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Pei M, Xie X, Peng B, Chen X, Chen Y, Li Y, Wang Z, Lu G. Identification and Expression Analysis of Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Proteins Genes in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112122. [PMID: 37299101 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The family of phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPs) is able to bind specific lipids to carry out various biological functions throughout different stages of plant life. But the function of PITPs in rice plant is unclear. In this study, 30 PITPs were identified from rice genome, which showed differences in physicochemical properties, gene structure, conservation domains, and subcellular localization. The promoter region of the OsPITPs genes included at least one type of hormone response element, such as methyl jasmonate (Me JA) and salicylic acid (SA). Furthermore, the expression level of OsML-1, OsSEC14-3, OsSEC14-4, OsSEC14-15, and OsSEC14-19 genes were significantly affected by infection of rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Based on these findings, it is possible that OsPITPs may be involved in rice innate immunity in response to M. oryzae infection through the Me JA and SA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xuze Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Baoyi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinchi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yixuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Guodong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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2
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Montag K, Ivanov R, Bauer P. Role of SEC14-like phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins in membrane identity and dynamics. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1181031. [PMID: 37255567 PMCID: PMC10225987 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1181031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Membrane identity and dynamic processes, that act at membrane sites, provide important cues for regulating transport, signal transduction and communication across membranes. There are still numerous open questions as to how membrane identity changes and the dynamic processes acting at the surface of membranes are regulated in diverse eukaryotes in particular plants and which roles are being played by protein interaction complexes composed of peripheral and integral membrane proteins. One class of peripheral membrane proteins conserved across eukaryotes comprises the SEC14-like phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (SEC14L-PITPs). These proteins share a SEC14 domain that contributes to membrane identity and fulfills regulatory functions in membrane trafficking by its ability to sense, bind, transport and exchange lipophilic substances between membranes, such as phosphoinositides and diverse other lipophilic substances. SEC14L-PITPs can occur as single-domain SEC14-only proteins in all investigated organisms or with a modular domain structure as multi-domain proteins in animals and streptophytes (comprising charales and land plants). Here, we present an overview on the functional roles of SEC14L-PITPs, with a special focus on the multi-domain SEC14L-PITPs of the SEC14-nodulin and SEC14-GOLD group (PATELLINs, PATLs in plants). This indicates that SEC14L-PITPs play diverse roles from membrane trafficking to organism fitness in plants. We concentrate on the structure of SEC14L-PITPs, their ability to not only bind phospholipids but also other lipophilic ligands, and their ability to regulate complex cellular responses through interacting with proteins at membrane sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Montag
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rumen Ivanov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Center of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Germany
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3
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Yang M, Sakruaba Y, Ishikawa T, Ohtsuki N, Kawai-Yamada M, Yanagisawa S. Chloroplastic Sec14-like proteins modulate growth and phosphate deficiency responses in Arabidopsis and rice. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023:kiad212. [PMID: 37021761 PMCID: PMC10400038 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential nutrient acquired from soil as phosphate (Pi), and its deficiency severely reduces plant growth and crop yield. Here, we show that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL TRANSFER PROTEIN7 (AtPITP7) locus, which encodes a chloroplastic Sec14-like protein, are associated with genetic diversity regarding Pi uptake activity in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Inactivation of AtPITP7 and its rice (Oryza sativa) homolog (OsPITP6) through T-DNA insertion and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, respectively, decreased Pi uptake and plant growth, regardless of Pi availability. By contrast, overexpression of AtPITP7 and OsPITP6 enhanced Pi uptake and plant growth, especially under limited Pi supply. Importantly, overexpression of OsPITP6 increased tiller number and grain yield in rice. Targeted metabolome analysis of glycerolipids in leaves and chloroplasts revealed that inactivation of OsPITP6 alters phospholipid contents, independent of Pi availability, diminishing the reduction in phospholipid content and increase in glycolipid content induced by Pi deficiency; meanwhile, overexpression of OsPITP6 enhanced Pi deficiency induced metabolic alterations. Together with transcriptome analysis of ospitp6 rice plants and phenotypic analysis of grafted Arabidopsis chimeras, these results suggest that chloroplastic Sec14-like proteins play an essential role in growth modulations in response to changes in Pi availability, although their function is critical for plant growth under any Pi condition. The superior traits of OsPITP6-overexpressing rice plants also highlight the potential of OsPITP6 and its homologs in other crops as additional tools for improving Pi uptake and plant growth in low Pi environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailun Yang
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Sakruaba
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Toshiki Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Namie Ohtsuki
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Maki Kawai-Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yanagisawa
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Liu B, Liu K, Chen X, Xiao D, Wang T, Yang Y, Shuai H, Wu S, Yuan L, Chen L. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Interaction of Sugar and Hormone Metabolism Involved in the Root Hair Morphogenesis of the Endangered Fir Abies beshanzuensis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:276. [PMID: 36678989 PMCID: PMC9862426 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Abies beshanzuensis, an extremely rare and critically endangered plant with only three wild adult trees globally, is strongly mycorrhizal-dependent, leading to difficulties in protection and artificial breeding without symbiosis. Root hair morphogenesis plays an important role in the survival of mycorrhizal symbionts. Due to the lack of an effective genome and transcriptome of A. beshanzuensis, the molecular signals involved in the root hair development remain unknown, which hinders its endangered mechanism analysis and protection. Herein, transcriptomes of radicles with root hair (RH1) and without root hair (RH0) from A. beshanzuensis in vitro plantlets were primarily established. Functional annotation and differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis showed that the two phenotypes have highly differentially expressed gene clusters. Transcriptome divergence identified hormone and sugar signaling primarily involved in root hair morphogenesis of A. beshanzuensis. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) coupled with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) found that two hormone-sucrose-root hair modules were linked by IAA17, and SUS was positioned in the center of the regulation network, co-expressed with SRK2E in hormone transduction and key genes related to root hair morphogenesis. Our results contribute to better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of root hair development and offer new insights into deciphering the survival mechanism of A. beshanzuensis and other endangered species, utilizing root hair as a compensatory strategy instead of poor mycorrhizal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaorong Chen
