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Yu Y, Fotopoulos V, Zhou K, Fernie AR. The role of gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide in plant cadmium stress responses. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024:S1360-1385(24)00232-2. [PMID: 39358104 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal that poses a significant risk to both plant growth and human health. To mitigate or lessen Cd toxicity, plants have evolved a wide range of sensing and defense strategies. The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is involved in plant responses to Cd stress and exhibits a crucial role in modulating Cd tolerance through a well-orchestrated interaction with several signaling pathways. Here, we review potential experimental approaches to manipulate H2S signals, concluding that research on another gasotransmitter, namely nitric oxide (NO), serves as a good model for research on H2S. Additionally, we discuss potential strategies to leverage H2S-reguated Cd tolerance to improve plant performance under Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yu
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China; Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus
| | - Kejin Zhou
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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2
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Feng YX, Tian P, Li CZ, Hu XD, Lin YJ. Elucidating the intricacies of the H 2S signaling pathway in gasotransmitters: Highlighting the regulation of plant thiocyanate detoxification pathways. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116307. [PMID: 38593497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been increasing interest in elucidating the role of sulfur-containing compounds in plant metabolism, particularly emphasizing their function as signaling molecules. Among these, thiocyanate (SCN-), a compound imbued with sulfur and nitrogen, has emerged as a significant environmental contaminant frequently detected in irrigation water. This compound is known for its potential to adversely impact plant growth and agricultural yield. Although adopting exogenous SCN- as a nitrogen source in plant cells has been the subject of thorough investigation, the fate of sulfur resulting from the assimilation of exogenous SCN- has not been fully explored. There is burgeoning curiosity in probing the fate of SCN- within plant systems, especially considering the possible generation of the gaseous signaling molecule, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) during the metabolism of SCN-. Notably, the endogenous synthesis of H2S occurs predominantly within chloroplasts, the cytosol, and mitochondria. In contrast, the production of H2S following the assimilation of exogenous SCN- is explicitly confined to chloroplasts and mitochondria. This phenomenon indicates complex interplay and communication among various subcellular organelles, influencing signal transduction and other vital physiological processes. This review, augmented by a small-scale experimental study, endeavors to provide insights into the functional characteristics of H2S signaling in plants subjected to SCN--stress. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the occurrence and trajectory of endogenous H2S and H2S derived from SCN--assimilation within plant organisms was performed, providing a focused lens for a comprehensive examination of the multifaceted roles of H2S in rice plants. By delving into these dimensions, our objective is to enhance the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms employed by the gasotransmitter H2S in plant adaptations and responses to SCN--stress, yielding invaluable insights into strategies for plant resilience and adaptive capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Feng
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China; Jiangmen Laboratory of Carbon Science and Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Jiangmen, Guangdong 529199, People's Republic of China; The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Tian
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Hu
- Jiangmen Laboratory of Carbon Science and Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Jiangmen, Guangdong 529199, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Juan Lin
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China; The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Sharma G, Sharma N, Ohri P. Harmonizing hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide: A duo defending plants against salinity stress. Nitric Oxide 2024; 144:1-10. [PMID: 38185242 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
In the face of escalating salinity stress challenges in agricultural systems, this review article delves into the harmonious partnership between hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and nitric oxide (NO) as they collectively act as formidable defenders of plants. Once considered as harmful pollutants, H2S and NO have emerged as pivotal gaseous signal molecules that profoundly influence various facets of plant life. Their roles span from enhancing seed germination to promoting overall growth and development. Moreover, these molecules play a crucial role in bolstering stress tolerance mechanisms and maintaining essential plant homeostasis. This review navigates through the intricate signaling pathways associated with H2S and NO, elucidating their synergistic effects in combating salinity stress. We explore their potential to enhance crop productivity, thereby ensuring food security in saline-affected regions. In an era marked by pressing environmental challenges, the manipulation of H2S and NO presents promising avenues for sustainable agriculture, offering a beacon of hope for the future of global food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
| | - Nandni Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Puja Ohri
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
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Feng YX, Tian P, Lin YJ, Cao DY, Li CZ, Ullah A. Gaseous signaling molecule H 2S as a multitasking signal molecule in ROS metabolism of Oryza sativa under thiocyanate (SCN -) pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122816. [PMID: 37898431 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The induction of disruption in the electronic transport chain by thiocyanate (SCN-) leads to an excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within rice (Oryza sativa). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) assumes a crucial role as a gaseous signaling molecule, holding significant potential in alleviating SCN--related stress. Nevertheless, there remains a dearth of understanding regarding the intricate interplay between H2S and ROS in Oryza sativa amidst SCN- pollution. In this investigation, a hydroponics-based experiment was meticulously devised to explore how H2S-mediated modifications influence the genetic feedback network governing ROS metabolism within the subcellular organelles of Oryza sativa when exposed to varying effective concentrations (EC20: 24 mg SCN/L; EC50: 96 mg SCN/L; EC75: 300 mg SCN/L) of SCN-. The findings unveiled the enhanced capacity of Oryza sativa to uptake SCN- under H2S + SCN- treatments in comparison to SCN- treatments alone. Notably, the relative growth rate (RGR) of seedlings subjected to H2S + SCN- exhibited a superior performance when contrasted with seedlings exposed solely to SCN-. Furthermore, the application of exogenous H2S yielded a significant reduction in ROS levels within Oryza sativa tissues during SCN- exposure. To elucidate the intricacies of gene regulation governing ROS metabolism at the mRNA level, the 52 targeted genes were categorized into four distinct types, namely: initial regulatory ROS generation genes (ROS-I), direct ROS scavenging genes (ROS-II), indirect ROS scavenging genes (ROS-III), and lipid oxidation genes (ROS-IV). On the whole, exogenous H2S exhibited the capacity to activate the majority of ROS-I ∼ ROS-IV genes within both Oryza sativa tissues at the EC20 concentration of SCN-. However, genetic positive/negative feedback networks emphasized the pivotal role of ROS-II genes in governing ROS metabolism within Oryza sativa. Notably, these genes were predominantly activated within the cytoplasm, chloroplasts, mitochondria, peroxisomes, and the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Feng
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China; Jiangmen Laboratory of Carbon Science and Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Jiangmen, Guangdong, 529199, China.
| | - Peng Tian
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Yu-Juan Lin
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Dan-Yang Cao
- Jiangmen Laboratory of Carbon Science and Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Jiangmen, Guangdong, 529199, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Abid Ullah
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
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Colina Blanco AE, Pischke E, Higa Mori A, Kerl CF, Clemens S, Planer-Friedrich B. In Planta Arsenic Thiolation in Rice and Arabidopsis thaliana. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21846-21854. [PMID: 38093687 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic and methylated thioarsenates have recently been reported to form in paddy soil pore waters and accumulate in rice grains. Among them, dimethylmonothioarsenate (DMMTA) is particularly relevant because of its high cytotoxicity and potential misidentification as nonregulated dimethylarsenate (DMA). Studying DMMTA uptake and flag leaf, grain, and husk accumulation in rice plants during grain filling, substantial dethiolation to DMA was observed with only 8.0 ± 0.1, 9.1 ± 0.6, and 1.4 ± 0.2% DMMTA remaining, respectively. More surprisingly, similar shares of DMMTA were observed in control experiments with DMA, indicating in planta DMA thiolation. Exposure of different rice seedling varieties to not only DMA but also to arsenite and monomethylarsenate (MMA) revealed in planta thiolation as a common process in rice. Up to 35 ± 7% DMA thiolation was further observed in the shoots and roots of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Parameters determining the ratio and kinetics of thiolation versus dethiolation are unknown, yet, but less DMA thiolation in glutathione-deficient mutants compared to wild-type plants suggested glutathione concentration as one potential parameter. Our results demonstrate that pore water is not the only source for thioarsenates in rice grains and that especially the currently nonregulated DMA needs to be monitored as a potential precursor of DMMTA formation inside rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Colina Blanco
- Environmental Geochemistry Group, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Erik Pischke
- Plant Physiology, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alejandra Higa Mori
- Environmental Geochemistry Group, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Carolin F Kerl
- Environmental Geochemistry Group, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stephan Clemens
- Plant Physiology, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BayCEER), University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Britta Planer-Friedrich
- Environmental Geochemistry Group, Bayreuth Center for Ecology and Environmental Research (BAYCEER), University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Ingrisano R, Tosato E, Trost P, Gurrieri L, Sparla F. Proline, Cysteine and Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Abiotic Stress Response of Land Plants and Microalgae. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3410. [PMID: 37836150 PMCID: PMC10574504 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Proteinogenic amino acids are the building blocks of protein, and plants synthesize all of them. In addition to their importance in plant growth and development, growing evidence underlines the central role played by amino acids and their derivatives in regulating several pathways involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. In the present review, we illustrate (i) the role of amino acids as an energy source capable of replacing sugars as electron donors to the mitochondrial electron transport chain and (ii) the role of amino acids as precursors of osmolytes as well as (iii) precursors of secondary metabolites. Among the amino acids involved in drought stress response, proline and cysteine play a special role. Besides the large proline accumulation occurring in response to drought stress, proline can export reducing equivalents to sink tissues and organs, and the production of H2S deriving from the metabolism of cysteine can mediate post-translational modifications that target protein cysteines themselves. Although our general understanding of microalgae stress physiology is still fragmentary, a general overview of how unicellular photosynthetic organisms deal with salt stress is also provided because of the growing interest in microalgae in applied sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Libero Gurrieri
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology FaBiT, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (R.I.); (E.T.); (P.T.); (F.S.)
