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Vossgaetter L, Dudeck T, Crouch J, Cope M, Ivanova T, Siyan I, Niyaz A, Riyaz M, Araujo G. Non-invasive methods characterise the world's largest tiger shark aggregation in Fuvahmulah, Maldives. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21998. [PMID: 39313535 PMCID: PMC11420367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-73079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tiger sharks are apex predators with a circumglobal tropical and warm-temperate distribution, with a general lack of population data for the central Indian Ocean. In Fuvahmulah, Maldives, tiger sharks display frequent use of the harbour area, attracted by discarded fish waste. Here, we document the population structure, residency, and reproductive characteristics of the world's largest known tiger shark aggregation in a geographically-restricted area. Using non-invasive methods, photo identification and laser photogrammetry, we identified 239 individual tiger sharks over a 7-year study period. The aggregation was female-dominated (84.5%), with both large juveniles and adults present. Adult females were resighted over the entire study period displaying strong inter- and intra-annual site fidelity. Modelled residency using maximum likelihood methods suggests they spent 60.7 ± S.E. 7.5 days in Fuvahmulah, with a larger aggregation size, shorter residence periods and longer absence periods compared to juvenile females. Prolonged abdominal distensions of adult females indicate they likely stay near Fuvahmulah during gestation and reproduce biennially. Fuvahmulah seems to provide suitable conditions for gestation given the year-round provision of food and warm waters, exhibited by strong site fidelity and temporal residency. Our results show indications of a thriving population within the confines of protected waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Vossgaetter
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, 28334, Bremen, Germany.
- University of Bremen, 28334, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Tim Dudeck
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, 28334, Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, 28334, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jamie Crouch
- Fuvahmulah Dive School, Fuvahmulah, 18011, Maldives
| | - Maiah Cope
- Fuvahmulah Dive School, Fuvahmulah, 18011, Maldives
| | | | | | | | | | - Gonzalo Araujo
- Marine Research and Conservation Foundation, Lydeard St Lawrence, Somerset, UK
- Environmental Science Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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2
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Iglesias B, Giménez J, Preciado I, Méndez-Fernández P, Chouvelon T, Lambrechts A, Bustamante P, Fort J, Goñi N, Spitz J, Astarloa A, Louzao M. Trophic guilds and niche segregation among marine megafauna in the Bay of Biscay. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 202:106751. [PMID: 39303653 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
The structure and functioning of ecosystems are largely determined by the interactions between species within a biological community. Among these interactions, species exhibiting similar vertical and spatial prey preferences can be identified, thereby belonging to the same trophic guild. Our study explored some trophic characteristics of a diverse megafaunal community (cetaceans, tunas, seabirds) in the Bay of Biscay (BoB). Using stable isotope analysis (SIA), we explored the dietary habits and niche overlap among predators. The degree of isotopic niche overlap was generally low, but with certain species exhibiting large and narrow isotopic niche areas (long-finned pilot whales and Balearic shearwaters, respectively). Our results revealed a diversity of dietary preferences leading to the identification of three distinct trophic guilds based on prey functional groups and spatial preferences: cephalopod feeders (e.g. long-finned pilot whales, Cuvier's beaked whales, striped dolphins), crustacean feeders (e.g. fin whales, albacores), and piscivores (e.g. common dolphins, harbour porpoises, bottlenose dolphins, Atlantic bluefin tunas, Balearic shearwaters). Our findings showed resource partitioning and niche differentiation among the megafaunal community, highlighting the complexity of BoB's marine ecosystem. The insights derived from this study hold important implications for ecosystem management and the implementation of conservation initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beñat Iglesias
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Pasaia, Spain.
| | - Joan Giménez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Fuengirola, Spain
| | - Izaskun Preciado
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Santander, Spain
| | - Paula Méndez-Fernández
- Ifremer, Unité Contamination Chimique Des Écosystèmes Marins (CCEM), Centre Atlantique, Nantes, France; Observatoire Pelagis, UAR 3462 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Tiphaine Chouvelon
- Ifremer, Unité Contamination Chimique Des Écosystèmes Marins (CCEM), Centre Atlantique, Nantes, France; Observatoire Pelagis, UAR 3462 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Adrien Lambrechts
- Office Français de la Biodiversité (OFB), Délégation de façade Atlantique, Nantes, France
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral Environnement Et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Jérôme Fort
- Littoral Environnement Et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France
| | - Nicolás Goñi
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Turku, Finland
| | - Jérôme Spitz
- Observatoire Pelagis, UAR 3462 CNRS-La Rochelle Université, La Rochelle, France; Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372, CNRS-La Rochelle Université, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - Amaia Astarloa
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Pasaia, Spain
| | - Maite Louzao
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Pasaia, Spain
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Jordán F, Capelli G, Primicerio R, Hidas A, Fábián V, Patonai K, Bodini A. Spatial food webs in the Barents Sea: atlantification and the reorganization of the trophic structure. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230164. [PMID: 39034707 PMCID: PMC11293864 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change affects ecosystems at several levels: by altering the spatial distribution of individual species, by locally rewiring interspecific interactions, and by reorganizing trophic networks at larger scales. The dynamics of marine food webs are becoming more and more sensitive to spatial processes and connections in the seascape. As a case study, we study the atlantification of the Barents Sea: we compare spatio-temporal subsystems at three levels: the identity of key organisms, critically important interactions and the entire food web. Network analysis offers quantitative measurements, including centrality indices, trophic similarity indices, a topological measure of interaction asymmetry and network-level measures. We found that atlantification alters the identity of key species (boreal demersals becoming hubs), results in strongly asymmetric interactions (dominated by haddock), changes the dominant regulation regime (from bottom-up to wasp-waist control) and makes the food web less modular. Since the results of food web analysis may be quite sensitive to network construction, the aggregation of food web data was explicitly studied to increase the robustness of food web analysis. We found that an alternative, mathematical aggregation algorithm better preserves some network properties (e.g. density) of the original, unaggregated network than the biologically inspired aggregation into functional groups. This article is part of the theme issue 'Connected interactions: enriching food web research by spatial and social interactions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Jordán
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma43124, Italy
- KeyNode Research Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Greta Capelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma43124, Italy
- Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economy, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, TromsoN-9037, Norway
| | - Raul Primicerio
- Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economy, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, TromsoN-9037, Norway
| | - András Hidas
- KeyNode Research Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest1113, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest1053, Hungary
| | | | - Katalin Patonai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, MontréalH2V 0B3, Canada
| | - Antonio Bodini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma43124, Italy
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Vigo M, Barría C, Nadal M, Pauly M, Colmenero AI, Garcia-Barcelona S, Navarro J. Feeding strategies of the pelagic stingray (Pteroplatytrygon violacea) in the western Mediterranean Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 200:106651. [PMID: 39059121 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Elasmobranchs play crucial roles as predators in marine ecosystems. Understanding their trophic strategies and interactions is necessary for comprehending food web dynamics and developing ecosystem-based management strategies. Although, feeding strategies can change depending on several factors, including fluctuations in prey availability throughout the year. In this study, we investigated the trophic ecology of the pelagic stingray, Pteroplatytrygon violacea, the only stingray inhabiting the pelagic environment in the western Mediterranean Sea. We found significant temporal differences in diet composition, mostly consuming pelagic zooplankton in spring, whereas benthopelagic teleosts in autumn. After contrasting different studies, P. violacea appears to have a generalist and opportunistic diet consisting of a broad spectrum of pelagic and benthopelagic species, and trophic plasticity in response to environmental fluctuations. Our findings suggest that P. violacea can present different feeding strategies, mainly pelagic, with a relatively low trophic position for a mesopredator compared to other batoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vigo
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Integrative Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), Palermo, Italy.
| | - Claudio Barría
- Association for the Study and Conservation of Elasmobranchs and its Ecosystems (Catsharks), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Animal and Plant Biology and Ecology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Nadal
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matxalen Pauly
- Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga (IEO), CSIC, Fuengirola, Spain
| | - Ana I Colmenero
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain; Association for the Study and Conservation of Elasmobranchs and its Ecosystems (Catsharks), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Joan Navarro
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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Edgar GJ, Bates AE, Krueck NC, Baker SC, Stuart-Smith RD, Brown CJ. Stock assessment models overstate sustainability of the world's fisheries. Science 2024; 385:860-865. [PMID: 39172840 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl6282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Effective fisheries management requires accurate estimates of stock biomass and trends; yet, assumptions in stock assessment models generate high levels of uncertainty and error. For 230 fisheries worldwide, we contrasted stock biomass estimates at the time of assessment with updated hindcast estimates modeled for the same year in later assessments to evaluate systematic over- or underestimation. For stocks that were overfished, low value, or located in regions with rising temperatures, historical biomass estimates were generally overstated compared with updated assessments. Moreover, rising trends reported for overfished stocks were often inaccurate. With consideration of bias identified retrospectively, 85% more stocks than currently recognized have likely collapsed below 10% of maximum historical biomass. The high uncertainty and bias in modeled stock estimates warrants much greater precaution by managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Edgar
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Amanda E Bates
- Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Nils C Krueck
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Susan C Baker
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Rick D Stuart-Smith
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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6
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Gatto JV, Travis J. Different patterns of coupled predator-prey dynamics when the same species interact in different locations. Oecologia 2024; 205:461-471. [PMID: 38995364 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Individual predator and prey species exhibit coupled population dynamics in simple laboratory systems and simple natural communities. It is unclear how often such pairwise coupling occurs in more complex communities, in which an individual predator species might feed on several prey species and an individual prey species might be attacked by several predators. To examine this problem, we applied multivariate autoregressive state-space (MARSS) models to 5-year time-series of monthly surveys of a predatory fish, the eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki), and its littoral zone prey species, the least killifish (Heterandria formosa), in three locations in north Florida. The MARSS models were consistent with coupled predator-prey dynamics at two of the three locations. In one of these two locations, the estimated densities of the two species displayed classic predator-prey oscillations. In the third location, there was a positive effect of killifish density on mosquitofish density but no detectable effect of mosquitofish density on killifish density. In all three locations, increased submergent vegetation cover was associated with increased prey density but not increased predator density. Eigenvalues analyses for the joint predator-prey dynamics indicated that one of the cyclic locations had more stable dynamics than the other locations. The three different patterns demonstrate that the dynamics of a pairwise predator-prey interaction emerge not only from the characteristics of the prey and the predator, but also those of the habitat and trophic web in which the predator and prey are embedded.
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Affiliation(s)
- John V Gatto
- Denver Federal Center, Technical Service Center, Bureau of Reclamation, Building 67, P.O. Box 25007, Denver, CO, 80225, USA
| | - Joseph Travis
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4340, USA.
