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Aagaard KM, Barkin SL, Burant CF, Carnell S, Demerath E, Donovan SM, Eneli I, Francis LA, Gilbert-Diamond D, Hivert MF, LeBourgeois MK, Loos RJF, Lumeng JC, Miller AL, Okely AD, Osganian SK, Ramirez AG, Trasande L, Van Horn LV, Wake M, Wright RJ, Yanovski SZ. Understanding risk and causal mechanisms for developing obesity in infants and young children: A National Institutes of Health workshop. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13690. [PMID: 38204366 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Obesity in children remains a major public health problem, with the current prevalence in youth ages 2-19 years estimated to be 19.7%. Despite progress in identifying risk factors, current models do not accurately predict development of obesity in early childhood. There is also substantial individual variability in response to a given intervention that is not well understood. On April 29-30, 2021, the National Institutes of Health convened a virtual workshop on "Understanding Risk and Causal Mechanisms for Developing Obesity in Infants and Young Children." The workshop brought together scientists from diverse disciplines to discuss (1) what is known regarding epidemiology and underlying biological and behavioral mechanisms for rapid weight gain and development of obesity and (2) what new approaches can improve risk prediction and gain novel insights into causes of obesity in early life. Participants identified gaps and opportunities for future research to advance understanding of risk and underlying mechanisms for development of obesity in early life. It was emphasized that future studies will require multi-disciplinary efforts across basic, behavioral, and clinical sciences. An exposome framework is needed to elucidate how behavioral, biological, and environmental risk factors interact. Use of novel statistical methods may provide greater insights into causal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shari L Barkin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Charles F Burant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Susan Carnell
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ellen Demerath
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sharon M Donovan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Ihuoma Eneli
- Center for Healthy Weight and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lori A Francis
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Medicine and Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse (CoRAL), Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Monique K LeBourgeois
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julie C Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alison L Miller
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Anthony D Okely
- School of Health and Society, Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- llawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Sport, Food, and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Stavroula K Osganian
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amelie G Ramirez
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Population Health, New York University (NYU) School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Linda V Van Horn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Melissa Wake
- Population Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Kravis Children's Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susan Z Yanovski
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Catassi G, Aloi M, Giorgio V, Gasbarrini A, Cammarota G, Ianiro G. The Role of Diet and Nutritional Interventions for the Infant Gut Microbiome. Nutrients 2024; 16:400. [PMID: 38337684 PMCID: PMC10857663 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The infant gut microbiome plays a key role in the healthy development of the human organism and appears to be influenced by dietary practices through multiple pathways. First, maternal diet during pregnancy and infant nutrition significantly influence the infant gut microbiota. Moreover, breastfeeding fosters the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, while formula feeding increases microbial diversity. The timing of introducing solid foods also influences gut microbiota composition. In preterm infants the gut microbiota development is influenced by multiple factors, including the time since birth and the intake of breast milk, and interventions such as probiotics and prebiotics supplementation show promising results in reducing morbidity and mortality in this population. These findings underscore the need for future research to understand the long-term health impacts of these interventions and for further strategies to enrich the gut microbiome of formula-fed and preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Catassi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.G.); (G.C.)
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Umberto I Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marina Aloi
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Umberto I Hospital, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Valentina Giorgio
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, UOC Pediatria, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.G.); (G.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.G.); (G.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (A.G.); (G.C.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UOC CEMAD Centro Malattie dell’Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Parkin K, Palmer DJ, Verhasselt V, Amenyogbe N, Cooper MN, Christophersen CT, Prescott SL, Silva D, Martino D. Metagenomic Characterisation of the Gut Microbiome and Effect of Complementary Feeding on Bifidobacterium spp. in Australian Infants. Microorganisms 2024; 12:228. [PMID: 38276213 PMCID: PMC10819277 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Complementary feeding induces dramatic ecological shifts in the infant gut microbiota toward more diverse compositions and functional metabolic capacities, with potential implications for immune and metabolic health. The aim of this study was to examine whether the age at which solid foods are introduced differentially affects the microbiota in predominantly breastfed infants compared with predominantly formula-fed infants. We performed whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing of infant stool samples from a cohort of six-month-old Australian infants enrolled in a nested study within the ORIGINS Project longitudinal birth cohort. Infants born preterm or those who had been administered antibiotics since birth were excluded. The taxonomic composition was highly variable among individuals at this age. Predominantly formula-fed infants exhibited a higher microbiome diversity than predominantly breastfed infants. Among the predominantly breastfed infants, the introduction of solid foods prior to five months of age was associated with higher alpha diversity than solid food introduction after six months of age, primarily due to the loss of Bifidobacterium infantis. In contrast, the age at which solid food was introduced was not associated with the overall change in diversity among predominantly formula-fed infants but was associated with compositional changes in Escherichia abundance. Examining the functional capacity of the microbiota in relation to these changes, we found that the introduction of solid foods after six months of age was associated with elevated one-carbon compound metabolic pathways in both breastfed and formula-fed infants, although the specific metabolic sub-pathways differed, likely reflecting different taxonomic compositions. Our findings suggest that the age of commencement of solid foods influences the gut microbiota composition differently in predominantly breastfed infants than in predominantly formula-fed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Parkin
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (K.P.)
