1
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Lu T, Zhang C, Li Z, Wei Y, Sadewasser A, Yan Y, Sun L, Li J, Wen Y, Lai S, Chen C, Zhong H, Jiménez MR, Klar R, Schell M, Raith S, Michel S, Ke B, Zheng H, Jaschinski F, Zhang N, Xiao H, Bachert C, Wen W. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-specific antisense oligonucleotides reduce infection with SARS-CoV-2 variants. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:S0091-6749(24)00631-6. [PMID: 38909634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Spike protein mutation severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to decreased protective effect of various vaccines and mAbs, suggesting that blocking SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting host factors would make the therapy more resilient against virus mutations. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the host receptor of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, as well as many other coronaviruses. Downregulation of ACE2 expression in the respiratory tract may prevent viral infection. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) can be rationally designed on the basis of sequence data, require no delivery system, and can be administered locally. OBJECTIVE We sought to design ASOs that can block SARS-CoV-2 by downregulating ACE2 in human airway. METHODS ACE2-targeting ASOs were designed using a bioinformatic method and screened in cell lines. Human primary nasal epithelial cells cultured at the air-liquid interface and humanized ACE2 mice were used to detect the ACE2 reduction levels and the safety of ASOs. ASO-pretreated nasal epithelial cells and mice were infected and then used to detect the viral infection levels. RESULTS ASOs reduced ACE2 expression on mRNA and protein level in cell lines and in human nasal epithelial cells. Furthermore, they efficiently suppressed virus replication of 3 different SARS-CoV-2 variants in human nasal epithelial cells. In vivo, ASOs also downregulated human ACE2 in humanized ACE2 mice and thereby reduced viral load, histopathologic changes in lungs, and increased survival of mice. CONCLUSIONS ACE2-targeting ASOs can effectively block SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our study provides a new approach for blocking SARS-CoV-2 and other ACE2-targeting virus in high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengqi Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Yan Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangxi Hospital Division of The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Nanning, China
| | - Yihui Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shimin Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changhui Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Richard Klar
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co. KG, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Monika Schell
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co. KG, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stefanie Raith
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co. KG, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Sven Michel
- Secarna Pharmaceuticals GmbH & Co. KG, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bixia Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanying Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Nan Zhang
- Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Claus Bachert
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany; Upper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Weiping Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Otorhinolaryngology Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Otolaryngology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Jin P, Zhao LS, Zhang TQ, Di H, Guo W. Establishment of a Mouse Model of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Induced Plastic Bronchitis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1132. [PMID: 38930514 PMCID: PMC11205551 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastic bronchitis (PB) constitutes a life-threatening pulmonary disorder, predominantly attributed to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection. The pathogenic mechanisms involved remain largely unexplored, leading to the absence of reliable approaches for early diagnosis and clear treatment. Thus, the present investigation aimed to develop an MP-induced mouse model of PB, thereby enhancing our understanding of this complex condition. In the first stage, healthy BALB/c mice were utilized to investigate the optimal methods for establishing PB. This involved the application of nebulization (15-20 min) and intratracheal administration (6-50 μL) with 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) concentrations ranging from 4.5% to 7.5%. Subsequently, the MP model was induced by administering an MP solution (2 mL/kg/day, 108 CFU/50 μL) via the intranasal route for a duration of five consecutive days. Ultimately, suitable techniques were employed to induce plastic bronchitis in the MP model. Pathological changes in lung tissue were analyzed, and immunohistochemistry was employed to ascertain the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The administration of 4.5% CEES via a 6 µL trachea was the optimal approach to establishing a PB model. This method primarily induced neutrophilic inflammation and fibrinous exudate. The MP-infected group manifested symptoms indicative of respiratory infection, including erect hair, oral and nasal secretions, and a decrease in body weight. Furthermore, the pathological score of the MP+CEES group surpassed that of the groups treated with MP or CEES independently. Notably, the MP+CEES group demonstrated significant activation of the VEGFR-3 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways, implying a substantial involvement of lymphatic vessel impairment in this pathology. This study successfully established a mouse model of PB induced by MP using a two-step method. Lymphatic vessel impairment is a pivotal element in the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying this disease entity. This accomplishment will aid in further research into treatment methods for patients with PB caused by MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin University Children’s Hospital (Tianjin Children’s Hospital), Tianjin 300134, China; (P.J.)
- Clinical School of Pediatrics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lin-Sheng Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin University Children’s Hospital (Tianjin Children’s Hospital), Tianjin 300134, China; (P.J.)
| | - Tong-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin University Children’s Hospital (Tianjin Children’s Hospital), Tianjin 300134, China; (P.J.)
| | - Han Di
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin University Children’s Hospital (Tianjin Children’s Hospital), Tianjin 300134, China; (P.J.)
- Clinical School of Pediatrics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tianjin University Children’s Hospital (Tianjin Children’s Hospital), Tianjin 300134, China; (P.J.)
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3
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Casalino-Matsuda SM, Chen F, Gonzalez-Gonzalez FJ, Matsuda H, Nair A, Abdala-Valencia H, Budinger GS, Dong JT, Beitel GJ, Sporn PH. Myeloid Zfhx3 deficiency protects against hypercapnia-induced suppression of host defense against influenza A virus. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e170316. [PMID: 38227369 PMCID: PMC11143927 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypercapnia, elevation of the partial pressure of CO2 in blood and tissues, is a risk factor for mortality in patients with severe acute and chronic lung diseases. We previously showed that hypercapnia inhibits multiple macrophage and neutrophil antimicrobial functions and that elevated CO2 increases the mortality of bacterial and viral pneumonia in mice. Here, we show that normoxic hypercapnia downregulates innate immune and antiviral gene programs in alveolar macrophages (AMØs). We also show that zinc finger homeobox 3 (Zfhx3) - a mammalian ortholog of zfh2, which mediates hypercapnic immune suppression in Drosophila - is expressed in mouse and human macrophages. Deletion of Zfhx3 in the myeloid lineage blocked the suppressive effect of hypercapnia on immune gene expression in AMØs and decreased viral replication, inflammatory lung injury, and mortality in hypercapnic mice infected with influenza A virus. To our knowledge, our results establish Zfhx3 as the first known mammalian mediator of CO2 effects on immune gene expression and lay the basis for future studies to identify therapeutic targets to interrupt hypercapnic immunosuppression in patients with advanced lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Marina Casalino-Matsuda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Francisco J. Gonzalez-Gonzalez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hiroaki Matsuda
- Department of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Wilbur Wright College, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aisha Nair
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - G.R. Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Research Service, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jin-Tang Dong
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Greg J. Beitel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter H.S. Sporn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Research Service, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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4
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Peng W, Xia Q, Zhang Y, Cao D, Zheng X. VEGF and EGFR signaling pathways are involved in the baicalein attenuation of OVA-induced airway inflammation and airway remodeling in mice. Respir Res 2024; 25:10. [PMID: 38178132 PMCID: PMC10765748 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used for treating asthma for centuries, the understanding of its mechanism of action is still limited. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the possible therapeutic effects, and underlying mechanism of baicalein in the treatment of asthma. METHODS Freely availabled atabases (e.g. OMIM, TTD, Genecards, BATMAN-TCM, STITCH 5.0, SEA, SwissTargetPrediction) and software (e.g. Ligplot 2.2.5 and PyMoL) were used for disease drug target prediction and molecular docking by network pharmacology. The efficacy and mechanism of action of baicalein in the treatment of asthma were validated using an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mouse model and molecular biology techniques. RESULTS A total of 1655 asthma-related genes and 161 baicalein-related targets were identified from public databases. Utilizing common databases and software for network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis, seven potential target proteins for the therapeutic effects of baicalein on asthma were selected, including v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (SRC), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), and MAPK1. In vivo, baicalein treatment via intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 50 mg/kg significantly reduced airway inflammation, collagen deposition, smooth muscle thickness, lung interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 levels, peripheral blood immunoglobulin (Ig)E levels, as well as the count and ratio of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in an OVA-induced asthma mouse model. Further validation by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting analysis revealed that the VEGF and EGFR signaling pathways involving VEGFA, MAPK1, MAPK3, and EGFR were inhibited by baicalein in the asthma mouse model. CONCLUSION Baicalein attenuates airway inflammation and airway remodeling through inhibition of VEGF and EGFR signaling pathways in an OVA-induced asthma mouse model. This will provide a new basis for the development of baicalein as a treatment for asthma and highlights the potential of network pharmacology and molecular docking in drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Xiangya Hospital, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Qinxuan Xia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1227, Jiefang Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Xiangya Hospital, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Danfeng Cao
- Academician Workstation and The Hunan Provincial University Key Laboratory of the Fundamental and Clinical Research on Functional Nucleic Acid, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, 410219, China.
