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Bonnin N, Piel AK, Brown RP, Li Y, Connell JA, Avitto AN, Boubli JP, Chitayat A, Giles J, Gundlapally MS, Lipende I, Lonsdorf EV, Mjungu D, Mwacha D, Pintea L, Pusey AE, Raphael J, Wich SA, Wilson ML, Wroblewski EE, Hahn BH, Stewart FA. Barriers to chimpanzee gene flow at the south-east edge of their distribution. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:3842-3858. [PMID: 37277946 PMCID: PMC10421595 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Populations on the edge of a species' distribution may represent an important source of adaptive diversity, yet these populations tend to be more fragmented and are more likely to be geographically isolated. Lack of genetic exchanges between such populations, due to barriers to animal movement, can not only compromise adaptive potential but also lead to the fixation of deleterious alleles. The south-eastern edge of chimpanzee distribution is particularly fragmented, and conflicting hypotheses have been proposed about population connectivity and viability. To address this uncertainty, we generated both mitochondrial and MiSeq-based microsatellite genotypes for 290 individuals ranging across western Tanzania. While shared mitochondrial haplotypes confirmed historical gene flow, our microsatellite analyses revealed two distinct clusters, suggesting two populations currently isolated from one another. However, we found evidence of high levels of gene flow maintained within each of these clusters, one of which covers an 18,000 km2 ecosystem. Landscape genetic analyses confirmed the presence of barriers to gene flow with rivers and bare habitats highly restricting chimpanzee movement. Our study demonstrates how advances in sequencing technologies, combined with the development of landscape genetics approaches, can resolve ambiguities in the genetic history of critical populations and better inform conservation efforts of endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Bonnin
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Alex K. Piel
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard P. Brown
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Yingying Li
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jesse A. Connell
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexa N. Avitto
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jean P. Boubli
- School of Science, Engineering & Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK
| | - Adrienne Chitayat
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecological Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasmin Giles
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Madhurima S. Gundlapally
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Iddi Lipende
- Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI), Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Elizabeth V. Lonsdorf
- Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA 17604, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Deus Mjungu
- Gombe Stream Research Centre, The Jane Goodall Institute–Tanzania, P.O. Box 1182, Kigoma, Tanzania
| | - Dismas Mwacha
- Gombe Stream Research Centre, The Jane Goodall Institute–Tanzania, P.O. Box 1182, Kigoma, Tanzania
| | - Lilian Pintea
- Conservation Science Department, the Jane Goodall Institute, Washington, DC, 20036, USA
| | - Anne E. Pusey
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Serge A. Wich
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecological Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michael L. Wilson
- Department of Anthropology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Institute on the Environment, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | | | - Beatrice H. Hahn
- Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fiona A. Stewart
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, UK
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2
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Hankinson E, Korstjens AH, Hill RA, Wich SA, Slater HD, Abdullah A, Supradi S, Marsh CD, Nijman V. Effects of anthropogenic disturbance on group densities of Thomas' langurs (
Presbytis thomasi
) within a lowland tropical forest, north Sumatra. Ecol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Hankinson
- School of Social Sciences Oxford Brookes University Headington Campus, Oxford UK
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Bournemouth University, Christchurch House Talbot Campus, Poole UK
| | - Amanda H. Korstjens
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Bournemouth University, Christchurch House Talbot Campus, Poole UK
| | - Ross A. Hill
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences Bournemouth University, Christchurch House Talbot Campus, Poole UK
| | - Serge A. Wich
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK
| | - Helen D. Slater
- School of Social Sciences Oxford Brookes University Headington Campus, Oxford UK
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences Newcastle University Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
| | - Abdullah Abdullah
- Fakultas Biologi Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam, Banda Aceh Indonesia
| | - Supradi Supradi
- Fakultas Biologi Universitas Syiah Kuala Darussalam, Banda Aceh Indonesia
| | - Christopher D. Marsh
- School of Social Sciences Oxford Brookes University Headington Campus, Oxford UK
- Department of Biology University of New Mexico Albuquerque New Mexico USA
| | - Vincent Nijman
- School of Social Sciences Oxford Brookes University Headington Campus, Oxford UK
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3
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Westworth SOA, Chalmers C, Fergus P, Longmore SN, Piel AK, Wich SA. Understanding External Influences on Target Detection and Classification Using Camera Trap Images and Machine Learning. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:5386. [PMID: 35891075 PMCID: PMC9319727 DOI: 10.3390/s22145386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Using machine learning (ML) to automate camera trap (CT) image processing is advantageous for time-sensitive applications. However, little is currently known about the factors influencing such processing. Here, we evaluate the influence of occlusion, distance, vegetation type, size class, height, subject orientation towards the CT, species, time-of-day, colour, and analyst performance on wildlife/human detection and classification in CT images from western Tanzania. Additionally, we compared the detection and classification performance of analyst and ML approaches. We obtained wildlife data through pre-existing CT images and human data using voluntary participants for CT experiments. We evaluated the analyst and ML approaches at the detection and classification level. Factors such as distance and occlusion, coupled with increased vegetation density, present the most significant effect on DP and CC. Overall, the results indicate a significantly higher detection probability (DP), 81.1%, and correct classification (CC) of 76.6% for the analyst approach when compared to ML which detected 41.1% and classified 47.5% of wildlife within CT images. However, both methods presented similar probabilities for daylight CT images, 69.4% (ML) and 71.8% (analysts), and dusk CT images, 17.6% (ML) and 16.2% (analysts), when detecting humans. Given that users carefully follow provided recommendations, we expect DP and CC to increase. In turn, the ML approach to CT image processing would be an excellent provision to support time-sensitive threat monitoring for biodiversity conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally O. A. Westworth
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Carl Chalmers
- School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (C.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Paul Fergus
- School of Computer Science and Mathematics, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (C.C.); (P.F.)
| | - Steven N. Longmore
- Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
| | - Alex K. Piel
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, Taviton Street, London WC1H OBW, UK;
| | - Serge A. Wich
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK;
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4
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Voigt M, Kühl HS, Ancrenaz M, Gaveau D, Meijaard E, Santika T, Sherman J, Wich SA, Wolf F, Struebig MJ, Pereira HM, Rosa IM. Deforestation projections imply range-wide population decline for critically endangered Bornean orangutan. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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5
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Lameira AR, Santamaría-Bonfil G, Galeone D, Gamba M, Hardus ME, Knott CD, Morrogh-Bernard H, Nowak MG, Campbell-Smith G, Wich SA. Sociality predicts orangutan vocal phenotype. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:644-652. [PMID: 35314786 PMCID: PMC9085614 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In humans, individuals' social setting determines which and how language is acquired. Social seclusion experiments show that sociality also guides vocal development in songbirds and marmoset monkeys, but absence of similar great ape data has been interpreted as support to saltational notions for language origin, even if such laboratorial protocols are unethical with great apes. Here we characterize the repertoire entropy of orangutan individuals and show that in the wild, different degrees of sociality across populations are associated with different 'vocal personalities' in the form of distinct regimes of alarm call variants. In high-density populations, individuals are vocally more original and acoustically unpredictable but new call variants are short lived, whereas individuals in low-density populations are more conformative and acoustically consistent but also exhibit more complex call repertoires. Findings provide non-invasive evidence that sociality predicts vocal phenotype in a wild great ape. They prove false hypotheses that discredit great apes as having hardwired vocal development programmes and non-plastic vocal behaviour. Social settings mould vocal output in hominids besides humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano R Lameira
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. .,School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
| | - Guillermo Santamaría-Bonfil
- Instituto Nacional de Electricidad y Energías Limpias, Gerencia de Tecnologías de la Información, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Deborah Galeone
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Gamba
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Cheryl D Knott
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen Morrogh-Bernard
- Borneo Nature Foundation, Palangka Raya, Indonesia.,College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Matthew G Nowak
- The PanEco Foundation-Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme, Berg am Irchel, Switzerland.,Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Gail Campbell-Smith
- Yayasan Inisiasi Alam Rehabilitasi Indonesia, International Animal Rescue, Ketapang, Indonesia
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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6
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Mesquita GP, Mulero-Pázmány M, Wich SA, Rodríguez-Teijeiro JD. A practical approach with drones, smartphone and tracking tags for potential real-time tracking animal. Curr Zool 2022; 69:208-214. [PMID: 37091991 PMCID: PMC10120989 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In recent years, drones are increasingly used for fauna monitoring and wildlife tracking; however, the application of drones for tracking wildlife is restricted to those users with the technical capacity to develop such systems. We explore the potential of wildlife tracking with drones by using a system consisting of a multirotor drone, smartphones, and commercial tracking devices via Bluetooth and Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) off-the-shelf that is easy to use by non-specialists. We present the system configuration, explore the operational parameters that can affect detection capabilities, and test the effectiveness of the system in locating targets by simulating target animals in savanna and forest environments. The self-contained tracking system was built without the need for hardware or software customization. From 40 tracking flights carried out in the Cerrado biome, we obtained a detection rate of 90% in savanna and 40% in forest areas. Considering the moving tests (N = 20) the detection rates were 90% in the savanna and 30% in the forest areas. The spatial accuracy obtained by the system was 14.61 m, being significantly more accurate in savanna areas (x̄ = 10.53) than in forest areas (x̄ = 13.06). This approach to wildlife tracking facilitates the use of drones by non-specialists and at an affordable cost for conservation projects with limited resources. The reduced size of the tags, the long battery life and the reduced cost in relation to GPS-tags opens up a range of opportunities for tracking small to large fauna present in this type of vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geison P Mesquita
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute Baguaçu of Biodiversity Research (IBPBio), São Luís, Brazil
| | - Margarita Mulero-Pázmány
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics,University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1012 WX, The Netherlands
| | - José Domingo Rodríguez-Teijeiro
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Santika T, Sherman J, Voigt M, Ancrenaz M, Wich SA, Wilson KA, Possingham H, Massingham E, Seaman DJI, Ashbury AM, Azvi TS, Banes GL, Barrow EJ, Burslem DFRP, Delgado RA, Erman A, Fredriksson G, Goossens B, Houghton M, Indrawan TP, Jaya RL, Kanamori T, Knott CD, Leiman A, Liswanto D, Mach M, Marshall AJ, Martin JGA, Midora L, Miller A, Milne S, Morgans C, Nardiyono N, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Priatna D, Risch R, Riyadi GM, Russon A, Sembiring J, Setiawan E, Sidiq M, Simon D, Spehar S, Struebig MJ, Sumardi I, Tjiu A, Wahyudi R, Yanuar A, Meijaard E. Effectiveness of 20 years of conservation investments in protecting orangutans. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1754-1763.e6. [PMID: 35276097 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Conservation strategies are rarely systematically evaluated, which reduces transparency, hinders the cost-effective deployment of resources, and hides what works best in different contexts. Using data on the iconic and critically endangered orangutan (Pongo spp.), we developed a novel spatiotemporal framework for evaluating conservation investments. We show that around USD 1 billion was invested between 2000 and 2019 into orangutan conservation by governments, nongovernmental organizations, companies, and communities. Broken down by allocation to different conservation strategies, we find that habitat protection, patrolling, and public outreach had the greatest return on investment for maintaining orangutan populations. Given the variability in threats, land-use opportunity costs, and baseline remunerations in different regions, there were differential benefits per dollar invested across conservation activities and regions. We show that although challenging from a data and analysis perspective, it is possible to fully understand the relationships between conservation investments and outcomes and the external factors that influence these outcomes. Such analyses can provide improved guidance toward a more effective biodiversity conservation. Insights into the spatiotemporal interplays between the costs and benefits driving effectiveness can inform decisions about the most suitable orangutan conservation strategies for halting population declines. Although our study focuses on the three extant orangutan species of Sumatra and Borneo, our findings have broad application for evidence-based conservation science and practice worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truly Santika
- Natural Resources Institute (NRI), University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Julie Sherman
- Wildlife Impact, P.O. Box 31062, Portland, OR 97231, USA
| | - Maria Voigt
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- HUTAN-KOCP, P.O. Box 17793, 88874 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Borneo Futures, 8th Floor, PGGMB Building, Jalan Kianggeh, Bandar Seri Begawan BS8111, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Tom Reilly Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Kerrie A Wilson
- Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Hugh Possingham
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Emily Massingham
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Dave J I Seaman
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Alison M Ashbury
- Department of Biology - Fach 618, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Bücklestraße 4, 78464 Konstanz, Germany; Department of Anthropology, Winterthurerstrasse 190, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Taufiq S Azvi
- Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sumatera Utara, Jl. Gaperta Ujung No.2, Tj. Gusta, Kec. Medan Helvetia, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara 20125, Indonesia; Pesona Tropis Alam Indonesia (PETAI), Komplek Tasbi 2, Jl. Ring Road Blk. V No.21, A M P L A S, Kec. Medan Amplas, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara 20122, Indonesia
| | - Graham L Banes
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Southwest Commuter Path, Madison, WI 53715, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Barrow
- Gunung Palung Orangutan Conservation Program, P.O. Box G, 1661 Massachusetts Avenue, Lexington, MA 02420-2020, USA
| | - David F R P Burslem
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Robert A Delgado
- U.S. National Science Foundation, 2415 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | - Andi Erman