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7
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Koyama S, Goto Y, Furukawa S, Maekawa T, Yoda K. Hidden rivals: the negative impacts of dolphinfish on seabird foraging behaviour. Biol Lett 2024; 20:20240223. [PMID: 39106947 PMCID: PMC11303019 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2024.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine predators often aggregate at the air-sea boundary layer to pursue shared prey. In such scenarios, seabirds are likely to benefit from underwater predators herding fish schools into tight clusters thereby enhancing seabirds' prey detectability and capture potential. However, this coexistence can lead to competition, affecting not only immediate foraging strategies but also their distribution and interspecies dynamics. We investigated both the longitudinal relationships and instantaneous interactions between streaked shearwaters (Calonectris leucomelas) and common dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus), both preying on Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus). Using GPS data from 2011 to 2021, we calculated behavioural parameters for streaked shearwaters as an index of time spent and distance travelled. Despite the abundance of Japanese anchovies, we found that streaked shearwaters might increase their foraging time in the presence of underwater predators. Moreover, video loggers provided direct evidence of streaked shearwaters and common dolphinfish attacking the same fish schools, potentially interfering with bird foraging by dolphinfish. Our results suggest that the presence of underwater predators in a given patch might increase the time spent by seabirds foraging without affecting the distance travelled. This highlights the need for future studies that consider the potential adverse effects of other top predators on seabird prey availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Koyama
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
| | - Yusuke Goto
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
| | - Seishiro Furukawa
- Niigata Field Station, Fisheries Resources Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Niigata, Niigata961-8121, Japan
| | - Takuya Maekawa
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken Yoda
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya464-8601, Japan
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8
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Lovell MS, Polito MJ, Schuster JA, Shallow EE, Janosik AM, Falterman BJ, Dance MA. Seasonal variability in the feeding ecology of an oceanic predator. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17353. [PMID: 39075103 PMCID: PMC11286940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63557-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Complementary approaches (stomach contents, DNA barcoding, and stable isotopes) were used to examine seasonal shifts in the feeding ecology of an oceanic predator, yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares, n = 577), in the northern Gulf of Mexico. DNA barcoding greatly enhanced dietary resolution and seasonally distinct prey assemblages were observed for both sub-adults and adults. In general, diet was characterized by ommastrephid squids and exocoetids in spring, juvenile fishes (i.e., carangids and scombrids) in summer, migratory coastal fishes during fall, and an increased consumption of planktonic prey (e.g., amphipods) in winter. Seasonal variability in bulk stable isotope values (δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S) was also observed, with low δ15N values and high δ34S values during late summer/early fall and high δ15N values (low δ34S) during late winter/early spring. Bayesian stable isotope mixing models corroborated seasonal diet shifts, highlighting the importance of oceanic nekton in spring/summer, coastal nekton during fall, and oceanic plankton during winter. Seasonal shifts in diet appeared to be influenced by prey reproductive cycles, habitat associations, and environmental conditions. Findings highlight the complex food web dynamics supporting an opportunistic oceanic predator and the importance of seasonal cycles in prey availability to predator resource utilization in open-ocean ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell S Lovell
- Department of Oceanography & Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
| | - Michael J Polito
- Department of Oceanography & Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Josef A Schuster
- Department of Oceanography & Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Emily E Shallow
- Department of Oceanography & Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Alexis M Janosik
- Department of Biology, University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, 32514, USA
| | | | - Michael A Dance
- Department of Oceanography & Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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Costa EFS, Menezes GM, Colaço A. Trait-based insights into sustainable fisheries: A four-decade perspective in Azores archipelago. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173271. [PMID: 38754519 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The trait-based approach provides a powerful perspective for analyzing fisheries and their potential impact on marine ecological processes, offering crucial insights into sustainability and ecosystem functioning. This approach was applied to investigate trends in fish assemblages landed by both local and coastal fishing fleets in the Azores archipelago over the past four decades (1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s). A matrix of ten traits was built to assess functional redundancy (Fred), functional over-redundancy (FOve), and functional vulnerability (FVul) for the fish assemblages caught by every fishing fleet in each decade. The susceptibility of the Azorean fishery to negative impacts on ecosystem functioning was evidenced by low FRed (<1.5 species per functional entity) and high FVul (exceeding 70 %). However, there is reason for optimism, as temporal trends in the 2000s and 2010s showed an increase in FRed and FOve along with a significant decrease in FVul. These trends indicate the adaptation of the fishery to new target species and, notably, the effectiveness of local fish regulations in mitigating the impacts of targeting functionally important species, such as Elasmobranchii, over the past two decades. These regulations have played a pivotal role in preserving ecological functions within the ecosystem, as well as in managing the removal of high biomass of key important species (e.g., Trachurus picturatus, Pagellus bogaraveo, and Katsuwonus pelamis) from the ecosystem. This study contributes to understanding the delicate balance between fishing pressure, ecological resilience, and sustainable resource management in Azorean waters. It also highlights the importance of continued monitoring, adaptive management, and the enforcement of local fishing regulations to ensure the long-term health and sustainability of the fishery and the broader marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eudriano F S Costa
- OKEANOS - Institute of Marine Sciences - OKEANOS, University of the Azores, Rua Professor Doutor Frederico Machado 4, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Instituto do Mar, University of the Azores, Rua Professor Doutor Frederico Machado 4, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal.
| | - Gui M Menezes
- OKEANOS - Institute of Marine Sciences - OKEANOS, University of the Azores, Rua Professor Doutor Frederico Machado 4, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Ana Colaço
- OKEANOS - Institute of Marine Sciences - OKEANOS, University of the Azores, Rua Professor Doutor Frederico Machado 4, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal; IMAR - Instituto do Mar, University of the Azores, Rua Professor Doutor Frederico Machado 4, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
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10
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McPherson L, Badger J, Fertitta K, Gordanier M, Nemeth C, Bejder L. Quantifying the abundance and survival rates of island-associated spinner dolphins using a multi-state open robust design model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14764. [PMID: 38926420 PMCID: PMC11208612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris subsp.) occupy the nearshore waters of several Hawaiian Islands. Due to their constrained behavioral pattern and genetic isolation, they are vulnerable to anthropogenic threats. Their occurrence and behavior are well-described, yet a lack of data on their abundance and survival rates hinders optimal conservation action. Using design-based photo-identification surveys, this study estimated the abundance, apparent survival, and emigration of spinner dolphins off the Wai'anae Coast of O'ahu through multi-state open robust design (MSORD) and POPAN modelling. Eight seasonal field seasons, (two winter, spring, summer, and autumn) each comprised of six surveys of the study area, were completed during two consecutive years. Seasonal abundance estimates derived from the best fitting model ranged from 140 (± 36.8 SE, 95% CI 84-232) to 373 (± 60.0, 95% CI 273-509) individuals and were lowest during winter seasons. The MSORD estimated a survival rate of 0.95 (± 0.02 SE) and a Markovian pattern of temporary emigration. POPAN modelling estimated a super-population size of 633 (± 78 SE, 95% CI 492-798), reflecting the total number of individual dolphins that used the study area during the entire study period. Additional research on circum- and inter-island dolphin movements around and between O'ahu and the Maui Nui region may shed light on both seasonal movement patterns and overall abundance for the O'ahu/4-Islands stock. This work represents the first systematic mark-recapture effort to assess the abundance and survival rates of these highly exposed dolphins, providing valuable insights for conservation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liah McPherson
- Marine Mammal Research Program, Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
| | - Janelle Badger
- Cetacean Research Program, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kyleigh Fertitta
- Marine Mammal Research Program, Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Madison Gordanier
- Marine Mammal Research Program, Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Cameron Nemeth
- Marine Mammal Research Program, Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Lars Bejder
- Marine Mammal Research Program, Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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11
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Zanghi C, Penry-Williams IL, Genner MJ, Deacon AE, Ioannou CC. Multiple environmental stressors affect predation pressure in a tropical freshwater system. Commun Biol 2024; 7:663. [PMID: 38811776 PMCID: PMC11137014 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental change can alter predator-prey dynamics. However, studying predators in the context of co-occurring environmental stressors remains rare, especially under field conditions. Using in situ filming, we examined how multiple stressors, including temperature and turbidity, impact the distribution and behaviour of wild fish predators of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata). The measured environmental variables accounted for 17.6% of variance in predator species composition. While predator species differed in their associations with environmental variables, the overall prevalence of predators was greatest in slow flowing, deeper, warmer and less turbid habitats. Moreover, these warmer and less turbid habitats were associated with earlier visits to the prey stimulus by predators, and more frequent predator visits and attacks. Our findings highlight the need to consider ecological complexity, such as co-occurring stressors, to better understand how environmental change affects predator-prey interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Zanghi
- University of Bristol, School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - Iestyn L Penry-Williams
- University of Bristol, School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Martin J Genner
- University of Bristol, School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Amy E Deacon
- The University of The West Indies, Department of Life Sciences, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Christos C Ioannou
- University of Bristol, School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
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12
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Henderson CJ, Gilby BL, Turschwell MP, Goodridge Gaines LA, Mosman JD, Schlacher TA, Borland HP, Olds AD. Long term declines in the functional diversity of sharks in the coastal oceans of eastern Australia. Commun Biol 2024; 7:611. [PMID: 38773323 PMCID: PMC11109089 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Human impacts lead to widespread changes in the abundance, diversity and traits of shark assemblages, altering the functioning of coastal ecosystems. The functional consequences of shark declines are often poorly understood due to the absence of empirical data describing long-term change. We use data from the Queensland Shark Control Program in eastern Australia, which has deployed mesh nets and baited hooks across 80 beaches using standardised methodologies since 1962. We illustrate consistent declines in shark functional richness quantified using both ecological (e.g., feeding, habitat and movement) and morphological (e.g., size, morphology) traits, and this corresponds with declining ecological functioning. We demonstrate a community shift from targeted apex sharks to a greater functional richness of non-target species. Declines in apex shark functional richness and corresponding changes in non-target species may lead to an anthropogenically induced trophic cascade. We suggest that repairing diminished shark populations is crucial for the stability of coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Henderson
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia.
