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Li WB, Teng Y, Zhang MY, Shen Y, Liu JW, Qi JW, Wang XC, Wu RF, Li JH, Garber PA, Li M. Human activity and climate change accelerate the extinction risk to non-human primates in China. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17114. [PMID: 38273577 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Human activity and climate change affect biodiversity and cause species range shifts, contractions, and expansions. Globally, human activities and climate change have emerged as persistent threats to biodiversity, leading to approximately 68% of the ~522 primate species being threatened with extinction. Here, we used habitat suitability models and integrated data on human population density, gross domestic product (GDP), road construction, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), the location of protected areas (PAs), and climate change to predict potential changes in the distributional range and richness of 26 China's primate species. Our results indicate that both PAs and NDVI have a positive impact on primate distributions. With increasing anthropogenic pressure, species' ranges were restricted to areas of high vegetation cover and in PAs surrounded by buffer zones of 2.7-4.5 km and a core area of PAs at least 0.1-0.5 km from the closest edge of the PA. Areas with a GDP below the Chinese national average of 100,000 yuan were found to be ecologically vulnerable, and this had a negative impact on primate distributions. Changes in temperature and precipitation were also significant contributors to a reduction in the range of primate species. Under the expected influence of climate change over the next 30-50 years, we found that highly suitable habitat for primates will continue to decrease and species will be restricted to smaller and more peripheral parts of their current range. Areas of high primate diversity are expected to lose from 3 to 7 species. We recommend that immediate action be taken, including expanding China's National Park Program, the Ecological Conservation Redline Program, and the Natural Forest Protection Program, along with a stronger national policy promoting alternative/sustainable livelihoods for people in the local communities adjacent to primate ranges, to offset the detrimental effects of anthropogenic activities and climate change on primate survivorship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yang Teng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Wei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Feng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Hua Li
- International Collaborative Research Center for Huangshan Biodiversity and Tibetan Macaque Behavioral Ecology, Hefei, Anhui, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Paul A Garber
- Department of Anthropology and Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- International Centre of Biodiversity and Primate Conservation, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Voigt M, Kühl HS, Ancrenaz M, Gaveau D, Meijaard E, Santika T, Sherman J, Wich SA, Wolf F, Struebig MJ, Pereira HM, Rosa IM. Deforestation projections imply range-wide population decline for critically endangered Bornean orangutan. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Indigenous Kinabatangan Perspectives on Climate Change Impacts and Adaptations: Factors Influencing Their Support and Participation. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous perspectives on the effects of climate change are frequently elicited through surveys and interviews, and the responses are compared to meteorological data. However, there remains a limited approach to examining the underlying predictors that best determine Indigenous support for adaptation strategies. This study utilizes partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to identify the main indicators of Indigenous support for coping with unfavorable climate impacts. Using a case study and a purposive sampling approach, a survey of 328 Indigenous peoples was conducted in rural Kinabatangan, Sabah, Malaysia. Results showed that communities’ attitudes had a large effect on the Indigenous support for adaptation (f2 = 0.380), followed by the communities’ awarenesses (f2 = 0.063), rapid onset events (f2 = 0.051), and climate impacts on tourism (f2 = 0.016). Communities prioritize the impacts of climate change on their health, livelihoods, and environmental resources. Nevertheless, they do not draw a causal link between the effects and responses to climate hazards. Coping strategies such as the inclusion of Indigenous livelihoods, a bottom-up approach, and transparent communication are suggested to cultivate Indigenous support for climate change adaptation. Decision-makers can apply these findings to prepare climate change policies and enhance the adaptation strategies of Indigenous communities.
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Condro AA, Syartinilia, Higuchi H, Mulyani YA, Raffiudin R, Rusniarsyah L, Setiawan Y, Prasetyo LB. Climate change leads to range contraction for Japanese population of the Oriental Honey-Buzzards: Implications for future conservation strategies. Glob Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2022.e02044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Dai Y. The overlap of suitable tea plant habitat with Asian elephant (Elephus maximus) distribution in southwestern China and its potential impact on species conservation and local economy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:5960-5970. [PMID: 34432214 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of land being used for cash crop cultivation has threatened wildlife in recent decades. Tea has become the dominant cash crop in southwestern China. Unfortunately, tea plantations may threaten Asian elephant (Elephus maximus) populations via habitat loss and fragmentation. Identifying areas of suitable habitat for tea plant cultivation, and where this habitat overlaps with Asian elephant distribution, is vital for planning land use, managing nature reserves, shaping policy, and maintaining local economies. Here, we assess the potential impact of tea plantations on Asian elephants in southwestern Yunnan province, China. We used MaxEnt modeling with bioclimatic and environmental variables to identify suitable habitat for tea plant cultivation under the current climate scenario, and then overlapped this habitat with 9 known Asian elephant distribution areas (G1-G9) to determine "threatened areas." Our results showed that (1) annual precipitation (48.1% contribution), temperature constancy (29 % contribution), and slope (8.7 % contribution) were key in determining suitable habitat for tea plants; (2) the cumulative area of suitable habitat for tea plants was 13,784.88 km2, mainly distributed in Menghai (3934.53 km2), Lancang (3198.67 km2), and Jinghong (2657.74 km2); (3) the distribution area of elephants was 943.75 km2, and these areas overlapped with suitable tea plant habitat primarily located in G4 (379.40 km2), G3 (251.18), and G7 (168.03 km2); and (4) threatened areas in G1 and G7 were predominately located along the periphery of current nature reserves. Win-win solutions that work for elephant conservation and economic development include rescoping nature reserve boundaries, strengthening management on the periphery of nature reserves, establishing ecological corridors and new nature reserves within regions where elephants are currently distributed, planting alternative cash crops, and financial subsidies to farmers. This study improves understanding of human-elephant coexistence, and will assist in guiding land use policy for the future conservation outcomes seeking to promote responsible and profitable cash crop farming and elephant conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchuan Dai
- Institute for Ecology and Environmental Resources, Chongqing Academy of Social Sciences, Chongqing, 400020, China.
- Research Center for Ecological Security and Green Development, Chongqing Academy of Social Sciences, Chongqing, 400020, China.
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Smith MM, Gilbert JH, Olson ER, Scribner KT, Van Deelen TR, Van Stappen JF, Williams BW, Woodford JE, Pauli JN. A recovery network leads to the natural recolonization of an archipelago and a potential trailing edge refuge. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02416. [PMID: 34278627 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rapid environmental change is reshaping ecosystems and driving species loss globally. Carnivore populations have declined and retracted rapidly and have been the target of numerous translocation projects. Success, however, is complicated when these efforts occur in novel ecosystems. Identifying refuges, locations that are resistant to environmental change, within a translocation framework should improve population recovery and persistence. American martens (Martes americana) are the most frequently translocated carnivore in North America. As elsewhere, martens were extirpated across much of the Great Lakes region by the 1930s and, despite multiple translocations beginning in the 1950s, martens remain of regional conservation concern. Surprisingly, martens were rediscovered in 2014 on the Apostle Islands of Lake Superior after a putative absence of >40 yr. To identify the source of martens to the islands and understand connectivity of the reintroduction network, we collected genetic data on martens from the archipelago and from all regional reintroduction sites. In total, we genotyped 483 individual martens, 43 of which inhabited the Apostle Islands (densities 0.42-1.46 km-2 ). Coalescent analyses supported the contemporary recolonization of the Apostle Islands with progenitors likely originating from Michigan, which were sourced from Ontario. We also identified movements by a first-order relative between the Apostle Islands and the recovery network. We detected some regional gene flow, but in an unexpected direction: individuals moving from the islands to the mainland. Our findings suggest that the Apostle Islands were naturally recolonized by progeny of translocated individuals and now act as a source back to the reintroduction sites on the mainland. We suggest that the Apostle Islands, given its protection from disturbance, complex forest structure, and reduced carnivore competition, will act as a potential refuge for marten along their trailing range boundary and a central node for regional recovery. Our work reveals that translocations, even those occurring along southern range boundaries, can create recovery networks that function like natural metapopulations. Identifying refuges, locations that are resistant to environmental change, within these recovery networks can further improve species recovery, even within novel environments. Future translocation planning should a priori identify potential refuges and sources to improve short-term recovery and long-term persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Smith
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Jonathan H Gilbert
- Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission, Odanah, Wisconsin, 54861, USA
| | - Erik R Olson
- Department of Natural Resources, Northland College, Ashland, Wisconsin, 54806, USA
| | - Kim T Scribner
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
| | - Timothy R Van Deelen
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Julie F Van Stappen
- Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, National Park Service, Bayfield, Wisconsin, 54814, USA
| | - Bronwyn W Williams
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA
- Research Laboratory, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27699, USA
| | - James E Woodford
- Bureau of Natural Heritage Conservation, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Rhinelander, Wisconsin, 54501, USA
| | - Jonathan N Pauli
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
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Biotic and abiotic drivers of dispersion dynamics in a large-bodied tropical vertebrate, the Western Bornean orangutan. Oecologia 2021; 196:707-721. [PMID: 34143262 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04964-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of animal responses to dynamic resource landscapes is based largely on research on temperate species with small body sizes and fast life histories. We studied a large, tropical mammal with an extremely slow life history, the Western Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii), across a heterogeneous natural landscape encompassing seven distinct forest types. Our goals were to characterize fluctuations in abundance, test hypotheses regarding the relationship between dispersion dynamics and resource availability, and evaluate how movement patterns are influenced by abiotic conditions. We surveyed abundance in Gunung Palung National Park, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, for 99 consecutive months and simultaneously recorded weather data and assessed fruit availability. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical distance sampling model to estimate population dispersion and assess the roles of fruit availability, rainfall, and temperature in driving movement patterns across this heterogeneous landscape. Orangutan abundance varied dramatically over space and time. Each forest type was important in sustaining more than 40% of the total orangutans on site during at least one month, as animals moved to track asynchronies in fruiting phenology. We conclude that landscape-level movements buffer orangutans against fruit scarcity, peat swamps are crucial fallback habitats, and orangutans' use of high elevation forests is strongly dependent on abiotic conditions. Our results show that orangutans can periodically occupy putative-sink habitats and be virtually absent for extended periods from habitats that are vitally important in sustaining their population, highlighting the need for long-term studies and potential risks in interpreting occurrence or abundance measures as indicators of habitat importance.
