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Duchesneau K, Defrenne CE, Petro C, Malhotra A, Moore JAM, Childs J, Hanson PJ, Iversen CM, Kostka JE. Responses of vascular plant fine roots and associated microbial communities to whole-ecosystem warming and elevated CO 2 in northern peatlands. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:1333-1347. [PMID: 38515239 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Warming and elevated CO2 (eCO2) are expected to facilitate vascular plant encroachment in peatlands. The rhizosphere, where microbial activity is fueled by root turnover and exudates, plays a crucial role in biogeochemical cycling, and will likely at least partially dictate the response of the belowground carbon cycle to climate changes. We leveraged the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experiment, to explore the effects of a whole-ecosystem warming gradient (+0°C to 9°C) and eCO2 on vascular plant fine roots and their associated microbes. We combined trait-based approaches with the profiling of fungal and prokaryote communities in plant roots and rhizospheres, through amplicon sequencing. Warming promoted self-reliance for resource uptake in trees and shrubs, while saprophytic fungi and putative chemoorganoheterotrophic bacteria utilizing plant-derived carbon substrates were favored in the root zone. Conversely, eCO2 promoted associations between trees and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Trees mostly associated with short-distance exploration-type fungi that preferentially use labile soil N. Additionally, eCO2 decreased the relative abundance of saprotrophs in tree roots. Our results indicate that plant fine-root trait variation is a crucial mechanism through which vascular plants in peatlands respond to climate change via their influence on microbial communities that regulate biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Duchesneau
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Camille E Defrenne
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, 49931, USA
| | - Caitlin Petro
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Jessica A M Moore
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Joanne Childs
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Joel E Kostka
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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2
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Korn R, Berg C, Bersier LF, Gray SM, Thallinger GG. Habitat conditions and not moss composition mediate microbial community structure in Swiss peatlands. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16631. [PMID: 38757479 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Peatlands, one of the oldest ecosystems, globally store significant amounts of carbon and freshwater. However, they are under severe threat from human activities, leading to changes in water, nutrient and temperature regimes in these delicate systems. Such shifts can trigger a substantial carbon flux into the atmosphere and diminish the water-holding capacity of peatlands. Microbes associated with moss in peatlands play a crucial role in providing these ecosystem services, which are at risk due to global change. Therefore, understanding the factors influencing microbial composition and function is vital. Our study focused on five peatlands along an altitudinal gradient in Switzerland, where we sampled moss on hummocks containing Sarracenia purpurea. Structural equation modelling revealed that habitat condition was the primary predictor of community structure and directly influenced other environmental variables. Interestingly, the microbial composition was not linked to the local moss species identity. Instead, microbial communities varied significantly between sites due to differences in acidity levels and nitrogen availability. This finding was also mirrored in a co-occurrence network analysis, which displayed a distinct distribution of indicator species for acidity and nitrogen availability. Therefore, peatland conservation should take into account the critical habitat characteristics of moss-associated microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Korn
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Sarah M Gray
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard G Thallinger
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- OMICS Center Graz, BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
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3
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Gios E, Verbruggen E, Audet J, Burns R, Butterbach-Bahl K, Espenberg M, Fritz C, Glatzel S, Jurasinski G, Larmola T, Mander Ü, Nielsen C, Rodriguez AF, Scheer C, Zak D, Silvennoinen HM. Unraveling microbial processes involved in carbon and nitrogen cycling and greenhouse gas emissions in rewetted peatlands by molecular biology. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 2024; 167:609-629. [PMID: 38707517 PMCID: PMC11068585 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-024-01122-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Restoration of drained peatlands through rewetting has recently emerged as a prevailing strategy to mitigate excessive greenhouse gas emissions and re-establish the vital carbon sequestration capacity of peatlands. Rewetting can help to restore vegetation communities and biodiversity, while still allowing for extensive agricultural management such as paludiculture. Belowground processes governing carbon fluxes and greenhouse gas dynamics are mediated by a complex network of microbial communities and processes. Our understanding of this complexity and its multi-factorial controls in rewetted peatlands is limited. Here, we summarize the research regarding the role of soil microbial communities and functions in driving carbon and nutrient cycling in rewetted peatlands including the use of molecular biology techniques in understanding biogeochemical processes linked to greenhouse gas fluxes. We emphasize that rapidly advancing molecular biology approaches, such as high-throughput sequencing, are powerful tools helping to elucidate the dynamics of key biogeochemical processes when combined with isotope tracing and greenhouse gas measuring techniques. Insights gained from the gathered studies can help inform efficient monitoring practices for rewetted peatlands and the development of climate-smart restoration and management strategies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10533-024-01122-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Gios
- NINA, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, PO Box 5685, Torgarden, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erik Verbruggen
- Plants and Ecosystems Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Joachim Audet
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rachel Burns
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
- Department of Agroecology, Pioneer Center for Research in Sustainable Agricultural Futures (Land-CRAFT), Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikk Espenberg
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 St., Vanemuise, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christian Fritz
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences (RIBES), Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Glatzel
- Department of Geography and Regional Research, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Jurasinski
- Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Landscape Ecology and Site Evaluation, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Department of Maritime Systems, Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Rostock, Albert- Einstein-Straße 3, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Tuula Larmola
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ülo Mander
- Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 St., Vanemuise, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Claudia Nielsen
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
- CBIO, Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Andres F. Rodriguez
- Department of Agroecology, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Clemens Scheer
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Dominik Zak
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna M. Silvennoinen
- NINA, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, PO Box 5685, Torgarden, NO-7485 Trondheim, Norway
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4
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Kilner CL, Carrell AA, Wieczynski DJ, Votzke S, DeWitt K, Yammine A, Shaw J, Pelletier DA, Weston DJ, Gibert JP. Temperature and CO 2 interactively drive shifts in the compositional and functional structure of peatland protist communities. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17203. [PMID: 38433341 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Microbes affect the global carbon cycle that influences climate change and are in turn influenced by environmental change. Here, we use data from a long-term whole-ecosystem warming experiment at a boreal peatland to answer how temperature and CO2 jointly influence communities of abundant, diverse, yet poorly understood, non-fungi microbial Eukaryotes (protists). These microbes influence ecosystem function directly through photosynthesis and respiration, and indirectly, through predation on decomposers (bacteria and fungi). Using a combination of high-throughput fluid imaging and 18S amplicon sequencing, we report large climate-induced, community-wide shifts in the community functional composition of these microbes (size, shape, and metabolism) that could alter overall function in peatlands. Importantly, we demonstrate a taxonomic convergence but a functional divergence in response to warming and elevated CO2 with most environmental responses being contingent on organismal size: warming effects on functional composition are reversed by elevated CO2 and amplified in larger microbes but not smaller ones. These findings show how the interactive effects of warming and rising CO2 levels could alter the structure and function of peatland microbial food webs-a fragile ecosystem that stores upwards of 25% of all terrestrial carbon and is increasingly threatened by human exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Kilner
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Bird Conservancy of the Rockies, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Alyssa A Carrell
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Samantha Votzke
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katrina DeWitt
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrea Yammine
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan Shaw
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dale A Pelletier
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - David J Weston
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jean P Gibert
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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5
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McKeown MM, Burge OR, Richardson SJ, Wood JR, Mitchell EAD, Wilmshurst JM. Biomonitoring tool for New Zealand peatlands: Testate amoebae and vascular plants as promising bioindicators. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120243. [PMID: 38422571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In the last two centuries, a high proportion of peatlands have been lost or severely degraded across the world. The value of peatlands is now well-recognised for biodiversity conservation, flood management, and carbon mitigation, with peatland restoration now central to many government policies for climate action. A challenge, however, is to determine 'natural' and 'disturbed' conditions of peatlands to establish realistic baselines for assessing degradation and setting restoration targets. This requires a tool or set of tools that can rapidly and reliably capture peatland condition across space and time. Our aim was to develop such a tool based on combined analysis of plant and testate amoebae; a group of shelled protists commonly used as indicators of ecological change in peatlands. The value of testate amoebae is well established in Northern Hemisphere Sphagnum-dominated peatlands; however, relatively little work has been undertaken for Southern Hemisphere peat forming systems. Here we provide the first assessment and comparison of the bioindicator value of testate amoebae and vascular plants in the context of Southern Hemisphere peatlands. Our results further demonstrate the unique ecohydrological dynamics at play in New Zealand peat forming systems that set them apart from Northern Hemisphere peatlands. Our results show that plant and testate amoeba communities provided valuable information on peatland condition at different scales, we found that testate amoebae tracked changes in the abiotic variables (depth to water table, pH, and conductivity) more closely than vascular plants. Our results further demonstrate that functional traits of testate amoebae showed promising relationships with disturbance. Amoeba test compression, aperture position and test size were linked to changes in hydrology driven by fluctuations in ground water tables; however, trait responses manifested differently in ombrotrophic and minerotrophic peatlands. Overall, testate amoebae provide a promising bioindicator for tracking degradation in New Zealand peatlands and a potential additional tool to assess peatland condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M McKeown
- Department of Geography, University College Cork, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 TK30, Ireland.
