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Liu F, Cai S, Wu P, Dai L, Li X, Ai N, Feng G, Wang N, Zhou B. General Regulatory Factor7 regulates innate immune signalling to enhance Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:468-482. [PMID: 37776224 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Sessile growing plants are always vulnerable to microbial pathogen attacks throughout their lives. To fend off pathogen invasion, plants have evolved a sophisticated innate immune system that consists of cell surface receptors and intracellular receptors. Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinases (SERKs) belong to a small group of leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) that function as co-receptors regulating diverse physiological processes. GENRAL REGULATORY FACTOR (GRF) proteins play an important role in physiological signalling transduction. However, the function of GRF proteins in plant innate immune signalling remains elusive. Here, we identified a GRF gene, GauGRF7, that is expressed both constitutively and in response to fungal pathogen infection. Intriguingly, silencing of GRF7 compromised plant innate immunity, resulting in susceptibility to Verticillium dahliae infection. Both transgenic GauGRF7 cotton and transgenic GauGRF7 Arabidopsis lines enhanced the innate immune response to V. dahliae infection, leading to high expression of two helper NLRs (hNLR) genes (ADR1 and NRG1) and pathogenesis-related genes, and increased ROS production and salicylic acid level. Moreover, GauGRF7 interacted with GhSERK1, which positively regulated GRF7-mediated innate immune response in cotton and Arabidopsis. Our findings revealed the molecular mechanism of the GRF protein in plant immune signaling and offer potential opportunities for improving plant resistance to V. dahliae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wu
- College of Plant Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingjun Dai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Plant Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Nijiang Ai
- Shihezi Agricultural Science Research Institute, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoli Feng
- Shihezi Agricultural Science Research Institute, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningshan Wang
- Shihezi Agricultural Science Research Institute, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoliang Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production co-sponsored by Province and Ministry, Cotton Germplasm Enhancement and Application Engineering Research Center (Ministry of Education), Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Fiorillo A, Parmagnani AS, Visconti S, Mannino G, Camoni L, Maffei ME. 14-3-3 Proteins and the Plasma Membrane H +-ATPase Are Involved in Maize ( Zea mays) Magnetic Induction. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2887. [PMID: 37571041 PMCID: PMC10421175 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The geomagnetic field (GMF) is a natural component of the biosphere, and, during evolution, all organisms experienced its presence while some evolved the ability to perceive magnetic fields (MF). We studied the response of 14-3-3 proteins and the plasma membrane (PM) proton pump H+-ATPase to reduced GMF values by lowering the GMF intensity to a near-null magnetic field (NNMF). Seedling morphology, H+-ATPase activity and content, 14-3-3 protein content, binding to PM and phosphorylation, gene expression, and ROS quantification were assessed in maize (Zea mays) dark-grown seedlings. Phytohormone and melatonin quantification were also assessed by LG-MS/MS. Our results suggest that the GMF regulates the PM H+-ATPase, and that NNMF conditions alter the proton pump activity by reducing the binding of 14-3-3 proteins. This effect was associated with both a reduction in H2O2 and downregulation of genes coding for enzymes involved in ROS production and scavenging, as well as calcium homeostasis. These early events were followed by the downregulation of IAA synthesis and gene expression and the increase in both cytokinin and ABA, which were associated with a reduction in root growth. The expression of the homolog of the MagR gene, ZmISCA2, paralleled that of CRY1, suggesting a possible role of ISCA in maize magnetic induction. Interestingly, melatonin, a widespread molecule present in many kingdoms, was increased by the GMF reduction, suggesting a still unknown role of this molecule in magnetoreception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fiorillo
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (S.V.)
| | - Ambra S. Parmagnani
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy; (A.S.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Sabina Visconti
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (S.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Mannino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy; (A.S.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Camoni
- Department of Biology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy; (A.F.); (S.V.)
| | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy; (A.S.P.); (G.M.)
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Zhang Z, Gangurde SS, Chen S, Mandlik RR, Liu H, Deshmukh R, Xu J, Wu Z, Hong Y, Li Y. Overexpression of peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) AhGRFi gene enhanced root growth inhibition under exogenous NAA treatment in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1184058. [PMID: 37416889 PMCID: PMC10321354 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1184058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 protein is a kind of evolutionary ubiquitous protein family highly conserved in eukaryotes. Initially, 14-3-3 proteins were reported in mammalian nervous tissues, but in the last decade, their role in various metabolic pathways in plants established the importance of 14-3-3 proteins. In the present study, a total of 22 14-3-3 genes, also called general regulatory factors (GRF), were identified in the peanut (Arachis hypogaea) genome, out of which 12 belonged to the ε group, whereas 10 of them belonged to the non- ε-group. Tissue-specific expression of identified 14-3-3 genes were studied using transcriptome analysis. The peanut AhGRFi gene was cloned and transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana. The investigation of subcellular localization indicated that AhGRFi is localized in the cytoplasm. Overexpression of the AhGRFi gene in transgenic Arabidopsis showed that under exogenous 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) treatment, root growth inhibition in transgenic plants was enhanced. Further analysis indicated that the expression of auxin-responsive genes IAA3, IAA7, IAA17, and SAUR-AC1 was upregulated and GH3.2 and GH3.3 were downregulated in transgenic plants, but the expression of GH3.2, GH3.3, and SAUR-AC1 showed opposite trends of change under NAA treatment. These results suggest that AhGRFi may be involved in auxin signaling during seedling root development. An in-depth study of the molecular mechanism of this process remains to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sunil S. Gangurde
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, United States
| | - Songbin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rushil Ramesh Mandlik
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- Department of Agriculture Biotechnology, National Agri-food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, India
| | - Jialing Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongkang Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Hong
- Crops Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Zhang Y, Blahut-Beatty L, Zheng S, Clough SJ, Simmonds DH. The Role of a Soybean 14-3-3 Gene ( Glyma05g29080) on White Mold Resistance and Nodulation Investigations Using CRISPR-Cas9 Editing and RNA Silencing. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:159-164. [PMID: 36428245 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-07-22-0157-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The role of a soybean 14-3-3 gene (Glyma05g29080) in defense against white mold and in nodulation was investigated by loss-of-gene-function with CRISPR-Cas9 editing and silencing of RNA interference (RNAi). Particle bombardment was used to introduce the CRISPR expression cassette to target the soybean 14-3-3 gene and an RNAi construct to silence gene transcription. Transmission of the edited 14-3-3 gene and the RNAi construct was confirmed in their respective progeny. The recovered transgenic plants and their progeny were significantly more susceptible to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection and showed a significant reduction in nodulation, thus confirming the role of the 14-3-3 gene (Glyma05g29080) in both nodulation and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfang Zhang
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Laureen Blahut-Beatty
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Suqin Zheng
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Steven J Clough
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, U.S.A
| | - Daina H Simmonds
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Science and Technology, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, Canada
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5
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Zhang C, Atanasov KE, Alcázar R. Spermine inhibits PAMP-induced ROS and Ca2+ burst and reshapes the transcriptional landscape of PAMP-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:427-442. [PMID: 36264272 PMCID: PMC9786854 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are small polycationic amines whose levels increase during defense. Previous studies support the contribution of the polyamine spermine to defense responses. However, the potential contribution of spermine to pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) has not been completely established. Here, we compared the contribution of spermine and putrescine to early and late PTI responses in Arabidopsis. We found that putrescine and spermine have opposite effects on PAMP-elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, with putrescine increasing and spermine lowering the flg22-stimulated ROS burst. Through genetic and pharmacological approaches, we found that the inhibitory effect of spermine on flg22-elicited ROS production is independent of polyamine oxidation, nitric oxide, and salicylic acid signaling but resembles chemical inhibition of RBOHD (RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D). Spermine can also suppress ROS elicited by FLS2-independent but RBOHD-dependent pathways, thus pointing to compromised RBOHD activity. Consistent with this, we found that spermine but not putrescine dampens flg22-stimulated cytosolic Ca2+ influx. Finally, we found that both polyamines differentially reshape transcriptional responses during PTI and disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. Overall, we provide evidence for the differential contributions of putrescine and spermine to PTI, with an impact on plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment. Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kostadin E Atanasov
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment. Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Zhu Y, Kuang W, Leng J, Wang X, Qiu L, Kong X, Wang Y, Zhao Q. The apple 14-3-3 gene MdGRF6 negatively regulates salt tolerance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1161539. [PMID: 37077638 PMCID: PMC10106762 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1161539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 (GRF, general regulatory factor) regulatory proteins are highly conserved and are widely distributed throughout the eukaryotes. They are involved in the growth and development of organisms via target protein interactions. Although many plant 14-3-3 proteins were identified in response to stresses, little is known about their involvement in salt tolerance in apples. In our study, nineteen apple 14-3-3 proteins were cloned and identified. The transcript levels of Md14-3-3 genes were either up or down-regulated in response to salinity treatments. Specifically, the transcript level of MdGRF6 (a member of the Md14-3-3 genes family) decreased due to salt stress treatment. The phenotypes of transgenic tobacco lines and wild-type (WT) did not affect plant growth under normal conditions. However, the germination rate and salt tolerance of transgenic tobacco was lower compared to the WT. Transgenic tobacco demonstrated decreased salt tolerance. The transgenic apple calli overexpressing MdGRF6 exhibited greater sensitivity to salt stress compared to the WT plants, whereas the MdGRF6-RNAi transgenic apple calli improved salt stress tolerance. Moreover, the salt stress-related genes (MdSOS2, MdSOS3, MdNHX1, MdATK2/3, MdCBL-1, MdMYB46, MdWRKY30, and MdHB-7) were more strongly down-regulated in MdGRF6-OE transgenic apple calli lines than in the WT when subjected to salt stress treatment. Taken together, these results provide new insights into the roles of 14-3-3 protein MdGRF6 in modulating salt responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Kuang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Leng