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7
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Pedroletti L, Moseler A, Meyer AJ. Assembly, transfer, and fate of mitochondrial iron-sulfur clusters. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3328-3344. [PMID: 36846908 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of an autonomous iron-sulfur cluster (Fe-S) assembly machinery in mitochondria, significant efforts to examine the nature of this process have been made. The assembly of Fe-S clusters occurs in two distinct steps with the initial synthesis of [2Fe-2S] clusters by a first machinery followed by a subsequent assembly into [4Fe-4S] clusters by a second machinery. Despite this knowledge, we still have only a rudimentary understanding of how Fe-S clusters are transferred and distributed among their respective apoproteins. In particular, demand created by continuous protein turnover and the sacrificial destruction of clusters for synthesis of biotin and lipoic acid reveal possible bottlenecks in the supply chain of Fe-S clusters. Taking available information from other species into consideration, this review explores the mitochondrial assembly machinery of Arabidopsis and provides current knowledge about the respective transfer steps to apoproteins. Furthermore, this review highlights biotin synthase and lipoyl synthase, which both utilize Fe-S clusters as a sulfur source. After extraction of sulfur atoms from these clusters, the remains of the clusters probably fall apart, releasing sulfide as a highly toxic by-product. Immediate refixation through local cysteine biosynthesis is therefore an essential salvage pathway and emphasizes the physiological need for cysteine biosynthesis in plant mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pedroletti
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Moseler
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- INRES-Chemical Signalling, University of Bonn, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 144, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
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Cai J, Zang F, Xin L, Zhou Q, Wang X, Zhong Y, Huang M, Dai T, Jiang D. Effects of Cysteine and Inorganic Sulfur Applications at Different Growth Stages on Grain Protein and End-Use Quality in Wheat. Foods 2022; 11:3252. [PMID: 37430998 PMCID: PMC9602307 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test the significant effects of inorganic sulfur and cysteine on grain protein and flour quality in wheat and to provide a theoretical basis of wheat cultivation techniques with high yield and quality. In the field experiment, a winter wheat cultivar, Yangmai 16, was used, and five treatments were established, i.e., S0 (no sulfur fertilizer application during the whole wheat growth period), S(B)60 (60 kg ha-1 inorganic sulfur fertilizer was applied as the basal fertilizer), Cys(B)60 (60 kg ha-1 cysteine sulfur fertilizer was applied as the basal fertilizer), S(J)60 (60 kg ha-1 inorganic sulfur fertilizer was applied as the jointing fertilizer), and Cys(J)60 (60 kg ha-1 cysteine sulfur fertilizer was applied as the jointing fertilizer). The fertilizer application at jointing stage showed a better influence than basal fertilizer application on protein quality; for the content of albumin, gliadin, and high molecular weight glutenin (HMW-GS), Cys(J)60 was the best among these treatments. An increase of 7.9%, 24.4%, 43.5%, 22.7% and 36.4% was found in grain yield, glutenin content, glutenin macro-polymer (GMP), low molecular weight glutenin (LMW-GS), and S content under Cys(J)60, in relation to the control, respectively. A similar trend was found in the end-use quality, as exemplified by an increase of 38.6%, 10.9%, 60.5%, and 109.8% in wet gluten content, dry gluten content, sedimentation volume, and bread-specific volume, respectively; a decrease of 69.3% and 69.1% in bread hardness and bread chewiness was found under Cys(J)60. In terms of application period, topdressing at jointing stage is compared with base fertilizer, the sulfur fertilizer application at jointing stage showed larger effects on grain protein and flour quality, from the different types of sulfur fertilizer, the application of cysteine performed better than the use of inorganic sulfur. The Cys(J)60 exhibited the best effects on protein and flour quality. It was suggested that sufficient sulfur application at jointing stage has the potential to enhance the grain protein and flour quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dong Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing 210095, China
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Liu D, Li M, Guo T, Lu J, Xie Y, Hao Y, Wang L, Zhao D, Zhang L, Liu Z, Jin Z, Pei Y. Functional characterization of the Serine acetyltransferase family genes uncovers the diversification and conservation of cysteine biosynthesis in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:913856. [PMID: 36212318 PMCID: PMC9533716 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.913856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing compounds are essential for plant development and environmental adaptation, and closely related to the flavor and nutrition of the agricultural products. Cysteine, the first organic sulfur-containing molecule generated in plants, is the precursor for most of these active substances. Serine acetyltransferase (SERAT) catalyzes the rate-limiting step of its formation. However, despite their importance, systematic analyses of these enzymes in individual species, especially in economically important crops, are still limited. Here, The SERAT members (SlSERATs, four in total) were identified and characterized in tomato. Phylogenetically, the four SlSERAT proteins were classified into three subgroups with distinct genomic structures and subcellular localizations. On the function, it was interesting to find that SlSERAT3;1, possessed a high ability to catalyze the formation of OAS, even though it contained a long C-terminus. However, it retained the essential C-terminal Ile, which seems to be a characteristic feature of SERAT3 subfamily members in Solanaceae. Besides, SlSERAT1;1 and SlSERAT2;2 also had high activity levels and their catalyzing abilities were significantly improved by the addition of an OAS-(thiol)-lyase protein. At the transcriptional level, the four SlSERAT genes had distinct expression patterns during tomato plant development. Under abiotic stress conditions, the chloroplast-localized SlSERATs were the main responders, and the SlSERATs adopted different strategies to cope with osmotic, ion toxicity and other stresses. Finally, analyses in the loss-of-function and overexpression lines of SlSERAT1;1 suggested that function redundancy existed in the tomato SERAT members, and the tomato SERAT member was ideal target for S-assimilation manipulating in molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danmei Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ting Guo
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Juanjuan Lu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yafang Xie
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yuan Hao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Longdan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhuping Jin
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yanxi Pei
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Regional Plants, Taiyuan, China
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10
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Gasperl A, Zellnig G, Kocsy G, Müller M. Organelle-specific localization of glutathione in plants grown under different light intensities and spectra. Histochem Cell Biol 2022; 158:213-227. [PMID: 35486180 PMCID: PMC9399215 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-022-02103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Plant ascorbate and glutathione metabolism counteracts oxidative stress mediated, for example, by excess light. In this review, we discuss the properties of immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy, redox-sensitive dyes or probes and bright-field microscopy, confocal microscopy or fluorescence microscopy for the visualization and quantification of glutathione at the cellular or subcellular level in plants and the quantification of glutathione from isolated organelles. In previous studies, we showed that subcellular ascorbate and glutathione levels in Arabidopsis are affected by high light stress. The use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is gaining increasing importance in growing indoor crops and ornamental plants. A combination of different LED types allows custom-made combinations of wavelengths and prevents damage related to high photon flux rates. In this review we provide an overview on how different light spectra and light intensities affect glutathione metabolism at the cellular and subcellular levels in plants. Findings obtained in our most recent study demonstrate that both light intensity and spectrum significantly affected glutathione metabolism in wheat at the transcriptional level and caused genotype-specific reactions in the investigated Arabidopsis lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gasperl
- Institute of Biology, Plant Sciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Günther Zellnig
- Institute of Biology, Plant Sciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gábor Kocsy
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Maria Müller
- Institute of Biology, Plant Sciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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11
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Dixit S, Widemann E, Bensoussan N, Salehipourshirazi G, Bruinsma K, Milojevic M, Shukla A, Romero LC, Zhurov V, Bernards MA, Chruszcz M, Grbić M, Grbić V. β-Cyanoalanine synthase protects mites against Arabidopsis defenses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1961-1975. [PMID: 35348790 PMCID: PMC9342966 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are antiherbivory chemical defense compounds in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Specialist herbivores that feed on brassicaceous plants have evolved various mechanisms aimed at preventing the formation of toxic isothiocyanates. In contrast, generalist herbivores typically detoxify isothiocyanates through glutathione conjugation upon exposure. Here, we examined the response of an extreme generalist herbivore, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Koch), to indole glucosinolates. Tetranychus urticae is a composite generalist whose individual populations have a restricted host range but have an ability to rapidly adapt to initially unfavorable plant hosts. Through comparative transcriptomic analysis of mite populations that have differential susceptibilities to Arabidopsis defenses, we identified β-cyanoalanine synthase of T. urticae (TuCAS), which encodes an enzyme with dual cysteine and β-cyanoalanine synthase activities. We combined Arabidopsis genetics, chemical complementation and mite reverse genetics to show that TuCAS is required for mite adaptation to Arabidopsis through its β-cyanoalanine synthase activity. Consistent with the β-cyanoalanine synthase role in detoxification of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), we discovered that upon mite herbivory, Arabidopsis plants release HCN. We further demonstrated that indole glucosinolates are sufficient for cyanide formation. Overall, our study uncovered Arabidopsis defenses that rely on indole glucosinolate-dependent cyanide for protection against mite herbivory. In response, Arabidopsis-adapted mites utilize the β-cyanoalanine synthase activity of TuCAS to counter cyanide toxicity, highlighting the mite's ability to activate resistant traits that enable this extreme polyphagous herbivore to exploit cyanogenic host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicolas Bensoussan
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | | | - Kristie Bruinsma
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Maja Milojevic
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Akanchha Shukla
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Luis C Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, E-41092 Seville, Spain
| | - Vladimir Zhurov
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Mark A Bernards
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Maksymilian Chruszcz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, 29208, USA
| | - Miodrag Grbić
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
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12