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Carvalho JS, Graham B, Bocksberger G, Maisels F, Williamson EA, Wich S, Sop T, Amarasekaran B, Barca B, Barrie A, Bergl RA, Boesch C, Boesch H, Brncic TM, Buys B, Chancellor R, Danquah E, Doumbé OA, Le‐Duc SY, Galat‐Luong A, Ganas J, Gatti S, Ghiurghi A, Goedmakers A, Granier N, Hakizimana D, Haurez B, Head J, Herbinger I, Hillers A, Jones S, Junker J, Maputla N, Manasseh E, McCarthy MS, Molokwu‐Odozi M, Morgan BJ, Nakashima Y, N’Goran PK, Nixon S, Nkembi L, Normand E, Nzooh LD, Olson SH, Payne L, Petre C, Piel AK, Pintea L, Plumptre AJ, Rundus A, Serckx A, Stewart FA, Sunderland‐Groves J, Tagg N, Todd A, Vosper A, Wenceslau JF, Wessling EG, Willie J, Kühl HS. Predicting range shifts of African apes under global change scenarios. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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9
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What Will Remain? Predicting the Representation in Protected Areas of Suitable Habitat for Endangered Tropical Avifauna in Borneo under a Combined Climate- and Land-Use Change Scenario. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13052792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The responses of threatened tropical avian species to projected climate change and land-use change are important for evaluating the ability of the existing protected areas to provide habitat to these species under future scenarios in biodiversity hotspots. This study uses Maxent, a species distribution model that employs a maximum entropy machine learning approach to map the spatial distributions of habitats suitable for the International Union for Conservation of Nature threatened birds under present and future climate and land-use change in Borneo. We find that the existing protected areas provide very low coverage of the threatened bird species’ suitable habitat areas (95%CI = 9.3–15.4%). Analysis of habitat suitability projections for 18 species of threatened birds suggests that in 2050, under Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B and B1, avian species with currently little suitable habitat may gain area but lose in the proportion of this that is protected. Large-ranged species are likely to lose habitat area and this will inflate the proportion of this remaining in protected areas. The present availability of suitable habitat was the most important determinant of future habitat availability under both the scenarios. Threat level, as measured by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and the habitat preferences considered here, Lowland or Lowland–Montane, are poor predictors of the amount of habitat contraction or expansion undergone by the species.
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10
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Ng CKC, Payne J, Oram F. Small habitat matrix: How does it work? AMBIO 2021; 50:601-614. [PMID: 32915445 PMCID: PMC7882646 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-020-01384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present herein our perspective of a novel Small Habitats Matrix (SHM) concept showing how small habitats on private lands are untapped but can be valuable for mitigating ecological degradation. Grounded by the realities in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, we model a discontinuous "stepping stones" linkage that includes both terrestrial and aquatic habitats to illustrate exactly how the SHM can be deployed. Taken together, the SHM is expected to optimize the meta-population vitality in monoculture landscapes for aerial, arboreal, terrestrial and aquatic wildlife communities. We also provide the tangible cost estimates and discuss how such a concept is both economically affordable and plausible to complement global conservation initiatives. By proposing a practical approach to conservation in the rapidly developing tropics, we present a perspective from "ground zero" that reaches out to fellow scientists, funders, activists and pro-environmental land owners who often ask, "What more can we do?"
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Keat-Chuan Ng
- Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Malaysia
| | - John Payne
- Borneo Rhino Alliance (BORA), Faculty Sains dan Sumber Alam, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Felicity Oram
- PONGO Alliance, Units S10-12, 1st Floor, The Peak Vista, Block B Lorong Puncak 1, Tanjung Lipat, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
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Predicting Hotspots and Prioritizing Protected Areas for Endangered Primate Species in Indonesia under Changing Climate. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020154. [PMID: 33672036 PMCID: PMC7919460 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Primates play an essential role in human life and its ecosystem. However, Indonesian primates have suffered many threats due to climate change and altered landscapes that lead to extinction. Therefore, primate conservation planning and strategies are important in maintaining their population. We quantified how extensively the protected areas overlapped primate hotspots and how it changes under mitigation and worst-case scenarios of climate change. Finally, we provide protected areas recommendations based on species richness and land-use changes under the worst-case scenario for Indonesian primate conservation planning and management options. Abstract Indonesia has a large number of primate diversity where a majority of the species are threatened. In addition, climate change is conservation issues that biodiversity may likely face in the future, particularly among primates. Thus, species-distribution modeling was useful for conservation planning. Herein, we present protected areas (PA) recommendations with high nature-conservation importance based on species-richness changes. We performed maximum entropy (Maxent) to retrieve species distribution of 51 primate species across Indonesia. We calculated species-richness change and range shifts to determine the priority of PA for primates under mitigation and worst-case scenarios by 2050. The results suggest that the models have an excellent performance based on seven different metrics. Current primate distributions occupied 65% of terrestrial landscape. However, our results indicate that 30 species of primates in Indonesia are likely to be extinct by 2050. Future primate species richness would be also expected to decline with the alpha diversity ranging from one to four species per 1 km2. Based on our results, we recommend 54 and 27 PA in Indonesia to be considered as the habitat-restoration priority and refugia, respectively. We conclude that species-distribution modeling approach along with the categorical species richness is effectively applicable for assessing primate biodiversity patterns.
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Bernard AB, Marshall AJ. Assessing the state of knowledge of contemporary climate change and primates. Evol Anthropol 2020; 29:317-331. [DOI: 10.1002/evan.21874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. Bernard
- Department of Anthropology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Andrew J. Marshall
- Department of Anthropology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Program in the Environment University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- School for Environment and Sustainability University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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De Kort H, Baguette M, Lenoir J, Stevens VM. Toward reliable habitat suitability and accessibility models in an era of multiple environmental stressors. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:10937-10952. [PMID: 33144939 PMCID: PMC7593202 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Global biodiversity declines, largely driven by climate and land-use changes, urge the development of transparent guidelines for effective conservation strategies. Species distribution modeling (SDM) is a widely used approach for predicting potential shifts in species distributions, which can in turn support ecological conservation where environmental change is expected to impact population and community dynamics. Improvements in SDM accuracy through incorporating intra- and interspecific processes have boosted the SDM field forward, but simultaneously urge harmonizing the vast array of SDM approaches into an overarching, widely adoptable, and scientifically justified SDM framework. In this review, we first discuss how climate warming and land-use change interact to govern population dynamics and species' distributions, depending on species' dispersal and evolutionary abilities. We particularly emphasize that both land-use and climate change can reduce the accessibility to suitable habitat for many species, rendering the ability of species to colonize new habitat and to exchange genetic variation a crucial yet poorly implemented component of SDM. We then unite existing methodological SDM practices that aim to increase model accuracy through accounting for multiple global change stressors, dispersal, or evolution, while shifting our focus to model feasibility. We finally propose a roadmap harmonizing model accuracy and feasibility, applicable to both common and rare species, particularly those with poor dispersal abilities. This roadmap (a) paves the way for an overarching SDM framework allowing comparison and synthesis of different SDM studies and (b) could advance SDM to a level that allows systematic integration of SDM outcomes into effective conservation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne De Kort
- Plant Conservation and Population BiologyBiology DepartmentUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Michel Baguette
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR 5321 SETE)National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS)Université Toulouse III – Paul SabatierMoulisFrance
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleParisFrance
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR “Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés” (EDYSANUMR 7058 CNRS‐UPJV)Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiens Cedex 1France
| | - Virginie M. Stevens
- Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (UMR 5321 SETE)National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS)Université Toulouse III – Paul SabatierMoulisFrance
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Rapid assessment of site occupancy by collared pika (Ochotona collaris) at the leading edge of their range. EUR J WILDLIFE RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10344-020-01406-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wedeux B, Dalponte M, Schlund M, Hagen S, Cochrane M, Graham L, Usup A, Thomas A, Coomes D. Dynamics of a human-modified tropical peat swamp forest revealed by repeat lidar surveys. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:3947-3964. [PMID: 32267596 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tropical peat swamp forests (PSFs) are globally important carbon stores under threat. In Southeast Asia, 35% of peatlands had been drained and converted to plantations by 2010, and much of the remaining forest had been logged, contributing significantly to global carbon emissions. Yet, tropical forests have the capacity to regain biomass quickly and forests on drained peatlands may grow faster in response to soil aeration, so the net effect of humans on forest biomass remains poorly understood. In this study, two lidar surveys (made in 2011 and 2014) are compared to map forest biomass dynamics across 96 km2 of PSF in Kalimantan, Indonesia. The peatland is now legally protected for conservation, but large expanses were logged under concessions until 1998 and illegal logging continues in accessible portions. It was hypothesized that historically logged areas would be recovering biomass while recently logged areas would be losing biomass. We found that historically logged forests were recovering biomass near old canals and railways used by the concessions. Lidar detected substantial illegal logging activity-579 km of logging canals were located beneath the canopy. Some patches close to these canals have been logged in the 2011-2104 period (i.e. substantial biomass loss) but, on aggregate, these illegally logged regions were also recovering. Unexpectedly, rapid growth was also observed in intact forest that had not been logged and was over a kilometre from the nearest known canal, perhaps in response to greater aeration of surface peat. Comparing these results with flux measurements taken at other nearby sites, we find that carbon sequestration in above-ground biomass may have offset roughly half the carbon efflux from peat oxidation. This study demonstrates the power of repeat lidar survey to map fine-scale forest dynamics in remote areas, revealing previously unrecognized impacts of anthropogenic global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Wedeux