| | - Olivia R Burge
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, 54 Gerald Street, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, 54 Gerald Street, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
| | - Jamie R Wood
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Unit, University of Adelaide, Darling, South Australia, Australia
| | - Edward A D Mitchell
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, CH-2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Janet M Wilmshurst
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, 54 Gerald Street, Lincoln, 7640, New Zealand
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6
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Wang K, Bi B, Zhu K, Wen M, Han F. Responses of soil dissolved organic carbon properties to the desertification of desert wetlands in the Mu Us Sandy Land. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120318. [PMID: 38387347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
In desert wetlands, the decline in ground water table results in desertification, triggering soil carbon and nutrient loss. However, the impacts of desertification on soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) properties which determine the turnover of soil carbon and nutrients are unclear. Here, the desertification gradient was represented by the distance from the wetland center (0∼240 m) traversing reed marshes, desert shrubs and bare sandy land in the Hongjian Nur Basin, north China. Soil DOC properties were determined by ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Results showed that soil DOC content decreased significantly from 107.23 mg kg-1 to 8.44 mg kg-1 by desertification (p < 0.05). However, the proportion of DOC to soil organic carbon (SOC) was gradually significantly increased. According to spectral parameters, microbial-derived DOC decreased from 0 to 120 m (reed marshes to desert shrubs) but increased from 120 to 240 m (desert shrubs to bare sandy lands), with a reverse hump-shaped distribution pattern. The molecular weight and aromaticity of DOC increased from 0 to 120 m but decreased from 120 to 240 m, with a hump-shaped distribution pattern. For the DOC composition, although the relative abundances of humic-acid components remained stable (p > 0.05), they were ultimately decreased by serious desertification and the amino acids became the dominant component. A similar change pattern was also found for humification index. Additionally, MBC and C:N were the two most important variables in determining the content and spectral properties, respectively. Together, these findings relationships between the soil DOC properties and desertification degree, especially the increase in DOC proportion and the decrease in humification degree, which may reduce soil C stabilization in the Hongjian Nur Basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Boyuan Bi
- Shannxi Key Laboratory of Qinling Ecological Intelligent Monitoring and Protection,School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kanghui Zhu
- Research Center on Soil & Water Conservation, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Fengpeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China; Research Center on Soil & Water Conservation, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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7
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Qin Y, Bobrov A, Puppe D, Li H, Man B, Gong J, Wang J, Cui Y, Gu Y, Herzschuh U, Xie S. Testate amoebae (Protozoa) in lakes of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Biodiversity, community structures, and protozoic biosilicification in relation to environmental properties and climate warming. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169661. [PMID: 38159770 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is characterized by a vast number of frozen and unfrozen freshwater reservoirs, which is why it is also called "the third pole" of the Earth or "Asian Water Tower". We analyzed testate amoeba (TA) biodiversity and corresponding protozoic biosilicification in lake sediments of the QTP in relation to environmental properties (freshwater conditions, elevation, and climate). As TA are known as excellent bio-indicators, our results allowed us to derive conclusions about the influence of climate warming on TA communities and microbial biogeochemical silicon (Si) cycling. We found a total of 113 TA taxa including some rare and one unknown species in the analyzed lake sediments of the QTP highlighting the potential of this remote region for TA biodiversity. >1/3 of the identified TA taxa were relatively small (<30 μm) reflecting the relatively harsh environmental conditions in the examined lakes. TA communities were strongly affected by physico-chemical properties of the lakes, especially water temperature and pH, but also elevation and climate conditions (temperature, precipitation). Our study reveals climate-related changes in TA biodiversity with consequences for protozoic biosilicification. As the warming trend in the QTP is two to three times faster compared to the global average, our results provide not only deeper insights into the relations between TA biodiversity and environmental properties, but also predictions of future developments in other regions of the world. Moreover, our results provide fundamental data for paleolimnological reconstructions. Thus, examining the QTP is helpful to understand microbial biogeochemical Si cycling in the past, present, and future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmin Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Anatoly Bobrov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gori, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Daniel Puppe
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Hui Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Baiying Man
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yongde Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yansheng Gu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ulrike Herzschuh
- Institute for Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Shucheng Xie
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change, School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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8
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Coe K, Carter B, Slate M, Stanton D. Moss functional trait ecology: Trends, gaps, and biases in the current literature. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2024; 111:e16288. [PMID: 38366744 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Functional traits are critical tools in plant ecology for capturing organism-environment interactions based on trade-offs and making links between organismal and ecosystem processes. While broad frameworks for functional traits have been developed for vascular plants, we lack the same for bryophytes, despite an escalation in the number of studies on bryophyte functional trait in the last 45 years and an increased recognition of the ecological roles bryophytes play across ecosystems. In this review, we compiled data from 282 published articles (10,005 records) that focused on functional traits measured in mosses and sought to examine trends in types of traits measured, capture taxonomic and geographic breadth of trait coverage, reveal biases in coverage in the current literature, and develop a bryophyte-function index (BFI) to describe the completeness of current trait coverage and identify global gaps to focus research efforts. The most commonly measured response traits (those related to growth/reproduction in individual organisms) and effect traits (those that directly affect community/ecosystem scale processes) fell into the categories of morphology (e.g., leaf area, shoot height) and nutrient storage/cycling, and our BFI revealed that these data were most commonly collected from temperate and boreal regions of Europe, North America, and East Asia. However, fewer than 10% of known moss species have available functional trait information. Our synthesis revealed a need for research on traits related to ontogeny, sex, and intraspecific plasticity and on co-measurement of traits related to water relations and bryophyte-mediated soil processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Coe
- Department of Biology, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Benjamin Carter
- Department of Biological Sciences, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA
| | - Mandy Slate
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Present address: Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Daniel Stanton
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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9
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Buttler A, Bragazza L, Laggoun-Défarge F, Gogo S, Toussaint ML, Lamentowicz M, Chojnicki BH, Słowiński M, Słowińska S, Zielińska M, Reczuga M, Barabach J, Marcisz K, Lamentowicz Ł, Harenda K, Lapshina E, Gilbert D, Schlaepfer R, Jassey VEJ. Ericoid shrub encroachment shifts aboveground-belowground linkages in three peatlands across Europe and Western Siberia. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:6772-6793. [PMID: 37578632 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In northern peatlands, reduction of Sphagnum dominance in favour of vascular vegetation is likely to influence biogeochemical processes. Such vegetation changes occur as the water table lowers and temperatures rise. To test which of these factors has a significant influence on peatland vegetation, we conducted a 3-year manipulative field experiment in Linje mire (northern Poland). We manipulated the peatland water table level (wet, intermediate and dry; on average the depth of the water table was 17.4, 21.2 and 25.3 cm respectively), and we used open-top chambers (OTCs) to create warmer conditions (on average increase of 1.2°C in OTC plots compared to control plots). Peat drying through water table lowering at this local scale had a larger effect than OTC warming treatment per see on Sphagnum mosses and vascular plants. In particular, ericoid shrubs increased with a lower water table level, while Sphagnum decreased. Microclimatic measurements at the plot scale indicated that both water-level and temperature, represented by heating degree days (HDDs), can have significant effects on the vegetation. In a large-scale complementary vegetation gradient survey replicated in three peatlands positioned along a transitional oceanic-continental and temperate-boreal (subarctic) gradient (France-Poland-Western Siberia), an increase in ericoid shrubs was marked by an increase in phenols in peat pore water, resulting from higher phenol concentrations in vascular plant biomass. Our results suggest a shift in functioning from a mineral-N-driven to a fungi-mediated organic-N nutrient acquisition with shrub encroachment. Both ericoid shrub encroachment and higher mean annual temperature in the three sites triggered greater vascular plant biomass and consequently the dominance of decomposers (especially fungi), which led to a feeding community dominated by nematodes. This contributed to lower enzymatic multifunctionality. Our findings illustrate mechanisms by which plants influence ecosystem responses to climate change, through their effect on microbial trophic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Buttler
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luca Bragazza
- Agroscope, Field-Crop Systems and Plant Nutrition, Nyon, Switzerland
| | | | - Sebastien Gogo
- UMR-CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Marie-Laure Toussaint
- Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR, CNRS 6249, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Mariusz Lamentowicz
- Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Bogdan H Chojnicki
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Słowiński
- Past Landscape Dynamic Laboratory, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sandra Słowińska
- Climate Research Department, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Zielińska
- Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Reczuga
- Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jan Barabach
- Department of Land Improvement, Environmental Development and Spatial Management, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Marcisz
- Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Lamentowicz
- Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kamila Harenda
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Daniel Gilbert
- Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, UMR, CNRS 6249, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Rodolphe Schlaepfer
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent E J Jassey
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering (ENAC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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10
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Yang Q, Yan Y, Huang J, Wang Z, Feng M, Cheng H, Zhang P, Zhang H, Xu J, Zhang M. The Impact of Warming on Assembly Processes and Diversity Patterns of Bacterial Communities in Mesocosms. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2807. [PMID: 38004818 PMCID: PMC10672829 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria in lake water bodies and sediments play crucial roles in various biogeochemical processes. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of bacterioplankton and sedimentary bacteria community composition and assembly processes across multiple seasons in 18 outdoor mesocosms exposed to three temperature scenarios. Our findings reveal that warming and seasonal changes play a vital role in shaping microbial diversity, species interactions, and community assembly disparities in water and sediment ecosystems. We observed that the bacterioplankton networks were more fragile, potentially making them susceptible to disturbances, whereas sedimentary bacteria exhibited increased stability. Constant warming and heatwaves had contrasting effects: heatwaves increased stability in both planktonic and sedimentary bacteria communities, but planktonic bacterial networks became more fragile under constant warming. Regarding bacterial assembly, stochastic processes primarily influenced the composition of planktonic and sedimentary bacteria. Constant warming intensified the stochasticity of bacterioplankton year-round, while heatwaves caused a slight shift from stochastic to deterministic in spring and autumn. In contrast, sedimentary bacteria assembly is mainly dominated by drift and remained unaffected by warming. Our study enhances our understanding of how bacterioplankton and sedimentary bacteria communities respond to global warming across multiple seasons, shedding light on the complex dynamics of microbial ecosystems in lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (M.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Yifeng Yan
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (M.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Jinhe Huang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (M.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Zhaolei Wang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (M.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Mingjun Feng
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (M.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Haowu Cheng
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (M.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Peiyu Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (P.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Huan Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (P.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; (P.Z.); (H.Z.); (J.X.)
| | - Min Zhang
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (Q.Y.); (Y.Y.); (J.H.); (Z.W.); (M.F.); (H.C.)