- Qingyuan Conservation Center of Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, Qingyuan 323800, China
| | - Duohong Xiao
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingjin Wang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui Shuai
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sumei Wu
- Qingyuan Conservation Center of Qianjiangyuan-Baishanzu National Park, Qingyuan 323800, China
| | - Lu Yuan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Cervantes-Pérez SA, Thibivilliers S, Laffont C, Farmer AD, Frugier F, Libault M. Cell-specific pathways recruited for symbiotic nodulation in the Medicago truncatula legume. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:1868-1888. [PMID: 36321199 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Medicago truncatula is a model legume species that has been studied for decades to understand the symbiotic relationship between legumes and soil bacteria collectively named rhizobia. This symbiosis called nodulation is initiated in roots with the infection of root hair cells by the bacteria, as well as the initiation of nodule primordia from root cortical, endodermal, and pericycle cells, leading to the development of a new root organ, the nodule, where bacteria fix and assimilate the atmospheric dinitrogen for the benefit of the plant. Here, we report the isolation and use of the nuclei from mock and rhizobia-inoculated roots for the single nuclei RNA-seq (sNucRNA-seq) profiling to gain a deeper understanding of early responses to rhizobial infection in Medicago roots. A gene expression map of the Medicago root was generated, comprising 25 clusters, which were annotated as specific cell types using 119 Medicago marker genes and orthologs to Arabidopsis cell-type marker genes. A focus on root hair, cortex, endodermis, and pericycle cell types, showing the strongest differential regulation in response to a short-term (48 h) rhizobium inoculation, revealed not only known genes and functional pathways, validating the sNucRNA-seq approach, but also numerous novel genes and pathways, allowing a comprehensive analysis of early root symbiotic responses at a cell type-specific level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Alan Cervantes-Pérez
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA
| | - Sandra Thibivilliers
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA; Single Cell Genomics Core Facility, Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Carole Laffont
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris-Cité, Université d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Andrew D Farmer
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA
| | - Florian Frugier
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, Université Paris-Cité, Université d'Evry, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marc Libault
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA; Single Cell Genomics Core Facility, Center for Biotechnology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
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6
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Kim E, Poudyal RS, Lee K, Yu H, Gi E, Kim HU. Chloroplast-localized PITP7 is essential for plant growth and photosynthetic function in Arabidopsis. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13760. [PMID: 36004734 PMCID: PMC9546280 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies of chloroplast-localized Sec14-like protein (CPSFL1, also known as phosphatidylinositol transfer protein 7, PITP7) showed that CPSFL1 is necessary for photoautotropic growth and chloroplast vesicle formation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Here, we investigated the functional roles of CPSFL1/PITP7 using two A. thaliana mutants carrying a putative null allele (pitp7-1) and a weak allele (pitp7-2), respectively. PITP7 transcripts were undetectable in pitp7-1 and less abundant in pitp7-2 than in the wild-type (WT). The severity of mutant phenotypes, such as plant developmental abnormalities, levels of plastoquinone-9 (PQ-9) and chlorophylls, photosynthetic protein complexes, and photosynthetic performance, were well related to PITP7 transcript levels. The pitp7-1 mutation was seedling lethal and was associated with significantly lower levels of PQ-9 and major photosynthetic proteins. pitp7-2 plants showed greater susceptibility to high-intensity light stress than the WT, attributable to defects in nonphotochemical quenching and photosynthetic electron transport. PITP7 is specifically bound to phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PIPs) in lipid-binding assays in vitro, and the point mutations R82, H125, E162, or K233 reduced the binding affinity of PITP7 to PIPs. Further, constitutive expression of PITP7H125Q or PITP7E162K in pitp7-1 homozygous plants restored autotrophic growth in soil but without fully complementing the mutant phenotypes. Consistent with a previous study, our results demonstrate that PITP7 is essential for plant development, particularly the accumulation of PQ-9 and photosynthetic complexes. We propose a possible role for PITP7 in membrane trafficking of hydrophobic ligands such as PQ-9 and carotenoids through chloroplast vesicle formation or direct binding involving PIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun‐Ha Kim
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyNational Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development AdministrationJeonjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Roshan Sharma Poudyal
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyNational Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development AdministrationJeonjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Kyeong‐Ryeol Lee
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyNational Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development AdministrationJeonjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Hami Yu
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyNational Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development AdministrationJeonjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Eunji Gi
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyNational Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development AdministrationJeonjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyun Uk Kim
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource EngineeringPlant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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Zhang M, Zhong X, Li M, Yang X, Abou Elwafa SF, Albaqami M, Tian H. Genome-wide analyses of the Nodulin-like gene family in bread wheat revealed its potential roles during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 201:424-436. [PMID: 35041884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nodulin-like (NL) genes are involved in transporting of various substances and may play key roles during the establishment of symbiosis in legumes plants. However, basic biological information of NL genes in the wheat genome is still largely unknown. Here, we identified and characterized NL genes in wheat via integrating genomic information, collinearity analysis, co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and transcriptome analysis. In addition, we analyzed the polymorphisms and the roles of NL genes during arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis using a large wheat panel consists of 259 wheat genotypes. We identified 181 NL genes in the wheat genome, which were classified into SWEET, Early Nodulin-Like (ENODL), Major Facilitator Superfamily-Nodulin (MFS), Vacuolar Iron Transporter (VIT) and Early nodulin 93 (ENOD93) subfamily. The expansion of NL genes was mainly driven by segmental duplication. The bHLH genes are potential unrecognized transcription factors regulating NL genes. Moreover, two NL genes were more sensitive than other NL genes to AM colonization. The polymorphisms of NL genes are mainly due to random drift, and the natural mutation of NL genes led to significant differences in the mycorrhizal dependence of wheat in phosphorus uptake. The results concluded that NL genes potentially play important roles during AM symbiosis with wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mengjiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiuming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Salah F Abou Elwafa