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge Conservation Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michele Dalponte
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge Conservation Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige (TN), Italy
| | - Michael Schlund
- Cartography, GIS & Remote Sensing Department, Institute of Geography, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Mark Cochrane
- Appalachian Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science (UMCES), Frostburg, MD, USA
| | - Laura Graham
- BOS-Mawas at The Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation, Palanka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Aswin Usup
- University of Palangka Raya, Palanka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Andri Thomas
- BOS-Mawas at The Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation, Palanka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - David Coomes
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge Conservation Research Institute, Cambridge, UK
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Dai Y, Hacker CE, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhang Y, Liu H, Zhang J, Ji Y, Xue Y, Li D. Identifying climate refugia and its potential impact on Tibetan brown bear ( Ursus arctos pruinosus) in Sanjiangyuan National Park, China. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:13278-13293. [PMID: 31871644 PMCID: PMC6912912 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change has direct impacts on wildlife and future biodiversity protection efforts. Vulnerability assessment and habitat connectivity analyses are necessary for drafting effective conservation strategies for threatened species such as the Tibetan brown bear (Ursus arctos pruinosus). We used the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to assess the current (1950-2000) and future (2041-2060) habitat suitability by combining bioclimatic and environmental variables, and identified potential climate refugia for Tibetan brown bears in Sanjiangyuan National Park, China. Next, we selected Circuit model to simulate potential migration paths based on current and future climatically suitable habitat. Results indicate a total area of potential suitable habitat under the current climate scenario of approximately 31,649.46 km2, of which 28,778.29 km2 would be unsuitable by the 2050s. Potentially suitable habitat under the future climate scenario was projected to cover an area of 23,738.6 km2. Climate refugia occupied 2,871.17 km2, primarily in the midwestern and northeastern regions of Yangtze River Zone, as well as the northern region of Yellow River Zone. The altitude of climate refugia ranged from 4,307 to 5,524 m, with 52.93% lying at altitudes between 4,300 and 4,600 m. Refugia were mainly distributed on bare rock, alpine steppe, and alpine meadow. Corridors linking areas of potentially suitable brown bear habitat and a substantial portion of paths with low-resistance value were distributed in climate refugia. We recommend various actions to ameliorate the impact of climate change on brown bears, such as protecting climatically suitable habitat, establishing habitat corridors, restructuring conservation areas, and strengthening monitoring efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchuan Dai
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and ProtectionChinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity ConservationState Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijingChina
| | | | - Yuguang Zhang
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and ProtectionChinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity ConservationState Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijingChina
| | - Wenwen Li
- Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Qilian Mountain National Park Qinghai AdministrationXiningChina
| | - Haodong Liu
- Research Institute of Forest Resource Information TechniquesChinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau BiotaNorthwest Institute of Plateau BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesXiningChina
| | - Yunrui Ji
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and ProtectionChinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity ConservationState Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijingChina
| | - Yadong Xue
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and ProtectionChinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity ConservationState Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijingChina
| | - Diqiang Li
- Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and ProtectionChinese Academy of ForestryBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity ConservationState Forestry and Grassland AdministrationBeijingChina
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19
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Harrison ME, Ottay JB, D’Arcy LJ, Cheyne SM, Anggodo, Belcher C, Cole L, Dohong A, Ermiasi Y, Feldpausch T, Gallego‐Sala A, Gunawan A, Höing A, Husson SJ, Kulu IP, Soebagio SM, Mang S, Mercado L, Morrogh‐Bernard HC, Page SE, Priyanto R, Ripoll Capilla B, Rowland L, Santos EM, Schreer V, Sudyana IN, Taman SBB, Thornton SA, Upton C, Wich SA, Veen FJF. Tropical forest and peatland conservation in Indonesia: Challenges and directions. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Harrison
- Borneo Nature Foundation Palangka Raya Indonesia
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment University of Leicester Leicester UK
| | | | - Laura J. D’Arcy
- Borneo Nature Foundation Palangka Raya Indonesia
- Zoological Society of London (ZSL) London UK
| | - Susan M. Cheyne
- Borneo Nature Foundation Palangka Raya Indonesia
- Oxford Brookes University Oxford UK
| | - Anggodo
- Sebangau National Park Office Palangka Raya Indonesia
| | - Claire Belcher
- School of Geography College of Life and Environmental Science University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Lydia Cole
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | - Alue Dohong
- Peatland Restoration Agency Jakarta Indonesia
- University of Palangka Raya Palangka Raya Indonesia
| | | | - Ted Feldpausch
- School of Geography College of Life and Environmental Science University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Angela Gallego‐Sala
- School of Geography College of Life and Environmental Science University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Adib Gunawan
- Nature Conservation Agency Central Kalimantan (BSKDA KALTENG)Palangka Raya Indonesia
| | - Andrea Höing
- Borneo Nature Foundation Palangka Raya Indonesia
- Institute of Oriental and Asian Studies Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhems‐Universität Bonn Bonn Germany
| | | | - Ici P. Kulu
- UPT CIMTROP University of Palangka Raya Palangka Raya Indonesia
| | | | - Shari Mang
- Borneo Nature Foundation Palangka Raya Indonesia
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn UK
| | - Lina Mercado
- School of Geography College of Life and Environmental Science University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Helen C. Morrogh‐Bernard
- Borneo Nature Foundation Palangka Raya Indonesia
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn UK
| | - Susan E. Page
- Borneo Nature Foundation Palangka Raya Indonesia
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment University of Leicester Leicester UK
| | | | | | - Lucy Rowland
- School of Geography College of Life and Environmental Science University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Eduarda M. Santos
- Environmental Biology Research Group College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | | | | | | | - Sara A. Thornton
- Borneo Nature Foundation Palangka Raya Indonesia
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment University of Leicester Leicester UK
| | - Caroline Upton
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment University of Leicester Leicester UK
| | | | - F. J. Frank Veen
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn UK
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20
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Carvalho JS, Graham B, Rebelo H, Bocksberger G, Meyer CFJ, Wich S, Kühl HS. A global risk assessment of primates under climate and land use/cover scenarios. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:3163-3178. [PMID: 31034733 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Primates are facing an impending extinction crisis, driven by extensive habitat loss, land use change and hunting. Climate change is an additional threat, which alone or in combination with other drivers, may severely impact those taxa unable to track suitable environmental conditions. Here, we investigate the extent of climate and land use/cover (LUC) change-related risks for primates. We employed an analytical approach to objectively select a subset of climate scenarios, for which we then calculated changes in climatic and LUC conditions for 2050 across primate ranges (N = 426 species) under a best-case scenario and a worst-case scenario. Generalized linear models were used to examine whether these changes varied according to region, conservation status, range extent and dominant habitat. Finally, we reclassified primate ranges based on different magnitudes of maximum temperature change, and quantified the proportion of ranges overall and of primate hotspots in particular that are likely to be exposed to extreme temperature increases. We found that, under the worst-case scenario, 74% of Neotropical forest-dwelling primates are likely to be exposed to maximum temperature increases up to 7°C. In contrast, 38% of Malagasy savanna primates will experience less pronounced warming of up to 3.5°C. About one quarter of Asian and African primates will face up to 50% crop expansion within their range. Primary land (undisturbed habitat) is expected to disappear across species' ranges, whereas secondary land (disturbed habitat) will increase by up to 98%. With 86% of primate ranges likely to be exposed to maximum temperature increases >3°C, primate hotspots in the Neotropics are expected to be particularly vulnerable. Our study highlights the fundamental exposure risk of a large percentage of primate ranges to predicted climate and LUC changes. Importantly, our findings underscore the urgency with which climate change mitigation measures need to be implemented to avert primate extinctions on an unprecedented scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana S Carvalho
- Faculty of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Bruce Graham
- Faculty of Computing Science and Mathematics, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Hugo Rebelo
- CIBIO/InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | | | - Serge Wich
- Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar S Kühl