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11
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Zhao Y, Liu C, Li X, Ma L, Zhai G, Feng X. Sphagnum increases soil's sequestration capacity of mineral-associated organic carbon via activating metal oxides. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5052. [PMID: 37598219 PMCID: PMC10439956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphagnum wetlands are global hotspots for carbon storage, conventionally attributed to the accumulation of decay-resistant litter. However, the buildup of mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) with relatively slow turnover has rarely been examined therein. Here, employing both large-scale comparisons across major terrestrial ecosystems and soil survey along Sphagnum gradients in distinct wetlands, we show that Sphagnum fosters a notable accumulation of metal-bound organic carbon (OC) via activating iron and aluminum (hydr)oxides in the soil. The unique phenolic and acidic metabolites of Sphagnum further strengthen metal-organic associations, leading to the dominance of metal-bound OC in soil MAOC. Importantly, in contrast with limited MAOC sequestration potentials elsewhere, MAOC increases linearly with soil OC accrual without signs of saturation in Sphagnum wetlands. These findings collectively demonstrate that Sphagnum acts as an efficient 'rust engineer' that largely boosts the rusty carbon sink in wetlands, potentially increasing long-term soil carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chengzhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lixiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guoqing Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaojuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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12
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Petro C, Carrell AA, Wilson RM, Duchesneau K, Noble-Kuchera S, Song T, Iversen CM, Childs J, Schwaner G, Chanton JP, Norby RJ, Hanson PJ, Glass JB, Weston DJ, Kostka JE. Climate drivers alter nitrogen availability in surface peat and decouple N 2 fixation from CH 4 oxidation in the Sphagnum moss microbiome. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3159-3176. [PMID: 36999440 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Peat mosses (Sphagnum spp.) are keystone species in boreal peatlands, where they dominate net primary productivity and facilitate the accumulation of carbon in thick peat deposits. Sphagnum mosses harbor a diverse assemblage of microbial partners, including N2 -fixing (diazotrophic) and CH4 -oxidizing (methanotrophic) taxa that support ecosystem function by regulating transformations of carbon and nitrogen. Here, we investigate the response of the Sphagnum phytobiome (plant + constituent microbiome + environment) to a gradient of experimental warming (+0°C to +9°C) and elevated CO2 (+500 ppm) in an ombrotrophic peatland in northern Minnesota (USA). By tracking changes in carbon (CH4 , CO2 ) and nitrogen (NH4 -N) cycling from the belowground environment up to Sphagnum and its associated microbiome, we identified a series of cascading impacts to the Sphagnum phytobiome triggered by warming and elevated CO2 . Under ambient CO2 , warming increased plant-available NH4 -N in surface peat, excess N accumulated in Sphagnum tissue, and N2 fixation activity decreased. Elevated CO2 offset the effects of warming, disrupting the accumulation of N in peat and Sphagnum tissue. Methane concentrations in porewater increased with warming irrespective of CO2 treatment, resulting in a ~10× rise in methanotrophic activity within Sphagnum from the +9°C enclosures. Warming's divergent impacts on diazotrophy and methanotrophy caused these processes to become decoupled at warmer temperatures, as evidenced by declining rates of methane-induced N2 fixation and significant losses of keystone microbial taxa. In addition to changes in the Sphagnum microbiome, we observed ~94% mortality of Sphagnum between the +0°C and +9°C treatments, possibly due to the interactive effects of warming on N-availability and competition from vascular plant species. Collectively, these results highlight the vulnerability of the Sphagnum phytobiome to rising temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations, with significant implications for carbon and nitrogen cycling in boreal peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Petro
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alyssa A Carrell
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rachel M Wilson
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Katherine Duchesneau
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sekou Noble-Kuchera
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tianze Song
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Colleen M Iversen
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joanne Childs
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Geoff Schwaner
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Chanton
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Richard J Norby
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul J Hanson
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jennifer B Glass
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David J Weston
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
- Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joel E Kostka
- Center for Microbial Dynamics and Infection, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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13
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Marcisz K, Belka Z, Dopieralska J, Jakubowicz M, Karpińska-Kołaczek M, Kołaczek P, Mauquoy D, Słowiński M, Zieliński M, Lamentowicz M. Neodymium isotopes in peat reveal past local environmental disturbances. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:161859. [PMID: 36709903 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the neodymium (Nd) isotope composition of mineral matter from peat cores has seen increasingly common use as a tracer of dust influx associated with major changes in the Holocene atmospheric circulation. However, the incomplete understanding of the local controls on the sources of the sediment supplied to peatlands remains a key difficulty in the interpretation of the archived Nd isotope signals. Here, we used neodymium isotopes to reconstruct environmental disturbances in peatlands. We performed a multi-proxy study of two peatlands that experienced peatland burning and validated the recorded peat Nd signatures using reference surface sampling. Our data show a link between the Nd isotope signals and local environmental disturbances: peat burning, local fire activity and pollution fluxes. Our study illustrates the crucial role of identifying local events that influence the supply of mineral material to peatlands. Insufficient recognition of such local controls may either obscure the large-scale variations in the atmospheric circulation patterns, or introduce artefacts to the Holocene climate record. We also provide recommendations for the use of Nd isotopes in palaeoecological studies of peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Marcisz
- Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Zdzislaw Belka
- Isotope Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dopieralska
- Isotope Laboratory, Poznań Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | - Piotr Kołaczek
- Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dmitri Mauquoy
- School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Michał Słowiński
- Past Landscape Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Mariusz Lamentowicz
- Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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14
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The Effects of Vegetation and the Environment on Testate Amoeba Assemblages in Sphagnum Peatlands in the Northern Caucasus Mountains. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15020258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interactions among the functional groups of living organisms within ecosystems is a main challenge in ecology. This question is particularly important in relation to the interactions between the above- and below-ground components of terrestrial ecosystems. We investigated the effects of macro- (geographic position and mire size) and micro-environmental (pH, water table depth, water mineralization and temperature) characteristics and vegetation composition (both vascular plants and bryophytes) on the species structure of testate amoeba assemblages in eight Sphagnum-dominated mires across the Northern Caucasus Mountains (Russia). In total, 97 testate amoeba species from 34 genera were identified. A multiple factor analysis indicated the strongest relationships between the species structure of the testate amoeba assemblages and the local vegetation, especially bryophytes, whereas the interaction with the micro-environmental characteristics was the weakest. Among the micro-environmental data, the strongest effects on the species composition of all the assemblages were detected for the pH followed by the water table depth and water temperature. The variance partitioning of the species structure of the testate amoeba assemblages in response to the abiotic and biotic data indicated that most of the variance was related to the bryophyte and vascular plant assemblages, whereas the contribution of the environmental data was lower. Moreover, most of the effects were highly related to each other, so that the proportion of the jointly explained variation was high, whereas the individual effects were much lower.
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15
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Sytiuk A, Hamard S, Céréghino R, Dorrepaal E, Geissel H, Küttim M, Lamentowicz M, Tuittila ES, Jassey VEJ. Linkages between Sphagnum metabolites and peatland CO 2 uptake are sensitive to seasonality in warming trends. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1164-1178. [PMID: 36336780 PMCID: PMC10108112 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce a wide diversity of metabolites. Yet, our understanding of how shifts in plant metabolites as a response to climate change feedback on ecosystem processes remains scarce. Here, we test to what extent climate warming shifts the seasonality of metabolites produced by Sphagnum mosses, and what are the consequences of these shifts for peatland C uptake. We used a reciprocal transplant experiment along a climate gradient in Europe to simulate climate change. We evaluated the responses of primary and secondary metabolites in five Sphagnum species and related their responses to gross ecosystem productivity (GEP). When transplanted to a warmer climate, Sphagnum species showed consistent responses to warming, with an upregulation of either their primary or secondary metabolite according to seasons. Moreover, these shifts were correlated to changes in GEP, especially in spring and autumn. Our results indicate that the Sphagnum metabolome is very plastic and sensitive to warming. We also show that warming-induced changes in the seasonality of Sphagnum metabolites have consequences on peatland GEP. Our findings demonstrate the capacity for plant metabolic plasticity to impact ecosystem C processes and reveal a further mechanism through which Sphagnum could shape peatland responses to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sytiuk
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE)Université Paul Sabatier, CNRSF‐31000ToulouseFrance
| | - Samuel Hamard
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE)Université Paul Sabatier, CNRSF‐31000ToulouseFrance
| | - Régis Céréghino
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE)Université Paul Sabatier, CNRSF‐31000ToulouseFrance
| | - Ellen Dorrepaal
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Climate Impacts Research CentreUmeå UniversitySE‐981 07AbiskoSweden
| | - Honorine Geissel
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE)Université Paul Sabatier, CNRSF‐31000ToulouseFrance
| | - Martin Küttim
- Institute of Ecology, School of Natural Sciences and HealthTallinn UniversityUus‐Sadama 510120TallinnEstonia
| | - Mariusz Lamentowicz
- Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological SciencesAdam Mickiewicz University in PoznańBogumiła Krygowskiego 1061‐680PoznańPoland
| | - Eeva Stiina Tuittila
- School of Forest SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuu CampusFI‐80100JoensuuFinland
| | - Vincent E. J. Jassey
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE)Université Paul Sabatier, CNRSF‐31000ToulouseFrance
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16
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Bhuiyan R, Mäkiranta P, Straková P, Fritze H, Minkkinen K, Penttilä T, Rajala T, Tuittila ES, Laiho R. Fine-root biomass production and its contribution to organic matter accumulation in sedge fens under changing climate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159683. [PMID: 36336060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change may affect the carbon sink function of peatlands through warming and drying. Fine-root biomass production (FRBP) of sedge fens, a widespread peatland habitat, is important in this context, since most of the biomass is below ground in these ecosystems. We examined the response of fine-root biomass production, depth distribution (10 cm intervals down to 60 cm), chemical characteristics, and decomposition along with other main litter types (sedge leaves, Sphagnum moss shoots) to an average May-to-October warming of 1.7 °C above ambient daily mean temperature and drying of 2-8 cm below ambient soil water-table level (WL) in two sedge fens situated in Northern and Southern Boreal zones. Warming was induced with open top chambers and drying with shallow ditching. Finally, we simulated short-term organic matter (OM) accumulation using net primary production and mass loss data. Total FRBP, and FRBP in deeper layers, was clearly higher in southern than northern fen. Drying significantly increased, and warming marginally increased, total FRBP, while warming significantly increased, and drying marginally increased, the proportional share of FRBP in deeper layers. Drying, especially, modified root chemistry as the relative proportions of fats, wax, lipids, lignin and other aromatics increased while the proportion of polysaccharides decreased. Warming did not affect the decomposition of any litter types, while drying reduced the decomposition of sedge leaf litter. Although drying increased OM accumulation from root litter at both fens, total OM accumulation decreased at the southern fen, while the northern fen with overall lower values showed no such pattern. Our results suggest that in warmer and/or modestly drier conditions, sedge fen FRBP will increase and/or be allocated to deeper soil layers. These changes along with the altered litter inputs may sustain the soil carbon sink function through OM accumulation, unless the WL falls below a tipping point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabbil Bhuiyan
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Box 2 (Latokartanonkaari 9), FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 7), FI-00014 Helsinki University, Finland.
| | - Päivi Mäkiranta
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Box 2 (Latokartanonkaari 9), FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Petra Straková
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Box 2 (Latokartanonkaari 9), FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 7), FI-00014 Helsinki University, Finland.
| | - Hannu Fritze
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Box 2 (Latokartanonkaari 9), FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kari Minkkinen
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 7), FI-00014 Helsinki University, Finland.
| | - Timo Penttilä
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Box 2 (Latokartanonkaari 9), FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tuomas Rajala
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Box 2 (Latokartanonkaari 9), FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eeva-Stiina Tuittila
- Peatland and Soil Ecology Group, School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Box 111 (Yliopistokatu 7), FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Raija Laiho
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Box 2 (Latokartanonkaari 9), FI-00791 Helsinki, Finland.