| | - Xiangrong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
- Respiratory and critical care medicine, Xiangya Hospital, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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5
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Hu W, Meng L, Wang C, Lu W, Tong X, Lin R, Xu T, Chen L, Cui A, Xu X, Li A, Tang J, Gao H, Pei Z, Zhang R, Wang Y, Wang Y, Han W, Jiang N, Xiong C, Feng Y, Lee K, Chen M. Spatiotemporal observations of host-pathogen interactions in mucosa during SARS-CoV-2 infection indicate a protective role of ILC2s. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0087823. [PMID: 37937994 PMCID: PMC10714800 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00878-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Our study revealed the spatial interaction between humanized ACE2 and pseudovirus expressing Spike, emphasizing the role of type 2 innate lymphoid cells during the initial phase of viral infection. These findings provide a foundation for the development of mucosal vaccines and other treatment approaches for both pre- and post-infection management of coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Meng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhan Lu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tong
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - An Cui
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anni Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongru Gao
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenle Pei
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yicong Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wendong Han
- Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglong Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuinyu Lee
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingquan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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6
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Nouri HR, Schaunaman N, Kraft M, Li L, Numata M, Chu HW. Tollip deficiency exaggerates airway type 2 inflammation in mice exposed to allergen and influenza A virus: role of the ATP/IL-33 signaling axis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1304758. [PMID: 38124753 PMCID: PMC10731025 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1304758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-interacting protein (Tollip) is a negative regulator of the pro-inflammatory response to viruses, including influenza A virus (IAV). Genetic variation of Tollip has been associated with reduced airway epithelial Tollip expression and poor lung function in patients with asthma. Whether Tollip deficiency exaggerates type 2 inflammation (e.g., eosinophils) and viral infection in asthma remains unclear. We sought to address this critical, but unanswered question by using a Tollip deficient mouse asthma model with IAV infection. Further, we determined the underlying mechanisms by focusing on the role of the ATP/IL-33 signaling axis. Wild-type and Tollip KO mice were intranasally exposed to house dust mite (HDM) and IAV with or without inhibitors for IL-33 (i.e., soluble ST2, an IL-33 decoy receptor) and ATP signaling (i.e., an antagonist of the ATP receptor P2Y13). Tollip deficiency amplified airway type 2 inflammation (eosinophils, IL-5, IL-13 and mucins), and the release of ATP and IL-33. Blocking ATP receptor P2Y13 decreased IL-33 release during IAV infection in HDM-challenged Tollip KO mice. Furthermore, soluble ST2 attenuated airway eosinophilic inflammation in Tollip KO mice treated with HDM and IAV. HDM challenges decreased lung viral load in wild-type mice, but Tollip deficiency reduced the protective effects of HDM challenges on viral load. Our data suggests that during IAV infection, Tollip deficiency amplified type 2 inflammation and delayed viral clearance, in part by promoting ATP signaling and subsequent IL-33 release. Our findings may provide several therapeutic targets, including ATP and IL-33 signaling inhibition for attenuating excessive airway type 2 inflammation in human subjects with Tollip deficiency and IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Reza Nouri
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | | | - Monica Kraft
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Liwu Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Mari Numata
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, United States
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7
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Li F, Niu B, Liu L, Zhu M, Yang H, Qin B, Peng X, Chen L, Xu C, Zhou X. Characterization of genetic humanized mice with transgenic HLA DP401 or DRA but deficient in endogenous murine MHC class II genes upon Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Animal Model Exp Med 2023; 6:585-597. [PMID: 37246733 PMCID: PMC10757210 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus can cause serious infections by secreting many superantigen exotoxins in "carrier" or "pathogenic" states. HLA DQ and HLA DR humanized mice have been used as a small animal model to study the role of two molecules during S. aureus infection. However, the contribution of HLA DP to S. aureus infection is unknown yet. METHODS In this study, we have produced HLA DP401 and HLA DRA0101 humanized mice by microinjection of C57BL/6J zygotes. Neo-floxed IAβ+/- mice were crossbred with Ella-Cre and further crossbred with HLA DP401 or HLA-DRA0101 humanized mice. After several rounds of traditional crossbreeding, we finally obtained HLA DP401-IAβ-/- and HLA DRA-IAβ-/- humanized mice, in which human DP401 or DRA0101 molecule was introduced into IAβ-/- mice deficient in endogenous murine MHC class II molecules. A transnasal infection murine model of S. aureus pneumonia was induced in the humanized mice by administering 2 × 108 CFU of S. aureus Newman dropwise into the nasal cavity. The immune responses and histopathology changes were further assessed in lungs in these infected mice. RESULTS We evaluated the local and systemic effects of S. aureus delivered intranasally in HLA DP401-IAβ-/- and HLA DRA-IAβ-/- transgenic mice. S. aureus Newman infection significantly increased the mRNA level of IL 12p40 in lungs in humanized mice. An increase in IFN-γ and IL-6 protein was observed in HLA DRA-IAβ-/- mice. We observed a declining trend in the percentage of F4/80+ macrophages in lungs in HLA DP401-IAβ-/- mice and a decreasing ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells in lungs in IAβ-/- mice and HLA DP401-IAβ-/- mice. A decreasing ratio of Vβ3+ to Vβ8+ T cells was also found in the lymph node of IAβ-/- mice and HLA DP401-IAβ-/- mice. S. aureus Newman infection resulted in a weaker pathological injury in lungs in IAβ-/- genetic background mice. CONCLUSION These humanized mice will be an invaluable mouse model to resolve the pathological mechanism of S. aureus pneumonia and study what role DP molecule plays in S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Bowen Niu
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Lingling Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Mengmin Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Boyin Qin
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Xiuhua Peng
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Lixiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Chunhua Xu
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Animal ScienceShanghai Public Health Clinical CenterShanghaiChina
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8
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Kristensen C, Laybourn HA, Crumpton JC, Martiny K, Webb A, Ryt-Hansen P, Trebbien R, Jensen HE, Nissen JN, Skovgaard K, Webby RJ, Larsen LE. Experimental infection of pigs and ferrets with "pre-pandemic," human-adapted, and swine-adapted variants of the H1N1pdm09 influenza A virus reveals significant differences in viral dynamics and pathological manifestations. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011838. [PMID: 38048355 PMCID: PMC10721187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses are RNA viruses that cause epidemics in humans and are enzootic in the pig population globally. In 2009, pig-to-human transmission of a reassortant H1N1 virus (H1N1pdm09) caused the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century. This study investigated the infection dynamics, pathogenesis, and lesions in pigs and ferrets inoculated with natural isolates of swine-adapted, human-adapted, and "pre-pandemic" H1N1pdm09 viruses. Additionally, the direct-contact and aerosol transmission properties of the three H1N1pdm09 isolates were assessed in ferrets. In pigs, inoculated ferrets, and ferrets infected by direct contact with inoculated ferrets, the pre-pandemic H1N1pdm09 virus induced an intermediary viral load, caused the most severe lesions, and had the highest clinical impact. The swine-adapted H1N1pdm09 virus induced the highest viral load, caused intermediary lesions, and had the least clinical impact in pigs. The human-adapted H1N1pdm09 virus induced the highest viral load, caused the mildest lesions, and had the least clinical impact in ferrets infected by direct contact. The discrepancy between viral load and clinical impact presumably reflects the importance of viral host adaptation. Interestingly, the swine-adapted H1N1pdm09 virus was transmitted by aerosols to two-thirds of the ferrets. Further work is needed to assess the risk of human-to-human aerosol transmission of swine-adapted H1N1pdm09 viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Helena A. Laybourn
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jeri-Carol Crumpton
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Karen Martiny
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ashley Webb
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Pia Ryt-Hansen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Ramona Trebbien
- Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Henrik E. Jensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jakob N. Nissen
- Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Kerstin Skovgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States of America
| | - Lars E. Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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9
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Zhou M, Luo Q, Xu Y. As an inhibitor of norepinephrine release, dexmedetomidine provides no improvement on stroke-associated pneumonia in mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1203646. [PMID: 37601052 PMCID: PMC10433391 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1203646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is commonly employed as a sedative agent to attenuate sympathetic tone and reduce norepinephrine (NE) levels. In the context of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP), which is believed to arise from heightened sympathetic nervous system activity and elevated NE release, the precise influence of DEX remains uncertain. Methods: In this study, we generated an SAP model using middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and examined NE levels, immunological statuses in the brain and periphery, pneumonia symptoms, and extent of infarction. We aimed to determine the effects of DEX on SAP and explore the underlying. Despite its potential to reduce NE levels, DEX did not alleviate SAP symptoms or decrease the infarct area. Interestingly, DEX led to an increase in spleen size and spleen index. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in the CD3+ T cell population in both the blood and brain, but an increase in the spleen following DEX administration. The precise mechanism linking decreased CD3+ T cells and DEX's role in SAP requires further investigation. Conclusion: The clinical use of DEX in stroke patients should be approached with caution, considering its inability to alleviate SAP symptoms and reduce the infarct area. Further research is necessary to fully understand the relationship between decreased CD3+ T cells and DEX's influence on SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhou
- Anesthesiology Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Anesthesiology Department, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Younian Xu
- Anesthesiology Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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10
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Zhao X, Shen L, Zheng J, Zhu H, Li L, Shi H, Chen Z, Li Q. C1q Confers Protection Against Cryptococcal Lung Infection by Alleviating Inflammation and Reducing Cryptococcal Virulence. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad151. [PMID: 37089772 PMCID: PMC10117377 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To define the role of C1qa in host defense against Cryptococcus neoformans lung infection, we investigated its susceptibility to cryptococcal lung infection in mice deficient in complement factor C1qa (C1qa-/- ). Methods We established a wild-type (WT) and C1qa-deficient murine inhalation model with C. neoformans. We compared the host survival rate, inflammatory responses, and pathogenicity of C. neoformans during the infection course between WT and C1qa-/- mice. Results The mortality rate of C1qa-deficient mice was significantly higher than that of wild-type mice. The increased formation of Titan cells in the lungs was associated with augmented inflammation in C1qa-deficient mice. The capacity of lung homogenate supernatant from C1qa-deficient mice to induce Titan formation in vitro was greater compared with that of wild-type mice. The C. neoformans isolated from the lungs of infected C1qa-deficient mice was more resistant to macrophage killing in vitro and caused significantly higher mortality after administration to mice compared with that isolated from WT mice. Conclusions These findings reveal a novel role of C1qa in host defense against C. neoformans infection by regulating host inflammation and pathogen virulence and provide new insight into the C1q-mediated lung environment underlying the transition from yeast to Titan cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Biological Medicines & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of ImmunoTherapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongqing Chen
- Correspondence: Zhongqing Chen, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China (); Qian Li, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China ()
| | - Qian Li
- Correspondence: Zhongqing Chen, MD, PhD, Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China (); Qian Li, Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China ()
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11