- GFA/KWF, Kapuas Hulu Program, Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Gabriella Fredriksson
- Vocabolo Ca' di Bracco, Via Migianella 381, Loc Molino Vitelli, 06019 Umbertide, PG, Italia
| | - Benoit Goossens
- Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma MUIS, Block B 5th Floor, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3 AX, UK; Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, 33 Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3BA, UK
| | - Max Houghton
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology, and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Tito P Indrawan
- Forum Konservasi Orangutan Kalimantan Barat, Lab 515 Building, 3rd Floor Jl. Salihara No. 41A, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta 12520, Indonesia
| | - Ricko L Jaya
- Orangutan Information Centre, Bunga Sedap Malam XVIII C No. 10, Medan Selayang, Medan, North Sumatra 20131, Indonesia
| | - Tomoko Kanamori
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Cheryl D Knott
- Gunung Palung Orangutan Conservation Program, P.O. Box G, 1661 Massachusetts Avenue, Lexington, MA 02420-2020, USA; Department of Anthropology, Boston University, 232 Bay State Road, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Biology, Boston University, 5 Cummington Mall, Room 101, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ashley Leiman
- Orangutan Foundation, 7 Kent Terrace, London NW1 4RP, UK
| | - Darmawan Liswanto
- Yayasan Titian Lestari, Jl. Komp. Alex Griya Permai I, Bangka Belitung Darat, Kec. Pontianak Tenggara, Kota Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 78124, Indonesia; Yayasan SINTAS, Jl. Merdeka Barat No.665, Mariana, Kec. Pontianak Kota, Kota Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 78243, Indonesia
| | - Martin Mach
- Bumitama, Jl. Melawai Raya No.10, RT.3/RW.1, Melawai, Kec. Kby. Baru, Kota Jakarta Selatan, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 12160, Indonesia
| | - Andrew J Marshall
- University of Michigan, Department of Anthropology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Program in the Environment, School for Environment and Sustainability, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Julien G A Martin
- Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Gendron Hall, Room 160, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Lelyana Midora
- Wildlife Impact, P.O. Box 31062, Portland, OR 97231, USA
| | - Adam Miller
- Planet Indonesia, Webster Groves, MO 63119, USA
| | - Sol Milne
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Courtney Morgans
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Nardi Nardiyono
- Austindo Nusantara Jaya, Menara BTPN, 40 Floor, Jl. Dr. Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung, Kav. 5.5-5.6, Kawasan Mega Kuningan, Jakarta 12950, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah
- Department of Biology, Gedung Biologi, Jalan Agatis Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia; Primate Research Center, IPB University, Jl. Lodaya II/5, Bogor 16151, Indonesia
| | - Dolly Priatna
- Graduate School of Environmental Management, Pakuan University, Jl. Pakuan, RT.02/RW.06, Tegallega, Kecamatan Bogor Tengah, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat 16129, Indonesia; Belantara Foundation, Dimo Space, Jl. Timor No.6, RT.9/RW.4, Gondangdia, Kec. Menteng, Kota Jakarta Pusat, Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta 10350, Indonesia
| | - Robert Risch
- Rhino and Forest Fund, Auf dem Stein 2, 77694 Kehl, Germany
| | - Galuh M Riyadi
- Universitas Tanjungpura, Jl. Prof. Dr. H Jl. Profesor Dokter H. Hadari Nawawi, Bansir Laut, Kec. Pontianak Tenggara, Kota Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 78124, Indonesia; Malaysian Environmental Consultants, 82 Jalan Ampang Hilir, 55000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anne Russon
- Glendon College of York University, 2275 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M6, Canada
| | - Juhardi Sembiring
- Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sumatera Utara, Jl. Gaperta Ujung No.2, Tj. Gusta, Kec. Medan Helvetia, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara 20125, Indonesia
| | - Endro Setiawan
- Gunung Palung National Park Office, Padu Banjar, Kec. Simpang Hilir, Kabupaten Ketapang, Kalimantan Barat 78857, Indonesia
| | - Mohammad Sidiq
- Universitas Tanjungpura, Jl. Prof. Dr. H Jl. Profesor Dokter H. Hadari Nawawi, Bansir Laut, Kec. Pontianak Tenggara, Kota Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat 78124, Indonesia
| | - Donna Simon
- WWF-Malaysia, Suite 1-6-W11 6th Floor, CPS Tower, Centre Point Complex No. 1, Lorong Centre Point, Pusat Bandar, 88000 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Stephanie Spehar
- Sustainability Institute for Regional Transformations, 4483 Sage Hall, 835 High Avenue, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
| | - Matthew J Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Ibrahim Sumardi
- Gunung Palung National Park Office, Padu Banjar, Kec. Simpang Hilir, Kabupaten Ketapang, Kalimantan Barat 78857, Indonesia
| | - Albertus Tjiu
- World Wide Fund for Nature-Indonesia (Yayasan WWF Indonesia), WWF Indonesia Gedung Graha Simatupang, Tower 2, Unit C, 7 Floor, Jl. Letjen TB. Simatupang Kav. 38, Jakarta Selatan 12540, Indonesia
| | - Rizki Wahyudi
- Gunung Palung National Park Office, Padu Banjar, Kec. Simpang Hilir, Kabupaten Ketapang, Kalimantan Barat 78857, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Yanuar
- Graduate School, Department of Biology, Universitas Nasional, Jl. Sawo Manila, Pejaten Ps., South Jakarta 12520, Indonesia
| | - Erik Meijaard
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NR, UK; Borneo Futures, 8th Floor, PGGMB Building, Jalan Kianggeh, Bandar Seri Begawan BS8111, Brunei Darussalam; Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 2, 12844 Prague, Czech Republic.
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8
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Sherman J, Unwin S, Travis DA, Oram F, Wich SA, Jaya RL, Voigt M, Santika T, Massingham E, Seaman DJI, Meijaard E, Ancrenaz M. Disease Risk and Conservation Implications of Orangutan Translocations. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:749547. [PMID: 34869722 PMCID: PMC8633116 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.749547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Critically Endangered orangutans are translocated in several situations: reintroduced into historic range where no wild populations exist, released to reinforce existing wild populations, and wild-to-wild translocated to remove individuals from potentially risky situations. Translocated orangutans exposed to human diseases, including Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), pose risks to wild and previously released conspecifics. Wildlife disease risk experts recommended halting great ape translocations during the COVID-19 pandemic to minimize risk of disease transmission to wild populations. We collected data on orangutan releases and associated disease risk management in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic, and developed a problem description for orangutan disease and conservation risks. We identified that at least 15 rehabilitated ex-captive and 27 wild captured orangutans were released during the study period. Identified disease risks included several wild-to-wild translocated orangutans in direct contact or proximity to humans without protective equipment, and formerly captive rehabilitated orangutans that have had long periods of contact and potential exposure to human diseases. While translocation practitioners typically employ mitigation measures to decrease disease transmission likelihood, these measures cannot eliminate all risk, and are not consistently applied. COVID-19 and other diseases of human origin can be transmitted to orangutans, which could have catastrophic impacts on wild orangutans, other susceptible fauna, and humans should disease transmission occur. We recommend stakeholders conduct a Disease Risk Analysis for orangutan translocation, and improve pathogen surveillance and mitigation measures to decrease the likelihood of potential outbreaks. We also suggest refocusing conservation efforts on alternatives to wild-to-wild translocation including mitigating human-orangutan interactions, enforcing laws and protecting orangutan habitats to conserve orangutans in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steve Unwin
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic A Travis
- One Health Division, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Felicity Oram
- Pongo Alliance-Kinabatangan, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Maria Voigt
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Truly Santika
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Massingham
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Dave J I Seaman
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Meijaard
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Darussalam, Brunei
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- Pongo Alliance-Kinabatangan, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.,Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Darussalam, Brunei.,HUTAN, Sandakan, Malaysia
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9
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Chitayat AB, Wich SA, Lewis M, Stewart FA, Piel AK. Correction: Ecological correlates of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) density in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253673. [PMID: 34157023 PMCID: PMC8219152 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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10
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Chitayat AB, Wich SA, Lewis M, Stewart FA, Piel AK. Ecological correlates of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) density in Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246628. [PMID: 33577598 PMCID: PMC7880473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the ecological factors that drive animal density patterns in time and space is key to devising effective conservation strategies. In Tanzania, most chimpanzees (~75%) live outside national parks where human activities threaten their habitat's integrity and connectivity. Mahale Mountains National Park (MMNP), therefore, is a critical area for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in the region due to its location and protective status. Yet, despite its importance and long history of chimpanzee research (>50 years), a park-wide census of the species has never been conducted. The park is categorized as a savanna-woodland mosaic, interspersed with riparian forest, wooded grassland, and bamboo thicket. This heterogeneous landscape offers an excellent opportunity to assess the ecological characteristics associated with chimpanzee density, a topic still disputed, which could improve conservation plans that protect crucial chimpanzee habitat outside the park. We examined the influence of fine-scale vegetative characteristics and topographical features on chimpanzee nest density, modeling nest counts using hierarchical distance sampling. We counted 335 nests in forest and woodland habitats across 102 transects in 13 survey sites. Nests were disproportionately found more in or near evergreen forests, on steep slopes, and in feeding tree species. We calculated chimpanzee density in MMNP to be 0.23 ind/km2, although density varied substantially among sites (0.09-3.43 ind/km2). Density was associated with factors related to the availability of food and nesting trees, with topographic heterogeneity and the total basal area of feeding tree species identified as significant positive predictors. Species-rich habitats and floristic diversity likely play a principal role in shaping chimpanzee density within a predominately open landscape with low food abundance. Our results provide valuable baseline data for future monitoring efforts in MMNP and enhance our understanding of this endangered species' density and distribution across Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne B. Chitayat
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Serge A. Wich
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Lewis
- Loango Gorilla Project (Gabon), Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fiona A. Stewart
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alex K. Piel
- Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Onstein RE, Vink DN, Veen J, Barratt CD, Flantua SGA, Wich SA, Kissling WD. Understanding the relationship between fruit colour and primate vision requires multiple lines of evidence. A reply to Heymann & Fuzessy. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20202981. [PMID: 33468009 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renske E Onstein
- Evolution and Adaptation Group, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daphne N Vink
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorin Veen
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher D Barratt
- Evolution and Adaptation Group, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstraße 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - S G A Flantua
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Serge A Wich
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - W Daniel Kissling
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Meijaard E, Brooks TM, Carlson KM, Slade EM, Garcia-Ulloa J, Gaveau DLA, Lee JSH, Santika T, Juffe-Bignoli D, Struebig MJ, Wich SA, Ancrenaz M, Koh LP, Zamira N, Abrams JF, Prins HHT, Sendashonga CN, Murdiyarso D, Furumo PR, Macfarlane N, Hoffmann R, Persio M, Descals A, Szantoi Z, Sheil D. The environmental impacts of palm oil in context. Nat Plants 2020; 6:1418-1426. [PMID: 33299148 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Delivering the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires balancing demands on land between agriculture (SDG 2) and biodiversity (SDG 15). The production of vegetable oils and, in particular, palm oil, illustrates these competing demands and trade-offs. Palm oil accounts for ~40% of the current global annual demand for vegetable oil as food, animal feed and fuel (210 Mt), but planted oil palm covers less than 5-5.5% of the total global oil crop area (approximately 425 Mha) due to oil palm's relatively high yields. Recent oil palm expansion in forested regions of Borneo, Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, where >90% of global palm oil is produced, has led to substantial concern around oil palm's role in deforestation. Oil palm expansion's direct contribution to regional tropical deforestation varies widely, ranging from an estimated 3% in West Africa to 50% in Malaysian Borneo. Oil palm is also implicated in peatland draining and burning in Southeast Asia. Documented negative environmental impacts from such expansion include biodiversity declines, greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. However, oil palm generally produces more oil per area than other oil crops, is often economically viable in sites unsuitable for most other crops and generates considerable wealth for at least some actors. Global demand for vegetable oils is projected to increase by 46% by 2050. Meeting this demand through additional expansion of oil palm versus other vegetable oil crops will lead to substantial differential effects on biodiversity, food security, climate change, land degradation and livelihoods. Our Review highlights that although substantial gaps remain in our understanding of the relationship between the environmental, socio-cultural and economic impacts of oil palm, and the scope, stringency and effectiveness of initiatives to address these, there has been little research into the impacts and trade-offs of other vegetable oil crops. Greater research attention needs to be given to investigating the impacts of palm oil production compared to alternatives for the trade-offs to be assessed at a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Meijaard
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Thomas M Brooks
- Science and Knowledge Unit, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland
- World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), University of The Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, The Philippines
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kimberly M Carlson
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Environmental Studies, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eleanor M Slade
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Garcia-Ulloa
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Janice Ser Huay Lee
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Truly Santika
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Diego Juffe-Bignoli
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew J Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- Kinabatangan Orang-Utan Conservation Programme, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jesse F Abrams
- Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
- Global Systems Institute and Institute for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Herbert H T Prins
- Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel Murdiyarso
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Paul R Furumo
- Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachel Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcos Persio
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Adrià Descals
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zoltan Szantoi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
- Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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13
