoked response. This similarity increase occurs only for the evoked responses of the sensory modality that received the repeated stimulation. Thus, this selective long-lasting spatiotemporal modification of the cortical activity patterns might provide evidence that evoked responses are a cortex-wide phenomenon. This work opens new questions about how perception-related cortical activity changes with sensory experience across the cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Bermudez-Contreras
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | | | - Artur Luczak
- Canadian Centre for Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Majid H Mohajerani
- Corresponding author: Department of Neuroscience, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Irak M, Soylu C, Yavuz M. Comparing event-related potentials of retrospective and prospective metacognitive judgments during episodic and semantic memory. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1949. [PMID: 36732355 PMCID: PMC9895064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28595-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether metacognitive judgments are made on the basis of domain-generality or domain-specificity. In the current study, we compared both behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) correlates of retrospective (retrospective confidence judgments: RCJs), and prospective (feeling of knowing: FOK) metacognitive judgments during episodic and semantic memory tasks in 82 participants. Behavioral results indicated that FOK judgments reflect a domain-specific process, while RCJ reflect a domain-general process. RCJ and FOK judgments produced similar ERP waveforms within the memory tasks, but with different temporal dynamics; thus supporting the hypothesis that retrospective and prospective metacognitive judgments are distinct processes. Our ERP results also suggest that metacognitive judgments are linked to distributed neural substrates, rather than purely frontal lobe functioning. Furthermore, the role of intra-subject and inter-subject differences in metacognitive judgments across and within the memory tasks are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Metehan Irak
- Department of Psychology Brain and Cognition Research Laboratory, Bahçeşehir University, Çırağan Cad. No: 4 Beşiktaş, Istanbul, 34353, Turkey.
| | - Can Soylu
- Department of Psychology Brain and Cognition Research Laboratory, Bahçeşehir University, Çırağan Cad. No: 4 Beşiktaş, Istanbul, 34353, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yavuz
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sui J, He X, Golubickis M, Svensson SL, Neil Macrae C. Electrophysiological correlates of self-prioritization. Conscious Cogn 2023; 108:103475. [PMID: 36709725 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2023.103475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Personally relevant stimuli exert a powerful influence on social cognition. What is not yet fully understood, however, is how early in the processing stream self-relevance influences decisional operations. Here we used a shape-label matching task in conjunction with electroencephalography and computational modeling to explore this issue. A theoretically important pattern of results was observed. First, a standard self-prioritization effect emerged indicating that responses to self-related items were faster and more accurate than responses to other-related stimuli. Second, a hierarchical drift diffusion model analysis revealed that this effect was underpinned by the enhanced uptake of evidence from self-related stimuli. Third, self-other discrimination during matching trials was observed at both early posterior N1 and late centro-parietal P3 components. Fourth, whereas the N1 was associated with the rate of information accumulation during decisional processing, P3 activity was linked with the evidential requirements of response selection. These findings elucidate the electrophysiological correlates of self-prioritization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sui
- School of Psychology, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
| | - Xun He
- Department of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Poole, England, UK
| | - Marius Golubickis
- School of Psychology, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Saga L Svensson
- School of Psychology, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - C Neil Macrae
- School of Psychology, King's College, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Gain-loss separability in human- but not computer-based changes of mind. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2023.107712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
|
50
|
Azizi Z, Ebrahimpour R. Explaining Integration of Evidence Separated by Temporal Gaps with Frontoparietal Circuit Models. Neuroscience 2023; 509:74-95. [PMID: 36457229 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Perceptual decisions rely on accumulating sensory evidence over time. However, the accumulation process is complicated in real life when evidence resulted from separated cues over time. Previous studies demonstrate that participants are able to integrate information from two separated cues to improve their performance invariant to an interval between the cues. However, there is no neural model that can account for accuracy and confidence in decisions when there is a time interval in evidence. We used behavioral and EEG datasets from a visual choice task -Random dot motion- with separated evidence to investigate three candid distributed neural networks. We showed that decisions based on evidence accumulation by separated cues over time are best explained by the interplay of recurrent cortical dynamics of centro-parietal and frontal brain areas while an uncertainty-monitoring module included in the model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Azizi
- Department of Cognitive Modeling, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Ebrahimpour
- Institute for Convergence Science and Technology (ICST), Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, P.O.Box: 11155-8639, Iran; Faculty of Computer Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Postal Box: 16785-163, Tehran, Iran; School of Cognitive Sciences (SCS), Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Niavaran, Postal Box: 19395-5746, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|