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Casalino-Matsuda SM, Chen F, Gonzalez-Gonzalez FJ, Matsuda H, Nair A, Abdala-Valencia H, Budinger GRS, Dong JT, Beitel GJ, Sporn PHS. Myeloid Zfhx3 Deficiency Protects Against Hypercapnia-induced Suppression of Host Defense Against Influenza A Virus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.28.530480. [PMID: 36909510 PMCID: PMC10002734 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.28.530480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypercapnia, elevation of the partial pressure of CO 2 in blood and tissues, is a risk factor for mortality in patients with severe acute and chronic lung diseases. We previously showed that hypercapnia inhibits multiple macrophage and neutrophil antimicrobial functions, and that elevated CO 2 increases the mortality of bacterial and viral pneumonia in mice. Here, we show that normoxic hypercapnia downregulates innate immune and antiviral gene programs in alveolar macrophages (AMØs). We also show that zinc finger homeobox 3 (Zfhx3), mammalian ortholog of zfh2, which mediates hypercapnic immune suppression in Drosophila , is expressed in mouse and human MØs. Deletion of Zfhx3 in the myeloid lineage blocked the suppressive effect of hypercapnia on immune gene expression in AMØs and decreased viral replication, inflammatory lung injury and mortality in hypercapnic mice infected with influenza A virus. Our results establish Zfhx3 as the first known mammalian mediator of CO 2 effects on immune gene expression and lay the basis for future studies to identify therapeutic targets to interrupt hypercapnic immunosuppression in patients with advanced lung diseases. Graphical abstract
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12
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Shi X, Wu B, Chen J, Luo J, Li M, Jiang Z, Shi Y. Enhanced activity of NLRP3 inflammasome and its proinflammatory effect in influenza A viral pneumonia. Future Virol 2022. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of NLRP3 inflammasome and its effect on inducing severe pneumonia 1 week after influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Materials & methods: The expression levels of NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β were assessed in murine macrophages stimulated with IAV. And the severity of viral pneumonia in mice was explored. Results & conclusion: The data showed that although the expression of NLRP3 diverged, activity of NLRP3 inflammasome was enhanced 1 week after IAV infection, and more severe viral pneumonia was associated with IL-1β in serum. It infers that enhanced activity of NLRP3 inflammasome induces augmented expression of IL-1β and severe pneumonia in a NLRP3-independent way, 1 week after IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Shi
- Department of MICU, Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Benquan Wu
- Department of MICU, Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Junxian Chen
- Department of MICU, Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jinmei Luo
- Department of MICU, Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mei Li
- VIP Healthcare Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - ZhenYou Jiang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Basic Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Shi
- Department of MICU, Department of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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13
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Funes SC, Ríos M, Fernández-Fierro A, Rivera-Pérez D, Soto JA, Valbuena JR, Altamirano-Lagos MJ, Gómez-Santander F, Jara EL, Zoroquiain P, Roa JC, Kalergis AM, Riedel CA. Female offspring gestated in hypothyroxinemia and infected with human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) suffer a more severe infection and have a higher number of activated CD8+ T lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2022; 13:966917. [PMID: 36159799 PMCID: PMC9494552 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.966917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal thyroid hormones (THs) are essential for the appropriate development of the fetus and especially for the brain. Recently, some studies have shown that THs deficiency can also alter the immune system development of the progeny and their ability to mount an appropriate response against infectious agents. In this study, we evaluated whether adult mice gestated under hypothyroxinemia (Hpx) showed an altered immune response against infection with human metapneumovirus (hMPV). We observed that female mice gestated under Hpx showed higher clinical scores after seven days of hMPV infection. Besides, males gestated under Hpx have higher lung viral loads at day seven post-infection. Furthermore, the female offspring gestated in Hpx have already reduced the viral load at day seven and accordingly showed an increased proportion of activated (CD71+ and FasL+) CD8+ T cells in the lungs, which correlated with a trend for a higher histopathological clinical score. These results support that T4 deficiency during gestation might condition the offspring differently in males and females, enhancing their ability to respond to hMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta C. Funes
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Catóica, de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas-San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Luis (UNSL), San Luis, Argentina
| | - Mariana Ríos
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Catóica, de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ayleen Fernández-Fierro
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Catóica, de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Rivera-Pérez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Catóica, de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge A. Soto
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Catóica, de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - José R. Valbuena
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María J. Altamirano-Lagos
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Catóica, de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Gómez-Santander
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Catóica, de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Evelyn L. Jara
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Catóica, de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departmento de Farmacología, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Pablo Zoroquiain
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan C. Roa
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Catóica, de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Claudia A. Riedel,
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Zhu MM, Niu BW, Liu LL, Yang H, Qin BY, Peng XH, Chen LX, Liu Y, Wang C, Ren XN, Xu CH, Zhou XH, Li F. Development of a humanized HLA-A30 transgenic mouse model. Animal Model Exp Med 2022; 5:350-361. [PMID: 35791899 PMCID: PMC9434587 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There are remarkable genetic differences between animal major histocompatibility complex (MHC) systems and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system. HLA transgenic humanized mouse model systems offer a much better method to study the HLA‐A‐related principal mechanisms for vaccine development and HLA‐A‐restricted responses against infection in human. Methods A recombinant gene encoding the chimeric HLA‐A30 monochain was constructed. This HHD molecule contains the following: α1‐α2 domains of HLA‐A30, α3 and cytoplasmic domains of H‐2Db, linked at its N‐terminus to the C‐terminus of human β2m by a 15‐amino‐acid peptide linker. The recombinant gene encoding the chimeric HLA‐A30 monochain cassette was introduced into bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) CH502‐67J3 containing the HLA‐A01 gene locus by Red‐mediated homologous recombination. Modified BAC CH502‐67J3 was microinjected into the pronuclei of wild‐type mouse oocytes. This humanized mouse model was further used to assess the immune responses against influenza A virus (H1N1) pdm09 clinically isolated from human patients. Immune cell population, cytokine production, and histopathology in the lung were analyzed. Results We describe a novel human β2m‐HLA‐A30 (α1α2)‐H‐2Db (α3 transmembrane cytoplasmic) (HHD) monochain transgenic mouse strain, which contains the intact HLA‐A01 gene locus including 49 kb 5′‐UTR and 74 kb 3′‐UTR of HLA‐A01*01. Five transgenic lines integrated into the large genomic region of HLA‐A gene locus were obtained, and the robust expression of exogenous transgene was detected in various tissues from A30‐18# and A30‐19# lines encompassing the intact flanking sequences. Flow cytometry revealed that the introduction of a large genomic region in HLA‐A gene locus can influence the immune cell constitution in humanized mice. Pdm09 infection caused a similar immune response among HLA‐A30 Tg humanized mice and wild‐type mice, and induced the rapid increase of cytokines, including IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, and IL‐6, in both HLA‐A30 humanized Tg mice and wild‐type mice. The expression of HLA‐A30 transgene was dramatically promoted in tissues from A30‐9# line at 3 days post‐infection (dpi). Conclusions We established a promising preclinical research animal model of HLA‐A30 Tg humanized mouse, which could accelerate the identification of novel HLA‐A30‐restricted epitopes and vaccine development, and support the study of HLA‐A‐restricted responses against infection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Min Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Wen Niu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling-Ling Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Yin Qin
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Peng
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Xiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Ren
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Hua Xu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, China
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15
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Freudenberger Catanzaro KC, Lahmers KK, Allen IC, Inzana TJ. Alginate microencapsulation of an attenuated O-antigen mutant of Francisella tularensis LVS as a model for a vaccine delivery vehicle. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0259807. [PMID: 35275912 PMCID: PMC8916679 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is the etiologic agent of tularemia and a Tier I Select Agent. Subspecies tularensis (Type A) is the most virulent of the four subspecies and inhalation of as few as 10 cells can cause severe disease in humans. Due to its niche as a facultative intracellular pathogen, a successful tularemia vaccine must induce a robust cellular immune response, which is best achieved by a live, attenuated strain. F. tularensis strains lacking lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen are highly attenuated, but do not persist in the host long enough to induce protective immunity. Increasing the persistence of an O-antigen mutant may help stimulate protective immunity. Alginate encapsulation is frequently used with probiotics to increase persistence of bacteria within the gastrointestinal system, and was used to encapsulate the highly attenuated LVS O-antigen mutant WbtIG191V. Encapsulation with alginate followed by a poly-L-lysine/alginate coating increased survival of WbtIG191V in complement-active serum. In addition, BALB/c mice immunized intraperitoneally with encapsulated WbtIG191V combined with purified LPS survived longer than mock-immunized mice following intranasal challenge. Alginate encapsulation of the bacteria also increased antibody titers compared to non-encapsulated bacteria. These data suggest that alginate encapsulation provides a slow-release vehicle for bacterial deposits, as evidenced by the increased antibody titer and increased persistence in serum compared to freely suspended cells. Survival of mice against high-dose intranasal challenge with the LVS wildtype was similar between mice immunized within alginate capsules or with LVS, possibly due to the low number of animals used, but bacterial loads in the liver and spleen were the lowest in mice immunized with WbtIG191V and LPS in beads. However, an analysis of the immune response of surviving mice indicated that those vaccinated with the alginate vehicle upregulated cell-mediated immune pathways to a lesser extent than LVS-vaccinated mice. In summary, this vehicle, as formulated, may be more effective for pathogens that require predominately antibody-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly C. Freudenberger Catanzaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Kevin K. Lahmers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Irving C. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Inzana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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16
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Botosso VF, Jorge SAC, Astray RM, de Sá Guimarães AM, Mathor MB, de Carneiro PDS, Durigon EL, Covas D, de Oliveira DBL, das Neves Oliveira R, Maria DA, Eto SF, Gallina NMF, Pidde G, Squaiella-Baptistão CC, Silva DT, Villas-Boas IM, Fernandes DC, Auada AVV, Banari AC, de Souza Filho AF, Bianconi C, de Agostini Utescher CL, Oliveira DCA, Mariano DOC, Barbosa FF, Rondon G, Kapronezai J, da Silva JG, Goldfeder MB, Comone P, Junior REC, Pereira TTS, Wen FH, Tambourgi DV, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 equine F (Ab') 2 immunoglobulin as a possible therapy for COVID-19. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3890. [PMID: 35273234 PMCID: PMC8913704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07793-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The new outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected and caused the death of millions of people worldwide. Intensive efforts are underway around the world to establish effective treatments. Immunoglobulin from immunized animals or plasma from convalescent patients might constitute a specific treatment to guarantee the neutralization of the virus in the early stages of infection, especially in patients with risk factors and a high probability of progressing to severe disease. Worldwide, a few clinical trials using anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins from horses immunized with the entire spike protein or fragments of it in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 are underway. Here, we describe the development of an anti-SARS-CoV-2 equine F(ab')2 immunoglobulin using a newly developed SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen that was purified and inactivated by radiation. Cell-based and preclinical assays showed that the F(ab')2 immunoglobulin successfully neutralizes the virus, is safe in animal models, and reduces the severity of the disease in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Microbiology Department, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas Covas
- Direction, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle Bruna Leal de Oliveira
- Virology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Microbiology Department, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Silas Fernandes Eto
- Development and Innovation Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Giselle Pidde
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Dilza Trevisan Silva
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Special Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Alexandre Campos Banari
- Microbiology Department, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giuliana Rondon
- Development and Innovation Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fan Hui Wen
- Bioindustrial Center, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi
- Development and Innovation Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Center of Excellence in New Target Discovery (CENTD), Special Laboratory, São Paulo, Brazil.