| | - Ben L Gilby
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Mischa P Turschwell
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Lucy A Goodridge Gaines
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Jesse D Mosman
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Thomas A Schlacher
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Hayden P Borland
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Andrew D Olds
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia
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13
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Gandra M, Winkler AC, Afonso P, Abecasis D. Long-distance migrations and seasonal movements of meagre (Argyrosomus regius), a large coastal predator, along the Iberian Peninsula coast. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2024; 12:35. [PMID: 38725044 PMCID: PMC11080147 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-024-00469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The meagre, Argyrosomus regius, is a large coastal predatory fish inhabiting waters from the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea, where it is targeted by commercial and recreational fisheries. Previous genetic studies have found an unexpectedly high population differentiation not only between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, but also along the Atlantic coast. However, the reasons underpinning this genetic barrier remained unclear. Likewise, even though the species is amongst the world's largest marine teleosts, knowledge about its movement ecology and migratory behaviour remains notably scarce, and primarily reliant on fisheries-dependent data. METHODS In this study, we used a combination of acoustic telemetry and pop-up satellite archival tags to investigate the movements of 22 adult meagre (70-143 cm total length) along the Southwestern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. RESULTS Our results strongly suggest that the previously reported genetic differentiation is not maintained by limited adult dispersal/movement, as hypothesized. On the contrary, we documented some of the longest individual annual migrations ever recorded for a coastal teleost, up to > 2000 km, with frequent back-and-forth movements between the West and Southern Iberian coasts. Moreover, their detected regional movement patterns support the existence of a marked seasonal behavioural shift, with individuals being less active and moving to deeper waters during winter, and are consistent with spawning philopatry associated to their summer reproductive movements. Finally, we identified putative aggregation areas that may harbour important feeding/overwintering grounds. CONCLUSIONS These findings shed new light on the movement and behaviour patterns of meagre that may be of particular importance for the conservation and spatial management of this species throughout its range, and open the door to further research on functional connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Gandra
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of the Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Alexander C Winkler
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of the Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Pedro Afonso
- Institute of Marine Sciences - OKEANOS, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal
- Institute of Marine Research - IMAR, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal
| | - David Abecasis
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of the Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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14
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Ramírez-Mendoza Z, Sosa-Nishizaki O, Pardo MA, Herzka SZ, Wells RJD, Rooker JR, Falterman BJ, Dreyfus-León MJ. Mesoscale activity drives the habitat suitability of yellowfin tuna in the Gulf of Mexico. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8256. [PMID: 38589552 PMCID: PMC11001853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares, represents an important component of commercial and recreational fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). We investigated the influence of environmental conditions on the spatiotemporal distribution of yellowfin tuna using fisheries' catch data spanning 2012-2019 within Mexican waters. We implemented hierarchical Bayesian regression models with spatial and temporal random effects and fixed effects of several environmental covariates to predict habitat suitability (HS) for the species. The best model included spatial and interannual anomalies of the absolute dynamic topography of the ocean surface (ADTSA and ADTIA, respectively), bottom depth, and a seasonal cyclical random effect. High catches occurred mainly towards anticyclonic features at bottom depths > 1000 m. The spatial extent of HS was higher in years with positive ADTIA, which implies more anticyclonic activity. The highest values of HS (> 0.7) generally occurred at positive ADTSA in oceanic waters of the central and northern GoM. However, high HS values (> 0.6) were observed in the southern GoM, in waters with cyclonic activity during summer. Our results highlight the importance of mesoscale features for the spatiotemporal distribution of yellowfin tunas and could help to develop dynamic fisheries management strategies in Mexico and the U.S. for this valuable resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zurisaday Ramírez-Mendoza
- Fisheries Ecology Laboratory, Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica. Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Oscar Sosa-Nishizaki
- Fisheries Ecology Laboratory, Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica. Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Mario A Pardo
- Marine Macroecology Laboratory, Unidad la Paz, CICESE-Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT), 23050, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
| | - Sharon Z Herzka
- Department of Marine Science, Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA
| | - R J David Wells
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jay R Rooker
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | | | - Michel J Dreyfus-León
- Programa Nacional de Aprovechamiento del Atún y Protección del Delfín, CICESE, 22860, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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15
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Espíndola WD, Carlo TA. Seabird guano inputs increase impacts from introduced mammals on the native plants and animals of an oceanic island. Oecologia 2024; 204:975-984. [PMID: 38597960 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Seabirds create fluxes of nutrients from marine to terrestrial ecosystems that influence the food webs of small islands. We investigated how guano inputs shape terrestrial food webs by comparing species of selected plant and animal species in a red-footed booby colony in Mona Island (Puerto Rico, Caribbean Sea), to sites of the island lacking guano inputs. We quantified guano deposition and its relationship to plant biomass production, fecundity and density, as well as the activity of native and introduced animal species. In general, guano inputs increased the gross primary plant productivity, size, and fecundity by twofold. Guano inputs were also associated with twofold increases in density of Anole lizards, but also to increases in the activity of introduced pigs (> 500%), goats (> 30%), and cats (> 500%), which negatively impact native species. In particular, elevated pig and cat activity within the booby colony was correlated with lower activity of endemic ground lizards and of introduced rats. Our results also suggest that severe droughts associated with climate change exacerbate the negative effects that introduced species have on vegetation and reduce the positive effects of seabird guano inputs. Our findings underscore the importance of allochthonous guano inputs in subsidizing plant productivity and native and endemic species in small oceanic islands, but also in increasing the negative impacts of introduced mammals. Management and conservation efforts should focus on the exclusion (or eradication) of introduced mammals, particularly pigs and goats, from remnant seabird colonies in Mona Island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter D Espíndola
- Biology Department and Ecology Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Tomás A Carlo
- Biology Department and Ecology Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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16
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Trevail AM, Nicoll MAC, Freeman R, Le Corre M, Schwarz J, Jaeger A, Bretagnolle V, Calabrese L, Feare C, Lebarbenchon C, Norris K, Orlowski S, Pinet P, Plot V, Rocamora G, Shah N, Votier SC. Tracking seabird migration in the tropical Indian Ocean reveals basin-scale conservation need. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5247-5256.e4. [PMID: 37972589 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding marine predator distributions is an essential component of arresting their catastrophic declines.1,2,3,4 In temperate, polar, and upwelling seas, predictable oceanographic features can aggregate migratory predators, which benefit from site-based protection.5,6,7,8 In more oligotrophic tropical waters, however, it is unclear whether environmental conditions create similar multi-species hotspots. We track the non-breeding movements and habitat preferences of a tropical seabird assemblage (n = 348 individuals, 9 species, and 10 colonies in the western Indian Ocean), which supports globally important biodiversity.9,10,11,12 We mapped species richness from tracked populations and then predicted the same diversity measure for all known Indian Ocean colonies. Most species had large non-breeding ranges, low or variable residency patterns, and specific habitat preferences. This in turn revealed that maximum species richness covered >3.9 million km2, with no focused aggregations, in stark contrast to large-scale tracking studies in all other ocean basins.5,6,7,13,14 High species richness was captured by existing marine protected areas (MPAs) in the region; however, most occurred in the unprotected high seas beyond national jurisdictions. Seabirds experience cumulative anthropogenic impacts13 and high mortality15,16 during non-breeding. Therefore, our results suggest that seabird conservation in the tropical Indian Ocean requires an ocean-wide perspective, including high seas legislation.17 As restoration actions improve the outlook for tropical seabirds on land18,19,20,21,22 and environmental change reshapes the habitats that support them at sea,15,16 appropriate marine conservation will be crucial for their long-term recovery and whole ecosystem restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M Trevail
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK.
| | - Malcolm A C Nicoll
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW14RY, UK
| | - Robin Freeman
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NW14RY, UK
| | - Matthieu Le Corre
- Écologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien, UMR ENTROPIE, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, 97715 Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Jill Schwarz
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Audrey Jaeger
- Écologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien, UMR ENTROPIE, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, 97715 Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Vincent Bretagnolle
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC-CNRS), 79360 Beauvoir sur Niort, France
| | - Licia Calabrese
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC-CNRS), 79360 Beauvoir sur Niort, France; Island Conservation Society, Pointe Larue, Mahé P.O Box 775, Seychelles; Island Biodiversity and Conservation Centre of the University of Seychelles, Anse Royale, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - Chris Feare
- WildWings Bird Management, 2 North View Cottages, Grayswood Common, Haslemere, Surrey GU27 2DN, UK; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales (UNSW), NSW, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Camille Lebarbenchon
- Université de la Réunion, UMR Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (PIMIT), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Ken Norris
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Sabine Orlowski
- Écologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien, UMR ENTROPIE, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, 97715 Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Patrick Pinet
- Parc national de La Réunion, Life+ Pétrels. 258 Rue de la République, 97431 Plaine des Palmistes, La Réunion, France
| | - Virginie Plot
- Écologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien, UMR ENTROPIE, Université de la Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, 97715 Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Gerard Rocamora
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC-CNRS), 79360 Beauvoir sur Niort, France; Island Biodiversity and Conservation Centre of the University of Seychelles, Anse Royale, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - Nirmal Shah
- Nature Seychelles, P.O. Box 1310, The Centre for Environment and Education, Roche Caiman, Mahé, Seychelles; The Centre for Environment and Education, Roche Caiman, Mahé, Seychelles
| | - Stephen C Votier
- The Lyell Centre, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
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17
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Olin JA, Urakawa H, Frisk MG, Newton AL, Manz M, Fogg M, McMullen C, Crawford L, Shipley ON. DNA metabarcoding of cloacal swabs provides insight into diets of highly migratory sharks in the Mid-Atlantic Bight. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 103:1409-1418. [PMID: 37640692 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The abundances of migratory shark species observed throughout the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) during productive summer months suggest that this region provides critical habitat and prey resources to these taxa. However, the principal prey assemblages sustaining migratory shark biomass in this region are poorly defined. We applied high-throughput DNA metabarcoding to shark feces derived from cloacal swabs across nine species of Carcharhinid and Lamnid sharks to (1) quantify the contribution of broad taxa (e.g., invertebrates, fishes) supporting shark biomass during seasonal residency in the MAB and (2) determine whether the species displayed distinct dietary preference indicative of resource partitioning. DNA metabarcoding resulted in high taxonomic (species-level) resolution of shark diets with actinopterygian and elasmobranch fishes as the dominant prey categories across the species. DNA metabarcoding identified several key prey groups consistent across shark taxa that are likely integral for sustaining their biomass in this region, including Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus), Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus), and benthic elasmobranchs, including skates. Our results are consistent with previously published stomach content data for the shark species of similar size range in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, supporting the efficacy of cloacal swab DNA metabarcoding as a minimally invasive diet reconstruction technique. The high reliance of several shark species on Atlantic menhaden could imply wasp-waist food-web conditions during the summer months, whereby high abundances of forage fishes sustain a diverse suite of migratory sharks within a complex, seasonal food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A Olin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Great Lakes Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Hidetoshi Urakawa
- Department of Marine and Ecological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Michael G Frisk
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Alisa L Newton
- New York Aquarium, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Maria Manz
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Michael Fogg
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Colin McMullen
- Department of Marine and Ecological Sciences, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida, USA
| | - Lisa Crawford
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Oliver N Shipley
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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18
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Amelot M, Robert M, Mouchet M, Kopp D. Gadiform species display dietary shifts in the Celtic Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106224. [PMID: 37871469 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Global changes, through their impacts on ecosystem trophic structures, are behind regime shifts and cascading effects, and could result in the reorganization of whole ecosystems. The Celtic Sea is a temperate sea at risk of the above because of the interplay between climate change and fisheries. This sea has only displayed slight changes in species diversity between the late 20th century and the present day. However, this apparent stability in species diversity could be hiding structural transformations, including the rearrangement of trophic relationships. Historical stomach content database offers the opportunity to investigate changes in ecosystem trophic structure. Based on such database, this study explored shifts in the feeding habits of gadiform species in the Celtic Sea in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2010s. To this end, it examined dietary generalism and composition for four top predator fish species. During the target period, generalists maintained their diets, while specialists adopted more generalist diets. There were also decreases in frequencies of occurrence of certain fishes within the diets of gadiform species. These recent changes in trophic structure organization have likely been caused by the influence of global changes on both top-down and bottom-up processes that occurred in the Celtic Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Amelot
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Marianne Robert
- DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), IFREMER, Institut Agro, INRAE, Lorient, France
| | - Maud Mouchet
- Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, UMR 7204 MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Dorothée Kopp
- DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), IFREMER, Institut Agro, INRAE, Lorient, France
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19
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Rooker JR, Sluis MZ, Kitchens LL, Dance MA, Falterman B, Lee JM, Liu H, Miller N, Murua H, Rooker AM, Saillant E, Walter J, David Wells RJ. Nursery origin of yellowfin tuna in the western Atlantic Ocean: significance of Caribbean Sea and trans-Atlantic migrants. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16277. [PMID: 37770551 PMCID: PMC10539535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural geochemical markers in the otolith of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) were used to establish nursery-specific signatures for investigating the origin of fish captured in the western Atlantic Ocean (WAO). Two classes of chemical markers (trace elements, stable isotopes) were used to first establish nursery-specific signatures of age-0 yellowfin tuna from four primary production zones in the Atlantic Ocean: Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Cape Verde, and Gulf of Guinea. Next, mixture and individual assignment methods were applied to predict the origin of sub-adult and adult yellowfin tuna from two regions in the WAO (Gulf of Mexico, Mid Atlantic Bight) by relating otolith core signatures (corresponding to age-0 period) to baseline signatures of age-0 fish from each nursery. Significant numbers of migrants from Caribbean Sea and eastern Atlantic Ocean (EAO) production zones (Gulf of Guinea, Cape Verde) were detected in the WAO, suggesting that fisheries in this region were subsidized by outside spawning/nursery areas. Contributions from local production (Gulf of Mexico) were also evident in samples from both WAO fisheries, but highly variable from year to year. High levels of mixing by yellowfin tuna from the different production zones and pronounced interannual trends in nursery-specific contribution rates in the WAO emphasize the complex and dynamic nature of this species' stock structure and population connectivity. Given that geographic shifts in distribution across national or political boundaries leads to governance and management challenges, this study highlights the need for temporally resolved estimates of nursery origin to refine assessment models and promote the sustainable harvest of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R Rooker
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA.
