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Missarova A, Dann E, Rosen L, Satija R, Marioni J. Leveraging neighborhood representations of single-cell data to achieve sensitive DE testing with miloDE. Genome Biol 2024; 25:189. [PMID: 39026254 PMCID: PMC11256449 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-024-03334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA-sequencing enables testing for differential expression (DE) between conditions at a cell type level. While powerful, one of the limitations of such approaches is that the sensitivity of DE testing is dictated by the sensitivity of clustering, which is often suboptimal. To overcome this, we present miloDE-a cluster-free framework for DE testing (available as an open-source R package). We illustrate the performance of miloDE on both simulated and real data. Using miloDE, we identify a transient hemogenic endothelia-like state in mouse embryos lacking Tal1 and detect distinct programs during macrophage activation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alsu Missarova
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma Dann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leah Rosen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rahul Satija
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, NYU, New York, USA.
- New York Genome Center, New York, USA.
| | - John Marioni
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK.
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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2
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Carrara SC, Davila-Lezama A, Cabriel C, Berenschot EJ, Krol S, Gardeniers J, Izeddin I, Kolmar H, Susarrey-Arce A. 3D topographies promote macrophage M2d-Subset differentiation. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100897. [PMID: 38169974 PMCID: PMC10758855 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In vitro cellular models denote a crucial part of drug discovery programs as they aid in identifying successful drug candidates based on their initial efficacy and potency. While tremendous headway has been achieved in improving 2D and 3D culture techniques, there is still a need for physiologically relevant systems that can mimic or alter cellular responses without the addition of external biochemical stimuli. A way forward to alter cellular responses is using physical cues, like 3D topographical inorganic substrates, to differentiate macrophage-like cells. Herein, protein secretion and gene expression markers for various macrophage subsets cultivated on a 3D topographical substrate are investigated. The results show that macrophages differentiate into anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages, secreting increased IL-10 levels compared to the controls. Remarkably, these macrophage cells are differentiated into the M2d subset, making up the main component of tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), as measured by upregulated Il-10 and Vegf mRNA. M2d subset differentiation is attributed to the topographical substrates with 3D fractal-like geometries arrayed over the surface, else primarily achieved by tumour-associated factors in vivo. From a broad perspective, this work paves the way for implementing 3D topographical inorganic surfaces for drug discovery programs, harnessing the advantages of in vitro assays without external stimulation and allowing the rapid characterisation of therapeutic modalities in physiologically relevant environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania C. Carrara
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Amanda Davila-Lezama
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (FACISALUD), Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Universitario 1000, Valle de las Palmas, 22260 Tijuana, Mexico
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Clément Cabriel
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Erwin J.W. Berenschot
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Silke Krol
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
- Encytos B.V., Piet Heinstraat 12, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - J.G.E. Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Ignacio Izeddin
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, Université PSL, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Arturo Susarrey-Arce
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
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Zhang T, Zhang M, Yang L, Gao L, Sun W. Potential targeted therapy based on deep insight into the relationship between the pulmonary microbiota and immune regulation in lung fibrosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1032355. [PMID: 36761779 PMCID: PMC9904240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1032355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is an irreversible disease, and its mechanism is unclear. The lung is a vital organ connecting the respiratory tract and the outside world. The changes in lung microbiota affect the progress of lung fibrosis. The latest research showed that lung microbiota differs in healthy people, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and acute exacerbation-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (AE-IPF). How to regulate the lung microbiota and whether the potential regulatory mechanism can become a necessary targeted treatment of IPF are unclear. Some studies showed that immune response and lung microbiota balance and maintain lung homeostasis. However, unbalanced lung homeostasis stimulates the immune response. The subsequent biological effects are closely related to lung fibrosis. Core fucosylation (CF), a significant protein functional modification, affects the lung microbiota. CF regulates immune protein modifications by regulating key inflammatory factors and signaling pathways generated after immune response. The treatment of immune regulation, such as antibiotic treatment, vitamin D supplementation, and exosome micro-RNAs, has achieved an initial effect in clearing the inflammatory storm induced by an immune response. Based on the above, the highlight of this review is clarifying the relationship between pulmonary microbiota and immune regulation and identifying the correlation between the two, the impact on pulmonary fibrosis, and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Liqing Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyun Gao
- Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China,Medical College, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China,Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan, China,*Correspondence: Wei Sun, ; Lingyun Gao,
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China,Medical College, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Wei Sun, ; Lingyun Gao,
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4
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Wan X, Xiao Y, Tian X, Lu Y, Chu H. Selective depletion of CD11b-positive monocytes/macrophages potently suppresses bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109570. [PMID: 36700767 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of pathogenesis underlying idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is still limited presently. Monocytes or macrophages are involved in progression of the pulmonary injury and repair. The aim of this study is to investigate the roles of CD11b+ monocytes/macrophages in the progression of pulmonary fibrosis. In this study, the expression levels of CD11B gene and inflammatory genes in the IPF patients are evaluated using the available datasets. CD11b cells are conditionally depleted in a CD11b-diptheria toxin receptor (CD11b-DTR) mouse by administration of diptheria toxin (DT). Pulmonary fibrosis in mice is induced using intranasalbleomycin. The mRNAs and proteins expression in lung tissues are determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence (IF) staining and Western-blot assays. It shows that the expression of CD11B mRNA is up-regulated in fibrotic lungs and alveolar macrophages of IPF patients and bleomycin-treated rodents. Selective depletion of CD11b+ monocytes/macrophages in CD11b-DTR mice potently halts bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis progression. CD11b depletion inhibits the polarization of macrophages in the fibrotic lungs. Mechanically, CD11b deficiency represses the activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2)/sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) signaling during pulmonary fibrosis. In conclusion, our data suggest that CD11b+ monocytes/macrophages contribute to pulmonary fibrosis and represent a potential therapeutic target for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongtao Xiao
- Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinbei Tian
- Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiqing Chu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Wang Z, Li S, Huang B. Alveolar macrophages: Achilles' heel of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:242. [PMID: 35853858 PMCID: PMC9295089 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01106-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused more than 6.3 million deaths to date. Despite great efforts to curb the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), vaccines and neutralizing antibodies are in the gloom due to persistent viral mutations and antiviral compounds face challenges of specificity and safety. In addition, vaccines are unable to treat already-infected individuals, and antiviral drugs cannot be used prophylactically. Therefore, exploration of unconventional strategies to curb the current pandemic is highly urgent. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) residing on the surface of alveoli are the first immune cells that dispose of alveoli-invading viruses. Our findings demonstrate that M1 AMs have an acidic endosomal pH, thus favoring SARS-CoV-2 to leave endosomes and release into the cytosol where the virus initiates replication; in contrast, M2 AMs have an increased endosomal pH, which dampens the viral escape and facilitates delivery of the virus for lysosomal degradation. In this review, we propose that AMs are the Achilles’ heel of SARS-CoV-2 infection and that modulation of the endosomal pH of AMs has the potential to eliminate invaded SARS-CoV-2; the same strategy might also be suitable for other lethal respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Wang
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, 100005, Beijing, China
| | - Shunshun Li
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College, China Medical University, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, 100005, Beijing, China. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 430030, Wuhan, China.
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Deyell M, Garris CS, Laughney AM. Cancer metastasis as a non-healing wound. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1491-1502. [PMID: 33731858 PMCID: PMC8076293 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cancer deaths are caused by metastasis: recurrence of disease by disseminated tumour cells at sites distant from the primary tumour. Large numbers of disseminated tumour cells are released from the primary tumour, even during the early stages of tumour growth. However, only a minority survive as potential seeds for future metastatic outgrowths. These cells must adapt to a relatively inhospitable microenvironment, evade immune surveillance and progress from the micro- to macro-metastatic stage to generate a secondary tumour. A pervasive driver of this transition is chronic inflammatory signalling emanating from tumour cells themselves. These signals can promote migration and engagement of stem and progenitor cell function, events that are also central to a wound healing response. In this review, we revisit the concept of cancer as a non-healing wound, first introduced by Virchow in the 19th century, with a new tumour cell-intrinsic perspective on inflammation and focus on metastasis. Cellular responses to inflammation in both wound healing and metastasis are tightly regulated by crosstalk with the surrounding microenvironment. Targeting or restoring canonical responses to inflammation could represent a novel strategy to prevent the lethal spread of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Deyell
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XInstitute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Chimie Biologie et Innovation, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | - Ashley M. Laughney
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XInstitute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
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7
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Fan H, Wu F, Liu J, Zeng W, Zheng S, Tian H, Li H, Yang H, Wang Z, Deng Z, Peng J, Zheng Y, Xiao S, Hu G, Zhou Y, Ran P. Pulmonary tuberculosis as a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:390. [PMID: 33842611 PMCID: PMC8033376 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Prior pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) can cause permanent changes in lung anatomy and is associated with lung function loss. However, it remains unclear whether pulmonary function impairment owing to TB is associated with airflow obstruction, the hallmark of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association and quantify the magnitudes of association between pulmonary TB and COPD, and to evaluate the prevalence of COPD in patients with prior pulmonary TB. Methods We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for studies published from inception to January 1, 2020. Pooled effect sizes were calculated according to a random effects model or fixed effect model depending on heterogeneity. Specific subgroups (different diagnostic criteria, smoking status, income level) were examined. Results A total of 23 articles were included in this study. Compared with controls, patients with pulmonary TB had an odds ratios (ORs) of 2.59 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.12-3.15; P<0.001] for developing COPD. In jackknife sensitivity analyses, the increased risk of prior pulmonary TB remained consistent for COPD; when the meta-analysis was repeated and one study was omitted each time, the ORs and corresponding 95% CIs were greater than 2. Funnel plots of ORs with Egger's linear regression (t=2.00, P=0.058) and Begg's rank correlation (Z=0.75, P=0.455) showing no significant publication bias. Subgroup analysis showed that the same conclusion was still present in never smokers (ORs 2.41; 95% CI: 1.74-3.32; P<0.001), patients with pulmonary TB diagnosed using chest X-ray (ORs 2.47; 95% CI: 1.23-4.97; P<0.001), and low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings (ORs 2.70; 95% CI: 2.08-3.51; P<0.001). The pooled prevalence of COPD in patients with prior pulmonary TB was 21% (95% CI: 16-25%; P<0.001). Conclusions Individuals with prior pulmonary TB have an increased risk and high prevalence of COPD. Future studies identifying the underlying mechanisms for TB-associated COPD and therapeutic strategies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Fan