- Agronomy department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, 71526 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Albaqami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hui Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Ko DK, Brandizzi F. Advanced genomics identifies growth effectors for proteotoxic ER stress recovery in Arabidopsis thaliana. Commun Biol 2022; 5:16. [PMID: 35017639 PMCID: PMC8752741 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse environmental and pathophysiological situations can overwhelm the biosynthetic capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), igniting a potentially lethal condition known as ER stress. ER stress hampers growth and triggers a conserved cytoprotective signaling cascade, the unfolded protein response (UPR) for ER homeostasis. As ER stress subsides, growth is resumed. Despite the pivotal role of the UPR in growth restoration, the underlying mechanisms for growth resumption are yet unknown. To discover these, we undertook a genomics approach in the model plant species Arabidopsis thaliana and mined the gene reprogramming roles of the UPR modulators, basic leucine zipper28 (bZIP28) and bZIP60, in ER stress resolution. Through a network modeling and experimental validation, we identified key genes downstream of the UPR bZIP-transcription factors (bZIP-TFs), and demonstrated their functional roles. Our analyses have set up a critical pipeline for functional gene discovery in ER stress resolution with broad applicability across multicellular eukaryotes. Ko and Brandizzi use Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate the downstream regulators of two major endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related transcription factors, bZIP60 and bZIP28. Their results provide further insight on how two modulators of the unfolded protein response contribute to growth recovery from ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Kwan Ko
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Federica Brandizzi
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Lab, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. .,Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. .,Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Mapar M, Chopra D, Stephan L, Schrader A, Sun H, Schneeberger K, Albani M, Coupland G, Hülskamp M. Genetic and Molecular Analysis of Root Hair Development in Arabis alpina. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:767772. [PMID: 34721494 PMCID: PMC8554057 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.767772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Root hair formation in Arabidopsis thaliana is a well-established model system for epidermal patterning and morphogenesis in plants. Over the last decades, many underlying regulatory genes and well-established networks have been identified by thorough genetic and molecular analysis. In this study, we used a forward genetic approach to identify genes involved in root hair development in Arabis alpina, a related crucifer species that diverged from A. thaliana approximately 26-40 million years ago. We found all root hair mutant classes known in A. thaliana and identified orthologous regulatory genes by whole-genome or candidate gene sequencing. Our findings indicate that the gene-phenotype relationships regulating root hair development are largely conserved between A. thaliana and A. alpina. Concordantly, a detailed analysis of one mutant with multiple hairs originating from one cell suggested that a mutation in the SUPERCENTIPEDE1 (SCN1) gene is causal for the phenotype and that AaSCN1 is fully functional in A. thaliana. Interestingly, we also found differences in the regulation of root hair differentiation and morphogenesis between the species, and a subset of root hair mutants could not be explained by mutations in orthologs of known genes from A. thaliana. This analysis provides insight into the conservation and divergence of root hair regulation in the Brassicaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mapar
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Divykriti Chopra
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Stephan
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Schrader
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hequan Sun
- Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Maria Albani
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - George Coupland
- Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hülskamp
- Botanical Institute, Biocenter, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
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Dittmer S, Kleine T, Schwenkert S. The TPR- and J-domain-containing proteins DJC31 and DJC62 are involved in abiotic stress responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:272451. [PMID: 34515300 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones play an important role during the response to different stresses. Since plants are sessile organisms, they need to be able to adapt quickly to different conditions. To do so, plants possess a complex chaperone machinery, composed of HSP70, HSP90, J proteins and other factors. In this study we characterized DJC31 (also known as TPR16) and DJC62 (also known as TPR15) of Arabidopsis thaliana, two J proteins that additionally carry clamp-type tetratricopeptide repeat domains. Using cell fractionation and split GFP, we could show that both proteins are attached to the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Moreover, an interaction with cytosolic HSP70.1 and HSP90.2 could be shown using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Knockout of both DJC31 and DJC62 caused severe defects in growth and development, which affected almost all organs. Furthermore, it could be shown that the double mutant is more sensitive to osmotic stress and treatment with abscisic acid, but surprisingly exhibited enhanced tolerance to drought. Taken together, these findings indicate that DJC31 and DJC62 might act as important regulators of chaperone-dependent signaling pathways involved in plant development and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dittmer
- Department Biologie I, Botanik , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Großhaderner Strasse. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Tatjana Kleine
- Department Biologie I, Botanik , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Großhaderner Strasse. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Serena Schwenkert
- Department Biologie I, Botanik , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Großhaderner Strasse. 2-4, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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11
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Farmer A, Thibivilliers S, Ryu KH, Schiefelbein J, Libault M. Single-nucleus RNA and ATAC sequencing reveals the impact of chromatin accessibility on gene expression in Arabidopsis roots at the single-cell level. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:372-383. [PMID: 33422696 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Similar to other complex organisms, plants consist of diverse and specialized cell types. The gain of unique biological functions of these different cell types is the consequence of the establishment of cell-type-specific transcriptional programs. As a necessary step in gaining a deeper understanding of the regulatory mechanisms controlling plant gene expression, we report the use of single-nucleus RNA sequencing (sNucRNA-seq) and single-nucleus assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing (sNucATAC-seq) technologies on Arabidopsis roots. The comparison of our single-nucleus transcriptomes to the published protoplast transcriptomes validated the use of nuclei as biological entities to establish plant cell-type-specific transcriptomes. Furthermore, our sNucRNA-seq results uncovered the transcriptomes of additional cell subtypes not identified by single-cell RNA-seq. Similar to our transcriptomic approach, the sNucATAC-seq approach led to the distribution of the Arabidopsis nuclei into distinct clusters, suggesting the differential accessibility of chromatin between groups of cells according to their identity. To reveal the impact of chromatin accessibility on gene expression, we integrated sNucRNA-seq and sNucATAC-seq data and demonstrated that cell-type-specific marker genes display cell-type-specific patterns of chromatin accessibility. Our data suggest that the differential chromatin accessibility is a critical mechanism to regulate gene activity at the cell-type level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Farmer
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA
| | - Sandra Thibivilliers
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA
| | - Kook Hui Ryu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John Schiefelbein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marc Libault
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Beadle Center, Lincoln, NE 68503, USA.