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| | - Michelle Zapp Sluis
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA
| | - Larissa L Kitchens
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA
| | - Michael A Dance
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | | | - Jessica M Lee
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA
| | - Nathaniel Miller
- Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hilario Murua
- International Seafood Sustainability Foundation, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201-1820, USA
- AZTI Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Pasaia, Spain
| | - Alexandra M Rooker
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA
| | - Eric Saillant
- School of Ocean Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, 39564, USA
| | - John Walter
- Southeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - R J David Wells
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX, 77553, USA
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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20
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Lavin CP, Pauly D, Dimarchopoulou D, Liang C, Costello MJ. Fishery catch is affected by geographic expansion, fishing down food webs and climate change in Aotearoa, New Zealand. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16070. [PMID: 37750081 PMCID: PMC10518166 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Historical fishing effort has resulted, in many parts of the ocean, in increasing catches of smaller, lower trophic level species once larger higher trophic level species have been depleted. Concurrently, changes in the geographic distribution of marine species have been observed as species track their thermal affinity in line with ocean warming. However, geographic shifts in fisheries, including to deeper waters, may conceal the phenomenon of fishing down the food web and effects of climate warming on fish stocks. Fisheries-catch weighted metrics such as the Mean Trophic Level (MTL) and Mean Temperature of the Catch (MTC) are used to investigate these phenomena, although apparent trends of these metrics can be masked by the aforementioned geographic expansion and deepening of fisheries catch across large areas and time periods. We investigated instances of both fishing down trophic levels and climate-driven changes in the geographic distribution of fished species in New Zealand waters from 1950-2019, using the MTL and MTC. Thereafter, we corrected for the masking effect of the geographic expansion of fisheries within these indices by using the Fishing-in-Balance (FiB) index and the adapted Mean Trophic Level (aMTL) index. Our results document the offshore expansion of fisheries across the New Zealand Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) from 1950-2019, as well as the pervasiveness of fishing down within nearshore fishing stock assemblages. We also revealed the warming of the MTC for pelagic-associated fisheries, trends that were otherwise masked by the depth- and geographic expansion of New Zealand fisheries across the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Pauly
- Sea Around Us, Institute for the Ocean and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Donna Dimarchopoulou
- Biology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Cui Liang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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21
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Buschi E, Dell’Anno A, Tangherlini M, Stefanni S, Lo Martire M, Núñez-Pons L, Avila C, Corinaldesi C. Rhodobacteraceae dominate the core microbiome of the sea star Odontaster validus (Koehler, 1906) in two opposite geographical sectors of the Antarctic Ocean. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1234725. [PMID: 37799611 PMCID: PMC10548270 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1234725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiota plays essential roles in the health, physiology, and in adaptation of marine multi-cellular organisms to their environment. In Antarctica, marine organisms have a wide range of unique physiological functions and adaptive strategies, useful for coping with extremely cold conditions. However, the role of microbiota associated with Antarctic organisms in such adaptive strategies is underexplored. In the present study, we investigated the diversity and putative functions of the microbiome of the sea star Odontaster validus, one of the main keystone species of the Antarctic benthic ecosystems. We compared the whole-body bacterial microbiome of sea stars from different sites of the Antarctic Peninsula and Ross Sea, two areas located in two opposite geographical sectors of the Antarctic continent. The taxonomic composition of O. validus microbiomes changed both between and within the two Antarctic sectors, suggesting that environmental and biological factors acting both at large and local scales may influence microbiome diversity. Despite this, one bacterial family (Rhodobacteraceae) was shared among all sea star individuals from the two geographical sectors, representing up to 95% of the microbial core, and suggesting a key functional role of this taxon in holobiont metabolism and well-being. In addition, the genus Roseobacter belonging to this family was also present in the surrounding sediment, implying a potential horizontal acquisition of dominant bacterial core taxa via host-selection processes from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Buschi
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica di Napoli “Anton Dohrn”, Fano Marine Centre, Fano, Italy
| | - Antonio Dell’Anno
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Michael Tangherlini
- Department of Research Infrastructures for Marine Biological Resources, Stazione Zoologica di Napoli “Anton Dohrn”, Fano Marine Centre, Fano, Italy
| | - Sergio Stefanni
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica di Napoli “Anton Dohrn”, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Lo Martire
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Laura Núñez-Pons
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica di Napoli “Anton Dohrn”, Naples, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cinzia Corinaldesi
- Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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22
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Gilbert L, Jeanniard-du-Dot T, Authier M, Chouvelon T, Spitz J. Composition of cetacean communities worldwide shapes their contribution to ocean nutrient cycling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5823. [PMID: 37726276 PMCID: PMC10509247 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41532-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Defecation by large whales is known to fertilise oceans with nutrients, stimulating phytoplankton and ecosystem productivity. However, our current understanding of these processes is limited to a few species, nutrients and ecosystems. Here, we investigate the role of cetacean communities in the worldwide biological cycling of two major nutrients and six trace nutrients. We show that cetaceans release more nutrients in mesotrophic to eutrophic temperate waters than in oligotrophic tropical waters, mirroring patterns of ecosystem productivity. The released nutrient cocktails also vary geographically, driven by the composition of cetacean communities. The roles of small cetaceans, deep diving cetaceans and baleen whales differ quantitatively and functionally, with contributions of small cetaceans and deep divers exceeding those of large whales in some areas. The functional diversity of cetacean communities expands beyond their role as top predators to include their role as active nutrient vectors, which might be equally important to local ecosystem dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola Gilbert
- Centre for Biological Studies of Chizé, UMR 7372 La Rochelle University - CNRS, La Rochelle, France
- Pelagis Observatory, UAR 3462 La Rochelle University - CNRS, La Rochelle, France
| | | | - Matthieu Authier
- Pelagis Observatory, UAR 3462 La Rochelle University - CNRS, La Rochelle, France
| | - Tiphaine Chouvelon
- Pelagis Observatory, UAR 3462 La Rochelle University - CNRS, La Rochelle, France
- Ifremer, Chemical Contamination of Marine Ecosystems Unit, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Spitz
- Centre for Biological Studies of Chizé, UMR 7372 La Rochelle University - CNRS, La Rochelle, France.
- Pelagis Observatory, UAR 3462 La Rochelle University - CNRS, La Rochelle, France.
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23
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Jordaan RK, Oosthuizen WC, Reisinger RR, de Bruyn PJN. The effect of prey abundance and fisheries on the survival, reproduction, and social structure of killer whales ( Orcinus orca) at subantarctic Marion Island. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10144. [PMID: 37284666 PMCID: PMC10239896 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most marine apex predators are keystone species that fundamentally influence their ecosystems through cascading top-down processes. Reductions in worldwide predator abundances, attributed to environmental- and anthropogenic-induced changes to prey availability and negative interactions with fisheries, can have far-reaching ecosystem impacts. We tested whether the survival of killer whales (Orcinus orca) observed at Marion Island in the Southern Indian Ocean correlated with social structure and prey variables (direct measures of prey abundance, Patagonian toothfish fishery effort, and environmental proxies) using multistate models of capture-recapture data spanning 12 years (2006-2018). We also tested the effect of these same variables on killer whale social structure and reproduction measured over the same period. Indices of social structure had the strongest correlation with survival, with higher sociality associated with increased survival probability. Survival was also positively correlated with Patagonian toothfish fishing effort during the previous year, suggesting that fishery-linked resource availability is an important determinant of survival. No correlation between survival and environmental proxies of prey abundance was found. At-island prey availability influenced the social structure of Marion Island killer whales, but none of the variables explained variability in reproduction. Future increases in legal fishing activity may benefit this population of killer whales through the artificial provisioning of resources they provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan K. Jordaan
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - W. Chris Oosthuizen
- Centre for Statistics in Ecology, the Environment (SEEC)University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Ryan R. Reisinger
- Ocean and Earth ScienceUniversity of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - P. J. Nico de Bruyn
- Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
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24
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Amadori M, Solonin SV, Vodorezov AV, Shell R, Niedźwiedzki R, Kriwet J. The extinct shark, Ptychodus (Elasmobranchii, Ptychodontidae) in the Upper Cretaceous of central-western Russia-The road to easternmost peri-Tethyan seas. JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY 2023; 42:e2162909. [PMID: 37559798 PMCID: PMC7614918 DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2022.2162909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Isolated teeth belonging to the genus Ptychodus Agassiz, 1834 (Chondrichthyes; Elasmobranchii) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Ryazan and Moscow Oblast regions (European Russia) are described and discussed in detail herein. The taxonomic composition of the Ptychodus assemblage from the Ryazan region is very diverse including the first records of the cuspidate species P. altior and P. anonymus, which thus is largely consistent with those from other contemporaneous European localities. Ptychodus ubiquitously inhabited epicontinental seas of Europe during most of the Cretaceous with the most diverse assemblages coming from southern England, northern Italy, Belgium, and European Russia. Additionally, the material documented here from the Cenomanian of Varavinsky ravine area (Moscow Oblast) represents the northernmost occurrence of Ptychodus hitherto reported from Europe. It is evident that the Late Cretaceous shallow seas of the Russian platform represented a crucial pathway for the dispersal of Ptychodus from the European peri-Tethys to the eastern margins of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean. The Albian-Campanian records of Ptychodus from Europe indicate that its dominance in the peri-Tethys persisted for most of its evolutionary history. A local temperature drop across most of the European shallow seas probably contributed to the narrowing of its geographic range in the peri-Tethyan seas towards the end of the Mesozoic Era. The fossil remains of Ptychodus documented herein are accordingly of utmost importance for better understanding the taxonomic composition of Russian fossil ichthyofaunas and also inform about the dispersal of Ptychodus towards western and eastern peri-Tethyan seas during the Late Cretaceous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Amadori
- University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, UZAII, Geozentrum, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Sergey V. Solonin
- Department of Geography, Ecology and Natural Management, Ryazan State University named for S. Yesenin, Ryazan, 390000, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Vodorezov
- Department of Geography, Ecology and Natural Management, Ryazan State University named for S. Yesenin, Ryazan, 390000, Russia
| | - Ryan Shell
- Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, Cincinnati Museum Center, Cincinnati, 45203, U.S.A
| | - Robert Niedźwiedzki
- Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, 50-204, Poland
| | - Jürgen Kriwet
- University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, UZAII, Geozentrum, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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25
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Ziegler SL, Johnson JM, Brooks RO, Johnston EM, Mohay JL, Ruttenberg BI, Starr RM, Waltz GT, Wendt DE, Hamilton SL. Marine protected areas, marine heatwaves, and the resilience of nearshore fish communities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1405. [PMID: 36697490 PMCID: PMC9876911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic stressors from climate change can affect individual species, community structure, and ecosystem function. Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are intense thermal anomalies where water temperature is significantly elevated for five or more days. Climate projections suggest an increase in the frequency and severity of MHWs in the coming decades. While there is evidence that marine protected areas (MPAs) may be able to buffer individual species from climate impacts, there is not sufficient evidence to support the idea that MPAs can mitigate large-scale changes in marine communities in response to MHWs. California experienced an intense MHW and subsequent El Niño Southern Oscillation event from 2014 to 2016. We sought to examine changes in rocky reef fish communities at four MPAs and associated reference sites in relation to the MHW. We observed a decline in taxonomic diversity and a profound shift in trophic diversity inside and outside MPAs following the MHW. However, MPAs seemed to dampen the loss of trophic diversity and in the four years following the MHW, taxonomic diversity recovered 75% faster in the MPAs compared to reference sites. Our results suggest that MPAs may contribute to long-term resilience of nearshore fish communities through both resistance to change and recovery from warming events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby L Ziegler
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University, Moss Landing, CA, 95039, USA. .,Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Jasmin M Johnson