- The Third Clinical College, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liu
- The First Clinical College, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Zeng
- School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Silan Zheng
- The First Clinical College, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heshen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiqing Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huajing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhishan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieqi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youlan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pixin Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Cheng P, Li S, Chen H. Macrophages in Lung Injury, Repair, and Fibrosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020436. [PMID: 33670759 PMCID: PMC7923175 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis progression in the lung commonly results in impaired functional gas exchange, respiratory failure, or even death. In addition to the aberrant activation and differentiation of lung fibroblasts, persistent alveolar injury and incomplete repair are the driving factors of lung fibrotic response. Macrophages are activated and polarized in response to lipopolysaccharide- or bleomycin-induced lung injury. The classically activated macrophage (M1) and alternatively activated macrophage (M2) have been extensively investigated in lung injury, repair, and fibrosis. In the present review, we summarized the current data on monocyte-derived macrophages that are recruited to the lung, as well as alveolar resident macrophages and their polarization, pyroptosis, and phagocytosis in acute lung injury (ALI). Additionally, we described how macrophages interact with lung epithelial cells during lung repair. Finally, we emphasized the role of macrophage polarization in the pulmonary fibrotic response, and elucidated the potential benefits of targeting macrophage in alleviating pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyong Cheng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China;
| | - Shuangyan Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, China;
| | - Huaiyong Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China;
- Department of Basic Medicine, Haihe Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300350, China;
- Key Research Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention for State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Regenerative Medicine, Tianjin 300350, China
- Correspondence:
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Khaliullin TO, Kisin ER, Guppi S, Yanamala N, Zhernovkov V, Shvedova AA. Differential responses of murine alveolar macrophages to elongate mineral particles of asbestiform and non-asbestiform varieties: Cytotoxicity, cytokine secretion and transcriptional changes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 409:115302. [PMID: 33148505 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human exposures to asbestiform elongate mineral particles (EMP) may lead to diffuse fibrosis, lung cancer, malignant mesothelioma and autoimmune diseases. Cleavage fragments (CF) are chemically identical to asbestiform varieties (or habits) of the parent mineral, but no consensus exists on whether to treat them as asbestos from toxicological and regulatory standpoints. Alveolar macrophages (AM) are the first responders to inhaled particulates, participating in clearance and activating other resident and recruited immunocompetent cells, impacting the long-term outcomes. In this study we address how EMP of asbestiform versus non-asbestiform habit affect AM responses. Max Planck Institute (MPI) cells, a non-transformed mouse line that has an AM phenotype and genotype, were treated with mass-, surface area- (s.a.), and particle number- (p.n.) equivalent concentrations of respirable asbestiform and non-asbestiform riebeckite/tremolite EMP for 24 h. Cytotoxicity, cytokines secretion and transcriptional changes were evaluated. At the equal mass, asbestiform EMP were more cytotoxic, however EMP of both habits induced similar LDH leakage and decrease in viability at s.a. and p.n. equivalent doses. DNA damage assessment and cell cycle analysis revealed differences in the modes of cell death between asbestos and respective CF. There was an increase in chemokines, but not pro-inflammatory cytokines after all EMP treatments. Principal component analysis of the cytokine secretion showed close clustering for the s.a. and p.n. equivalent treatments. There were mineral- and habit-specific patterns of gene expression dysregulation at s.a. equivalent doses. Our study reveals the critical nature of EMP morphometric parameters for exposure assessment and dosing approaches used in toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T O Khaliullin
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America; HELD, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, United States of America.
| | - E R Kisin
- HELD, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, United States of America.
| | - S Guppi
- HELD, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, United States of America.
| | - N Yanamala
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America; Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America.
| | | | - A A Shvedova
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States of America; HELD, NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV, United States of America.
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10
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Laiakis EC, McCart EA, Deziel A, Rittase WB, Bouten RM, Jha J, Wilkins WL, Day RM, Fornace AJ. Effect of 3,3'-Diindolylmethane on Pulmonary Injury Following Thoracic Irradiation in CBA Mice. HEALTH PHYSICS 2020; 119:746-757. [PMID: 32384373 PMCID: PMC8579862 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The molecule 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) is small, a major bioactive metabolite of indole-3 carbinol (13C), and a phytochemical compound from cruciferous vegetables released upon exposure to the gut acid environment. DIM is a proposed anti-cancer agent and was previously demonstrated to prevent radiation damage in the bone marrow and the gastrointestinal tract. Here we investigated the effect of DIM on radiation-induced injury to the lung in a murine model through untargeted metabolomics and gene expression studies of select genes. CBA mice were exposed to thoracic irradiation (17.5 Gy). Mice were treated with vehicle or DIM (250 mg kg, subcutaneous injection) on days -1 pre-irradiation through +14 post-irradiation. DIM induced a significant improvement in survival by day 150 post-irradiation. Fibrosis-related gene expression and metabolomics were examined using lung tissue from days 15, 45, 60, 90, and 120 post-irradiation. Our qRT-PCR experiments showed that DIM treatment reduced radiation-induced late expression of collagen Iα and the cell cycle checkpoint proteins p21/waf1 (CDKN1A) and p16ink (CDKN2A). Metabolomic studies of lung tissue demonstrated a significant dampening of radiation-induced changes following DIM treatment. Metabolites associated with pro-inflammatory responses and increased oxidative stress, such as fatty acids, were suppressed by DIM treatment compared to irradiated samples. Together these data suggest that DIM reduces radiation-induced sequelae in the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evagelia C. Laiakis
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. McCart
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Annabella Deziel
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - W. Bradley Rittase
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Roxane M. Bouten
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jyoti Jha
- Current address: Rise Therapeutics, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - W. Louis Wilkins
- Division of Comparative Pathology, the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute/Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Regina M. Day
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
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11
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Vagima Y, Gur D, Erez N, Achdout H, Aftalion M, Levy Y, Zauberman A, Tidhar A, Gutman H, Lazar S, Israely T, Paran N, Melamed S, Brosh-Nissimov T, Chitlaru T, Sagi I, Mamroud E. Influenza virus infection augments susceptibility to respiratory Yersinia pestis exposure and impacts the efficacy of antiplague antibiotic treatments. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19116. [PMID: 33154422 PMCID: PMC7645720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75840-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Various respiratory viral infections in general and seasonal influenza in particular may increase the susceptibility to bacterial infections. Plague caused by Yersinia pestis endangers large populations during outbreaks or bioterrorism attacks. Recommended antibiotic countermeasures include well-established protocols based on animal studies and corroborated by effective treatment of human cases. Until now, prior exposure to viral respiratory infections was not taken into consideration when selecting the appropriate treatment for plague. Here, we show that as late as 25 days after exposure to influenza virus, convalescent mice still exhibited an increased susceptibility to sublethal doses of Y. pestis, presented with aberrant cytokine expression, and impaired neutrophil infiltration in the lungs. Increased levels of M2 alveolar macrophages and type II epithelial cells, as well as induction in metalloproteases expression and collagen and laminin degradation, suggested that the previous viral infection was under resolution, correlating with enhanced susceptibility to plague. Surprisingly, postexposure prophylaxis treatment with the recommended drugs revealed that ciprofloxacin was superior to doxycycline in mice recovering from influenza infection. These results suggest that after an influenza infection, the consequences, such as impaired immunity and lung tissue remodeling and damage, should be considered when treating subsequent Y. pestis exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Vagima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel.
| | - David Gur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Noam Erez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Hagit Achdout
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Moshe Aftalion
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Yinon Levy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Ayelet Zauberman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Avital Tidhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Hila Gutman
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Shlomi Lazar
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Tomer Israely
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Sharon Melamed
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Tal Brosh-Nissimov
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Assuta Ashdod University Hospital, Ashdod, Israel
| | - Theodor Chitlaru
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Emanuelle Mamroud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness-Ziona, Israel.
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12
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Yao Q, Lan QH, Jiang X, Du CC, Zhai YY, Shen X, Xu HL, Xiao J, Kou L, Zhao YZ. Bioinspired biliverdin/silk fibroin hydrogel for antiglioma photothermal therapy and wound healing. Theranostics 2020; 10:11719-11736. [PMID: 33052243 PMCID: PMC7545989 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Photothermal therapy employs the photoabsorbers to generate heat under the near-infrared (NIR) irradiation for thermal tumor ablation. However, NIR irradiation might damage the adjacent tissue due to the leakage of the photoabsorbers and the residual materials after treatment might hinder the local healing process. A bifunctional hydrogel that holds both photothermal property and potent pro-healing ability provides a viable option to resolve this issue. Methods: In this study, we developed a bioinspired green hydrogel (BVSF) with the integration of bioproduct biliverdin into natural derived silk fibroin matrix for antiglioma photothermal therapy and wound healing. Results: The BVSF hydrogel possessed excellent and controllable photothermal activity under NIR irradiation and resulted in effective tumor ablation both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the BVSF hydrogel exerted anti-inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, and stimulated angiogenesis and wound healing in a full-thickness defect rat model. Conclusion: Overall, this proof-of-concept study was aimed to determine the feasibility and reliability of using an all-natural green formulation for photothermal therapy and post-treatment care.