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17
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Cimolai N. Non-primate animal models for pertussis: back to the drawing board? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1383-1398. [PMID: 35103810 PMCID: PMC8803574 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in the understanding of clinical pertussis, the contemporary emergence of antimicrobial resistance for Bordetella pertussis and an evolution of concerns with acellular component vaccination have both sparked a renewed interest. Although simian models of infection best correlate with the observed attributes of human infection, several animal models have been used for decades and have positively contributed in many ways to the related science. Nevertheless, there is yet the lack of a reliable small animal model system that mimics the combination of infection genesis, variable upper and lower respiratory infection, systemic effects, infection resolution, and vaccine responses. This narrative review examines the history and attributes of non-primate animal models for pertussis and places context with the current use and needs. Emerging from the latter is the necessity for further such study to better create the optimal model of infection and vaccination with use of current molecular tools and a broader range of animal systems. KEY POINTS: • Currently used and past non-primate animal models of B. pertussis infection often have unique and focused applications. • A non-primate animal model that consistently mimics human pertussis for the majority of key infection characteristics is lacking. • There remains ample opportunity for an improved non-primate animal model of pertussis with the use of current molecular biology tools and with further exploration of species not previously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevio Cimolai
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
- Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, B.C., V6H3V4, Canada.
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18
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Prevalence, Characterization, and Pathogenicity of Salmonella enterica Subspecies enterica Serovar Derby from Yaks in the Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082397. [PMID: 34438854 PMCID: PMC8388676 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Salmonella spp. is a very important pathogen in the livestock industry and public health, which poses a major threat to global public health. Yaks and their by-products have a significant economic status in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of salmonella in yak farms and to conduct a molecular characterization and tests on its pathogenicity in mice with the use of salmonella isolated from yaks with diarrhea as well as from drinking water samples. The prevalence of salmonella was 19.75% of 162 samples collected from yak farms, and all isolates were found to belong to the serovar of Salmonella Derby and ST40. All Salmonella Derby isolates from both fecal and drinking water samples from 13 farms were clonally related based on SNP alignment. Salmonella Derby was still detected positively in the feces of model mice on day 24 post-injection. This study reports the prevalence of Salmonella Derby in yaks with diarrhea and in their drinking water. In addition, the pathogenicity of the S. Derby in mice was investigated. Findings suggest that Salmonella Derby excreted by diarrheic yaks is a source of contamination for other yaks and the environment and is highly pathogenic to mice. Seeing that Salmonella Derby has become one of the most common Salmonella serovars, this situation gives rise to further risk from the potential spread of food-borne diseases. Abstract Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Derby (S. Derby) is one of the numerous non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars and has been recognized as a food-borne pathogen. In 2019, outbreaks of salmonellosis were reported in 13 yak farms in the Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, China. A total of 32 salmonella strains were isolated from 162 fecal samples of yaks with diarrhea as well as from drinking water samples. The isolates were subjected to serovar identification, animal experiments, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) analyses. The serovar of all the isolates was S. Derby, and the sequence types (STs) were ST40. The analysis of the differences of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed that the salmonella strains isolated from 13 farms were clonally related. Animal experiments showed that the lethal dose (LD50) was 4.57 × 107 CFU (colony-forming units); the shedding time of S. Derby in mice was 24 days; the bacterial loads in spleen were higher than those in other organs (ileum, liver, and cecum). Pathological analyses by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed obvious damage in the spleen, liver, and intestine. These results indicate that the S. Derby from yaks can cause infection in mice.
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Vu LD, Saravia J, Jaligama S, Baboeram Panday RV, Sullivan RD, Mancarella S, Cormier SA, Kimura D. Deficiency in ST2 signaling ameliorates RSV-associated pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H309-H317. [PMID: 34170196 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00018.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) observed during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is associated with morbidity and mortality, especially in children with congenital heart disease. Yet, the pathophysiological mechanisms of RSV-associated PH remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the pathophysiological mechanism of RSV-associated PH. We used a translational mouse model of RSV-associated PH, in which wild-type (WT) and suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) knockout neonatal mice were infected with RSV at 5 days old and reinfected 4 wk later. The development of PH in WT mice following RSV reinfection was evidenced by elevated right ventricle systolic pressure, shortened pulmonary artery acceleration time (PAT), and decreased PAT/ejection time (ET) ratio. It coincided with the augmentation of periostin and IL-13 expression and increased arginase bioactivity by both arginase 1 and 2 as well as induction of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) uncoupling. Absence of ST2 signaling prevented RSV-reinfected mice from developing PH by suppressing NOS uncoupling. In summary, ST2 signaling was involved in the development of RSV-associated PH. ST2 signaling inhibition may be a novel therapeutic target for RSV-associated PH.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report that the pathogenic role of ST2-mediated type 2 immunity and mechanisms contribute to RSV-associated pulmonary hypertension. Inhibiting ST2 signaling may be a novel therapeutic target for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan D Vu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.,Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Jordy Saravia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sridhar Jaligama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee.,IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Ryan D Sullivan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Salvatore Mancarella
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Stephania A Cormier
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.,Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.,Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Dai Kimura
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.,Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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20
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Aspergillus fumigatus Influences Gasdermin-D-Dependent Pyroptosis of the Lung via Regulating Toll-Like Receptor 2-Mediated Regulatory T Cell Differentiation. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5538612. [PMID: 34222495 PMCID: PMC8219420 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5538612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Aspergillus fumigatus, as an opportunistic fungus, has developed a series of escape mechanisms under the host's immune response to obtain nutrients and promote fungal growth in the hostile environment. The immune escape of pathogens may be through suppressing the inflammatory response mediated by regulatory T cells (Tregs). The aim of this study was to explore whether A. fumigatus influences Gasdermin-D-dependent pyroptosis of the lung by regulating Toll-like receptor 2-mediated regulatory T cell differentiation. Methods Collect peripheral blood from patients with A. fumigatus. ELISA kits we used to detect the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2R, and IL-10 in the serum and flow cytometry to detect the percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs in the patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The mouse model of A. fumigatus infection was constructed by tracheal instillation. The pathological changes in the lungs of the mice were observed under a microscope. The fungal load in the lung tissue was determined by the plate colony count. ELISA kit was used to detect the lung tissue homogenate proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, CCL2, and VEGF. Q-PCR was used for the detection of the expression of Foxp3 and TLR2 genes in the lung. Western blot was used for the detection of the expression of TLR2, Gasdermin-D (GSDMD), IL-1α, and IL-1β in the lung. Flow cytometry was used to detect splenic CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Tregs. Using magnetic beads to extract CD4+ T cells from mice spleen, the effects of A. fumigatus conidia or TLR2 inhibitor (C29) to differentiate CD4+ T cells in vitro were tested. Results The expression of Foxp3 and TLR2 in the lung tissue of mice infected with A. fumigatus increased, and we observed that the proportion of Tregs in both A. fumigatus infection patients and mice was upregulated. After using the CD25 neutralizing antibody, the number of Tregs in the mice spleen was significantly reduced. However, lung damage was reduced and the ability to clear lung fungi was enhanced. We found that the Tregs in TLR2−/− mice were significantly reduced and the nonlethal dose of A. fumigatus conidia did not cause severe lung damage in TLR2−/− mice. Compared with that of wild-type mice, the fungal burden in the lung of TLR2-deficient mice was reduced and the knockout of TLR2 changed the expression of GSDMD, IL-1α, and IL-1β in A. fumigatus. In in vitro experiments, we found that the inhibition of TLR2 can reduce Treg differentiation. Conclusions A. fumigatus triggers CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ Treg proliferation and differentiation by activating the TLR2 pathway, which may be a potential mechanism for evading host defenses in A. fumigatus. This effect can modulate GSDMD-dependent pyroptosis and may partly involve TRL2 signaling.
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21
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Olszewski J, Weigert Galvão C, Lipuma JJ, Paludo KS. Environmental and clinical isolates of Herbaspirillum induce pulmonary infection in mice and its secretome is cytotoxic to human lung cells. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 33830909 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. In recent years, the Herbaspirillum genus has emerged as a pathogen in healthcare-related infections and has became stablished as an opportunistic pathogen.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Little is known about the pathogenesis induced by Herbaspirillum genus.Aim. To evaluate the cytotoxic effects of genus Herbaspirillum, its ability to adhere to lung human cells and the ability of environmental and clinical strains of Herbaspirillum to induce pneumonia in mice.Methodology. Environmental and clinical isolates of Herbaspirillum were examined for their cytotoxic effects on the Calu-3 cell lineage. Cytotoxic activity of secretome was tested using MTT/neutral red assays and cell morphology analysis. Herbaspirillum adhesion on Calu-3 cells was assessed using bright-field microscopy and cell-associated bacteria were counted. A mouse model of acute lung infection was done using a clinical and an environmental strain. Adult male mice were used, and the pneumonia was inducted by intra-tracheal inoculation of 108 or 109 bacteria. Mice weight variations were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Bronchoalveolar lavage was collected and evaluated for total and differential cytology. A histological examination of lungs was performed giving a histological score.Results. The secretomes of all the strains induced morphological alterations in cells, but only H. seropedicae SmR1 were cytotoxic in MTT and neutral red assays. Clinical strains of H. frisingense AU14459 and H. hutttiense subsp. huttiense AU11883 exhibited low adherence to lung cells, while SmR1 was non-adhesive. Following intratracheal inoculation, mice treated with 109 c.f.u. of the SmR1 and AU11883 strains lost 18 and 6% of their weight over 7 days, respectively, and presented moderate clinical signs. Infected mice showed inflammatory cell infiltration in the perivascular and peribroncheal/peribronchiolar spaces. Bronchoalveolar fluid of mice inoculated with SmR1 109 c.f.u. presented an increase in total leucocyte cells and in neutrophils population.Conclusion. These in vivo and in vitro results provide insights into how some Herbaspirillum strains cause infection in humans, providing a basis for the characterization of pathogenesis studies on this emerging infectious agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josyel Olszewski
- Department of Structural Biology, Molecular and Genetics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - Carolina Weigert Galvão
- Department of Structural Biology, Molecular and Genetics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Brazil
| | - John J Lipuma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Katia Sabrina Paludo
- Department of Structural Biology, Molecular and Genetics, State University of Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Brazil
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22
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Zhao D, Li Y, Peng C, Lin J, Yu F, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Zhao D. Outer membrane protein a in Acinetobacter baumannii induces autophagy through mTOR signalling pathways in the lung of SD rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 135:111034. [PMID: 33388597 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is associated with autophagy, which plays an important role in its pathogenicity. However, its exact pathophysiological role in the process of lung tissue cell autophagy remains unclear. In this study, animal and cell infection models were established by wild A. baumannii strain and An OmpA knockout mutant (OmpA-/- A. baumannii) strain. The expression levels of markers autophagy, histological change, cell viability and protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were examined. OmpA-/-A. baumannii was successfully constructed. The capacities of bacterial adhesion and invasion to host cells increased more obviously in the AB group and the AB + Rapa group than in the OmpA-/- AB group and AB + CQ group. The AB group and AB + Rapa group could produce double membrane vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum dilation, mitochondrial ridge rupture, and mitochondrial vacuoles. OmpA could lead to increased LC3, AMPK, and PAMPK protein release, and decreased levels of P62, mTOR and pmTOR proteins in vivo and in vitro. OmpA caused lung pathology and the release of inflammatory cytokines. A. baumannii OmpA promotes autophagy in lung cells through the mTOR signalling pathway, which increases the bacterial colonization ability in the double-layer membrane autophagosome formed by the autophagy reaction to escape the clearance of bacteria by the host, promote the release of inflammatory mediators and aggravate the damage to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, The People's Hospital Guizhou University, Guiyang 550002, PR China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Anatomy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Chunhong Peng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, The People's Hospital Guizhou University, Guiyang 550002, PR China
| | - Jieru Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, The People's Hospital Guizhou University, Guiyang 550002, PR China
| | - Fuxun Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, The People's Hospital Guizhou University, Guiyang 550002, PR China; Department of Central Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, PR China
| | - Yichen Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Institute of Biological Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Xiangyan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, PR China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, The People's Hospital Guizhou University, Guiyang 550002, PR China
| | - Degang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Institute of Biological Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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23