- Department of Marine Science, California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, 93955, USA
| | - Rachel O Brooks
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University, Moss Landing, CA, 95039, USA
| | - Erin M Johnston
- Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Jacklyn L Mohay
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University, Moss Landing, CA, 95039, USA
| | - Benjamin I Ruttenberg
- Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Richard M Starr
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University, Moss Landing, CA, 95039, USA
| | - Grant T Waltz
- Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Dean E Wendt
- Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, 93407, USA
| | - Scott L Hamilton
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University, Moss Landing, CA, 95039, USA
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26
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Christianen MJA, Smulders FOH, Vonk JA, Becking LE, Bouma TJ, Engel SM, James RK, Nava MI, de Smit JC, van der Zee JP, Palsbøll PJ, Bakker ES. Seagrass ecosystem multifunctionality under the rise of a flagship marine megaherbivore. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:215-230. [PMID: 36330798 PMCID: PMC10099877 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Large grazers (megaherbivores) have a profound impact on ecosystem functioning. However, how ecosystem multifunctionality is affected by changes in megaherbivore populations remains poorly understood. Understanding the total impact on ecosystem multifunctionality requires an integrative ecosystem approach, which is especially challenging to obtain in marine systems. We assessed the effects of experimentally simulated grazing intensity scenarios on ecosystem functions and multifunctionality in a tropical Caribbean seagrass ecosystem. As a model, we selected a key marine megaherbivore, the green turtle, whose ecological role is rapidly unfolding in numerous foraging areas where populations are recovering through conservation after centuries of decline, with an increase in recorded overgrazing episodes. To quantify the effects, we employed a novel integrated index of seagrass ecosystem multifunctionality based upon multiple, well-recognized measures of seagrass ecosystem functions that reflect ecosystem services. Experiments revealed that intermediate turtle grazing resulted in the highest rates of nutrient cycling and carbon storage, while sediment stabilization, decomposition rates, epifauna richness, and fish biomass are highest in the absence of turtle grazing. In contrast, intense grazing resulted in disproportionally large effects on ecosystem functions and a collapse of multifunctionality. These results imply that (i) the return of a megaherbivore can exert strong effects on coastal ecosystem functions and multifunctionality, (ii) conservation efforts that are skewed toward megaherbivores, but ignore their key drivers like predators or habitat, will likely result in overgrazing-induced loss of multifunctionality, and (iii) the multifunctionality index shows great potential as a quantitative tool to assess ecosystem performance. Considerable and rapid alterations in megaherbivore abundance (both through extinction and conservation) cause an imbalance in ecosystem functioning and substantially alter or even compromise ecosystem services that help to negate global change effects. An integrative ecosystem approach in environmental management is urgently required to protect and enhance ecosystem multifunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolijn J. A. Christianen
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
- Marine Evolution and Conservation GroupGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Fee O. H. Smulders
- Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management GroupWageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Arie Vonk
- Department of Freshwater and Marine EcologyInstitute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Leontine E. Becking
- Aquaculture and Fisheries groupWageningen University & Research CentreWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd J. Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)YersekeThe Netherlands
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Sabine M. Engel
- STINAPA, Bonaire National Parks FoundationBonaireCaribbean Netherlands
| | - Rebecca K. James
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)YersekeThe Netherlands
- Biogeochemistry and Modeling of the Earth System GroupUniversité libre de BruxellesBruxellesBelgium
| | - Mabel I. Nava
- Sea Turtle Conservation BonaireBonaireCaribbean Netherlands
| | - Jaco C. de Smit
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)YersekeThe Netherlands
- Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jurjan P. van der Zee
- Marine Evolution and Conservation GroupGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Per J. Palsbøll
- Marine Evolution and Conservation GroupGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
- Center for Coastal StudiesProvincetownMassachusettsUSA
| | - Elisabeth S. Bakker
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW)WageningenThe Netherlands
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University & ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
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27
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Bregman G, Lalzar M, Livne L, Bigal E, Zemah-Shamir Z, Morick D, Tchernov D, Scheinin A, Meron D. Preliminary study of shark microbiota at a unique mix-species shark aggregation site, in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1027804. [PMID: 36910211 PMCID: PMC9996248 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1027804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sharks, as apex predators, play an essential ecological role in shaping the marine food web and maintaining healthy and balanced marine ecosystems. Sharks are sensitive to environmental changes and anthropogenic pressure and demonstrate a clear and rapid response. This designates them a "keystone" or "sentinel" group that may describe the structure and function of the ecosystem. As a meta-organism, sharks offer selective niches (organs) for microorganisms that can provide benefits for their hosts. However, changes in the microbiota (due to physiological or environmental changes) can turn the symbiosis into a dysbiosis and may affect the physiology, immunity and ecology of the host. Although the importance of sharks within the ecosystem is well known, relatively few studies have focused on the microbiome aspect, especially with long-term sampling. Our study was conducted at a site of coastal development in Israel where a mixed-species shark aggregation (November-May) is observed. The aggregation includes two shark species, the dusky (Carcharhinus obscurus) and sandbar (Carcharhinus plumbeus) which segregate by sex (females and males, respectively). In order to characterize the bacterial profile and examine the physiological and ecological aspects, microbiome samples were collected from different organs (gills, skin, and cloaca) from both shark species over 3 years (sampling seasons: 2019, 2020, and 2021). The bacterial composition was significantly different between the shark individuals and the surrounding seawater and between the shark species. Additionally, differences were apparent between all the organs and the seawater, and between the skin and gills. The most dominant groups for both shark species were Flavobacteriaceae, Moraxellaceae, and Rhodobacteraceae. However, specific microbial biomarkers were also identified for each shark. An unexpected difference in the microbiome profile and diversity between the 2019-2020 and 2021 sampling seasons, revealed an increase in the potential pathogen Streptococcus. The fluctuations in the relative abundance of Streptococcus between the months of the third sampling season were also reflected in the seawater. Our study provides initial information on shark microbiome in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. In addition, we demonstrated that these methods were also able to describe environmental episodes and the microbiome is a robust measure for long-term ecological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goni Bregman
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maya Lalzar
- Bioinformatics Services Unit, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Leigh Livne
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Bigal
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ziv Zemah-Shamir
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Danny Morick
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dan Tchernov
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Aviad Scheinin
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dalit Meron
- Morris Kahn Marine Research Station, Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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28
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Fanelli E, Da Ros Z, Martino I, Azzurro E, Bargione G, Donato F, Lucchetti A. Crowding in the middle of marine food webs: A focus on Raja asterias and other mediterranean batoids. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 183:105830. [PMID: 36435173 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean Sea is among the three biodiversity hotspots of the world where elasmobranchs are severely threatened. Elasmobranchs act as apex or meso-predators within marine food webs and the loss/decline of apex predators determines the mesopredator release, leading in turn to increased predation on smaller prey. However, also several mesopredators (including rays, skates and small sharks) are intensively fished, being of commercial interest, or by-caught, and thus mesopredators increase could not be so evident. We analysed the trophic ecology of an endemic Mediterranean ray, the starry ray Raja asterias, at a seasonal scale from the Adriatic basin, one of the most intensively exploited area of the Mediterranean, by means of stomach contents and stable isotopes analyses. Our results evidenced that starry rays rely on benthic sources including species of local commercial values, such as swimming crabs, small cephalopods, and stomatopods and share the same trophic position with other elasmobranchs (rays, skates, and small sharks) and other mesopredators (e.g., common soles, Norway lobsters and mullets). As all mesopredators are overexploited, as well as their benthic prey are affected by intense trawl-fishing, the whole food webs are disrupted and neither the classical trophic cascade nor the mesopredator release hypothesis could be verified. Conservation measures for these species, such as the release after capture or the application of exclusion grids to the net, should be applied in areas where populations are strongly impacted by trawling.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fanelli
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.
| | - Z Da Ros
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - I Martino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - E Azzurro
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy; Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Ancona, Italy
| | - G Bargione
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Ancona, Italy
| | - F Donato
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Lucchetti
- Institute for Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Ancona, Italy
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29
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Temporal analyses of the fish functional arrangement of Celestún coastal lagoon, in Yucatan, Mexico. J Nat Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Zenteno-Devaud L, Aguirre-Martinez GV, Andrade C, Cárdenas L, Pardo LM, González HE, Garrido I. Feeding Ecology of Odontaster validus under Different Environmental Conditions in the West Antarctic Peninsula. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121723. [PMID: 36552233 PMCID: PMC9775070 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To study how Odontaster validus can influence the spatial structure of Antarctic benthic communities and how they respond to disturbance, it is necessary to assess potential dietary shifts in different habitats. We investigated the diets of O. validus from Maxwell Bay and South Bay in the West Antarctic Peninsula. A multifaceted approach was applied including in situ observations of cardiac stomach everted contents, isotopic niche, and trophic diversity metrics. Results confirm the flexible foraging strategy of this species under markedly different environmental conditions, suggesting plasticity in resource use. The data also showed evidence of isotopic niche expansion, high δ15N values, and Nacella concinna as a common food item for individuals inhabiting a site with low seasonal sea ice (Ardley Cove), which could have significant ecological implications such as new trophic linkages within the Antarctic benthic community. These results highlight the importance of considering trophic changes of key species to their environment as multiple ecological factors can vary as a function of climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Zenteno-Devaud
- Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción 4081112, Chile
- Correspondence: (L.Z.-D.); (G.V.A.-M.)
| | - Gabriela V. Aguirre-Martinez
- Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1110939, Chile
- Correspondence: (L.Z.-D.); (G.V.A.-M.)
| | - Claudia Andrade
- Laboratorio de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6210738, Chile
| | - Leyla Cárdenas
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Luis Miguel Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Humberto E. González
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
| | - Ignacio Garrido
- Centro FONDAP de Investigación de Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Laboratorio Costero de Recursos Acuáticos de Calfuco (LCRAC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile
- Québec-Océan, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Species traits determined different responses to "zero-growth" policy in China's marine fisheries. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20410. [PMID: 36437353 PMCID: PMC9701775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24897-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
China remains the largest nation of marine capture fisheries in the world in the last few decades, at the cost of offshore fisheries degradation by overfishing. Although fisheries regulations have become gradually tightened, the recovering evidences are weak and the catch species compositions are far from satisfactory. To explore better and reasonable countermeasures, besides the "zero growth" policy (i.e. the national total fisheries production limitation), five targets with different ecological traits were selected for stock assessment and rebuilding by Monte Carlo Catch-Maximum Sustainable Yield method. The results showed the control of total rather than species catch could not lead to the recovery of fisheries and maintain community function. Individual species showed different responses to overfishing according to their biological characteristics. High trophic level species can be sensitive to overfishing, and difficult to rebuild stocks after collapse. Pelagic small fish resources increased first but eventually decreased under high fishing pressure. Scientific-based restocking can enhance resource recovery. Besides "zero growth" policy, fisheries management should be further refined, in particular for main economic species based on their biological traits, as well as the support of reliable fisheries statistics and regulation implementation in place. To relieve the conflict between rising fishery products demand and falling catches, aquaculture and seeking resources from the high seas and EEZs are supposed to be successful ways, on the premise of taking full account of ecological health, maritime safety, and food security.