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12
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Eldridge BM, Larson ER, Weldon L, Smyth KM, Sellin AN, Chenchiah IV, Liverpool TB, Grierson CS. A Centrifuge-Based Method for Identifying Novel Genetic Traits That Affect Root-Substrate Adhesion in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:602486. [PMID: 33732271 PMCID: PMC7959780 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.602486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The physical presence of roots and the compounds they release affect the cohesion between roots and their environment. However, the plant traits that are important for these interactions are unknown and most methods that quantify the contributions of these traits are time-intensive and require specialist equipment and complex substrates. Our lab developed an inexpensive, high-throughput phenotyping assay that quantifies root-substrate adhesion in Arabidopsis thaliana. We now report that this method has high sensitivity and versatility for identifying different types of traits affecting root-substrate adhesion including root hair morphology, vesicle trafficking pathways, and root exudate composition. We describe a practical protocol for conducting this assay and introduce its use in a forward genetic screen to identify novel genes affecting root-substrate interactions. This assay is a powerful tool for identifying and quantifying genetic contributions to cohesion between roots and their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany M. Eldridge
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Emily R. Larson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Weldon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin M. Smyth
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Annabelle N. Sellin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Claire S. Grierson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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13
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Champeyroux C, Stoof C, Rodriguez-Villalon A. Signaling phospholipids in plant development: small couriers determining cell fate. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 57:61-71. [PMID: 32771964 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The survival of plants hinges on their ability to perceive various environmental stimuli and translate them into appropriate biochemical responses. Phospholipids, a class of membrane lipid compounds that are asymmetrically distributed within plant cells, stand out among signal transmitters for their diversity of mechanisms by which they modulate stress and developmental processes. By modifying the chemo-physical properties of the plasma membrane (PM) as well as vesicle trafficking, phospholipids contribute to changes in the protein membrane landscape, and hence, signaling responses. In this article, we review the distinct signaling mechanisms phospholipids are involved in, with a special focus on the nuclear role of these compounds. Additionally, we summarize exemplary developmental processes greatly influenced by phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Champeyroux
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Stoof
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antia Rodriguez-Villalon
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Heterologous Expression of Nitrate Assimilation Related-Protein DsNAR2.1/NRT3.1 Affects Uptake of Nitrate and Ammonium in Nitrogen-Starved Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114027. [PMID: 32512879 PMCID: PMC7312895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth. Plants absorb and utilize N mainly in the form of nitrate (NO3-) or ammonium (NH4+). In this study, the nitrate transporter DsNRT3.1 (also known as the nitrate assimilation-related protein DsNAR2.1) was characterized from Dianthus spiculifolius. A quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that the DsNRT3.1 expression was induced by NO3-. Under N-starvation conditions, the transformed Arabidopsis seedlings expressing DsNRT3.1 had longer roots and a greater fresh weight than the wild type. Subcellular localization showed that DsNRT3.1 was mainly localized to the plasma membrane in Arabidopsis root hair cells. Non-invasive micro-test (NMT) monitoring showed that the root hairs of N-starved transformed Arabidopsis seedlings had a stronger NO3- and NH4+ influx than the wild-type seedlings, using with NO3- or NH4+ as the sole N source; contrastingly, transformed seedlings only had a stronger NO3- influx when NO3- and NH4+ were present simultaneously. In addition, the qPCR analysis showed that the expression of AtNRT2 genes (AtNRT2.1-2.6), and particularly of AtNRT2.5, in the transformed Arabidopsis differed from that in the wild type. Overall, our results suggest that the heterologous expression of DsNRT3.1 affects seedlings' growth by enhancing the NO3- and NH4+ uptake in N-starved Arabidopsis. This may be related to the differential expression of AtNRT2 genes.
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15
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Zhou X, Xiang Y, Li C, Yu G. Modulatory Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Root Development in Model Plant of Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:485932. [PMID: 33042167 PMCID: PMC7525048 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.485932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a type of oxygen monoelectronic reduction product, have a higher chemical activity than O2. Although ROS pose potential risks to all organisms via inducing oxidative stress, indispensable role of ROS in individual development cannot be ignored. Among them, the role of ROS in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana is deeply studied. Mounting evidence suggests that ROS are essential for root and root hair development. In the present review, we provide an updated perspective on the latest research progress pertaining to the role of ROS in the precise regulation of root stem cell maintenance and differentiation, redox regulation of the cell cycle, and root hair initiation during root growth. Among the different types of ROS, O2 •- and H2O2 have been extensively investigated, and they exhibit different gradient distributions in the roots. The concentration of O2 •- decreases along a gradient from the meristem to the transition zone and the concentration of H2O2 decreases along a gradient from the differentiation zone to the elongation zone. These gradients are regulated by peroxidases, which are modulated by the UPBEAT1 (UPB1) transcription factor. In addition, multiple transcriptional factors, such as APP1, ABO8, PHB3, and RITF1, which are involved in the brassinolide signaling pathway, converge as a ROS signal to regulate root stem cell maintenance. Furthermore, superoxide anions (O2 •-) are generated from the oxidation in mitochondria, ROS produced during plasmid metabolism, H2O2 produced in apoplasts, and catalysis of respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH) in the cell membrane. Furthermore, ROS can act as a signal to regulate redox status, which regulates the expression of the cell-cycle components CYC2;3, CYCB1;1, and retinoblastoma-related protein, thereby controlling the cell-cycle progression. In the root maturation zone, the epidermal cells located in the H cell position emerge to form hair cells, and plant hormones, such as auxin and ethylene regulate root hair formation via ROS. Furthermore, ROS accumulation can influence hormone signal transduction and vice versa. Data about the association between nutrient stress and ROS signals in root hair development are scarce. However, the fact that ROBHC/RHD2 or RHD6 is specifically expressed in root hair cells and induced by nutrients, may explain the relationship. Future studies should focus on the regulatory mechanisms underlying root hair development via the interactions of ROS with hormone signals and nutrient components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guanghui Yu
- *Correspondence: Guanghui Yu, ; orcid.org/0000-0002-3174-1878
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16