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17
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Structuring Life After Death: Plant Leachates Promote CO2 Uptake by Regulating Microbial Biofilm Interactions in a Northern Peatland Ecosystem. Ecosystems 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-023-00820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AbstractShifts in plant functional groups associated with climate change have the potential to influence peatland carbon storage by altering the amount and composition of organic matter available to aquatic microbial biofilms. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential for plant subsidies to regulate ecosystem carbon flux (CO2) by governing the relative proportion of primary producers (microalgae) and heterotrophic decomposers (heterotrophic bacteria) during aquatic biofilm development in an Alaskan fen. We evaluated biofilm composition and CO2 flux inside mesocosms with and without nutrients (both nitrogen and phosphorus), organic carbon (glucose), and leachates from common peatland plants (moss, sedge, shrub, horsetail). Experimental mesocosms were exposed to either natural sunlight or placed under a dark canopy to evaluate the response of decomposers to nutrients and carbon subsidies with and without algae, respectively. Algae were limited by inorganic nutrients and heterotrophic bacteria were limited by organic carbon. The quality of organic matter varied widely among plants and leachate nutrient content, more so than carbon quality, influenced biofilm composition. By alleviating nutrient limitation of algae, plant leachates shifted the biofilm community toward autotrophy in the light-transparent treatments, resulting in a significant reduction in CO2 emissions compared to the control. Without the counterbalance from algal photosynthesis, a heterotrophic biofilm significantly enhanced CO2 emissions in the presence of plant leachates in the dark. These results show that plants not only promote carbon uptake directly through photosynthesis, but also indirectly through a surrogate, the phototrophic microbes.
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18
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Arróniz-Crespo M, Bougoure J, Murphy DV, Cutler NA, Souza-Egipsy V, Chaput DL, Jones DL, Ostle N, Wade SC, Clode PL, DeLuca TH. Revealing the transfer pathways of cyanobacterial-fixed N into the boreal forest through the feather-moss microbiome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1036258. [PMID: 36570951 PMCID: PMC9780503 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1036258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biological N2 fixation in feather-mosses is one of the largest inputs of new nitrogen (N) to boreal forest ecosystems; however, revealing the fate of newly fixed N within the bryosphere (i.e. bryophytes and their associated organisms) remains uncertain. METHODS Herein, we combined 15N tracers, high resolution secondary ion mass-spectrometry (NanoSIMS) and a molecular survey of bacterial, fungal and diazotrophic communities, to determine the origin and transfer pathways of newly fixed N2 within feather-moss (Pleurozium schreberi) and its associated microbiome. RESULTS NanoSIMS images reveal that newly fixed N2, derived from cyanobacteria, is incorporated into moss tissues and associated bacteria, fungi and micro-algae. DISCUSSION These images demonstrate that previous assumptions that newly fixed N2 is sequestered into moss tissue and only released by decomposition are not correct. We provide the first empirical evidence of new pathways for N2 fixed in feather-mosses to enter the boreal forest ecosystem (i.e. through its microbiome) and discuss the implications for wider ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Arróniz-Crespo
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
- School of Agricultural Engineering, CEIGRAM, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jeremy Bougoure
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Daniel V. Murphy
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Nick A. Cutler
- Department of Geography, Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Virginia Souza-Egipsy
- Servicio de Microscopıa Electronica, Instituto Ciencias Agrarias CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Davey L. Jones
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
- Centre for Sustainable Farming Systems, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Nicholas Ostle
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen C. Wade
- Advanced Microscopy and Bioimaging, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, United Kingdom
| | - Peta L. Clode
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Thomas H. DeLuca
- Department of Forest Ecosystems & Society, College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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19
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Dang Z, Luo Z, Wang S, Liao Y, Jiang Z, Zhu X, Ji G. Using hierarchical stable isotope to reveal microbial food web structure and trophic transfer efficiency differences during lake melt season. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156893. [PMID: 35753488 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The microbial food web (MFW) is a material and energy source in lake water ecosystems. Although it is crucial to determine its structure and function for water ecological health, MFW changes during lake melt period have not been well studied. In this study, the MFW was divided into three categories by analyzing its structure and trophic transfer efficiency using hierarchical C/N stable isotopes and eDNA sequencing techniques, including the detrital food web (DFC, 15 %), classical grazing food web (CFC, 60 %), and mixed trophic food web (MFC, 25 %). The trophic structure and type of MFW in ice-melting lakes are always in the process of succession and adaptation, which is in a relatively low trophic transfer efficiency stage under stable conditions (i.e. CFC), whereas the input of exogenous debris and organic pollutants may lead to an increase in MFW trophic transfer efficiency (i.e. MFC, DFC). The trophic transfer efficiency from the previous trophic level to protozoa and micrometazoa was 16.32 % and 20.77 % in DFC and 10.20 % and 29.43 % in MFC, respectively. Both are obviously higher than those of the CFC (11.69 % and 9.45 %, respectively). In terms of trophic structure, the community interaction and trophic cascade effect of DFC and MFC were enhanced but easily changed with environmental factors. In contrast, the core species and cascading effects of the CFC were clearer, and the MFW structure was relatively stable. Overall, this study reveals that the explosive increase in MFW trophic transfer efficiency induced by exogenous input during the lake melt period may subsequently lead to the destabilization of the microbial community structure and cause potential ecological risks. These are manifested in the absence of ecological trophic processes, the decrease in trophic structure complexity and stability, and the weakening of microecology self-adaptive regulation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhu Dang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhongxin Luo
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; National Research Center for Sustainable Hydropower Development, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yinhao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhuo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xianfang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guodong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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20
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Chen KH, Nelson J. A scoping review of bryophyte microbiota: diverse microbial communities in small plant packages. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4496-4513. [PMID: 35536989 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant health depends not only on the condition of the plant itself but also on its diverse community of microbes, or microbiota. Just like the better-studied angiosperms, bryophytes (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts) harbor diverse communities of bacteria, archaea, fungi, and other microbial eukaryotes. Bryophytes are increasingly recognized as important model systems for understanding plant evolution, development, physiology, and symbiotic interactions. Much of the work on bryophyte microbiota in the past focused on specific symbiont types for each bryophyte group, but more recent studies are taking a broader view acknowledging the coexistence of diverse microbial communities in bryophytes. Therefore, this review integrates studies of bryophyte microbes from both perspectives to provide a holistic view of the existing research for each bryophyte group and on key themes. The systematic search also reveals the taxonomic and geographic biases in this field, including a severe under-representation of the tropics, very few studies on viruses or eukaryotic microbes beyond fungi, and a focus on mycorrhizal fungi studies in liverworts. Such gaps may have led to errors in conclusions about evolutionary patterns in symbiosis. This analysis points to a wealth of future research directions that promise to reveal how the distinct life cycles and physiology of bryophytes interact with their microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko-Hsuan Chen
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jessica Nelson
- Maastricht Science Programme, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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21
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Bao T, Jia G, Xu X. Warming enhances dominance of vascular plants over cryptogams across northern wetlands. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4097-4109. [PMID: 35364612 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming causes profound effects on structure and function of wetland ecosystem, thus affecting regional and global hydrological cycles and carbon budgets. However, how wetland plants respond to warming is still poorly understood. Here, we synthesized observations from 273 independent sites to explore responses of northern wetland plants to warming. Our results show that warming enhances biomass accumulation for vascular plants including shrubs and graminoids, whereas it reduces biomass accumulation for cryptogams including moss and lichen. This divergent response of vascular plants and cryptogams is particularly pronounced in the high latitudes where permafrost prevails. As warming continues, this divergent response is amplified, however, the reduction in cryptogams is more drastic. Warming leads to declined surface soil moisture and lowered water table, thereby shifting wetlands from a wet system dominated by cryptogams to a drier system with increased cover of vascular plants. Under a high-emission scenario of Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP5), a 4.7-5.1°C mean global temperature rise will cause more than fivefold loss of cryptogams compared with current climate. As cryptogams are largely concentrated at northern high latitudes, where warming will likely be greater than the projected global mean, modification in wetland plant composition and major reduction in cryptogams are expected to occur even much earlier than 2100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Bao
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gensuo Jia
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Antala M, Juszczak R, van der Tol C, Rastogi A. Impact of climate change-induced alterations in peatland vegetation phenology and composition on carbon balance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154294. [PMID: 35247401 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Global climate is changing faster than humankind has ever experienced. Model-based predictions of future climate are becoming more complex and precise, but they still lack crucial information about the reaction of some important ecosystems, such as peatlands. Peatlands belong to one of the largest carbon stores on the Earth. They are mostly distributed in high latitudes, where the temperature rises faster than in the other parts of the planet. Warmer climate and changes in precipitation patterns cause changes in the composition and phenology of peatland vegetation. Peat mosses are becoming less abundant, vascular plants cover is increasing, and the vegetation season and phenophases of vascular plants start sooner. The alterations in vegetation cause changes in the carbon assimilation and release of greenhouse gases. Therefore, this article reviews the impact of climate change-induced alterations in peatland vegetation phenology and composition on future climate and the uncertainties that need to be addressed for more accurate climate prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Antala
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Juszczak