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Rogers AD, Appeltans W, Assis J, Ballance LT, Cury P, Duarte C, Favoretto F, Hynes LA, Kumagai JA, Lovelock CE, Miloslavich P, Niamir A, Obura D, O'Leary BC, Ramirez-Llodra E, Reygondeau G, Roberts C, Sadovy Y, Steeds O, Sutton T, Tittensor DP, Velarde E, Woodall L, Aburto-Oropeza O. Discovering marine biodiversity in the 21st century. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2022; 93:23-115. [PMID: 36435592 DOI: 10.1016/bs.amb.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We review the current knowledge of the biodiversity of the ocean as well as the levels of decline and threat for species and habitats. The lack of understanding of the distribution of life in the ocean is identified as a significant barrier to restoring its biodiversity and health. We explore why the science of taxonomy has failed to deliver knowledge of what species are present in the ocean, how they are distributed and how they are responding to global and regional to local anthropogenic pressures. This failure prevents nations from meeting their international commitments to conserve marine biodiversity with the results that investment in taxonomy has declined in many countries. We explore a range of new technologies and approaches for discovery of marine species and their detection and monitoring. These include: imaging methods, molecular approaches, active and passive acoustics, the use of interconnected databases and citizen science. Whilst no one method is suitable for discovering or detecting all groups of organisms many are complementary and have been combined to give a more complete picture of biodiversity in marine ecosystems. We conclude that integrated approaches represent the best way forwards for accelerating species discovery, description and biodiversity assessment. Examples of integrated taxonomic approaches are identified from terrestrial ecosystems. Such integrated taxonomic approaches require the adoption of cybertaxonomy approaches and will be boosted by new autonomous sampling platforms and development of machine-speed exchange of digital information between databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D Rogers
- REV Ocean, Lysaker, Norway; Nekton Foundation, Begbroke Science Park, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Ward Appeltans
- Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Oostende, Belgium
| | - Jorge Assis
- Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Lisa T Ballance
- Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States
| | | | - Carlos Duarte
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fabio Favoretto
- Autonomous University of Baja California Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Lisa A Hynes
- Nekton Foundation, Begbroke Science Park, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joy A Kumagai
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Catherine E Lovelock
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Patricia Miloslavich
- Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States; Departamento de Estudios Ambientales, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Venezuela & Scientific Committee for Oceanic Research (SCOR), Newark, DE, United States
| | - Aidin Niamir
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Bethan C O'Leary
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom; Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Ramirez-Llodra
- REV Ocean, Lysaker, Norway; Nekton Foundation, Begbroke Science Park, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriel Reygondeau
- Yale Center for Biodiversity Movement and Global Change, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Nippon Foundation-Nereus Program, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Callum Roberts
- Centre for Ecology & Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Sadovy
- School of Biological Sciences, Swire Institute of Marine Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Oliver Steeds
- Nekton Foundation, Begbroke Science Park, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey Sutton
- Nova Southeastern University, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Dania Beach, FL, United States
| | | | - Enriqueta Velarde
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Lucy Woodall
- Nekton Foundation, Begbroke Science Park, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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A Multi-Dimensional Examination of Foraging Habitat Use by Gray Whales Using Long Time-Series and Acoustics Data. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202735. [PMID: 36290121 PMCID: PMC9597834 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Long term data on the number and location of foraging gray whales on the west coast of Vancouver was used to understand the rate of return and residency time of whales to certain areas. From this data, areas of increased use by foraging whales were determined, and patterns in the way the areas were used by the whales were seen. Whale location data showed them using prey patches and moving to other patches to allow the first to recover, before then returning to feed on them again later in the summer. Calves that follow their mother in their first migration were likely to return to the same site in the years after weaning. This suggests a maternal aspect to the use of foraging areas. Little is known about how whales detect prey; the use of acoustics was considered here, with call types differing between times when prey was more abundant and whales were feeding in close proximity, to those when foraging whales were more distant to each other. This suggests there may be a social aspect to the calling by gray whales in foraging areas. Abstract Gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) show high site fidelity to feeding and breeding areas. The whales’ annual cycle could be learned or be driven by factors such as prey abundance or ocean conditions. Long-term line transect and photo-identification data were analyzed to consider intra- and inter- annual patterns of habitat use and the underlying drivers for foraging areas in Clayoquot Sound, British Columbia. Time series, autocorrelation and weighted means analysis were used on the 20-years of data (1997–2016). A generalized additive model showed that whale use of the area was most strongly influenced by the maximum number of whales, and the date of its occurrence, recorded the previous year. This maximum, when it occurred in the summer, impacted the whale numbers for up to four subsequent years. The annual average number of whales per transect also influenced the proportion of whales known to return in multiple years to forage. Many of these returning whales first used the site to wean and returned in subsequent years to feed. The transect data was also used to contextualize passive acoustic recordings, comparing call type and rate for periods when the whale number, location and social context was known. Calling patterns appeared to be socially derived, with shorter-range knock calls dominant when whales were closer, and lower-frequency moans when foraging occurred when whales were more distant from each other. This suggests that prey-finding and site use may also be influenced by conspecifics.
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Monteforte KIP, Butcher PA, Morris SG, Kelaher BP. The Relative Abundance and Occurrence of Sharks off Ocean Beaches of New South Wales, Australia. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101456. [PMID: 36290360 PMCID: PMC9599013 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
There is still limited information about the diversity, distribution, and abundance of sharks in and around the surf zones of ocean beaches. We used long-term and large-scale drone surveying techniques to test hypotheses about the relative abundance and occurrence of sharks off ocean beaches of New South Wales, Australia. We quantified sharks in 36,384 drone flights across 42 ocean beaches from 2017 to 2021. Overall, there were 347 chondrichthyans recorded, comprising 281 (81.0%) sharks, with observations occurring in <1% of flights. Whaler sharks (Carcharhinus spp.) had the highest number of observations (n = 158) recorded. There were 34 individuals observed for both white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) and critically endangered greynurse sharks (Carcharias taurus). Bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas), leopard sharks (Stegostoma tigrinum) and hammerhead species (Sphyrna spp.) recorded 29, eight and three individuals, respectively. Generalised additive models were used to identify environmental drivers for detection probability of white, bull, greynurse, and whaler sharks. Distances to the nearest estuary, headland, and island, as well as water temperature and wave height, were significant predictors of shark occurrence; however, this varied among species. Overall, we provide valuable information for evidence-based species-specific conservation and management strategies for coastal sharks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim I. P. Monteforte
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Paul A. Butcher
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
| | - Stephen G. Morris
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, NSW 2477, Australia
| | - Brendan P. Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia
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Cortelezzi P, Paulet TG, Olbers JM, Harris JM, Bernard ATF. Conservation benefits of a marine protected area on South African chondrichthyans. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 319:115691. [PMID: 35839646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chondrichthyans are threatened worldwide due to their life-history traits combined with a plethora of anthropogenic impacts that are causing populations to collapse. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are a conservation option, but their efficacy for chondrichthyans is still unclear. Conservation efforts might be challenging especially in developing countries, due to a lack of resources and monitoring and limited data and stakeholder support. Here Baited Remote Underwater Stereo-Video systems (stereo-BRUVs) were deployed inside and outside a small partially protected MPA (Robberg MPA, Western Cape, South Africa) to assess the status of cartilaginous fishes' assemblages and to investigate the potential benefits derived from the presence of a marine reserve. Overall, 19 chondrichthyan species in 11 different families were observed. Chondrichthyans were observed in 78.5% of the sites and, of these, 89.7% of the MPA sites showed at least one chondrichthyan, while only in the 67.5% of surrounding exploited sites a cartilaginous fish was sighted. The presence of the MPA had a significant effect on the relative abundance of batoids, threatened species and local endemics, with more observations inside the MPA than outside, indicating the potential benefit of marine reserves on species that are more vulnerable to fishing pressure. Relative abundance was generally higher inside the bay than in the exposed area, and both relative abundance and species richness decreased significantly with depth. The analysis of the body length showed that the 35.5% of species had an average body length below maturity length, indicating that the area might be used as nursery ground for different species. This study provides evidence that MPAs, even though small and partially protected, can provide benefits for chondrichthyans, specifically to threatened species, endemic species and lesser-known species. Importantly, different environmental parameters must be considered to maximize the benefits an MPA can provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cortelezzi
- Earth and Environmental Science Department, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza Della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy; South African Shark Conservancy (SASC), Hermanus, 7200, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Timothy G Paulet
- South African Shark Conservancy (SASC), Hermanus, 7200, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Jennifer M Olbers
- Wildlands Conservation Trust, 460 Townbush Road, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa
| | - Jean M Harris
- Wildlands Conservation Trust, 460 Townbush Road, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, South Africa; Institute for Coastal and Marine Research (CMR), Nelson Mandela University, Gomeroy Avenue, Summerstrand, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Anthony T F Bernard
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Somerset Street, Makhanda, 6139, South Africa; Rhodes University, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Makhanda, 6139, South Africa
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36
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Gül G, Demirel N. Ontogenetic shift in diet and trophic role of Raja clavata inferred by stable isotopes and stomach content analysis in the Sea of Marmara. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 101:560-572. [PMID: 35638307 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Trophic ecology studies on predator-prey interactions reveal insights into ecological communities and help understand a species' role in the food web by contributing to improved fisheries management and conservation capabilities. Understanding the ecological role of overexploited and endangered predators is essential to deciphering how their feeding behaviour influences food web dynamics. In this study, the authors investigated the feeding behaviour of the common and IUCN-listed Near Threatened (NT) thornback ray Raja clavata, using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope and stomach content analysis (SCA). It has recently suffered an 87% decline in reported catches from the Sea of Marmara within the last decade. These results show that thornback ray mainly feeds on teleost species, except in summer, with both methods showing this species changes its diet ontogenetically by SCA. This ontogenetic diet shift was at lengths 40-50 cm by changing group preferences from Crustacea to Teleostei. MixSIAR results showed that both adult and juvenile individuals of R. clavata feed mainly on the crustaceans, but the contribution of teleosts represented by Trachurus sp. was very low (<15%). The trophic position increased total length and was higher than other batoid species in the Sea of Marmara.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güzin Gül
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nazli Demirel
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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37
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Vineetha G, Kripa V, Karati KK, Madhu NV, Anil P, Vishnu Nair MS. Surge in the jellyfish population of a tropical monsoonal estuary: A boon or bane to its plankton community dynamics? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 182:113951. [PMID: 35907360 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent jellyfish blooms and their impacts on ecosystem deliverables of coastal habitats have become a major ecological concern. In view of this, repercussions of a surge in the jellyfish population on the plankton community were studied in Cochin estuary (CE), the largest tropical estuary along the southwest coast of India. Evaluation of hydrographic attributes and plankton community of the CE during early and late pre-monsoon revealed a marked disparity in its hydrography which favoured an increase in jellyfish abundances during late pre-monsoon, eliciting distinct impacts on the plankton community. The escalation in the jellyfish abundance and their subsequent predation on the crustacean plankton released the phytoplankton community from the grazing pressure resulting in a trophic cascade in the planktonic food web. The indiscriminate feeding of jellyfishes on the ichthyoplankton, decapod larvae, and Copepoda, the primary diet component of forage fishes evoked a potent threat to the fishery potential of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vineetha
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala 682018, India.