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Hua-Ying M, Wen-Ju W, Wei-Hua S, Ya-Chun S, Feng L, Cong-Na L, Ling W, Xu Z, Li-Ping X, You-Xiong Q. Genome-wide identification, phylogeny, and expression analysis of Sec14-like PITP gene family in sugarcane. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:637-655. [PMID: 30747272 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02394-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Six Sec14-like PITP genes from sugarcane were identified, two of them were cloned, and their biological functions were characterized indicating their involvement in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. Sec14, a phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PITP) is widely present in eukaryotes. In this study, the structure and expression patterns of six Sec14-like PITP genes (ScSEC14-1, ScSEC14p, ScSFH1, ScSFH2, ScPATL1, and ScPATL2) from sugarcane were analyzed, and two of them (ScSEC14-1 and ScSEC14p) were cloned and functionally verified. Phylogenetic analysis divided these genes into four groups, including group I (ScSFH1 and ScSFH2), group II (ScPATL1 and ScPATL2), Group III (ScSEC14p), and group V (ScSEC14-1). qRT-PCR analysis showed tissue-specific expression of these genes, primarily in the root, leaf, and bud tissues. They responded differently to SA, MeJA, and ABA stresses. ScSEC14-1, ScSEC14p, and ScSFH2 were upregulated by CuCl2 and CdCl2, while ScSEC14-1, ScSFH1, ScSFH2, and ScPATL1 were upregulated by PEG and NaCl. When infected by Sporisorium scitamineum, the transcripts of ScSFH1, ScSFH2, ScPATL1, and ScPATL2 were upregulated in the resistant genotype Yacheng 05-179, while those of ScSEC14-1 and ScSEC14p were upregulated in the susceptible genotype ROC22. Subcellular localization showed that ScSEC14-1 and ScSEC14p were mainly localized in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm. Enhanced growth of Escherichia coli BL21 cells expressing ScSEC14-1 and ScSEC14p showed high tolerance to NaCl and mannitol stresses. The transient overexpression of ScSEC14-1 and ScSEC14p in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves enhanced its resistance to the infection of tobacco pathogens Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium solani var. coeruleum. We can conclude the involvement of ScSEC14-1 and ScSEC14p in the defense against biotic and abiotic stresses, which should facilitate further research on Sec14-like PITP gene family, especially its regulatory mechanisms in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Hua-Ying
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wang Wen-Ju
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Su Wei-Hua
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Su Ya-Chun
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Li Cong-Na
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wang Ling
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xu Li-Ping
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Que You-Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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17
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Shibata M, Breuer C, Kawamura A, Clark NM, Rymen B, Braidwood L, Morohashi K, Busch W, Benfey PN, Sozzani R, Sugimoto K. GTL1 and DF1 regulate root hair growth through transcriptional repression of ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6-LIKE 4 in Arabidopsis. Development 2018; 145:145/3/dev159707. [PMID: 29439132 PMCID: PMC5818008 DOI: 10.1242/dev.159707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
How plants determine the final size of growing cells is an important, yet unresolved, issue. Root hairs provide an excellent model system with which to study this as their final cell size is remarkably constant under constant environmental conditions. Previous studies have demonstrated that a basic helix-loop helix transcription factor ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6-LIKE 4 (RSL4) promotes root hair growth, but how hair growth is terminated is not known. In this study, we demonstrate that a trihelix transcription factor GT-2-LIKE1 (GTL1) and its homolog DF1 repress root hair growth in Arabidopsis. Our transcriptional data, combined with genome-wide chromatin-binding data, show that GTL1 and DF1 directly bind the RSL4 promoter and regulate its expression to repress root hair growth. Our data further show that GTL1 and RSL4 regulate each other, as well as a set of common downstream genes, many of which have previously been implicated in root hair growth. This study therefore uncovers a core regulatory module that fine-tunes the extent of root hair growth by the orchestrated actions of opposing transcription factors. Summary:Arabidopsis gtl1 df1 double mutants and tissue-specific overexpression of GTL1 and DF1 demonstrate that both GTL1 and DF1 negatively regulate root hair growth by directly repressing RSL4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michitaro Shibata
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Christian Breuer
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ayako Kawamura
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Natalie M Clark
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27708, USA.,Biomathematics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Bart Rymen
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Luke Braidwood
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kengo Morohashi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philip N Benfey
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27695, USA
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27708, USA.,Biomathematics Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Keiko Sugimoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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18
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Tejos R, Rodriguez-Furlán C, Adamowski M, Sauer M, Norambuena L, Friml J. PATELLINS are regulators of auxin-mediated PIN1 relocation and plant development in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.204198. [PMID: 28687624 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.204198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated cell polarization in developing tissues is a recurrent theme in multicellular organisms. In plants, a directional distribution of the plant hormone auxin is at the core of many developmental programs. A feedback regulation of auxin on the polarized localization of PIN auxin transporters in individual cells has been proposed as a self-organizing mechanism for coordinated tissue polarization, but the molecular mechanisms linking auxin signalling to PIN-dependent auxin transport remain unknown. We used a microarray-based approach to find regulators of the auxin-induced PIN relocation in Arabidopsis thaliana root, and identified a subset of a family of phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPs), the PATELLINs (PATLs). Here, we show that PATLs are expressed in partially overlapping cell types in different tissues going through mitosis or initiating differentiation programs. PATLs are plasma membrane-associated proteins accumulated in Arabidopsis embryos, primary roots, lateral root primordia and developing stomata. Higher order patl mutants display reduced PIN1 repolarization in response to auxin, shorter root apical meristem, and drastic defects in embryo and seedling development. This suggests that PATLs play a redundant and crucial role in polarity and patterning in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Tejos
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, 111093 Iquique, Chile
| | - Cecilia Rodriguez-Furlán
- Plant Molecular Biology Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, 7800024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Maciej Adamowski
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Michael Sauer
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lorena Norambuena
- Plant Molecular Biology Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, 7800024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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19
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Kf de Campos M, Schaaf G. The regulation of cell polarity by lipid transfer proteins of the SEC14 family. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 40:158-168. [PMID: 29017091 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