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Linlin Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangyue Kong
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yongzhang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Zhao, ; Yongzhang Wang,
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Engineering Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of Shandong Province, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Fruit (Qingdao), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Agriculture Quality and Safety Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Zhao, ; Yongzhang Wang,
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7
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Wedemeyer MJ, Jennings EM, Smith HR, Chavera TS, Jamshidi RJ, Berg KA, Clarke WP. 14-3-3γ mediates the long-term inhibition of peripheral kappa opioid receptor antinociceptive signaling by norbinaltorphimine. Neuropharmacology 2022; 220:109251. [PMID: 36126728 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Long-term inhibition of kappa opioid receptor (KOR) signaling in peripheral pain-sensing neurons is a potential obstacle for development of peripherally-restricted KOR agonists that produce analgesia. Such a long-term inhibitory mechanism is invoked from activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) that follows a single injection of the KOR antagonist norbinaltorphimine (norBNI). This effect requires protein synthesis of an unknown mediator in peripheral pain-sensing neurons. Using 2D difference gel electrophoresis with tandem mass spectrometry, we have identified that the scaffolding protein 14-3-3γ is upregulated in peripheral sensory neurons following activation of JNK with norBNI. Knockdown of 14-3-3γ by siRNA eliminates the long-term reduction in KOR-mediated cAMP signaling by norBNI in peripheral sensory neurons in culture. Similarly, knockdown of 14-3-3γ in the rat hind paw abolished the norBNI-mediated long-term reduction in peripheral KOR-mediated antinociception. Further, overexpression of 14-3-3γ in KOR expressing CHO cells prevented KOR-mediated inhibition of cAMP signaling. These long-term effects are selective for KOR as heterologous regulation of other receptor systems was not observed. These data suggest that 14-3-3γ is both necessary and sufficient for the long-term inhibition of KOR by norBNI in peripheral sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wedemeyer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Elaine M Jennings
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hudson R Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Teresa S Chavera
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Raehannah J Jamshidi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kelly A Berg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - William P Clarke
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Receptor for Activated C Kinase1B (OsRACK1B) Impairs Fertility in Rice through NADPH-Dependent H2O2 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158455. [PMID: 35955593 PMCID: PMC9368841 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The scaffold protein receptor for Activated C Kinase1 (RACK1) regulates multiple aspects of plants, including seed germination, growth, environmental stress responses, and flowering. Recent studies have revealed that RACK1 is associated with NADPH-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling in plants. ROS, as a double-edged sword, can modulate several developmental pathways in plants. Thus, the resulting physiological consequences of perturbing the RACK1 expression-induced ROS balance remain to be explored. Herein, we combined molecular, pharmacological, and ultrastructure analysis approaches to investigate the hypothesized connection using T-DNA-mediated activation-tagged RACK1B overexpressed (OX) transgenic rice plants. In this study, we find that OsRACK1B-OX plants display reduced pollen viability, defective anther dehiscence, and abnormal spikelet morphology, leading to partial spikelet sterility. Microscopic observation of the mature pollen grains from the OX plants revealed abnormalities in the exine and intine structures and decreased starch granules in the pollen, resulting in a reduced number of grains per locule from the OX rice plants as compared to that of the wild-type (WT). Histochemical staining revealed a global increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the leaves and roots of the transgenic lines overexpressing OsRACK1B compared to that of the WT. However, the elevated H2O2 in tissues from the OX plants can be reversed by pre-treatment with diphenylidonium (DPI), an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, indicating that the source of H2O2 could be, in part, NADPH oxidase. Expression analysis showed a differential expression of the NADPH/respiratory burst oxidase homolog D (RbohD) and antioxidant enzyme-related genes, suggesting a homeostatic mechanism of H2O2 production and antioxidant enzyme activity. BiFC analysis demonstrated that OsRACK1B interacts with the N-terminal region of RbohD in vivo. Taken together, these data indicate that elevated OsRACK1B accumulates a threshold level of ROS, in this case H2O2, which negatively regulates pollen development and fertility. In conclusion, we hypothesized that an optimal expression of RACK1 is critical for fertility in rice plants.
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Overexpression of OsGF14f Enhances Quantitative Leaf Blast and Bacterial Blight Resistance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137440. [PMID: 35806444 PMCID: PMC9266906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is known that rice 14-3-3 family genes are involved in various defense responses, the functions of OsGF14f in response to diseases have not been reported. Here, we showed that the transcription of OsGF14f was significantly induced by leaf blast infection, and the overexpression of OsGF14f quantitatively enhanced resistance to leaf blast and bacterial blight in rice. Further analysis showed that the expression levels of salicylic acid (SA) pathway-associated genes (PAL1, NH1, PR1a and PR10) in the OsGF14f-overexpressing plants, were higher than those in wild-type plants after inoculation with the blast isolate (Magnaporthe oryzae Barr). In addition, the expression level of OsGF14f was significantly induced after SA treatment, and higher endogenous SA levels were observed in the OsGF14f-overexpressing plants compared with that in wild-type plants, especially after blast challenge. Taken together, these results suggest that OsGF14f positively regulates leaf blast and bacterial blight resistance in rice via the SA-dependent signaling pathway.
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10
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Cordelier S, Crouzet J, Gilliard G, Dorey S, Deleu M, Dhondt-Cordelier S. Deciphering the role of plant plasma membrane lipids in response to invasion patterns: how could biology and biophysics help? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2765-2784. [PMID: 35560208 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants have to constantly face pathogen attacks. To cope with diseases, they have to detect the invading pathogen as early as possible via the sensing of conserved motifs called invasion patterns. The first step of perception occurs at the plasma membrane. While many invasion patterns are perceived by specific proteinaceous immune receptors, several studies have highlighted the influence of the lipid composition and dynamics of the plasma membrane in the sensing of invasion patterns. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on how some microbial invasion patterns could interact with the lipids of the plasma membrane, leading to a plant immune response. Depending on the invasion pattern, different mechanisms are involved. This review outlines the potential of combining biological with biophysical approaches to decipher how plasma membrane lipids are involved in the perception of microbial invasion patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Cordelier
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, RIBP EA 4707, USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Jérôme Crouzet
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, RIBP EA 4707, USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Guillaume Gilliard
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, TERRA Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, 2 Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Stéphan Dorey
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, RIBP EA 4707, USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Magali Deleu
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, TERRA Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, 2 Passage des Déportés, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Dhondt-Cordelier
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, RIBP EA 4707, USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 51100 Reims, France
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11
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Rodrigues O, Shan L. Stomata in a state of emergency: H 2O 2 is the target locked. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:274-286. [PMID: 34756808 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movements are essential for plants to regulate photosynthesis rate, water status, and immunity. Upon stress stimulation, the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the apoplasts and its accumulation within the guard cells are among key determinatives for stomatal closure. The regulatory mechanisms of H2O2 production and transport under plant-pathogen interaction and drought stress response in stomata are important fields of research. Specifically, the regulation of NADPH oxidases and aquaporins appears to be crucial in H2O2-controlled stomatal closure. In this review, we summarize how the calcium-dependent and calcium-independent mechanisms activate RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG (RBOH)D/F NADPH oxidases and the aquaporin PIP2;1 to induce stomatal closure, and highlight how the H2O2 production is targeted by pathogen toxins and effectors to counteract plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Unité de Recherche Physiologie, Pathologie et Génétique Végétales, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, INP-PURPAN, F-31076 Toulouse, France.
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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12
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Gao Z, Zhang D, Wang X, Zhang X, Wen Z, Zhang Q, Li D, Dinesh-Kumar SP, Zhang Y. Coat proteins of necroviruses target 14-3-3a to subvert MAPKKKα-mediated antiviral immunity in plants. Nat Commun 2022; 13:716. [PMID: 35132090 PMCID: PMC8821596 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play an important role in innate immunity against various pathogens in plants and animals. However, we know very little about the importance of MAPK cascades in plant defense against viral pathogens. Here, we used a positive-strand RNA necrovirus, beet black scorch virus (BBSV), as a model to investigate the relationship between MAPK signaling and virus infection. Our findings showed that BBSV infection activates MAPK signaling, whereas viral coat protein (CP) counteracts MAPKKKα-mediated antiviral defense. CP does not directly target MAPKKKα, instead it competitively interferes with the binding of 14-3-3a to MAPKKKα in a dose-dependent manner. This results in the instability of MAPKKKα and subversion of MAPKKKα-mediated antiviral defense. Considering the conservation of 14-3-3-binding sites in the CPs of diverse plant viruses, we provide evidence that 14-3-3-MAPKKKα defense signaling module is a target of viral effectors in the ongoing arms race of defense and viral counter-defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Dingliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Qianshen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Dawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Savithramma P Dinesh-Kumar
- Department of Plant Biology and The Genome Center, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agro-Biotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, 100193, Beijing, China.