| | - V Kripa
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala 682018, India; Coastal Aquaculture Authority, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 035, India
| | | | - N V Madhu
- CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi 682018, India
| | - P Anil
- CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi 682018, India
| | - M S Vishnu Nair
- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, Kerala 682018, India
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Lennox RJ, Brownscombe JW, Darimont C, Horodysky A, Levi T, Raby GD, Cooke SJ. The roles of humans and apex predators in sustaining ecosystem structure and function: Contrast, complementarity and coexistence. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Lennox
- Laboratory for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries at NORCE Norwegian Research Center Bergen Norway
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Trondheim Norway
| | - Jacob W. Brownscombe
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Fisheries and Oceans Canada Burlington Ontario Canada
| | | | - Andrij Horodysky
- Department of Marine and Environmental Science Hampton University Hampton Virginia USA
| | - Taal Levi
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Graham D. Raby
- Department of Biology Trent University Peterborough Ontario Canada
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
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Houstin A, Zitterbart DP, Heerah K, Eisen O, Planas-Bielsa V, Fabry B, Le Bohec C. Juvenile emperor penguin range calls for extended conservation measures in the Southern Ocean. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211708. [PMID: 36061529 PMCID: PMC9428539 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To protect the unique and rich biodiversity of the Southern Ocean, conservation measures such as marine protected areas (MPAs) have been implemented. Currently, the establishment of several additional protection zones is being considered based on the known habitat distributions of key species of the ecosystems including emperor penguins and other marine top predators. However, the distribution of such species at sea is often insufficiently sampled. Specifically, current distribution models focus on the habitat range of adult animals and neglect that immatures and juveniles can inhabit different areas. By tracking eight juvenile emperor penguins in the Weddell Sea over 1 year and performing a meta-analysis including previously known data from other colonies, we show that conservation efforts in the Southern Ocean are insufficient for protecting this highly mobile species, and particularly its juveniles. We find that juveniles spend approximately 90% of their time outside the boundaries of proposed and existing MPAs, and that their distribution extends beyond (greater than 1500 km) the species' extent of occurrence as defined by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Our data exemplify that strategic conservation plans for the emperor penguin and other long-lived ecologically important species should consider the dynamic habitat range of all age classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Houstin
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Département de Biologie Polaire, Monaco 98000, Principality of Monaco
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg F-67000, France
| | - Daniel P. Zitterbart
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
- Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Karine Heerah
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Olaf Eisen
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven 27570, Germany
- Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, Universität Bremen, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Víctor Planas-Bielsa
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Département de Biologie Polaire, Monaco 98000, Principality of Monaco
| | - Ben Fabry
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany
| | - Céline Le Bohec
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Département de Biologie Polaire, Monaco 98000, Principality of Monaco
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg F-67000, France
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40
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Selonen V, Brommer JE, Holopainen S, Kauhala K, Krüger H, Poutanen J, Väänänen VM, Laaksonen T. Invasive species control with apex predators: increasing presence of wolves is associated with reduced occurrence of the alien raccoon dog. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe role of an alien predator in the community depends on its interaction with native predators. The absence of apex predators may facilitate outbreaks of invasive mesopredators, but the effect of apex predators may vary between species and environments. We analysed the occurrence of a common invasive mesopredator in Europe, the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), and native mesopredators, the red fox and the Eurasian badger, in camera-trap data from Finland. The observations in cameras were analysed in relation to the presence of apex predators in the landscape (grey wolf and Eurasian lynx), human density, and habitat. We observed negative effect of increasing presence of wolves and lynxes on the occurrence of raccoon dogs. This effect appeared clear compared to the effects of habitat and human density. The effect of lynxes on raccoon dogs was clearer in areas with short growth season. For the occurrence of badgers, the presence of wolves had a weak negative effect and the presence of lynxes had a positive effect. For the occurrence of red foxes, wolves had a positive effect when agricultural fields were sparse in the landscape and lynxes had no effect. We also observed that the invasive raccoon dog currently appears to be the most common mesopredator within the study area. We conclude that the effect of apex predators on mesopredators depends on the environment and, in our case, was more suppressive on the alien mesopredator than on the native mesopredators. Thus, apex predators can play an important role in controlling invasive mesopredators.
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Cerutti-Pereyra F, Salinas-De-León P, Arnés-Urgellés C, Suarez-Moncada J, Espinoza E, Vaca L, Páez-Rosas D. Using stable isotopes analysis to understand ontogenetic trophic variations of the scalloped hammerhead shark at the Galapagos Marine Reserve. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268736. [PMID: 35687546 PMCID: PMC9187089 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in life-history requirements drive trophic variations, particularly in large marine predators. The life history of many shark species is still poorly known and understanding their dietary ontogeny is a challenging task, especially for highly migratory species. Stable isotope analysis has proven as a useful method for examining the foraging strategies of sharks and other marine predators. We assessed the foraging strategies and ontogenetic changes of scalloped hammerhead sharks, Sphyrna lewini, at Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR), by analysing δ13C and δ15N signatures in different maturity stages. Our isotopic results suggest ontogenetic shifts in resource use between sub-adult and adult stages, but not between adult and juvenile stages. Carbon isotopic signatures found in the juvenile stage were enriched in contrast to sub-adults (~0.73‰) suggesting a combination of the maternal input and the use of coastal resources around the Galapagos Islands. Adult female sharks also showed enrichment in δ13C (~0.53‰) in comparison to sub-adult stages that suggest feeding in high primary productivity areas, such as the GMR. This study improves the understanding of the trophic ecology and ontogenetic changes of a highly migratory shark that moves across the protected and unprotected waters of the Eastern Tropical Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Cerutti-Pereyra
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
- * E-mail:
| | - Pelayo Salinas-De-León
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
- Save Our Seas Foundation Shark Research Center and Guy Harvey Research Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Camila Arnés-Urgellés
- Charles Darwin Research Station, Charles Darwin Foundation, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
| | | | - Eduardo Espinoza
- Galápagos National Park Directorate, Puerto Ayora, Galápagos, Ecuador
- Migramar Marine Research and Conservation Network, Olema, California, United States of America
| | - Leandro Vaca
- Galapagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, Galápagos, Ecuador
| | - Diego Páez-Rosas
- Galapagos Science Center, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Puerto Baquerizo Moreno, Galápagos, Ecuador
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Clavere-Graciette AG, McWhirt ME, Hoopes LA, Bassos-Hull K, Wilkinson KA, Stewart FJ, Pratte ZA. Microbiome differences between wild and aquarium whitespotted eagle rays (Aetobatus narinari). Anim Microbiome 2022; 4:34. [PMID: 35606841 PMCID: PMC9128078 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-022-00187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Animal-associated microbiomes can be influenced by both host and environmental factors. Comparing wild animals to those in zoos or aquariums can help disentangle the effects of host versus environmental factors, while also testing whether managed conditions foster a ‘natural’ host microbiome. Focusing on an endangered elasmobranch species—the whitespotted eagle ray Aetobatus narinari—we compared the skin, gill, and cloaca microbiomes of wild individuals to those at Georgia Aquarium. Whitespotted eagle ray microbiomes from Georgia Aquarium were also compared to those of cownose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus) in the same exhibit, allowing us to explore the effect of host identity on the ray microbiome.
Results Long-term veterinary monitoring indicated that the rays in managed care did not have a history of disease and maintained health parameters consistent with those of wild individuals, with one exception. Aquarium whitespotted eagle rays were regularly treated to control parasite loads, but the effects on animal health were subclinical. Microbiome α- and β-diversity differed between wild versus aquarium whitespotted eagle rays at all body sites, with α-diversity significantly higher in wild individuals. β-diversity differences in wild versus aquarium whitespotted eagle rays were greater for skin and gill microbiomes compared to those of the cloaca. At each body site, we also detected microbial taxa shared between wild and aquarium eagle rays. Additionally, the cloaca, skin, and gill microbiomes of aquarium eagle rays differed from those of cownose rays in the same exhibit. Potentially pathogenic bacteria were at low abundance in all wild and aquarium rays.