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Rodríguez F, Ramírez AS, Castro P, Poveda JB. Pathological and Immunohistochemical Studies of Experimental Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). J Comp Pathol 2021; 184:37-43. [PMID: 33894876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) is a leading cause of human community-acquired pneumonia. To investigate the pathogenesis of the infection, 36 gerbils were intranasally inoculated with Mp culture (30 animals) or sterile mycoplasma broth (6 animals) and euthanized from 1 to 5 weeks post infection. A morphological and immunohistochemical study was carried out in all animals to determine the cellular populations present in lung parenchyma. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were used to detect antigens of Mp and CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD79 lymphocytes, as well as cells containing S100 and major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) antigens. There was progressive infiltration of mononuclear cells in the lamina propria of bronchi and bronchioles, and hyperplasia of the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in the infected animals. BALT contained dendritic cells immunopositive to S100 and MHC-II and numerous CD3, CD4 and CD79 lymphocytes. The immunohistochemical results showed that T lymphocytes, particularly CD4 and CD79 cells, may play a role in the immune response of gerbils against Mp. This experimental model is valuable for investigation of the pathogenesis of Mp infection and may assist in the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Rodríguez
- Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Ana S Ramírez
- Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Pedro Castro
- Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - José B Poveda
- Institute for Animal Health, Veterinary School, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Gran Canaria, Spain
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24
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MHC-DRB1 exon 2 polymorphism and its association with mycoplasma ovipneumonia resistance or susceptibility genotypes in sheep. J Genet 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-020-1175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Cimolai N. Applying Immune Instincts and Maternal Intelligence from Comparative Microbiology to COVID-19. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2:2670-2683. [PMID: 33195997 PMCID: PMC7652409 DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00634-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
New data specific to COVID-19 are emerging quickly on key issues of immunity and prevention, but past research in coronavirology and for other human pathogens (e.g., Mycoplasma pneumoniae) has been available and of great relevance. Considerable study of endemic human coronaviruses has shown that neutralizing antibody correlates with protection, but effective clinical protection is variable for subsequent virus exposure. Animal coronavirus research has emphasized the importance of local mucosal protection (especially IgA) and systemic responses. Animal model and human post-infection studies for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are largely corroborative. Whether for passive therapeutic strategies or vaccination, these findings provide a template for COVID-19. Many approaches to vaccination have emerged, and there may be more than one vaccine that will be applied, but individualized obstacles and concerns for administration, efficacy, and safety are inevitable. Regardless of safeguards or promises that may be understood from laboratory or vertebrate experiments, observations from large-scale human trials will ultimately prove to shape the medical future. Focus on common mucosal immunity can be underrated, and equally or more, focus on lactogenic immunity may be underestimated. In understanding both passive immunity and protection, the body is already primed to educate us with decisions of what constitutes protection and harm. This review provides key insights that drive hypotheses into how the instinct of immunity and the intelligence of the maternal component of the common mucosal immune system has already guided us and may continue to do so effectively into a bright and safe future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevio Cimolai
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Canada
- Children’s and Women’s Health Centre of British Columbia, 4480 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H3V4 Canada
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26
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Lee ACY, Zhang AJ, Chan JFW, Li C, Fan Z, Liu F, Chen Y, Liang R, Sridhar S, Cai JP, Poon VKM, Chan CCS, To KKW, Yuan S, Zhou J, Chu H, Yuen KY. Oral SARS-CoV-2 Inoculation Establishes Subclinical Respiratory Infection with Virus Shedding in Golden Syrian Hamsters. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 1:100121. [PMID: 32984855 PMCID: PMC7508015 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted largely by respiratory droplets or airborne aerosols. Despite being frequently found in the immediate environment and feces of patients, evidence supporting the oral acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 is unavailable. Using the Syrian hamster model, we demonstrate that the severity of pneumonia induced by the intranasal inhalation of SARS-CoV-2 increases with virus inoculum. SARS-CoV-2 retains its infectivity in vitro in simulated human-fed-gastric and fasted-intestinal fluid after 2 h. Oral inoculation with the highest intranasal inoculum (105 PFUs) causes mild pneumonia in 67% (4/6) of the animals, with no weight loss. The lung histopathology score and viral load are significantly lower than those infected by the lowest intranasal inoculum (100 PFUs). However, 83% of the oral infections (10/12 hamsters) have a level of detectable viral shedding from oral swabs and feces similar to that of intranasally infected hamsters. Our findings indicate that the oral acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 can establish subclinical respiratory infection with less efficiency. Oral inoculation of SARS-CoV-2 can establish respiratory infection in hamsters Orally infected hamsters do not have body weight loss and signs of disease Orally infected hamsters have a lower viral load and milder inflammation in lung Orally and intranasally infected hamsters have comparable level of virus shedding
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Chak-Yiu Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anna Jinxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhimeng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yanxia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ronghui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Siddharth Sridhar
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vincent Kwok-Man Poon
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chris Chung-Sing Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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27
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Casalino-Matsuda SM, Chen F, Gonzalez-Gonzalez FJ, Nair A, Dib S, Yemelyanov A, Gates KL, Budinger GRS, Beitel GJ, Sporn PHS. Hypercapnia Suppresses Macrophage Antiviral Activity and Increases Mortality of Influenza A Infection via Akt1. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:489-501. [PMID: 32540997 PMCID: PMC7343622 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hypercapnia (HC), elevation of the partial pressure of CO2 in blood and tissues, is a risk factor for mortality in patients with severe acute and chronic lung diseases. We previously showed that HC inhibits multiple macrophage and neutrophil antimicrobial functions and increases the mortality of bacterial pneumonia in mice. In this study, we show that normoxic HC increases viral replication, lung injury, and mortality in mice infected with influenza A virus (IAV). Elevated CO2 increased IAV replication and inhibited antiviral gene and protein expression in macrophages in vivo and in vitro. HC potentiated IAV-induced activation of Akt, whereas specific pharmacologic inhibition or short hairpin RNA knockdown of Akt1 in alveolar macrophages blocked HC's effects on IAV growth and the macrophage antiviral response. Our findings suggest that targeting Akt1 or the downstream pathways through which elevated CO2 signals could enhance macrophage antiviral host defense and improve clinical outcomes in hypercapnic patients with advanced lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marina Casalino-Matsuda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611;
| | - Fei Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Francisco J Gonzalez-Gonzalez
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Aisha Nair
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Sandra Dib
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Alex Yemelyanov
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Khalilah L Gates
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612; and
| | - Greg J Beitel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208
| | - Peter H S Sporn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612; and
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28
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Cimolai N. Defining protective epitopes for COVID-19 vaccination models. J Med Virol 2020; 92:1772-1773. [PMID: 32285942 PMCID: PMC7262208 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nevio Cimolai
- Children's and Women's Health Centre of British Columbia, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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29
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Beckmann N, Sutton JM, Hoehn RS, Jernigan PL, Friend LA, Johanningman TA, Schuster RM, Lentsch AB, Caldwell CC, Pritts TA. IFNγ and TNFα mediate CCL22/MDC production in alveolar macrophages after hemorrhage and resuscitation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L864-L872. [PMID: 32101016 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00455.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury is a major complication of hemorrhagic shock and the required resuscitation with large volumes of crystalloid fluids and blood products. We previously identified a role of macrophage-derived chemokine (CCL22/MDC) pulmonary inflammation following hemorrhage and resuscitation. However, further details regarding the induction of CCL22/MDC and its precise role in pulmonary inflammation after trauma remain unknown. In the current study we used in vitro experiments with a murine alveolar macrophage cell line, as well as an in vivo mouse model of hemorrhage and resuscitation, to identify key regulators in CCL22/MDC production. We show that trauma induces expression of IFNγ, which leads to production of CCL22/MDC through a signaling mechanism involving p38 MAPK, NF-κB, JAK, and STAT-1. IFNγ also activates TNFα production by alveolar macrophages, potentiating CCL22/MDC production via an autocrine mechanism. Neutralization of IFNγ or TNFα with specific antibodies reduced histological signs of pulmonary injury after hemorrhage and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration into the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Beckmann
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey M Sutton
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Richard S Hoehn
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Peter L Jernigan
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lou Ann Friend
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Taylor A Johanningman
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Rebecca M Schuster
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Alex B Lentsch
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Charles C Caldwell
- Division of Research, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.,Division of Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Timothy A Pritts
- Section of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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30
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Zhou Z, Zhang P, Cui Y, Zhang Y, Qin X, Li R, Liu P, Dou Y, Wang L, Zhao Y. Experiments Investigating the Competitive Growth Advantage of Two Different Genotypes of Human Metapneumovirus: Implications for the Alternation of Genotype Prevalence. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2852. [PMID: 32071381 PMCID: PMC7029021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important pathogen that causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children worldwide. hMPV has two major genotypes, hMPV-A and hMPV-B. Epidemiological studies have shown that the two hMPV genotypes alternate in predominance worldwide in recent years. Co-circulation of the two genotypes of hMPV was usually observed and there is no study about the interaction between them, such as competitive replication, which maybe the possible mechanisms for alternating prevalence of subtypes. Our present study have used two different genotypes of hMPV (genotype A: NL/1/00; B: NL/1/99) in different proportions in animal model (BALB/c mice) and cell model (Vero-E6) separately. The result showed that the competitive growth does exist in BALB/c mice, genotype B had a strong competitive advantage. However, genotype B did not cause more severe disease than non-predominant (genotype A) or mixed strains in the study, which were evaluated by the body weight, airway hyperresponsiveness and lung pathology of mouse. In cell model, competitive growth and the two genotypes alternately prevalence were observed. In summary, we confirmed that there was a competitive replication between hMPV genotype A and B, and no difference in disease severity caused by the two subtypes. This study shows a new insight to understand the alternation of hMPV genotype prevalence through genotype competition and provide experimental evidence for disease control and vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yuxia Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, 550002, China
| | - Yongbo Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xian Qin
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Rongpei Li
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ying Dou
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Lijia Wang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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31
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Numata M, Mitchell JR, Tipper JL, Brand JD, Trombley JE, Nagashima Y, Kandasamy P, Chu HW, Harrod KS, Voelker DR. Pulmonary surfactant lipids inhibit infections with the pandemic H1N1 influenza virus in several animal models. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:1704-1715. [PMID: 31882535 PMCID: PMC7008372 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 outbreak in 2009 exemplified the problems accompanying the emergence of novel influenza A virus (IAV) strains and their unanticipated virulence in populations with no pre-existing immunity. Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are currently the drugs of choice for intervention against IAV outbreaks, but there are concerns that NAI-resistant viruses can transmit to high-risk populations. These issues highlight the need for new approaches that address the annual influenza burden. In this study, we examined whether palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) effectively antagonize (H1N1)pdm09 infection. POPG and PI markedly suppressed cytopathic effects and attenuated viral gene expression in (H1N1)pdm09-infected Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. POPG and PI bound to (H1N1)pdm09 with high affinity and disrupted viral spread from infected to noninfected cells in tissue culture and also reduced (H1N1)pdm09 propagation by a factor of 102 after viral infection was established in vitro In a mouse infection model of (H1N1)pdm09, POPG and PI significantly reduced lung inflammation and viral burden. Of note, when mice were challenged with a typically lethal dose of 1000 plaque-forming units of (H1N1)pdm09, survival after 10 days was 100% (14 of 14 mice) with the POPG treatment compared with 0% (0 of 14 mice) without this treatment. POPG also significantly reduced inflammatory infiltrates and the viral burden induced by (H1N1)pdm09 infection in a ferret model. These findings indicate that anionic phospholipids potently and efficiently disrupt influenza infections in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Numata
- Department of Medicine, Program in Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - James R Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Program in Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Jennifer L Tipper
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Jeffrey D Brand
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - John E Trombley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 1628666, Japan
| | - Pitchaimani Kandasamy
- Department of Medicine, Program in Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, Program in Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
| | - Kevin S Harrod
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Dennis R Voelker
- Department of Medicine, Program in Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206.