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13
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Priming with γ-Aminobutyric Acid against Botrytis cinerea Reshuffles Metabolism and Reactive Oxygen Species: Dissecting Signalling and Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121174. [PMID: 33255543 PMCID: PMC7759855 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress-inducible non-proteinogenic amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is known to alleviate several (a)biotic stresses in plants. GABA forms an important link between carbon and nitrogen metabolism and has been proposed as a signalling molecule in plants. Here, we set out to establish GABA as a priming compound against Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana and how metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are influenced after GABA treatment and infection. We show that GABA already primes disease resistance at low concentrations (100 µM), comparable to the well-characterized priming agent β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA). Treatment with GABA reduced ROS burst in response to flg22 (bacterial peptide derived from flagellum) and oligogalacturonides (OGs). Plants treated with GABA showed reduced H2O2 accumulation after infection due to increased activity of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase. Contrary to 100 µM GABA treatments, 1 mM exogenous GABA induced endogenous GABA before and after infection. Strikingly, 1 mM GABA promoted total and active nitrate reductase activity whereas 100 µM inhibited active nitrate reductase. Sucrose accumulated after GABA treatment, whereas glucose and fructose only accumulated in treated plants after infection. We propose that extracellular GABA signalling and endogenous metabolism can be separated at low exogenous concentrations.
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14
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Hu CH, Wang PQ, Zhang PP, Nie XM, Li BB, Tai L, Liu WT, Li WQ, Chen KM. NADPH Oxidases: The Vital Performers and Center Hubs during Plant Growth and Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:E437. [PMID: 32069961 PMCID: PMC7072856 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOXs), mostly known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs), are the key producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants. A lot of literature has addressed ROS signaling in plant development regulation and stress responses as well as on the enzyme's structure, evolution, function, regulation and associated mechanisms, manifesting the role of NOXs/RBOHs as the vital performers and center hubs during plant growth and signaling. This review focuses on recent advances of NOXs/RBOHs on cell growth, hormone interaction, calcium signaling, abiotic stress responses, and immunity. Several primary particles, including Ca2+, CDPKs, BIK1, ROPs/RACs, CERK, FER, ANX, SnRK and SIK1-mediated regulatory mechanisms, are fully summarized to illustrate the signaling behavior of NOXs/RBOHs and their sophisticated and dexterous crosstalks. Diverse expression and activation regulation models endow NOXs/RBOHs powerful and versatile functions in plants to maintain innate immune homeostasis and development integrity. NOXs/RBOHs and their related regulatory items are the ideal targets for crop improvement in both yield and quality during agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466000, Henan, China
| | - Peng-Qi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng-Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiu-Min Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bin-Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Gronnier J, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Germain V, Mongrand S, Simon-Plas F. Divide and Rule: Plant Plasma Membrane Organization. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 23:899-917. [PMID: 30174194 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Since the publication of the fluid mosaic as a relevant model for biological membranes, accumulating evidence has revealed the outstanding complexity of the composition and organization of the plant plasma membrane (PM). Powerful new methodologies have uncovered the remarkable multiscale and multicomponent heterogeneity of PM subcompartmentalization, and this is emerging as a general trait with different features and properties. It is now evident that the dynamics of such a complex organization are intrinsically related to signaling pathways that regulate key physiological processes. Listing and linking recent progress in precisely qualifying these heterogeneities will help to draw an integrated picture of the plant PM. Understanding the key principles governing such a complex dynamic organization will contribute to deciphering the crucial role of the PM in cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Gronnier
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Present address: Laboratory of Cyril Zipfel, Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Gerbeau-Pissot
- Agroécologie, Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation, et de l'Environnement (AgroSup) Dijon, CNRS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Véronique Germain
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire (LBM), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 5200, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Agroécologie, Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation, et de l'Environnement (AgroSup) Dijon, CNRS, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France; These authors contributed equally to this work.
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16
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Minh-Thu PT, Kim JS, Chae S, Jun KM, Lee GS, Kim DE, Cheong JJ, Song SI, Nahm BH, Kim YK. A WUSCHEL Homeobox Transcription Factor, OsWOX13, Enhances Drought Tolerance and Triggers Early Flowering in Rice. Mol Cells 2018; 41:781-798. [PMID: 30078233 PMCID: PMC6125423 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved strategies to cope with drought stress by maximizing physiological capacity and adjusting developmental processes such as flowering time. The WOX13 orthologous group is the most conserved among the clade of WOX homeodomain-containing proteins and is found to function in both drought stress and flower development. In this study, we isolated and characterized OsWOX13 from rice. OsWOX13 was regulated spatially in vegetative organs but temporally in flowers and seeds. Overexpression of OsWOX13 (OsWOX13-ov) in rice under the rab21 promoter resulted in drought resistance and early flowering by 7-10 days. Screening of gene expression profiles in mature leaf and panicles of OsWOX13-ov showed a broad spectrum of effects on biological processes, such as abiotic and biotic stresses, exerting a cross-talk between responses. Protein binding microarray and electrophoretic mobility shift assay analyses supported ATTGATTG as the putative cis-element binding of OsWOX13. OsDREB1A and OsDREB1F, drought stress response transcription factors, contain ATTGATTG motif(s) in their promoters and are preferentially expressed in OsWOX13-ov. In addition, Heading date 3a and OsMADS14, regulators in the flowering pathway and development, were enhanced in OsWOX13-ov. These results suggest that OsWOX13 mediates the stress response and early flowering and, thus, may be a regulator of genes involved in drought escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham-Thi Minh-Thu
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin 17058,
Korea
| | - Joung Sug Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin 17058,
Korea
| | - Songhwa Chae
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin 17058,
Korea
| | - Kyong Mi Jun
- Genomics Genetics Institute, GreenGene Biotech Inc., Yongin 17058,
Korea
| | - Gang-Seob Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jeonju 54875,
Korea
| | - Dong-Eun Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029,
Korea
| | - Jong-Joo Cheong
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
Korea
| | - Sang Ik Song
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin 17058,
Korea
| | - Baek Hie Nahm
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin 17058,
Korea
- Genomics Genetics Institute, GreenGene Biotech Inc., Yongin 17058,
Korea
| | - Yeon-Ki Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin 17058,
Korea
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17
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Rathi D, Pareek A, Gayali S, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty N. Variety-specific nutrient acquisition and dehydration-induced proteomic landscape of grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.). J Proteomics 2018; 183:45-57. [PMID: 29852296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Grasspea, a stress-resilient pulse crop, has largely remained outside the realm of phytochemical and functional genomics analyses despite its high nutritional significance. To unravel the intervarietal variability in nutrient acquisition of grasspea, we conducted a series of physicochemical experiments using two cultivated varieties, LP-24 and Prateek. The analyses revealed high percentage of starch, cellulose, peroxides, carotenoids, phytic acid and minerals in cv. LP-24, whereas large amounts of protein, soluble carbohydrates and antioxidants in Prateek. To dissect the mechanism of stress tolerance, 3-week-old seedlings of cv. LP-24 and Prateek were afflicted with dehydration for a period of 144 h. The physicochemical indices indicated better adaptation in cv. LP-24, with high abundance of proline, phenolics and flavonoids. Dehydration-responsive proteome landscape of cv. LP-24 revealed 152 proteins with variance at a statistically 94% significance level. The comparative proteomics analysis led to the identification of 120 dehydration-responsive proteins (DRPs), most of which were associated with carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid synthesis, antioxidant reactions and cell defense. We report, for the first time, the dehydration-induced proteome landscape of grasspea, whose genome is yet to be sequenced. The results provide unique insights into variety-specific nutrient acquisition attributes and dehydration-tolerance of grasspea. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Grasspea is a great source of protein and antioxidants with nitrogen fixing ability, besides its tolerance to multivariate environmental stress as compared to major legume species. This represents the first report on nutrient profile and health-promoting attributes of grasspea. The cultivars under study are nutritionally enriched that possess high protein, amino acids and health-promoting factors and may therefore be projected as a vital part of a healthy diet. Grasspea is known for its hardy nature, water-use efficiency and efficacy as a stress-tolerant pulse. Further, this study portrays the dehydration-responsive proteomic landscape of grasspea. The proteomics analyses provide crucial insights into the dehydration response, presumably orchestrated by proteins belonging to an array of functional classes including photosynthesis, protein and RNA metabolism, protein folding, antioxidant enzymes and defense. The interplay of the differentially regulated proteins might aid in reinforcing the mechanisms of dehydration avoidance and/or tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Rathi
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Akanksha Pareek
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Saurabh Gayali
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
| | - Niranjan Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India.