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Leipzig-Jena, Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Seaman DJI, Bernard H, Ancrenaz M, Coomes D, Swinfield T, Milodowski DT, Humle T, Struebig MJ. Densities of Bornean orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus morio) in heavily degraded forest and oil palm plantations in Sabah, Borneo. Am J Primatol 2019; 81:e23030. [PMID: 31328289 PMCID: PMC6771663 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of forest to agriculture continues to contribute to the loss and fragmentation of remaining orang-utan habitat. There are still few published estimates of orang-utan densities in these heavily modified agricultural areas to inform range-wide population assessments and conservation strategies. In addition, little is known about what landscape features promote orang-utan habitat use. Using indirect nest count methods, we implemented surveys and estimated population densities of the Northeast Bornean orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus morio) across the continuous logged forest and forest remnants in a recently salvage-logged area and oil palm plantations in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. We then assessed the influence of landscape features and forest structural metrics obtained from LiDAR data on estimates of orang-utan density. Recent salvage logging appeared to have a little short-term effect on orang-utan density (2.35 ind/km 2 ), which remained similar to recovering logged forest nearby (2.32 ind/km 2 ). Orang-utans were also present in remnant forest patches in oil palm plantations, but at significantly lower numbers (0.82 ind/km 2 ) than nearby logged forest and salvage-logged areas. Densities were strongly influenced by variation in canopy height but were not associated with other potential covariates. Our findings suggest that orang-utans currently exist, at least in the short-term, within human-modified landscapes, providing that remnant forest patches remain. We urge greater recognition of the role that these degraded habitats can have in supporting orang-utan populations, and that future range-wide analyses and conservation strategies better incorporate data from human-modified landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave J I Seaman
- Durrell Institute of Con servation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Henry Bernard
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- HUTAN-Kinabatangan Orangutan Conservation Programme, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia.,Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
| | - David Coomes
- Department of Plant Sciences, Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Swinfield
- Department of Plant Sciences, Forest Ecology and Conservation Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Centre for Conservation Science, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, David Attenborough Building, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Tatyana Humle
- Durrell Institute of Con servation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Matthew J Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Con servation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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22
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Simon D, Davies G, Ancrenaz M. Changes to Sabah's orangutan population in recent times: 2002-2017. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218819. [PMID: 31314781 PMCID: PMC6636716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bornean orangutan is critically endangered and monitoring its population is needed to inform effective conservation management. In this paper, we present results of 2014–17 aerial nest surveys of the major orangutan populations in Sabah and compare them with baseline data produced during surveys conducted in 2002–03 using similar methods. Our results show three important points: a) by increasing the survey effort (estimated at 15–25% cover), sparsely scattered orangutan sub-populations not recorded in the previous aerial surveys were located and the accuracy of the nest count estimates is expected to improve; b) large populations in the interior forests of Sabah, occupying sustainably managed logged and unlogged forests, have been stable over 15 years and are of vital importance for the species’ conservation; c) fragmented populations located in eastern Sabah, that are surrounded by extensive oil palm plantations, have declined at varying rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Simon
- WWF-Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Glyn Davies
- WWF-Malaysia, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- HUTAN-Kinabatangan Orangutan Conservation Programme, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
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23
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Identifying climate refugia and its potential impact on small population of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) in China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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24
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Estrada A, Garber PA, Chaudhary A. Expanding global commodities trade and consumption place the world’s primates at risk of extinction. PeerJ 2019. [DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of recent human activities. populations of approximately 75% of the world’s primates are in decline, and more than 60% of species (n = 512) are threatened with extinction. Major anthropogenic pressures on primate persistence include the widespread loss and degradation of natural habitats caused by the expansion of industrial agriculture, pastureland for cattle, logging, mining, and fossil fuel extraction. This is the result of growing global market demands for agricultural and nonagricultural commodities. Here, we profile the effects of international trade of forest-risk agricultural and nonagricultural commodities, namely soybean, oil palm, natural rubber, beef, forestry products, fossil fuels, metals, minerals, and gemstones on habitat conversion in the Neotropics, Africa, and South and Southeast Asia. Total estimated forest loss for these regions between 2001 and 2017 was ca 179 million ha. The average percent of commodity-driven permanent deforestation for the period 2001–2015 was highest in Southeast Asia (47%) followed by the Neotropics (26%), South Asia (26%), and Africa (7%). Commodities exports increased significantly between 2000 and 2016 in all primate range regions leading to the widespread conversion of forested land to agricultural fields and an increase in natural resource extraction. In 2016, US $1.1 trillion of natural-resource commodities were traded by countries in primate range regions. The Neotropics accounted for 41% of the total value of these exports, Southeast Asia for 27%, Africa 21%, and South Asia 11%. Major commodity exporters in 2016 were Brazil, India, Indonesia, Malaysia and South Africa, countries of high primate diversity and endemism. Among the top 10 importers were China, the US, Japan, and Switzerland. Primate range countries lag far behind importer nations in food security and gross domestic product per capita, suggesting that trade and commodity-driven land-use have done little to generate wealth and well-being in primate habitat countries. Modeling of land-use and projected extinction of primate species by 2050 and 2100 under a business as usual scenario for 61 primate range countries indicate that each country is expected to see a significant increase in the number of species threatened with extinction. To mitigate this impending crisis, we advocate the “greening” of trade, a global shift toward a low-meat diet, reduced consumption of oil seed, diminished use of tropical timber, fossil fuels, metals, minerals, and gemstones from the tropics, accompanied by a stronger and sustained global resolve to regulate and reverse the negative impacts of growing unsustainable global demands and commodity trade on income inequality, and the destruction of primates and their habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Estrada
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, Institute of Biology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paul A. Garber
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Abhishek Chaudhary
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
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25
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Mukul SA, Alamgir M, Sohel MSI, Pert PL, Herbohn J, Turton SM, Khan MSI, Munim SA, Reza AHMA, Laurance WF. Combined effects of climate change and sea-level rise project dramatic habitat loss of the globally endangered Bengal tiger in the Bangladesh Sundarbans. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 663:830-840. [PMID: 30738263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Sundarbans, in southern coastal Bangladesh, is the world's largest surviving mangrove habitat and the last stronghold of tiger adapted to living in a mangrove ecosystem. Using MaxEnt (maximum entropy modeling), current distribution data, land-use/land cover and bioclimatic variables, we modeled the likely future distribution of the globally endangered Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in the Bangladesh Sundarbans. We used two climatic scenarios (i.e., RCP6.0 and RCP8.5) developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to provide projections of suitable habitats of Bengal tigers in 2050 and 2070. We also combined projected sea-level rise for the area in our models of future species distributions. Our results suggest that there will be a dramatic decline in suitable Bengal tiger habitats in the Bangladesh Sundarbans. Other than various aspects of local climate, sea-level rise is projected to have a substantial negative impact on Bengal tiger habitats in this low-lying area. Our model predicts that due to the combined effect of climate change and sea-level rise, there will be no suitable Bengal tiger habitat remaining in the Sundarbans by 2070. Enhancing terrestrial protected area coverage, regular monitoring, law enforcement, awareness-building among local residents among the key strategies needed to ensure long-term survival and conservation of the Bengal tiger in the Bangladesh Sundarbans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif A Mukul
- Department of Environmental Management, School of Environmental Science and Management, Independent University Bangladesh, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia; Tropical Forestry Group, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Mohammed Alamgir
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia; Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shawkat I Sohel
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia; Tropical Forestry Group, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - John Herbohn
- Tropical Forests and People Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4558, Australia; Tropical Forestry Group, School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Md Saiful I Khan
- Department of Zoology, Otago University, Dundedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Shifath Ahmed Munim
- Department of Environmental Management, School of Environmental Science and Management, Independent University Bangladesh, Bashundhara R/A, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - A H M Ali Reza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delta State University, Cleveland, MS 38733, USA
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
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26