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32
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Zhou P, Wu H, Chen S, Bai Q, Chen X, Chen L, Zeng X, Liu L, Chen L. MOMP and MIP DNA-loaded bacterial ghosts reduce the severity of lung lesions in mice after Chlamydia psittaci respiratory tract infection. Immunobiology 2019; 224:739-746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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33
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The Optimal Concentration of Formaldehyde is Key to Stabilizing the Pre-Fusion Conformation of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Fusion Protein. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070628. [PMID: 31288455 PMCID: PMC6669674 DOI: 10.3390/v11070628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To date, there is no licensed vaccine available to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The valuable pre-fusion conformation of the fusion protein (pre-F) is prone to lose high neutralizing antigenic sites. The goals of this study were to stabilize pre-F protein by fixatives and try to find the possibility of developing an inactivated RSV vaccine. Methods: The screen of the optimal fixative condition was performed with flow cytometry. BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly with different immunogens. The serum neutralizing antibody titers of immunized mice were determined by neutralization assay. The protection and safety of these immunogens were assessed. Results: Fixation in an optimal concentration of formaldehyde (0.0244%–0.0977%) or paraformaldehyde (0.0625%–1%) was able to stabilize pre-F. Additionally, BALB/c mice inoculated with optimally stabilized pre-F protein (opti-fixed) induced a higher anti-RSV neutralization (9.7 log2, mean value of dilution rate) than those inoculated with unstable (unfixed, 8.91 log2, p < 0.01) or excessively fixed (exce-fixed, 7.28 log2, p < 0.01) pre-F protein. Furthermore, the opti-fixed immunogen did not induce enhanced RSV disease. Conclusions: Only the proper concentration of fixatives could stabilize pre-F and the optimal formaldehyde condition provides a potential reference for development of an inactivated RSV vaccine.
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34
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Antibodies to Protein but Not Glycolipid Structures Are Important for Host Defense against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00663-18. [PMID: 30396892 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00663-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody responses to Mycoplasma pneumoniae correlate with pulmonary M. pneumoniae clearance. However, M. pneumoniae-specific IgG antibodies can cross-react with the myelin glycolipid galactocerebroside (GalC) and cause neurological disorders. We assessed whether antiglycolipid antibody formation is part of the physiological immune response to M. pneumoniae We show that antibodies against M. pneumoniae proteins and glycolipids arise in serum of M. pneumoniae-infected children and mice. Although antibodies to M. pneumoniae glycolipids were mainly IgG, anti-GalC antibodies were only IgM. B-1a cells, shown to aid in protection against pathogen-derived glycolipids, are lacking in Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk)-deficient mice. M. pneumoniae-infected Btk-deficient mice developed M. pneumoniae-specific IgG responses to M. pneumoniae proteins but not to M. pneumoniae glycolipids, including GalC. The equal recovery from M. pneumoniae infection in Btk-deficient and wild-type mice suggests that pulmonary M. pneumoniae clearance is predominantly mediated by IgG reactive with M. pneumoniae proteins and that M. pneumoniae glycolipid-specific IgG or IgM is not essential. These data will guide the development of M. pneumoniae-targeting vaccines that avoid the induction of neurotoxic antibodies.
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35
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Liu Y, Qin T, Zhao X, Dong S, Zhu J, Peng D, Zhong J, Li T, Chen X. Skewed balance of regulatory T cell and inflammatory T cell in IL-17 defect with human metapneumovirus infection. Cell Immunol 2018; 331:161-167. [PMID: 30077332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a common cause of respiratory infections in children. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the development of hMPV-induced pulmonary pathology remain unknown. Studies show that IL-17 plays an important role in some inflammatory diseases of the airways, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Here, we generated an IL-17 KO murine model of hMPV infection and used it to characterize the role of IL-17 hMPV-induced pulmonary inflammation. The results demonstrated that the defect in IL-17 resulted in less neutrophil influx into the lungs, along with reduced ventilatory function. Meanwhile, viral infection in IL-17 KO mice increased regulatory T cells (Tregs) and reduced Th1 and Th2 cells in the lung, suggesting that lack of IL-17 skews the immune response in the lung toward an anti-inflammatory profile, as exhibited by a greater number of Treg cells and fewer Th1 and Th2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Liu
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Research Center for Immunologic and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China; Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Shifang Dong
- Division of Flow Cytometry, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Division of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Donghong Peng
- Division of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jiarong Zhong
- General Medical Wards, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xin Chen
- General Medical Wards, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.
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36
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Moroncini G, Paolini C, Orlando F, Capelli C, Grieco A, Tonnini C, Agarbati S, Mondini E, Saccomanno S, Goteri G, Svegliati Baroni S, Provinciali M, Introna M, Del Papa N, Gabrielli A. Mesenchymal stromal cells from human umbilical cord prevent the development of lung fibrosis in immunocompetent mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196048. [PMID: 29856737 PMCID: PMC5983506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung fibrosis is a severe condition resulting from several interstial lung diseases (ILD) with different etiologies. Current therapy of ILD, especially those associated with connective tissue diseases, is rather limited and new anti-fibrotic strategies are needed. In this study, we investigated the anti-fibrotic activity in vivo of human mesenchymal stromal cells obtained from whole umbilical cord (hUC-MSC). Adult immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice (n. = 8 for each experimental condition) were injected intravenously with hUC-MSC (n. = 2.5 × 105) twice, 24 hours and 7 days after endotracheal injection of bleomycin. Upon sacrifice at days 8, 14, 21, collagen content, inflammatory cytokine profile, and hUC-MSC presence in explanted lung tissue were analyzed. Systemic administration of a double dose of hUC-MSC significantly reduced bleomycin-induced lung injury (inflammation and fibrosis) in mice through a selective inhibition of the IL6-IL10-TGFβ axis involving lung M2 macrophages. Only few hUC-MSC were detected from explanted lungs, suggesting a “hit and run” mechanism of action of this cellular therapy. Our data indicate that hUC-MSC possess strong in vivo anti-fibrotic activity in a mouse model resembling an immunocompetent human subject affected by inflammatory ILD, providing proof of concept for ad-hoc clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Moroncini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Chiara Paolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Orlando
- Centro di Tecnologie Avanzate nell’Invecchiamento, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Chiara Capelli
- UOS Centro di Terapia Cellulare "G. Lanzani", A.S.S.T. Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Antonella Grieco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Cecilia Tonnini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Agarbati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Mondini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Saccomanno
- AnatomiaPatologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche s e Sanità Pubblica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gaia Goteri
- AnatomiaPatologica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche s e Sanità Pubblica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Svegliati Baroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Centro di Tecnologie Avanzate nell’Invecchiamento, IRCCS-INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Martino Introna
- UOS Centro di Terapia Cellulare "G. Lanzani", A.S.S.T. Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Del Papa
- UOC Day Hospital di Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Reumatologia, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milano, Italy
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Autoimmune-Disease-Prone NOD Mice Help To Reveal a New Genetic Locus for Reducing Pulmonary Disease Caused by Mycoplasma pulmonis. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00812-17. [PMID: 29263105 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00812-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasmas are bacterial pathogens of a range of animals, including humans, and are a common cause of respiratory disease. However, the host genetic factors that affect resistance to infection or regulate the resulting pulmonary inflammation are not well defined. We and others have previously demonstrated that nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice can be used to investigate disease loci that affect bacterial infection and autoimmune diabetes. Here we show that NOD mice are more susceptible than C57BL/6 (B6) mice to infection with Mycoplasma pulmonis, a natural model of pulmonary mycoplasmosis. The lungs of infected NOD mice had higher loads of M. pulmonis and more severe inflammatory lesions. Moreover, congenic NOD mice that harbored different B6-derived chromosomal intervals enabled identification and localization of a new mycoplasmosis locus, termed Mpr2, on chromosome 13. These congenic NOD mice demonstrated that the B6 allele for Mpr2 reduced the severity of pulmonary inflammation caused by infection with M. pulmonis and that this was associated with altered cytokine and chemokine concentrations in the infected lungs. Mpr2 also colocalizes to the same genomic interval as Listr2 and Idd14, genetic loci linked to listeriosis resistance and autoimmune diabetes susceptibility, respectively, suggesting that allelic variation within these loci may affect the development of both infectious and autoimmune disease.