SEC14 lipid transfer proteins are important regulators of phospholipid metabolism. Structural, genetic and cell biological studies in yeast suggest that they help phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns)/phosphoinositide (PIP) kinases to overcome their intrinsic inefficiency to recognize membrane-embedded substrate, thereby playing a key role in PIP homeostasis. Genomes of higher plants encode a high number and diversity of SEC14 proteins, often in combination with other domains. The Arabidopsis SEC14-Nlj16 protein AtSFH1, an important regulator of root hair development, plays an important role in the establishment of PIP microdomains. Key to this mechanism is a highly specific interaction of the Nlj16 domain with PtdIns(4,5)P2 and an interaction-triggered oligomerization of the protein. Nlj16/PtdIns(4,5)P2 interaction depends on a polybasic motif similar to those identified in other regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Kf de Campos
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Strasse 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Gabriel Schaaf
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Strasse 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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20
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Liu S, Gao J, Chen Z, Qiao X, Huang H, Cui B, Zhu Q, Dai Z, Wu H, Pan Y, Yang C, Liu J. Comparative proteomics reveals the physiological differences between winter tender shoots and spring tender shoots of a novel tea (Camellia sinensis L.) cultivar evergrowing in winter. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:206. [PMID: 29157222 PMCID: PMC5697017 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recently discovered tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] cultivar can generate tender shoots in winter. We performed comparative proteomics to analyze the differentially accumulated proteins between winter and spring tender shoots of this clonal cultivar to reveal the physiological basis of its evergrowing character during winter. RESULTS We extracted proteins from the winter and spring tender shoots (newly formed two leaves and a bud) of the evergrowing tea cultivar "Dongcha11" respectively. Thirty-three differentially accumulated high-confidence proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF / TOF MS). Among these, 24 proteins had increased abundance while nine showed were decreased abundance in winter tender shoots as compared with the spring tender shoots. We categorized the differentially accumulated proteins into eight critical biological processes based on protein function annotation including photosynthesis, cell structure, protein synthesis & destination, transporters, metabolism of sugars and polysaccharides, secondary metabolism, disease/defense and proteins with unknown functions. Proteins with increased abundance in winter tender shoots were mainly related to the processes of photosynthesis, cytoskeleton and protein synthesis, whereas those with decreased abundance were correlated to metabolism and the secondary metabolism of polyphenolic flavonoids. Biochemical analysis showed that the total contents of soluble sugar and amino acid were higher in winter tender shoots while tea polyphenols were lower as compared with spring tender shoots. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that the simultaneous increase in the abundance of photosynthesis-related proteins rubisco, plastocyanin, and ATP synthase delta chain, metabolism-related proteins eIF4 and protease subunits, and the cytoskeleton-structure associated proteins phosphatidylinositol transfer protein and profilin may be because of the adaptation of the evergrowing tea cultivar "Dongcha11" to low temperature and light conditions. Histone H4, Histone H2A.1, putative In2.1 protein and protein lin-28 homologs may also regulate the development of winter shoots and their response to adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Liu
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
- Guangdong Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631 China
| | - Jiadong Gao
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Xiaoyan Qiao
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Hualin Huang
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Baiyuan Cui
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Qingfeng Zhu
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Zhangyan Dai
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Hualing Wu
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Yayan Pan
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Chengwei Yang
- Guangdong Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631 China
| | - Jun Liu
- Agro-biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
- Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640 China
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21
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Maniga A, Ghisaura S, Perrotta L, Marche MG, Cella R, Albani D. Distinctive features and differential regulation of the DRTS genes of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179338. [PMID: 28594957 PMCID: PMC5464667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In plants and protists, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and thymidylate synthase (TS) are part of a bifunctional enzyme (DRTS) that allows efficient recycling of the dihydrofolate resulting from TS activity. Arabidopsis thaliana possesses three DRTS genes, called AtDRTS1, AtDRTS2 and AtDRTS3, that are located downstream of three members of the sec14-like SFH gene family. In this study, a characterization of the AtDRTS genes identified alternatively spliced transcripts coding for AtDRTS isoforms which may account for monofunctional DHFR enzymes supporting pathways unrelated to DNA synthesis. Moreover, we discovered a complex differential regulation of the AtDRTS genes that confirms the expected involvement of the AtDRTS genes in cell proliferation and endoreduplication, but indicates also functions related to other cellular activities. AtDRTS1 is widely expressed in both meristematic and differentiated tissues, whereas AtDRTS2 expression is almost exclusively limited to the apical meristems and AtDRTS3 is preferentially expressed in the shoot apex, in stipules and in root cap cells. The differential regulation of the AtDRTS genes is associated to distinctive promoter architectures and the expression of AtDRTS1 in the apical meristems is strictly dependent on the presence of an intragenic region that includes the second intron of the gene. Upon activation of cell proliferation in germinating seeds, the activity of the AtDRTS1 and AtDRTS2 promoters in meristematic cells appears to be maximal at the G1/S phase of the cell cycle. In addition, the promoters of AtDRTS2 and AtDRTS3 are negatively regulated through E2F cis-acting elements and both genes, but not AtDRTS1, are downregulated in plants overexpressing the AtE2Fa factor. Our study provides new information concerning the function and the regulation of plant DRTS genes and opens the way to further investigations addressing the importance of folate synthesis with respect to specific cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Maniga
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefania Ghisaura
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Lara Perrotta
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Department of Science for Nature and Environmental Resources, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Rino Cella
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Diego Albani
- Department of Agriculture, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Center of Excellence for Biotechnology Development and Biodiversity Research, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- * E-mail:
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22
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Yoo CM, Naramoto S, Sparks JA, Khan BR, Nakashima J, Fukuda H, Blancaflor EB. Deletion analysis of AGD1 reveals domains crucial for its plasma membrane recruitment and function in root hair polarity. J Cell Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.203828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