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Zhang Y, Clauzel C, Li J, Xue Y, Zhang Y, Wu G, Giraudoux P, Li L, Li D. Identifying refugia and corridors under climate change conditions for the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey ( Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Hubei Province, China. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:1680-1690. [PMID: 30847064 PMCID: PMC6392490 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Using a case study of an isolated management unit of Sichuan snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus roxellana), we assess the extent that climate change will impact the species' habitat distribution in the current period and projected into the 2050s. We identify refugia that could maintain the population under climate change and determine dispersal paths for movement of the population to future suitable habitats. Hubei Province, China. We identified climate refugia and potential movements by integrating bioclimatic models with circuit theory and least-cost model for the current period (1960-1990) and the 2050s (2041-2060). We coupled a maximum entropy algorithm to predict suitable habitat for the current and projected future periods. Suitable habitat areas that were identified during both time periods and that also satisfied home range and dispersal distance conditions were delineated as refugia. We mapped potential movements measured as current flow and linked current and future habitats using least-cost corridors. Our results indicate up to 1,119 km2 of currently suitable habitat within the study range. Based on our projections, a habitat loss of 67.2% due to climate change may occur by the 2050s, resulting in a reduced suitable habitat area of 406 km2 and very little new habitat. The refugia areas amounted to 286 km2 and were located in Shennongjia National Park and Badong Natural Reserve. Several connecting corridors between the current and future habitats, which are important for potential movements, were identified. Our assessment of the species predicted a trajectory of habitat loss following anticipated future climate change. We believe conservation efforts should focus on refugia and corridors when planning for future species management. This study will assist conservationists in determining high-priority regions for effective maintenance of the endangered population under climate change and will encourage increased habitat connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Forestry/Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationResearch Institute of Forest EcologyEnvironment and ProtectionBeijingChina
- Key Lab of Hazard Risk Management and Wildlife Management and Ecosystem HealthYunnan University of Finance and EconomicsKunmingChina
| | - Céline Clauzel
- Key Lab of Hazard Risk Management and Wildlife Management and Ecosystem HealthYunnan University of Finance and EconomicsKunmingChina
- LADYSS, UMR7533‐CNRS, University Paris DiderotSorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Jia Li
- Chinese Academy of Forestry/Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationResearch Institute of Forest EcologyEnvironment and ProtectionBeijingChina
| | - Yadong Xue
- Chinese Academy of Forestry/Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationResearch Institute of Forest EcologyEnvironment and ProtectionBeijingChina
| | - Yuguang Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Forestry/Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationResearch Institute of Forest EcologyEnvironment and ProtectionBeijingChina
| | - Gongsheng Wu
- Key Lab of Hazard Risk Management and Wildlife Management and Ecosystem HealthYunnan University of Finance and EconomicsKunmingChina
- School of Urban Management and Resource EnvironmentYunnan University of Finance and EconomicsKunmingChina
| | - Patrick Giraudoux
- Key Lab of Hazard Risk Management and Wildlife Management and Ecosystem HealthYunnan University of Finance and EconomicsKunmingChina
- Chrono‐Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRSUniversity of Bourgogne Franche‐ComtéBesançonFrance
| | - Li Li
- Key Lab of Hazard Risk Management and Wildlife Management and Ecosystem HealthYunnan University of Finance and EconomicsKunmingChina
- School of Urban Management and Resource EnvironmentYunnan University of Finance and EconomicsKunmingChina
| | - Diqiang Li
- Chinese Academy of Forestry/Key Laboratory of Biodiversity of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationResearch Institute of Forest EcologyEnvironment and ProtectionBeijingChina
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27
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Mathai J, Niedballa J, Radchuk V, Sollmann R, Heckmann I, Brodie J, Struebig M, Hearn AJ, Ross J, Macdonald DW, Hon J, Wilting A. Identifying refuges for Borneo's elusive Hose's civet. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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28
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Pandong J, Gumal M, Alen L, Sidu A, Ng S, Koh LP. Population estimates of Bornean orang-utans using Bayesian analysis at the greater Batang Ai-Lanjak-Entimau landscape in Sarawak, Malaysia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15672. [PMID: 30353034 PMCID: PMC6199283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The integration of Bayesian analysis into existing great ape survey methods could be used to generate precise and reliable population estimates of Bornean orang-utans. We used the Marked Nest Count (MNC) method to count new orang-utan nests at seven previously undocumented study sites in Sarawak, Malaysia. Our survey teams marked new nests on the first survey and revisited the plots on two more occasions; after about 21 and 42 days respectively. We used the N-mixture models to integrate suitability, abundance and detection models which account for zero inflation and imperfect detection for the analysis. The result was a combined estimate of 355 orang-utans with the 95% highest density interval (HDI) of 135 to 602 individuals. We visually inspected the posterior distributions of our parameters and compared precisions between study sites. We subsequently assess the strength or reliability of the generated estimates using identifiability tests. Only three out of the seven estimates had <35% overlap to indicate strong reliability. We discussed the limitations and advantages of our study design, and made recommendations to improve the sampling scheme. Over the course of this research, two of the study sites were gazetted as extensions to the Lanjak-Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary for orang-utan conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Pandong
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)-Malaysia Programme, No. 7 Jalan Ridgeway, 93200, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. .,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.
| | - Melvin Gumal
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)-Malaysia Programme, No. 7 Jalan Ridgeway, 93200, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Lukmann Alen
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)-Malaysia Programme, No. 7 Jalan Ridgeway, 93200, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.,WWF Malaysia, Bangunan Binamas 7th Floor, Jalan Padungan, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Ailyn Sidu
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)-Malaysia Programme, No. 7 Jalan Ridgeway, 93200, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.,WWF Malaysia, Bangunan Binamas 7th Floor, Jalan Padungan, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Sylvia Ng
- Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)-Malaysia Programme, No. 7 Jalan Ridgeway, 93200, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia.,Conservation International, 3131 East Madison Street, Suite 201, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
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Abstract
Environmental stress on primate populations can take many forms. Abiotic factors, such as temperature and precipitation, may directly influence the behavior of primates owing to physiological demands of thermoregulation or through indirect influences on vegetation that primates rely on for food. These effects can also scale up to the macro scale, impacting primate distributions and evolution. Primates also encounter stress during interactions within and between species (i.e., biotic interactions). For example, selective pressure from male-perpetrated infanticide can drive the development of female counterstrategies and can impact life-history traits. Predation on primates can modify group size, ranging behavior, and habitat use. Finally, humans have influenced primate populations for millennia. More recently, hunting, habitat disturbance, disease, and climate change have increased in frequency and severity with detrimental impacts on primate populations worldwide. These effects and recent evidence from camera traps emphasize the importance of maintaining protected areas for conserving primate populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Kamilar
- Department of Anthropology and Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, USA
| | - Lydia Beaudrot
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and Michigan Society of Fellows, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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30
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Gallardo B, Bogan AE, Harun S, Jainih L, Lopes-Lima M, Pizarro M, Rahim KA, Sousa R, Virdis SGP, Zieritz A. Current and future effects of global change on a hotspot's freshwater diversity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 635:750-760. [PMID: 29680765 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Deforestation, climate change and invasive species constitute three global threats to biodiversity that act synergistically. However, drivers and rates of loss of freshwater biodiversity now and in the future are poorly understood. Here we focus on the potential impacts of global change on freshwater mussels (Order Unionida) in Sundaland (SE Asia), a vulnerable group facing global declines and recognized indicators of overall freshwater biodiversity. We used an ensemble of distribution models to identify habitats potentially suitable for freshwater mussels and their change under a range of climate, deforestation and invasion scenarios. Our data and models revealed that, at present, Sundaland features 47 and 32 Mha of habitat that can be considered environmentally suitable for native and invasive freshwater mussels, respectively. We anticipate that by 2050, the area suitable for palm oil cultivation may expand between 8 and 44 Mha, representing an annual increase of 2-11%. This is expected to result in a 20% decrease in suitable habitat for native mussels, a drop that reaches 30% by 2050 when considering concomitant climate change. In contrast, the habitat potentially suitable for invasive mussels may increase by 44-56% under 2050 future scenarios. Consequently, native mussels may compete for habitat, food resources and fish hosts with invasive mussels across approximately 60% of their suitable range. Our projections can be used to guide future expeditions to monitor the conservation status of freshwater biodiversity, and potentially reveal populations of endemic species on the brink of extinction. Future conservation measures-most importantly the designation of nature reserves-should take into account trends in freshwater biodiversity generally, and particularly species such as freshwater mussels, vital to safeguard fundamental ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Gallardo
- Applied and Restoration Ecology Group, Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC), 50092 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Arthur E Bogan
- Research Laboratory, North Carolina State Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA.
| | - Sahana Harun
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah (UMS), 88400, Jalan Maktab Sabah, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Leonardo Jainih
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah (UMS), 88400, Jalan Maktab Sabah, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Manuel Lopes-Lima
- CIBIO/InBIO - Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Manuel Pizarro
- Applied and Restoration Ecology Group, Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC), 50092 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Khairul Adha Rahim
- Department of Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Resource Science & Technology, University Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Ronaldo Sousa
- CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Salvatore G P Virdis
- Department of Information & Communication Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), AIT Asian Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 4, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.
| | - Alexandra Zieritz
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Malaysia.