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Debra J. Palmer
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (K.P.)
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Valerie Verhasselt
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (K.P.)
- Larsson-Rosenquist Foundation Centre for Immunology and Breastfeeding, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nelly Amenyogbe
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (K.P.)
| | - Matthew N. Cooper
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (K.P.)
| | - Claus T. Christophersen
- School of Molecular Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowen University, Joondalup, Perth, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Susan L. Prescott
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Molecular Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Joondalup Health Campus, Joondalup, Perth, WA 6027, Australia
- Nova Institute for Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- The ORIGINS Project, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Desiree Silva
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Molecular Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowen University, Joondalup, Perth, WA 6027, Australia
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- The ORIGINS Project, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - David Martino
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (K.P.)
- School of Molecular Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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4
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Bohn B, Mueller NT. Gut Check: Sugar, Fiber, and Infant Microbiota. J Nutr 2024; 154:7-9. [PMID: 38008360 PMCID: PMC10925887 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Bohn
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Noel T Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States.
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Padhani ZA, Das JK, Siddiqui FA, Salam RA, Lassi ZS, Khan DSA, Abbasi AMA, Keats EC, Soofi S, Black RE, Bhutta ZA. Optimal timing of introduction of complementary feeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:1501-1524. [PMID: 37016953 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The timing of introducing complementary feeding (CF) is crucial because premature or delayed CF can be associated with adverse health outcomes in childhood and adulthood. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of the timing of CF introduction on health, nutrition, and developmental outcomes among normal-term infants. DATA SOURCES Electronic databases and trial registries were searched, along with the reference lists of the included studies and relevant systematic reviews. DATA EXTRACTION Two investigators independently extracted data from the included studies on a standardized data-extraction form. DATA ANALYSIS Data were meta-analyzed separately for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies on the basis of early introduction of CF (< 3 months, < 4 months, < 6 months of age) or late introduction of CF (> 6 months, > 8 months of age). Evidence was summarized according to GRADE criteria. In total, 268 documents were included in the review, of which 7 were RCTs (from 24 articles) and 217 were observational studies (from 244 articles). Evidence from RCTs did not suggest an impact of early introduction, while low-certainty evidence from observational studies suggested that early introduction of CF (< 6 months) might increase body mass index (BMI) z score and overweight/obesity. Early introduction at < 3 months might increase BMI and odds of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), and early introduction at < 4 months might increase height, LRTI, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). For late introduction of CF, there was a lack of evidence from RCTs, but low-certainty evidence from observational studies suggests that late introduction of CF (> 6 months) might decrease height, BMI, and systolic and diastolic BP and might increase odds of intestinal helminth infection, while late introduction of CF (> 8 months) might increase height-for-age z score. CONCLUSION Insufficient evidence does suggest increased adiposity with early introduction of CF. Hence, the current recommendation of introduction of CF should stand, though more robust studies, especially from low- and middle-income settings, are needed. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration number CRD42020218517.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra A Padhani
- Institute of Global Health and Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jai K Das
- Institute of Global Health and Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faareha A Siddiqui
- Institute of Global Health and Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rehana A Salam
- Centre of Research Excellence, Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zohra S Lassi
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Ammaar M A Abbasi
- Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Emily C Keats
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sajid Soofi
- Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Robert E Black
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zulfiqar A Bhutta
- Institute of Global Health and Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Selvamani S, Kapoor N, Ajmera A, El Enshasy HA, Dailin DJ, Sukmawati D, Abomoelak M, Nurjayadi M, Abomoelak B. Prebiotics in New-Born and Children's Health. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2453. [PMID: 37894112 PMCID: PMC10608801 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, prebiotics, like probiotics, are receiving more attention as a promising tool for health maintenance. Many studies have recognized the role of prebiotics in preventing and treating various illnesses including metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, and allergies. Naturally, prebiotics are introduced to the human body in the first few hours of life as the mother breastfeeds the newborn. Prebiotic human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third largest constituent of human breastmilk. Studies have proven that HMOs modulate an infant's microbial composition and assist in the development of the immune system. Due to some health conditions of the mother or beyond the recommended age for breastfeeding, infants are fed with formula. Few types of prebiotics have been incorporated into formula to yield similar beneficial impacts similar to breastfeeding. Synthetic HMOs have successfully mimicked the bifidogenic effects of breastmilk. However, studies on the effectiveness and safety of consumption of these synthetic HMOs are highly needed before massive commercial production. With the introduction of solid foods after breastfeeding or formula feeding, children are exposed to a range of prebiotics that contribute to further shaping and maturing their gut microbiomes and gastrointestinal function. Therefore, this review evaluates the functional role of prebiotic interventions in improving microbial compositions, allergies, and functional gastrointestinal disorders in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugaprakasham Selvamani
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru 80000, Malaysia; (S.S.); (H.A.E.E.); (D.J.D.)