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Choudhary AK, Singh S, Khatri N, Gupta R. Hydrogen sulphide: an emerging regulator of plant defence signalling. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:532-539. [PMID: 34904345 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulphide (H2 S), a gaseous signalling molecule in plants, has gained considerable attention in recent years because of its emerging roles in the regulation of plant growth and development and responses to abiotic stressors. Although the involvement of H2 S in biotic stress is not well documented in the literature, a growing body of evidence indicates its potential role in plant defence, particularly against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Recent reports have suggested that H2 S participates in plant defence signalling potentially by (1) regulating glutathione metabolism, (2) inducing expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) and other defence-related genes, (3) modulating enzyme activity through post-translational modifications, and (4) interacting with phytohormones such as jasmonic acid, ethylene and auxin. In this review, we discuss the biosynthesis, metabolism and interaction of H2 S with phytohormones, and highlight evidence gathered so far to support the emerging roles of H2 S in plant defence against invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Choudhary
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - S Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
| | - N Khatri
- Department of Botany, Dyal Singh College, New Delhi, India
| | - R Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Tyagi A, Sharma S, Ali S, Gaikwad K. Crosstalk between H 2 S and NO: an emerging signalling pathway during waterlogging stress in legume crops. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:576-586. [PMID: 34693601 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In legumes, waterlogging is a major detrimental factor leading to huge yield losses. Generally, legumes lack tolerance to submergence, and conventional breeding to develop tolerant varieties are limited due to the lack of tolerant germplasm and potential target genes. Moreover, our understanding of the various signalling cascades, their interactions and key pathways induced during waterlogging is limited. Here, we focus on the role of two important plant signalling molecules, viz. hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) and nitric oxide (NO), during waterlogging stress in legumes. Plants and soil microbes produce these signalling molecules both endogenously and exogenously under various stresses, including waterlogging. NO and H2 S are known to regulate key physiological pathways, such as stomatal closure, leaf senescence and regulation of numerous stress signalling pathways, while NO plays a pivotal role in adventitious root formation during waterlogging. The crosstalk between H2 S and NO is synergistic because of the resemblance of their physiological effects and proteomic functions, which mainly operate through cysteine-dependent post-translational modifications via S-nitrosation and persulfidation. Such knowledge has provided novel platforms for researchers to unravel the complexity associated with H2 S-NO signalling and interactions with plant stress hormones. This review provides an overall summary on H2 S and NO, including biosynthesis, biological importance, crosstalk, transporter regulation as well as understanding their role during waterlogging using 'multi-omics' approach. Understanding H2 S and NO signalling will help in deciphering the metabolic interactions and identifying key regulatory genes that could be used for developing waterlogging tolerance in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tyagi
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - S Sharma
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - S Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - K Gaikwad
- ICAR - National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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14
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Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants have developed sophisticated mechanism to sense and utilize nutrients from the environment, and modulate their growth and development according to the nutrient availability. Research in the past two decades revealed that nutrient assimilation is not occurring spontaneously, but nutrient signaling networks are complexly regulated and integrate sensing and signaling, gene expression, and metabolism to ensure homeostasis and coordination with plant energy conversion and other processes. Here, we review the importance of the macronutrient sulfur (S) and compare the knowledge of S signaling with other important macronutrients, such as nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). We focus on key advances in understanding sulfur sensing and signaling, uptake and assimilation, and we provide new analysis of published literature, to identify core genes regulated by the key transcriptional factor in S starvation response, SLIM1/EIL3, and compare the impact on other nutrient deficiency and stresses on S-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ristova
- University of Cologne, Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- University of Cologne, Institute for Plant Sciences, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
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15
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Fuchs P, Bohle F, Lichtenauer S, Ugalde JM, Feitosa Araujo E, Mansuroglu B, Ruberti C, Wagner S, Müller-Schüssele SJ, Meyer AJ, Schwarzländer M. Reductive stress triggers ANAC017-mediated retrograde signaling to safeguard the endoplasmic reticulum by boosting mitochondrial respiratory capacity. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1375-1395. [PMID: 35078237 PMCID: PMC9125394 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Redox processes are at the heart of universal life processes, such as metabolism, signaling, or folding of secreted proteins. Redox landscapes differ between cell compartments and are strictly controlled to tolerate changing conditions and to avoid cell dysfunction. While a sophisticated antioxidant network counteracts oxidative stress, our understanding of reductive stress responses remains fragmentary. Here, we observed root growth impairment in Arabidopsis thaliana mutants of mitochondrial alternative oxidase 1a (aox1a) in response to the model thiol reductant dithiothreitol (DTT). Mutants of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (ucp1) displayed a similar phenotype indicating that impaired respiratory flexibility led to hypersensitivity. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was enhanced in the mitochondrial mutants and limiting ER oxidoreductin capacity in the aox1a background led to synergistic root growth impairment by DTT, indicating that mitochondrial respiration alleviates reductive ER stress. The observations that DTT triggered nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) reduction in vivo and that the presence of thiols led to electron transport chain activity in isolated mitochondria offer a biochemical framework of mitochondrion-mediated alleviation of thiol-mediated reductive stress. Ablation of transcription factor Arabidopsis NAC domain-containing protein17 (ANAC017) impaired the induction of AOX1a expression by DTT and led to DTT hypersensitivity, revealing that reductive stress tolerance is achieved by adjusting mitochondrial respiratory capacity via retrograde signaling. Our data reveal an unexpected role for mitochondrial respiratory flexibility and retrograde signaling in reductive stress tolerance involving inter-organelle redox crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Fuchs
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48143 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Finja Bohle
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sophie Lichtenauer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48143 Münster, Germany
| | - José Manuel Ugalde
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Elias Feitosa Araujo
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Berivan Mansuroglu
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Cristina Ruberti
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Wagner
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48143 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefanie J Müller-Schüssele
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas J Meyer
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48143 Münster, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
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16
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Role of Sulfate Transporters in Chromium Tolerance in Scenedesmus acutus M. (Sphaeropleales). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11020223. [PMID: 35050111 PMCID: PMC8780407 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur (S) is essential for the synthesis of important defense compounds and in the scavenging potential of oxidative stress, conferring increased capacity to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. Chromate can induce a sort of S-starvation by competing for uptake with SO42− and causing a depletion of cellular reduced compounds, thus emphasizing the role of S-transporters in heavy-metal tolerance. In this work we analyzed the sulfate transporter system in the freshwater green algae Scenedesmus acutus, that proved to possess both H+/SO42− (SULTRs) and Na+/SO42− (SLTs) plasma membrane sulfate transporters and a chloroplast-envelope localized ABC-type holocomplex. We discuss the sulfate uptake system of S. acutus in comparison with other taxa, enlightening differences among the clade Sphaeropleales and Volvocales/Chlamydomonadales. To define the role of S transporters in chromium tolerance, we analyzed the expression of SULTRs and SULPs components of the chloroplast ABC transporter in two strains of S. acutus with different Cr(VI) sensitivity. Their differential expression in response to Cr(VI) exposure and S availability seems directly linked to Cr(VI) tolerance, confirming the role of sulfate uptake/assimilation pathways in the metal stress response. The SULTRs up-regulation, observed in both strains after S-starvation, may directly contribute to enhancing Cr-tolerance by limiting Cr(VI) uptake and increasing sulfur availability for the synthesis of sulfur-containing defense molecules.
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Fu X, Liao Y, Cheng S, Deng R, Yang Z. Stable Isotope-Labeled Precursor Tracing Reveals that l-Alanine is Converted to l-Theanine via l-Glutamate not Ethylamine in Tea Plants In Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:15354-15361. [PMID: 34904439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tea plants (Camellia sinensis) specifically produce l-theanine, which contributes to tea function and taste. Ethylamine is a limiting factor differentiating l-theanine accumulation between tea and other plants. Ethylamine has long been assumed to be derived from l-alanine in tea. In this study, the l-alanine content in tea root cells was mainly located in vacuoles and mitochondria using a nonaqueous fractionation technique, while alanine decarboxylase in tea (CsADC) was located in the cytoplasm. Although CsADC was able to catalyze l-alanine decarboxylation to produce ethylamine in vitro, it may not provide the same enzyme activity in tea plants. Stable isotope-labeled precursor tracing in tea plants discovered that l-alanine is not a direct precursor of ethylamine but a precursor of l-glutamate, which is involved in l-theanine biosynthesis in tea. Cortex with epidermis from root tissue was the main location of ethylamine. In summary, l-alanine is converted to l-theanine via l-glutamate not ethylamine in tea plants in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumin Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Yinyin Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Sihua Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Rufang Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Ziyin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
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18