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31
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Estrada A, Garber PA, Mittermeier RA, Wich S, Gouveia S, Dobrovolski R, Nekaris K, Nijman V, Rylands AB, Maisels F, Williamson EA, Bicca-Marques J, Fuentes A, Jerusalinsky L, Johnson S, Rodrigues de Melo F, Oliveira L, Schwitzer C, Roos C, Cheyne SM, Martins Kierulff MC, Raharivololona B, Talebi M, Ratsimbazafy J, Supriatna J, Boonratana R, Wedana M, Setiawan A. Primates in peril: the significance of Brazil, Madagascar, Indonesia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo for global primate conservation. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4869. [PMID: 29922508 PMCID: PMC6005167 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primates occur in 90 countries, but four-Brazil, Madagascar, Indonesia, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)-harbor 65% of the world's primate species (439) and 60% of these primates are Threatened, Endangered, or Critically Endangered (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017-3). Considering their importance for global primate conservation, we examine the anthropogenic pressures each country is facing that place their primate populations at risk. Habitat loss and fragmentation are main threats to primates in Brazil, Madagascar, and Indonesia. However, in DRC hunting for the commercial bushmeat trade is the primary threat. Encroachment on primate habitats driven by local and global market demands for food and non-food commodities hunting, illegal trade, the proliferation of invasive species, and human and domestic-animal borne infectious diseases cause habitat loss, population declines, and extirpation. Modeling agricultural expansion in the 21st century for the four countries under a worst-case-scenario, showed a primate range contraction of 78% for Brazil, 72% for Indonesia, 62% for Madagascar, and 32% for DRC. These pressures unfold in the context of expanding human populations with low levels of development. Weak governance across these four countries may limit effective primate conservation planning. We examine landscape and local approaches to effective primate conservation policies and assess the distribution of protected areas and primates in each country. Primates in Brazil and Madagascar have 38% of their range inside protected areas, 17% in Indonesia and 14% in DRC, suggesting that the great majority of primate populations remain vulnerable. We list the key challenges faced by the four countries to avert primate extinctions now and in the future. In the short term, effective law enforcement to stop illegal hunting and illegal forest destruction is absolutely key. Long-term success can only be achieved by focusing local and global public awareness, and actively engaging with international organizations, multinational businesses and consumer nations to reduce unsustainable demands on the environment. Finally, the four primate range countries need to ensure that integrated, sustainable land-use planning for economic development includes the maintenance of biodiversity and intact, functional natural ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Estrada
- Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paul A. Garber
- Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Serge Wich
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology and Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Liverpool John Moores University and University of Amsterdam, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sidney Gouveia
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
| | | | - K.A.I. Nekaris
- Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Vincent Nijman
- Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Fiona Maisels
- Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, NY, USA
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - Agustin Fuentes
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Leandro Jerusalinsky
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Steig Johnson
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Fabiano Rodrigues de Melo
- Universidade Federal de Goiás and Dept. Eng. Florestal, Campus UFV, UFV, Viçosa, Brazil, Jataí Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências, Faculdade de Formação de Professores, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (DCIEN/FFP/UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Christian Roos
- Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susan M. Cheyne
- Borneo Nature Foundation, Palangka Raya, Indonesia
- Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Cecilia Martins Kierulff
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Instituto Pri-Matas and Centro Universitário Norte do Espírito Santo, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Brigitte Raharivololona
- Mention Anthropobiologie et Développement Durable, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Mauricio Talebi
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jonah Ratsimbazafy
- Groupe d’étude et de recherche sur les primates (Gerp), Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Jatna Supriatna
- Graduate Program in Conservation Biology, Department of Biology FMIPA, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Ramesh Boonratana
- Mahidol University International College, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Made Wedana
- The Aspinall Foundation–Indonesia Program, Bandung West Java, Indonesia
| | - Arif Setiawan
- SwaraOwa, Coffee and Primate Conservation Project, Java, Central Java, Indonesia
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32
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Spehar SN, Sheil D, Harrison T, Louys J, Ancrenaz M, Marshall AJ, Wich SA, Bruford MW, Meijaard E. Orangutans venture out of the rainforest and into the Anthropocene. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:e1701422. [PMID: 29963619 PMCID: PMC6021148 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conservation benefits from understanding how adaptability and threat interact to determine a taxon's vulnerability. Recognizing how interactions with humans have shaped taxa such as the critically endangered orangutan (Pongo spp.) offers insights into this relationship. Orangutans are viewed as icons of wild nature, and most efforts to prevent their extinction have focused on protecting minimally disturbed habitat, with limited success. We synthesize fossil, archeological, genetic, and behavioral evidence to demonstrate that at least 70,000 years of human influence have shaped orangutan distribution, abundance, and ecology and will likely continue to do so in the future. Our findings indicate that orangutans are vulnerable to hunting but appear flexible in response to some other human activities. This highlights the need for a multifaceted, landscape-level approach to orangutan conservation that leverages sound policy and cooperation among government, private sector, and community stakeholders to prevent hunting, mitigate human-orangutan conflict, and preserve and reconnect remaining natural forests. Broad cooperation can be encouraged through incentives and strategies that focus on the common interests and concerns of different stakeholders. Orangutans provide an illustrative example of how acknowledging the long and pervasive influence of humans can improve strategies to preserve biodiversity in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N. Spehar
- Anthropology Program, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Terry Harrison
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Julien Louys
- Australian Research Center for Human Evolution, Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1518 Brunei Darussalam
- Kinabatangan Orang-Utan Conservation Programme, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Andrew J. Marshall
- Department of Anthropology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Program in the Environment, and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Serge A. Wich
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098, Netherlands
| | - Michael W. Bruford
- Sustainable Places Research Institute and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Erik Meijaard
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1518 Brunei Darussalam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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33
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Strier KB. Primate social behavior. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 165:801-812. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen B. Strier
- Department of Anthropology; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin, 53706
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34
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Voigt M, Wich SA, Ancrenaz M, Meijaard E, Abram N, Banes GL, Campbell-Smith G, d'Arcy LJ, Delgado RA, Erman A, Gaveau D, Goossens B, Heinicke S, Houghton M, Husson SJ, Leiman A, Sanchez KL, Makinuddin N, Marshall AJ, Meididit A, Miettinen J, Mundry R, Musnanda, Nardiyono, Nurcahyo A, Odom K, Panda A, Prasetyo D, Priadjati A, Purnomo, Rafiastanto A, Russon AE, Santika T, Sihite J, Spehar S, Struebig M, Sulbaran-Romero E, Tjiu A, Wells J, Wilson KA, Kühl HS. Global Demand for Natural Resources Eliminated More Than 100,000 Bornean Orangutans. Curr Biol 2018; 28:761-769.e5. [PMID: 29456144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Unsustainable exploitation of natural resources is increasingly affecting the highly biodiverse tropics [1, 2]. Although rapid developments in remote sensing technology have permitted more precise estimates of land-cover change over large spatial scales [3-5], our knowledge about the effects of these changes on wildlife is much more sparse [6, 7]. Here we use field survey data, predictive density distribution modeling, and remote sensing to investigate the impact of resource use and land-use changes on the density distribution of Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Our models indicate that between 1999 and 2015, half of the orangutan population was affected by logging, deforestation, or industrialized plantations. Although land clearance caused the most dramatic rates of decline, it accounted for only a small proportion of the total loss. A much larger number of orangutans were lost in selectively logged and primary forests, where rates of decline were less precipitous, but where far more orangutans are found. This suggests that further drivers, independent of land-use change, contribute to orangutan loss. This finding is consistent with studies reporting hunting as a major cause in orangutan decline [8-10]. Our predictions of orangutan abundance loss across Borneo suggest that the population decreased by more than 100,000 individuals, corroborating recent estimates of decline [11]. Practical solutions to prevent future orangutan decline can only be realized by addressing its complex causes in a holistic manner across political and societal sectors, such as in land-use planning, resource exploitation, infrastructure development, and education, and by increasing long-term sustainability [12]. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Voigt
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Serge A Wich
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology, and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam; HUTAN-Kinabatangan Orangutan Conservation Programme, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Erik Meijaard
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam; ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola Abram
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Living Landscape Alliance, 5 Jupiter House Calleva Park, Berkshire RG7 8NN, UK; Forever Sabah, H30 Gaya Park, Lorong Muntahan 1C, Penampang Road, 88300 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Graham L Banes
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Laura J d'Arcy
- Borneo Nature Foundation, JL. Bukit Raya No. 82, Bukit Raya, Palangka Raya 73112, Indonesia; Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Roberto A Delgado
- Departments of Anthropology and Biological Sciences, Program in Integrative and Evolutionary Biology (IEB), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andi Erman
- Kapuas Hulu Program, GFA/KWF, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - David Gaveau
- Center for International Forestry Research, P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor 16000, Indonesia
| | - Benoit Goossens
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stefanie Heinicke
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Max Houghton
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology, and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Simon J Husson
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project, The Center for International Cooperation in the Sustainable Management of Tropical Peatlands (CIMTROP), University of Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Andrew J Marshall
- Department of Anthropology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Program in the Environment, and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ari Meididit
- Biology Faculty, Universitas Nasional (UNAS), Jakarta, Indonesia; Central Kalimantan Program, World Wide Fund for Nature-Indonesia (WWF-Indonesia), JL. Krakatau No. 12, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan 73112, Indonesia
| | - Jukka Miettinen
- Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing (CRISP), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 119076, Singapore
| | - Roger Mundry
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Musnanda
- The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nardiyono
- Austindo Nusantara Jaya, Jakarta 12910, Indonesia
| | - Anton Nurcahyo
- College of Arts and Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kisar Odom
- Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF), JL. Papandayan No.10, Bogor 16151 West Java, Indonesia
| | - Adventus Panda
- Central Kalimantan Program, World Wide Fund for Nature-Indonesia (WWF-Indonesia), JL. Krakatau No. 12, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan 73112, Indonesia
| | - Didik Prasetyo
- The Indonesian Association of Primatologists (PERHAPPI), Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Purnomo
- The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Anne E Russon
- Psychology Department, Glendon College of York University, 2275 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M6, Canada
| | - Truly Santika