- Nutrition Technologies SDN. BHD., No 1 & No 3, Jalan SiLC 2, Kawasan Perindustrian SiLC, Iskandar Puteri, Johor Bahru 80150, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru 80000, Malaysia
| | - Nidhi Kapoor
- Center for Digestive Health and Nutrition, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL 32806, USA (A.A.)
| | - Arun Ajmera
- Center for Digestive Health and Nutrition, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL 32806, USA (A.A.)
| | - Hesham Ali El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru 80000, Malaysia; (S.S.); (H.A.E.E.); (D.J.D.)
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru 80000, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria 21500, Egypt
| | - Daniel Joe Dailin
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru 80000, Malaysia; (S.S.); (H.A.E.E.); (D.J.D.)
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Johor Bahru 80000, Malaysia
| | - Dalia Sukmawati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Rawamangun, Jakarta Timur 13530, Indonesia; (D.S.); (M.N.)
| | | | - Muktiningsih Nurjayadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Rawamangun, Jakarta Timur 13530, Indonesia; (D.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Bassam Abomoelak
- Center for Digestive Health and Nutrition, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL 32806, USA (A.A.)
- Specialty Diagnostic Laboratory, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
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Liu T, Jia F, Differding MK, Zhao N, Doyon M, Bouchard L, Perron P, Guérin R, Massé E, Hivert MF, Mueller NT. Pre-pregnancy body mass index and gut microbiota of mothers and children 5 years postpartum. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:807-816. [PMID: 37173396 PMCID: PMC10911130 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) has been linked to altered gut microbiota in women shortly after delivery and in their offspring in the first few years of life. But little is known about how long these differences persist. METHODS We followed 180 mothers and children from pregnancy until 5-year postpartum in the Gen3G cohort (Canada, enrolled 2010-2013). At 5 years postpartum we collected stool samples from mothers and children and estimated the gut microbiota by 16 S rRNA sequencing (V4 region) using Illumina MiSeq, and assigning amplicon sequence variants (ASV). We examined whether overall microbiota composition (as measured by microbiota β diversity) was more similar between mother-child pairs compared to between mothers or between children. We also assessed whether mother-child pair sharing of overall microbiota composition differed by the weight status of mothers before pregnancy and of children at 5-year. Furthermore, in mothers, we examined whether pre-pregnancy BMI, BMI 5-year postpartum, and change in BMI between time points was associated with maternal gut microbiota 5-year postpartum. In children, we further examined associations of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and child 5-year BMI z-score with child 5-year gut microbiota. RESULTS Mother-child pairs had greater similarity in overall microbiome composition compared to between mothers and between children. In mothers, higher pre-pregnancy BMI and 5-year postpartum BMI were associated with lower microbiota observed ASV richness and Chao 1 index; in children's gut microbiota, higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was weakly associated with lower microbiota Shannon index, whereas child's 5-year BMI z-score was associated with higher observed ASV richness. Pre-pregnancy BMI was also linked to differential abundances of several microbial ASVs in the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families, but no specific ASV had overlapping associations with BMI measures in both mothers and children. CONCLUSIONS Pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with gut microbiota diversity and composition of mothers and children 5 years after birth, however, the nature and direction of most associations differed for mothers and children. Future studies are encouraged to confirm our findings and look into potential mechanisms or factors that may drive these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fan Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Moira K Differding
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ni Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Myriam Doyon
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Luigi Bouchard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Medical Biology, CIUSSS-SLSJ, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Patrice Perron
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Renée Guérin
- Department of Medical Biology, CIUSSS-SLSJ, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Massé
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Noel T Mueller
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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8
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Yelverton CA, Killeen SL, Feehily C, Moore RL, Callaghan SL, Geraghty AA, Byrne DF, Walsh CJ, Lawton EM, Murphy EF, Van Sinderen D, Cotter PD, McAuliffe FM. Maternal breastfeeding is associated with offspring microbiome diversity; a secondary analysis of the MicrobeMom randomized control trial. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1154114. [PMID: 37720155 PMCID: PMC10502216 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1154114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Microbial dysbiosis in infancy can influence long-term health outcomes such as childhood obesity. The aim of this study is to explore relationships among maternal well-being during pregnancy, breastfeeding, and the infant gut microbiome. Methods This is a secondary analysis of healthy pregnant women from the MicrobeMom study, a double-blind randomized control trial of maternal probiotic supplementation (Bifidobacterium breve 702258) versus placebo antenatally and up to 3 months postpartum. Maternal well-being was assessed using the WHO-5 well-being index at 16 weeks' and 34 weeks' gestation. Breastfeeding practices were recorded at discharge from hospital and at 1 month postpartum. Infant stool samples were obtained at 1 month of age. Next generation shotgun sequencing determined infant microbial diversity. Independent sample t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests informed adjusted regression analysis, which was adjusted for delivery mode, antibiotics during delivery, maternal age and body mass index (BMI), and probiotic