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Meijaard E, Brooks TM, Carlson KM, Slade EM, Garcia-Ulloa J, Gaveau DLA, Lee JSH, Santika T, Juffe-Bignoli D, Struebig MJ, Wich SA, Ancrenaz M, Koh LP, Zamira N, Abrams JF, Prins HHT, Sendashonga CN, Murdiyarso D, Furumo PR, Macfarlane N, Hoffmann R, Persio M, Descals A, Szantoi Z, Sheil D. The environmental impacts of palm oil in context. Nat Plants 2020. [PMID: 33299148 DOI: 10.31223/osf.io/e69bz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Delivering the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires balancing demands on land between agriculture (SDG 2) and biodiversity (SDG 15). The production of vegetable oils and, in particular, palm oil, illustrates these competing demands and trade-offs. Palm oil accounts for ~40% of the current global annual demand for vegetable oil as food, animal feed and fuel (210 Mt), but planted oil palm covers less than 5-5.5% of the total global oil crop area (approximately 425 Mha) due to oil palm's relatively high yields. Recent oil palm expansion in forested regions of Borneo, Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, where >90% of global palm oil is produced, has led to substantial concern around oil palm's role in deforestation. Oil palm expansion's direct contribution to regional tropical deforestation varies widely, ranging from an estimated 3% in West Africa to 50% in Malaysian Borneo. Oil palm is also implicated in peatland draining and burning in Southeast Asia. Documented negative environmental impacts from such expansion include biodiversity declines, greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. However, oil palm generally produces more oil per area than other oil crops, is often economically viable in sites unsuitable for most other crops and generates considerable wealth for at least some actors. Global demand for vegetable oils is projected to increase by 46% by 2050. Meeting this demand through additional expansion of oil palm versus other vegetable oil crops will lead to substantial differential effects on biodiversity, food security, climate change, land degradation and livelihoods. Our Review highlights that although substantial gaps remain in our understanding of the relationship between the environmental, socio-cultural and economic impacts of oil palm, and the scope, stringency and effectiveness of initiatives to address these, there has been little research into the impacts and trade-offs of other vegetable oil crops. Greater research attention needs to be given to investigating the impacts of palm oil production compared to alternatives for the trade-offs to be assessed at a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Meijaard
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Thomas M Brooks
- Science and Knowledge Unit, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland
- World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), University of The Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, The Philippines
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kimberly M Carlson
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Environmental Studies, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eleanor M Slade
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Garcia-Ulloa
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Janice Ser Huay Lee
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Truly Santika
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Diego Juffe-Bignoli
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew J Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- Kinabatangan Orang-Utan Conservation Programme, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jesse F Abrams
- Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
- Global Systems Institute and Institute for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Herbert H T Prins
- Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel Murdiyarso
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Paul R Furumo
- Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachel Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcos Persio
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Adrià Descals
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zoltan Szantoi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
- Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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14
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Laurance WF, Wich SA, Onrizal O, Fredriksson G, Usher G, Santika T, Byler D, Mittermeier R, Kormos R, Williamson EA, Meijaard E. Tapanuli orangutan endangered by Sumatran hydropower scheme. Nat Ecol Evol 2020; 4:1438-1439. [PMID: 32690909 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-020-1263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Serge A Wich
- Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,IUCN Species Survival Commission Primate Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland
| | | | - Gabriella Fredriksson
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Graham Usher
- Independent environmental consultant, Drakelow, UK
| | - Truly Santika
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Dirck Byler
- IUCN Species Survival Commission Primate Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Russell Mittermeier
- IUCN Species Survival Commission Primate Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Kormos
- IUCN Species Survival Commission Primate Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland
| | | | - Erik Meijaard
- IUCN Species Survival Commission Primate Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland. .,Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam.
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15
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Mesquita GP, Rodríguez-Teijeiro JD, Wich SA, Mulero-Pázmány M. Measuring disturbance at swift breeding colonies due to the visual aspects of a drone: a quasi-experiment study. Curr Zool 2020; 67:157-163. [PMID: 33854533 PMCID: PMC8026149 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of research indicating that drones can disturb animals. However, it is usually unclear whether the disturbance is due to visual or auditory cues. Here, we examined the effect of drone flights on the behavior of great dusky swifts Cypseloides senex and white-collared swifts Streptoprocne zonaris in 2 breeding sites where drone noise was obscured by environmental noise from waterfalls and any disturbance must be largely visual. We performed 12 experimental flights with a multirotor drone at different vertical, horizontal, and diagonal distances from the colonies. From all flights, 17% caused <1% of birds to temporarily abandon the breeding site, 50% caused half to abandon, and 33% caused more than half to abandon. We found that the diagonal distance explained 98.9% of the variability of the disturbance percentage and while at distances >50 m the disturbance percentage does not exceed 20%, at <40 m the disturbance percentage increase to > 60%. We recommend that flights with a multirotor drone during the breeding period should be conducted at a distance of >50 m and that recreational flights should be discouraged or conducted at larger distances (e.g. 100 m) in nesting birds areas such as waterfalls, canyons, and caves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geison P Mesquita
- Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain.,Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - José D Rodríguez-Teijeiro
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5UG, UK.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 WX, The Netherlands
| | - Margarita Mulero-Pázmány
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5UG, UK
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16
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17
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Roth TS, Rianti P, Fredriksson GM, Wich SA, Nowak MG. Grouping behavior of Sumatran orangutans (Pongo abelii) and Tapanuli orangutans (Pongo tapanuliensis) living in forest with low fruit abundance. Am J Primatol 2020; 82:e23123. [PMID: 32187394 PMCID: PMC7317506 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the African great apes, orangutans (Pongo spp.) are semisolitary: Individuals are often on their own, but form aggregations more often than expected by chance. These temporary aggregations provide social benefits such as mating opportunities. When fruit availability is high, costs of aggregating should be lower, because competition is less pronounced. Therefore, average party size is expected to be higher when fruit availability is high. This hypothesis would also explain why orangutans in highly fruit-productive habitats on Sumatra are more gregarious than in the usually less productive habitats of Borneo. Here, we describe the aggregation behavior of orangutans in less productive Sumatran habitats (Sikundur and Batang Toru), and compare results with those of previously surveyed field sites. Orangutans in Sikundur were more likely to form parties when fruit availability was higher, but the size of daily parties was not significantly affected by fruit availability. With regard to between-site comparisons, average party sizes of females and alone time of parous females in Sikundur and Batang Toru were substantially lower than those for two previously surveyed Sumatran sites, and both fall in the range of values for Bornean sites. Our results indicate that the assessment of orangutans on Sumatra as being more social than those on Borneo needs revision. Instead, between-site differences in sociality seem to reflect differences in average fruit availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom S Roth
- Animal Ecology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Puji Rianti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Gabriella M Fredriksson
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Serge A Wich
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matthew G Nowak
- Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme, The PanEco Foundation, Berg am Irchel, Switzerland.,Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois
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18
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Rafiq K, Jordan NR, Meloro C, Wilson AM, Hayward MW, Wich SA, McNutt JW. Scent-marking strategies of a solitary carnivore: boundary and road scent marking in the leopard. Anim Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Onstein RE, Vink DN, Veen J, Barratt CD, Flantua SGA, Wich SA, Kissling WD. Palm fruit colours are linked to the broad-scale distribution and diversification of primate colour vision systems. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20192731. [PMID: 32097588 PMCID: PMC7062032 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A long-standing hypothesis in ecology and evolution is that trichromatic colour vision (the ability to distinguish red from green) in frugivorous primates has evolved as an adaptation to detect conspicuous (reddish) fruits. This could provide a competitive advantage over dichromatic frugivores which cannot distinguish reddish colours from a background of green foliage. Here, we test whether the origin, distribution and diversity of trichromatic primates is positively associated with the availability of conspicuous palm fruits, i.e. keystone fruit resources for tropical frugivores. We combine global data of colour vision, distribution and phylogenetic data for more than 400 primate species with fruit colour data for more than 1700 palm species, and reveal that species richness of trichromatic primates increases with the proportion of palm species that have conspicuous fruits, especially in subtropical African forests. By contrast, species richness of trichromats in Asia and the Americas is not positively associated with conspicuous palm fruit colours. Macroevolutionary analyses further indicate rapid and synchronous radiations of trichromats and conspicuous palms on the African mainland starting 10 Ma. These results suggest that the distribution and diversification of African trichromatic primates is strongly linked to the relative availability of conspicuous (versus non-conspicuous) palm fruits, and that interactions between primates and palms are related to the coevolutionary dynamics of primate colour vision systems and palm fruit colours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske E Onstein
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne N Vink
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorin Veen
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher D Barratt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Suzette G A Flantua
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, PO Box 7803, 5020, Bergen, Norway
| | - Serge A Wich
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, L33AF, Liverpool, UK
| | - W Daniel Kissling
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94240, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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20
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Harrison ME, Ottay JB, D’Arcy LJ, Cheyne SM, Anggodo, Belcher C, Cole L, Dohong A, Ermiasi Y, Feldpausch T, Gallego‐Sala A, Gunawan A, Höing A, Husson SJ, Kulu IP, Soebagio SM, Mang S, Mercado L, Morrogh‐Bernard HC, Page SE, Priyanto R, Ripoll Capilla B, Rowland L, Santos EM, Schreer V, Sudyana IN, Taman SBB, Thornton SA, Upton C, Wich SA, Veen FJF. Tropical forest and peatland conservation in Indonesia: Challenges and directions. People and Nature 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Harrison
- Borneo Nature Foundation Palangka Raya Indonesia
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment University of Leicester Leicester UK
| | | | - Laura J. D’Arcy
- Borneo Nature Foundation Palangka Raya Indonesia
- Zoological Society of London (ZSL) London UK
| | - Susan M. Cheyne
- Borneo Nature Foundation Palangka Raya Indonesia
- Oxford Brookes University Oxford UK
| | - Anggodo
- Sebangau National Park Office Palangka Raya Indonesia
| | - Claire Belcher
- School of Geography College of Life and Environmental Science University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Lydia Cole
- School of Geography and Sustainable Development University of St Andrews St Andrews UK
| | - Alue Dohong
- Peatland Restoration Agency Jakarta Indonesia
- University of Palangka Raya Palangka Raya Indonesia
| | | | - Ted Feldpausch
- School of Geography College of Life and Environmental Science University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Angela Gallego‐Sala
- School of Geography College of Life and Environmental Science University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Adib Gunawan
- Nature Conservation Agency Central Kalimantan (BSKDA KALTENG)Palangka Raya Indonesia
| | - Andrea Höing
- Borneo Nature Foundation Palangka Raya Indonesia
- Institute of Oriental and Asian Studies Rheinische Friedrich‐Wilhems‐Universität Bonn Bonn Germany
| | | | - Ici P. Kulu
- UPT CIMTROP University of Palangka Raya Palangka Raya Indonesia
| | | | - Shari Mang
- Borneo Nature Foundation Palangka Raya Indonesia
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn UK
| | - Lina Mercado
- School of Geography College of Life and Environmental Science University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Helen C. Morrogh‐Bernard
- Borneo Nature Foundation Palangka Raya Indonesia
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn UK
| | - Susan E. Page
- Borneo Nature Foundation Palangka Raya Indonesia
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment University of Leicester Leicester UK
| | | | | | - Lucy Rowland
- School of Geography College of Life and Environmental Science University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Eduarda M. Santos
- Environmental Biology Research Group College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | | | | | | | - Sara A. Thornton
- Borneo Nature Foundation Palangka Raya Indonesia
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment University of Leicester Leicester UK
| | - Caroline Upton
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment University of Leicester Leicester UK
| | | | - F. J. Frank Veen
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Penryn UK
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21
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Rafiq K, Bryce CM, Rich LN, Coco C, Miller DAW, Meloro C, Wich SA, McNutt JW, Hayward MW. Tourist photographs as a scalable framework for wildlife monitoring in protected areas. Curr Biol 2019; 29:R681-R682. [PMID: 31336082 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protected areas are critical to conservation efforts in the face of rapid biodiversity declines [1]. Yet the resources for conservation are often limited and shared amongst many competing priorities [2]. As a consequence, even basic monitoring surveys are absent within most protected areas [3]. Although a range of wildlife monitoring methods exist, considerable focused survey effort is often required to yield accurate and precise estimates [4]. This makes monitoring difficult to sustain or replicate, limiting access to the data required for evidence-based conservation decisions. Citizen-scientists have been proposed as an important complement to the finite resources available for basic monitoring within protected areas [5]; however, the full potential of this approach has yet to be realised. Wildlife tourists and guides are especially focussed on encountering and photographing fauna and flora, yet the data collected in these efforts is rarely harnessed for conservation monitoring within protected areas. A detailed understanding of photographic tourism's potential role in wildlife monitoring has been lacking, but is essential for the development of new tools to harness the data being collected through tourism. Here, we demonstrate that tourist-contributed data can aid wildlife monitoring in protected areas by providing population estimates of large carnivores comparable to those from traditional survey methods. Our approach could capitalize upon the immense number of wildlife photographs being taken daily as part of the global > 30-billion USD, wildlife-based tourism industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasim Rafiq
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK; Botswana Predator Conservation Trust, Maun, Botswana.