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Thakur M, Anand A. Hydrogen sulfide: An emerging signaling molecule regulating drought stress response in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:1227-1243. [PMID: 33860955 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is a small, reactive signaling molecule that is produced within chloroplasts of plant cells as an intermediate in the assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway by the enzyme sulfite reductase. In addition, H2 S is also produced in cytosol and mitochondria by desulfhydration of l-cysteine catalyzed by l-cysteine desulfhydrase (DES1) in the cytosol and from β-cyanoalanine in mitochondria, in a reaction catalyzed by β-cyano-Ala synthase C1 (CAS-C1). H2 S exerts its numerous biological functions by post-translational modification involving oxidation of cysteine residues (RSH) to persulfides (RSSH). At lower concentrations (10-1000 μmol L-1 ), H2 S shows huge agricultural potential as it increases the germination rate, the size, fresh weight, and ultimately the crop yield. It is also involved in abiotic stress response against drought, salinity, high temperature, and heavy metals. H2 S donor, for example, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), has been exogenously applied on plants by various researchers to provide drought stress tolerance. Exogenous application results in the accumulation of polyamines, sugars, glycine betaine, and enhancement of the antioxidant enzyme activities in response to drought-induced osmotic and oxidative stress, thus, providing stress adaptation to plants. At the biochemical level, administration of H2 S donors reduces malondialdehyde content and lipoxygenase activity to maintain the cell integrity, causes abscisic acid-mediated stomatal closure to prevent water loss through transpiration, and accelerates the photosystem II repair cycle. Here, we review the crosstalk of H2 S with secondary messengers and phytohormones towards the regulation of drought stress response and emphasize various approaches that can be addressed to strengthen research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Thakur
- College of Horticulture and Forestry (Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry), Neri, Hamirpur, India
| | - Anjali Anand
- Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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19
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Jobe TO, Yu Q, Hauser F, Xie Q, Meng Y, Maassen T, Kopriva S, Schroeder JI. The SLIM1 transcription factor is required for arsenic resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett 2021; 595:1696-1707. [PMID: 33960401 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulators of arsenic-induced gene expression remain largely unknown. Sulfur assimilation is tightly linked with arsenic detoxification. Here, we report that mutant alleles in the SLIM1 transcription factor are substantially more sensitive to arsenic than cadmium. Arsenic treatment caused high levels of oxidative stress in the slim1 mutants, and slim1 alleles were impaired in both thiol accumulation and sulfate accumulation. We further found enhanced arsenic accumulation in roots of slim1 mutants. Transcriptome analyses indicate an important role for SLIM1 in arsenic-induced tolerance mechanisms. The present study identifies the SLIM1 transcription factor as an essential component in arsenic tolerance and arsenic-induced gene expression. Our results suggest that the severe arsenic sensitivity of the slim1 mutants is caused by altered redox status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy O Jobe
- Biocenter, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Qi Yu
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.,School of Life Sciences, and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Felix Hauser
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qingqing Xie
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yuan Meng
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tim Maassen
- Biocenter, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Stanislav Kopriva
- Biocenter, Botanical Institute, University of Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Plant Sciences and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
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20
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Watanabe M, Chiba Y, Hirai MY. Metabolism and Regulatory Functions of O-Acetylserine, S-Adenosylmethionine, Homocysteine, and Serine in Plant Development and Environmental Responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:643403. [PMID: 34025692 PMCID: PMC8137854 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.643403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The metabolism of an organism is closely related to both its internal and external environments. Metabolites can act as signal molecules that regulate the functions of genes and proteins, reflecting the status of these environments. This review discusses the metabolism and regulatory functions of O-acetylserine (OAS), S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), homocysteine (Hcy), and serine (Ser), which are key metabolites related to sulfur (S)-containing amino acids in plant metabolic networks, in comparison to microbial and animal metabolism. Plants are photosynthetic auxotrophs that have evolved a specific metabolic network different from those in other living organisms. Although amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and common metabolites in all living organisms, their metabolism and regulation in plants have specific features that differ from those in animals and bacteria. In plants, cysteine (Cys), an S-containing amino acid, is synthesized from sulfide and OAS derived from Ser. Methionine (Met), another S-containing amino acid, is also closely related to Ser metabolism because of its thiomethyl moiety. Its S atom is derived from Cys and its methyl group from folates, which are involved in one-carbon metabolism with Ser. One-carbon metabolism is also involved in the biosynthesis of AdoMet, which serves as a methyl donor in the methylation reactions of various biomolecules. Ser is synthesized in three pathways: the phosphorylated pathway found in all organisms and the glycolate and the glycerate pathways, which are specific to plants. Ser metabolism is not only important in Ser supply but also involved in many other functions. Among the metabolites in this network, OAS is known to function as a signal molecule to regulate the expression of OAS gene clusters in response to environmental factors. AdoMet regulates amino acid metabolism at enzymatic and translational levels and regulates gene expression as methyl donor in the DNA and histone methylation or after conversion into bioactive molecules such as polyamine and ethylene. Hcy is involved in Met-AdoMet metabolism and can regulate Ser biosynthesis at an enzymatic level. Ser metabolism is involved in development and stress responses. This review aims to summarize the metabolism and regulatory functions of OAS, AdoMet, Hcy, and Ser and compare the available knowledge for plants with that for animals and bacteria and propose a future perspective on plant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Watanabe
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yukako Chiba
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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21
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Almuhayawi MS, Al Jaouni SK, Almuhayawi SM, Selim S, Abdel-Mawgoud M. Elevated CO 2 improves the nutritive value, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and hypocholestecolemic activities of lemongrass sprouts. Food Chem 2021; 357:129730. [PMID: 33989926 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sprouts have been regarded as a big store for bioactive compounds with a wide range of biological activities. Elevated CO2 (eCO2, 620 μmol mol-1)was employed to enhance the nutritive and health promoting values of sprouts of two species of lemongrass, i.e. Cymbopogon citratus and Cymbopogon proximus. eCO2 improved the biomass production of sprouts, and their levels of primary metabolites e.g., amino acids and oils and active secondary metabolites e.g., phenolic compounds. As a result, eCO2 increased total antioxidant capacity, cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines, and antibacterial activities of Cymbopogon sprouts. We also recorded a significant increase in hypocholesterolaemic potential and anti-inflammatory activities of eCO2-treated sprouts, as indicated by inhibition of cholesterol micellar solubility and pancreatic lipase activity, as well as lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activities, respectively. Thus, the present investigation supports the use of eCO2 as a promising approach to produce lemongrass sprouts with effective phytochemicals and enhanced biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Almuhayawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Soad K Al Jaouni
- Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad M Almuhayawi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, P.O. 2014, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Something smells bad to plant pathogens: Production of hydrogen sulfide in plants and its role in plant defence responses. J Adv Res 2020; 27:199-209. [PMID: 33318878 PMCID: PMC7728587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sulfur and diverse sulfur-containing compounds constitute important components of plant defences against a wide array of microbial pathogens. Among them, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) occupies a prominent position as a gaseous signalling molecule that plays multiple roles in regulation of plant growth, development and plant responses to stress conditions. Although the production of H2S in plant cells has been discovered several decades ago, the underlying pathways of H2S biosynthesis, metabolism and signalling were only recently uncovered. Aim of the review Here we review the current knowledge on the biosynthesis of H2S in plant cells, with special attention to L-cysteine desulfhydrase (DES) as the key enzyme controlling H2S levels biosynthesis in the cytosol of plant cells during plant growth, development and diverse abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Key Scientific Concepts of Review Recent advances have revealed molecular mechanisms of DES properties, functions and regulation involved in modulations of H2S production during plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress stimuli. Studies on des mutants of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana uncovered molecular mechanisms of H2S action as a signalling and defence molecule in plant-pathogen interactions. Signalling pathways of H2S include S-persulfidation of protein cysteines, a redox-based post-translational modification leading to activation of downstream components of H2S signalling. Accumulated evidence shows DES and H2S implementation into salicylic acid signalling and activation of pathogenesis-related proteins and autophagy within plant immunity. Obtained knowledge on molecular mechanisms of H2S action in plant defence responses opens new prospects in the search for crop varieties with increased resistance to bacterial and fungal pathogens.
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23
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Liao Y, Fu X, Zeng L, Yang Z. Strategies for studying in vivo biochemical formation pathways and multilevel distributions of quality or function-related specialized metabolites in tea (Camellia sinensis). Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:429-442. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1819195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Liao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumin Fu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyin Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Regulatory thiol oxidation in chloroplast metabolism, oxidative stress response and environmental signaling in plants. Biochem J 2020; 477:1865-1878. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The antagonism between thiol oxidation and reduction enables efficient control of protein function and is used as central mechanism in cellular regulation. The best-studied mechanism is the dithiol-disulfide transition in the Calvin Benson Cycle in photosynthesis, including mixed disulfide formation by glutathionylation. The adjustment of the proper thiol redox state is a fundamental property of all cellular compartments. The glutathione redox potential of the cytosol, stroma, matrix and nucleoplasm usually ranges between −300 and −320 mV. Thiol reduction proceeds by short electron transfer cascades consisting of redox input elements and redox transmitters such as thioredoxins. Thiol oxidation ultimately is linked to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Enhanced ROS production under stress shifts the redox network to more positive redox potentials. ROS do not react randomly but primarily with few specific redox sensors in the cell. The most commonly encountered reaction within the redox regulatory network however is the disulfide swapping. The thiol oxidation dynamics also involves transnitrosylation. This review compiles present knowledge on this network and its central role in sensing environmental cues with focus on chloroplast metabolism.