vs. control study group. Results Women (n = 118) with at least one measure of well-being were on average 33 years (SD 3.93) of age and 25.09 kg/m2 (SD 3.28) BMI. Exclusive breastfeeding was initiated by 65% (n = 74). Any breastfeeding was continued by 69% (n = 81) after 1 month. In early and late pregnancy, 87% (n = 97/111) and 94% (n = 107/114) had high well-being scores. Well-being was not associated with infant microbial diversity at 1 month. In adjusted analysis, exclusive breastfeeding at discharge from hospital was associated with infant microbial beta diversity (PC2; 0.254, 95% CI 0.006, 0.038). At 1 month postpartum, any breastfeeding was associated with infant microbial alpha diversity (Shannon index; -0.241, 95% CI -0.498, -0.060) and observed species; (-0.325, 95% CI -0.307, -0.060), and infant microbial beta diversity (PC2; 0.319, 95% CI 0.013, 0.045). Exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month postpartum was associated with infant alpha diversity (Shannon index -0.364, 95% CI -0.573, -0.194; Simpson index 0.339, 95% CI 0.027, 0.091), and infant's number of observed microbial species (-0.271, 95% CI -0.172, -0.037). Conclusion Breastfeeding practices at 1 month postpartum were associated with lower microbial diversity and observed species in infants at 1 month postpartum, which is potentially beneficial to allow greater abundance of Bifidobacterium. Clinical trial registration ISRCTN53023014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara A. Yelverton
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Louise Killeen
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Feehily
- APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rebecca L. Moore
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shauna L. Callaghan
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aisling A. Geraghty
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David F. Byrne
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Calum J. Walsh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Elaine M. Lawton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Douwe Van Sinderen
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- APC Microbiome Ireland, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M. McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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9
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Nantel A, Gingras V. Are Complementary Feeding Practices Aligned with Current Recommendations? A Narrative Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050794. [PMID: 37238342 DOI: 10.3390/children10050794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The complementary feeding introduction period (introduction of solid foods alongside breastmilk or formula) is defining in children's health; however, it appears that many parents do not follow complementary feeding guidelines. Our aim was to describe current parental feeding practices during complementary feeding in relation to current recommendations and explore determinants of adherence to guidelines. We included any relevant studies published within the last decade in French or English and summarized findings by recommendation category. The timing of complementary food introduction varied widely across and within continents (earlier in North America and often delayed in Asia). The introduction of allergenic foods tended to be delayed globally. Although some parents now begin complementary feeding with solid foods (i.e., baby-led weaning), delayed introduction of lumpy textures was still prevalent in the United States and in Europe. The consumption of iron-rich foods was predominantly low in Africa. Added sugars were globally introduced early, especially in America. Evidence for the prevalence of responsive feeding practices among parents is unclear due to the small number of studies. Determinants of complementary feeding practices included parental characteristics, such as age, education, socio-economic status, and race/ethnicity. Interventions aiming to increase adherence to complementary feeding guidelines must account for parental characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Nantel
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Véronique Gingras
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
- Research Center of the Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
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10
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Dharod JM, Hernandez M, Labban JD, Black MM, Ammerman A, Frazier C, Raynor N, Ramos-Castillo I. Associations between early introduction to complementary foods, subsequent cereal-added bottle feeding and daily macronutrient intake among infants. Appetite 2023; 182:106453. [PMID: 36621723 PMCID: PMC9907061 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Introducing complementary foods early during infancy has been associated with an increased risk of overweight later in life, but the pathway is an understudied topic. Hence the study was conducted with low-income and primarily minority mother-infant dyads to: 1) understand how the introduction of complementary foods prior to 4 months was associated with socio-demographic characteristics and food security status; 2) determine the association between early introduction to complementary foods and breastfeeding and adding cereal into the bottle in later infancy (i.e., at 6 and 9 months), and; 3) examine how adding infant cereal into the bottle was related to daily calorie and macronutrient intake in infancy. We conducted interviews with mothers (n = 201) at 4 months of age and 24-h feeding recalls at age 6 and 9 months. Results indicated that 29% of the infants were fed complementary foods before 4 months of age. Introducing complementary foods early was negatively associated with breastfeeding and positively associated with adding cereal into the bottle at 6-months. This practice was more common among those who experienced marginal to very low levels of food security. Comparing by race/ethnicity, Latinx mothers were significantly less likely to introduce solids early. After controlling for sex, infants fed cereal in the bottle were consuming significantly more calories compared to their counterparts. Specifically, adding cereal into the bottle resulted in approximately 10% additional daily calorie intake among infants. Understanding how these feeding practices affect appetite development and weight status during infancy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigna M Dharod
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA.