Conclusion For whitespotted eagle rays, managed care was associated with a microbiome differing significantly from that of wild individuals. These differences were not absolute, as the microbiome of aquarium rays shared members with that of wild counterparts and was distinct from that of a cohabitating ray species. Eagle rays under managed care appear healthy, suggesting that their microbiomes are not associated with compromised host health. However, the ray microbiome is dynamic, differing with both environmental factors and host identity. Monitoring of aquarium ray microbiomes over time may identify taxonomic patterns that co-vary with host health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s42523-022-00187-8.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary E McWhirt
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lisa A Hoopes
- Department of Research and Conservation, Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kim Bassos-Hull
- Sharks and Rays Conservation Research Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA.,Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, c/o Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Krystan A Wilkinson
- Sharks and Rays Conservation Research Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA.,Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, c/o Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - Frank J Stewart
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Zoe A Pratte
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
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Oosthuizen WC, Pistorius PA, Korczak‐Abshire M, Hinke JT, Santos M, Lowther AD. The foraging behavior of nonbreeding Adélie penguins in the western Antarctic Peninsula during the breeding season. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W. Chris Oosthuizen
- Marine Apex Predator Research Unit, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research and Department of Zoology Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa
- Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, Department of Statistical Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - Pierre A. Pistorius
- Marine Apex Predator Research Unit, Institute for Coastal and Marine Research and Department of Zoology Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa
| | | | - Jefferson T. Hinke
- Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration La Jolla California USA
| | - Mercedes Santos
- Departamento Biología de Predadores Tope Instituto Antártico Argentino Buenos Aires Argentina
- Laboratorios Anexos Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Andrew D. Lowther
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Research Department Fram Centre Tromsø Norway
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Xu P, Zhou W, Xie M, Ding D, Suo A. Temporal and spatial comparison of food web structure in marine pastures in the Pearl River Estuary: Implications for sustainable fisheries management. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8903. [PMID: 35592066 PMCID: PMC9102640 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological and ecological integrity of marine ecosystems in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) has been compromised due to overfishing and water pollution. Fishing moratorium and artificial reef construction have been implemented in Wanshan and Miaowan for resource protection and restoration. Therefore, food web structure and trophic pathways of Wanshan, Miaowan, and Wailingding in different temporal and spatial situation will be determined using the Ecopath model, as well as the keystone species affecting these ecosystems, which can provide a basis for fishery management. The results showed that the energy transfer efficiency of IV and V trophic levels (TL) was higher than that of II and III‐TL before and after fishing moratorium, and the energy transfer efficiency of artificial reefs II and III‐TL was only slightly higher than that of nonartificial reefs in Wanshan. In addition, the mean values of ecosystem property indicators (consumption, respiration flow, total system throughput, and total biomass) after the fishing moratorium were significantly higher than those before the fishing moratorium. The average value of the ecosystem attribute indicators (consumption, respiration flow, total system throughput, and total biomass) of artificial reefs is lower than those of nonartificial reef areas, which may be related to the differences in community composition between artificial reefs and non‐artificial reefs. Finally, Nemipterus japonicus and Gastrophysus spadiceus are keystone species that distinguish the Wanshan and Miaowan artificial reefs from other areas. Overall, the fishing moratorium has a positive effect on the short‐term restoration of fishery resources, mainly restoring short‐life cycle organisms. However, the construction of artificial reefs will be more conducive to the persistence of ecosystem restoration. In addition, reasonable proliferation, release and fishing of N. japonicus and G. spadiceus will be beneficial to the sustainable utilization of fishery resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐Resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Weiguo Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐Resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou China
| | - Mujiao Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐Resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Dewen Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐Resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou China
| | - Anning Suo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio‐Resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) Guangzhou China
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Carnivore occupancy within the early successional habitat of New England cottontails. JOURNAL OF FISH AND WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.3996/jfwm-21-049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Predation pressure from carnivores can shape ecological communities and have significant consequences for prey species that are declining or recovering from historical declines. New England cottontails Sylvilagus transitionalis are a species of Greatest Conservation Need in Connecticut (USA) and are experiencing continued declines associated with habitat loss. Restoration of early successional habitat is underway to address the most significant threat to their populations. However, one of the largest documented sources of mortality is associated with several key predators and remains a threat to recovery efforts. Our objectives were to develop species-specific occupancy estimates of carnivores in early successional habitat and relate our findings to the potential recovery of New England cottontails. We conducted camera surveys at 34 sites in early successional habitat in or near New England cottontail Focus Areas throughout Connecticut and used the program MARK to estimate occupancy and detectability from detection data. Key predators were found in early successional habitat, but their detectability was generally low. Occupancy was highest for coyotes Canis latrans and regional occupancy differed only for bobcats Lynx rufus. Covariates that influenced parameter estimates in our models included high road densities and the intensity of cottontail Sylvilagus detections. Expanding carnivores, particularly coyote and bobcat, may place additional pressure on New England cottontail recovery in the state, but restoration efforts that promote contiguous habitat and reduce isolated patches, where predation risk is higher, will improve their chances of a long-term recovery.
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Geeson JJ, Hobday AJ, Speakman CN, Arnould JPY. Environmental influences on breeding biology and pup production in Australian fur seals. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:211399. [PMID: 35425634 PMCID: PMC9006029 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of factors affecting a species' breeding biology is crucial to understanding how environmental variability impacts population trajectories and enables predictions on how species may respond to global change. The Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus, AUFS) represents the largest marine predator biomass in southeastern Australia, an oceanic region experiencing rapid warming that will impact the abundance and distribution of prey. The present study (1997-2020) investigated breeding phenology and pup production in AUFS on Kanowna Island, northern Bass Strait. The pupping period varied by 11 days and the median pupping date by 8 days and were negatively correlated to 1- and 2-year lagged winter zonal winds, respectively, within Bass Strait. While there was no temporal trend over the study period, annual pup production (1386-2574 pups) was negatively correlated to 1-year lagged summer zonal winds in the Bonney Upwelling region and positively correlated to the current-year Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). In addition, a fecundity index (ratio of new-born pups to adult females at the median pupping date) was positively correlated with current-year Southern Annular Mode (SAM) conditions. Periods of positive SOI and positive SAM conditions are forecast to increase in coming decades, suggesting advantageous conditions for the Kanowna Island AUFS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna J. Geeson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Cassie N. Speakman
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - John P. Y. Arnould
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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Frank KT, Fisher JA, Leggett WC. The dynamics of exploited marine fish populations and Humpty Dumpty: similarities and differences. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth T. Frank
- Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Ocean Sciences Division Bedford Institute of Oceanography Dartmouth Nova Scotia Canada B2Y 4A2
- Department of Biology Queen's University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Jonathan A.D. Fisher
- Centre for Fisheries Ecosystems Research Fisheries and Marine Institute of Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's Newfoundland A1C 5R3 Canada
| | - William C. Leggett
- Department of Biology Queen's University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
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Ste-Marie E, Watanabe YY, Semmens JM, Marcoux M, Hussey NE. Life in the slow lane: Field Metabolic Rate and Prey Consumption Rate of the Greenland Shark (Somniosus microcephalus) modeled using Archival Biologgers. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:274642. [PMID: 35258589 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Field metabolic rate (FMR) is a holistic measure of metabolism representing the routine energy utilization of a species living within a specific ecological context, thus providing insight into its ecology, fitness and resilience to environmental stressors. For animals which cannot be easily observed in the wild, FMR can also be used in concert with dietary data to quantitatively assess their role as consumers, improving understanding of the trophic linkages that structure food webs and allowing for informed management decisions. Here we modeled the FMR of Greenland sharks (Somniosus microcephalus) equipped with biologger packages or pop-up archival satellite tags (PSATs) in two coastal inlets of Baffin Island (Nunavut) using metabolic scaling relationships for mass, temperature and activity. We estimated that Greenland sharks had an overall mean FMR of 21.67±2.30 mgO2h-1kg-0.84 (n=30; 1-4 day accelerometer package deployments) while residing inside these cold-water fjord systems in the late summer, and 25.48±0.47 mgO2h-1kg-0.84 (n=6; PSATs) over an entire year. When considering prey consumption rate, an average shark in these systems (224kg) requires a maintenance ration of 61-193g of fish or marine mammal prey daily. As a lethargic polar species, these low FMR estimates, and corresponding prey consumption estimates suggest Greenland sharks require very little energy to sustain themselves under natural conditions. These data provide the first characterization of the energetics and consumer role of this vulnerable and understudied species in the wild, essential given growing pressures from climate change and expanding commercial fisheries in the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ste-Marie
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Yuuki Y Watanabe
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan.,Department of Polar Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190-8518, Japan
| | - Jayson M Semmens
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Centre, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Taroona, TAS, 7053, Australia
| | - Marianne Marcoux
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N6, Canada
| | - Nigel E Hussey
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
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Romo-Curiel AE, Ramírez-Mendoza Z, Fajardo-Yamamoto A, Ramírez-León MR, García-Aguilar MC, Herzka SZ, Pérez-Brunius P, Saldaña-Ruiz LE, Sheinbaum J, Kotzakoulakis K, Rodríguez-Outerelo J, Medrano F, Sosa-Nishizaki O. Assessing the exposure risk of large pelagic fish to oil spills scenarios in the deep waters of the Gulf of Mexico. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 176:113434. [PMID: 35183025 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure risk is assessed based on modeling suitable habitat of large pelagic fish and oil spill scenarios originating at three wells located in the western GM's deep waters. Since the fate of the oil depends on the oceanographic conditions present during the accident, as well as the magnitude and duration of the spill, which are not known a priori, the scenarios used are a statistical representation of the area in which oil spilled from the well could be found, given all possible outcomes. The ecological vulnerability assessment identified a subset of bony fish with low-medium vulnerability and elasmobranchs with medium-high vulnerability. The oiling probability and exposure risk of both bony fish and elasmobranchs hotspots vary by well analyzed. Thus, these results provide essential information for a risk management plan for the assessed species and others with economic or conservation importance distributed in the GM and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Romo-Curiel
- Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada #3918, Zona Playitas, CP22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Z Ramírez-Mendoza
- Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada #3918, Zona Playitas, CP22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - A Fajardo-Yamamoto
- Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada #3918, Zona Playitas, CP22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - M R Ramírez-León
- Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada #3918, Zona Playitas, CP22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - M C García-Aguilar
- Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada #3918, Zona Playitas, CP22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - S Z Herzka
- Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada #3918, Zona Playitas, CP22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - P Pérez-Brunius
- Departamento de Oceanografía Física, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada #3918, Zona Playitas, CP22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - L E Saldaña-Ruiz
- Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada #3918, Zona Playitas, CP22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - J Sheinbaum
- Departamento de Oceanografía Física, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada #3918, Zona Playitas, CP22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - K Kotzakoulakis
- Departamento de Oceanografía Física, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada #3918, Zona Playitas, CP22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico; Climate and Environment, SINTEF Ocean, Trindvegen 4, Trondheim, NO-7465, Norway..
| | - J Rodríguez-Outerelo
- Departamento de Oceanografía Física, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada #3918, Zona Playitas, CP22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - F Medrano
- Departamento de Telemática, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada #3918, Zona Playitas, CP22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico..
| | - O Sosa-Nishizaki
- Departamento de Oceanografía Biológica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada #3918, Zona Playitas, CP22860 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico.
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50
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Osuka KE, Stewart BD, Samoilys M, McClean CJ, Musembi P, Yahya S, Hamad AR, Mbugua J. Depth and habitat are important drivers of abundance for predatory reef fish off Pemba Island, Tanzania. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 175:105587. [PMID: 35196583 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs across the world face significant threats from fishing and climate change, which tends to be most acute in shallower waters. This is the case off Pemba Island, Tanzania, yet the effects of these anthropogenic stressors on the distribution and abundance of economically and ecologically important predatory reef fish, including how they vary with depth and habitat type, is poorly understood. Thus, we deployed 79 baited remote underwater videos (BRUVs) in variable water depths and habitats off Pemba Island, and modeled the effects of depth and habitat on abundance of predatory reef fish. Predatory reef fish types/taxa were significantly predicted by depth and habitat types. Habitats in relatively deeper waters and dominated by hard and soft corals hosted high species richness and abundance of predatory reef fish types/taxa compared to mixed sandy and rubble habitats. The findings add to the growing evidence that deep waters around coral reefs are important habitats for predatory reef fish. Thus, careful management, through effective area and species protection measures, is needed to prevent further depletion of predatory reef-associated fish populations and to conserve this biologically important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kennedy E Osuka
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, United Kingdom; Coastal Oceans Research and Development - Indian Ocean (CORDIO East Africa), 9 Kibaki Flats P.O. Box 10135-80101, Mombasa, Kenya.
| | - Bryce D Stewart
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Melita Samoilys
- Coastal Oceans Research and Development - Indian Ocean (CORDIO East Africa), 9 Kibaki Flats P.O. Box 10135-80101, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Colin J McClean
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Musembi
- Coastal Oceans Research and Development - Indian Ocean (CORDIO East Africa), 9 Kibaki Flats P.O. Box 10135-80101, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Saleh Yahya
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - Ali R Hamad
- Department of Fisheries Development, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - James Mbugua
- Coastal Oceans Research and Development - Indian Ocean (CORDIO East Africa), 9 Kibaki Flats P.O. Box 10135-80101, Mombasa, Kenya
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