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Wawrzyńska A, Sirko A. The Role of Selective Protein Degradation in the Regulation of Iron and Sulfur Homeostasis in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2771. [PMID: 32316330 PMCID: PMC7215296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are able to synthesize all essential metabolites from minerals, water, and light to complete their life cycle. This plasticity comes at a high energy cost, and therefore, plants need to tightly allocate resources in order to control their economy. Being sessile, plants can only adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions, relying on quality control mechanisms. The remodeling of cellular components plays a crucial role, not only in response to stress, but also in normal plant development. Dynamic protein turnover is ensured through regulated protein synthesis and degradation processes. To effectively target a wide range of proteins for degradation, plants utilize two mechanistically-distinct, but largely complementary systems: the 26S proteasome and the autophagy. As both proteasomal- and autophagy-mediated protein degradation use ubiquitin as an essential signal of substrate recognition, they share ubiquitin conjugation machinery and downstream ubiquitin recognition modules. Recent progress has been made in understanding the cellular homeostasis of iron and sulfur metabolisms individually, and growing evidence indicates that complex crosstalk exists between iron and sulfur networks. In this review, we highlight the latest publications elucidating the role of selective protein degradation in the control of iron and sulfur metabolism during plant development, as well as environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wawrzyńska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
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Arif MS, Yasmeen T, Abbas Z, Ali S, Rizwan M, Aljarba NH, Alkahtani S, Abdel-Daim MM. Role of Exogenous and Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide (H 2S) on Functional Traits of Plants Under Heavy Metal Stresses: A Recent Perspective. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:545453. [PMID: 33488636 PMCID: PMC7817613 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.545453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Improving growth and productivity of plants that are vulnerable to environmental stresses, such as heavy metals, is of significant importance for meeting global food and energy demands. Because heavy metal toxicity not only causes impaired plant growth, it has also posed many concerns related to human well-being, so mitigation of heavy metal pollution is a necessary priority for a cleaner environment and healthier world. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous signaling molecule, is involved in metal-related oxidative stress mitigation and increased stress tolerance in plants. It performs multifunctional roles in plant growth regulation while reducing the adverse effects of abiotic stress. Most effective function of H2S in plants is to eliminate metal-related oxidative toxicity by regulating several key physiobiochemical processes. Soil pollution by heavy metals presents significant environmental challenge due to the absence of vegetation cover and the resulting depletion of key soil functions. However, the use of stress alleviators, such as H2S, along with suitable crop plants, has considerable potential for an effective management of these contaminated soils. Overall, the present review examines the imperative role of exogenous application of different H2S donors in reducing HMs toxicity, by promoting plant growth, stabilizing their physiobiochemical processes, and upregulating antioxidative metabolic activities. In addition, crosstalk of different growth regulators with endogenous H2S and their contribution to the mitigation of metal phytotoxicity have also been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saleem Arif
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Yasmeen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Tahira Yasmeen, ;
| | - Zohaib Abbas
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Shafaqat Ali, ;
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nada H. Aljarba
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Harun-Ur-Rashid M, Oogai S, Parveen S, Inafuku M, Iwasaki H, Fukuta M, Amzad Hossain M, Oku H. Molecular cloning of putative chloroplastic cysteine synthase in Leucaena leucocephala. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:95-108. [PMID: 31828681 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-019-01158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine biosynthesis is directed by the successive commitments of serine acetyltransferase, and O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (OASTL) compounds, which subsequently frame the decameric cysteine synthase complex. The isoforms of OASTL are found in three compartments of the cell: the cytosol, plastid, and mitochondria. In this investigation, we first isolated putative chloroplastic OASTL (Ch-OASTL) from Leucaena leucocephala, and the Ch-OASTL was then expressed in BL21-competent Escherichia coli. The putative Ch-OASTL cDNA clone had 1,543 base pairs with 391 amino acids in its open reading frame and a molecular weight of 41.54 kDa. The purified protein product exhibited cysteine synthesis ability, but not mimosine synthesis activity. However, they both make the common α-aminoacrylate intermediate in their first half reaction scheme with the conventional substrate O-acetyl serine (OAS). Hence, we considered putative Ch-OASTL a cysteine-specific enzyme. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the optimum pH for cysteine synthesis was 7.0, and the optimum temperature was 40 °C. In the cysteine synthesis assay, the Km and kcat values were 838 ± 26 µM and 72.83 s-1 for OAS, respectively, and 60 ± 2 µM and 2.43 s-1 for Na2S, respectively. We can infer that putative Ch-OASTL regulatory role is considered a sensor for sulfur constraint conditions, and it acts as a forerunner of various metabolic compound molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Harun-Ur-Rashid
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Shigeki Oogai
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shahanaz Parveen
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Molecular Biotechnology Group, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Masashi Inafuku
- Molecular Biotechnology Group, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Hironori Iwasaki
- Molecular Biotechnology Group, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Masakazu Fukuta
- Department of Subtropical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan.
| | - Md Amzad Hossain
- Department of Subtropical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
| | - Hirosuke Oku
- Molecular Biotechnology Group, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Senbaru 1, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
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Pradedova EV, Nimaeva OD, Rakevich AL, Salyaev RK. Comparative analyses of glutathione system of vacuoles and leucoplasts isolated from the storage parenchyma cells of dormant red beetroots (Beta vulgaris L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 145:52-63. [PMID: 31665667 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The role of glutathione in the plant vacuole is still being debated. In the present paper, the redox state of glutathione and the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST, E 2.5.1.18) in the vacuole compared to those in leucoplast have been studied. Organelles were isolated from dormant red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) taproots. Two generally used approaches have been applied to quantitatively assess the content of glutathione. Initially, levels of glutathione were measured in isolated organelles after labeling with monochlorobimane (MCB) and imaging with the use of confocal laser scanning microscopy. However, there are factors limiting the specificity of this method, because of which the resulting concentrations of vacuolar GSH have been underestimated. Another approach used was HPLC, which allows to simultaneously quantify the reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG). The concentration of the total glutathione (GSHt) and GSSG in vacuoles determined with the aid of HPLC-UV was higher in comparison to that in the leucoplasts. The reduction potential (Eh) for the glutathione couple in the vacuoles was more positive (-163 mV), than that in plastids (-282 mV). The relatively rapid increase in fluorescence in the isolated vacuoles and plastids during MCB-labeling has indicated to the contribution of GSTs, since the conjugation of GSH to bimane is catalysed by these enzymes. The GST activity in the vacuoles has been assessed to be quite high compared to that of leucoplasts. The number of isoforms of GSTs also differed markedly in vacuoles and plastids. Collectively, our findings suggest the idea that the glutathione accumulated by central vacuole seems to contribute to the redox processes and to the detoxification, which can take place in this compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Pradedova
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132 Lermontov Str., 664033, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - Oksana D Nimaeva
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132 Lermontov Str., 664033, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Alexander L Rakevich
- Institute of Laser Physics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 130a Lermontov Str., 664033, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Rurik K Salyaev
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132 Lermontov Str., 664033, Irkutsk, Russia
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Sardella A, Marieschi M, Mercatali I, Zanni C, Gorbi G, Torelli A. The relationship between sulfur metabolism and tolerance of hexavalent chromium in Scenedesmus acutus (Spheropleales): Role of ATP sulfurylase. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 216:105320. [PMID: 31590132 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur availability and the end products of its metabolism, cysteine, glutathione and phytochelatins, play an important role in heavy metal tolerance, chromium included. Sulfate and chromate not only compete for the transporters but also for assimilation enzymes and chromium tolerance in various organisms has been associated to differences in this pathway. We investigated the mechanisms of Cr(VI)-tolerance increase induced by S-starvation focusing on the role of ATP sulfurylase (ATS) in two strains of Scenedesmus acutus with different chromium sensitivity. S-starvation enhances the defence potential by increasing sulfate uptake/assimilation and decreasing chromium uptake, thus suggesting a change in the transport system. We isolated two isoforms of the enzyme, SaATS1 and SaATS2, with different sensitivity to sulfur availability, and analysed them in S-sufficient and S-replete condition both in standard and in chromium supplemented medium. SaATS2 expression is different in the two strains and presumably marks a different sulfur perception/exploitation in the Cr-tolerant. Its induction and silencing are compatible with a role in the transient tolerance increase induced by S-starvation. This enzyme can however hardly be responsible for the large cysteine production of the Cr-tolerant strain after starvation, suggesting that cytosolic rather than chloroplastic cysteine production is differently regulated in the two strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Sardella
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11A I-43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Matteo Marieschi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11A I-43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Isabel Mercatali
- ISPRA - Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Via di Castel Romano 100-00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Corrado Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11A I-43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Gessica Gorbi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11A I-43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Anna Torelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 11A I-43124, Parma, Italy.
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30
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Florez-Sarasa I, Obata T, Del-Saz NSFN, Reichheld JP, Meyer EH, Rodriguez-Concepcion M, Ribas-Carbo M, Fernie AR. The Lack of Mitochondrial Thioredoxin TRXo1 Affects In Vivo Alternative Oxidase Activity and Carbon Metabolism under Different Light Conditions. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2369-2381. [PMID: 31318380 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The alternative oxidase (AOX) constitutes a nonphosphorylating pathway of electron transport in the mitochondrial respiratory chain that provides flexibility to energy and carbon primary metabolism. Its activity is regulated in vitro by the mitochondrial thioredoxin (TRX) system which reduces conserved cysteines residues of AOX. However, in vivo evidence for redox regulation of the AOX activity is still scarce. In the present study, the redox state, protein levels and in vivo activity of the AOX in parallel to photosynthetic parameters were determined in Arabidopsis knockout mutants lacking mitochondrial trxo1 under moderate (ML) and high light (HL) conditions, known to induce in vivo AOX activity. In addition, 13C- and 14C-labeling experiments together with metabolite profiling were performed to better understand the metabolic coordination between energy and carbon metabolism in the trxo1 mutants. Our results show that the in vivo AOX activity is higher in the trxo1 mutants at ML while the AOX redox state is apparently unaltered. These results suggest that mitochondrial thiol redox systems are responsible for maintaining AOX in its reduced form rather than regulating its activity in vivo. Moreover, the negative regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle by the TRX system is coordinated with the increased input of electrons into the AOX pathway. Under HL conditions, while AOX and photosynthesis displayed similar patterns in the mutants, photorespiration is restricted at the level of glycine decarboxylation most likely as a consequence of redox imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Florez-Sarasa
- Max-Planck-Institut f�r Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Max-Planck-Institut f�r Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- University of Nebraska Lincoln, 1901 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Nï Stor Fernï Ndez Del-Saz
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Departamento de Bot�nica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanogr�ficas, Universidad de Concepci�n, Concepci�n, Chile
| | | | - Etienne H Meyer
- Max-Planck-Institut f�r Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Ribas-Carbo