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18
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Zhang TJ, Shi L, Chen DD, Liu R, Shi DK, Wu CG, Sun ZH, Ren A, Zhao MW. 14-3-3 proteins are involved in growth, hyphal branching, ganoderic acid biosynthesis, and response to abiotic stress in Ganoderma lucidum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:1769-1782. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Gupta DB, Rai Y, Gayali S, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty N. Plant Organellar Proteomics in Response to Dehydration: Turning Protein Repertoire into Insights. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:460. [PMID: 27148291 PMCID: PMC4829595 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Stress adaptation or tolerance in plants is a complex phenomenon involving changes in physiological and metabolic processes. Plants must develop elaborate networks of defense mechanisms, and adapt to and survive for sustainable agriculture. Water-deficit or dehydration is the most critical environmental factor that plants are exposed to during their life cycle, which influences geographical distribution and productivity of many crop species. The cellular responses to dehydration are orchestrated by a series of multidirectional relays of biochemical events at organelle level. The new challenge is to dissect the underlying mechanisms controlling the perception of stress signals and their transmission to cellular machinery for activation of adaptive responses. The completeness of current descriptions of spatial distribution of proteins, the relevance of subcellular locations in diverse functional processes, and the changes of protein abundance in response to dehydration hold the key to understanding how plants cope with such stress conditions. During past decades, organellar proteomics has proved to be useful not only for deciphering reprograming of plant responses to dehydration, but also to dissect stress-responsive pathways. This review summarizes a range of organellar proteomics investigations under dehydration to gain a holistic view of plant responses to water-deficit conditions, which may facilitate future efforts to develop genetically engineered crops for better adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti B. Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI UniversityNew Delhi, India
| | - Yogita Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI UniversityNew Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Gayali
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University CampusNew Delhi, India
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University CampusNew Delhi, India
| | - Niranjan Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University CampusNew Delhi, India
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20
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Dmochowska-Boguta M, Alaba S, Yanushevska Y, Piechota U, Lasota E, Nadolska-Orczyk A, Karlowski WM, Orczyk W. Pathogen-regulated genes in wheat isogenic lines differing in resistance to brown rust Puccinia triticina. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:742. [PMID: 26438375 PMCID: PMC4595183 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1932-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inoculation of wheat plants with Puccinia triticina (Pt) spores activates a wide range of host responses. Compatible Pt interaction with susceptible Thatcher plants supports all stages of the pathogen life cycle. Incompatible interaction with TcLr9 activates defense responses including oxidative burst and micronecrotic reactions associated with the pathogen's infection structures and leads to complete termination of pathogen development. These two contrasting host-pathogen interactions were a foundation for transcriptome analysis of incompatible wheat-Pt interaction. METHODS A suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) library was constructed using cDNA from pathogen-inoculated susceptible Thatcher and resistant TcLr9 isogenic lines. cDNA represented steps of wheat-brown rust interactions: spore germination, haustorium mother cell (HMC) formation and micronecrotic reactions. All ESTs were clustered and validated by similarity search to wheat genome using BLASTn and sim4db tools. qRT-PCR was used to determine transcript levels of selected ESTs after inoculation in both lines. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Out of 793 isolated cDNA clones, 183 were classified into 152 contigs. 89 cDNA clones and encoded proteins were functionally annotated and assigned to 5 Gene Ontology categories: catalytic activity 48 clones (54 %), binding 32 clones (36 %), transporter activity 6 clones (7 %), structural molecule activity 2 clones (2 %) and molecular transducer activity 1 clone (1 %). Detailed expression profiles of 8 selected clones were analyzed using the same plant-pathogen system. The strongest induction after pathogen infection and the biggest differences between resistant and susceptible interactions were detected for clones encoding wall-associated kinase (GenBank accession number JG969003), receptor with leucine-rich repeat domain (JG968955), putative serine/threonine protein kinase (JG968944), calcium-mediated signaling protein (JG968925) and 14-3-3 protein (JG968969). CONCLUSIONS The SSH library represents transcripts regulated by pathogen infection during compatible and incompatible interactions of wheat with P. triticina. Annotation of selected clones confirms their putative roles in successive steps of plant-pathogen interactions. The transcripts can be categorized as defense-related due to their involvement in either basal defense or resistance through an R-gene mediated reaction. The possible involvement of selected clones in pathogen recognition and pathogen-induced signaling as well as resistance mechanisms such as cell wall enforcement, oxidative burst and micronecrotic reactions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Dmochowska-Boguta
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization, Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Alaba
- Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Yuliya Yanushevska
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization, Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland.
| | - Urszula Piechota
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization, Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland.
| | - Elzbieta Lasota
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization, Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland.
| | - Anna Nadolska-Orczyk
- Department of Functional Genomics, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization, Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland.
| | - Wojciech M Karlowski
- Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Waclaw Orczyk
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization, Institute - National Research Institute, Radzikow, 05-870, Blonie, Poland.
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21
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Kadota Y, Shirasu K, Zipfel C. Regulation of the NADPH Oxidase RBOHD During Plant Immunity. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 56:1472-80. [PMID: 25941234 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 362] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen recognition induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidases in both plants and animals. ROS have direct antimicrobial properties, but also serve as signaling molecules to activate further immune outputs. However, ROS production has to be tightly controlled to avoid detrimental effects on host cells, but yet must be produced in the right amount, at the right place and at the right time upon pathogen perception. Plant NADPH oxidases belong to the respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) family, which contains 10 members in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) leads to a rapid, specific and strong production of ROS, which is dependent on RBOHD. RBOHD is mainly controlled by Ca(2+) via direct binding to EF-hand motifs and phosphorylation by Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinases. Recent studies have, however, revealed a critical role for a Ca(2+)-independent regulation of RBOHD. The plasma membrane-associated cytoplasmic kinase BIK1 (BOTRYTIS-INDUCED KINASE1), which is a direct substrate of the PRR complex, directly interacts with and phosphorylates RBOHD upon PAMP perception. Impairment of these phosphorylation events completely abolishes the function of RBOHD in immunity. These results suggest that RBOHD activity is tightly controlled by multilayered regulations. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms controlling RBOHD activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kadota
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
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22
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Lozano-Durán R, Robatzek S. 14-3-3 proteins in plant-pathogen interactions. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2015; 28:511-8. [PMID: 25584723 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-14-0322-cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins define a eukaryotic-specific protein family with a general role in signal transduction. Primarily, 14-3-3 proteins act as phosphosensors, binding phosphorylated client proteins and modulating their functions. Since phosphorylation regulates a plethora of different physiological responses in plants, 14-3-3 proteins play roles in multiple signaling pathways, including those controlling metabolism, hormone signaling, cell division, and responses to abiotic and biotic stimuli. Increasing evidence supports a prominent role of 14-3-3 proteins in regulating plant immunity against pathogens at various levels. In this review, potential links between 14-3-3 function and the regulation of plant-pathogen interactions are discussed, with a special focus on the regulation of 14-3-3 proteins in response to pathogen perception, interactions between 14-3-3 proteins and defense-related proteins, and 14-3-3 proteins as targets of pathogen effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Lozano-Durán
- 1The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, U.K
- 2Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3888 Chenhua Rd, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Silke Robatzek
- 1The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, NR4 7UH Norwich, U.K
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23
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Bigeard J, Colcombet J, Hirt H. Signaling mechanisms in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:521-39. [PMID: 25744358 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2014.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In nature, plants constantly have to face pathogen attacks. However, plant disease rarely occurs due to efficient immune systems possessed by the host plants. Pathogens are perceived by two different recognition systems that initiate the so-called pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), both of which are accompanied by a set of induced defenses that usually repel pathogen attacks. Here we discuss the complex network of signaling pathways occurring during PTI, focusing on the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bigeard
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA/CNRS/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne/Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Jean Colcombet
- Unité de Recherche en Génomique Végétale (URGV), UMR INRA/CNRS/Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne/Saclay Plant Sciences, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, 91057 Evry, France
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Center for Desert Agriculture, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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24
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Adachi H, Yoshioka H. Kinase-mediated orchestration of NADPH oxidase in plant immunity. Brief Funct Genomics 2015; 14:253-9. [PMID: 25740095 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signalling molecules, which participate in multiple physiological processes including immune response, development, cell elongation and hormonal signalling in plants. Plant NADPH oxidase, termed respiratory burst oxidase homologue (RBOH), is frequently studied as a main player for pathogen-responsive ROS burst. Our understanding of the activation mechanism of RBOH after pathogen recognition has increased in recent years. In this review, we focus on kinase-mediated regulatory mechanisms of RBOHs. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are well known to activate RBOHs by direct phosphorylation. In addition to functions of CDPKs in plants, we also describe the involvement of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in fine-tuning RBOH activity at the post-translational and transcriptional levels, respectively.