| | - Caleb M Bryce
- Botswana Predator Conservation Trust, Maun, Botswana
| | - Lindsey N Rich
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Carli Coco
- Botswana Predator Conservation Trust, Maun, Botswana
| | - David A W Miller
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Carlo Meloro
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - John W McNutt
- Botswana Predator Conservation Trust, Maun, Botswana
| | - Matthew W Hayward
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia; Centre for African Conservation Ecology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6031, South Africa
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22
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Wich SA, Fredriksson G, Usher G, Kühl HS, Nowak MG. The Tapanuli orangutan: Status, threats, and steps for improved conservation. Conservation Science and Practice 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Serge A. Wich
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of Amsterdam Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Gabriella Fredriksson
- Conservation DivisionThe PanEco Foundation ‐ Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme Berg am Irchel Switzerland
| | - Graham Usher
- Conservation DivisionThe PanEco Foundation ‐ Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme Berg am Irchel Switzerland
| | - Hjalmar S. Kühl
- Department of PrimatologyMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany
- Sustainability and Complexity in Ape Habitat GroupGerman Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Matthew G. Nowak
- Conservation DivisionThe PanEco Foundation ‐ Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme Berg am Irchel Switzerland
- Department of AnthropologySouthern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois
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23
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Strona G, Stringer SD, Vieilledent G, Szantoi Z, Garcia-Ulloa J, A Wich S. Small room for compromise between oil palm cultivation and primate conservation in Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:8811-8816. [PMID: 30104349 PMCID: PMC6126731 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804775115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite growing awareness about its detrimental effects on tropical biodiversity, land conversion to oil palm continues to increase rapidly as a consequence of global demand, profitability, and the income opportunity it offers to producing countries. Although most industrial oil palm plantations are located in Southeast Asia, it is argued that much of their future expansion will occur in Africa. We assessed how this could affect the continent's primates by combining information on oil palm suitability and current land use with primate distribution, diversity, and vulnerability. We also quantified the potential impact of large-scale oil palm cultivation on primates in terms of range loss under different expansion scenarios taking into account future demand, oil palm suitability, human accessibility, carbon stock, and primate vulnerability. We found a high overlap between areas of high oil palm suitability and areas of high conservation priority for primates. Overall, we found only a few small areas where oil palm could be cultivated in Africa with a low impact on primates (3.3 Mha, including all areas suitable for oil palm). These results warn that, consistent with the dramatic effects of palm oil cultivation on biodiversity in Southeast Asia, reconciling a large-scale development of oil palm in Africa with primate conservation will be a great challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Strona
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Ispra 21027, Italy;
| | - Simon D Stringer
- Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5UX, United Kingdom
| | - Ghislain Vieilledent
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Ispra 21027, Italy
- CIRAD, UPR Forêts et Sociétés, Montpellier Cedex 5 34398, France
- Forêts et Sociétés, Université Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier Cedex 5 34398, France
| | - Zoltan Szantoi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources, Ispra 21027, Italy
- Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - John Garcia-Ulloa
- Institute for Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Serge A Wich
- Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5UX, United Kingdom
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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24
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Spehar SN, Sheil D, Harrison T, Louys J, Ancrenaz M, Marshall AJ, Wich SA, Bruford MW, Meijaard E. Orangutans venture out of the rainforest and into the Anthropocene. Sci Adv 2018; 4:e1701422. [PMID: 29963619 PMCID: PMC6021148 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conservation benefits from understanding how adaptability and threat interact to determine a taxon's vulnerability. Recognizing how interactions with humans have shaped taxa such as the critically endangered orangutan (Pongo spp.) offers insights into this relationship. Orangutans are viewed as icons of wild nature, and most efforts to prevent their extinction have focused on protecting minimally disturbed habitat, with limited success. We synthesize fossil, archeological, genetic, and behavioral evidence to demonstrate that at least 70,000 years of human influence have shaped orangutan distribution, abundance, and ecology and will likely continue to do so in the future. Our findings indicate that orangutans are vulnerable to hunting but appear flexible in response to some other human activities. This highlights the need for a multifaceted, landscape-level approach to orangutan conservation that leverages sound policy and cooperation among government, private sector, and community stakeholders to prevent hunting, mitigate human-orangutan conflict, and preserve and reconnect remaining natural forests. Broad cooperation can be encouraged through incentives and strategies that focus on the common interests and concerns of different stakeholders. Orangutans provide an illustrative example of how acknowledging the long and pervasive influence of humans can improve strategies to preserve biodiversity in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N. Spehar
- Anthropology Program, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Terry Harrison
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Julien Louys
- Australian Research Center for Human Evolution, Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1518 Brunei Darussalam
- Kinabatangan Orang-Utan Conservation Programme, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Andrew J. Marshall
- Department of Anthropology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Program in the Environment, and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Serge A. Wich
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098, Netherlands
| | - Michael W. Bruford
- Sustainable Places Research Institute and School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Erik Meijaard
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1518 Brunei Darussalam
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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25
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Voigt M, Wich SA, Ancrenaz M, Meijaard E, Abram N, Banes GL, Campbell-Smith G, d'Arcy LJ, Delgado RA, Erman A, Gaveau D, Goossens B, Heinicke S, Houghton M, Husson SJ, Leiman A, Sanchez KL, Makinuddin N, Marshall AJ, Meididit A, Miettinen J, Mundry R, Musnanda, Nardiyono, Nurcahyo A, Odom K, Panda A, Prasetyo D, Priadjati A, Purnomo, Rafiastanto A, Russon AE, Santika T, Sihite J, Spehar S, Struebig M, Sulbaran-Romero E, Tjiu A, Wells J, Wilson KA, Kühl HS. Global Demand for Natural Resources Eliminated More Than 100,000 Bornean Orangutans. Curr Biol 2018; 28:761-769.e5. [PMID: 29456144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Unsustainable exploitation of natural resources is increasingly affecting the highly biodiverse tropics [1, 2]. Although rapid developments in remote sensing technology have permitted more precise estimates of land-cover change over large spatial scales [3-5], our knowledge about the effects of these changes on wildlife is much more sparse [6, 7]. Here we use field survey data, predictive density distribution modeling, and remote sensing to investigate the impact of resource use and land-use changes on the density distribution of Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Our models indicate that between 1999 and 2015, half of the orangutan population was affected by logging, deforestation, or industrialized plantations. Although land clearance caused the most dramatic rates of decline, it accounted for only a small proportion of the total loss. A much larger number of orangutans were lost in selectively logged and primary forests, where rates of decline were less precipitous, but where far more orangutans are found. This suggests that further drivers, independent of land-use change, contribute to orangutan loss. This finding is consistent with studies reporting hunting as a major cause in orangutan decline [8-10]. Our predictions of orangutan abundance loss across Borneo suggest that the population decreased by more than 100,000 individuals, corroborating recent estimates of decline [11]. Practical solutions to prevent future orangutan decline can only be realized by addressing its complex causes in a holistic manner across political and societal sectors, such as in land-use planning, resource exploitation, infrastructure development, and education, and by increasing long-term sustainability [12]. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Voigt
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Serge A Wich
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology, and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam; HUTAN-Kinabatangan Orangutan Conservation Programme, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Erik Meijaard
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam; ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola Abram
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Living Landscape Alliance, 5 Jupiter House Calleva Park, Berkshire RG7 8NN, UK; Forever Sabah, H30 Gaya Park, Lorong Muntahan 1C, Penampang Road, 88300 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Graham L Banes
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK; CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Laura J d'Arcy
- Borneo Nature Foundation, JL. Bukit Raya No. 82, Bukit Raya, Palangka Raya 73112, Indonesia; Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Roberto A Delgado
- Departments of Anthropology and Biological Sciences, Program in Integrative and Evolutionary Biology (IEB), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andi Erman
- Kapuas Hulu Program, GFA/KWF, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - David Gaveau
- Center for International Forestry Research, P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor 16000, Indonesia
| | - Benoit Goossens
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Stefanie Heinicke
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Max Houghton
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology, and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
| | - Simon J Husson
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project, The Center for International Cooperation in the Sustainable Management of Tropical Peatlands (CIMTROP), University of Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Andrew J Marshall
- Department of Anthropology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Program in the Environment, and School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ari Meididit
- Biology Faculty, Universitas Nasional (UNAS), Jakarta, Indonesia; Central Kalimantan Program, World Wide Fund for Nature-Indonesia (WWF-Indonesia), JL. Krakatau No. 12, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan 73112, Indonesia
| | - Jukka Miettinen
- Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing (CRISP), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 119076, Singapore
| | - Roger Mundry
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Musnanda
- The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nardiyono
- Austindo Nusantara Jaya, Jakarta 12910, Indonesia
| | - Anton Nurcahyo
- College of Arts and Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kisar Odom
- Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF), JL. Papandayan No.10, Bogor 16151 West Java, Indonesia
| | - Adventus Panda
- Central Kalimantan Program, World Wide Fund for Nature-Indonesia (WWF-Indonesia), JL. Krakatau No. 12, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan 73112, Indonesia
| | - Didik Prasetyo
- The Indonesian Association of Primatologists (PERHAPPI), Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Purnomo
- The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Anne E Russon
- Psychology Department, Glendon College of York University, 2275 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M6, Canada
| | - Truly Santika
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam; ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jamartin Sihite
- Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF), JL. Papandayan No.10, Bogor 16151 West Java, Indonesia; Restorasi Habitat Orangutan Indonesia (RHOI), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Stephanie Spehar
- Anthropology Program, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - Matthew Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Enrique Sulbaran-Romero
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Albertus Tjiu
- West Kalimantan Program, World Wide Fund for Nature-Indonesia (WWF-Indonesia), JL. Karna Sosial, Gg. Wonoyoso 2 No. 3, Pontianak 78124 West Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Jessie Wells
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kerrie A Wilson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hjalmar S Kühl
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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26
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Nater A, Mattle-Greminger MP, Nurcahyo A, Nowak MG, de Manuel M, Desai T, Groves C, Pybus M, Sonay TB, Roos C, Lameira AR, Wich SA, Askew J, Davila-Ross M, Fredriksson G, de Valles G, Casals F, Prado-Martinez J, Goossens B, Verschoor EJ, Warren KS, Singleton I, Marques DA, Pamungkas J, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Rianti P, Tuuga A, Gut IG, Gut M, Orozco-terWengel P, van Schaik CP, Bertranpetit J, Anisimova M, Scally A, Marques-Bonet T, Meijaard E, Krützen M. Morphometric, Behavioral, and Genomic Evidence for a New Orangutan Species. Curr Biol 2017; 27:3487-3498.e10. [PMID: 29103940 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Six extant species of non-human great apes are currently recognized: Sumatran and Bornean orangutans, eastern and western gorillas, and chimpanzees and bonobos [1]. However, large gaps remain in our knowledge of fine-scale variation in hominoid morphology, behavior, and genetics, and aspects of great ape taxonomy remain in flux. This is particularly true for orangutans (genus: Pongo), the only Asian great apes and phylogenetically our most distant relatives among extant hominids [1]. Designation of Bornean and Sumatran orangutans, P. pygmaeus (Linnaeus 1760) and P. abelii (Lesson 1827), as distinct species occurred in 2001 [1, 2]. Here, we show that an isolated population from Batang Toru, at the southernmost range limit of extant Sumatran orangutans south of Lake Toba, is distinct from other northern Sumatran and Bornean populations. By comparing cranio-mandibular and dental characters of an orangutan killed in a human-animal conflict to those of 33 adult male orangutans of a similar developmental stage, we found consistent differences between the Batang Toru individual and other extant Ponginae. Our analyses of 37 orangutan genomes provided a second line of evidence. Model-based approaches revealed that the deepest split in the evolutionary history of extant orangutans occurred ∼3.38 mya between the Batang Toru population and those to the north of Lake Toba, whereas both currently recognized species separated much later, about 674 kya. Our combined analyses support a new classification of orangutans into three extant species. The new species, Pongo tapanuliensis, encompasses the Batang Toru population, of which fewer than 800 individuals survive. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nater
- Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Lehrstuhl für Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Maja P Mattle-Greminger
- Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anton Nurcahyo
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Matthew G Nowak
- Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme (PanEco-YEL), Jalan Wahid Hasyim 51/74, Medan 20154, Indonesia; Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University, 1000 Faner Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Marc de Manuel
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Tariq Desai
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Colin Groves
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Marc Pybus
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Tugce Bilgin Sonay
- Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Roos
- Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Adriano R Lameira
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Dawson Building, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; School of Psychology & Neuroscience, St. Andrews University, St. Mary's Quad, South Street, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, Scotland, UK
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098, the Netherlands