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13
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Pan L, Lu Y, Li Z, Tan Y, Yang H, Ruan P, Li R. Ginkgo biloba Extract EGb761 Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Experimental Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice by Regulating the Balance of M1/M2 Macrophages and Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB)-Mediated Cellular Apoptosis. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e922634. [PMID: 32799214 PMCID: PMC7448693 DOI: 10.12659/msm.922634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to show whether the standardized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761, a traditional Chinese medicine, has a therapeutic effect on pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Material/Methods Bleomycin (BLM) was used for establishing the PF mouse model. The mice were treated with a gradient of EGb761 for 28 days to determine an appropriate drug dose. On day 28, the effect of EGb761 on lung injury and inflammation was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining and evaluated by pulmonary alveolitis and Ashcroft score. The balance of M1/M2 macrophages was evaluated with the respective markers inducible nitric oxide synthase and and interleukin-10 by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, the expressions of fibrosis-associated protein α-smooth muscle actin (SMA), related inflammatory protein transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, the apoptosis-related proteins B-cell lymphoma-associated X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-2, caspase-3, caspase-9, and phosphorylated nuclear factor (NF)-κB (p65) were assessed by western blot. Results On day 28, PF was induced by treating with BLM, whereas EGb761 suppressed the PF of lung tissue. The BLM-induced imbalance of M1/M2 macrophages was reduced by EGb761. Furthermore, the increasing amounts of α-SMA and TGF-β1 induced by BLM were suppressed by EGb761. In addition, the protein or messenger ribonucleic acid expression levels of phosphorylated NF-κB (p65), caspase-3, and caspase-9 were upregulated, whereas Bax and Bcl-2 were downregulated. Treatment with EGb761 restored the levels of these proteins except for caspase-9. Conclusions This study illustrated the protective effect of EGb761 on BLM-induced PF by regulating the balance of M1/M2 macrophages and NF-κB (p65)-mediated apoptosis. The results demonstrated the potential clinical therapeutic effect of EGb761, providing a novel possibility for curing PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Pan
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yuehong Lu
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhanhua Li
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yuping Tan
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Hongmei Yang
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Ruan
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Ruixiang Li
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
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14
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Zhang V, Ganz T, Nemeth E, Kim A. Iron overload causes a mild and transient increase in acute lung injury. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14470. [PMID: 32596989 PMCID: PMC7322498 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated a strong link between acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and the levels of iron and iron-related proteins in the lungs. However, the role of iron overload in ARDS development has yet to be characterized. In this study, we compared the highly iron-overloaded hepcidin knockout mice (HKO) to their iron-sufficient wild-type (WT) littermates in a model of sterile acute lung injury (ALI) induced by treatment with oropharyngeal (OP) LPS. There were no major differences in systemic inflammatory response or airway neutrophil infiltration between the two groups at the time of maximal injury (days 2 and 3) or during the recovery phase (day 7). Hepcidin knockout mice had transiently increased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein and MPO activity in the lung and BALF on day 3, indicating worse vascular leakage and increased neutrophil activity, respectively. The increased ALI severity in iron-overloaded mice may be a result of increased apoptosis of lung tissue, as evidenced by an increase in cleaved capsase-3 protein in lung homogenates from HKO mice versus WT mice on day 3. Altogether, our data suggest that even severe iron overload has a relatively minor and transient effect in LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Zhang
- Department of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Molecular and Medical PharmacologyUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Department of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Airie Kim
- Department of MedicineDavid Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCAUSA
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15
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van Riet S, van Schadewijk A, de Vos S, Vandeghinste N, Rottier RJ, Stolk J, Hiemstra PS, Khedoe P. Modulation of Airway Epithelial Innate Immunity and Wound Repair by M(GM-CSF) and M(M-CSF) Macrophages. J Innate Immun 2020; 12:410-421. [PMID: 32289801 DOI: 10.1159/000506833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells and macrophages participate in inflammatory responses to external noxious stimuli, which can cause epithelial injury. Upon injury, epithelial cells and macrophages act in concert to ensure rapid restoration of epithelial integrity. The nature of the interactions between these cell types during epithelial repair is incompletely understood. We used an in vitro human coculture model of primary bronchial epithelial cells cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI-PBEC) and polarized primary monocyte-derived macrophages. Using this coculture, we studied the contribution of macrophages to epithelial innate immunity, wound healing capacity, and epithelial exposure to whole cigarette smoke (WCS). Coculture of ALI-PBEC with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated M(GM-CSF) macrophages increased the expression of DEFB4A, CXCL8, and IL6 at 24 h in the ALI-PBEC, whereas LPS-activated M(M-CSF) macrophages only increased epithelial IL6 expression. Furthermore, wound repair was accelerated by coculture with both activated M(GM-CSF) and M(M-CSF) macrophages, also following WCS exposure. Coculture of ALI-PBEC and M(GM-CSF) macrophages resulted in increased CAMP expression in M(GM-CSF) macrophages, which was absent in M(M-CSF) macrophages. CAMP encodes LL-37, an antimicrobial peptide with immune-modulating and repair-enhancing activities. In conclusion, dynamic crosstalk between ALI-PBEC and macrophages enhances epithelial innate immunity and wound repair, even upon concomitant cigarette smoke exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander van Riet
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,
| | | | | | | | - Robbert J Rottier
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Stolk
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Padmini Khedoe
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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16
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Hiremath J, Renu S, Tabynov K, Renukaradhya GJ. Pulmonary inflammatory response to influenza virus infection in pigs is regulated by DAP12 and macrophage M1 and M2 phenotypes. Cell Immunol 2020; 352:104078. [PMID: 32164997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We delineated the expression of DAP12 (DNAX-Activating Protein) and its associated receptors, TREM-1, TREM-2 and MDL-1 in pig alveolar monocyte/macrophages (AMM) that have attained M1 or M2 phenotypes. Pig AMM stimulated in vitro with IFN-γ and IL-4 induced the expression of M1 (TNFα and iNOS) and M2 (ARG1 and no MMR) phenotypic markers, respectively. In influenza virus infected pigs at seven days post-infection, in addition to substantial modulations in the M1 and M2 markers expression, DAP12, TREM-1 and MDL-1 were downregulated in AMM. Thus, DAP12 signaling promoted the anti-inflammatory pathway in AMM of influenza virus infected pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Hiremath
- Food Animal Health Research Program, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA; ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Kaissar Tabynov
- Kazakh National Agrarian University, Almaty 050010, Kazakhstan and Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA.
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17
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The GPR120 Agonist TUG-891 Inhibits the Motility and Phagocytosis of Mouse Alveolar Macrophages. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1706168. [PMID: 32149083 PMCID: PMC7056993 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1706168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Movement and phagocytosis characterize the fundamental actions of macrophages. Although it is known that the free fatty acid receptor GPR120 is expressed in macrophages and regulates cytokine expression to exert anti-inflammatory activities, the effects of GPR120 activation on the motility and phagocytosis of macrophages are not clear. In this study, mouse alveolar macrophages (AM) were stimulated with the GPR120 agonist TUG-891, and the changes in cell motility, intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i), and the ability of phagocytosis were measured. Mouse AM in controls exhibited active movement in vitro, and TUG-891 significantly restrained AM movement. Meanwhile, TUG-891 stimulated a quick increase in [Ca2+]i in AM, which was blocked separately by the Gq protein inhibitor YM-254890, the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor U73122, or depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ store by thapsigargin. The inhibition of AM movement by TUG-891 was eliminated by YM-254890, U73122, thapsigargin, and chelation of cytosolic Ca2+ by BAPTA. Moreover, TUG-891 inhibited AM phagocytosis of fluorescent microspheres, which was also blocked by YM-254890, U73122, thapsigargin, and BAPTA. In conclusion, GPR120 activation in mouse AM increases [Ca2+]i but inhibits the motility and phagocytosis via Gq protein/PLC-mediated Ca2+ release from ER Ca2+ store.
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18
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Beyeler S, Steiner S, Wotzkow C, Tschanz SA, Adhanom Sengal A, Wick P, Haenni B, Alves MP, von Garnier C, Blank F. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes activate and shift polarization of pulmonary macrophages and dendritic cells in an in vivo model of chronic obstructive lung disease. Nanotoxicology 2019; 14:77-96. [PMID: 31556347 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1663954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
With substantial progress of nanotechnology, there is rising concern about possible adverse health effects related to inhalation of nanomaterials, such as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). In particular, individuals with chronic respiratory disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), may potentially be more susceptible to adverse health effects related to inhaled MWCNT. Hazard assessment of such inhaled nanomaterials therefore requires timely clarification. This was assessed in this study using a mouse model of COPD by exposing animals to 0.08 µg/cm2 of MWCNT administered by intratracheal instillation. Treatment with MWCNT induced an accumulation of alveolar macrophages (AMφ) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in COPD mice that increased from 24 h to 7 d. In COPD mice, MWCNT induced a dynamic shift in macrophage polarization as measured by expression of CD38 and CD206, and increased AMφ and lung parenchyma macrophage (LPMΦ) activation with upregulation of co-stimulatory markers CD40 and CD80. Moreover, MWCNT treatment increased the frequencies of pulmonary dendritic cells (DC), leading to an expansion of the CD11b+CD103- DC subset. Although MWCNT did not trigger lung functional or structural changes, they induced an increased expression of the muc5AC transcript in mice with COPD. Our data provide initial evidence that inhaled MWCNT affect the pulmonary mucosal immune system by altering the numbers, phenotype, and activation status of antigen-presenting cell populations. Extrapolating these in vivo mouse findings to human pulmonary MWCNT exposure, caution is warranted in limiting exposure when handling inhalable nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seraina Beyeler
- Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Selina Steiner
- Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Wotzkow
- Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Amanuel Adhanom Sengal
- Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Beat Haenni
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco P Alves
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christophe von Garnier
- Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Blank
- Department of BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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19
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Nie Y, Wang Z, Chai G, Xiong Y, Li B, Zhang H, Xin R, Qian X, Tang Z, Wu J, Zhao P. Dehydrocostus Lactone Suppresses LPS-induced Acute Lung Injury and Macrophage Activation through NF-κB Signaling Pathway Mediated by p38 MAPK and Akt. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081510. [PMID: 30999647 PMCID: PMC6514677 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe clinical disease marked by dysregulated inflammation response and has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Macrophages, which play diverse roles in the inflammatory response, are becoming therapeutic targets in ALI. In this study we investigated the effects of dehydrocostus lactone (DHL), a natural sesquiterpene, on macrophage activation and LPS-induced ALI. The macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and primary lung macrophages were incubated with DHL (0, 3, 5, 10 and 30 μmol/L) for 0.5 h and then challenged with LPS (100 ng/mL) for up to 8 hours. C57BL/6 mice were intratracheally injected with LPS (5 mg/kg) to induce acute lung injury (ALI) and then treated with a range of DHL doses intraperitoneally (5 to 20 mg/kg). The results showed that DHL inhibited LPS-induced production of proinflammatory mediators such as iNOS, NO, and cytokines including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-12 p35 by suppressing the activity of NF-κB via p38 MAPK/MK2 and Akt signaling pathway in macrophages. The in vivo results revealed that DHL significantly attenuated LPS-induced pathological injury and reduced cytokines expression in the lung. NF-κB, p38 MAPK/MK2 and Akt signaling molecules were also involved in the anti-inflammatory effect. Collectively, our findings suggested that DHL is a promising agent for alleviating LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjuan Nie