AGD1, a plant ACAP-type ADP-ribosylation factor-GTPase activating protein (ARF-GAP), functions in specifying root hair polarity in Arabidopsis thaliana. To better understand how AGD1 modulates root hair growth, we generated full length and domain-deleted AGD1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) constructs, and followed their localization during root hair development. AGD1-GFP localized to the cytoplasm and was recruited to specific regions of the root hair plasma membrane (PM). Distinct PM AGD1-GFP signal was first detected along the site of root hair bulge formation. The construct continued to mark the PM at the root hair apical dome but only during periods of reduced growth. During rapid tip-growth, AGD1-GFP labeled the PM of the lateral flanks and dissipated from the apical-most PM. Deletion analysis and a single domain GFP fusion revealed that the pleckstrin homology (PH) domain is the minimal unit required for recruitment of AGD1 to the PM. Our results indicate that differential recruitment of AGD1 to specific PM domains is an essential component of the membrane trafficking machinery that facilitates root hair developmental phase transitions and responses to changes in the root microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Min Yoo
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
- Present address: Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 14625 CR 672, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA
| | - Satoshi Naramoto
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aobaku, Japan
| | - J. Alan Sparks
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Bibi Rafeiza Khan
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Jin Nakashima
- Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Hiroo Fukuda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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23
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Wang H, Lan P, Shen RF. Integration of transcriptomic and proteomic analysis towards understanding the systems biology of root hairs. Proteomics 2016; 16:877-93. [PMID: 26749523 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Plants and other multicellular organisms consist of many types of specialized cells. Systems-wide exploration of large-scale information from singe cell level is essential to understand how cell works. Root hairs, tubular-shaped outgrowths from root epidermal cells, play important roles in the acquisition of nutrients and water, in the interaction with microbe, and in plant anchorage, and represent an ideal model to study the biology of a single cell type. Single cell sampling combined with omics approaches has been applied to study plant root hairs. This review emphasizes the integration of omics approaches towards understanding the systems biology of root hairs, unraveling the common and plant species-specific properties of root hairs, as well as the concordance of protein and transcript abundance. Understanding plant root hair biology by mining the integrated omics data will provide a way to know how a single cell differentiates, elongates, and functions, which might help molecularly modify crops for developing sustainable agriculture practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ping Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, P. R. China
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24
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Zhang S, Huang L, Yan A, Liu Y, Liu B, Yu C, Zhang A, Schiefelbein J, Gan Y. Multiple phytohormones promote root hair elongation by regulating a similar set of genes in the root epidermis in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:6363-6372. [PMID: 27799284 PMCID: PMC5181580 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple phytohormones, including auxin, ethylene, and cytokinin, play vital roles in regulating cell development in the root epidermis. However, their interactions in specific root hair cell developmental stages are largely unexplored. To bridge this gap, we employed genetic and pharmacological approaches as well as transcriptional analysis in order to dissect their distinct and overlapping roles in root hair initiation and elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana Our results show that among auxin, ethylene, and cytokinin, only ethylene induces ectopic root hair cells in wild-type plants, implying a special role of ethylene in the hair initiation stage. In the subsequent elongation stage, however, auxin, ethylene, and cytokinin enhance root hair tip growth equally. Our data also suggest that the effect of cytokinin is independent from auxin and ethylene in this process. Exogenous cytokinin restores root hair elongation when the auxin and ethylene signal is defective, whereas auxin and ethylene also sustain elongation in the absence of the cytokinin signal. Notably, transcriptional analyses demonstrated that auxin, ethylene, and cytokinin regulate a similar set of root hair-specific genes. Together these analyses provide important clues regarding the mechanism of hormonal interactions and regulation in the formation of single-cell structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linli Huang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - An Yan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihua Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bohan Liu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aidong Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - John Schiefelbein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yinbo Gan
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Suzuki T, Matsushima C, Nishimura S, Higashiyama T, Sasabe M, Machida Y. Identification of Phosphoinositide-Binding Protein PATELLIN2 as a Substrate of Arabidopsis MPK4 MAP Kinase during Septum Formation in Cytokinesis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:1744-55. [PMID: 27335345 PMCID: PMC4970614 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The phosphorylation of proteins by protein kinases controls many cellular and physiological processes, which include intracellular signal transduction. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of such controls and numerous substrates of protein kinases remain to be characterized. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is of particular importance in a variety of extracellular and intracellular signaling processes. In plant cells, the progression of cytokinesis is an excellent example of an intracellular phenomenon that requires the MAPK cascade. However, the way in which MAPKs control downstream processes during cytokinesis in plant cells remains to be fully determined. We show here that comparisons, by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis, of phosphorylated proteins from wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana and mutant plants defective in a MAPK cascade allow identification of substrates of a specific MAPK. Using this method, we identified the PATELLIN2 (PATL2) protein, which has a SEC14 domain, as a substrate of MPK4 MAP kinase. PATL2 was concentrated at the cell division plane, as is MPK4, and had binding affinity for phosphoinositides. This binding affinity was altered after phosphorylation of PATL2 by MPK4, suggesting a role for the MAPK cascade in the formation of cell plates via regeneration of membranes during cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Suzuki
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan JST, ERATO, Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan Present address: College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501 Japan
| | - Chiyuki Matsushima
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Shingo Nishimura
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan JST, ERATO, Higashiyama Live-Holonics Project, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Michiko Sasabe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8561 Japan
| | - Yasunori Machida
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
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26