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25
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Coursol S, Fromentin J, Noirot E, Brière C, Robert F, Morel J, Liang YK, Lherminier J, Simon-Plas F. Long-chain bases and their phosphorylated derivatives differentially regulate cryptogein-induced production of reactive oxygen species in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) BY-2 cells. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 205:1239-1249. [PMID: 25303640 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The proteinaceous elicitor cryptogein triggers defence reactions in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) through a signalling cascade, including the early production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the plasma membrane (PM)-located tobacco respiratory burst oxidase homologue D (NtRbohD). Sphingolipid long-chain bases (LCBs) are emerging as potent positive regulators of plant defence-related mechanisms. This led us to question whether both LCBs and their phosphorylated derivatives (LCB-Ps) are involved in the early signalling process triggered by cryptogein in tobacco BY-2 cells. Here, we showed that cryptogein-induced ROS production was inhibited by LCB kinase (LCBK) inhibitors. Additionally, Arabidopsis thaliana sphingosine kinase 1 and exogenously supplied LCB-Ps increased cryptogein-induced ROS production, whereas exogenously supplied LCBs had a strong opposite effect, which was not driven by a reduction in cellular viability. Immunogold-electron microscopy assay also revealed that LCB-Ps are present in the PM, which fits well with the presence of a high LCBK activity associated with this fraction. Our data demonstrate that LCBs and LCB-Ps differentially regulate cryptogein-induced ROS production in tobacco BY-2 cells, and support a model in which a cooperative synergism between LCBK/LCB-Ps and NtRbohD/ROS in the cryptogein signalling pathway is likely at the PM in tobacco BY-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Coursol
- INRA, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
- AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, RD10, F-78026, Versailles, France
| | - Jérôme Fromentin
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, F-21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Elodie Noirot
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, F-21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Christian Brière
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR 5546, Université de Toulouse, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, CNRS, UMR 5546, BP 42617, F-31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Franck Robert
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, F-21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Johanne Morel
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, F-21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Yun-Kuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jeannine Lherminier
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, F-21065, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- INRA, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, ERL CNRS 6300, BP 86510, F-21065, Dijon Cedex, France
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26
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YOSHIOKA H, ADACHI H, ISHIHAMA N, NAKANO T, SHIRAISHI Y, MIYAGAWA N, NOMURA H, YOSHIOKA M, ASAI S. Molecular mechanisms of ROS burst conferred by protein phosphorylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3186/jjphytopath.81.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. YOSHIOKA
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
| | - H. ADACHI
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
| | | | - T. NAKANO
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
| | - Y. SHIRAISHI
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
| | | | - H. NOMURA
- Gifu Women’s University, Department of Health and Nutrition
| | - M. YOSHIOKA
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
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27
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Cotelle V, Leonhardt N. 14-3-3 Proteins in Guard Cell Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1210. [PMID: 26858725 PMCID: PMC4729941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells are specialized cells located at the leaf surface delimiting pores which control gas exchanges between the plant and the atmosphere. To optimize the CO2 uptake necessary for photosynthesis while minimizing water loss, guard cells integrate environmental signals to adjust stomatal aperture. The size of the stomatal pore is regulated by movements of the guard cells driven by variations in their volume and turgor. As guard cells perceive and transduce a wide array of environmental cues, they provide an ideal system to elucidate early events of plant signaling. Reversible protein phosphorylation events are known to play a crucial role in the regulation of stomatal movements. However, in some cases, phosphorylation alone is not sufficient to achieve complete protein regulation, but is necessary to mediate the binding of interactors that modulate protein function. Among the phosphopeptide-binding proteins, the 14-3-3 proteins are the best characterized in plants. The 14-3-3s are found as multiple isoforms in eukaryotes and have been shown to be involved in the regulation of stomatal movements. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about 14-3-3 roles in the regulation of their binding partners in guard cells: receptors, ion pumps, channels, protein kinases, and some of their substrates. Regulation of these targets by 14-3-3 proteins is discussed and related to their function in guard cells during stomatal movements in response to abiotic or biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Cotelle
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPSCastanet-Tolosan, France
- *Correspondence: Valérie Cotelle,
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- UMR7265, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, CNRS–CEA–Université Aix-MarseilleSaint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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28
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Cotelle V, Leonhardt N. 14-3-3 Proteins in Guard Cell Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015. [PMID: 26858725 DOI: 10.3389/fpis.2015.01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Guard cells are specialized cells located at the leaf surface delimiting pores which control gas exchanges between the plant and the atmosphere. To optimize the CO2 uptake necessary for photosynthesis while minimizing water loss, guard cells integrate environmental signals to adjust stomatal aperture. The size of the stomatal pore is regulated by movements of the guard cells driven by variations in their volume and turgor. As guard cells perceive and transduce a wide array of environmental cues, they provide an ideal system to elucidate early events of plant signaling. Reversible protein phosphorylation events are known to play a crucial role in the regulation of stomatal movements. However, in some cases, phosphorylation alone is not sufficient to achieve complete protein regulation, but is necessary to mediate the binding of interactors that modulate protein function. Among the phosphopeptide-binding proteins, the 14-3-3 proteins are the best characterized in plants. The 14-3-3s are found as multiple isoforms in eukaryotes and have been shown to be involved in the regulation of stomatal movements. In this review, we describe the current knowledge about 14-3-3 roles in the regulation of their binding partners in guard cells: receptors, ion pumps, channels, protein kinases, and some of their substrates. Regulation of these targets by 14-3-3 proteins is discussed and related to their function in guard cells during stomatal movements in response to abiotic or biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Cotelle
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Nathalie Leonhardt
- UMR7265, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement des Plantes, Service de Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, CNRS-CEA-Université Aix-Marseille Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
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29
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McLachlan DH, Kopischke M, Robatzek S. Gate control: guard cell regulation by microbial stress. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:1049-1063. [PMID: 25040778 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial plants rely on stomata, small pores in the leaf surface, for photosynthetic gas exchange and transpiration of water. The stomata, formed by a pair of guard cells, dynamically increase and decrease their volume to control the pore size in response to environmental cues. Stresses can trigger similar or opposing movements: for example, drought induces closure of stomata, whereas many pathogens exploit stomata and cause them to open to facilitate entry into plant tissues. The latter is an active process as stomatal closure is part of the plant's immune response. Stomatal research has contributed much to clarify the signalling pathways of abiotic stress, but guard cell signalling in response to microbes is a relatively new area of research. In this article, we discuss present knowledge of stomatal regulation in response to microbes and highlight common points of convergence, and differences, compared to stomatal regulation by abiotic stresses. We also expand on the mechanisms by which pathogens manipulate these processes to promote disease, for example by delivering effectors to inhibit closure or trigger opening of stomata. The study of pathogen effectors in stomatal manipulation will aid our understanding of guard cell signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Silke Robatzek
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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30
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Feng E, Chen H, Li Y, Jiang W, Wang Z, Yin Y. Gene cloning, expression, and function analysis of SpL14-3-3ζ in Spodoptera litura and its response to the entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 172-173:49-56. [PMID: 24747013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins, a highly evolutionarily conserved and ubiquitous protein family in eukaryotic cells, have a range of biological functions including regulation of signal transduction, stress response, apoptosis, and control of the cell cycle. To investigate the function of 14-3-3 in Spodoptera litura, the full length of 14-3-3ζ was cloned from S. litura on the basis of an expressed sequence tag of 14-3-3ζ from the S. litura fat body suppression subtractive hybridization library, and named SpL14-3-3ζ. SpL14-3-3ζ cDNA was 1196 bp with an open reading frame of 744 bp, encoding 247 amino acids. Multiple alignment analysis revealed the putative amino acids shared >80% homology with 14-3-3ζ from other organisms and shared typical conservative structures. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed SpL14-3-3ζ was closely related to other available Lepidoptera 14-3-3ζ. Real-time PCR analysis indicated SpL14-3-3ζ was expressed throughout the developmental stages of S. litura, with a relatively high expression level in pre-pupa, and was expressed constitutively in all examined tissues with relatively high levels in hemocytes and midgut. Moreover, the transcription level of SpL14-3-3ζ could be induced by Nomuraea rileyi infection, up-regulated in hemocytes, followed by head, fat body and midgut. Knocking down SpL14-3-3ζ transcripts by RNAi significantly increased S. litura sensitivity to fungal infection, and resulted in higher mortality of S. litura during the larval development. These results provide novel insights into the 14-3-3ζ signal regulation which may be related to host defense as well as larval development in S. litura.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryan Feng
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, 400030, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, 400030, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, 400030, China
| | - Zhongkang Wang
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, 400030, China
| | - Youping Yin
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Fungal Insecticide, 400030, China.