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhongxuan Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Gaoshang Chai
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yue Xiong
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Boyu Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ruiting Xin
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaohang Qian
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zihan Tang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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20
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Laskin DL, Malaviya R, Laskin JD. Role of Macrophages in Acute Lung Injury and Chronic Fibrosis Induced by Pulmonary Toxicants. Toxicol Sci 2019; 168:287-301. [PMID: 30590802 PMCID: PMC6432864 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A diverse group of toxicants has been identified that cause injury to the lung including gases (eg, ozone, chlorine), particulates/aerosols (eg, diesel exhaust, fly ash, other combustion products, mustards, nanomaterials, silica, asbestos), chemotherapeutics (eg, bleomycin), and radiation. The pathologic response to these toxicants depends on the dose and duration of exposure and their physical/chemical properties. A common response to pulmonary toxicant exposure is an accumulation of proinflammatory/cytotoxic M1 macrophages at sites of tissue injury, followed by the appearance of anti-inflammatory/wound repair M2 macrophages. It is thought that the outcome of the pathogenic responses to toxicants depends on the balance in the activity of these macrophage subpopulations. Overactivation of either M1 or M2 macrophages leads to injury and disease pathogenesis. Thus, the very same macrophage-derived mediators, released in controlled amounts to destroy injurious materials and pathogens (eg, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, proteases, tumor necrosis factor α) and initiate wound repair (eg, transforming growth factor β, connective tissue growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor), can exacerbate acute lung injury and/or induce chronic disease such as fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, when released in excess. This review focuses on the role of macrophage subsets in acute lung injury and chronic fibrosis. Understanding how these pathologies develop following exposure to toxicants, and the contribution of resident and inflammatory macrophages to disease pathogenesis may lead to the development of novel approaches for treating lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Rama Malaviya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
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21
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Lee KM, Morris-Love J, Cabral DJ, Belenky P, Opal SM, Jamieson AM. Coinfection With Influenza A Virus and Klebsiella oxytoca: An Underrecognized Impact on Host Resistance and Tolerance to Pulmonary Infections. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2377. [PMID: 30420852 PMCID: PMC6217722 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is a world health problem and a leading cause of death, particularly affecting children and the elderly (1, 2). Bacterial pneumonia following infection with influenza A virus (IAV) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality but the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not yet well-defined (3). Host resistance and tolerance are two processes essential for host survival during infection. Resistance is the host's ability to clear a pathogen while tolerance is the host's ability to overcome the impact of the pathogen as well as the host response to infection (4-8). Some studies have shown that IAV infection suppresses the immune response, leading to overwhelming bacterial loads (9-13). Other studies have shown that some IAV/bacterial coinfections cause alterations in tolerance mechanisms such as tissue resilience (14-16). In a recent analysis of nasopharyngeal swabs from patients hospitalized during the 2013-2014 influenza season, we have found that a significant proportion of IAV-infected patients were also colonized with Klebsiella oxytoca, a gram-negative bacteria known to be an opportunistic pathogen in a variety of diseases (17). Mice that were infected with K. oxytoca following IAV infection demonstrated decreased survival and significant weight loss when compared to mice infected with either single pathogen. Using this model, we found that IAV/K. oxytoca coinfection of the lung is characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory immune response. We observed early inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production, which in turn resulted in massive infiltration of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes. Despite this swift response, the pulmonary pathogen burden in coinfected mice was similar to singly-infected animals, albeit with a slight delay in bacterial clearance. In addition, during coinfection we observed a shift in pulmonary macrophages toward an inflammatory and away from a tissue reparative phenotype. Interestingly, there was only a small increase in tissue damage in coinfected lungs as compared to either single infection. Our results indicate that during pulmonary coinfection a combination of seemingly modest defects in both host resistance and tolerance may act synergistically to cause worsened outcomes for the host. Given the prevalence of K. oxytoca detected in human IAV patients, these dysfunctional tolerance and resistance mechanisms may play an important role in the response of patients to IAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla M Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Jenna Morris-Love
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Damien J Cabral
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Peter Belenky
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Steven M Opal
- Department of Medicine, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Amanda M Jamieson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Khaliullin TO, Kisin ER, Yanamala N, Guppi S, Harper M, Lee T, Shvedova AA. Comparative cytotoxicity of respirable surface-treated/untreated calcium carbonate rock dust particles in vitro. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 362:67-76. [PMID: 30393145 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate rock dust (RD) is used in mining to reduce the explosivity of aerosolized coal. During the dusting procedures, potential for human exposure occurs, raising health concerns. To improve RD aerosolization, several types of anti-caking surface treatments exist. The aim of the study was to evaluate cytotoxicity of four respirable RD samples: untreated/treated limestone (UL/TL), untreated/treated marble (UM/TM), and crystalline silica (SiO2) as a positive control in A549 and THP-1 transformed human cell lines. Respirable fractions were generated and collected using FSP10 high flow-rate cyclone samplers. THP-1 cells were differentiated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (20 ng/ml, 48 h). Cells were exposed to seven different concentrations of RD and SiO2 (0-0.2 mg/ml). RD caused a slight decrease in viability at 24 or 72 h post-exposure and were able to induce inflammatory cytokine production in A549 cells, however, with considerably less potency than SiO2. In THP-1 cells at 24 h, there was significant dose-dependent lactate dehydrogenase, inflammatory cytokine and chemokine release. Caspase-1 activity was increased in SiO2- and, on a lesser scale, in TM- exposed cells. To test if the increased toxicity of TM was uptake-related, THP-1 cells were pretreated with Cytochalasin D (CytD) or Bafilomycin A (BafA), followed by exposure to RD or SiO2 for 6 h. CytD blocked the uptake and significantly decreased cytotoxicity of all particles, while BafA prevented caspase-1 activation but not cytotoxic effects of TM. Only TM was able to induce an inflammatory response in THP-1 cells, however it was much less pronounced compared to silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur O Khaliullin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Exposure Assessment Branch, 1095 Willowdale road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; West Virginia University, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, PO Box 9229, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Elena R Kisin
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Exposure Assessment Branch, 1095 Willowdale road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - Naveena Yanamala
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Exposure Assessment Branch, 1095 Willowdale road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - Supraja Guppi
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Exposure Assessment Branch, 1095 Willowdale road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
| | - Martin Harper
- Zefon International, 5350 SW 1st Lane, Ocala, FL 34474, USA.
| | - Taekhee Lee
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh Mining Research Division, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, Pittsburgh, PA 15236, USA.
| | - Anna A Shvedova
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, Exposure Assessment Branch, 1095 Willowdale road, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; West Virginia University, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, PO Box 9229, Morgantown, WV, USA.
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23
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Crane MJ, Lee KM, FitzGerald ES, Jamieson AM. Surviving Deadly Lung Infections: Innate Host Tolerance Mechanisms in the Pulmonary System. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1421. [PMID: 29988424 PMCID: PMC6024012 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Much research on infectious diseases focuses on clearing the pathogen through the use of antimicrobial drugs, the immune response, or a combination of both. Rapid clearance of pathogens allows for a quick return to a healthy state and increased survival. Pathogen-targeted approaches to combating infection have inherent limitations, including their pathogen-specific nature, the potential for antimicrobial resistance, and poor vaccine efficacy, among others. Another way to survive an infection is to tolerate the alterations to homeostasis that occur during a disease state through a process called host tolerance or resilience, which is independent from pathogen burden. Alterations in homeostasis during infection are numerous and include tissue damage, increased inflammation, metabolic changes, temperature changes, and changes in respiration. Given its importance and sensitivity, the lung is a good system for understanding host tolerance to infectious disease. Pneumonia is the leading cause of death for children under five worldwide. One reason for this is because when the pulmonary system is altered dramatically it greatly impacts the overall health and survival of a patient. Targeting host pathways involved in maintenance of pulmonary host tolerance during infection could provide an alternative therapeutic avenue that may be broadly applicable across a variety of pathologies. In this review, we will summarize recent findings on tolerance to host lung infection. We will focus on the involvement of innate immune responses in tolerance and how an initial viral lung infection may alter tolerance mechanisms in leukocytic, epithelial, and endothelial compartments to a subsequent bacterial infection. By understanding tolerance mechanisms in the lung we can better address treatment options for deadly pulmonary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amanda M. Jamieson
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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24
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Kulkarni N, Kantar A, Costella S, Ragazzo V, Piacentini G, Boner A, O'Callaghan C. Macrophage Phagocytosis and Allergen Avoidance in Children With Asthma. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:206. [PMID: 30116724 PMCID: PMC6082964 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Airway macrophages perform the crucial functions of presenting antigens, clearing pathogens, and apoptotic cells. Macrophage phagocytosis is increased in adults with mild asthma and allergen exposure is known to activate macrophages. However, it is not clear whether the mechanism behind this is due to a primary defect or environmental factors such as allergen or lipopolysaccaride (LPS) exposure. Our aim was to assess the phagocytic function of airway macrophages in children with mild to moderate asthma after residence in a low allergen\LPS environment at high altitude. Methods: Sputum induction was performed in children with asthma at baseline and after residence for a 3 weeks' period at a high-altitude asthma center that has very low ambient allergen levels. The markers of eosinophilic inflammation (including percentage of macrophage cytoplasm with red hue) and phagocytosis of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled, heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus by airway macrophages was analyzed. Internalized bacteria were quantified using confocal microscopy. Results: The median bacterial count [mean (standard deviation)] per macrophage was significantly lower [39.55 (4.51) vs. 73.26 (39.42) (p = 0.006)] after residence at high altitude. No association was observed between markers of eosinophilic inflammation and bacterial phagocytosis. Conclusions: The results suggest that the mechanism behind the enhanced phagocytosis of bacteria in childhood asthma may be secondary to allergen or possibly LPS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Kulkarni
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmad Kantar
- Pediatric Cough and Asthma Center, Istituti Ospedalieri Bergamaschi, University and Research Hospitals, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Silvia Costella
- High Altitude Paediatric Asthma Centre in Misurina, Pio XII Institute, Belluno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ragazzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Versilia Hospital, Lido di Camaiore, Italy
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics, and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Attilio Boner
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics, and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Christopher O'Callaghan