| | - James Askew
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Marina Davila-Ross
- Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth, King Henry Building, King Henry 1(st) Street, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK
| | - Gabriella Fredriksson
- Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme (PanEco-YEL), Jalan Wahid Hasyim 51/74, Medan 20154, Indonesia; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098, the Netherlands
| | - Guillem de Valles
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Ferran Casals
- Servei de Genòmica, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | | | - Benoit Goossens
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia; Sustainable Places Research Institute, Cardiff University, 33 Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3BA, UK
| | - Ernst J Verschoor
- Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Lange Kleiweg 161, 2288GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Kristin S Warren
- Conservation Medicine Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Ian Singleton
- Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme (PanEco-YEL), Jalan Wahid Hasyim 51/74, Medan 20154, Indonesia; Foundation for a Sustainable Ecosystem (YEL), Medan, Indonesia
| | - David A Marques
- Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joko Pamungkas
- Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16151, Indonesia; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah
- Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16151, Indonesia; Animal Biosystematics and Ecology Division, Department of Biology, Bogor Agricultural University, Jalan Agatis, Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Puji Rianti
- Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland; Primate Research Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16151, Indonesia; Animal Biosystematics and Ecology Division, Department of Biology, Bogor Agricultural University, Jalan Agatis, Dramaga Campus, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Augustine Tuuga
- Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, 88100 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Ivo G Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Gut
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Plaça de la Mercè 10, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Orozco-terWengel
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Carel P van Schaik
- Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jaume Bertranpetit
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Anisimova
- Institute of Applied Simulations, School of Life Sciences and Facility Management, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31a, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier Sorge-Batiment Genopode, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aylwyn Scally
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (UPF-CSIC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain; CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 4, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona 08010, Spain
| | - Erik Meijaard
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Michael Krützen
- Evolutionary Genetics Group, Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Santika T, Ancrenaz M, Wilson KA, Spehar S, Abram N, Banes GL, Campbell-Smith G, Curran L, d'Arcy L, Delgado RA, Erman A, Goossens B, Hartanto H, Houghton M, Husson SJ, Kühl HS, Lackman I, Leiman A, Llano Sanchez K, Makinuddin N, Marshall AJ, Meididit A, Mengersen K, Musnanda, Nardiyono, Nurcahyo A, Odom K, Panda A, Prasetyo D, Purnomo, Rafiastanto A, Raharjo S, Ratnasari D, Russon AE, Santana AH, Santoso E, Sapari I, Sihite J, Suyoko A, Tjiu A, Utami-Atmoko SS, van Schaik CP, Voigt M, Wells J, Wich SA, Willems EP, Meijaard E. First integrative trend analysis for a great ape species in Borneo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4839. [PMID: 28687788 PMCID: PMC5501861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04435-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
For many threatened species the rate and drivers of population decline are difficult to assess accurately: species' surveys are typically restricted to small geographic areas, are conducted over short time periods, and employ a wide range of survey protocols. We addressed methodological challenges for assessing change in the abundance of an endangered species. We applied novel methods for integrating field and interview survey data for the critically endangered Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), allowing a deeper understanding of the species' persistence through time. Our analysis revealed that Bornean orangutan populations have declined at a rate of 25% over the last 10 years. Survival rates of the species are lowest in areas with intermediate rainfall, where complex interrelations between soil fertility, agricultural productivity, and human settlement patterns influence persistence. These areas also have highest threats from human-wildlife conflict. Survival rates are further positively associated with forest extent, but are lower in areas where surrounding forest has been recently converted to industrial agriculture. Our study highlights the urgency of determining specific management interventions needed in different locations to counter the trend of decline and its associated drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Truly Santika
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam.
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam.,Kinabatangan Orang-utan Conservation Programme, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Kerrie A Wilson
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephanie Spehar
- Anthropology Program, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI, USA
| | - Nicola Abram
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Living Landscape Alliance, 5 Jupiter House Calleva Park, Berkshire, RG7 8NN, United Kingdom
| | - Graham L Banes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom.,CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, People's Republic of China.,Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Lisa Curran
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Laura d'Arcy
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project, The Center for International Cooperation in the Sustainable Management of Tropical Peatlands (CIMTROP), University of Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Roberto A Delgado
- Departments of Anthropology and Biological Sciences, Program in Integrative and Evolutionary Biology (IEB), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Andi Erman
- GFA/KWF, Kapuas Hulu Program, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Benoit Goossens
- Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Danau Girang Field Centre, c/o Sabah Wildlife Department, Wisma Muis, 88100, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Max Houghton
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology, and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Husson
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project, The Center for International Cooperation in the Sustainable Management of Tropical Peatlands (CIMTROP), University of Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Hjalmar S Kühl
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabelle Lackman
- Kinabatangan Orang-utan Conservation Programme, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Andrew J Marshall
- Department of Anthropology, Program in the Environment, and School for Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ari Meididit
- Biology Faculty, Universitas Nasional (UNAS), Jakarta, Indonesia.,World Wide Fund for Nature-Indonesia (WWF-Indonesia), Central Kalimantan Program, Indonesia
| | - Kerrie Mengersen
- Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Musnanda
- The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nardiyono
- Austindo Nusantara Jaya Tbk, Jakarta 12910, Indonesia
| | - Anton Nurcahyo
- College of Arts and Social Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kisar Odom
- Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF), Nyaru Menteng, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Adventus Panda
- World Wide Fund for Nature-Indonesia (WWF-Indonesia), Central Kalimantan Program, Indonesia
| | - Didik Prasetyo
- The Indonesian Association of Primatologists (PERHAPPI), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Purnomo
- The Nature Conservancy (TNC) Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Slamet Raharjo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University (UGM), Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Dessy Ratnasari
- Lembaga Living Landscapes Indonesia (LLI), Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Anne E Russon
- Psychology Department, Glendon College of York University, 2275 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, M4N 3M6, ON, Canada
| | - Adi H Santana
- Biology Faculty, Universitas Nasional (UNAS), Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Eddy Santoso
- Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia (YAYORIN), Pangkalan Bun, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Iman Sapari
- Yayasan Orangutan Indonesia (YAYORIN), Pangkalan Bun, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Jamartin Sihite
- Restorasi Habitat Orangutan Indonesia (RHOI), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ahmat Suyoko
- Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF), Nyaru Menteng, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Albertus Tjiu
- World Wide Fund for Nature-Indonesia (WWF-Indonesia), West Kalimantan Program, Indonesia
| | - Sri Suci Utami-Atmoko
- Biology Faculty, Universitas Nasional (UNAS), Jakarta, Indonesia.,Forum Orangutan Indonesia (FORINA), Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Carel P van Schaik
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Voigt
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jessie Wells
- The University of Queensland, School of Biological Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Serge A Wich
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology, and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, United Kingdom.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, Amsterdam, 1098, Netherlands
| | - Erik P Willems
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erik Meijaard
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
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28
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Wijedasa LS, Jauhiainen J, Könönen M, Lampela M, Vasander H, Leblanc MC, Evers S, Smith TEL, Yule CM, Varkkey H, Lupascu M, Parish F, Singleton I, Clements GR, Aziz SA, Harrison ME, Cheyne S, Anshari GZ, Meijaard E, Goldstein JE, Waldron S, Hergoualc'h K, Dommain R, Frolking S, Evans CD, Posa MRC, Glaser PH, Suryadiputra N, Lubis R, Santika T, Padfield R, Kurnianto S, Hadisiswoyo P, Lim TW, Page SE, Gauci V, Van Der Meer PJ, Buckland H, Garnier F, Samuel MK, Choo LNLK, O'Reilly P, Warren M, Suksuwan S, Sumarga E, Jain A, Laurance WF, Couwenberg J, Joosten H, Vernimmen R, Hooijer A, Malins C, Cochrane MA, Perumal B, Siegert F, Peh KSH, Comeau LP, Verchot L, Harvey CF, Cobb A, Jaafar Z, Wösten H, Manuri S, Müller M, Giesen W, Phelps J, Yong DL, Silvius M, Wedeux BMM, Hoyt A, Osaki M, Hirano T, Takahashi H, Kohyama TS, Haraguchi A, Nugroho NP, Coomes DA, Quoi LP, Dohong A, Gunawan H, Gaveau DLA, Langner A, Lim FKS, Edwards DP, Giam X, Van Der Werf G, Carmenta R, Verwer CC, Gibson L, Gandois L, Graham LLB, Regalino J, Wich SA, Rieley J, Kettridge N, Brown C, Pirard R, Moore S, Capilla BR, Ballhorn U, Ho HC, Hoscilo A, Lohberger S, Evans TA, Yulianti N, Blackham G, Husson S, Murdiyarso D, Pangala S, Cole LES, Tacconi L, Segah H, Tonoto P, Lee JSH, Schmilewski G, Wulffraat S, Putra EI, Cattau ME, Clymo RS, Morrison R, Mujahid A, Miettinen J, Liew SC, Valpola S, Wilson D, D'Arcy L, Gerding M, Sundari S, Thornton SA, Kalisz B, Chapman SJ, Su ASM, Basuki I, Itoh M, Traeholt C, Sloan S, Sayok AK, Andersen R. Denial of long-term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:977-982. [PMID: 27670948 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lahiru S Wijedasa
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
- ConservationLinks, 433 Clementi Avenue 3, #01-258, 120433, Singapore
- Rimba, Malaysia, Jalan 1/9D, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, MY, 43650, Malaysia
| | - Jyrki Jauhiainen
- University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 3 (Fabianinkatu 33), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Könönen
- University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 3 (Fabianinkatu 33), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Lampela
- University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 3 (Fabianinkatu 33), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Vasander
- University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 3 (Fabianinkatu 33), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie-Claire Leblanc
- Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, 2425, Rue de l'agriculture, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Bureau 1122, Ville de Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Stephanie Evers
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darhul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Tropical Catchment Research Initiative (TROCARI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- School of Natural Sciences & Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L33AF, UK
| | - Thomas E L Smith
- School of Geography, King's College London, London, WC2R 2NA, UK
| | - Catherine M Yule
- Tropical Catchment Research Initiative (TROCARI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Helena Varkkey
- Tropical Catchment Research Initiative (TROCARI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of International & Strategic Studies and Asia-Europe Institute, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Massimo Lupascu
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, AS2, #03-01, 1 Arts Link, Kent Ridge, 117570, Singapore
| | - Faizal Parish
- Global Environment Centre, 2nd Floor, Wisma Hing, 78, Jalan SS2/72, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 47300, Malaysia
| | - Ian Singleton
- Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme, Jl. Wahid Hasyim No. 51/74 Medan, 20154, Sumatera Utara - Indonesia
| | - Gopalasamy R Clements
- Rimba, Malaysia, Jalan 1/9D, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, MY, 43650, Malaysia
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darhul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Kenyir Research Institute, Universiti MalaysiaTerengganu, T145, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
- Departement d'Écologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7179/CNRS-MNHN, 1 Avenue du Petit Chateau, 91800, Brunoy, France
| | - Sheema Abdul Aziz
- Rimba, Malaysia, Jalan 1/9D, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, MY, 43650, Malaysia
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darhul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Departement d'Écologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7179/CNRS-MNHN, 1 Avenue du Petit Chateau, 91800, Brunoy, France
| | - Mark E Harrison
- Borneo Nature Foundation, Jalan Bukit Raya No. 82 Bukit Raya Palangka Raya, 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
- University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Susan Cheyne
- Borneo Nature Foundation, Jalan Bukit Raya No. 82 Bukit Raya Palangka Raya, 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Gusti Z Anshari
- Centre for Wetlands, People and Biodiverstiy, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak Tenggara, Barat, 78124, Western Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Erik Meijaard
- Borneo Futures, Country Woods 306, Jalan WR Supratman, Pondok Ranji-Rengas, Ciputat, 15412, Tangerang, Indonesia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Susan Waldron
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, R517B Level 5 GES, East Quadrangle, Main Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Kristell Hergoualc'h
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
| | - Rene Dommain
- Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th St. & Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, D.C., 20560, USA
| | - Steve Frolking
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Christopher D Evans
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre, Deiniol Rd, Bangor, LL57, UK
| | - Mary Rose C Posa
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Paul H Glaser
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, 310 Pillsbury Drive SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455-0231, USA
| | - Nyoman Suryadiputra
- Wetlands International Indonesia Programme, Jl. Bango No. 11, Bogor, 16161, Indonesia
| | - Reza Lubis
- Wetlands International Indonesia Programme, Jl. Bango No. 11, Bogor, 16161, Indonesia
| | - Truly Santika
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rory Padfield
- Tropical Catchment Research Initiative (TROCARI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Sofyan Kurnianto
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Nash Hall, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Panut Hadisiswoyo
- Orangutan Information Centre, Jl. Sembada XVI, Jl. Bunga Sedap Malam XVIII C No. 10 20131. Kecamatan Medan Selayang Medan, Sumatera Utara, 20131, Indonesia
| | - Teck Wyn Lim
- Resource Stewardship Consultants Sdn Bhd, Jalan Othman, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Susan E Page
- University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Vincent Gauci
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Peter J Van Der Meer