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31
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Kadota Y, Sklenar J, Derbyshire P, Stransfeld L, Asai S, Ntoukakis V, Jones JD, Shirasu K, Menke F, Jones A, Zipfel C. Direct regulation of the NADPH oxidase RBOHD by the PRR-associated kinase BIK1 during plant immunity. Mol Cell 2014; 54:43-55. [PMID: 24630626 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 552] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The rapid production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst is a conserved signaling output in immunity across kingdoms. In plants, perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activates the NADPH oxidase RBOHD by hitherto unknown mechanisms. Here, we show that RBOHD exists in complex with the receptor kinases EFR and FLS2, which are the PRRs for bacterial EF-Tu and flagellin, respectively. The plasma-membrane-associated kinase BIK1, which is a direct substrate of the PRR complex, directly interacts with and phosphorylates RBOHD upon PAMP perception. BIK1 phosphorylates different residues than calcium-dependent protein kinases, and both PAMP-induced BIK1 activation and BIK1-mediated phosphorylation of RBOHD are calcium independent. Importantly, phosphorylation of these residues is critical for the PAMP-induced ROS burst and antibacterial immunity. Our study reveals a rapid regulatory mechanism of a plant RBOH, which occurs in parallel with and is essential for its paradigmatic calcium-based regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kadota
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Jan Sklenar
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Paul Derbyshire
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Lena Stransfeld
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Shuta Asai
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Vardis Ntoukakis
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jonathan Dg Jones
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Plant Immunity Research Group, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22 Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Frank Menke
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Alexandra Jones
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Cyril Zipfel
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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32
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Lozano-Durán R, Bourdais G, He SY, Robatzek S. The bacterial effector HopM1 suppresses PAMP-triggered oxidative burst and stomatal immunity. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 202:259-269. [PMID: 24372399 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Successful pathogens counter immunity at multiple levels, mostly through the action of effectors. Pseudomonas syringae secretes c. 30 effectors, some of which have been shown to inhibit plant immunity triggered upon perception of conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). One of these is HopM1, which impairs late immune responses through targeting the vesicle trafficking-related AtMIN7 for degradation. Here, we report that in planta expressed HopM1 suppresses two early PAMP-triggered responses, the oxidative burst and stomatal immunity, both of which seem to require proteasomal function but are independent of AtMIN7. Notably, a 14-3-3 protein, GRF8/AtMIN10, was found previously to be a target of HopM1 in vivo, and expression of HopM1 mimics the effect of chemically and genetically disrupting 14-3-3 function. Our data further show that the function of 14-3-3 proteins is required for PAMP-triggered oxidative burst and stomatal immunity, and chemical-mediated disruption of the 14-3-3 interactions with their client proteins restores virulence of a HopM1-deficient P. syringae mutant, providing a link between HopM1 and the involvement of 14-3-3 proteins in plant immunity. Taken together, these results unveil the impact of HopM1 on the PAMP-triggered oxidative burst and stomatal immunity in an AtMIN7-independent manner, most likely acting at the function of (a) 14-3-3 protein(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Lozano-Durán
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Gildas Bourdais
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Sheng Yang He
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute-Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Silke Robatzek
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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33
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Kaur G, Sharma A, Guruprasad K, Pati PK. Versatile roles of plant NADPH oxidases and emerging concepts. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 32:551-63. [PMID: 24561450 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase (NOX) is a key player in the network of reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing enzymes. It catalyzes the production of superoxide (O2(-)), that in turn regulates a wide range of biological functions in a broad range of organisms. Plant Noxes are known as respiratory burst oxidase homologs (Rbohs) and are homologs of catalytic subunit of mammalian phagocyte gp91(phox). They are unique among other ROS producing mechanisms in plants as they integrate different signal transduction pathways in plants. In recent years, there has been addition of knowledge on various aspects related to its structure, regulatory components and associated mechanisms, and its plethora of biological functions. This update highlights some of the recent developments in the field with particular reference to important members of the plant kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Kunchur Guruprasad
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University (GNDU), Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India.
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34
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Gerbeau-Pissot P, Der C, Thomas D, Anca IA, Grosjean K, Roche Y, Perrier-Cornet JM, Mongrand S, Simon-Plas F. Modification of plasma membrane organization in tobacco cells elicited by cryptogein. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:273-86. [PMID: 24235133 PMCID: PMC3875808 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.225755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid mixtures within artificial membranes undergo a separation into liquid-disordered and liquid-ordered phases. However, the existence of this segregation into microscopic liquid-ordered phases has been difficult to prove in living cells, and the precise organization of the plasma membrane into such phases has not been elucidated in plant cells. We developed a multispectral confocal microscopy approach to generate ratiometric images of the plasma membrane surface of Bright Yellow 2 tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) suspension cells labeled with an environment sensitive fluorescent probe. This allowed the in vivo characterization of the global level of order of this membrane, by which we could demonstrate that an increase in its proportion of ordered phases transiently occurred in the early steps of the signaling triggered by cryptogein and flagellin, two elicitors of plant defense reactions. The use of fluorescence recovery after photobleaching revealed an increase in plasma membrane fluidity induced by cryptogein, but not by flagellin. Moreover, we characterized the spatial distribution of liquid-ordered phases on the membrane of living plant cells and monitored their variations induced by cryptogein elicitation. We analyze these results in the context of plant defense signaling, discuss their meaning within the framework of the "membrane raft" hypothesis, and propose a new mechanism of signaling platform formation in response to elicitor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Der
- Université de Bourgogne (P.G.-P., C.D., D.T., K.G.), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (I.-A.A., Y.R., F.S.-P.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347 Agroécologie, Equipe de Recherche Labelisée 6300 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BP 86510, F–21000 Dijon, France
- AgroSup Dijon, Laboratoire Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, F–21000 Dijon, France (J.-M.P.-C.); and
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Université Victor Segalen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP 81, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.M.)
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Université de Bourgogne (P.G.-P., C.D., D.T., K.G.), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (I.-A.A., Y.R., F.S.-P.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347 Agroécologie, Equipe de Recherche Labelisée 6300 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BP 86510, F–21000 Dijon, France
- AgroSup Dijon, Laboratoire Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, F–21000 Dijon, France (J.-M.P.-C.); and
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Université Victor Segalen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP 81, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.M.)
| | - Iulia-Andra Anca
- Université de Bourgogne (P.G.-P., C.D., D.T., K.G.), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (I.-A.A., Y.R., F.S.-P.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347 Agroécologie, Equipe de Recherche Labelisée 6300 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BP 86510, F–21000 Dijon, France
- AgroSup Dijon, Laboratoire Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, F–21000 Dijon, France (J.-M.P.-C.); and
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Université Victor Segalen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP 81, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.M.)
| | - Kevin Grosjean
- Université de Bourgogne (P.G.-P., C.D., D.T., K.G.), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (I.-A.A., Y.R., F.S.-P.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347 Agroécologie, Equipe de Recherche Labelisée 6300 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BP 86510, F–21000 Dijon, France
- AgroSup Dijon, Laboratoire Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, F–21000 Dijon, France (J.-M.P.-C.); and
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Université Victor Segalen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP 81, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.M.)
| | - Yann Roche
- Université de Bourgogne (P.G.-P., C.D., D.T., K.G.), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (I.-A.A., Y.R., F.S.-P.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347 Agroécologie, Equipe de Recherche Labelisée 6300 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BP 86510, F–21000 Dijon, France
- AgroSup Dijon, Laboratoire Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, F–21000 Dijon, France (J.-M.P.-C.); and
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Université Victor Segalen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP 81, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.M.)
| | - Jean-Marie Perrier-Cornet
- Université de Bourgogne (P.G.-P., C.D., D.T., K.G.), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (I.-A.A., Y.R., F.S.-P.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347 Agroécologie, Equipe de Recherche Labelisée 6300 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BP 86510, F–21000 Dijon, France
- AgroSup Dijon, Laboratoire Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, F–21000 Dijon, France (J.-M.P.-C.); and
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Université Victor Segalen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP 81, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.M.)
| | - Sébastien Mongrand
- Université de Bourgogne (P.G.-P., C.D., D.T., K.G.), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (I.-A.A., Y.R., F.S.-P.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347 Agroécologie, Equipe de Recherche Labelisée 6300 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BP 86510, F–21000 Dijon, France
- AgroSup Dijon, Laboratoire Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, F–21000 Dijon, France (J.-M.P.-C.); and
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Université Victor Segalen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP 81, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.M.)
| | - Françoise Simon-Plas
- Université de Bourgogne (P.G.-P., C.D., D.T., K.G.), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (I.-A.A., Y.R., F.S.-P.), Unité Mixte de Recherche 1347 Agroécologie, Equipe de Recherche Labelisée 6300 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, BP 86510, F–21000 Dijon, France
- AgroSup Dijon, Laboratoire Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, F–21000 Dijon, France (J.-M.P.-C.); and
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5200, Université Victor Segalen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Bordeaux Aquitaine, BP 81, F–33883 Villenave d’Ornon, France (S.M.)