- Respiratory, Critical Care and Anaesthesia, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Lu J, Xie L, Liu C, Zhang Q, Sun S. PTEN/PI3k/AKT Regulates Macrophage Polarization in Emphysematous mice. Scand J Immunol 2017; 85:395-405. [PMID: 28273403 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; the Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University; Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - L. Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; the Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University; Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - C. Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; the Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University; Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - Q. Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; the Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University; Changsha Hunan Province China
| | - S. Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; the Third XiangYa Hospital of Central South University; Changsha Hunan Province China
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26
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Patel U, Rajasingh S, Samanta S, Cao T, Dawn B, Rajasingh J. Macrophage polarization in response to epigenetic modifiers during infection and inflammation. Drug Discov Today 2016; 22:186-193. [PMID: 27554801 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are a heterogeneous population of phagocytic cells present in all tissues. Recently, several drugs that target the epigenetic machinery have emerged as attractive molecules for treating infection and inflammation by modulating macrophages. Treatment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged macrophages with epigenetic modifiers leads to phenotype switching. This could provide stimulatory/destructive (M1) or suppressive/protective (M2) therapeutic strategies, which are crucial in the cytokine milieu in which the macrophages reside. In this review, we provide an overview of macrophage functional diversity during various diseases, including infection, as well as the current status in the development and clinical utility of epigenetic modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmi Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Sheeja Rajasingh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Saheli Samanta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Thuy Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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27
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Neotuberostemonine attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing the recruitment and activation of macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 36:158-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Wang W, Liu Z, Su J, Chen WS, Wang XW, Bai SX, Zhang JZ, Yu SQ. Macrophage micro-RNA-155 promotes lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice and rats. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L494-506. [PMID: 27371731 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00001.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Micro-RNA (miR)-155 is a novel gene regulator with important roles in inflammation. Herein, our study aimed to explore the role of miR-155 in LPS-induced acute lung injury(ALI). ALI in mice was induced by intratracheally delivered LPS. Loss-of-function experiments performed on miR-155 knockout mice showed that miR-155 gene inactivation protected mice from LPS-induced ALI, as manifested by preserved lung permeability and reduced lung inflammation compared with wild-type controls. Bone marrow transplantation experiments identified leukocytes, but not lung parenchymal-derived miR-155-promoted acute lung inflammation. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of miR-155 in lung tissue was greatly elevated in wild-type mice after LPS stimulation. In situ hybridization showed that miR-155 was mainly expressed in alveolar macrophages. In vitro experiments performed in isolated alveolar macrophages and polarized bone marrow-derived macrophages confirmed that miR-155 expression in macrophages was increased in response to LPS stimulation. Conversely, miR-155 gain-of-function in alveolar macrophages remarkably exaggerated LPS-induced acute lung injury. Molecular studies identified the inflammation repressor suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS-1) as the downstream target of miR-155. By binding to the 3'-UTR of the SOCS-1 mRNA, miR-155 downregulated SOCS-1 expression, thus, permitting the inflammatory response during lung injury. Finally, we generated a novel miR-155 knockout rat strain and showed that the proinflammatory role of miR-155 was conserved in rats. Our study identified miR-155 as a proinflammatory factor after LPS stimulation, and alveolar macrophages-derived miR-155 has an important role in LPS-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China; and
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Wu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - San-Xing Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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29
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Chen NY, D Collum S, Luo F, Weng T, Le TT, M Hernandez A, Philip K, Molina JG, Garcia-Morales LJ, Cao Y, Ko TC, Amione-Guerra J, Al-Jabbari O, Bunge RR, Youker K, Bruckner BA, Hamid R, Davies J, Sinha N, Karmouty-Quintana H. Macrophage bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 depletion in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and Group III pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L238-54. [PMID: 27317687 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00142.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal lung disease of unknown etiology. The development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is considered the single most significant predictor of mortality in patients with chronic lung diseases. The processes that govern the progression and development of fibroproliferative and vascular lesions in IPF are not fully understood. Using human lung explant samples from patients with IPF with or without a diagnosis of PH as well as normal control tissue, we report reduced BMPR2 expression in patients with IPF or IPF+PH. These changes were consistent with dampened P-SMAD 1/5/8 and elevated P-SMAD 2/3, demonstrating reduced BMPR2 signaling and elevated TGF-β activity in IPF. In the bleomycin (BLM) model of lung fibrosis and PH, we also report decreased BMPR2 expression compared with control animals that correlated with vascular remodeling and PH. We show that genetic abrogation or pharmacological inhibition of interleukin-6 leads to diminished markers of fibrosis and PH consistent with elevated levels of BMPR2 and reduced levels of a collection of microRNAs (miRs) that are able to degrade BMPR2. We also demonstrate that isolated bone marrow-derived macrophages from BLM-exposed mice show reduced BMPR2 levels upon exposure with IL6 or the IL6+IL6R complex that are consistent with immunohistochemistry showing reduced BMPR2 in CD206 expressing macrophages from lung sections from IPF and IPF+PH patients. In conclusion, our data suggest that depletion of BMPR2 mediated by a collection of miRs induced by IL6 and subsequent STAT3 phosphorylation as a novel mechanism participating to fibroproliferative and vascular injuries in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Yuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | - Scott D Collum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | - Fayong Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | - Tingting Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | - Thuy-Trahn Le
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Kemly Philip
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | - Jose G Molina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Yanna Cao
- Department of Surgery, UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | - Tien C Ko
- Department of Surgery, UTHealth, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Odeaa Al-Jabbari
- Debakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Raquel R Bunge
- Debakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Keith Youker
- Debakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Brian A Bruckner
- Debakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Rizwan Hamid
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Jonathan Davies
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Debakey Heart & Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
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30
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Chen S, Kammerl IE, Vosyka O, Baumann T, Yu Y, Wu Y, Irmler M, Overkleeft HS, Beckers J, Eickelberg O, Meiners S, Stoeger T. Immunoproteasome dysfunction augments alternative polarization of alveolar macrophages. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1026-37. [PMID: 26990663 PMCID: PMC4987736 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is a central regulatory hub for intracellular signaling by degrading numerous signaling mediators. Immunoproteasomes are specialized types of proteasomes involved in shaping adaptive immune responses, but their role in innate immune signaling is still elusive. Here, we analyzed immunoproteasome function for polarization of alveolar macrophages, highly specialized tissue macrophages of the alveolar lung surface. Classical activation (M1 polarization) of primary alveolar macrophages by LPS/IFNγ transcriptionally induced all three immunoproteasome subunits, low molecular mass protein 2 (LMP2), LMP7 and multicatalytic endopeptidase complex-like 1, which was accompanied by increased immunoproteasome activity in M1 cells. Deficiency of LMP7 had no effect on the LPS/IFNγ-triggered M1 profile indicating that immunoproteasome function is dispensable for classical alveolar macrophage activation. In contrast, IL-4 triggered alternative (M2) activation of primary alveolar macrophages was accompanied by a transcriptionally independent amplified expression of LMP2 and LMP7 and an increase in immunoproteasome activity. Alveolar macrophages from LMP7 knockout mice disclosed a distorted M2 profile upon IL-4 stimulation as characterized by increased M2 marker gene expression and CCL17 cytokine release. Comparative transcriptome analysis revealed enrichment of IL-4-responsive genes and of genes involved in cellular response to defense, wounding and inflammation in LMP7-deficient alveolar macrophages indicating a distinct M2 inflammation resolving phenotype. Moreover, augmented M2 polarization was accompanied by amplified AKT/STAT6 activation and increased RNA and protein expression of the M2 master transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 4 in LMP7(-/-) alveolar macrophages. IL-13 stimulation of LMP7-deficient macrophages induced a similar M2-skewed profile indicative for augmented signaling via the IL-4 receptor α (IL4Rα). IL4Rα expression was generally elevated only on protein but not RNA level in LMP7(-/-) alveolar macrophages. Importantly, specific catalytic inhibition with an LMP7-specific proteasome inhibitor confirmed augmented IL-4-mediated M2 polarization of alveolar macrophages. Our results thus suggest a novel role of immunoproteasome function for regulating alternative activation of macrophages by limiting IL4Rα expression and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chen
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China School of Preclinical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - I E Kammerl
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - O Vosyka
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - T Baumann
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Y Yu
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Y Wu
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - M Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - H S Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-Organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, Freising, Germany
| | - O Eickelberg
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - S Meiners
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University and Helmholtz Zentrum München, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - T Stoeger
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC), Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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31
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Xiang GA, Zhang YD, Su CC, Ma YQ, Li YM, Zhou X, Wei LQ, Ji WJ. Dynamic changes of mononuclear phagocytes in circulating, pulmonary alveolar and interstitial compartments in a mouse model of experimental silicosis. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 28:393-402. [PMID: 27240636 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2016.1188186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Silicosis is a devastating, irreversible lung fibrosis condition exposed to crystalline silica. The mononuclear phagocyte system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of silicosis. OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed to explore the dynamic changes of mononuclear phagocytes in circulating, pulmonary alveolar and interstitial compartments in experimental silicosis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mouse model of lung fibrosis was developed with crystalline silica particles (2 mg/40 μL via oropharyngeal instillation) using male C57BL/6 mice, and were killed on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28. The lung inflammation and fibrosis was investigated using hematoxylin-eosin staining and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) analysis, Masson's trichrome staining, and immunofluorescence. Circulating monocyte subsets (Ly6C(hi) and Ly6C(lo)), polarization state of BALF-derived alveolar macrophages (AMϕ) and lung interstitial macrophages (IMϕ, derived from enzymatically digested lung tissue) were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The percentage of Ly6C(hi) monocytes significantly increased on day 1 after silica exposure, which reached the peak level from day 7 till day 28. Moreover, M2 (alternative activation) AMϕ (PI - CD64 + CD206+) was dramatically and progressively increased from day 1 to day 28. A parallel increase in IMϕ with M2 polarization (PI-CD64 + CD11b + CD206+) was also observed from day 1 to day 28. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate a dynamic view of mononuclear phagocyte change in three compartments after silica challenge, which highlights the remodeling of mononuclear phagocyte system as a potential therapeutic target for silicosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-An Xiang
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China , and
| | - Yi-Dan Zhang
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China , and
| | - Cheng-Cheng Su
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China , and
| | - Yong-Qiang Ma
- b Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China
| | - Yu-Ming Li
- b Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China
| | - Xin Zhou
- b Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China