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam; ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jamartin Sihite
- Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF), JL. Papandayan No.10, Bogor 16151 West Java, Indonesia; Restorasi Habitat Orangutan Indonesia (RHOI), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Stephanie Spehar
- Anthropology Program, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - Matthew Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Enrique Sulbaran-Romero
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Albertus Tjiu
- West Kalimantan Program, World Wide Fund for Nature-Indonesia (WWF-Indonesia), JL. Karna Sosial, Gg. Wonoyoso 2 No. 3, Pontianak 78124 West Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Jessie Wells
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kerrie A Wilson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hjalmar S Kühl
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Campos FA, Morris WF, Alberts SC, Altmann J, Brockman DK, Cords M, Pusey A, Stoinski TS, Strier KB, Fedigan LM. Does climate variability influence the demography of wild primates? Evidence from long-term life-history data in seven species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:4907-4921. [PMID: 28589633 DOI: 10.10.1111/gcb.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Earth's rapidly changing climate creates a growing need to understand how demographic processes in natural populations are affected by climate variability, particularly among organisms threatened by extinction. Long-term, large-scale, and cross-taxon studies of vital rate variation in relation to climate variability can be particularly valuable because they can reveal environmental drivers that affect multiple species over extensive regions. Few such data exist for animals with slow life histories, particularly in the tropics, where climate variation over large-scale space is asynchronous. As our closest relatives, nonhuman primates are especially valuable as a resource to understand the roles of climate variability and climate change in human evolutionary history. Here, we provide the first comprehensive investigation of vital rate variation in relation to climate variability among wild primates. We ask whether primates are sensitive to global changes that are universal (e.g., higher temperature, large-scale climate oscillations) or whether they are more sensitive to global change effects that are local (e.g., more rain in some places), which would complicate predictions of how primates in general will respond to climate change. To address these questions, we use a database of long-term life-history data for natural populations of seven primate species that have been studied for 29-52 years to investigate associations between vital rate variation, local climate variability, and global climate oscillations. Associations between vital rates and climate variability varied among species and depended on the time windows considered, highlighting the importance of temporal scale in detection of such effects. We found strong climate signals in the fertility rates of three species. However, survival, which has a greater impact on population growth, was little affected by climate variability. Thus, we found evidence for demographic buffering of life histories, but also evidence of mechanisms by which climate change could affect the fates of wild primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A Campos
- Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Susan C Alberts
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jeanne Altmann
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Diane K Brockman
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Marina Cords
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne Pusey
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tara S Stoinski
- The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen B Strier
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Linda M Fedigan
- Department of Anthropology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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36
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Campos FA, Morris WF, Alberts SC, Altmann J, Brockman DK, Cords M, Pusey A, Stoinski TS, Strier KB, Fedigan LM. Does climate variability influence the demography of wild primates? Evidence from long-term life-history data in seven species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:4907-4921. [PMID: 28589633 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Earth's rapidly changing climate creates a growing need to understand how demographic processes in natural populations are affected by climate variability, particularly among organisms threatened by extinction. Long-term, large-scale, and cross-taxon studies of vital rate variation in relation to climate variability can be particularly valuable because they can reveal environmental drivers that affect multiple species over extensive regions. Few such data exist for animals with slow life histories, particularly in the tropics, where climate variation over large-scale space is asynchronous. As our closest relatives, nonhuman primates are especially valuable as a resource to understand the roles of climate variability and climate change in human evolutionary history. Here, we provide the first comprehensive investigation of vital rate variation in relation to climate variability among wild primates. We ask whether primates are sensitive to global changes that are universal (e.g., higher temperature, large-scale climate oscillations) or whether they are more sensitive to global change effects that are local (e.g., more rain in some places), which would complicate predictions of how primates in general will respond to climate change. To address these questions, we use a database of long-term life-history data for natural populations of seven primate species that have been studied for 29-52 years to investigate associations between vital rate variation, local climate variability, and global climate oscillations. Associations between vital rates and climate variability varied among species and depended on the time windows considered, highlighting the importance of temporal scale in detection of such effects. We found strong climate signals in the fertility rates of three species. However, survival, which has a greater impact on population growth, was little affected by climate variability. Thus, we found evidence for demographic buffering of life histories, but also evidence of mechanisms by which climate change could affect the fates of wild primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A Campos
- Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Susan C Alberts
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jeanne Altmann
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Diane K Brockman
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Marina Cords
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne Pusey
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tara S Stoinski
- The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen B Strier
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Linda M Fedigan
- Department of Anthropology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Santika T, Ancrenaz M, Wilson KA, Spehar S, Abram N, Banes GL, Campbell-Smith G, Curran L, d'Arcy L, Delgado RA, Erman A, Goossens B, Hartanto H, Houghton M, Husson SJ, Kühl HS, Lackman I, Leiman A, Llano Sanchez K, Makinuddin N, Marshall AJ, Meididit A, Mengersen K, Musnanda, Nardiyono, Nurcahyo A, Odom K, Panda A, Prasetyo D, Purnomo, Rafiastanto A, Raharjo S, Ratnasari D, Russon AE, Santana AH, Santoso E, Sapari I, Sihite J, Suyoko A, Tjiu A, Utami-Atmoko SS, van Schaik CP, Voigt M, Wells J, Wich SA, Willems EP, Meijaard E. First integrative trend analysis for a great ape species in Borneo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4839. [PMID: 28687788 PMCID: PMC5501861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
For many threatened species the rate and drivers of population decline are difficult to assess accurately: species' surveys are typically restricted to small geographic areas, are conducted over short time periods, and employ a wide range of survey protocols. We addressed methodological challenges for assessing change in the abundance of an endangered species. We applied novel methods for integrating field and interview survey data for the critically endangered Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), allowing a deeper understanding of the species' persistence through time. Our analysis revealed that Bornean orangutan populations have declined at a rate of 25% over the last 10 years. Survival rates of the species are lowest in areas with intermediate rainfall, where complex interrelations between soil fertility, agricultural productivity, and human settlement patterns influence persistence. These areas also have highest threats from human-wildlife conflict. Survival rates are further positively associated with forest extent, but are lower in areas where surrounding forest has been recently converted to industrial agriculture. Our study highlights the urgency of determining specific management interventions needed in different locations to counter the trend of decline and its associated drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truly Santika
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam.,Kinabatangan Orang-utan Conservation Programme, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Kerrie A Wilson
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephanie Spehar
- Anthropology Program, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - Nicola Abram
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Living Landscape Alliance, 5 Jupiter House Calleva Park, Berkshire, RG7 8NN, United Kingdom
| | - Graham L Banes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom.,CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.,Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Curran
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Laura d'Arcy
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project, The Center for International Cooperation in the Sustainable Management of Tropical Peatlands (CIMTROP), University of Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Roberto A Delgado
- Departments of Anthropology and Biological Sciences, Program in Integrative and Evolutionary Biology (IEB), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Andi Erman
- GFA/KWF, Kapuas Hulu Program, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Benoit Goossens
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, 88100, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Max Houghton
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology, and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Husson
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project, The Center for International Cooperation in the Sustainable Management of Tropical Peatlands (CIMTROP), University of Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Hjalmar S Kühl
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabelle Lackman
- Kinabatangan Orang-utan Conservation Programme, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Andrew J Marshall
- Department of Anthropology, Program in the Environment, and School for Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ari Meididit
- Biology Faculty, Universitas Nasional (UNAS), Jakarta, Indonesia.,World Wide Fund for Nature-Indonesia (WWF-Indonesia), Central Kalimantan Program, Indonesia
| | - Kerrie Mengersen
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Musnanda
- The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nardiyono
- Austindo Nusantara Jaya Tbk, Jakarta 12910, Indonesia
| | - Anton Nurcahyo
- College of Arts and Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kisar Odom
- Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF), Nyaru Menteng, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Adventus Panda
- World Wide Fund for Nature-Indonesia (WWF-Indonesia), Central Kalimantan Program, Indonesia
| | - Didik Prasetyo
- The Indonesian Association of Primatologists (PERHAPPI), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Purnomo
- The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Slamet Raharjo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University (UGM), Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Dessy Ratnasari
- Lembaga Living Landscapes Indonesia (LLI), Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Anne E Russon
- Psychology Department, Glendon College of York University, 2275 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, M4N 3M6, ON, Canada
| | - Adi H Santana
- Biology Faculty, Universitas Nasional (UNAS), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Eddy Santoso
- Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia (YAYORIN), Pangkalan Bun, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Iman Sapari
- Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia (YAYORIN), Pangkalan Bun, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Jamartin Sihite
- Restorasi Habitat Orangutan Indonesia (RHOI), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ahmat Suyoko
- Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF), Nyaru Menteng, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Albertus Tjiu
- World Wide Fund for Nature-Indonesia (WWF-Indonesia), West Kalimantan Program, Indonesia
| | - Sri Suci Utami-Atmoko
- Biology Faculty, Universitas Nasional (UNAS), Jakarta, Indonesia.,Forum Orangutan Indonesia (FORINA), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Carel P van Schaik
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Voigt
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jessie Wells
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Serge A Wich
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology, and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, Amsterdam, 1098, Netherlands
| | - Erik P Willems
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erik Meijaard
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
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38
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Spehar SN, Rayadin Y. Habitat use of Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus morio) in an Industrial Forestry Plantation in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. INT J PRIMATOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10764-017-9959-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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39