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań, Poland
| | - Christiaan van der Tol
- Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań, Poland; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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23
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Wu Y, Xu X, McCarter CPR, Zhang N, Ganzoury MA, Waddington JM, de Lannoy CF. Assessing leached TOC, nutrients and phenols from peatland soils after lab-simulated wildfires: Implications to source water protection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153579. [PMID: 35114220 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pollutant leaching from wildfire-impacted peatland soils (peat) is well-known, but often underestimated when considering boreal ecosystem source water protection and when treating source waters to provide clean drinking water. Burning peat impacts its physical properties and chemical composition, yet the consequences of these transformations to source water quality through pollutant leaching has not been studied in detail. We combusted near-surface boreal peat under simulated peat smoldering conditions at two temperatures (250 °C and 300 °C) and quantified the concentrations of the leached carbon, nutrients and phenols from 5 g peat L-1 reverse osmosis (RO) water suspensions over a 2-day leaching period. For the conditions studied, measured water quality parameters exceeded US surface water guidelines and even exceeded EU and Canadian wastewater/sewer discharge limits including chemical oxygen demand (COD) (125 mg/L), total nitrogen (TN) (15 mg/L), and total phosphorus (TP) (2 mg/L). Phenols were close to or higher than the suggested water supply standard established by US EPA (1 mg/L). Leached carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus mainly came from the organic fraction of peats. Heating peats to 250 °C promoted the leaching of carbon-related pollutants, whereas heating to 300 °C enhanced the leaching of nutrients. Post-heated peats leached higher loads of pollutants in water than pre-heated peats, suggesting that fire-damaged boreal peats may be a critical but underappreciated source of water pollution. A simplified Partial Least Squares (PLS) model based on other easily measured parameters provided a simple method for determining the extent of COD and phenolic pollution in bulk water, relevant for water and wastewater treatment plants. Conclusions from this lab study indicate the need for field measurements of aquatic pollutants downstream of peatland watersheds post-fire as well as increased monitoring and treatment of potable water sources for leachable micropollutants in fire-dominated forested peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Xuebin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Soil Science, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Colin P R McCarter
- School of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Mohamed A Ganzoury
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
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24
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Le TB, Wu J, Gong Y. Vascular plants regulate responses of boreal peatland Sphagnum to climate warming and nitrogen addition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:152077. [PMID: 34856288 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Boreal peatland Sphagnum may be affected by climate warming and elevated nitrogen availability directly and indirectly via altering vascular plant interaction. Here, we used a field experiment of nitrogen addition, warming, and vascular plant removal to investigate the effects of these factors on Sphagnum in a Canadian blanket boreal peatland. We revealed that significant effects of warming and nitrogen addition on Sphagnum were regulated by vascular plant interaction. The intense competition of vascular plants accelerated an adverse effect of warming on Sphagnum, while facilitation of vascular plants reduced detrimental losses of the Sphagnum due to high dose of nitrogen addition and both warming and the nitrogen addition. These findings indicate the crucial role of vascular plants in regulating the effects of environmental changes on existing Sphagnum in boreal peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuong Ba Le
- Environment and Sustainability, School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada; Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada; Vietnam National University of Forestry, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Jianghua Wu
- Environment and Sustainability, School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada; Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
| | - Yu Gong
- Environment and Sustainability, School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Corner Brook, NL A2H 5G4, Canada; Graduate Program in Environmental Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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25
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Dong L, Zhang J, Guo Z, Li M, Wu H. Distributions and interactions of dissolved organic matter and heavy metals in shallow groundwater in Guanzhong basin of China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112099. [PMID: 34662577 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Groundwater as the primary source of fresh water particularly in semi-arid regions is heavily threatened by various pollutants such as dissolved organic matter (DOM) and heavy metals due to anthropogenic activities. In this study, 113 shallow groundwater samples were collected from Guanzhong basin of China to explore spatial distributions and interactions of DOM and heavy metals (Fe, Mn and Cu). Fluorescence excitation-emission spectrophotometry with parallel factor analysis showed that DOM in groundwater mainly contained three humic-like and two protein-like substances with an average dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration of 12.85 mg L-1. Average Mn and Cu concentrations in groundwater were 19.92 μg L-1 and 7.05 μg L-1 with an increasing trend from west to east, whereas Fe concentration in central regions was much higher (34.23 μg L-1). Structural equation modeling analysis indicated that DOM in groundwater could be significantly affected by surface water, and heavy metals were influenced by urbanization. Moreover, DOM could strongly influence the bioavailability, migration, and transformation of Mn in groundwater. These findings would be beneficial for the effective utilization and protection of groundwater resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China; School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Zizhang Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, PR China
| | - Haiming Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
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26
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Jassey VEJ, Walcker R, Kardol P, Geisen S, Heger T, Lamentowicz M, Hamard S, Lara E. Contribution of soil algae to the global carbon cycle. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:64-76. [PMID: 35103312 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil photoautotrophic prokaryotes and micro-eukaryotes - known as soil algae - are, together with heterotrophic microorganisms, a constitutive part of the microbiome in surface soils. Similar to plants, they fix atmospheric carbon (C) through photosynthesis for their own growth, yet their contribution to global and regional biogeochemical C cycling still remains quantitatively elusive. Here, we compiled an extensive dataset on soil algae to generate a better understanding of their distribution across biomes and predict their productivity at a global scale by means of machine learning modelling. We found that, on average, (5.5 ± 3.4) × 106 algae inhabit each gram of surface soil. Soil algal abundance especially peaked in acidic, moist and vegetated soils. We estimate that, globally, soil algae take up around 3.6 Pg C per year, which corresponds to c. 6% of the net primary production of terrestrial vegetation. We demonstrate that the C fixed by soil algae is crucial to the global C cycle and should be integrated into land-based efforts to mitigate C emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent E J Jassey
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Romain Walcker
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology NIOO-KNAW, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thierry Heger
- Soil Science and Environment Group, Changins, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western, 1260, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Mariusz Lamentowicz
- Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, 60-001, Poznań, Poland
| | - Samuel Hamard
- Laboratoire Écologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Enrique Lara
- Real Jardin Botanico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Effects of the Invasive Fish Species Ameiurus nebulosus on Microbial Communities in Peat Pools. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14050815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in the functioning of peatlands, due to growing human impact, climate change and the appearance of alien invasive species, are becoming increasingly common. Analysis of trophic relationships in the predator (invasive alien species)–prey system is extremely important for understanding the functioning of peat pools—small water bodies formed in peatlands by peat extraction. These issues are, as yet, very little understood. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of Ameiurus nebulosus, an alien and invasive fish species dominant in these pools, on the microbial communities and small metazoa (phycoflora, bacteria, heterotrophic flagellates, ciliates, and crustaceans) in peat pools. The laboratory experiment included two groups of treatments simulating natural conditions: treatments without fish and treatments with brown bullhead. The water temperature was manipulated as well. The presence of brown bullhead in combination with climate changes was shown to cause a change in the structure of microbial communities. This is reflected in a decrease in the abundance of planktonic crustaceans and an increase in ciliates. The overlapping effects of alien species and gradual climate warming may intensify the eutrophication of peatland ecosystems and the increase in the proportion of cyanobacteria, thereby affecting the carbon cycle in these ecosystems.
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28
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Defining the
Sphagnum
Core Microbiome across the North American Continent Reveals a Central Role for Diazotrophic Methanotrophs in the Nitrogen and Carbon Cycles of Boreal Peatland Ecosystems. mBio 2022. [PMCID: PMC8863050 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03714-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peat mosses of the genus Sphagnum are ecosystem engineers that frequently predominate over photosynthetic production in boreal peatlands. Sphagnum spp. host diverse microbial communities capable of nitrogen fixation (diazotrophy) and methane oxidation (methanotrophy), thereby potentially supporting plant growth under severely nutrient-limited conditions. Moreover, diazotrophic methanotrophs represent a possible “missing link” between the carbon and nitrogen cycles, but the functional contributions of the Sphagnum-associated microbiome remain in question. A combination of metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and dual-isotope incorporation assays was applied to investigate Sphagnum microbiome community composition across the North American continent and provide empirical evidence for diazotrophic methanotrophy in Sphagnum-dominated ecosystems. Remarkably consistent prokaryotic communities were detected in over 250 Sphagnum SSU rRNA libraries from peatlands across the United States (5 states, 17 bog/fen sites, 18 Sphagnum species), with 12 genera of the core microbiome comprising 60% of the relative microbial abundance. Additionally, nitrogenase (nifH) and SSU rRNA gene amplicon analysis revealed that nitrogen-fixing populations made up nearly 15% of the prokaryotic communities, predominated by Nostocales cyanobacteria and Rhizobiales methanotrophs. While cyanobacteria comprised the vast majority (>95%) of diazotrophs detected in amplicon and metagenome analyses, obligate methanotrophs of the genus Methyloferula (order Rhizobiales) accounted for one-quarter of transcribed nifH genes. Furthermore, in dual-isotope tracer experiments, members of the Rhizobiales showed substantial incorporation of 13CH4 and 15N2 isotopes into their rRNA. Our study characterizes the core Sphagnum microbiome across large spatial scales and indicates that diazotrophic methanotrophs, here defined as obligate methanotrophs of the rare biosphere (Methyloferula spp. of the Rhizobiales) that also carry out diazotrophy, play a keystone role in coupling of the carbon and nitrogen cycles in nutrient-poor peatlands.