| | - Lu-Qing Wei
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China , and
| | - Wen-Jie Ji
- a Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China , and.,b Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces , Tianjin , China
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32
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Aung NY, Ohe R, Meng H, Kabasawa T, Yang S, Kato T, Yamakawa M. Specific Neuropilins Expression in Alveolar Macrophages among Tissue-Specific Macrophages. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147358. [PMID: 26900851 PMCID: PMC4764655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the immune system, neuropilins (NRPs), including NRP-1 and NRP-2, are expressed in thymocytes, dendritic cells, regulatory T cells and macrophages. Their functions on immune cells around the neoplastic cells vary into pro-angiogenesis, tumor progression and anti-angiogenesis according to their ligands. Even though NRPs expression on malignant tumors and immune system has studied, a PubMed-based literature query did not yield any articles describing NRPs expression on tissue-specific macrophages. The aims of this study were (i) to detect NRPs expression on tissue-specific macrophages in the brain, liver, spleen, lymph node and lung; (ii) to observe NRPs expression in classes of macrophages, including alveolar macrophages (AMs), bronchial macrophages (BMs), interstitial macrophages (IMs), intravascular macrophages (IVMs) and macrophage subsets (M1, M2 and Mox) in lung; and (iii) to detect the co-expression of NRPs and dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) in AMs. Both NRPs were specifically detected in AMs among tissue-specific macrophages by immunohistochemistry (IHC). NRPs mRNA expression levels were characterized in normal lung by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ-polymerase chain reaction (in situ-PCR). The expression of both NRPs was detected in AMs, BMs and IVMs by IHC. The frequency of NRPs+ AMs in lung tissue adjacent to the cancer margin was significantly higher than the frequencies in inflamed and normal lung tissue. Double and triple IHC demonstrated that NRPs are expressed on all macrophage subsets in lung. Double IHC showed co-expression of DC-SIGN and NRPs in AMs. This study demonstrated for the first time the specific expression of both NRPs in AMs among tissue-specific macrophages and their expression on M1, M2 and Mox macrophages. Furthermore, the possible origin of AMs from blood monocytes could be suggested from a co-expression of NRPs and DC-SIGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naing Ye Aung
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Rintaro Ohe
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hongxue Meng
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Takanobu Kabasawa
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Suran Yang
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kato
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Yamakawa
- Department of Pathological Diagnostics, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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Kumagai K, Tabu K, Sasaki F, Takami Y, Morinaga Y, Mawatari S, Hashimoto S, Tanoue S, Kanmura S, Tamai T, Moriuchi A, Uto H, Tsubouchi H, Ido A. Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic Melanoma B (Gpnmb)-Positive Macrophages Contribute to the Balance between Fibrosis and Fibrolysis during the Repair of Acute Liver Injury in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143413. [PMID: 26599547 PMCID: PMC4657955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma B (Gpnmb), a transmembrane glycoprotein that is expressed in macrophages, negatively regulates inflammation. We have reported that Gpnmb is strongly expressed in the livers of rats fed a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet. However, the role of macrophage-expressed Gpnmb in liver injury is still unknown. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of infiltrating macrophages that express Gpnmb, and the involvement of Gpnmb in the repair process in response to liver injury. Methods C57BL/6J, DBA/2J [DBA] and DBA/2J-Gpnmb+ [DBA-g+] mice were treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) at a dose of 1.0 mL/kg body weight. Mice were sacrificed at predetermined time points, followed by measurement of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and histological examination. Expression of Gpnmb, pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, and profibrotic/antifibrotic factors were examined by quantitative RT-PCR and/or Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry, fluorescent immunostaining and flow cytometry were used to determine the expression of Gpnmb, CD68, CD11b and α-SMA, phagocytic activity, and the presence of apoptotic bodies. We used quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA to examine TGF-β and MMP-13 expression and the concentrations and supernatants of isolated infiltrating hepatic macrophages transfected with siGpnmb. Results In C57BL/6J mice, serum ALT levels increased at two days after CCl4 injection and decreased at four days. Gpnmb expression in the liver was stimulated four days after CCl4 injection. Histological examination and flow cytometry showed that Gpnmb-positive cells were almost positive for CD68-positive macrophages, contained engulfed apoptotic bodies and exhibited enhanced phagocytic activity. Isolated infiltrating hepatic macrophages transfected with siGpnmb showed high MMP-13 secretion. There was no significant difference in the magnitude of CCl4-induced liver injury between DBA-g+ and DBA mice. However, hepatic MMP-13 expression, as well as α-SMA expression and collagen production, increased significantly in DBA-g+ compared with DBA mice. Conclusions Gpnmb-positive macrophages infiltrate the liver during the recovery phase of CCl4–induced acute liver injury and contribute to the balance between fibrosis and fibrolysis in the repair process following acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Kumagai
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazuaki Tabu
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Fumisato Sasaki
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Takami
- Pharmaceutical Care and Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuko Morinaga
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Seiichi Mawatari
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shiroh Tanoue
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shuji Kanmura
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tamai
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Moriuchi
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Uto
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- Center for Digestive and Liver diseases, Miyazaki Medical Center Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | | | - Akio Ido
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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Venosa A, Malaviya R, Gow AJ, Hall L, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Protective role of spleen-derived macrophages in lung inflammation, injury, and fibrosis induced by nitrogen mustard. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1487-98. [PMID: 26475734 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00276.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen mustard (NM) is a vesicant that causes lung injury and fibrosis, accompanied by a persistent macrophage inflammatory response. In these studies we analyzed the spleen as a source of these cells. Splenectomized (SPX) and sham control rats were treated intratracheally with NM (0.125 mg/kg) or PBS control. Macrophage responses were analyzed 1-7 days later. Splenectomy resulted in an increase in lung macrophages expressing CCR2, but a decrease in ATR-1α(+) cells, receptors important in bone marrow and spleen monocyte trafficking, respectively. Splenectomy was also associated with an increase in proinflammatory M1 (iNOS(+), CD11b(+)CD43(+)) macrophages in lungs of NM-treated rats, as well as greater upregulation of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression. Conversely, a decrease in CD11b(+)CD43(-) M2 macrophages was observed in SPX rats, with no changes in CD68(+), CD163(+), CD206(+), or YM-1(+) M2 macrophages, suggesting distinct origins of M2 subpopulations responding to NM. Macrophage expression of M2 genes including IL-10, ApoE, PTX-2, PTX-3, 5-HT2α, and 5-HT7 was also reduced in NM-treated SPX rats compared with shams, indicating impaired M2 activity. Changes in lung macrophages responding to NM as a consequence of splenectomy were correlated with exacerbated tissue injury and more rapid fibrogenesis. These data demonstrate that the spleen is a source of a subset of M2 macrophages with anti-inflammatory activity; moreover, in their absence, proinflammatory/cytotoxic M1 macrophages predominate in the lung, resulting in heightened pathology. Understanding the origin of macrophages and characterizing their phenotype after vesicant exposure may lead to more targeted therapeutics aimed at reducing toxicity and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Venosa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Rama Malaviya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Leroy Hall
- Drug Safety Sciences, Johnson & Johnson, Raritan, New Jersey; and
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey;
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Amaral AFS, Coton S, Kato B, Tan WC, Studnicka M, Janson C, Gislason T, Mannino D, Bateman ED, Buist S, Burney PGJ. Tuberculosis associates with both airflow obstruction and low lung function: BOLD results. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:1104-12. [PMID: 26113680 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02325-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In small studies and cases series, a history of tuberculosis has been associated with both airflow obstruction, which is characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and restrictive patterns on spirometry. The objective of the present study was to assess the association between a history of tuberculosis and airflow obstruction and spirometric abnormalities in adults.The study was performed in adults, aged 40 years and above, who took part in the multicentre, cross-sectional, general population-based Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease study, and had provided acceptable post-bronchodilator spirometry measurements and information on a history of tuberculosis. The associations between a history of tuberculosis and airflow obstruction and spirometric restriction were assessed within each participating centre, and estimates combined using meta-analysis. These estimates were stratified by high- and low/middle-income countries, according to gross national income.A self-reported history of tuberculosis was associated with airflow obstruction (adjusted odds ratio 2.51, 95% CI 1.83-3.42) and spirometric restriction (adjusted odds ratio 2.13, 95% CI 1.42-3.19).A history of tuberculosis was associated with both airflow obstruction and spirometric restriction, and should be considered as a potentially important cause of obstructive disease and low lung function, particularly where tuberculosis is common.
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Affiliation(s)
- André F S Amaral
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Sonia Coton
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Bernet Kato
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Wan C Tan
- University of British Columbia Heart Lung Innovation Center, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Studnicka
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland and Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David Mannino
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eric D Bateman
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sonia Buist
- Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Peter G J Burney
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK For a list of the BOLD collaborators see the Acknowledgements
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Al Faraj A, Shaik AS, Alnafea M. Intrapulmonary administration of bone-marrow derived M1/M2 macrophages to enhance the resolution of LPS-induced lung inflammation: noninvasive monitoring using free-breathing MR and CT imaging protocols. BMC Med Imaging 2015; 15:16. [PMID: 25986463 PMCID: PMC4449577 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-015-0059-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alveolar macrophages, with their high functional plasticity, were reported to orchestrate the induction and resolution of inflammatory processes in chronic pulmonary diseases. Noninvasive imaging modalities that offer simultaneous monitoring of inflammation progression and tracking of macrophages subpopulations involved in the inflammatory cascade, can provide an ideal and specific diagnostic tool to visualize the action mechanism in its initial stages. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to evaluate the role of M1 and M2 macrophages in the resolution of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung inflammation and monitor this process using noninvasive free-breathing MRI and CT protocols. Methods Bone-marrow derived macrophages were first polarized to M1 and M2 macrophages and then labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. BALB/c mice with lung inflammation received an intrapulmonary instillation of these ex vivo polarized M1 or M2 macrophages. The biodistribution of macrophages subpopulations and the subsequent resolution of lung inflammation were noninvasively monitored using MRI and micro-CT. Confirmatory immunohistochemistry analyses were performed on lung tissue sections using specific macrophage markers. Results As expected, large inflammatory areas noninvasively imaged using pulmonary MR and micro-CT were observed within the lungs following LPS challenge. Subsequent intrapulmonary administration of M1 and M2 macrophages resulted in a significant decrease in inflammation starting from 72 h. Confirmatory immunohistochemistry analyses established a progression of lung inflammation with LPS and its subsequent reduction with both macrophages subsets. An enhanced resolution of inflammation was observed with M2 macrophages compared to M1. Conclusions The current study demonstrated that ex vivo polarized macrophages decreased LPS-induced lung inflammation. Noninvasive free-breathing MR and CT imaging protocols enabled efficient monitoring of progression and resolution of lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Al Faraj
- Molecular & Cellular Imaging Lab, Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Asma Sultana Shaik
- Prince Naif Health Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Alnafea
- Molecular & Cellular Imaging Lab, Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia.