| | - Marlen Hernandez
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Labban
- Office of Research, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA
| | - Maureen M Black
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA
| | - Alice Ammerman
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA; Center for Health, Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Christina Frazier
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA
| | - Nichole Raynor
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA
| | - Isa Ramos-Castillo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, USA
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11
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Wu S, Ren L, Li J, Shen X, Zhou Q, Miao Z, Jia W, He F, Cheng R. Breastfeeding might partially contribute to gut microbiota construction and stabilization of propionate metabolism in cesarean-section infants. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:615-631. [PMID: 36173468 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was aimed to determine how delivery mode and feeding pattern influence the infant's gut microbiota construction and the variation of fecal microbial metabolites from a birth cohort. METHODS Fecal samples collected from 61 full-term born Chinese infants at four time points: day 0, day 7, month 1, and month 3. Based on delivery mode (vaginal delivery [V] or cesarean section [C]) and feeding pattern (breastfeeding [B] or mixed feeding [M]), infants were divided into four groups, namely VB, CB, VM, and CM groups. The gut microbiota composition and bacterial diversity were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were determined via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS The CM group had a significantly higher relative abundance of Firmicutes (day 0 and month 1), Enterococcaceae (month 3), and Enterococcus (month 3) than the VB group and a significantly higher abundance of Firmicutes (month 1) and Blautia (month 3) than the CB group. The VB and CB groups exhibited a stable SCFA variation and a significantly lower level of propionate compared with the VM and CM groups. All groups showed an intense transition of enterotypes within 1 month and became stable at 3 months. The correlation between SCFA and enterotypes showed a significant positive correlation between Bifidobacteriaceae and acetate in the CB group (day 7 and month 3) and a significant positive correlation between Clostridiaceae and butyrate in the CB and VB groups (day 7 and month 3), respectively. CONCLUSION These results indicated that C-section was associated with higher abundance of the phylum Firmicutes and family Enterococcaceae, and intense fluctuation of SCFA, at least propionate. And breastfeeding might partially contribute to gut microbiota construction and stabilization propionate metabolism in cesarean-section infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simou Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ren
- Hebei Inatural Bio-Tech Co.,Ltd., Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Miao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Jia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ruyue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 16, 3rd Section, South Renmin Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss recent evidence on the influence of complementary feeding (CF) timing, content and feeding methods on childhood obesity risk. RECENT FINDINGS The evidence-base is limited by heterogeneity, risk of bias and the predominance of observational studies. The content of the diet and feeding practices are more influential than timing for obesity risk. There is limited evidence that CF introduction before 4 months may be associated with increased risk. Intake of animal protein, particularly dairy protein, may contribute to rapid weight gain; protein from infant/follow-on formula shows the most robust association with later obesity risk. Evidence linking sugar intake to obesity risk is limited, but intake should be as low as possible given there is no nutritional requirement. Responsive feeding (RF) practices may promote appropriate infant growth and reduce risk. The effect of baby-led weaning (BLW) is inconclusive. SUMMARY Recent evidence supports current recommendations to avoid high protein intakes, especially from infant/follow-on formula, for infants in high income countries; and to promote RF practices for all infants. Studies in low- and middle-income countries are required to define optimal CF practices given increasing rates of child obesity alongside double-burden malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulnipa Kittisakmontri
- Nutrition Research Group, Population, Policy & Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Mary Fewtrell
- Nutrition Research Group, Population, Policy & Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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13
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Roager HM, Stanton C, Hall LJ. Microbial metabolites as modulators of the infant gut microbiome and host-microbial interactions in early life. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2192151. [PMID: 36942883 PMCID: PMC10038037 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2192151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of infant gut microbiome is a pivotal process affecting the ecology and function of the microbiome, as well as host health. While the establishment of the infant microbiome has been of interest for decades, the focus on gut microbial metabolism and the resulting small molecules (metabolites) has been rather limited. However, technological and computational advances are now enabling researchers to profile the plethora of metabolites in the infant gut, allowing for improved understanding of how gut microbial-derived metabolites drive microbiome community structuring and host-microbial interactions. Here, we review the current knowledge on development of the infant gut microbiota and metabolism within the first year of life, and discuss how these microbial metabolites are key for enhancing our basic understanding of interactions during the early life developmental window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik M. Roager
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Lindsay J. Hall
- Gut Microbes & Health, Quadram Institute Biosciences, Norwich, UK
- Intestinal Microbiome, School of Life Sciences, ZIEL – Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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14