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29
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Ofiti NOE, Solly EF, Hanson PJ, Malhotra A, Wiesenberg GLB, Schmidt MWI. Warming and elevated CO 2 promote rapid incorporation and degradation of plant-derived organic matter in an ombrotrophic peatland. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:883-898. [PMID: 34689380 PMCID: PMC9299048 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Rising temperatures have the potential to directly affect carbon cycling in peatlands by enhancing organic matter (OM) decomposition, contributing to the release of CO2 and CH4 to the atmosphere. In turn, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration may stimulate photosynthesis, potentially increasing plant litter inputs belowground and transferring carbon from the atmosphere into terrestrial ecosystems. Key questions remain about the magnitude and rate of these interacting and opposing environmental change drivers. Here, we assess the incorporation and degradation of plant- and microbe-derived OM in an ombrotrophic peatland after 4 years of whole-ecosystem warming (+0, +2.25, +4.5, +6.75 and +9°C) and two years of elevated CO2 manipulation (500 ppm above ambient). We show that OM molecular composition was substantially altered in the aerobic acrotelm, highlighting the sensitivity of acrotelm carbon to rising temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentration. While warming accelerated OM decomposition under ambient CO2 , new carbon incorporation into peat increased in warming × elevated CO2 treatments for both plant- and microbe-derived OM. Using the isotopic signature of the applied CO2 enrichment as a label for recently photosynthesized OM, our data demonstrate that new plant inputs have been rapidly incorporated into peat carbon. Our results suggest that under current hydrological conditions, rising temperatures and atmospheric CO2 levels will likely offset each other in boreal peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily F. Solly
- Group for Sustainable AgroecosystemsDepartment of Environmental Systems ScienceETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Paul J. Hanson
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science InstituteOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennesseeUSA
| | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of GeographyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Freitas YDGC, Ramos BRD, da Silva YG, Sampaio GS, Nascimento LDS, Branco CWC, Miranda VBDS. Testate amoebae: a review on their multiple uses as bioindicators. ACTA PROTOZOOL 2022. [DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.22.001.15671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Testate amoebae (TA) are unicellular protozoans enclosed in a test capable of indicating a wide variety of environmental conditions. Among others, characteristics such as short life cycle, great sensitivity and worldwide distribution makes them adequate bioindicators. As a complement to physical and chemical measurements, biomonitoring can be a cheaper and fastest way of environmental monitoring. This research sought to evaluate the extent of TA use in biomonitoring and the responses given by them to environmental features. The research was conducted in Scielo, Science Direct, Online Library, Google Scholar and Capes Journal Portal and yielded 211 papers. TA bioindication is able to provide information on metal, trace element and atmospheric pollution, and to point out different trophic states, pH, and evidence on characteristics of hydrology. Further, TA can be used in paleoenvironmental reconstruction as they reflect climate, volcanic and even sea level change phenomena. Sometimes, together with other organisms in environmental analysis, they have shown to be an important complement to biomonitoring. Additionally, a functional traits approach has been recently included as a promising tool. Methodological adjustments that have been conducted throughout the years are allowing TA use to be more reliable and precise. This review provides insight on the many possible functions of TA in bioindication studies, highlighting their wide use as bioindicators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yemna Gomes da Silva
- Neotropical Limnology Group, Department of Zoology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro
| | - Gabriela Silva Sampaio
- Neotropical Limnology Group, Department of Zoology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro
| | - Letícia da Silva Nascimento
- Neotropical Limnology Group, Department of Zoology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro; Intitute of Biological Sciences, Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro
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Etto RM, Jesus EDC, Cruz LM, Schneider BSF, Tomachewski D, Urrea-Valencia S, Gonçalves DRP, Galvão F, Ayub RA, Curcio GR, Steffens MBR, Galvão CW. Influence of environmental factors on the tropical peatlands diazotrophic communities from the Southern Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:543-554. [PMID: 34951701 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The tropical peatlands of southern Brazil are essential for the maintenance of the Atlantic Rain Forest, one of the 25 hotspots of biodiversity in the world. Although diazotrophic microorganisms are essential for the maintenance of this nitrogen limited ecosystem, so far studies have focused only on microorganisms involved in the carbon cycle. In this work, peat samples were collected from three tropical peatland regions during dry and rainy seasons and their chemical and microbial characteristics were evaluated. Our results showed that the structure of the diazotrophic communities in the Brazilian tropical peatlands differs in the evaluated seasons. The abundance of the genus Bradyrhizobium showed to be affected by rainfall and peat pH. Despite the shifts of the nitrogen fixing population in the tropical peatland caused by seasonality it showed to be constantly dominated by α-Proteobacteria followed by Cyanobacteria. In addition, more than 50% of nifH gene sequences have not been classified, indicating the necessity for more studies in tropical peatland, since the reduction of N supply in the peatlands stimulates the recalcitrant organic matter decomposition performed by peatland microorganisms, influencing the C stock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Mazer Etto
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Magalhães Cruz
- Nucleus of Nitrogen Fixation, Federal University of Paraná, CEP, 81531-980, Curitiba - PR, Brazil
| | | | - Douglas Tomachewski
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - Salomé Urrea-Valencia
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ruiz Potma Gonçalves
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | - Franklin Galvão
- Forest Ecology Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CEP, 80210-170, Curitiba - PR, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antônio Ayub
- Applied Biotechnology Laboratory, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carolina Weigert Galvão
- Microbial Molecular Biology Laboratory, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP, 84030-900, Ponta Grossa - PR, Brazil
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Tan Q, Gong C, Li S, Ma N, Ge F, Xu M. Impacts of ecological restoration on public perceptions of cultural ecosystem services. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:60182-60194. [PMID: 34152538 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14793-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although ecological restoration has increased the stability and diversity of regional ecosystem services, its effects on public perceptions of cultural ecosystem services (CESs) remain unclear. Therefore, this study conducted a questionnaire survey of 455 interviewees in Ansai County on the Loess Plateau and combined the structural equation model (SEM) to explore the characteristics and influencing factors of public perceptions of CESs. Moreover, we also calculated landscape importance to quantify the impact of landscape features on CESs. The results showed that ecological restoration increased the overall public perceptions of CESs. Regarding the different types of CESs, the public most strongly perceived esthetic services but had the lowest perception of cultural heritage after ecological restoration. Regarding demographic characteristics, gender and age were the most important factors affecting public perceptions. Men were more likely to perceive CESs than women, while older interviewees had higher perceptions of the value of physical and mental health services, education and science than young interviewees. In addition, forestlands were perceived as playing more important roles than other landscape types in providing CESs. This study demonstrates that ecological restoration will improve public perceptions of CESs. Managers should incorporate public perceptions of CESs into the formulation of ecological management policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyue Tan
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Gong
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujie Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengchi Ge
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxiang Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, State Key Lab Soil Eros & Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Margalef O, Sardans J, Maspons J, Molowny-Horas R, Fernández-Martínez M, Janssens IA, Richter A, Ciais P, Obersteiner M, Peñuelas J. The effect of global change on soil phosphatase activity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:5989-6003. [PMID: 34383341 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil phosphatase enzymes are produced by plant roots and microorganisms and play a key role in the cycling of phosphorus (P), an often-limiting element in terrestrial ecosystems. The production of these enzymes in soil is the most important biological strategy for acquiring phosphate ions from organic molecules. Previous works showed how soil potential phosphatase activity is mainly driven by climatic conditions and soil nitrogen (N) and carbon. Nonetheless, future trends of the activity of these enzymes under global change remain little known. We investigated the influence of some of the main drivers of change on soil phosphatase activity using a meta-analysis of results from 97 published studies. Our database included a compilation of N and P fertilization experiments, manipulation experiments with increased atmospheric CO2 concentration, warming, and drought, and studies comparing invaded and non-invaded ecosystems. Our results indicate that N fertilization leads to higher phosphatase activity, whereas P fertilization has the opposite effect. The rise of atmospheric CO2 levels or the arrival of invasive species also exhibits positive response ratios on the activity of soil phosphatases. However, the occurrence of recurrent drought episodes decreases the activity of soil phosphatases. Our analysis did not reveal statistically significant effects of warming on soil phosphatase activity. In general, soil enzymatic changes in the reviewed experiments depended on the initial nutrient and water status of the ecosystems. The observed patterns evidence that future soil phosphatase activity will not only depend on present-day soil conditions but also on potential compensations or amplifications among the different drivers of global change. The responses of soil phosphatases to the global change drivers reported in this study and the consideration of cost-benefit approaches based on the connection of the P and N cycle will be useful for a better estimation of phosphatase production in carbon (C)-N-P models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Margalef
- RISKNAT Research Group, Department of Earth and Ocean Dynamics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Maspons
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marcos Fernández-Martínez
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Andreas Richter
- Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Spain
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Integrating Decomposers, Methane-Cycling Microbes and Ecosystem Carbon Fluxes Along a Peatland Successional Gradient in a Land Uplift Region. Ecosystems 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-021-00713-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPeatlands are carbon dioxide (CO2) sinks that, in parallel, release methane (CH4). The peatland carbon (C) balance depends on the interplay of decomposer and CH4-cycling microbes, vegetation, and environmental conditions. These interactions are susceptible to the changes that occur along a successional gradient from vascular plant-dominated systems to Sphagnum moss-dominated systems. Changes similar to this succession are predicted to occur from climate change. Here, we investigated how microbial and plant communities are interlinked with each other and with ecosystem C cycling along a successional gradient on a boreal land uplift coast. The gradient ranged from shoreline to meadows and fens, and further to bogs. Potential microbial activity (aerobic CO2 production; CH4 production and oxidation) and biomass were greatest in the early successional meadows, although their communities of aerobic decomposers (fungi, actinobacteria), methanogens, and methanotrophs did not differ from the older fens. Instead, the functional microbial communities shifted at the fen–bog transition concurrent with a sudden decrease in C fluxes. The successional patterns of decomposer versus CH4-cycling communities diverged at the bog stage, indicating strong but distinct microbial responses to Sphagnum dominance and acidity. We highlight young meadows as dynamic sites with the greatest microbial potential for C release. These hot spots of C turnover with dense sedge cover may represent a sensitive bottleneck in succession, which is necessary for eventual long-term peat accumulation. The distinctive microbes in bogs could serve as indicators of the C sink function in restoration measures that aim to stabilize the C in the peat.
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Mieczan T, Grześkiewicz M. The impact of climate warming on the diurnal dynamics of the microbial loop: Ice cover vs. lack of ice cover on dystrophic lakes. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5175-5186. [PMID: 34466095 PMCID: PMC8381083 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the effects of warming is earlier retreat of the ice cover or a complete lack of ice cover on water bodies in the winter. However, there is still no information on how climate warming affects the 24-hour dynamics of the planktonic microbial loop in winter. The aim of this investigation was to assess the diurnal dynamics of the taxonomic composition and abundance of microbial communities in experimentally reproduced conditions (samples from under the ice, +2, +4 and +8 °C) and to analyse the relationships between components of the microbial loop in relation to physical and chemical parameters. Samples were taken in winter from three dystrophic reservoir. The biological and physicochemical parameters in the water were analysed at the start (day 0), 15 and end of the experiment (day 30) over a 24-hour cycle. The increase in temperature caused an increase in the numbers of predators (particularly testate amoebae and ciliates) and a reduction in the body size of individual populations. During the period with ice cover, marked dominance of mixotrophic testate amoeba (Hyalosphenia papilio) and ciliates (Paramecium bursaria) was observed, while the increase in temperature caused an increase in the proportion of bacterivorous ciliates (Cinetochilum margaritaceum).
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Environmental Drivers of Macroinvertebrate Assemblages within Peat Pool Habitat-Implication for Bioassessment. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13172369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Macroinvertebrates are a crucial component of wetland trophic webs. Many taxa are used as bioindicators of ecosystem change. However, relationships between macroinvertebrates and the environmental factors in peat pool habitats are still not well recognized. The present study shows the results of long-term studies during the years 2010–2020, on the responses of macroinvertebrates to the changes of environmental variables in a peat pool habitat formed as a result of peat exploitation on continental raised bog. The RDA analysis significantly explained 87.3% of the variance in macroinvertebrates abundances. Assemblages of most taxa (Anisoptera, Chironomidae, Ceratopogonidae, Coleoptera, Hydrachnidia and Tabanidae) showed a strong relationship with N-NO3 and pH. Moreover, densities of Chaoboridae larvae were explained by chlorophyll-a concentrations. Dominant taxon, Chironomidae, constituted from 48% to 87% of total faunal density. The highest proportions showed larvae of Psectrocladius sp. (gr. sordidellus) and Chironomus sp. Changes in the composition of macroinvertebrate fauna over a period of 10 years reflect the eutrophication process of the peat pool and deterioration of habitat conditions.