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37
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Biomarkers of lung injury in cardiothoracic surgery. DISEASE MARKERS 2015; 2015:472360. [PMID: 25866435 PMCID: PMC4381722 DOI: 10.1155/2015/472360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of pulmonary dysfunction is currently almost entirely based on a vast series of physiological changes, but comprehensive research is focused on determining biomarkers for early diagnosis of pulmonary dysfunction. Here we discuss the use of biomarkers of lung injury in cardiothoracic surgery and their ability to detect subtle pulmonary dysfunction in the perioperative period. Degranulation products of neutrophils are often used as biomarker since they have detrimental effects on the pulmonary tissue by themselves. However, these substances are not lung specific. Lung epithelium specific proteins offer more specificity and slowly find their way into clinical studies.
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38
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Sunil VR, Francis M, Vayas KN, Cervelli JA, Choi H, Laskin JD, Laskin DL. Regulation of ozone-induced lung inflammation and injury by the β-galactoside-binding lectin galectin-3. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 284:236-45. [PMID: 25724551 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages play a dual role in ozone toxicity, contributing to both pro- and anti-inflammatory processes. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a lectin known to regulate macrophage activity. Herein, we analyzed the role of Gal-3 in the response of lung macrophages to ozone. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung tissue were collected 24-72h after exposure (3h) of WT and Gal-3(-/-) mice to air or 0.8ppm ozone. In WT mice, ozone inhalation resulted in increased numbers of proinflammatory (Gal-3(+), iNOS(+)) and anti-inflammatory (MR-1(+)) macrophages in the lungs. While accumulation of iNOS(+) macrophages was attenuated in Gal-3(-/-) mice, increased numbers of enlarged MR-1(+) macrophages were noted. This correlated with increased numbers of macrophages in BAL. Flow cytometric analysis showed that these cells were CD11b(+) and consisted mainly (>97%) of mature (F4/80(+)CD11c(+)) proinflammatory (Ly6GLy6C(hi)) and anti-inflammatory (Ly6GLy6C(lo)) macrophages. Increases in both macrophage subpopulations were observed following ozone inhalation. Loss of Gal-3 resulted in a decrease in Ly6C(hi) macrophages, with no effect on Ly6C(lo) macrophages. CD11b(+)Ly6G(+)Ly6C(+) granulocytic (G) and monocytic (M) myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) were also identified in the lung after ozone. In Gal-3(-/-) mice, the response of G-MDSC to ozone was attenuated, while the response of M-MDSC was heightened. Changes in inflammatory cell populations in the lung of ozone treated Gal-3(-/-) mice were correlated with reduced tissue injury as measured by cytochrome b5 expression. These data demonstrate that Gal-3 plays a role in promoting proinflammatory macrophage accumulation and toxicity in the lung following ozone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasanthi R Sunil
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
| | - Mary Francis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
| | - Kinal N Vayas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
| | - Jessica A Cervelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
| | - Hyejeong Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Rutgers University, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
| | - Debra L Laskin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, United States.
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Andersson-Sjöland A, Hallgren O, Rolandsson S, Weitoft M, Tykesson E, Larsson-Callerfelt AK, Rydell-Törmänen K, Bjermer L, Malmström A, Karlsson JC, Westergren-Thorsson G. Versican in inflammation and tissue remodeling: the impact on lung disorders. Glycobiology 2014; 25:243-51. [PMID: 25371494 PMCID: PMC4310351 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Versican is a proteoglycan that has many different roles in tissue homeostasis and inflammation. The biochemical structure comprises four different types of the core protein with attached glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that can be sulfated to various extents and has the capacity to regulate differentiation of different cell types, migration, cell adhesion, proliferation, tissue stabilization and inflammation. Versican's regulatory properties are of importance during both homeostasis and changes that lead to disease progression. The GAGs that are attached to the core protein are of the chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate type and are known to be important in inflammation through interactions with cytokines and growth factors. For a more complex understanding of versican, it is of importance to study the tissue niche, where the wound healing process in both healthy and diseased conditions take place. In previous studies, our group has identified changes in the amount of the multifaceted versican in chronic lung disorders such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, which could be a result of pathologic, transforming growth factor β driven, on-going remodeling processes. Reversely, the context of versican in its niche is of great importance since versican has been reported to have a beneficial role in other contexts, e.g. emphysema. Here we explore the vast mechanisms of versican in healthy lung and in lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oskar Hallgren
- Lung Biology Lung Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | | | | | - Emil Tykesson
- Lung Biology Matrix Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, BMC D12, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | | | | | - Leif Bjermer
- Lung Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
| | - Anders Malmström
- Lung Medicine and Allergology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund 221 84, Sweden
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Ovchinnikova OA, Folkersen L, Persson J, Lindeman JHN, Ueland T, Aukrust P, Gavrisheva N, Shlyakhto E, Paulsson-Berne G, Hedin U, Olofsson PS, Hansson GK. The collagen cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase is associated with the healing of human atherosclerotic lesions. J Intern Med 2014; 276:525-36. [PMID: 24588843 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute clinical complications of atherosclerosis such as myocardial infarction (MI) and ischaemic stroke are usually caused by thrombus formation on the ruptured plaque surface. Collagen, the main structural protein of the fibrous cap, provides mechanical strength to the atherosclerotic plaque. The integrity of the fibrous cap depends on collagen fibre cross-linking, a process controlled by the enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX). METHODS AND RESULTS We studied atherosclerotic plaques from human carotid endarterectomies. LOX was strongly expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and detected in the regions with ongoing fibrogenesis. Higher LOX levels were associated with a more stable phenotype of the plaque. In the studied population, LOX mRNA levels in carotid plaques predicted the risk for future MI. Within the lesion, LOX mRNA levels correlated positively with levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and negatively with markers of immune activation. The amount of LOX-mediated collagen cross-links in plaques correlated positively also with serum levels of OPG. CONCLUSIONS Lysyl oxidase may contribute to the healing of atherosclerotic lesions and to the prevention of its lethal complications. Mediators of inflammation may control LOX expression in plaques and hence plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- O A Ovchinnikova
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Almazov Federal Heart, Blood and Endocrinology Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
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41
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Keller J, Wohlleben W, Ma-Hock L, Strauss V, Gröters S, Küttler K, Wiench K, Herden C, Oberdörster G, van Ravenzwaay B, Landsiedel R. Time course of lung retention and toxicity of inhaled particles: short-term exposure to nano-Ceria. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:2033-59. [PMID: 25273020 PMCID: PMC4555363 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two Ceria nanomaterials (NM-211 and NM-212) were tested for inhalation toxicity and organ burdens in order to design a chronic and carcinogenicity inhalation study (OECD TG No. 453). Rats inhaled aerosol concentrations of 0.5, 5, and 25 mg/m3 by whole-body exposure for 6 h/day on 5 consecutive days for 1 or 4 weeks with a post-exposure period of 24 or 129 days, respectively. Lungs were examined by bronchoalveolar lavage and histopathology. Inhaled Ceria is deposited in the lung and cleared with a half-time of 40 days; at aerosol concentrations higher than 0.5 mg/m3, this clearance was impaired resulting in a half-time above 200 days (25 mg/m3). After 5 days, Ceria (>0.5 mg/m3) induced an early inflammatory reaction by increases of neutrophils in the lung which decreased with time, with sustained exposure, and also after the exposure was terminated (during the post-exposure period). The neutrophil number observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was decreasing and supplemented by mononuclear cells, especially macrophages which were visible in histopathology but not in BALF. Further progression to granulomatous inflammation was observed 4 weeks post-exposure. The surface area of the particles provided a dose metrics with the best correlation of the two Ceria’s inflammatory responses; hence, the inflammation appears to be directed by the particle surface rather than mass or volume in the lung. Observing the time course of lung burden and inflammation, it appears that the dose rate of particle deposition drove an initial inflammatory reaction by neutrophils. The later phase (after 4 weeks) was dominated by mononuclear cells, especially macrophages. The progression toward the subsequent granulomatous reaction was driven by the duration and amount of the particles in the lung. The further progression of the biological response will be determined in the ongoing long-term study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Keller
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
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Abstract
ABSTRACT: The importance of macrophages in the control of infections has long been documented, but macrophages have also been shown to contribute to severe influenza A virus infections. Macrophage function ranges from highly proinflammatory to wound healing and regulatory and a picture of diverse subsets with considerable plasticity in function and phenotype is emerging. Within the lung three subsets of macrophage populations have been identified: resident alveolar macrophages, interstitial macrophages and exudate-derived macrophages. Here we review model systems and techniques for defining macrophage function in vivo and discuss macrophage infection in vitro. The use of detailed phenotypic approaches and techniques to dissect the role of individual macrophage subsets in vivo promises rapid advances in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlynne Q Nicol
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Bernadette M Dutia
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
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Complement C5a exacerbates acute lung injury induced through autophagy-mediated alveolar macrophage apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1330. [PMID: 25032853 PMCID: PMC4123068 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia has a high mortality and often causes acute lung injury (ALI), which is a serious complication, and is accompanied by high mortality up to 40%. An intense local and systemic inflammation occurs during intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced lung injury resulting from activation of immune responses. It has been reported that one component of complement, C5a, is indispensable for the full development of IR-induced lung injury, whereas the detailed molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. In this study, we found that intestinal IR induced ALI-like symptoms, and C5a receptor (C5aR) expression was upregulated in alveolar macrophages, which are resident macrophages in lung tissue and are important in pulmonary homeostasis. C5a produced during lung injury binds to C5aR in alveolar macrophages, initiates downstream signaling that promotes autophagy, leading to apoptosis of alveolar macrophages. Using Mφ-ATG5−/− mice, in which the atg5 is deficient specifically in macrophages and autophagy is inhibited, we confirmed that in vivo C5a interacting with C5aR induced autophagy in alveolar macrophages, which promoted alveolar macrophage apoptosis. Further study indicated that autophagy was induced through C5aR-mediated degradation of bcl-2. Taken together, our results demonstrated that C5aR-mediated autophagy induced apoptosis in alveolar macrophages, disrupting pulmonary homeostasis and contributing to the development of ALI. This novel mechanism suggests new therapeutic potential of autophagy regulation in ALI.