- Grup de Recerca en Biologia de les Plantes en Condicions Mediterranies, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa Km 7.5, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut f�r Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am M�hlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Gotor C, García I, Aroca Á, Laureano-Marín AM, Arenas-Alfonseca L, Jurado-Flores A, Moreno I, Romero LC. Signaling by hydrogen sulfide and cyanide through post-translational modification. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4251-4265. [PMID: 31087094 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Two cysteine metabolism-related molecules, hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen cyanide, which are considered toxic, have now been considered as signaling molecules. Hydrogen sulfide is produced in chloroplasts through the activity of sulfite reductase and in the cytosol and mitochondria by the action of sulfide-generating enzymes, and regulates/affects essential plant processes such as plant adaptation, development, photosynthesis, autophagy, and stomatal movement, where interplay with other signaling molecules occurs. The mechanism of action of sulfide, which modifies protein cysteine thiols to form persulfides, is related to its chemical features. This post-translational modification, called persulfidation, could play a protective role for thiols against oxidative damage. Hydrogen cyanide is produced during the biosynthesis of ethylene and camalexin in non-cyanogenic plants, and is detoxified by the action of sulfur-related enzymes. Cyanide functions include the breaking of seed dormancy, modifying the plant responses to biotic stress, and inhibition of root hair elongation. The mode of action of cyanide is under investigation, although it has recently been demonstrated to perform post-translational modification of protein cysteine thiols to form thiocyanate, a process called S-cyanylation. Therefore, the signaling roles of sulfide and most probably of cyanide are performed through the modification of specific cysteine residues, altering protein functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Gotor
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Irene García
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Ángeles Aroca
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana M Laureano-Marín
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Lucía Arenas-Alfonseca
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Jurado-Flores
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Moreno
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
| | - Luis C Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Seville, Spain
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Jez JM. Structural biology of plant sulfur metabolism: from sulfate to glutathione. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:4089-4103. [PMID: 30825314 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential element for all organisms. Plants must assimilate this nutrient from the environment and convert it into metabolically useful forms for the biosynthesis of a wide range of compounds, including cysteine and glutathione. This review summarizes structural biology studies on the enzymes involved in plant sulfur assimilation [ATP sulfurylase, adenosine-5'-phosphate (APS) reductase, and sulfite reductase], cysteine biosynthesis (serine acetyltransferase and O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase), and glutathione biosynthesis (glutamate-cysteine ligase and glutathione synthetase) pathways. Overall, X-ray crystal structures of enzymes in these core pathways provide molecular-level information on the chemical events that allow plants to incorporate sulfur into essential metabolites and revealed new biochemical regulatory mechanisms, such as structural rearrangements, protein-protein interactions, and thiol-based redox switches, for controlling different steps in these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Jez
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Feldman-Salit A, Veith N, Wirtz M, Hell R, Kummer U. Distribution of control in the sulfur assimilation in Arabidopsis thaliana depends on environmental conditions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1392-1404. [PMID: 30681147 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur assimilation is central to the survival of plants and has been studied under different environmental conditions. Multiple studies have been published trying to determine rate-limiting or controlling steps in this pathway. However, the picture remains inconclusive with at least two different enzymes proposed to represent such rate-limiting steps. Here, we used computational modeling to gain an integrative understanding of the distribution of control in the sulfur assimilation pathway of Arabidopsis thaliana. For this purpose, we set up a new ordinary differential equation (ODE)-based, kinetic model of sulfur assimilation encompassing all biochemical reactions directly involved in this process. We fitted the model to published experimental data and produced a model ensemble to deal with parameter uncertainties. The ensemble was validated against additional published experimental data. We used the model ensemble to subsequently analyse the control pattern and robustly identified a set of processes that share the control in this pathway under standard conditions. Interestingly, the pattern of control is dynamic and not static, that is it changes with changing environmental conditions. Therefore, while adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase (APR) and sulfite reductase (SiR) share control under standard laboratory conditions, APR takes over an even more dominant role under sulfur starvation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Feldman-Salit
- Department Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg/Bioquant, INF 267, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Veith
- Department Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg/Bioquant, INF 267, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Department Molecular Biology of Plants, COS Heidelberg, INF 360, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Department Molecular Biology of Plants, COS Heidelberg, INF 360, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ursula Kummer
- Department Modeling of Biological Processes, COS Heidelberg/Bioquant, INF 267, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Tuzet A, Rahantaniaina MS, Noctor G. Analyzing the Function of Catalase and the Ascorbate-Glutathione Pathway in H 2O 2 Processing: Insights from an Experimentally Constrained Kinetic Model. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1238-1268. [PMID: 30044135 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Plant stress involves redox signaling linked to reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can be generated at high rates in photosynthetic cells. The systems that process H2O2 include catalase (CAT) and the ascorbate-glutathione pathway, but interactions between them remain unclear. Modeling can aid interpretation and pinpoint areas for investigation. Recent Advances: Based on emerging data and concepts, we introduce a new experimentally constrained kinetic model to analyze interactions between H2O2, CAT, ascorbate, glutathione, and NADPH. The sensitivity points required for accurate simulation of experimental observations are analyzed, and the implications for H2O2-linked redox signaling are discussed. CRITICAL ISSUES We discuss several implications of the modeled results, in particular the following. (i) CAT and ascorbate peroxidase can share the load in H2O2 processing even in optimal conditions. (ii) Intracellular H2O2 concentrations more than the low μM range may rarely occur. (iii) Ascorbate redox turnover is largely independent of glutathione until ascorbate peroxidation exceeds a certain value. (iv) NADPH availability may determine glutathione redox status through its influence on monodehydroascorbate reduction. (v) The sensitivity of glutathione status to oxidative stress emphasizes its potential suitability as a sensor of increased H2O2. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Important future questions include the roles of other antioxidative systems in interacting with CAT and the ascorbate-glutathione pathway as well as the nature and significance of processes that achieve redox exchange between different subcellular compartments. Progress in these areas is likely to be favored by integrating kinetic modeling analyses into experimentally based programs, allowing each approach to inform the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée Tuzet
- 1 Unité Mixte de Recherche ECOSYS/Pôle BIOCLIMATOLOGIE, INRA-AgroParisTech, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - Marie-Sylviane Rahantaniaina
- 1 Unité Mixte de Recherche ECOSYS/Pôle BIOCLIMATOLOGIE, INRA-AgroParisTech, Thiverval-Grignon, France.,2 Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213/UMR1403, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay, France
| | - Graham Noctor
- 2 Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), UMR 9213/UMR1403, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, INRA, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Orsay, France
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Beshir WF, Tohge T, Watanabe M, Hertog MLATM, Hoefgen R, Fernie AR, Nicolaï BM. Non-aqueous fractionation revealed changing subcellular metabolite distribution during apple fruit development. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:98. [PMID: 31666959 PMCID: PMC6804870 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In developing apple fruit, metabolic compartmentation is poorly understood due to the lack of experimental data. Distinguishing subcellular compartments in fruit using non-aqueous fractionation has been technically difficult due to the excess amount of sugars present in the different subcellular compartments limiting the resolution of the technique. The work described in this study represents the first attempt to apply non-aqueous fractionation to developing apple fruit, covering the major events occurring during fruit development (cell division, cell expansion, and maturation). Here we describe the non-aqueous fractionation method to study the subcellular compartmentation of metabolites during apple fruit development considering three main cellular compartments (cytosol, plastids, and vacuole). Evidence is presented that most of the sugars and organic acids were predominantly located in the vacuole, whereas some of the amino acids were distributed between the cytosol and the vacuole. The results showed a shift in the plastid marker from the lightest fractions in the early growth stage to the dense fractions in the later fruit growth stages. This implies that the accumulation of starch content with progressing fruit development substantially influenced the distribution of plastidial fragments within the non-aqueous density gradient applied. Results from this study provide substantial baseline information on assessing the subcellular compartmentation of metabolites in apple fruit in general and during fruit growth in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasiye F. Beshir
- Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Mutsumi Watanabe
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Maarten L. A. T. M. Hertog
- Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rainer Hoefgen
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Bart M. Nicolaï
- Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), Department of Biosystems (BIOSYST), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Flanders Centre of Postharvest Technology (VCBT), Leuven, Belgium
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Zechmann B. Compartment-Specific Importance of Ascorbate During Environmental Stress in Plants. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1488-1501. [PMID: 28699398 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Ascorbate is an essential antioxidant in plants. Total contents and its redox state in organelles are crucial to fight and signal oxidative stress. Recent Advances: With quantitative immunoelectron microscopy and biochemical methods, highest ascorbate contents have recently been measured in peroxisomes (23 mM) and the cytosol (22 mM), lowest ones in vacuoles (2 mM), and intermediate concentrations (4-16 mM) in all other organelles. CRITICAL ISSUES The accumulation of ascorbate in chloroplasts and peroxisomes is crucial for plant defense. Its depletion in chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and mitochondria during biotic stress leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the development of chlorosis and necrosis. In the apoplast and vacuoles, ascorbate is the most important antioxidant for the detoxification of ROS. The cytosol acts as a hub for ascorbate metabolism as it reduces its oxidized forms that are produced in the cytosol or imported from other cell compartments. It is a sink for ascorbate that is produced in mitochondria, distributes ascorbate to all organelles, and uses ascorbate to detoxify ROS. As ascorbate and its redox state are involved in protein synthesis and modifications, it can be concluded that ascorbate in the cytosol senses oxidative stress and regulates plant growth, development, and defense. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future research should focus on (1) dissecting roles of ascorbate in vacuoles and the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, (2) identifying the physiological relevance of ascorbate transporters, and (3) correlating current data with changes in the subcellular distribution of related enzymes, ROS, and gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Zechmann
- Center for Microscopy and Imaging, Baylor University , Waco, Texas
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Roblin G, Octave S, Faucher M, Fleurat-Lessard P, Berjeaud JM. Cysteine: A multifaceted amino acid involved in signaling, plant resistance and antifungal development. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 129:77-89. [PMID: 29852365 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Early effects induced by cysteine were monitored using the model of Mimosa pudica pulvinar cells. Rapid dose-dependent membrane depolarization (within seconds) and modification of proton secretion (within minutes) were triggered at cysteine concentrations higher than 0.1 mM. These effects did not result from a modification of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity nor from a protonophore effect as shown by assays on plasma membrane vesicles isolated from pulvinar tissues. In a 0.5-10 mM range, cysteine inhibited the ion-driven turgor-mediated seismonastic reaction of Mimosa pudica primary pulvini and the dark-induced movement of Cassia fasciculata leaflets. At concentrations higher than 1 mM, it induced a long-lasting leaflet necrosis dependent on the concentration and treatment duration. Electron microscopy showed that cysteine induced important damage in the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi of the M. pudica motor cell. Cysteine inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner, from 0.5 to 20 mM, both the mycelial growth and the spore germination of the fungal pathogens Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium minimum implicated in esca disease of grapevines. Using [35S] cysteine, we showed that the amino acid was absorbed following leaf spraying, translocated from leaves to other parts of grapevine cuttings and accumulated within trunks and roots. Therefore, cysteine showed relevant properties to be a candidate able to control fungal diseases either by acting as an early signal directing plant host reaction or/and by acting directly on fungal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Roblin
- Université de Poitiers, Ecologie & Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, TSA51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Stéphane Octave
- Université de Poitiers, Ecologie & Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, TSA51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France; Current address: Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 7025, Génie Enzymatique et Cellulaire, Rue du Docteur Schweitzer CS 60319, 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Mireille Faucher
- Université de Poitiers, Ecologie & Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, TSA51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Pierrette Fleurat-Lessard
- Université de Poitiers, Ecologie & Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, TSA51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Marc Berjeaud
- Université de Poitiers, Ecologie & Biologie des Interactions, UMR CNRS 7267, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, TSA51106, 86073 Poitiers cedex 9, France.