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Ong YY, Pang WW, Michael N, Aris IM, Sadananthan SA, Tint MT, Liang Choo JT, Ling LH, Karnani N, Velan SS, Fortier MV, Tan KH, Gluckman PD, Yap F, Chong YS, Godfrey KM, Chan SY, Eriksson JG, Chong MFF, Wlodek ME, Lee YS. Timing of introduction of complementary foods, breastfeeding, and child cardiometabolic risk: a prospective multiethnic Asian cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:83-92. [PMID: 36789947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timing of introduction of complementary foods and the duration of breastfeeding (BF) have been independently associated with child overweight and obesity; however, their combined influence on body fat partitioning and cardiometabolic risk is unclear. OBJECTIVE We investigated the associations of the timing of introduction of complementary foods, the duration of BF, and their interaction with child adiposity and cardiometabolic risk markers. METHODS We analyzed data from 839 children in the prospective Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort. Mothers reported the age at which infants were first fed complementary foods and BF duration, classified as early (≤4 mo) versus typical (>4 mo) complementary feeding (CF) and short (≤4 mo) versus long (>4 mo) duration of any BF, respectively. We measured adiposity and cardiometabolic risk markers at the age of 6 y and examined their associations with infant feeding patterns using multiple regression, adjusting for sociodemographics, parents' body mass index (BMI), maternal factors, birth weight for gestational age, and infant weight gain. RESULTS Of 839 children, 18% experienced early CF, whereas 54% experienced short BF. Short (vs. long) BF and early (vs. typical) CF were independently associated with higher z-scores of BMI [β (95% confidence interval), short BF, 0.18 standard deviation score (SDS) (-0.01, 0.38); early CF, 0.34 SDS (0.11, 0.57)] and sum of skinfolds [short BF, 1.83 mm (0.05, 3.61); early CF, 2.73 mm (0.55, 4.91)]. Children who experienced both early CF and short BF (vs. typical CF-long BF) had synergistically higher diastolic blood pressure [1.41 mmHg (-0.15, 2.97), P-interaction = 0.023] and metabolic syndrome score [0.81 (0.16, 1.47), P-interaction = 0.081]. Early CF-long BF (vs. early CF-short BF) was associated with a lower systolic blood pressure [-3.74 mmHg (-7.01, -0.48)], diastolic blood pressure [-2.29 mmHg (-4.47, -0.11)], and metabolic syndrome score [-0.90 (-1.80, 0.00)]. CONCLUSIONS A combination of early CF and short BF was associated with elevated child adiposity and cardiometabolic markers. Longer BF duration may protect against cardiometabolic risk associated with early CF. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01174875.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ying Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Wei Pang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Navin Michael
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Izzuddin M Aris
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suresh Anand Sadananthan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mya-Thway Tint
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | | | - Lieng Hsi Ling
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - S Sendhil Velan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Marielle V Fortier
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Peter D Gluckman
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fabian Yap
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mary F-F Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mary E Wlodek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yung Seng Lee
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Science, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
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15
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Sakurai K, Yamamoto M, Eguchi A, Takatani R, Watanabe M, Mori C. Association between maternal antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and childhood obesity in the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12956. [PMID: 35751177 PMCID: PMC9787574 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between maternal antibiotic exposure during pregnancy and childhood obesity is still unclear. OBJECTIVES The study aimed to evaluate the association between prenatal exposure to antibiotics and obesity at age 3 years using data from a large Japanese birth cohort. METHODS The Japan Environment and Children's Study is a nationwide birth cohort study. In this study, singleton vaginal full-term births were included. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥95th percentile according to child growth standards. Prenatal antibiotic exposure was defined as antimicrobial agent use during pregnancy and was collected from maternal interviews and medical record transcripts. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of prenatal antibiotic exposure with child obesity at 3 years. RESULTS In the crude and adjusted models with all children, maternal antibiotic exposure during pregnancy showed a marginal relationship with child obesity at 3 years. In the analyses according to exposure period and sex, exposure to antibiotics during the second/third trimester was significantly associated with obesity at the age of 3 years in female infants, but not in male infants, although the exposure during the first trimester was not in both sexes. CONCLUSION Maternal antibiotic exposure during mid/late pregnancy may result in child obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Sakurai
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Preventive Medical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Midori Yamamoto
- Department of Sustainable Health Science, Center for Preventive Medical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Department of Sustainable Health Science, Center for Preventive Medical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Rieko Takatani
- Department of Sustainable Health Science, Center for Preventive Medical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- Department of Sustainable Health Science, Center for Preventive Medical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Chisato Mori
- Department of Sustainable Health Science, Center for Preventive Medical SciencesChiba UniversityChibaJapan,Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
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16
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Vacca M, Porrelli A, Calabrese FM, Lippolis T, Iacobellis I, Celano G, Pinto D, Russo F, Giannelli G, De Angelis M. How Metabolomics Provides Novel Insights on Celiac Disease and Gluten-Free Diet: A Narrative Review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:859467. [PMID: 35814671 PMCID: PMC9260055 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.859467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an inflammatory autoimmune disorder triggered by the ingestion of gluten from wheat and other cereals. Nowadays, its positive diagnosis is based on invasive approaches such as the histological examination of intestinal biopsies and positive serology screening of antibodies. After proven diagnosis, the only admissible treatment for CD individuals is strict life-long adherence to gluten-free diet (GFD), although it is not a conclusive therapy. Acting by different mechanisms and with different etiologies, both CD and GFD have a great impact on gut microbiota that result in a different taxa composition. Altered production of specific metabolites reflects these microbiota changes. In this light, the currently available literature reports some suggestions about the possible use of specific metabolites, detected by meta-omics analyses, as potential biomarkers for a CD non-invasive diagnosis. To highlight insights about metabolomics application in CD study, we conducted a narrative dissertation of selected original articles published in the last decade. By applying a systematic search, it clearly emerged how the metabolomic signature appears to be contradictory, as well as poorly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Porrelli
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesco Maria Calabrese,
| | - Tamara Lippolis