- Van Hall Larenstein, University of Applied Sciences, Agora 1, PO Box 1528, 8901 BV, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Helen Buckland
- Sumatran Orangutan Society, London, 7 Stert Street, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 3JF, UK
| | - Fabien Garnier
- Sumatran Orangutan Society, London, 7 Stert Street, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 3JF, UK
| | - Marshall K Samuel
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darhul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Tropical Catchment Research Initiative (TROCARI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Climate Change Programme, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), P.O. Box 59, Roban, 95300, Saratok, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Global Research Alliance (GRA), USDA-FAS, Washington State University, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW Mail Stop 1001, Washington, D.C., 20250, USA
| | - Liza Nuriati Lim Kim Choo
- Climate Change Programme, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), P.O. Box 59, Roban, 95300, Saratok, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Patrick O'Reilly
- Tropical Catchment Research Initiative (TROCARI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Crops for the Future, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- School of Politics, History and International Relations, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Matthew Warren
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 410 MacInnes Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931-1199, USA
| | - Surin Suksuwan
- Proforest, Suite #303, MBE Desa Sri Hartamas No. 30G, Jalan 25/70 A, 50480, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elham Sumarga
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesa 10, Coblong, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Anuj Jain
- ConservationLinks, 433 Clementi Avenue 3, #01-258, 120433, Singapore
- BirdLife International, The David Attenborough Building, 1st Floor, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) & College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia
| | - John Couwenberg
- Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, c/o Michael Succow Stiftung, Ellernholzstr. 1/3, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans Joosten
- Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, c/o Michael Succow Stiftung, Ellernholzstr. 1/3, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - Chris Malins
- Cerulogy, The International Council on Clean Transportation, 11 Belgrave Road, London, SW1V 1RB, UK
| | - Mark A Cochrane
- Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence, South Dakota State University, 1021 Medary Ave, Wecota Hall 115 Box 506B, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Balu Perumal
- Malaysian Nature Society, JKR 641 Jalan Kelantan, Bukit Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, 50480, Malaysia
| | - Florian Siegert
- GeoBio Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333, München, Germany
- RSS Remote Sensing Solutions GmbH, Isarstraße 3, 82065, Baierbrunn, Germany
| | - Kelvin S-H Peh
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Louis-Pierre Comeau
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2nd Floor, Wong Foo Yuan Building, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Louis Verchot
- International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Apartado Aéreo 6713, 763537, Cali, Colombia
| | - Charles F Harvey
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #10-01 CREATE Tower, 138602, Singapore
- Parsons Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 77 Massachusetts Ave 48, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alex Cobb
- Parsons Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 77 Massachusetts Ave 48, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zeehan Jaafar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012 SI Building, Room 153, MRC 010, Washington, D.C., 20013-7012, USA
| | - Henk Wösten
- Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Solichin Manuri
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Moritz Müller
- Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93300, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Wim Giesen
- Euroconsult Mott MacDonald, Amsterdamseweg 15, 6814 CM, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob Phelps
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Ding Li Yong
- Rimba, Malaysia, Jalan 1/9D, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, MY, 43650, Malaysia
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darhul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Southeast Asian Biodiversity Society, Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Science, The National University of Singapore, Block S6, Level 3, Science Drive 2, 117600, Singapore
| | - Marcel Silvius
- Wetlands International, P.O. Box 471, 6700 AL, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Béatrice M M Wedeux
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Alison Hoyt
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #10-01 CREATE Tower, 138602, Singapore
- Parsons Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 77 Massachusetts Ave 48, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mitsuru Osaki
- Hokkaido University, 5 Chome Kita 8 Jonishi, Kita Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Hokkaido University, 5 Chome Kita 8 Jonishi, Kita Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takahashi
- NPO Hokkaido Institute of Hydro-Climate, Frontier 14, N 14 W 3, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0014, Japan
| | - Takashi S Kohyama
- Hokkaido University, 5 Chome Kita 8 Jonishi, Kita Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Akira Haraguchi
- Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka, 804-8550, Japan
| | - Nunung P Nugroho
- Research and Development Institute on Watershed Management Technology, Research, Development and Innovation Agency, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Wanabakti Block I 2nd Floor Jalan Jenderal Gatot Subroto Jakarta Pusat, 10270, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - David A Coomes
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Le Phat Quoi
- Institute for Environment and Natural Resources, National University at HCM City, 6 Quarter, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Alue Dohong
- Peatland Restoration Agency (BRG), UNPAR, Jakarta, LP3LH, Indonesia
| | - Haris Gunawan
- Peatland Restoration Agency (BRG), UNPAR, Jakarta, LP3LH, Indonesia
| | - David L A Gaveau
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
| | - Andreas Langner
- Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources - Bio-Economy Unit, Via E. Fermi, 2749, I-21027, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - Felix K S Lim
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - David P Edwards
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Xingli Giam
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Guido Van Der Werf
- Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085-1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Carmenta
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
| | - Caspar C Verwer
- International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), National Committee of The Netherlands, Plantage Middenlaan 2K, 1018 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luke Gibson
- School of Biological Sciences, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Laure Gandois
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 18, Route de Narbonne Bât. 4R1, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Jhanson Regalino
- Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF), Jalan Papandayan No. 10, Bogor, 16151, Indonesia
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Natural Sciences & Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L33AF, UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jack Rieley
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Notingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nicholas Kettridge
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chloe Brown
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Notingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Romain Pirard
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
| | - Sam Moore
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - B Ripoll Capilla
- Borneo Nature Foundation, Jalan Bukit Raya No. 82 Bukit Raya Palangka Raya, 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Uwe Ballhorn
- RSS Remote Sensing Solutions GmbH, Isarstraße 3, 82065, Baierbrunn, Germany
| | - Hua Chew Ho
- Nature Society (Singapore), 510 Geylang Road, #02-05, The Sunflower, 389466, Singapore
| | - Agata Hoscilo
- Remote Sensing Centre, Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, ul. Modzelewskiego 27, 02-679, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sandra Lohberger
- RSS Remote Sensing Solutions GmbH, Isarstraße 3, 82065, Baierbrunn, Germany
| | - Theodore A Evans
- School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Nina Yulianti
- University of Palangka Raya, Palangkaraya, 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Grace Blackham
- Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, Queen Elizabeth's Walk, London, SW13 9WT, UK
| | - Simon Husson
- Borneo Nature Foundation, Jalan Bukit Raya No. 82 Bukit Raya Palangka Raya, 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Daniel Murdiyarso
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
- Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, Bogor Agricultural University, Jln. Meranti, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Sunita Pangala
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Lydia E S Cole
- Department of Global Change Biology Zoology, Oxford Long-term Ecology Laboratory, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Luca Tacconi
- Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Hendrik Segah
- Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, Queen Elizabeth's Walk, London, SW13 9WT, UK
| | - Prayoto Tonoto
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8529, Japan
| | - Janice S H Lee
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore
| | - Gerald Schmilewski
- International Peatland Society, Nisulankatu 78, 40720, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Stephan Wulffraat
- World Wide Fund for Nature, Simatupang Tower 2 Unit C 7 Floor Jl. Letjen TB. Simatupang Kav. 38, Jakarta Selatan, 12540, Indonesia
| | - Erianto Indra Putra
- ConservationLinks, 433 Clementi Avenue 3, #01-258, 120433, Singapore
- Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, 2425, Rue de l'agriculture, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Bureau 1122, Ville de Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Lingkar Akademik Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Megan E Cattau
- Grand Challenge Earth Lab, University of Colorado, 4001 Discover Drive Suite S348, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - R S Clymo
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ross Morrison
- Land Surface Flux Measurements Group, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Aazani Mujahid
- Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Jukka Miettinen
- Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore, 10 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Blk S17, Level 2, 119076, Singapore
| | - Soo Chin Liew
- Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore, 10 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Blk S17, Level 2, 119076, Singapore
| | - Samu Valpola
- Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 97 (Vaasantie 6), FI 67101, Kokkola, Finland
| | - David Wilson
- Earthy Matters Environmental Consultants, Glenvar, Letterkenny, Co., Donegal, Ireland
| | - Laura D'Arcy
- Borneo Nature Foundation, Jalan Bukit Raya No. 82 Bukit Raya Palangka Raya, 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Michiel Gerding
- International Peatland Society, Nisulankatu 78, 40720, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Siti Sundari
- Research Centre for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), JL. Raya Jakarta - Bogor Km. 46 Cibinong, 16911, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sara A Thornton
- Borneo Nature Foundation, Jalan Bukit Raya No. 82 Bukit Raya Palangka Raya, 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
- University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Barbara Kalisz
- Department of Soil Science and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Environment and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury, Michała Oczapowskiego 2, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Stephen J Chapman
- Ecological Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB158QH, Scotland, UK
| | - Ahmad Suhaizi Mat Su
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Imam Basuki
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Nash Hall, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Centre for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, 46 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Carl Traeholt
- Southeast Asia Program, Research and Conservation Division, Copenhagen Zoo, Roskildevej 32, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sean Sloan
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) & College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia
| | - Alexander K Sayok
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Roxane Andersen
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Highlands and Islands, Castle St., Thurso, KW147JD, UK
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Leendertz SAJ, Wich SA, Ancrenaz M, Bergl RA, Gonder MK, Humle T, Leendertz FH. Ebola in great apes - current knowledge, possibilities for vaccination, and implications for conservation and human health. Mamm Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siv Aina J. Leendertz
- Great Apes Survival Partnership (GRASP); United Nations Environment Programme; P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi Kenya
- Research Group Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms; Robert Koch-Institute; Seestrasse 10 13353 Berlin Germany
| | - Serge A. Wich
- Liverpool John Moore's University; 70 Mount Pleasant; Liverpool L3 5UA Merseyside UK
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- Borneo Futures; Taman Kinanty, Lorong Angsa 12, House 61D 88300 Kota Kinabalu Sabah Malaysia
| | - Richard A. Bergl
- North Carolina Zoo; 4401 Zoo Parkway Asheboro North Carolina USA
| | - Mary K. Gonder
- Department of Biology; Drexel University; 3245 Chestnut Street Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
| | - Tatyana Humle
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology; School of Anthropology and Conservation; University of Kent; Canterbury CT2 7NR UK
| | - Fabian H. Leendertz
- Research Group Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms; Robert Koch-Institute; Seestrasse 10 13353 Berlin Germany
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Nilsson D, Gramotnev G, Baxter G, Butler JRA, Wich SA, McAlpine CA. Community motivations to engage in conservation behavior to conserve the Sumatran orangutan. Conserv Biol 2016; 30:816-826. [PMID: 26511405 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Community-based conservation programs in developing countries are often based on the assumption that heteronomous motivation (e.g., extrinsic incentives such as economic rewards and pressure or coercion to act) will incite local communities to adopt conservation behaviors. However, this may not be as effective or sustainable as autonomous motivations (e.g., an intrinsic desire to act due to inherent enjoyment or self-identification with a behavior and through freedom of choice). We analyzed the comparative effectiveness of heteronomous versus autonomous approaches to community-based conservation programs through a case study of Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) conservation in 3 villages in Indonesia. Each village had a different conservation program design. We surveyed people (n = 240) to determine their motivations for and behavior changes relative to orangutan and orangutan habitat (forest) protection. Heteronomous motivations (e.g., income from tourism) led to greater self-reporting of behavior change toward orangutan protection. However, they did not change self-reported behavior toward forest (i.e., orangutan habitat) protection. The most effective approach to creating self-reported behavior change throughout the community was a combination of autonomous and heteronomous motivations. Individuals who were heteronomously motivated to protect the orangutan were more likely to have changed attitudes than to have changed their self-reported behavior. These findings demonstrate that the current paradigm of motivating communities in developing countries to adopt conservation behaviors primarily through monetary incentives and rewards should consider integrating autonomous motivational techniques that promote the intrinsic values of conservation. Such a combination has a greater potential to achieve sustainable and cost-effective conservation outcomes. Our results highlight the importance of using in-depth sociopsychological analyses to inform the design and implementation of community-based conservation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Nilsson
- Landscape Ecology and Conservation Group, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Galina Gramotnev
- Research and Data Analysis Centre, GPO Box 1272, Aspley, QLD, 4034, Australia
| | - Greg Baxter
- Landscape Ecology and Conservation Group, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - James R A Butler
- CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, GPO Box 2583, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Research Centre for Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom street, L33AF, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Clive A McAlpine
- Landscape Ecology and Conservation Group, School of Geography, Planning and Environmental Management, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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31
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Wich SA, Singleton I, Nowak MG, Utami Atmoko SS, Nisam G, Arif SM, Putra RH, Ardi R, Fredriksson G, Usher G, Gaveau DLA, Kühl HS. Land-cover changes predict steep declines for the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii). Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1500789. [PMID: 26973868 PMCID: PMC4783118 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Positive news about Sumatran orangutans is rare. The species is critically endangered because of forest loss and poaching, and therefore, determining the impact of future land-use change on this species is important. To date, the total Sumatran orangutan population has been estimated at 6600 individuals. On the basis of new transect surveys, we estimate a population of 14,613 in 2015. This higher estimate is due to three factors. First, orangutans were found at higher elevations, elevations previously considered outside of their range and, consequently, not surveyed previously. Second, orangutans were found more widely distributed in logged forests. Third, orangutans were found in areas west of the Toba Lake that were not previously surveyed. This increase in numbers is therefore due to a more wide-ranging survey effort and is not indicative of an increase in the orangutan population in Sumatra. There are evidently more Sumatran orangutans remaining in the wild than we thought, but the species remains under serious threat. Current scenarios for future forest loss predict that as many as 4500 individuals could vanish by 2030. Despite the positive finding that the population is double the size previously estimated, our results indicate that future deforestation will continue to be the cause of rapid declines in orangutan numbers. Hence, we urge that all developmental planning involving forest loss be accompanied by appropriate environmental impact assessments conforming with the current national and provincial legislations, and, through these, implement specific measures to reduce or, better, avoid negative impacts on forests where orangutans occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge A. Wich
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, L33AF Liverpool, UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, Amsterdam 1098, Netherlands
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Ian Singleton
- Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme, Jalan Wahid Hasyim 51/74, Medan 20154, Indonesia
| | - Matthew G. Nowak
- Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme, Jalan Wahid Hasyim 51/74, Medan 20154, Indonesia
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University, 1000 Faner Drive, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Sri Suci Utami Atmoko
- Fakultas Biologi, Universitas Nasional, Jalan Sawo Manila, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta Selatan 12520, Indonesia
| | - Gonda Nisam
- Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme, Jalan Wahid Hasyim 51/74, Medan 20154, Indonesia
| | - Sugesti Mhd. Arif
- Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme, Jalan Wahid Hasyim 51/74, Medan 20154, Indonesia
| | - Rudi H. Putra
- Leuser Conservation Forum, Jalan Geuchik Raja No. 89 A, Banda Aceh 23233, Indonesia
| | - Rio Ardi
- Yayasan Orangutan Sumatera Lestari–Orangutan Information Centre, Jalan Bunga Sedap Malam 18C No. 10, Medan 20131, Indonesia
| | - Gabriella Fredriksson
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Sciencepark 904, Amsterdam 1098, Netherlands
- Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme, Jalan Wahid Hasyim 51/74, Medan 20154, Indonesia
| | - Graham Usher
- Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme, Jalan Wahid Hasyim 51/74, Medan 20154, Indonesia
| | - David L. A. Gaveau
- Center for International Forestry Research, P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor 16000, Indonesia
| | - Hjalmar S. Kühl
- Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Harrison ME, Zweifel N, Husson SJ, Cheyne SM, D'Arcy LJ, Harsanto FA, Morrogh‐Bernard H, Purwanto A, Rahmatd , Santiano , Vogel ER, Wich SA, Noordwijk MA. Disparity in Onset Timing and Frequency of Flowering and Fruiting Events in Two Bornean Peat‐Swamp Forests. Biotropica 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark E. Harrison
- Department of Geography University of Leicester University Road Leicester LE1 7RH U.K
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project Jl. Semeru 91 Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
| | - Nicole Zweifel
- Anthropological Institute and Museum University of Zurich 8057 Zürich Switzerland
- Tuanan Orangutan Research Project Jl. Cendrawasih 7 Palangka Raya 73111 Indonesia
| | - Simon J. Husson
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project Jl. Semeru 91 Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
| | - Susan M. Cheyne
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project Jl. Semeru 91 Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
- Department of Zoology Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU) Recanati‐Kaplan Centre University of Oxford Tubney House Abingdon Road Tubney OX13 5QL U.K
| | - Laura J. D'Arcy
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project Jl. Semeru 91 Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
- Conservation Programmes Zoological Society of London Regent's Park London NW1 4RY U.K
| | - Fransiskus A. Harsanto
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project Jl. Semeru 91 Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
- Centre for the International Cooperation in Sustainable Management of Tropical Peatlands University of Palangka Raya Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
| | - Helen C. Morrogh‐Bernard
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project Jl. Semeru 91 Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
- University of Exeter College of Life and Environmental Science Washington Singer Building Perry Road Exeter EX4 4QG U.K
| | - Ari Purwanto
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project Jl. Semeru 91 Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
- Centre for the International Cooperation in Sustainable Management of Tropical Peatlands University of Palangka Raya Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
| | - Rahmatd
- Tuanan Orangutan Research Project Jl. Cendrawasih 7 Palangka Raya 73111 Indonesia
| | - Santiano
- Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project Jl. Semeru 91 Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
- Centre for the International Cooperation in Sustainable Management of Tropical Peatlands University of Palangka Raya Palangka Raya 73112 Central Kalimantan Indonesia
| | - Erin R. Vogel
- Tuanan Orangutan Research Project Jl. Cendrawasih 7 Palangka Raya 73111 Indonesia
- Department of Anthropology Rutgers The State University of New Jersey New Brunswick NJ U.S.A
| | - Serge A. Wich
- Tuanan Orangutan Research Project Jl. Cendrawasih 7 Palangka Raya 73111 Indonesia
- School of Natural Sciences & Psychology Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool U.K
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Maria A. Noordwijk
- Anthropological Institute and Museum University of Zurich 8057 Zürich Switzerland
- Tuanan Orangutan Research Project Jl. Cendrawasih 7 Palangka Raya 73111 Indonesia
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Struebig MJ, Fischer M, Gaveau DLA, Meijaard E, Wich SA, Gonner C, Sykes R, Wilting A, Kramer-Schadt S. Anticipated climate and land-cover changes reveal refuge areas for Borneo's orang-utans. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:2891-2904. [PMID: 25559092 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Habitat loss and climate change pose a double jeopardy for many threatened taxa, making the identification of optimal habitat for the future a conservation priority. Using a case study of the endangered Bornean orang-utan, we identify environmental refuges by integrating bioclimatic models with projected deforestation and oil-palm agriculture suitability from the 1950s to 2080s. We coupled a maximum entropy algorithm with information on habitat needs to predict suitable habitat for the present day and 1950s. We then projected to the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s in models incorporating only land-cover change, climate change or both processes combined. For future climate, we incorporated projections from four model and emission scenario combinations. For future land cover, we developed spatial deforestation predictions from 10 years of satellite data. Refuges were delineated as suitable forested habitats identified by all models that were also unsuitable for oil palm - a major threat to tropical biodiversity. Our analyses indicate that in 2010 up to 260,000 km(2) of Borneo was suitable habitat within the core orang-utan range; an 18-24% reduction since the 1950s. Land-cover models predicted further decline of 15-30% by the 2080s. Although habitat extent under future climate conditions varied among projections, there was majority consensus, particularly in north-eastern and western regions. Across projections habitat loss due to climate change alone averaged 63% by 2080, but 74% when also considering land-cover change. Refuge areas amounted to 2000-42,000 km(2) depending on thresholds used, with 900-17,000 km(2) outside the current species range. We demonstrate that efforts to halt deforestation could mediate some orang-utan habitat loss, but further decline of the most suitable areas is to be expected given projected changes to climate. Protected refuge areas could therefore become increasingly important for ongoing translocation efforts. We present an approach to help identify such areas for highly threatened species given environmental changes expected this century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Manuela Fischer
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Forestry and Ecosystem Science, University of Melbourne, Creswick, Vic., 3366, Australia
| | - David L A Gaveau
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
| | - Erik Meijaard
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
- Borneo Futures, People and Nature Consulting International, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Serge A Wich
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Catherine Gonner
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Rachel Sykes
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Andreas Wilting
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kramer-Schadt
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
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van Andel AC, Wich SA, Boesch C, Koh LP, Robbins MM, Kelly J, Kuehl HS. Locating chimpanzee nests and identifying fruiting trees with an unmanned aerial vehicle. Am J Primatol 2015; 77:1122-34. [PMID: 26179423 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring of animal populations is essential for conservation management. Various techniques are available to assess spatiotemporal patterns of species distribution and abundance. Nest surveys are often used for monitoring great apes. Quickly developing technologies, including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be used to complement these ground-based surveys, especially for covering large areas rapidly. Aerial surveys have been used successfully to detect the nests of orang-utans. It is unknown if such an approach is practical for African apes, which usually build their nests at lower heights, where they might be obscured by forest canopy. In this 2-month study, UAV-derived aerial imagery was used for two distinct purposes: testing the detectability of chimpanzee nests and identifying fruiting trees used by chimpanzees in Loango National Park (Gabon). Chimpanzee nest data were collected through two approaches: we located nests on the ground and then tried to detect them in UAV photos and vice versa. Ground surveys were conducted using line transects, reconnaissance trails, and opportunistic sampling during which we detected 116 individual nests in 28 nest groups. In complementary UAV images we detected 48% of the individual nests (68% of nest groups) in open coastal forests and 8% of individual nests (33% of nest groups) in closed canopy inland forests. The key factor for nest detectability in UAV imagery was canopy openness. Data on fruiting trees were collected from five line transects. In 122 UAV images 14 species of trees (N = 433) were identified, alongside 37 tree species (N = 205) in complementary ground surveys. Relative abundance of common tree species correlated between ground and UAV surveys. We conclude that UAVs have great potential as a rapid assessment tool for detecting chimpanzee presence in forest with open canopy and assessing fruit tree availability. UAVs may have limited applicability for nest detection in closed canopy forest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Research Centre for Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, Liverpool John Moores University, United Kingdom.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christophe Boesch
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Environment Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Martha M Robbins
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joseph Kelly
- Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Conservation Biology/Workgroup on Endangered Species, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hjalmar S Kuehl
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Primatology, Leipzig, Germany.,German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Abstract
Orangutans produce alarm calls called kiss-squeaks, which they sometimes modify by putting a hand in front of their mouth. Through theoretical models and observational evidence, we show that using the hand when making a kiss-squeak alters the acoustics of the production in such a way that more formants per kilohertz are produced. Our theoretical models suggest that cylindrical wave propagation is created with the use of the hand and face as they act as a cylindrical extension of the lips. The use of cylindrical wave propagation in animal calls appears to be extremely rare, but is an effective way to lengthen the acoustic system; it causes the number of resonances per kilohertz to increase. This increase is associated with larger animals, and thus using the hand in kiss-squeak production may be effective in exaggerating the size of the producer. Using the hand appears to be a culturally learned behavior, and therefore orangutans may be able to associate the acoustic effect of using the hand with potentially more effective deterrence of predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart de Boer
- Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Serge A Wich
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Natural Sciences & Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, UK Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | | | - Adriano R Lameira
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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Vogel ER, Zulfa A, Hardus M, Wich SA, Dominy NJ, Taylor AB. Food mechanical properties, feeding ecology, and the mandibular morphology of wild orangutans. J Hum Evol 2014; 75:110-24. [PMID: 25038032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bornean orangutan mandibular morphology has been functionally linked to the exploitation of hard and tough foods, based on evidence that Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii spends a greater percentage of time feeding on bark, seeds and vegetation compared with Pongo abelii (Sumatran orangutans) and the assumption that these tissues are more challenging to process than fruit pulp. We measured and compared toughness (R) and Young's modulus (E) of ripe and unripe foods exploited by P. abelii and P. p. wurmbii. Additionally, we recorded and compared the percentage of time these orangutans fed on plants/plant parts of varying degrees of R and E. Compared with P. abelii, P. p. wurmbii consumed significantly tougher and more displacement limited (R/E)(0.5) fruit parts, leaves and inner bark, and spent a significantly greater percentage of time feeding on immature leaves, unripe fruit and other vegetation. Modulus did not vary as expected between species, likely because we failed to capture the high-end range of modulus values for tissues consumed by P. p. wurmbii. Notably, P. p. wurmbii spent ∼40% of its feeding time on the toughest foods consumed (between 1000 and 4000 J m(-2)). Thus, the hypothesis that mandibular robusticity in P. p. wurmbii is functionally linked to feeding on tough foods is supported and is likely related to countering relatively larger external forces and/or repetitive loads required to process the toughest tissues. The importance of elastic modulus on morphological divergence awaits future studies capturing the full range of this material property for P. p. wurmbii. Finally, phenophase and fruit availability influence orangutan species differences in food material properties and percentage of time spent feeding on various foods, emphasizing the importance of incorporating these variables in future studies of feeding ecology and craniodental morphology in extant taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Vogel
- Department of Anthropology and Center for Human Evolutionary Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 131 George Street, Ruth Adams Building Suite 306, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1414, USA.