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Ferro E, Trabalzini L. The yeast two-hybrid and related methods as powerful tools to study plant cell signalling. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 83:287-301. [PMID: 23794143 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0094-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
One basic property of proteins is their ability to specifically target and form non-covalent complexes with other proteins. Such protein-protein interactions play key roles in all biological processes, extending from the formation of cellular macromolecular structures and enzymatic complexes to the regulation of signal transduction pathways. Identifying and characterizing protein interactions and entire interaction networks (interactomes) is therefore prerequisite to understand these processes on a molecular and biophysical level. Since its original description in 1989, the yeast two-hybrid system has been extensively used to identify protein-protein interactions from many different organisms, thus providing a convenient mean to both screen for proteins that interact with a protein of interest and to characterize the known interaction between two proteins. In these years the technique has improved to overcome the limitations of the original assay, and many efforts have been made to scale up the technique and to adapt it to large scale studies. In addition, variations have been introduced to enlarge the range of proteins and interactors that can be assayed by hybrid-based approaches. Several groups studying molecular mechanisms that underlie plant cell signal transduction pathways have successfully used the yeast two-hybrid system or related methods. In this review we provide a brief description of the technology, attempt to point out some of the pitfalls and benefits of the different systems that can be employed, and mention some of the areas, within the plant cell signalling field, where hybrid-based interaction assays have been particularly informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Ferro
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina, 1, 53100, Siena, Italy,
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Lüthje S, Möller B, Perrineau FC, Wöltje K. Plasma membrane electron pathways and oxidative stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:2163-83. [PMID: 23265437 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Several redox compounds, including respiratory burst oxidase homologs (Rboh) and iron chelate reductases have been identified in animal and plant plasma membrane (PM). Studies using molecular biological, biochemical, and proteomic approaches suggest that PM redox systems of plants are involved in signal transduction, nutrient uptake, transport, and cell wall-related processes. Function of PM-bound redox systems in oxidative stress will be discussed. RECENT ADVANCES Present knowledge about the properties, structures, and functions of these systems are summarized. Judging from the currently available data, it is likely that electrons are transferred from cytosolic NAD(P)H to the apoplast via quinone reductases, vitamin K, and a cytochrome b561. In tandem with these electrons, protons might be transported to the apoplastic space. CRITICAL ISSUES Recent studies suggest localization of PM-bound redox systems in microdomains (so-called lipid or membrane rafts), but also organization of these compounds in putative and high molecular mass protein complexes. Although the plant flavocytochrome b family is well characterized with respect to its function, the molecular mechanism of an electron transfer reaction by these compounds has to be verified. Localization of Rboh in other compartments needs elucidation. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Plant members of the flavodoxin and flavodoxin-like protein family and the cytochrome b561 protein family have been characterized on the biochemical level, postulated localization, and functions of these redox compounds need verification. Compositions of single microdomains and interaction partners of PM redox systems have to be elucidated. Finally, the hypothesis of an electron transfer chain in the PM needs further proof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Lüthje
- Biocenter Klein Flottbek, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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Wu J, Wang L, Wünsche H, Baldwin IT. Narboh D, a respiratory burst oxidase homolog in Nicotiana attenuata, is required for late defense responses after herbivore attack. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 55:187-98. [PMID: 23116134 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2012.01182.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The superoxide (O₂⁻)-generating NADPH oxidases are crucial for the defense of plants against attack from pathogens; however, it remains unknown whether they also mediate responses against chewing insect herbivores. The transcripts of the respiratory burst NADPH oxidase homolog Narboh D in Nicotiana attenuate are rapidly and transiently elicited by wounding, and are amplified when Manduca sexta oral secretions (OS) are added to the wounds. The fatty-acid-amino-acid-conjugates (FACs), demonstrably the major elicitors in M. sexta OS, are responsible for the increase in Narboh D transcripts. Silencing Narboh D significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels after OS elicitation, but neither OS-elicited jasmonic acid (JA) or JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile) bursts, pivotal hormones that regulates plant resistance to herbivores, nor early transcripts of herbivore defense-related genes (NaJAR4 and NaPAL1), were influenced. However, late OS-elicited increases in trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TPIs), as well as the transcript levels of defense genes such as polyphenol oxidase, TPI and Thionin were significantly reduced. In addition, Narboh D-silenced plants were more vulnerable to insect herbivores, especially the larvae of the generalist Spodoptera littoralis. We thus conclude that Narboh D-based defenses play an important role in late herbivore-elicited responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanhei Road 132, China
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Xu W, Shi W, Jia L, Liang J, Zhang J. TFT6 and TFT7, two different members of tomato 14-3-3 gene family, play distinct roles in plant adaption to low phosphorus stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:1393-406. [PMID: 22335781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2012.02497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are a large family of proteins but exact roles of their members in plant response to abiotic stresses are not clear, especially under nutrient deficiency. We investigated the expressions of all the tomato 14-3-3 gene family members (TFT1-TFT12) under low phosphorus stress (LP) and found that TFT6 belongs to the later responsive gene while TFT7 belongs to the early responsive gene. When the two genes were separately introduced into Arabidopsis and overexpressed, their plant growth under LP was much enhanced compared with wild-type plant. TFT6 overexpressing plants showed reduced starch synthase activity, reduced starch content but enhanced sucrose loading into phloem in the shoot under LP. TFT7 overexpressing plants had much enhanced H⁺ flux along their root tip and activity of plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase in the roots under LP. Our results suggest that TFT6 and TFT7 play different roles in plant adaption to LP. TFT6 acts mainly in leaves and is involved in the systemic response to LP by regulating leaf carbon allocation and increasing phloem sucrose transport to promote root growth, while TFT7 directly functions in root by activating root plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase to release more protons under LP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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de Boer AH, de Vries-van Leeuwen IJ. Fusicoccanes: diterpenes with surprising biological functions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2012; 17:360-8. [PMID: 22465041 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fusicoccin is the best-studied member of a class of diterpenes sharing a 5-8-5 ring structure, called fusicoccanes. Fusicoccin was and still is a 'tool in plant physiology', targeting the main engine of plasma membrane transport, the P-type H(+)-ATPase, assisted by members of the 14-3-3 family. The key position of 14-3-3 proteins in cell biology, combined with a broader specificity of other fusicoccanes as shown by crystallography studies, make fusicoccanes a versatile tool in plant and animal biology. In this review, we examine recent evidence that fusicoccanes act on animal cells, describe the discovery of the fungal biosynthetic pathway and emphasize that lower (liverworts) and higher plants produce fusicoccanes with intriguing biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus H de Boer
- Department of Structural Biology, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Cacas JL, Furt F, Le Guédard M, Schmitter JM, Buré C, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Moreau P, Bessoule JJ, Simon-Plas F, Mongrand S. Lipids of plant membrane rafts. Prog Lipid Res 2012; 51:272-99. [PMID: 22554527 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lipids tend to organize in mono or bilayer phases in a hydrophilic environment. While they have long been thought to be incapable of coherent lateral segregation, it is now clear that spontaneous assembly of these compounds can confer microdomain organization beyond spontaneous fluidity. Membrane raft microdomains have the ability to influence spatiotemporal organization of protein complexes, thereby allowing regulation of cellular processes. In this review, we aim at summarizing briefly: (i) the history of raft discovery in animals and plants, (ii) the main findings about structural and signalling plant lipids involved in raft segregation, (iii) imaging of plant membrane domains, and their biochemical purification through detergent-insoluble membranes, as well as the existing debate on the topic. We also discuss the potential involvement of rafts in the regulation of plant physiological processes, and further discuss the prospects of future research into plant membrane rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Luc Cacas
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200 CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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Amelot N, Dorlhac de Borne F, San Clemente H, Mazars C, Grima-Pettenati J, Brière C. Transcriptome analysis of tobacco BY-2 cells elicited by cryptogein reveals new potential actors of calcium-dependent and calcium-independent plant defense pathways. Cell Calcium 2012; 51:117-30. [PMID: 22177386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cryptogein is a proteinaceous elicitor secreted by the oomycete Phytophthora cryptogea, which induces a hypersensitive response in tobacco plants. We have previously reported that in tobacco BY-2 cells treated with cryptogein, most of the genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway were upregulated and cell wall-bound phenolics accumulated. Both events were Ca(2+) dependent. In this study, we designed a microarray covering a large proportion of the tobacco genome and monitored gene expression in cryptogein-elicited BY-2 cells to get a more complete view of the transcriptome changes and to assess their Ca(2+) dependence. The predominant functional gene categories affected by cryptogein included stress- and disease-related proteins, phenylpropanoid pathway, signaling components, transcription factors and cell wall reinforcement. Among the 3819 unigenes whose expression changed more than fourfold, 90% were Ca(2+) dependent, as determined by their sensitivity to lanthanum chloride. The most Ca(2+)-dependent transcripts upregulated by cryptogein were involved in defense responses or the oxylipin pathway. This genome-wide study strongly supports the importance of Ca(2+)-dependent transcriptional regulation of regulatory and defense-related genes contributing to cryptogein responses in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Amelot
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire de Recherches en Sciences Végétales, Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Campo S, Peris-Peris C, Montesinos L, Peñas G, Messeguer J, San Segundo B. Expression of the maize ZmGF14-6 gene in rice confers tolerance to drought stress while enhancing susceptibility to pathogen infection. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2012; 63:983-99. [PMID: 22016430 PMCID: PMC3254693 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are found in all eukaryotes where they act as regulators of diverse signalling pathways associated with a wide range of biological processes. In this study the functional characterization of the ZmGF14-6 gene encoding a maize 14-3-3 protein is reported. Gene expression analyses indicated that ZmGF14-6 is up-regulated by fungal infection and salt treatment in maize plants, whereas its expression is down-regulated by drought stress. It is reported that rice plants constitutively expressing ZmGF14-6 displayed enhanced tolerance to drought stress which was accompanied by a stronger induction of drought-associated rice genes. However, rice plants expressing ZmGF14-6 either in a constitutive or under a pathogen-inducible regime showed a higher susceptibility to infection by the fungal pathogens Fusarium verticillioides and Magnaporthe oryzae. Under infection conditions, a lower intensity in the expression of defence-related genes occurred in ZmGF14-6 rice plants. These findings support that ZmGF14-6 positively regulates drought tolerance in transgenic rice while negatively modulating the plant defence response to pathogen infection. Transient expression assays of fluorescently labelled ZmGF14-6 protein in onion epidermal cells revealed a widespread distribution of ZmGF14-6 in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Additionally, colocalization experiments of fluorescently labelled ZmGF14-6 with organelle markers, in combination with cell labelling with the endocytic tracer FM4-64, revealed a subcellular localization of ZmGF14-6 in the early endosomes. Taken together, these results improve our understanding of the role of ZmGF14-6 in stress signalling pathways, while indicating that ZmGF14-6 inversely regulates the plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Campo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Parc de Recerca UAB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Peris-Peris