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Keshari RS, Silasi-Mansat R, Zhu H, Popescu NI, Peer G, Chaaban H, Lambris JD, Polf H, Lupu C, Kinasewitz G, Lupu F. Acute lung injury and fibrosis in a baboon model of Escherichia coli sepsis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:439-50. [PMID: 24066737 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0219oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-induced inflammation of the lung leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which may trigger persistent fibrosis. The pathology of ARDS is complex and poorly understood, and the therapeutic approaches are limited. We used a baboon model of Escherichia coli sepsis that mimics the complexity of human disease to study the pathophysiology of ARDS. We performed extensive biochemical, histological, and functional analyses to characterize the disease progression and the long-term effects of sepsis on the lung structure and function. Similar to humans, sepsis-induced ARDS in baboons displays an early inflammatory exudative phase, with extensive necrosis. This is followed by a regenerative phase dominated by proliferation of type 2 epithelial cells, expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers, myofibroblast migration and proliferation, and collagen synthesis. Baboons that survived sepsis showed persistent inflammation and collagen deposition 6-27 months after the acute episodes. Long-term survivors had almost double the amount of collagen in the lung as compared with age-matched control animals. Immunostaining for procollagens showed persistent active collagen synthesis within the fibroblastic foci and interalveolar septa. Fibroblasts expressed markers of transforming growth factor-β and platelet-derived growth factor signaling, suggesting their potential role as mediators of myofibroblast migration and proliferation, and collagen deposition. In parallel, up-regulation of the inhibitors of extracellular proteases supports a deregulated matrix remodeling that may contribute to fibrosis. The primate model of sepsis-induced ARDS mimics the disease progression in humans, including chronic inflammation and long-lasting fibrosis. This model helps our understanding of the pathophysiology of fibrosis and the testing of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S Keshari
- 1 Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Al Faraj A, Shaik AS, Afzal S, Al Sayed B, Halwani R. MR imaging and targeting of a specific alveolar macrophage subpopulation in LPS-induced COPD animal model using antibody-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1491-503. [PMID: 24711699 PMCID: PMC3969341 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s59394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Targeting and noninvasive imaging of a specific alveolar macrophage subpopulation in the lung has revealed the importance for early and better diagnosis and therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, the in vivo effect of pulmonary administration of iron oxide nanoparticles on the polarization profile of macrophages was assessed, and a noninvasive free-breathing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol coupled with the use of biocompatible antibody-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles was developed to enable specific targeting and imaging of a particular macrophage subpopulation in lipopolysaccharide-induced COPD mice model. Materials and methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry analysis were performed to assess the biocompatibility of PEGylated dextran-coated SPIO nanoparticles. Specific biomarkers for M1 and M2 macrophages subsets were selected for conjugation with magnetic nanoparticles. MRI protocol using ultra-short echo time sequence was optimized to enable simultaneous detection of inflammation progress in the lung and detection of macrophages subsets. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry analysis were finally performed to confirm MRI readouts and to characterize the polarization profile of targeted macrophages. Results The tested SPIO nanoparticles, under the current experimental conditions, were found to be biocompatible for lung administration in preclinical settings. Cluster of differentiation (CD)86- and CD206-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles enabled successful noninvasive detection of M1 and M2 macrophage subpopulations, respectively, and were found to co-localize with inflammatory regions induced by lipopolysaccharide challenge. No variation in the polarization profile of targeted macrophages was observed, even though a continuum switch in their polarization might occur. However, further confirmatory studies are required to conclusively establish this observation. Conclusion Coupling of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with a specific antibody targeted to a particular macrophage subpopulation could offer a promising strategy for an early and better diagnosis of pulmonary inflammatory diseases using noninvasive MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Al Faraj
- King Saud University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Radiological Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Imaging Lab, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Sultana Shaik
- King Saud University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Radiological Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Imaging Lab, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sibtain Afzal
- King Saud University, Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, Asthma Research Chair, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baraa Al Sayed
- King Saud University, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Radiological Sciences, Molecular and Cellular Imaging Lab, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabih Halwani
- King Saud University, Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research, Asthma Research Chair, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Walters DM, White KM, Patel U, Davis MJ, Veluci-Marlow RM, Bhupanapadu Sunkesula SR, Bonner JC, Martin JR, Gladwell W, Kleeberger SR. Genetic susceptibility to interstitial pulmonary fibrosis in mice induced by vanadium pentoxide (V2O5). FASEB J 2013; 28:1098-112. [PMID: 24285090 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-235044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are characterized by injury, inflammation, and scarring of alveoli, leading to impaired function. The etiology of idiopathic forms of ILD is not understood, making them particularly difficult to study due to the lack of appropriate animal models. Consequently, few effective therapies have emerged. We developed an inbred mouse model of ILD using vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), the most common form of a transition metal found in cigarette smoke, fuel ash, mineral ores, and steel alloys. Pulmonary responses to V2O5, including dose-dependent increases in lung permeability, inflammation, collagen content, and dysfunction, were significantly greater in DBA/2J mice compared to C57BL/6J mice. Inflammatory and fibrotic responses persisted for 4 mo in DBA/2J mice, while limited responses in C57BL/6J mice resolved. We investigated the genetic basis for differential responses through genetic mapping of V2O5-induced lung collagen content in BXD recombinant inbred (RI) strains and identified significant linkage on chromosome 4 with candidate genes that associate with V2O5-induced collagen content across the RI strains. Results suggest that V2O5 may induce pulmonary fibrosis through mechanisms distinct from those in other models of pulmonary fibrosis. These findings should further advance our understanding of mechanisms involved in ILD and thereby aid in identification of new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne M Walters
- 1Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, 6N-98, East Carolina University, 600 Moye Blvd., Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
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Ji WJ, Ma YQ, Zhou X, Zhang YD, Lu RY, Guo ZZ, Sun HY, Hu DC, Yang GH, Li YM, Wei LQ. Spironolactone attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury partially via modulating mononuclear phagocyte phenotype switching in circulating and alveolar compartments. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81090. [PMID: 24260540 PMCID: PMC3834272 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent experimental studies provide evidence indicating that manipulation of the mononuclear phagocyte phenotype could be a feasible approach to alter the severity and persistence of pulmonary injury and fibrosis. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) has been reported as a target to regulate macrophage polarization. The present work was designed to investigate the therapeutic potential of MR antagonism in bleomycin-induced acute lung injury and fibrosis. Methodology/Principal Findings We first demonstrated the expression of MR in magnetic bead-purified Ly6G-/CD11b+ circulating monocytes and in alveolar macrophages harvested in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from C57BL/6 mice. Then, a pharmacological intervention study using spironolactone (20mg/kg/day by oral gavage) revealed that MR antagonism led to decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, cytokine production (downregulated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, transforming growth factor β1, and interleukin-1β at mRNA and protein levels) and collagen deposition (decreased lung total hydroxyproline content and collagen positive area by Masson’ trichrome staining) in bleomycin treated (2.5mg/kg, via oropharyngeal instillation) male C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, serial flow cytometry analysis in blood, BALF and enzymatically digested lung tissue, revealed that spironolactone could partially inhibit bleomycin-induced circulating Ly6Chi monocyte expansion, and reduce alternative activation (F4/80+CD11c+CD206+) of mononuclear phagocyte in alveoli, whereas the phenotype of interstitial macrophage (F4/80+CD11c-) remained unaffected by spironolactone during investigation. Conclusions/Significance The present work provides the experimental evidence that spironolactone could attenuate bleomycin-induced acute pulmonary injury and fibrosis, partially via inhibition of MR-mediated circulating monocyte and alveolar macrophage phenotype switching.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Lung Injury/chemically induced
- Acute Lung Injury/drug therapy
- Acute Lung Injury/metabolism
- Acute Lung Injury/pathology
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Ly/genetics
- Antigens, Ly/metabolism
- Bleomycin
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology
- Chemokine CCL2/genetics
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Interleukin-1beta/genetics
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Macrophages, Alveolar/drug effects
- Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism
- Macrophages, Alveolar/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Monocytes/pathology
- Phenotype
- Pulmonary Alveoli/drug effects
- Pulmonary Alveoli/metabolism
- Pulmonary Alveoli/pathology
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/chemically induced
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/drug therapy
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology
- Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/genetics
- Receptors, Mineralocorticoid/metabolism
- Spironolactone/pharmacology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/genetics
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (WJJ) ; (LQW)
| | - Yong-Qiang Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi-Dan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui-Yi Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao-Zeng Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Hai-Ying Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Dao-Chuan Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Guo-Hong Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Ming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Target Organ Injury, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Center, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu-Qing Wei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Pingjin Hospital, Logistics University of the Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Tianjin, China
- * E-mail: (WJJ) ; (LQW)
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Caswell JL. Failure of respiratory defenses in the pathogenesis of bacterial pneumonia of cattle. Vet Pathol 2013; 51:393-409. [PMID: 24021557 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813502821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory system is well defended against inhaled bacteria by a dynamic system of interacting layers, including mucociliary clearance, host defense factors including antimicrobial peptides in the epithelial lining fluid, proinflammatory responses of the respiratory epithelium, resident alveolar macrophages, and recruited neutrophils and monocytes. Nevertheless, these manifold defenses are susceptible to failure as a result of stress, glucocorticoids, viral infections, abrupt exposure to cold air, and poor air quality. When some of these defenses fail, the lung can be colonized by bacterial pathogens that are equipped to evade the remaining defenses, resulting in the development of pneumonia. This review considers the mechanisms by which these predisposing factors compromise the defenses of the lung, with a focus on the development of bacterial pneumonia in cattle and supplemented with advances based on mouse models and the study of human disease. Deepening our understanding of how the respiratory defenses fail is expected to lead to interventions that restore these dynamic immune responses and prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Caswell
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Roquefort cheese proteins inhibit Chlamydia pneumoniae propagation and LPS-induced leukocyte migration. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:140591. [PMID: 23737705 PMCID: PMC3655667 DOI: 10.1155/2013/140591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation in atherosclerosis, which could be associated with some subclinical infections such as C. pneumoniae, is one of the key factors responsible for the development of clinical complications of this disease. We report that a proprietary protein extract isolated from Roquefort cheese inhibits the propagation of C. pneumoniae in a human HL cell line in a dose-dependent manner, as revealed by the immunofluorescence analysis. These changes were accompanied by a significant reduction in the infective progeny formation over the protein extract range of 0.12–0.5 μg/mL. Moreover, short term feeding of mice with Roquefort cheese (twice, 10 mg per mouse with an interval of 24 hours) led to the inhibition of the migration of peritoneal leukocytes caused by intraperitoneal injection of E. coli lipopolysaccharide. These changes were complemented by a reduction in neutrophil count and a relative increase in peritoneal macrophages, suggesting that ingestion of Roquefort could promote regenerative processes at the site of inflammation. The ability of this protein to inhibit propagation of Chlamydia infection, as well as the anti-inflammatory and proregenerative effects of Roquefort itself, may contribute to the low prevalence of cardiovascular mortality in France where consumption of fungal fermented cheeses is the highest in the world.
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