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Institute of Research, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacobellis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Pinto
- Human Microbiome Advanced Project-HMPA, Giuliani SpA, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Russo
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Institute of Research, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology “S. de Bellis,” Institute of Research, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Vacca M, Raspini B, Calabrese FM, Porri D, De Giuseppe R, Chieppa M, Liso M, Cerbo RM, Civardi E, Garofoli F, Cena H, De Angelis M. The establishment of the gut microbiota in 1-year-aged infants: from birth to family food. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2517-2530. [PMID: 35211851 PMCID: PMC9279275 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose With the aim of characterizing the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and contextually determine how different prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors affected its composition in early childhood, infants were enrolled in a longitudinal-prospective study named “A.MA.MI.” (Alimentazione MAmma e bambino nei primi MIlle giorni; NCT04122612, October 2019). Methods Forty-five fecal samples were collected at 12 months of infants’ age, identified as the 3rd follow-up (T3). The evaluated variables were pre-gestational weight and weight gain during pregnancy, delivery mode, feeding, timing of weaning, and presence/absence of older siblings. Fecal alpha and beta-diversities were analyzed. Noteworthy, to determine the impact of the influencing factors, multivariate analyses were conducted. Results At T3, all prenatal and perinatal variables did not result to be significant whereas, among the postnatal variables, type of milk-feeding and weaning showed the greatest contribution in shaping the microbiota. Although aged 1 year, infants exclusively breastfed until 6 months were mainly colonized by Lactobacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. Differently, Bacteroidaceae characterized the microbiota of infants that were never breastfed in an exclusive way. Moreover, although an early introduction of solid foods determined higher values of Faith’s PD, high abundances of Ruminococcaceae and Faecalibacterium mainly associated with infants weaned after the 4th month of age. Conclusion The microbial colonization during the first year of life is likely affected by a simultaneous effect of multiple variables playing a significant role at different times. Therefore, these data contribute to add evidence concerning the complex multifactorial interaction between GI microbiota and various stimuli affecting infants during the early stages of life. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00394-022-02822-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Benedetta Raspini
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Debora Porri
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marcello Chieppa
- Institute of Research, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Marina Liso
- Institute of Research, National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Cerbo
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Civardi
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Garofoli
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. .,Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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18
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de Cuevillas B, Milagro FI, Tur JA, Gil-Campos M, de Miguel-Etayo P, Martínez JA, Navas-Carretero S. Fecal microbiota relationships with childhood obesity: A scoping comprehensive review. Obes Rev 2022; 23 Suppl 1:e13394. [PMID: 34913242 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a costly burden in most regions with relevant and adverse long-term health consequences in adult life. Several studies have associated excessive body weight with a specific profile of gut microbiota. Different factors related to fecal microorganism abundance seem to contribute to childhood obesity, such as gestational weight gain, perinatal diet, antibiotic administration to the mother and/or child, birth delivery, and feeding patterns, among others. This review reports and discusses diverse factors that affect the infant intestinal microbiota with putative or possible implications on the increase of the obesity childhood rates as well as microbiota shifts associated with excessive body weight in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña de Cuevillas
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology. School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology. School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Health Research Institute of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimónides Institute of Biomedicine Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pilar de Miguel-Etayo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology. School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Health Research Institute of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Precision Nutrition Program, Research Institute on Food and Health Sciences IMDEA Food. CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology. School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Health Research Institute of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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19
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Ley D, Beghin L, Morcel J, Flamein F, Garabedian C, Accart B, Drumez E, Labreuche J, Gottrand F, Hermann E. Impact of early life nutrition on gut health in children: a prospective clinical study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050432. [PMID: 34489289 PMCID: PMC8422494 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The first 1000 days of life could contribute to individual susceptibility to the later development of chronic non-communicable diseases. Nutrition in early life appears to be an important determinant factor for a sustainable child's health. In this study, we propose to investigate the impact of exclusive breast feeding on gut health in children. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A prospective cohort of newborns (n=350) will be recruited at birth and followed up to 4 years of age. The main objective is to evaluate the link between exclusive breast feeding for at least 3 months and the gut health of the child at 4 years. The primary endpoint of assessment of gut health will be based on the non-invasive measurement of faecal secretory IgA (sIgA) as a sensitive biomarker of the intestinal ecosystem. The presence of gastrointestinal disorders will be defined according to the clinical criteria of Rome IV. Information on parent's nutritional habits and life style, breastfeeding duration and child's complementary feeding will be collected along the follow-up. Cord blood cells and plasma at birth will be purified for further analysis. The meconium and stools collected at birth, 6 months, 2 years and 4 years of age will allow sIgA analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This clinical study has obtained the approval from the national ethical committee. We plan to publish the results of the study in peer-review journals and by means of national and international conference. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04195425.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Ley