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Rashid MHU, Iwasaki H, Oogai S, Fukuta M, Parveen S, Hossain MA, Anai T, Oku H. Molecular characterization of cytosolic cysteine synthase in Mimosa pudica. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2018; 131:319-329. [PMID: 29181648 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-017-0986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the cysteine and mimosine biosynthesis process, O-acetyl-L-serine (OAS) is the common substrate. In the presence of O-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (OASTL, cysteine synthase) the reaction of OAS with sulfide produces cysteine, while with 3-hydroxy-4-pyridone (3H4P) produces mimosine. The enzyme OASTL can either catalyze Cys synthesis or both Cys and mimosine. A cDNA for cytosolic OASTL was cloned from M. pudica for the first time containing 1,410 bp nucleotides. The purified protein product from overexpressed bacterial cells produced Cys only, but not mimosine, indicating it is Cys specific. Kinetic studies revealed that pH and temperature optima for Cys production were 6.5 and 50 °C, respectively. The measured Km, Kcat, and Kcat Km-1 values were 159 ± 21 µM, 33.56 s-1, and 211.07 mM-1s-1 for OAS and 252 ± 25 µM, 32.99 s-1, and 130.91 mM-1s-1 for Na2S according to the in vitro Cys assay. The Cy-OASTL of Mimosa pudica is specific to Cys production, although it contains sensory roles in sulfur assimilation and the reduction network in the intracellular environment of M. pudica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Harun-Ur- Rashid
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hironori Iwasaki
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shigeki Oogai
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masakazu Fukuta
- Graduate School of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Shahanaz Parveen
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Amzad Hossain
- Graduate School of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Anai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Hirosuke Oku
- Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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Wang J, Cappa JJ, Harris JP, Edger PP, Zhou W, Pires JC, Adair M, Unruh SA, Simmons MP, Schiavon M, Pilon‐Smits EAH. Transcriptome-wide comparison of selenium hyperaccumulator and nonaccumulator Stanleya species provides new insight into key processes mediating the hyperaccumulation syndrome. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1582-1594. [PMID: 29412503 PMCID: PMC6097121 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
To obtain better insight into the mechanisms of selenium hyperaccumulation in Stanleya pinnata, transcriptome-wide differences in root and shoot gene expression levels were investigated in S. pinnata and related nonaccumulator Stanleya elata grown with or without 20 μm selenate. Genes predicted to be involved in sulphate/selenate transport and assimilation or in oxidative stress resistance (glutathione-related genes and peroxidases) were among the most differentially expressed between species; many showed constitutively elevated expression in S. pinnata. A number of defence-related genes predicted to mediate synthesis and signalling of defence hormones jasmonic acid (JA, reported to induce sulphur assimilatory and glutathione biosynthesis genes), salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene were also more expressed in S. pinnata than S. elata. Several upstream signalling genes that up-regulate defence hormone synthesis showed higher expression in S. pinnata than S. elata and might trigger these selenium-mediated defence responses. Thus, selenium hyperaccumulation and hypertolerance in S. pinnata may be mediated by constitutive, up-regulated JA, SA and ethylene-mediated defence systems, associated with elevated expression of genes involved in sulphate/selenate uptake and assimilation or in antioxidant activity. Genes pinpointed in this study may be targets of genetic engineering of plants that may be employed in biofortification or phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Wang
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | | | | | - Patrick P. Edger
- Department of HorticultureMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and BehaviorMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
| | - Wen Zhou
- Department of StatisticsColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - J. Chris Pires
- Division of Biological SciencesBond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMOUSA
| | - Michael Adair
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Sarah A. Unruh
- Division of Biological SciencesBond Life Sciences CenterUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMOUSA
| | - Mark P. Simmons
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
| | - Michela Schiavon
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsCOUSA
- DAFNAEUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
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Aroca A, Benito JM, Gotor C, Romero LC. Persulfidation proteome reveals the regulation of protein function by hydrogen sulfide in diverse biological processes in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4915-4927. [PMID: 28992305 PMCID: PMC5853657 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide-mediated signaling pathways regulate many physiological and pathophysiological processes in mammalian and plant systems. The molecular mechanism by which hydrogen sulfide exerts its action involves the post-translational modification of cysteine residues to form a persulfidated thiol motif, a process called protein persulfidation. We have developed a comparative and quantitative proteomic analysis approach for the detection of endogenous persulfidated proteins in wild-type Arabidopsis and L-CYSTEINE DESULFHYDRASE 1 mutant leaves using the tag-switch method. The 2015 identified persulfidated proteins were isolated from plants grown under controlled conditions, and therefore, at least 5% of the entire Arabidopsis proteome may undergo persulfidation under baseline conditions. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that persulfidated cysteines participate in a wide range of biological functions, regulating important processes such as carbon metabolism, plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, plant growth and development, and RNA translation. Quantitative analysis in both genetic backgrounds reveals that protein persulfidation is mainly involved in primary metabolic pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis, and the Calvin cycle, suggesting that this protein modification is a new regulatory component in these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan M Benito
- Instituto de Investigaciones Química, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Luis C Romero
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis
- Correspondence:
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41
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Patel J, Ariyaratne M, Ahmed S, Ge L, Phuntumart V, Kalinoski A, Morris PF. Dual functioning of plant arginases provides a third route for putrescine synthesis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 262:62-73. [PMID: 28716421 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Two biosynthetic routes are known for putrescine, an essential plant metabolite. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) converts ornithine directly to putrescine, while a second route for putrescine biosynthesis utilizes arginine decarboxylase (ADC) to convert arginine to agmatine, and two additional enzymes, agmatine iminohydrolase (AIH) and N-carbamoyl putrescine aminohydrolase (NLP1) to complete this pathway. Here we show that plants can use ADC and arginase/agmatinase (ARGAH) as a third route for putrescine synthesis. Transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana ADC2, and any of the arginases from A. thaliana (ARGAH1, or ARGHA2) or the soybean gene Glyma.03g028000 (GmARGAH) into a yeast strain deficient in ODC, fully complemented the mutant phenotype. In vitro assays using purified recombinant enzymes of AtADC1 and AtARGAH2 were used to show that these enzymes can function in concert to convert arginine to agmatine and putrescine. Transient expression analysis of the soybean genes (Glyma.06g007500, ADC; Glyma.03g028000 GmARGAH) and the A. thaliana ADC2 and ARGAH genes in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, showed that these proteins are localized to the chloroplast. Experimental support for this pathway also comes from the fact that expression of AtARGAH, but not AtAIH or AtNLP1, is co-regulated with AtADC2 in response to drought, oxidative stress, wounding, and methyl jasmonate treatments. Based on the high affinity of ARGAH2 for agmatine, its co-localization with ADC2, and typically low arginine levels in many plant tissues, we propose that these two enzymes can be major contributors to putrescine synthesis in many A. thaliana stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigar Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
| | - Menaka Ariyaratne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
| | - Sheaza Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
| | - Lingxiao Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
| | - Vipaporn Phuntumart
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States
| | - Andrea Kalinoski
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, OH 43614, United States
| | - Paul F Morris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, United States.
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42
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Bratt A, Rosenwasser S, Meyer A, Fluhr R. Organelle redox autonomy during environmental stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:1909-1919. [PMID: 27037976 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is generated in plants because of inequalities in the rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and scavenging. The subcellular redox state under various stress conditions was assessed using the redox reporter roGFP2 targeted to chloroplastic, mitochondrial, peroxisomal and cytosolic compartments. In parallel, the vitality of the plant was measured by ion leakage. Our results revealed that during certain physiological stress conditions the changes in roGFP2 oxidation are comparable to application of high concentrations of exogenous H2 O2 . Under each stress, particular organelles were affected. Conditions of extended dark stress, or application of elicitor, impacted chiefly on the status of peroxisomal redox state. In contrast, conditions of drought or high light altered the status of mitochondrial or chloroplast redox state, respectively. Amalgamation of the results from diverse environmental stresses shows cases of organelle autonomy as well as multi-organelle oxidative change. Importantly, organelle-specific oxidation under several stresses proceeded cell death as measured by ion leakage, suggesting early roGFP oxidation as predictive of cell death. The measurement of redox state in multiple compartments enables one to look at redox state connectivity between organelles in relation to oxidative stress as well as assign a redox fingerprint to various types of stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishay Bratt
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 7610001
| | - Shilo Rosenwasser
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 7610001
| | - Andreas Meyer
- Chemical Signaling Lab, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany, D-53113
| | - Robert Fluhr
- Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel, 7610001
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Tahir J, Dijkwel P. β-Substituting alanine synthases: roles in cysteine metabolism and abiotic and biotic stress signalling in plants. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2016; 43:307-323. [PMID: 32480463 DOI: 10.1071/fp15272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine is required for the synthesis of proteins and metabolites, and is therefore an indispensable compound for growth and development. The β-substituting alanine synthase (BSAS) gene family encodes enzymes known as O-acetylserine thiol lyases (OASTLs), which carry out cysteine biosynthesis in plants. The functions of the BSAS isoforms have been reported to be crucial in assimilation of S and cysteine biosynthesis, and homeostasis in plants. In this review we explore the functional variation in this classic pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent enzyme family of BSAS isoforms. We discuss how specialisation and divergence in BSAS catalytic activities makes a more dynamic set of biological routers that integrate cysteine metabolism and abiotic and biotic stress signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. and also other species. Our review presents a universal scenario in which enzymes modulating cysteine metabolism promote survival and fitness of the species by counteracting internal and external stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibran Tahir
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Paul Dijkwel
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Dietz KJ, Hell R. Thiol switches in redox regulation of chloroplasts: balancing redox state, metabolism and oxidative stress. Biol Chem 2016; 396:483-94. [PMID: 25741945 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2014-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In photosynthesizing chloroplasts, rapidly changing energy input, intermediate generation of strong reductants as well as oxidants and multiple participating physicochemical processes and pathways, call for efficient regulation. Coupling redox information to protein function via thiol modifications offers a powerful mechanism to activate, down-regulate and coordinate interdependent processes. Efficient thiol switching of target proteins involves the thiol-disulfide redox regulatory network, which is highly elaborated in chloroplasts. This review addresses the features of this network. Its conditional function depends on specificity of reduction and oxidation reactions and pathways, thiol redox buffering, but also formation of heterogeneous milieus by microdomains, metabolite gradients and macromolecular assemblies. One major player is glutathione. Its synthesis and function is under feedback redox control. The number of thiol-controlled processes and involved thiol switched proteins is steadily increasing, e.g., in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, plastid transcription and plastid translation. Thus chloroplasts utilize an intricate and versatile redox regulatory network for intraorganellar and retrograde communication.