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Urbanová Z, Hájek T. Revisiting the concept of 'enzymic latch' on carbon in peatlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 779:146384. [PMID: 33744584 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are long-term sinks of atmospheric carbon (C) largely due to water-saturated soil conditions, decay-resistant plant litter, and the presence of biochemical compounds such as soluble phenolics. As phenolics are known inhibitors of microbial enzymes in soils, the concept of the 'enzymic latch' on peat C was introduced, assuming that phenolics accumulate in peat water due to protection from degradation by oxidative enzymes as a result of anoxia. However, their inhibitory role in peat has not been unambiguously confirmed. We aimed to verify whether peat phenolics inhibit microbial and enzyme activities in laboratory-incubated Sphagnum litter, and bog and fen peat. Soluble humic substances were extracted from bog water as a source of natural phenolics and separated into two molecular-weight fractions. We tested the effects of (1) phenolics concentration, (2) their molecular weight and (3) anoxia on the activity of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes, and on microbial respiration rate. The added phenolics did not suppress hydrolytic enzyme activities nor microbial respiration. Quite the contrary, phenolics addition (up to 1000 mg L-1) sometimes supported enzyme and microbial activities, indicating that phenolics (or another constituent of peat humic substances) served as a source of C. The activities of hydrolytic enzymes did not vary between oxic and anoxic peat but were double in oxic than anoxic conditions in Sphagnum litter. Differences in enzymatic and microbial activities were driven by peat type with about three times greater microbial respiration rates and enzyme activities in fen peats. Our results do not support the concept of the enzymic latch, particularly its key assumption that peat phenolics inhibit hydrolytic enzymes. While the concept was established on oceanic peatlands with low phenolic concentrations, the peat microbial community in our experiments seemed acclimated to the naturally high phenolic concentrations, characteristic for other, non-oceanic northern peatlands. Thus, the enzymic latch should not be considered as a determinative mechanism preserving the global C store in peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Urbanová
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czechia.
| | - Tomáš Hájek
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czechia; The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Dukelská 135, 379 82 Třeboň, Czechia
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Mesocosm Experiments Reveal Global Warming Accelerates Macrophytes Litter Decomposition and Alters Decomposition-Related Bacteria Community Structure. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13141940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change scenarios predict that lake water temperatures will increase up to 4 °C and extreme weather events, such as heat waves and large temperature fluctuations, will occur more frequently. Such changes may result in the increase of aquatic litter decomposition and on shifts in diversity and structure of bacteria communities in this period. We designed a two-month mesocosm experiment to explore how constant (+4 °C than ambient temperature) and variable (randomly +0~8 °C than ambient temperature) warming treatment will affect the submerged macrophyte litter decomposition process. Our data suggests that warming treatments may accelerate the decomposition of submerged macrophyte litter in shallow lake ecosystems, and increase the diversity of decomposition-related bacteria with community composition changed the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, especially members of Alphaproteobacteria increased while that of Firmicutes (mainly Bacillus) decreased.
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Diversity of Testate Amoebae as an Indicator of the Conservation Status of Peatlands in Southwest Europe. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13060269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Testate amoebae are one of the most studied groups of microorganisms in Sphagnum peatland ecosystems and, therefore, one of the most reliable bioindicators of their ecological status. Peatland ecosystems are supported by a delicate biogeochemical balance that leads to the formation of peat, one of the main sinks of C, as a result of soil–atmosphere interaction, but currently they are one of the most threatened wetland types at their southern distribution limit. In the European continent, where climatic conditions limit peat formation, they have endured significant anthropic pressure for centuries, and the risk of loss of biodiversity linked to these ecosystems is critical. In addition, peatlands are poorly known ecosystems in the Iberian Peninsula compared with other wetlands; therefore, we have studied the chemical parameters of water and the diversity patterns of testate amoebae in the western Iberian Peninsula to better understand the current status of these ecosystems. The analysis of testate amoeba communities showed an inverse relationship between the diversity and conservation status of these peatlands, both in relation to chemical parameters (i.e., pH, electrical conductivity, phosphates) and to the proportion of anthropized area, with a marked geographical pattern in the degree of anthropogenic disturbance.
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Górecki K, Rastogi A, Stróżecki M, Gąbka M, Lamentowicz M, Łuców D, Kayzer D, Juszczak R. Water table depth, experimental warming, and reduced precipitation impact on litter decomposition in a temperate Sphagnum-peatland. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:145452. [PMID: 33736185 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Tea Bag Index (TBI) method was used to estimate the litter decomposition rate in peatland exposed for climate manipulation (increased temperature and reduced precipitation) at two contrasting sites differing in water table depth (WTD) dynamics. To manipulate climate on peatland, the prototyped Open Top Chambers (OTC) and automated rain-out shelters were used. OTCs increased daytime air temperatures by ~1.7 °C at the driest plots exposed for an increase of air temperature and reduced precipitation, while the increase of the average daily air temperature was lower than 0.9 °C. However, OTCs cooled down the peat temperature even by 0.8 °C and this effect was most pronounced for daytime rather than night-time conditions. The precipitation amount was reduced by 26%. The tea bags were buried at 8 cm depth for 83 and 172 days starting from the 19th of April 2019. Our observation proved that although decomposition rates were dependent on temperature, WTD and its fluctuations are the main factors controlling the rates of litter decomposition in waterlogged ecosystems like ours. At waterlogged Sphagnum-dominated peatlands, the interrelation between different environmental factors may mitigate the impact of warming and reduced precipitation on litter decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Górecki
- Department of Entomology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Stróżecki
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Gąbka
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariusz Lamentowicz
- Laboratory of Climate Change Ecology, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, B. Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
| | - Dominika Łuców
- Laboratory of Climate Change Ecology, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, B. Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland; Past Landscape Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, Warszawa 00-818, Poland
| | - Dariusz Kayzer
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Faculty of Agronomy, Horticulture and Bioengineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Radosław Juszczak
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Mechanical Engineering, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznań, Poland.
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Kolari THM, Korpelainen P, Kumpula T, Tahvanainen T. Accelerated vegetation succession but no hydrological change in a boreal fen during 20 years of recent climate change. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:7602-7621. [PMID: 34188838 PMCID: PMC8216969 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Northern mires (fens and bogs) have significant climate feedbacks and contribute to biodiversity, providing habitats to specialized biota. Many studies have found drying and degradation of bogs in response to climate change, while northern fens have received less attention. Rich fens are particularly important to biodiversity, but subject to global climate change, fen ecosystems may change via direct response of vegetation or indirectly by hydrological changes. With repeated sampling over the past 20 years, we aim to reveal trends in hydrology and vegetation in a pristine boreal fen with gradient from rich to poor fen and bog vegetation. We resampled 203 semi-permanent plots and compared water-table depth (WTD), pH, concentrations of mineral elements, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), plant species occurrences, community structure, and vegetation types between 1998 and 2018. In the study area, the annual mean temperature rose by 1.0°C and precipitation by 46 mm, in 20-year periods prior to sampling occasions. We found that wet fen vegetation decreased, while bog and poor fen vegetation increased significantly. This reflected a trend of increasing abundance of common, generalist hummock species at the expense of fen specialist species. Changes were the most pronounced in high pH plots, where Sphagnum mosses had significantly increased in plot frequency, cover, and species richness. Changes of water chemistry were mainly insignificant in concentration levels and spatial patterns. Although indications toward drier conditions were found in vegetation, WTD had not consistently increased, instead, our results revealed complex dynamics of WTD as depending on vegetation changes. Overall, we found significant trend in vegetation, conforming to common succession pattern from rich to poor fen and bog vegetation. Our results suggest that responses intrinsic to vegetation, such as increased productivity or altered species interactions, may be more significant than indirect effects via local hydrology to the ecosystem response to climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiina H. M. Kolari
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Pasi Korpelainen
- Department of Geographical and Historical StudiesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Timo Kumpula
- Department of Geographical and Historical StudiesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Teemu Tahvanainen
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
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Bertrand G, Ponçot A, Pohl B, Lhosmot A, Steinmann M, Johannet A, Pinel S, Caldirak H, Artigue G, Binet P, Bertrand C, Collin L, Magnon G, Gilbert D, Laggoun-Deffarge F, Toussaint ML. Statistical hydrology for evaluating peatland water table sensitivity to simple environmental variables and climate changes application to the mid-latitude/altitude Frasne peatland (Jura Mountains, France). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:141931. [PMID: 33254862 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are habitats for a range of fragile flora and fauna species. Their eco-physicochemical characteristics make them as outstanding global carbon and water storage systems. These ecosystems occupy 3% of the worldwide emerged land surface but represent 30% of the global organic soil carbon and 10% of the global fresh water volumes. In such systems, carbon speciation depends to a large extent on specific redox conditions which are mainly governed by the depth of the water table. Hence, understanding their hydrological variability, that conditions both their ecological and biogeochemical functions, is crucial for their management, especially when anticipating their future evolution under climate change. This study illustrates how long-term monitoring of basic hydro-meteorological parameters combined with statistical modeling can be used as a tool to evaluate i) the horizontal (type of peat), ii) vertical (acrotelm/catotelm continuum) and iii) future hydrological variability. Using cross-correlations between meteorological data (precipitation, potential evapotranspiration) and water table depth (WTD), we primarily highlight the spatial heterogeneity of hydrological reactivity across the Sphagnum-dominated Frasne peatland (French Jura Mountain). Then, a multiple linear regression model allows performing hydrological projections until 2100, according to regionalized IPCC RCP4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. Although WTD remains stable during the first half of 21th century, seasonal trends beyond 2050 show lower WTD in winter and markedly greater WTD in summer. In particular, after 2050, more frequent droughts in summer and autumn should occur, increasing WTD. These projections are completed with risk evaluations for peatland droughts until 2100 that appear to be increasing especially for transition seasons, i.e. May-June and September-October. Comparing these trends with previous evaluations of phenol concentrations in water throughout the vegetative period, considered as a proxy of plant functioning intensity, highlights that these hydrological modifications during transitional seasons could be a great ecological perturbation, especially by affecting Sphagnum metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bertrand
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR UFC CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, 1- route de Gray 25000 Besançon, 4 place Tharradin, 25200 Montbéliard, France.
| | - Alex Ponçot
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR UFC CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, 1- route de Gray 25000 Besançon, 4 place Tharradin, 25200 Montbéliard, France.