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Beghin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CIC-1403 Inserm-CHU, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jules Morcel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CIC-1403 Inserm-CHU, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Florence Flamein
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CIC-1403 Inserm-CHU, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Charles Garabedian
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, F-59000 Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS: évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Elodie Drumez
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS: évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Department of Biostatistics, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Julien Labreuche
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694-METRICS: évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, Department of Biostatistics, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frederic Gottrand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CIC-1403 Inserm-CHU, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Hermann
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
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Berding K, Vlckova K, Marx W, Schellekens H, Stanton C, Clarke G, Jacka F, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Diet and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:1239-1285. [PMID: 33693453 PMCID: PMC8321864 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the gut microbiota has emerged as a key component in regulating brain processes and behavior. Diet is one of the major factors involved in shaping the gut microbiota composition across the lifespan. However, whether and how diet can affect the brain via its effects on the microbiota is only now beginning to receive attention. Several mechanisms for gut-to-brain communication have been identified, including microbial metabolites, immune, neuronal, and metabolic pathways, some of which could be prone to dietary modulation. Animal studies investigating the potential of nutritional interventions on the microbiota-gut-brain axis have led to advancements in our understanding of the role of diet in this bidirectional communication. In this review, we summarize the current state of the literature triangulating diet, microbiota, and host behavior/brain processes and discuss potential underlying mechanisms. Additionally, determinants of the responsiveness to a dietary intervention and evidence for the microbiota as an underlying modulator of the effect of diet on brain health are outlined. In particular, we emphasize the understudied use of whole-dietary approaches in this endeavor and the need for greater evidence from clinical populations. While promising results are reported, additional data, specifically from clinical cohorts, are required to provide evidence-based recommendations for the development of microbiota-targeted, whole-dietary strategies to improve brain and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wolfgang Marx
- Deakin University, iMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC,Australia
| | - Harriet Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Felice Jacka
- Deakin University, iMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC,Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Black Dog Institute, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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21
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Raspini B, Vacca M, Porri D, De Giuseppe R, Calabrese FM, Chieppa M, Liso M, Cerbo RM, Civardi E, Garofoli F, De Angelis M, Cena H. Early Life Microbiota Colonization at Six Months of Age: A Transitional Time Point. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:590202. [PMID: 33842380 PMCID: PMC8032992 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.590202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early life gut microbiota is involved in several biological processes, particularly metabolism, immunity, and cognitive neurodevelopment. Perturbation in the infant’s gut microbiota increases the risk for diseases in early and later life, highlighting the importance of understanding the connections between perinatal factors with early life microbial composition. The present research paper is aimed at exploring the prenatal and postnatal factors influencing the infant gut microbiota composition at six months of age. Methods Gut microbiota of infants enrolled in the longitudinal, prospective, observational study “A.MA.MI” (Alimentazione MAmma e bambino nei primi MIlle giorni) was analyzed. We collected and analyzed 61 fecal samples at baseline (meconium, T0); at six months of age (T2), we collected and analyzed 53 fecal samples. Samples were grouped based on maternal and gestational weight factors, type of delivery, type of feeding, time of weaning, and presence/absence of older siblings. Alpha and beta diversities were evaluated to describe microbiota composition. Multivariate analyses were performed to understand the impact of the aforementioned factors on the infant’s microbiota composition at six months of age. Results Different clustering hypotheses have been tested to evaluate the impact of known metadata factors on the infant microbiota. Neither maternal body mass index nor gestational weight gain was able to determine significant differences in infant microbiota composition six months of age. Concerning the type of feeding, we observed a low alpha diversity in exclusive breastfed infants; conversely, non-exclusively breastfed infants reported an overgrowth of Ruminococcaceae and Flavonifractor. Furthermore, we did not find any statistically significant difference resulting from an early introduction of solid foods (before 4 months of age). Lastly, our sample showed a higher abundance of clostridial patterns in firstborn babies when compared to infants with older siblings in the family. Conclusion Our findings showed that, at this stage of life, there is not a single factor able to affect in a distinct way the infants’ gut microbiota development. Rather, there seems to be a complex multifactorial interaction between maternal and neonatal factors determining a unique microbial niche in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Raspini
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mirco Vacca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Debora Porri
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rachele De Giuseppe
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Chieppa
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Institute of Research, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Marina Liso
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis", Institute of Research, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Cerbo
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Civardi
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Garofoli
- Neonatal Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Hellas Cena
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Laboratory, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Unit of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, ICS Maugeri IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
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