| | - Astri Zulfa
- Universitas Nasional Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Madeleine Hardus
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nathaniel J Dominy
- Department of Anthropology, 6047 Silsby Hall, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Andrea B Taylor
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 104002, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, 104 Biological Sciences Building, Box 90383, Durham, NC 27708-9976, USA
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Wich SA, Garcia-Ulloa J, Kühl HS, Humle T, Lee JSH, Koh LP. Will oil palm's homecoming spell doom for Africa's great apes? Curr Biol 2014; 24:1659-1663. [PMID: 25017207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.05.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Expansion of oil palm plantations has led to extensive wildlife habitat conversion in Southeast Asia [1]. This expansion is driven by a global demand for palm oil for products ranging from foods to detergents [2], and more recently for biofuels [3]. The negative impacts of oil palm development on biodiversity [1, 4, 5], and on orangutans (Pongo spp.) in particular, have been well documented [6, 7] and publicized [8, 9]. Although the oil palm is of African origin, Africa's production historically lags behind that of Southeast Asia. Recently, significant investments have been made that will likely drive the expansion of Africa's oil palm industry [10]. There is concern that this will lead to biodiversity losses similar to those in Southeast Asia. Here, we analyze the potential impact of oil palm development on Africa's great apes. Current great ape distribution in Africa substantially overlaps with current oil palm concessions (by 58.7%) and areas suitable for oil palm production (by 42.3%). More importantly, 39.9% of the distribution of great ape species on unprotected lands overlaps with suitable oil palm areas. There is an urgent need to develop guidelines for the expansion of oil palm in Africa to minimize the negative effects on apes and other wildlife. There is also a need for research to support land use decisions to reconcile economic development, great ape conservation, and avoiding carbon emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge A Wich
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - John Garcia-Ulloa
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, CHN G 73.2, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hjalmar S Kühl
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Primatology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tatanya Humle
- School of Anthropology and Conservation, Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, UK
| | - Janice S H Lee
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, CHN G 73.2, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Environment Institute and School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Lameira AR, Hardus ME, Kowalsky B, de Vries H, Spruijt BM, Sterck EHM, Shumaker RW, Wich SA. Orangutan (Pongo spp.) whistling and implications for the emergence of an open-ended call repertoire: a replication and extension. J Acoust Soc Am 2013; 134:2326-2335. [PMID: 23967963 DOI: 10.1121/1.4817929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the most apparent discontinuities between non-human primate (primate) call communication and human speech concerns repertoire size. The former is essentially fixed to a limited number of innate calls, while the latter essentially consists of numerous learned components. Consequently, primates are thought to lack laryngeal control required to produce learned voiced calls. However, whether they may produce learned voiceless calls awaits investigation. Here, a case of voiceless call learning in primates is investigated--orangutan (Pongo spp.) whistling. In this study, all known whistling orangutans are inventoried, whistling-matching tests (previously conducted with one individual) are replicated with another individual using original test paradigms, and articulatory and acoustic whistle characteristics are compared between three orangutans. Results show that whistling has been reported for ten captive orangutans. The test orangutan correctly matched human whistles with significantly high levels of performance. Whistle variation between individuals indicated voluntary control over the upper lip, lower lip, and respiratory musculature, allowing individuals to produce learned voiceless calls. Results are consistent with inter- and intra-specific social transmission in whistling orangutans. Voiceless call learning in orangutans implies that some important components of human speech learning and control were in place before the homininae-ponginae evolutionary split.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano R Lameira
- Animal Ecology, Utrecht University, Kruijt Gebouw, Second Floor, West Wing, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Lameira AR, Hardus ME, Nouwen KJJM, Topelberg E, Delgado RA, Spruijt BM, Sterck EHM, Knott CD, Wich SA. Population-specific use of the same tool-assisted alarm call between two wild orangutan populations (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) indicates functional arbitrariness [corrected]. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69749. [PMID: 23861981 PMCID: PMC3702587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbitrariness is an elementary feature of human language, yet seldom an object of comparative inquiry. While arbitrary signals for the same function are relatively frequent between animal populations across taxa, the same signal with arbitrary functions is rare and it remains unknown whether, in parallel with human speech, it may involve call production in animals. To investigate this question, we examined a particular orangutan alarm call - the kiss-squeak - and two variants - hand and leaf kiss-squeaks. In Tuanan (Central Kalimantan, Indonesia), the acoustic frequency of unaided kiss-squeaks is negatively related to body size. The modified variants are correlated with perceived threat and are hypothesized to increase the perceived body size of the sender, as the use of a hand or leaves lowers the kiss-squeak's acoustic frequency. We examined the use of these variants in the same context in another orangutan population of the same sub-species and with partially similar habitat at Cabang Panti (West Kalimantan, Indonesia). Identical analyses of data from this site provided similar results for unaided kiss-squeaks but dissimilar results for hand and leaf kiss-squeaks. Unaided kiss-squeaks at Cabang Panti were emitted as commonly and showed the same relationship to body size as in Tuanan. However, at Cabang Panti, hand kiss-squeaks were extremely rare, while leaf-use neither conveyed larger body size nor was related to perceived threat. These findings indicate functional discontinuity between the two sites and therefore imply functional arbitrariness of leaf kiss-squeaks. These results show for the first time the existence of animal signals involving call production with arbitrary function. Our findings are consistent with previous studies arguing that these orangutan call variants are socially learned and reconcile the role of gestures and calls within evolutionary theories based on common ancestry for speech and music.
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Lameira AR, de Vries H, Hardus ME, Hall CPA, Mitra-Setia T, Spruijt BM, Kershenbaum A, Sterck EHM, van Noordwijk M, van Schaik C, Wich SA. Predator guild does not influence orangutan alarm call rates and combinations. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-012-1471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hardus ME, de Vries H, Dellatore DF, Lameira AR, Menken SBJ, Wich SA. Socioecological correlates of inter-individual variation in orangutan diets at Ketambe, Sumatra. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-012-1463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Nater A, Arora N, Greminger MP, van Schaik CP, Singleton I, Wich SA, Fredriksson G, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Pamungkas J, Krützen M. Marked Population Structure and Recent Migration in the Critically Endangered Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii). J Hered 2012; 104:2-13. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/ess065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Gogarten JF, Brown LM, Chapman CA, Cords M, Doran-Sheehy D, Fedigan LM, Grine FE, Perry S, Pusey AE, Sterck EHM, Wich SA, Wright PC. Seasonal mortality patterns in non-human primates: implications for variation in selection pressures across environments. Evolution 2012; 66:3252-66. [PMID: 23025613 PMCID: PMC3955579 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Examining seasonal mortality patterns can yield insights into the drivers of mortality and thus potential selection pressures acting on individuals in different environments. We compiled adult and juvenile mortality data from nine wild non-human primate taxa to investigate the role of seasonality in patterns of mortality and address the following questions: Is mortality highly seasonal across species? Does greater environmental seasonality lead to more seasonal mortality patterns? If mortality is seasonal, is it higher during wet seasons or during periods of food scarcity? and Do folivores show less seasonal mortality than frugivores? We found seasonal mortality patterns in five of nine taxa, and mortality was more often tied to wet seasons than food-scarce periods, a relationship that may be driven by disease. Controlling for phylogeny, we found a positive relationship between the degree of environmental seasonality and mortality, with folivores exhibiting more seasonal mortality than frugivores. These results suggest that mortality patterns are influenced both by diet and degree of environmental seasonality. Applied to a wider array of taxa, analyses of seasonal mortality patterns may aid understanding of life-history evolution and selection pressures acting across a broad spectrum of environments and spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F Gogarten
- Interdepartmental Doctoral Program in Anthropological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.
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Wich SA, Krützen M, Lameira AR, Nater A, Arora N, Bastian ML, Meulman E, Morrogh-Bernard HC, Atmoko SSU, Pamungkas J, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Hardus ME, van Noordwijk M, van Schaik CP. Call cultures in orang-utans? PLoS One 2012; 7:e36180. [PMID: 22586464 PMCID: PMC3346723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies suggested great ape cultures, arguing that human cumulative culture presumably evolved from such a foundation. These focused on conspicuous behaviours, and showed rich geographic variation, which could not be attributed to known ecological or genetic differences. Although geographic variation within call types (accents) has previously been reported for orang-utans and other primate species, we examine geographic variation in the presence/absence of discrete call types (dialects). Because orang-utans have been shown to have geographic variation that is not completely explicable by genetic or ecological factors we hypothesized that this will be similar in the call domain and predict that discrete call type variation between populations will be found. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We examined long-term behavioural data from five orang-utan populations and collected fecal samples for genetic analyses. We show that there is geographic variation in the presence of discrete types of calls. In exactly the same behavioural context (nest building and infant retrieval), individuals in different wild populations customarily emit either qualitatively different calls or calls in some but not in others. By comparing patterns in call-type and genetic similarity, we suggest that the observed variation is not likely to be explained by genetic or ecological differences. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE These results are consistent with the potential presence of 'call cultures' and suggest that wild orang-utans possess the ability to invent arbitrary calls, which spread through social learning. These findings differ substantially from those that have been reported for primates before. First, the results reported here are on dialect and not on accent. Second, this study presents cases of production learning whereas most primate studies on vocal learning were cases of contextual learning. We conclude with speculating on how these findings might assist in bridging the gap between vocal communication in non-human primates and human speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge A Wich
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Wich SA, Vogel ER, Larsen MD, Fredriksson G, Leighton M, Yeager CP, Brearley FQ, van Schaik CP, Marshall AJ. Forest fruit production is higher on Sumatra than on Borneo. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21278. [PMID: 21738627 PMCID: PMC3125178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various studies have shown that the population densities of a number of forest vertebrates, such as orangutans, are higher on Sumatra than Borneo, and that several species exhibit smaller body sizes on Borneo than Sumatra and mainland Southeast Asia. It has been suggested that differences in forest fruit productivity between the islands can explain these patterns. Here we present a large-scale comparison of forest fruit production between the islands to test this hypothesis. Methodology/Principal Findings Data on fruit production were collated from Sumatran and Bornean sites. At six sites we assessed fruit production in three forest types: riverine, peat swamp and dryland forests. We compared fruit production using time-series models during different periods of overall fruit production and in different tree size classes. We examined overall island differences and differences specifically for fruiting period and tree size class. The results of these analyses indicate that overall the Sumatran forests are more productive than those on Borneo. This difference remains when each of the three forest types (dryland, riverine, and peat) are examined separately. The difference also holds over most tree sizes and fruiting periods. Conclusions/Significance Our results provide strong support for the hypothesis that forest fruit productivity is higher on Sumatra than Borneo. This difference is most likely the result of the overall younger and more volcanic soils on Sumatra than Borneo. These results contribute to our understanding of the determinants of faunal density and the evolution of body size on both islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge A Wich
- Anthropological Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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46
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Nater A, Nietlisbach P, Arora N, van Schaik CP, van Noordwijk MA, Willems EP, Singleton I, Wich SA, Goossens B, Warren KS, Verschoor EJ, Perwitasari-Farajallah D, Pamungkas J, Krützen M. Sex-Biased Dispersal and Volcanic Activities Shaped Phylogeographic Patterns of Extant Orangutans (genus: Pongo). Mol Biol Evol 2011; 28:2275-88. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msr042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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47
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Lameira AR, Delgado RA, Wich SA. Review of geographic variation in terrestrial mammalian acoustic signals: Human speech variation in a comparative perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1556/jep.8.2010.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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48
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Spehar SN, Mathewson PD, Wich SA, Marshall AJ, Kühl H, Meijaard E. Estimating Orangutan Densities Using the Standing Crop and Marked Nest Count Methods: Lessons Learned for Conservation. Biotropica 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bastian ML, Zweifel N, Vogel ER, Wich SA, van Schaik CP. Diet traditions in wild orangutans. Am J Phys Anthropol 2010; 143:175-87. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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50
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Spillmann B, Dunkel LP, van Noordwijk MA, Amda RNA, Lameira AR, Wich SA, van Schaik CP. Acoustic Properties of Long Calls Given by Flanged Male Orang-Utans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) Reflect Both Individual Identity and Context. Ethology 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2010.01744.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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