| | - Benjamin Pohl
- Biogéosciences, UMR6282 CNRS, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 boulevard Gabriel, F-21000 Dijon, France
| | - Alexandre Lhosmot
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR UFC CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, 1- route de Gray 25000 Besançon, 4 place Tharradin, 25200 Montbéliard, France
| | - Marc Steinmann
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR UFC CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, 1- route de Gray 25000 Besançon, 4 place Tharradin, 25200 Montbéliard, France
| | - Anne Johannet
- IMT Mines Ales, 8, rue Jules Renard, 30319 Alès cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Pinel
- IMT Mines Ales, 8, rue Jules Renard, 30319 Alès cedex, France
| | | | | | - Philippe Binet
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR UFC CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, 1- route de Gray 25000 Besançon, 4 place Tharradin, 25200 Montbéliard, France
| | - Catherine Bertrand
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR UFC CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, 1- route de Gray 25000 Besançon, 4 place Tharradin, 25200 Montbéliard, France
| | - Louis Collin
- EPAGE Syndicat Mixte Haut-Doubs Haute-Loue, 3 rue de la gare, 25560 Frasne, France
| | - Geneviève Magnon
- EPAGE Syndicat Mixte Haut-Doubs Haute-Loue, 3 rue de la gare, 25560 Frasne, France
| | - Daniel Gilbert
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR UFC CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, 1- route de Gray 25000 Besançon, 4 place Tharradin, 25200 Montbéliard, France
| | | | - Marie-Laure Toussaint
- University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR UFC CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, 1- route de Gray 25000 Besançon, 4 place Tharradin, 25200 Montbéliard, France
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Dong Y, Wu N, Jiang W, Li F, Lu H. Cascading response of flora and terrestrial mollusks to last deglacial warming. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Liu C, Bu ZJ, Mallik A, Chen YD, Hu XF, Lu F. Inhibition or Facilitation? Contrasted Inter-Specific Interactions in Sphagnum under Laboratory and Field Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1554. [PMID: 33198278 PMCID: PMC7696925 DOI: 10.3390/plants9111554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In a natural environment, plants usually interact with their neighbors predominantly through resource competition, allelopathy, and facilitation. The occurrence of the positive effect of allelopathy between peat mosses (Sphagnum L.) is rare, but it has been observed in a field experiment. It is unclear whether the stability of the water table level in peat induces positive vs. negative effects of allelopathy and how that is related to phenolic allelochemical production in Sphagnum. Based on field experiment data, we established a laboratory experiment with three neighborhood treatments to measure inter-specific interactions between Sphagnum angustifolium (Russ.) C. Jens and Sphagnum magellanicum Brid. We found that the two species were strongly suppressed by the allelopathic effects of each other. S. magellanicum allelopathically facilitated S. angustifolium in the field but inhibited it in the laboratory, and relative allelopathy intensity appeared to be positively related to the content of released phenolics. We conclude that the interaction type and intensity between plants are dependent on environmental conditions. The concentration of phenolics alone may not explain the type and relative intensity of allelopathy. Carefully designed combined field and laboratory experiments are necessary to reveal the mechanism of species interactions in natural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, China; (C.L.); (Y.-D.C.); (X.-F.H.); (F.L.)
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Bu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, China; (C.L.); (Y.-D.C.); (X.-F.H.); (F.L.)
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Azim Mallik
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada;
| | - Yong-Da Chen
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, China; (C.L.); (Y.-D.C.); (X.-F.H.); (F.L.)
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory for Wetland Ecological Processes and Environmental Change in the Changbai Mountains, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xue-Feng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, China; (C.L.); (Y.-D.C.); (X.-F.H.); (F.L.)
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Geographical Processes and Ecological Security in Changbai Mountains, Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, China; (C.L.); (Y.-D.C.); (X.-F.H.); (F.L.)
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Institute for Peat and Mire Research, Northeast Normal University, Renmin 5268, Changchun 130024, China
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Marcisz K, Jassey VEJ, Kosakyan A, Krashevska V, Lahr DJG, Lara E, Lamentowicz Ł, Lamentowicz M, Macumber A, Mazei Y, Mitchell EAD, Nasser NA, Patterson RT, Roe HM, Singer D, Tsyganov AN, Fournier B. Testate Amoeba Functional Traits and Their Use in Paleoecology. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.575966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Reczuga MK, Seppey CVW, Mulot M, Jassey VE, Buttler A, Słowińska S, Słowiński M, Lara E, Lamentowicz M, Mitchell EA. Assessing the responses of Sphagnum micro-eukaryotes to climate changes using high throughput sequencing. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9821. [PMID: 32999758 PMCID: PMC7505061 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Current projections suggest that climate warming will be accompanied by more frequent and severe drought events. Peatlands store ca. one third of the world's soil organic carbon. Warming and drought may cause peatlands to become carbon sources through stimulation of microbial activity increasing ecosystem respiration, with positive feedback effect on global warming. Micro-eukaryotes play a key role in the carbon cycle through food web interactions and therefore, alterations in their community structure and diversity may affect ecosystem functioning and could reflect these changes. We assessed the diversity and community composition of Sphagnum-associated eukaryotic microorganisms inhabiting peatlands and their response to experimental drought and warming using high throughput sequencing of environmental DNA. Under drier conditions, micro-eukaryotic diversity decreased, the relative abundance of autotrophs increased and that of osmotrophs (including Fungi and Peronosporomycetes) decreased. Furthermore, we identified climate change indicators that could be used as early indicators of change in peatland microbial communities and ecosystem functioning. The changes we observed indicate a shift towards a more "terrestrial" community in response to drought, in line with observed changes in the functioning of the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika K. Reczuga
- Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Christophe Victor William Seppey
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Matthieu Mulot
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Vincent E.J. Jassey
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse Cedex, France
- Ecological Systems Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Site Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Buttler
- Ecological Systems Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Site Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Słowińska
- Department of Geoecology and Climatology, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Słowiński
- Past Landscape Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Enrique Lara
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Real Jardín Botánico, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariusz Lamentowicz
- Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Edward A.D. Mitchell
- Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Jardin Botanique de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Chroňáková A, Bárta J, Kaštovská E, Urbanová Z, Picek T. Spatial heterogeneity of belowground microbial communities linked to peatland microhabitats with different plant dominants. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5551480. [PMID: 31425589 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peatland vegetation is composed mostly of mosses, graminoids and ericoid shrubs, and these have a distinct impact on peat biogeochemistry. We studied variation in soil microbial communities related to natural peatland microhabitats dominated by Sphagnum, cotton-grass and blueberry. We hypothesized that such microhabitats will be occupied by structurally and functionally different microbial communities, which will vary further during the vegetation season due to changes in temperature and photosynthetic activity of plant dominants. This was addressed using amplicon-based sequencing of prokaryotic and fungal rDNA and qPCR with respect to methane-cycling communities. Fungal communities were highly microhabitat-specific, while prokaryotic communities were additionally directed by soil pH and total N content. Seasonal alternations in microbial community composition were less important; however, they influenced the abundance of methane-cycling communities. Cotton-grass and blueberry bacterial communities contained relatively more α-Proteobacteria but less Chloroflexi, Fibrobacteres, Firmicutes, NC10, OD1 and Spirochaetes than in Sphagnum. Methanogens, syntrophic and anaerobic bacteria (i.e. Clostridiales, Bacteroidales, Opitutae, Chloroflexi and Syntrophorhabdaceae) were suppressed in blueberry indicating greater aeration that enhanced abundance of fungi (mainly Archaeorhizomycetes) and resulted in the highest fungi-to-bacteria ratio. Thus, microhabitats dominated by different vascular plants are inhabited by unique microbial communities, contributing greatly to spatial functional diversity within peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alica Chroňáková
- Biology Centre, CAS, Institute of Soil Biology and SoWa RI, Na Sádkách 7, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Bárta
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kaštovská
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Urbanová
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Picek
- Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 1760, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
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Rastogi A, Antala M, Gąbka M, Rosadziński S, Stróżecki M, Brestic M, Juszczak R. Impact of warming and reduced precipitation on morphology and chlorophyll concentration in peat mosses (Sphagnum angustifolium and S. fallax). Sci Rep 2020; 10:8592. [PMID: 32451474 PMCID: PMC7248058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Peatlands are one of the most important ecosystems due to their biodiversity and abundant organic compounds; therefore, it is important to observe how different plant species in peatlands react to changing environmental conditions. Sphagnum spp. are the main component of peatlands and are considered as the creator of conditions favorable for carbon storage in the form of peat. Sphagnum angustifolium and Sphagnum fallax are taxonomically very close species. To examine their adaptability to climate change, we studied the morphology and pigment content of these two species from environmental manipulation sites in Poland, where the environment was continuously manipulated for temperature and precipitation. The warming of peat was induced by using infrared heaters, whereas total precipitation was reduced by a curtain that cuts the nighttime precipitation. Morphology of S. angustifolium stayed under climate manipulation relatively stable. However, the main morphological parameters of S. fallax were significantly affected by precipitation reduction. Thus, this study indicates S. angustifolium is better adapted in comparison to S. fallax for drier and warmer conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Michal Antala
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976, Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Maciej Gąbka
- Department of Hydrobiology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Rosadziński
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Stróżecki
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976, Nitra, Slovak Republic
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences, 16500 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radosław Juszczak
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649, Poznan, Poland
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50
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Ruggiero A, Grattepanche JD, Weiner AKM, Katz LA. High Diversity of Testate Amoebae (Amoebozoa, Arcellinida) Detected by HTS Analyses in a New England Fen using Newly Designed Taxon-specific Primers. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2020; 67:450-462. [PMID: 32145128 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Testate (shell-building) amoebae, such as the Arcellinida (Amoebozoa), are useful bioindicators for climate change. Though past work has relied on morphological analyses to characterize Arcellinida diversity, genetic analyses revealed the presence of multiple cryptic species underlying morphospecies. Here, we design and deploy Arcellinida-specific primers for the SSU-rDNA gene to assess the community composition on the molecular level in a pilot study of two samplings from a New England fen: (1) 36-cm horizontal transects and vertical cores; and (2) 26-m horizontal transects fractioned into four size classes (2-10, 10-35, 35-100, and 100-300 μm). Analyses of these data show the following: (1) a considerable genetic diversity within Arcellinida, much of which comes from morphospecies lacking sequences on GenBank; (2) communities characterized by DNA (i.e. active + quiescent) are distinct from those characterized by RNA (i.e. active, indicator of biomass); (3) active communities on the surface tend to be more similar to one another than to core communities, despite considerable heterogeneity; and (4) analyses of communities fractioned by size find some lineages (OTUs) that are abundant in disjunct size categories, suggesting the possibility of life-history stages. Together, these data demonstrate the potential of these primers to elucidate the diversity of Arcellinida communities in diverse habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistaire Ruggiero
- Department of Biological Science, Smith College, 44 College Lane, Northampton, Massachusetts, 01063
| | - Jean-David Grattepanche
- Department of Biological Science, Smith College, 44 College Lane, Northampton, Massachusetts, 01063
| | - Agnes K M Weiner
- Department of Biological Science, Smith College, 44 College Lane, Northampton, Massachusetts, 01063
| | - Laura A Katz
- Department of Biological Science, Smith College, 44 College Lane, Northampton, Massachusetts, 01063.,Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003
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