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Alsuwaidi AR, George JA, Almarzooqi S, Hartwig SM, Varga SM, Souid AK. Sirolimus alters lung pathology and viral load following influenza A virus infection. Respir Res 2017; 18:136. [PMID: 28693498 PMCID: PMC5504865 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0618-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inhibitors of mTOR, such as sirolimus, have been shown to induce thymus involution and inflammatory lung disease in mice. The latter effect supports the role of this serine/threonine kinase in ameliorating lung inflammation. Other studies have shown sirolimus reduces/delays lung disease associated with various strains of influenza A virus (IAV). Thus, the effects of mTOR inhibitors on influenza infection deserve further studies. Methods Here, we examined the changes in lung viral copies, pathology and pulmonary function associated with IAV (A/PR/8/34) infection in mice treated with sirolimus. Results Body weight loss peaked between days 6–11 post-infection and was more severe in IAV-infected mice that were administered sirolimus as compared to mice that received IAV alone (p = 0.030). Natural log viral gene copies, mean ± SD per mg lung tissue, in IAV-infected mice that were administered sirolimus were 17.31 ± 1.27 on day 4, 19.31 ± 7.46 on day 10, and 0 on day 25. The corresponding number of copies in mice that received IAV alone were 18.56 ± 0.95 on day 4 (p = 0.132), 1.52 ± 1.39 on day 10 (p = 0.008), and 0 on day 25. Lung pathology was evident on days 4, 10, and 25 post infection, with mean ± SD inflammatory score of 9.0 ± 4.5 in IAV-infected mice that were administered sirolimus, as compared to 11.5 ± 4.5 (p = 0.335) in mice received IAV alone (maximum score, 26.0). Impaired lung function was evident in IAV-infected mice on days 4 and 10, as demonstrated by increased airway resistance and decreased compliance. Conclusions In this model, the effects of sirolimus on influenza infection included severe weight loss and modified viral replication, respiratory function and lung inflammation. The adverse events associated with sirolimus treatment are consistent with its potent immunosuppressive activity and, thus, preclude its use in IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Alsuwaidi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Junu A George
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeeda Almarzooqi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stacey M Hartwig
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA
| | - Steven M Varga
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Department of Pathology and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa, USA
| | - Abdul-Kader Souid
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Xue D, Kaufman GN, Dembele M, Beland M, Massoud AH, Mindt BC, Fiter R, Fixman ED, Martin JG, Friedel RH, Divangahi M, Fritz JH, Mazer BD. Semaphorin 4C Protects against Allergic Inflammation: Requirement of Regulatory CD138+ Plasma Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:71-81. [PMID: 27881703 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory properties of B cells have been studied in autoimmune diseases; however, their role in allergic diseases is poorly understood. We demonstrate that Semaphorin 4C (Sema4C), an axonal guidance molecule, plays a crucial role in B cell regulatory function. Mice deficient in Sema4C exhibited increased airway inflammation after allergen exposure, with massive eosinophilic lung infiltrates and increased Th2 cytokines. This phenotype was reproduced by mixed bone marrow chimeric mice with Sema4C deficient only in B cells, indicating that B lymphocytes were the key cells affected by the absence of Sema4C expression in allergic inflammation. We determined that Sema4C-deficient CD19+CD138+ cells exhibited decreased IL-10 and increased IL-4 expression in vivo and in vitro. Adoptive transfer of Sema4c-/- CD19+CD138+ cells induced marked pulmonary inflammation, eosinophilia, and increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid IL-4 and IL-5, whereas adoptive transfer of wild-type CD19+CD138+IL-10+ cells dramatically decreased allergic airway inflammation in wild-type and Sema4c-/- mice. This study identifies a novel pathway by which Th2-mediated immune responses are regulated. It highlights the importance of plasma cells as regulatory cells in allergic inflammation and suggests that CD138+ B cells contribute to cytokine balance and are important for maintenance of immune homeostasis in allergic airways disease. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Sema4C is critical for optimal regulatory cytokine production in CD138+ B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Xue
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Gabriel N Kaufman
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Marieme Dembele
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada.,Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Marianne Beland
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Amir H Massoud
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Barbara C Mindt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ryan Fiter
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth D Fixman
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Roland H Friedel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029; and
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jörg H Fritz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Bruce D Mazer
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases Program, Meakins Christie Laboratories, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada; .,Department of Pediatrics, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, Canada
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Cai H, Chen S, Xu S, Sun Y, Bai Q, Lu C, Chen Y, Fu X, Xu G, Chen L. Deficiency of LIGHT signaling pathway exacerbates Chlamydia psittaci respiratory tract infection in mice. Microb Pathog 2016; 100:250-256. [PMID: 27725282 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
LIGHT, a costimulatory member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (Ig SF), can greatly impact T cell activation. The role of the LIGHT signaling pathway in chlamydial infection was evaluated in mice following respiratory tract infection with Chlamydia psittaci. Compared with wild type (WT) mice, LIGHT knockout (KO) mice showed significant reduction of body weight, much lower survival rate, higher bacterial burden, prolonged infection time courses and more severe pathological changes in lung tissue. The mRNA levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-12 in the lung tissue of LIGHT KO mice were significantly lower than those in WT mice. While there was no obvious difference in the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleens of the two groups of mice, there was a markedly elevated percentage of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ Treg cells in LIGHT KO mice. Together, these results demonstrate that the LIGHT signaling pathway is not only required for inflammatory cytokine production as part of the host response to chlamydial infection, but also influences the differentiation of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ Treg cells, both of which may be essential for control of C. psittaci respiratory tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengling Cai
- College of Public Health, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd., Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Medical College, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd., Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Shenghua Chen
- Medical College, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd., Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Sha Xu
- College of Public Health, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd., Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yuanbin Sun
- College of Public Health, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd., Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Qinqin Bai
- College of Public Health, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd., Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Chunxue Lu
- Medical College, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd., Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yuyu Chen
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 421000, China
| | - Xizong Fu
- College of Public Health, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd., Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Guilian Xu
- Institute of Immunology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Lili Chen
- College of Public Health, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd., Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Feng C, Tan M, Sun W, Shi Y, Xing Z. Attenuation of the influenza virus by microRNA response element in vivo and protective efficacy against 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus in mice. Int J Infect Dis 2015; 38:146-52. [PMID: 26163223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2009 influenza pandemics underscored the need for effective vaccines to block the spread of influenza virus infection. Most live attenuated vaccines utilize cold-adapted, temperature-sensitive virus. An alternative to live attenuated virus is presented here, based on microRNA-induced gene silencing. METHODS In this study, miR-let-7b target sequences were inserted into the H1N1 genome to engineer a recombinant virus - miRT-H1N1. Female BALB/c mice were vaccinated intranasally with the miRT-H1N1 and challenged with a lethal dose of homologous virus. RESULTS This miRT-H1N1 virus was attenuated in mice, while it exhibited wild-type characteristics in chicken embryos. Mice vaccinated intranasally with the miRT-H1N1 responded with robust immunity that protected the vaccinated mice from a lethal challenge with the wild-type 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the influenza virus containing microRNA response elements (MREs) is attenuated in vivo and can be used to design a live attenuated vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlai Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingming Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenkui Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital affiliated to Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Zheng Xing
- The Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA.
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Raymond WW, Xu X, Nimishakavi S, Le C, McDonald DM, Caughey GH. Regulation of hepatocyte growth factor in mice with pneumonia by peptidases and trans-alveolar flux. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125797. [PMID: 25938594 PMCID: PMC4418689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) promotes lung epithelial repair after injury. Because prior studies established that human neutrophil proteases inactivate HGF in vitro, we predicted that HGF levels decrease in lungs infiltrated with neutrophils and that injury is less severe in lungs lacking HGF-inactivating proteases. After establishing that mouse neutrophil elastase cleaves mouse HGF in vitro, we tested our predictions in vivo by examining lung pathology and HGF in mice infected with Mycoplasma pulmonis, which causes neutrophilic tracheobronchitis and pneumonia. Unexpectedly, pneumonia severity was similar in wild type and dipeptidylpeptidase I-deficient (Dppi-/-) mice lacking neutrophil serine protease activity. To assess how this finding related to our prediction that Dppi-activated proteases regulate HGF levels, we measured HGF in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue from Dppi+/+ and Dppi-/- mice. Contrary to prediction, HGF levels were higher in lavage fluid from infected mice. However, serum and tissue concentrations were not different in infected and uninfected mice, and HGF lung transcript levels did not change. Increased HGF correlated with increased albumin in lavage fluid from infected mice, and immunostaining failed to detect increased lung tissue expression of HGF in infected mice. These findings are consistent with trans-alveolar flux rather than local production as the source of increased HGF in lavage fluid. However, levels of intact HGF from infected mice, normalized for albumin concentration, were two-fold higher in Dppi-/- versus Dppi+/+ lavage fluid, suggesting regulation by Dppi-activated proteases. Consistent with the presence of active HGF, increased expression of activated receptor c-Met was observed in infected tissues. These data suggest that HGF entering alveoli from the bloodstream during pneumonia compensates for destruction by Dppi-activated inflammatory proteases to allow HGF to contribute to epithelial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred W. Raymond
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Shilpa Nimishakavi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Catherine Le
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Donald M. McDonald
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - George H. Caughey
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Meng Y, Yang Y, Lu W, Wang Y, Qian F, Wang X, Zhang Z, Wang W. The inhibition of Platycodin D on Mycoplasma pneumoniae proliferation and its effect on promoting cell growth after anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae treatment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2015; 4:192. [PMID: 25629010 PMCID: PMC4292783 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Platycodin D, extract from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum, is one of the most important monomers of the Qinbaiqingfei pellets (Qinbai) that has already been approved as the first Traditional Chinese Medicine for clinic use as an anti-M. pneumoniae agent. Qinbai constituents Scutellaria baicalensis and Platycodon grandiflorum were used to treat thousands of patients clinically in China each year. In this study, a M. pneumoniae–infected mouse strain, BALB/c, and a human-derived epithelial cell line, A549 type II pneumocytes, were used as experimental model. Anti-M. pneumoniae effect of Platycodin D was measured by the Real-time quantitative PCR, while the cell pathological change with hematoxylin and eosin and the growth recovery effects were determined with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and Trypan Blue dye in the experimental model after M. pneumoniae infection. Our research results showed that Platycodin D could significantly inhibit M. pneumoniae and promote cell growth after anti- M. pneumoniae treatment in the infected cells or mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Meng
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences Harbin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences Harbin, China
| | - Weihong Lu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin, China
| | - Yingyan Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences Harbin, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences Harbin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences Harbin, China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences Harbin, China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences Harbin, China
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Numata M, Kandasamy P, Nagashima Y, Fickes R, Murphy RC, Voelker DR. Phosphatidylinositol inhibits respiratory syncytial virus infection. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:578-587. [PMID: 25561461 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m055723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects nearly all children under age 2, and reinfection occurs throughout life, seriously impacting adults with chronic pulmonary diseases. Recent data demonstrate that the anionic pulmonary surfactant lipid phosphatidylglycerol (PG) exerts a potent antiviral effect against RSV in vitro and in vivo. Phosphatidylinositol (PI) is also an anionic pulmonary surfactant phospholipid, and we tested its antiviral activity. PI liposomes completely suppress interleukin-8 production from BEAS2B epithelial cells challenged with RSV. The presence of PI during viral challenge in vitro reduces infection by a factor of >10(3). PI binds RSV with high affinity, preventing virus attachment to epithelial cells. Intranasal inoculation with PI along with RSV in mice reduces the viral burden 30-fold, eliminates the influx of inflammatory cells, and reduces tissue histopathology. Pharmacological doses of PI persist for >6 h in mouse lung. Pretreatment of mice with PI at 2 h prior to viral infection effectively suppresses inflammation and reduces the viral burden by 85%. These data demonstrate that PI has potent antiviral properties, a long residence time in the extracellular bronchoalveolar compartment, and a significant prophylaxis window. The findings demonstrate PG and PI have complementary roles as intrinsic, innate immune antiviral mediators in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Numata
- Department of Medicine, Program in Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Pitchaimani Kandasamy
- Department of Medicine, Program in Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rachel Fickes
- Department of Medicine, Program in Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80045
| | - Dennis R Voelker
- Department of Medicine, Program in Cell Biology, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206.