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45
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46
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Bromke MA, Hesse H. Phylogenetic analysis of methionine synthesis genes from Thalassiosira pseudonana. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:391. [PMID: 26251775 PMCID: PMC4523565 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1163-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular algae responsible for approximately 20% of global carbon fixation. Their evolution by secondary endocytobiosis resulted in a complex cellular structure and metabolism compared to algae with primary plastids. The sulfate assimilation and methionine synthesis pathways provide S-containing amino acids for the synthesis of proteins and a range of metabolites such as dimethylsulfoniopropionate. To obtain an insight into the localization and organization of the sulfur metabolism pathways we surveyed the genome of Thalassiosira pseudonana-a model organism for diatom research. We have identified and annotated genes for enzymes involved in respective pathways. Protein localization was predicted using similarities to known signal peptide motifs. We performed detailed phylogenetic analyses of enzymes involved in sulfate uptake/reduction and methionine metabolism. Moreover, we have found in up-stream sequences of studied diatoms methionine biosynthesis genes a conserved motif, which shows similarity to the Met31, a cis-motif regulating expression of methionine biosynthesis genes in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz A Bromke
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Holger Hesse
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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47
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Nakabayashi R, Saito K. Integrated metabolomics for abiotic stress responses in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 24:10-6. [PMID: 25618839 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants are considered to biosynthesize specialized (traditionally called secondary) metabolites to adapt to environmental stresses such as biotic and abiotic stresses. The majority of specialized metabolites induced by abiotic stress characteristically exhibit antioxidative activity in vitro, but their function in vivo is largely yet to be experimentally confirmed. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the identification of the role of abiotic stress-responsive specialized metabolites with an emphasis on flavonoids. Integrated 'omics' analysis, centered on metabolomics with a series of plant resources differing in their flavonoid accumulation, showed experimentally that flavonoids play a major role in antioxidation in vivo. In addition, the results also suggest the role of flavonoids in the vacuole. To obtain more in-depth insights, chemical and biological challenges need to be addressed for the identification of unknown specialized metabolites and their in vivo functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan.
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48
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Findling S, Zanger K, Krueger S, Lohaus G. Subcellular distribution of raffinose oligosaccharides and other metabolites in summer and winter leaves of Ajuga reptans (Lamiaceae). PLANTA 2015; 241:229-241. [PMID: 25269399 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In Ajuga reptans, raffinose oligosaccharides accumulated during winter. Stachyose, verbascose, and higher RFO oligomers were exclusively found in the vacuole whereas one-fourth of raffinose was localized in the stroma. The evergreen labiate Ajuga reptans L. can grow at low temperature. The carbohydrate metabolism changes during the cold phase, e.g., raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) accumulate. Additionally, A. reptans translocates RFOs in the phloem. In the present study, subcellular concentrations of metabolites were studied in summer and winter leaves of A. reptans to gain further insight into regulatory instances involved in the cold acclimation process and into the function of RFOs. Subcellular metabolite concentrations were determined by non-aqueous fractionation. Volumes of the subcellular compartments of summer and winter leaves were analyzed by morphometric measurements. The metabolite content varied strongly between summer and winter leaves. Soluble metabolites increased up to tenfold during winter whereas the starch content was decreased. In winter leaves, the subcellular distribution showed a shift of carbohydrates from cytoplasm to vacuole and chloroplast. Despite this, the metabolite concentration was higher in all compartments in winter leaves compared to summer leaves because of the much higher total metabolite content in winter leaves. The different oligosaccharides did show different compartmentations. Stachyose, verbascose, and higher RFO oligomers were almost exclusively found in the vacuole whereas one-fourth of raffinose was localized in the stroma. Apparently, the subcellular distribution of the RFOs differs because they fulfill different functions in plant metabolism during winter. Raffinose might function in protecting chloroplast membranes during freezing, whereas higher RFO oligomers may exert protective effects on vacuolar membranes. In addition, the high content of RFOs in winter leaves may also result from reduced consumption of assimilates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Findling
- Molekulare Pflanzenforschung/Pflanzenbiochemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany,
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Tavares S, Wirtz M, Beier MP, Bogs J, Hell R, Amâncio S. Characterization of the serine acetyltransferase gene family of Vitis vinifera uncovers differences in regulation of OAS synthesis in woody plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:74. [PMID: 25741355 PMCID: PMC4330696 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants cysteine biosynthesis is catalyzed by O-acetylserine(thiol)lyase (OASTL) and represents the last step of the assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway. It is mainly regulated by provision of O-acetylserine (OAS), the nitrogen/carbon containing backbone for fixation of reduced sulfur. OAS is synthesized by Serine acetyltransferase (SERAT), which reversibly interacts with OASTL in the cysteine synthase complex (CSC). In this study we identify and characterize the SERAT gene family of the crop plant Vitis vinifera. The identified four members of the VvSERAT protein family are assigned to three distinct groups upon their sequence similarities to Arabidopsis SERATs. Expression of fluorescently labeled VvSERAT proteins uncover that the sub-cellular localization of VvSERAT1;1 and VvSERAT3;1 is the cytosol and that VvSERAT2;1 and VvSERAT2;2 localize in addition in plastids and mitochondria, respectively. The purified VvSERATs of group 1 and 2 have higher enzymatic activity than VvSERAT3;1, which display a characteristic C-terminal extension also present in AtSERAT3;1. VvSERAT1;1 and VvSERAT2;2 are evidenced to form the CSC. CSC formation activates VvSERAT2;2, by releasing CSC-associated VvSERAT2;2 from cysteine inhibition. Thus, subcellular distribution of SERAT isoforms and CSC formation in cytosol and mitochondria is conserved between Arabidopsis and grapevine. Surprisingly, VvSERAT2;1 lack the canonical C-terminal tail of plant SERATs, does not form the CSC and is almost insensitive to cysteine inhibition (IC50 = 1.9 mM cysteine). Upon sulfate depletion VvSERAT2;1 is strongly induced at the transcriptional level, while transcription of other VvSERATs is almost unaffected in sulfate deprived grapevine cell suspension cultures. Application of abiotic stresses to soil grown grapevine plants revealed isoform-specific induction of VvSERAT2;1 in leaves upon drought, whereas high light- or temperature- stress hardly trigger VvSERAT2;1 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Tavares
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de LisboaOeiras, Portugal
| | - Markus Wirtz
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel P. Beier
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Bogs
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
- Studiengang Weinbau und Oenologie, Dienstleistungszentrum Laendlicher Raum RheinpfalzNeustadt, Germany
- Fachbereich 1, Life Sciences and Engineering, Fachhochschule BingenBingen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Centre for Organismal Studies Heidelberg, University of HeidelbergHeidelberg, Germany
| | - Sara Amâncio
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Sara Amâncio, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal e-mail:
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Laureano-Marín AM, García I, Romero LC, Gotor C. Assessing the transcriptional regulation of L-cysteine desulfhydrase 1 in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:683. [PMID: 25538717 PMCID: PMC4255504 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide is an important signaling molecule that functions as a physiological gasotransmitter of comparable importance to NO and CO in mammalian systems. In plants, numerous studies have shown that sulfide increases tolerance/resistance to stress conditions and regulates essential processes. The endogenous production of hydrogen sulfide in the cytosol of Arabidopsis thaliana occurs by the enzymatic desulfuration of L-cysteine, which is catalyzed by the L-cysteine desulfhydrase enzyme DES1. To define the functional role of DES1 and the role that the sulfide molecule may play in the regulation of physiological processes in plants, we studied the localization of the expression of this gene at the tissue level. Transcriptional data reveal that DES1 is expressed at all developmental stages and is more abundant at the seedling stage and in mature plants. At the tissue level, we analyzed the expression of a GFP reporter gene fused to promoter of DES1. The GFP fluorescent signal was detected in the cytosol of both epidermal and mesophyll cells, including the guard cells. GFP fluorescence was highly abundant around the hydathode pores and inside the trichomes. In mature plants, fluorescence was detected in floral tissues; a strong GFP signal was detected in sepals, petals, and pistils. When siliques were examined, the highest GFP fluorescence was observed at the bases of the siliques and the seeds. The location of GFP expression, together with the identification of regulatory elements within the DES1 promoter, suggests that DES1 is hormonally regulated. An increase in DES1 expression in response to ABA was recently demonstrated; in the present work, we observe that in vitro auxin treatment significantly repressed the expression of DES1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cecilia Gotor
- *Correspondence: Cecilia Gotor, Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y Fotosíntesis, Avenida Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain e-mail:
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