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Estrada A, Garber PA, Rylands AB, Roos C, Fernandez-Duque E, Di Fiore A, Nekaris KAI, Nijman V, Heymann EW, Lambert JE, Rovero F, Barelli C, Setchell JM, Gillespie TR, Mittermeier RA, Arregoitia LV, de Guinea M, Gouveia S, Dobrovolski R, Shanee S, Shanee N, Boyle SA, Fuentes A, MacKinnon KC, Amato KR, Meyer ALS, Wich S, Sussman RW, Pan R, Kone I, Li B. Impending extinction crisis of the world's primates: Why primates matter. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1600946. [PMID: 28116351 PMCID: PMC5242557 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1600946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates, our closest biological relatives, play important roles in the livelihoods, cultures, and religions of many societies and offer unique insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and the threat of emerging diseases. They are an essential component of tropical biodiversity, contributing to forest regeneration and ecosystem health. Current information shows the existence of 504 species in 79 genera distributed in the Neotropics, mainland Africa, Madagascar, and Asia. Alarmingly, ~60% of primate species are now threatened with extinction and ~75% have declining populations. This situation is the result of escalating anthropogenic pressures on primates and their habitats-mainly global and local market demands, leading to extensive habitat loss through the expansion of industrial agriculture, large-scale cattle ranching, logging, oil and gas drilling, mining, dam building, and the construction of new road networks in primate range regions. Other important drivers are increased bushmeat hunting and the illegal trade of primates as pets and primate body parts, along with emerging threats, such as climate change and anthroponotic diseases. Often, these pressures act in synergy, exacerbating primate population declines. Given that primate range regions overlap extensively with a large, and rapidly growing, human population characterized by high levels of poverty, global attention is needed immediately to reverse the looming risk of primate extinctions and to attend to local human needs in sustainable ways. Raising global scientific and public awareness of the plight of the world's primates and the costs of their loss to ecosystem health and human society is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Estrada
- Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paul A. Garber
- Department of Anthropology, Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Anthony B. Rylands
- Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA
| | - Christian Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Anthony Di Fiore
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78705, USA
| | | | - Vincent Nijman
- Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, U.K
| | - Eckhard W. Heymann
- Abteilung Verhaltensökologie und Soziobiologie, Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Leibniz-Institut für Primatenforschung, Kellnerweg 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joanna E. Lambert
- Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1350 Pleasant Street UCB 233, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Francesco Rovero
- Tropical Biodiversity Section, MUSE—Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Claudia Barelli
- Tropical Biodiversity Section, MUSE—Museo delle Scienze, Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3, 38122 Trento, Italy
| | - Joanna M. Setchell
- Department of Anthropology, and Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Thomas R. Gillespie
- Departments of Environmental Sciences and Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 400 Dowman Drive, Math and Science Center, Suite E510, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | - Miguel de Guinea
- Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford OX3 0BP, U.K
| | - Sidney Gouveia
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dobrovolski
- Department of Zoology, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, BA 40170-290, Brazil
| | - Sam Shanee
- Neotropical Primate Conservation, 23 Portland Road, Manchester M32 0PH, U.K
- Asociación Neotropical Primate Conservation Perú, 1187 Avenida Belaunde, La Esperanza, Yambrasbamba, Bongará, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Noga Shanee
- Neotropical Primate Conservation, 23 Portland Road, Manchester M32 0PH, U.K
- Asociación Neotropical Primate Conservation Perú, 1187 Avenida Belaunde, La Esperanza, Yambrasbamba, Bongará, Amazonas, Peru
| | - Sarah A. Boyle
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Agustin Fuentes
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Katherine C. MacKinnon
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Katherine R. Amato
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, 1810 Hinman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Andreas L. S. Meyer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, C.P. 19020, Curitiba, PR 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Serge Wich
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, U.K
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert W. Sussman
- Department of Anthropology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Ruliang Pan
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, University of Western Australia (M309), 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Inza Kone
- Centre Suisse des Recherches Scientifiques, Université de Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Baoguo Li
- Xi’an Branch of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229, Taibai North Road, Xi’an 710069, China
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40
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Dawe KL, Boutin S. Climate change is the primary driver of white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus) range expansion at the northern extent of its range; land use is secondary. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:6435-6451. [PMID: 27777720 PMCID: PMC5058518 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the relative influence of multiple mechanisms driving recent range expansion of non-native species is essential for predicting future changes and for informing adaptation and management plans to protect native species. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been expanding their range into the North American boreal forest over the last half of the 20th century. This has already altered predator-prey dynamics in Alberta, Canada, where the distribution likely reaches the northern extent of its continuous range. Although current white-tailed deer distribution is explained by both climate and human land use, the influence each factor had on the observed range expansion would depend on the spatial and temporal pattern of these changes. Our objective was to quantify the relative importance of land use and climate change as drivers of white-tailed deer range expansion and to predict decadal changes in white-tailed deer distribution in northern Alberta for the first half of the 21st century. An existing species distribution model was used to predict past decadal distributions of white-tailed deer which were validated using independent data. The effects of climate and land use change were isolated by comparing predictions under theoretical "no-change between decades" scenarios, for each factor, to predictions under observed climate and land use change. Climate changes led to more than 88%, by area, of the increases in probability of white-tailed deer presence across all decades. The distribution is predicted to extend 100 km further north across the northeastern Alberta boreal forest as climate continues to change over the first half of the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L. Dawe
- Quest University3200 University BoulevardSquamishBCCanadaV8B 0N8
| | - Stan Boutin
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of AlbertaCW405 Biological Sciences BuildingEdmontonABCanadaT6G 2E9
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41
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Titeux N, Henle K, Mihoub JB, Regos A, Geijzendorffer IR, Cramer W, Verburg PH, Brotons L. Biodiversity scenarios neglect future land-use changes. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:2505-15. [PMID: 26950650 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Efficient management of biodiversity requires a forward-looking approach based on scenarios that explore biodiversity changes under future environmental conditions. A number of ecological models have been proposed over the last decades to develop these biodiversity scenarios. Novel modelling approaches with strong theoretical foundation now offer the possibility to integrate key ecological and evolutionary processes that shape species distribution and community structure. Although biodiversity is affected by multiple threats, most studies addressing the effects of future environmental changes on biodiversity focus on a single threat only. We examined the studies published during the last 25 years that developed scenarios to predict future biodiversity changes based on climate, land-use and land-cover change projections. We found that biodiversity scenarios mostly focus on the future impacts of climate change and largely neglect changes in land use and land cover. The emphasis on climate change impacts has increased over time and has now reached a maximum. Yet, the direct destruction and degradation of habitats through land-use and land-cover changes are among the most significant and immediate threats to biodiversity. We argue that the current state of integration between ecological and land system sciences is leading to biased estimation of actual risks and therefore constrains the implementation of forward-looking policy responses to biodiversity decline. We suggest research directions at the crossroads between ecological and environmental sciences to face the challenge of developing interoperable and plausible projections of future environmental changes and to anticipate the full range of their potential impacts on biodiversity. An intergovernmental platform is needed to stimulate such collaborative research efforts and to emphasize the societal and political relevance of taking up this challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Titeux
- European Bird Census Council (EBCC) and Forest Sciences Centre of Catalonia (CEMFOR-CTFC), InForest Joint Research Unit (CSIC-CTFC-CREAF), Ctra. Sant Llorenç de Morunys km 2, 25280, Solsona, Spain
- Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Earth and Life Institute, Croix du Sud 2, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Klaus Henle
- Department of Conservation Biology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jean-Baptiste Mihoub
- Department of Conservation Biology, UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CESCO, UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-UPMC, Paris, France
| | - Adrián Regos
- European Bird Census Council (EBCC) and Forest Sciences Centre of Catalonia (CEMFOR-CTFC), InForest Joint Research Unit (CSIC-CTFC-CREAF), Ctra. Sant Llorenç de Morunys km 2, 25280, Solsona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
| | - Ilse R Geijzendorffer
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Bâtiment Villemin, Technopôle Arbois-Méditerranée, BP 80, 13545, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, France
| | - Wolfgang Cramer
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Bâtiment Villemin, Technopôle Arbois-Méditerranée, BP 80, 13545, Aix-en-Provence Cedex 04, France
| | - Peter H Verburg
- Department of Earth Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lluís Brotons
- European Bird Census Council (EBCC) and Forest Sciences Centre of Catalonia (CEMFOR-CTFC), InForest Joint Research Unit (CSIC-CTFC-CREAF), Ctra. Sant Llorenç de Morunys km 2, 25280, Solsona, Spain
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallés, Spain
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42
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Struebig MJ, Wilting A, Gaveau DLA, Meijaard E, Smith RJ, Fischer M, Metcalfe K, Kramer-Schadt S. Targeted conservation to safeguard a biodiversity hotspot from climate and land-cover change. Curr Biol 2015; 25:372-378. [PMID: 25619764 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Responses of biodiversity to changes in both land cover and climate are recognized [1] but still poorly understood [2]. This poses significant challenges for spatial planning as species could shift, contract, expand, or maintain their range inside or outside protected areas [2-4]. We examine this problem in Borneo, a global biodiversity hotspot [5], using spatial prioritization analyses that maximize species conservation under multiple environmental-change forecasts. Climate projections indicate that 11%-36% of Bornean mammal species will lose ≥ 30% of their habitat by 2080, and suitable ecological conditions will shift upslope for 23%-46%. Deforestation exacerbates this process, increasing the proportion of species facing comparable habitat loss to 30%-49%, a 2-fold increase on historical trends. Accommodating these distributional changes will require conserving land outside existing protected areas, but this may be less than anticipated from models incorporating deforestation alone because some species will colonize high-elevation reserves. Our results demonstrate the increasing importance of upland reserves and that relatively small additions (16,000-28,000 km(2)) to the current conservation estate could provide substantial benefits to biodiversity facing changes to land cover and climate. On Borneo, much of this land is under forestry jurisdiction, warranting targeted conservation partnerships to safeguard biodiversity in an era of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Andreas Wilting
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, Germany.
| | - David L A Gaveau
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor 16000, Indonesia
| | - Erik Meijaard
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor 16000, Indonesia; Borneo Futures, People and Nature Consulting International, Country Woods House 306, Jl. WR Supratman, Pondok Ranji-Rengas, Ciputat, Jakarta 15412, Indonesia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J Smith
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Manuela Fischer
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristian Metcalfe
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK; Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
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