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Galectin-9 ameliorates respiratory syncytial virus-induced pulmonary immunopathology through regulating the balance between Th17 and regulatory T cells. Virus Res 2014; 195:162-71. [PMID: 25451068 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are characterized by lung inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and hyperresponsiveness. CD4+ T cells play a pivotal role in the development of RSV-induced lung pathology. Thus targeting the activation of CD4+ T cell subsets and enhancing regulatory functions of CD4+ T cells could be an effectively therapeutic approach. In the present study, we showed that RSV-induced lung inflammation can be suppressed by lectin family member Galectin-9 (Gal-9), which is identified as a T-cell immunoglobulin- and mucindomain-containing molecule-3 (Tim-3) ligand (L) and the Gal-9/Tim-3 interaction acts as a specific inhibitor of T helper(Th)1 and Th17 immune responses. Tim-3 expression was up-regulated in RSV-infected mice compared to non-infected controls. Therefore, we constructed a recombinant adenoviral (rAAV) 9-Gal-9 adenoviral plasmid, and administered it intranasally into RSV-infected mice for five times at every other day until day 8 post-infection. We found that Gal-9 administration significantly decreased viral load, inhibited mucus production, and diminished severity of lung pathology which were all induced by RSV infection. Complicated mechanisms were involved in these inhibitory effects, including inhibition of Th17 cell production, induction of regulatory cell expansion, as well as alteration of CD8 T-cell apoptosis. Our findings suggest that regulating the function of the Gal-9/Tim-3 pathway will be an effective and safe approach to treat RSV infection in lungs.
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Li P, Xu X, Cao E, Yu B, Li W, Fan M, Huang M, Shi L, Zeng R, Su X, Shi Y. Vitamin D deficiency causes defective resistance to Aspergillus fumigatus in mice via aggravated and sustained inflammation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99805. [PMID: 24926881 PMCID: PMC4057384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin D plays an important role in pulmonary resistance and immunity, and its deficiency has been linked to various respiratory infections. Little is known about the effect of vitamin D deficiency on host pulmonary defense to Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus). Methods Mice raised on vitamin D sufficient or deficient diets were infected intratracheally with A. fumigatus conidia. Mortality, fungal growth, weight loss and lung histology were monitored. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) were stimulated with A. fumigatus conidia in vitro. The kinetics of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6), chemokines (CXCL1, CCL3), and pattern recognition receptors (Toll-like receptor [TLR] 2, TLR 4 and dectin-1) expression in the lungs and AMs were measured. Results Upon A. fumigatus infection, vitamin D deficient mice showed higher mortality, greater fungal load, and more weight loss than its sufficient counterparts. Vitamin D deficient mice demonstrated aggravated and prolonged histological evidence of lung inflammation as well as enhanced BAL cell counts, dominated by neutrophils after A. fumigatus inoculation. Increased basal levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs and AMs from naïve vitamin D deficient mice were observed. Upon A. fumigatus exposure, vitamin D deficiency led to enhanced and sustained expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1 and CCL3 both in vivo and in vitro. Up-regulation of TLR2, TLR4 and dectin-1was observed in the lungs and AMs from vitamin D deficient mice both at baseline and after A. fumigatus exposure. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency causes defective pulmonary resistance to A. fumigatus in mice, possibly by the enhanced basal expression of pattern recognition receptors and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which induced excessive inflammatory response in response to A. fumigatus challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ehong Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanchun Li
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Fan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Huang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lining Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XS); (YS)
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (XS); (YS)
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Alsuwaidi AR, Albawardi A, Almarzooqi S, Benedict S, Othman AR, Hartwig SM, Varga SM, Souid AK. Respiratory syncytial virus increases lung cellular bioenergetics in neonatal C57BL/6 mice. Virology 2014; 454-455:263-9. [PMID: 24725953 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that lung cellular bioenergetics (cellular respiration and ATP) increased in 4-10 week-old BALB/c mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). This study examined the kinetics and changes in cellular bioenergetics in ≤ 2-week-old C57BL/6 mice following RSV infection. Mice (5-14 days old) were inoculated intranasally with RSV and the lungs were examined on days 1-10 post-infection. Histopathology and electron microscopy revealed preserved pneumocyte architectures and organelles. Increased lung cellular bioenergetics was noted from days 1-10 post-infection. Cellular GSH remained unchanged. These results indicate that the increased lung cellular respiration (measured by mitochondrial O2 consumption) and ATP following RSV infection is independent of either age or genetic background of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed R Alsuwaidi
- Departments of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Alia Albawardi
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Saeeda Almarzooqi
- Departments of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sheela Benedict
- Departments of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Aws R Othman
- Departments of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Stacey M Hartwig
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Steven M Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Abdul-Kader Souid
- Departments of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Gates KL, Howell HA, Nair A, Vohwinkel CU, Welch LC, Beitel GJ, Hauser AR, Sznajder JI, Sporn PHS. Hypercapnia impairs lung neutrophil function and increases mortality in murine pseudomonas pneumonia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:821-8. [PMID: 23777386 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0487oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercapnia, an elevation of the level of carbon dioxide (CO2) in blood and tissues, is a marker of poor prognosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other pulmonary disorders. We previously reported that hypercapnia inhibits the expression of TNF and IL-6 and phagocytosis in macrophages in vitro. In the present study, we determined the effects of normoxic hypercapnia (10% CO2, 21% O2, and 69% N2) on outcomes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia in BALB/c mice and on pulmonary neutrophil function. We found that the mortality of P. aeruginosa pneumonia was increased in 10% CO2-exposed compared with air-exposed mice. Hypercapnia increased pneumonia mortality similarly in mice with acute and chronic respiratory acidosis, indicating an effect unrelated to the degree of acidosis. Exposure to 10% CO2 increased the burden of P. aeruginosa in the lungs, spleen, and liver, but did not alter lung injury attributable to pneumonia. Hypercapnia did not reduce pulmonary neutrophil recruitment during infection, but alveolar neutrophils from 10% CO2-exposed mice phagocytosed fewer bacteria and produced less H2O2 than neutrophils from air-exposed mice. Secretion of IL-6 and TNF in the lungs of 10% CO2-exposed mice was decreased 7 hours, but not 15 hours, after the onset of pneumonia, indicating that hypercapnia inhibited the early cytokine response to infection. The increase in pneumonia mortality caused by elevated CO2 was reversible when hypercapnic mice were returned to breathing air before or immediately after infection. These results suggest that hypercapnia may increase the susceptibility to and/or worsen the outcome of lung infections in patients with severe lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalilah L Gates
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
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Oh JW. The efficacy of glucocorticoid on macrolide resistant Mycoplasma pneumonia in children. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013; 6:3-5. [PMID: 24404386 PMCID: PMC3881397 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2014.6.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Won Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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50
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Xu X, Greenland J, Baluk P, Adams A, Bose O, McDonald DM, Caughey GH. Cathepsin L protects mice from mycoplasmal infection and is essential for airway lymphangiogenesis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:437-44. [PMID: 23600672 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0016oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin L (Ctsl) is a proposed therapeutic target to control inflammatory responses in a number of disease states. However, Ctsl is thought to support host defense via its involvement in antigen presentation pathways. Hypothesizing that Ctsl helps combat bacterial infection, we investigated its role in Mycoplasma pulmonis-infected mice as a model of acute and chronic infectious airway inflammation. Responses to the airway inoculation of mycoplasma were compared in Ctsl(-/-) and Ctsl(+/+) mice. After infection, Ctsl(-/-) mice demonstrated more body weight loss, greater mortality (22% versus 0%, respectively), and heavier lungs than Ctsl(+/+) mice, but had smaller bronchial lymph nodes. The burden of live mycoplasma in lungs was 247-fold greater in Ctsl(-/-) mice than in Ctsl(+/+) mice after infection for 3 days. Ctsl(-/-) mice exhibited more severe pneumonia and neutrophil-rich, airway-occlusive exudates, which developed more rapidly than in Ctsl(+/+) mice. Compared with the conspicuous remodeling of lymphatics after infection in Ctsl(+/+) mice, little lymphangiogenesis occurred in Ctsl(-/-) mice, but blood vessel remodeling and tissue inflammation were similarly severe. Titers of mycoplasma-reactive IgM, IgA, and IgG in blood in response to live and heat-killed organisms were similar to those in Ctsl(+/+) mice. However, enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays revealed profound reductions in the cellular IFN-γ response to mycoplasma antigen. These findings suggest that Ctsl helps contain mycoplasma infection by supporting lymphangiogenesis and cellular immune responses to infection, and our findings predict that the therapeutic inhibition of Ctsl could increase the severity of mycoplasmal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
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