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Parc de Recerca UAB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Montesinos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Parc de Recerca UAB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gisela Peñas
- Department of Plant Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Parc de Recerca UAB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquima Messeguer
- Department of Plant Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Parc de Recerca UAB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca San Segundo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Parc de Recerca UAB, Edifici CRAG, Campus UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés), 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Simon-Plas F, Perraki A, Bayer E, Gerbeau-Pissot P, Mongrand S. An update on plant membrane rafts. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 14:642-9. [PMID: 21903451 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic segregation of membrane components within microdomains, such as the sterol-enriched and sphingolipid-enriched membrane rafts, emerges as a central regulatory mechanism governing physiological responses in various organisms. Over the past five years, plasma membrane located raft-like domains have been described in several plant species. The protein and lipid compositions of detergent-insoluble membranes, supposed to contain these domains, have been extensively characterised. Imaging methods have shown that lateral segregation of lipids and proteins exists at the nanoscale level at the plant plasma membrane, correlating detergent insolubility and membrane-domain localisation of presumptive raft proteins. Finally, the dynamic association of specific proteins with detergent-insoluble membranes upon environmental stress has been reported, confirming a possible role for plant rafts as signal transduction platforms, particularly during biotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Simon-Plas
- UMR Plante-Microbe-Environnement 1088, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique-5184, CNRS-Université de Bourgogne, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France
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Response to biotic and oxidative stress in Arabidopsis thaliana: Analysis of variably phosphorylated proteins. J Proteomics 2011; 74:1934-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Denison FC, Paul AL, Zupanska AK, Ferl RJ. 14-3-3 proteins in plant physiology. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:720-7. [PMID: 21907297 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Plant 14-3-3 isoforms, like their highly conserved homologues in mammals, function by binding to phosphorylated client proteins to modulate their function. Through the regulation of a diverse range of proteins including kinases, transcription factors, structural proteins, ion channels and pathogen defense-related proteins, they are being implicated in an expanding catalogue of physiological functions in plants. 14-3-3s themselves are affected, both transcriptionally and functionally, by the extracellular and intracellular environment of the plant. They can modulate signaling pathways that transduce inputs from the environment and also the downstream proteins that elicit the physiological response. This review covers some of the key emerging roles for plant 14-3-3s including their role in the response to the plant extracellular environment, particularly environmental stress, pathogens and light conditions. We also address potential key roles in primary metabolism, hormone signaling, growth and cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Denison
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
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Meisrimler CN, Planchon S, Renaut J, Sergeant K, Lüthje S. Alteration of plasma membrane-bound redox systems of iron deficient pea roots by chitosan. J Proteomics 2011; 74:1437-49. [PMID: 21310270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 01/19/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron is essential for all living organisms and plays a crucial role in pathogenicity. This study presents the first proteome analysis of plasma membranes isolated from pea roots. Protein profiles of four different samples (+Fe, +Fe/Chitosan, -Fe, and -Fe/Chitosan) were compared by native IEF-PAGE combined with in-gel activity stains and DIGE. Using DIGE, 89 proteins of interest were detected in plasma membrane fractions. Data revealed a differential abundance of several spots in all samples investigated. In comparison to the control and -FeCh the abundance of six protein spots increased whereas 56 spots decreased in +FeCh. Altered protein spots were analyzed by MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. Besides stress-related proteins, transport proteins and redox enzymes were identified. Activity stains after native PAGE and spectrophotometric measurements demonstrated induction of a ferric-chelate reductase (-Fe) and a putative respiratory burst oxidase homolog (-FeCh). However, the activity of the ferric-chelate reductase decreased in -Fe plants after elicitor treatment. The activity of plasma membrane-bound class III peroxidases increased after elicitor treatment and decreased under iron-deficiency, whereas activity of quinone reductases decreased mostly after elicitor treatment. Possible functions of proteins identified and reasons for a weakened pathogen response of iron-deficient plants were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia-Nicole Meisrimler
- University of Hamburg, Biocenter Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, Plant Physiology, Ohnhorststraße 18, D-22609 Hamburg, Germany
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47
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Yoshioka H, Mase K, Yoshioka M, Kobayashi M, Asai S. Regulatory mechanisms of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species generation and their role in plant immunity. Nitric Oxide 2010; 25:216-21. [PMID: 21195205 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rapid production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in diverse physiological processes, such as programmed cell death, development, cell elongation and hormonal signaling, in plants. Much attention has been paid to the regulation of plant innate immunity by these signal molecules. Recent studies provide evidence that an NADPH oxidase, respiratory burst oxidase homolog, is responsible for pathogen-responsive ROS burst. However, we still do not know about NO-producing enzymes, except for nitrate reductase, although many studies suggest the existence of NO synthase-like activity responsible for NO burst in plants. Here, we introduce regulatory mechanisms of NO and ROS bursts by mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades, calcium-dependent protein kinase or riboflavin and its derivatives, flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide, and we discuss the roles of the bursts in defense responses against plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Defense in Plant-Pathogen Interactions, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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48
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Shinya R, Morisaka H, Takeuchi Y, Ueda M, Futai K. Comparison of the surface coat proteins of the pine wood nematode appeared during host pine infection and in vitro culture by a proteomic approach. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2010; 100:1289-97. [PMID: 21062170 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-04-10-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Pine wilt disease, caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, has become of worldwide quarantine concern in recent years. Here, we disclosed the surface coat (SC) proteins of the PWN which are thought to be one of the key components in pine wilt development. This is the first report that focused on the SC proteins and thoroughly identified those proteins of a plant-parasitic nematode using the proteomic approach. In this study, SC protein profiles were compared for PWNs grown on the fungus Botrytis cinerea and in host pine seedlings. The results demonstrated that the gross amount of PWN SC proteins drastically increased during infection of the host pine. Thirty-seven protein bands showed significant quantity differences between fungus-grown and host-origin PWNs, and were used for identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry analysis. These included several proteins that are presumed to be involved in the host immune response; for example, regulators of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a ROS scavenger. These results might suggest that the PWN SC proteins are crucial in modulating or evading host immune response. Our data provide a new insight into the mechanism of pine wilt disease and the biological role of the SC proteins of plant-parasitic nematodes.
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49
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Pandey A, Rajamani U, Verma J, Subba P, Chakraborty N, Datta A, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty N. Identification of extracellular matrix proteins of rice (Oryza sativa L.) involved in dehydration-responsive network: a proteomic approach. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:3443-64. [PMID: 20433195 DOI: 10.1021/pr901098p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Water-deficit or dehydration impairs almost all physiological processes and greatly influences the geographical distribution of many crop species. It has been postulated that higher plants rely mostly on induction mechanisms to maintain cellular integrity during stress conditions. Plant cell wall or extracellular matrix (ECM) forms an important conduit for signal transduction between the apoplast and symplast and acts as front-line defense, thereby playing a key role in cell fate decision under various stress conditions. To better understand the molecular mechanism of dehydration response in plants, four-week-old rice seedlings were subjected to progressive dehydration by withdrawing water and the changes in the ECM proteome were examined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Dehydration-responsive temporal changes revealed 192 proteins that change their intensities by more than 2.5-fold, at one or more time points during dehydration. The proteomic analysis led to the identification of about 100 differentially regulated proteins presumably involved in a variety of functions, including carbohydrate metabolism, cell defense and rescue, cell wall modification, cell signaling and molecular chaperones, among others. The differential rice proteome was compared with the dehydration-responsive proteome data of chickpea and maize. The results revealed an evolutionary divergence in the dehydration response as well as organ specificity, with few conserved proteins. The differential expression of the candidate proteins, in conjunction with previously reported results, may provide new insight into the underlying mechanisms of the dehydration response in plants. This may also facilitate the targeted alteration of metabolic routes in the cell wall for agricultural and industrial exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Pandey
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
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50
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Bokoch GM, Diebold B, Kim JS, Gianni D. Emerging evidence for the importance of phosphorylation in the regulation of NADPH oxidases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:2429-41. [PMID: 19358632 PMCID: PMC2821133 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzyme family generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that contribute to cell signaling, innate immune responses, proliferation, and transcription. The signaling mechanisms that regulate this important enzyme family are only beginning to be understood. Evidence is emerging which suggests that phosphorylation of Nox and/or their regulatory components may be important means of modulating their activity. We describe here the evidence for Nox regulation through the action of kinases, and speculate on how such regulatory mechanisms might contribute to the development of pathological disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M Bokoch
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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