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Huang J, Ghosh R, Tripathi A, Lönnfors M, Somerharju P, Bankaitis VA. Two-ligand priming mechanism for potentiated phosphoinositide synthesis is an evolutionarily conserved feature of Sec14-like phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine exchange proteins. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:2317-30. [PMID: 27193303 PMCID: PMC4945147 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-04-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-ligand priming mechanism for stimulated phosphoinositide synthesis described for Saccharomyces Sec14 is also a conserved feature of Sec14-like phosphatidylinositol- and phosphatidylcholine-transfer proteins of the most evolutionarily advanced plants. Lipid signaling, particularly phosphoinositide signaling, plays a key role in regulating the extreme polarized membrane growth that drives root hair development in plants. The Arabidopsis AtSFH1 gene encodes a two-domain protein with an amino-terminal Sec14-like phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PITP) domain linked to a carboxy-terminal nodulin domain. AtSfh1 is critical for promoting the spatially highly organized phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate signaling program required for establishment and maintenance of polarized root hair growth. Here we demonstrate that, like the yeast Sec14, the AtSfh1 PITP domain requires both its phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns)- and phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho)-binding properties to stimulate PtdIns-4-phosphate [PtdIns(4)P] synthesis. Moreover, we show that both phospholipid-binding activities are essential for AtSfh1 activity in supporting polarized root hair growth. Finally, we report genetic and biochemical evidence that the two-ligand mechanism for potentiation of PtdIns 4-OH kinase activity is a broadly conserved feature of plant Sec14-nodulin proteins, and that this strategy appeared only late in plant evolution. Taken together, the data indicate that the PtdIns/PtdCho-exchange mechanism for stimulated PtdIns(4)P synthesis either arose independently during evolution in yeast and in higher plants, or a suitable genetic module was introduced to higher plants from a fungal source and subsequently exploited by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114
| | - Ratna Ghosh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114
| | - Ashutosh Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114
| | - Max Lönnfors
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114
| | - Pentti Somerharju
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vytas A Bankaitis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128 Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77840
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27
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Huang J, Ghosh R, Bankaitis VA. Sec14-like phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins and the biological landscape of phosphoinositide signaling in plants. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1352-1364. [PMID: 27038688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides and soluble inositol phosphates are essential components of a complex intracellular chemical code that regulates major aspects of lipid signaling in eukaryotes. These involvements span a broad array of biological outcomes and activities, and cells are faced with the problem of how to compartmentalize and organize these various signaling events into a coherent scheme. It is in the arena of how phosphoinositide signaling circuits are integrated and, and how phosphoinositide pools are functionally defined and channeled to privileged effectors, that phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) transfer proteins (PITPs) are emerging as critical players. As plant systems offer some unique advantages and opportunities for study of these proteins, we discuss herein our perspectives regarding the progress made in plant systems regarding PITP function. We also suggest interesting prospects that plant systems hold for interrogating how PITPs work, particularly in multi-domain contexts, to diversify the biological outcomes for phosphoinositide signaling. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Lipid Biology edited by Kent D. Chapman and Ivo Feussner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114 USA.
| | - Ratna Ghosh
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114 USA
| | - Vytas A Bankaitis
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M Health Sciences Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114 USA; Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-1114 USA; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-1114 USA.
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28
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Hwang Y, Lee H, Lee YS, Cho HT. Cell wall-associated ROOT HAIR SPECIFIC 10, a proline-rich receptor-like kinase, is a negative modulator of Arabidopsis root hair growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2007-22. [PMID: 26884603 PMCID: PMC4783376 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell growth is restricted by the cell wall, and cell wall dynamics act as signals for the cytoplasmic and nuclear events of cell growth. Among various receptor kinases, ROOT HAIR SPECIFIC 10 (RHS10) belongs to a poorly known receptor kinase subfamily with a proline-rich extracellular domain. Here, we report that RHS10 defines the root hair length of Arabidopsis thaliana by negatively regulating hair growth. RHS10 modulates the duration of root hair growth rather than the growth rate. As poplar and rice RHS10 orthologs also showed a root hair-inhibitory function, this receptor kinase-mediated function appears to be conserved in angiosperms. RHS10 showed a strong association with the cell wall, most probably through its extracellular proline-rich domain (ECD). Deletion analysis of the ECD demonstrated that a minimal extracellular part, which includes a few proline residues, is required for RHS10-mediated root hair inhibition. RHS10 suppressed the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the root, which are necessary for root hair growth. A yeast two-hybrid screening identified an RNase (RNS2) as a putative downstream target of RHS10. Accordingly, RHS10 overexpression decreased and RHS10 loss increased RNA levels in the hair-growing root region. Our results suggest that RHS10 mediates cell wall-associated signals to maintain proper root hair length, at least in part by regulating RNA catabolism and ROS accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youra Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hyodong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Young-Sook Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
| | - Hyung-Taeg Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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29
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El-Soda M, Kruijer W, Malosetti M, Koornneef M, Aarts MGM. Quantitative trait loci and candidate genes underlying genotype by environment interaction in the response of Arabidopsis thaliana to drought. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:585-99. [PMID: 25074022 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress was imposed on two sets of Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes grown in sand under short-day conditions and analysed for several shoot and root growth traits. The response to drought was assessed for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in a genetically diverse set of Arabidopsis accessions using genome-wide association (GWA) mapping, and conventional linkage analysis of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. Results showed significant genotype by environment interaction (G×E) for all traits in response to different watering regimes. For the RIL population, the observed G×E was reflected in 17 QTL by environment interactions (Q×E), while 17 additional QTLs were mapped not showing Q×E. GWA mapping identified 58 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) associated with loci displaying Q×E and an additional 16 SNPs associated with loci not showing Q×E. Many candidate genes potentially underlying these loci were suggested. The genes for RPS3C and YLS7 were found to contain conserved amino acid differences when comparing Arabidopsis accessions with strongly contrasting drought response phenotypes, further supporting their candidacy. One of these candidate genes co-located with a QTL mapped in the RIL population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Soda
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Wageningen, 6708PB, The Netherlands
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30
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Kwon T, Sparks JA, Nakashima J, Allen SN, Tang Y, Blancaflor EB. Transcriptional response of Arabidopsis seedlings during spaceflight reveals peroxidase and cell wall remodeling genes associated with root hair development. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2015; 102:21-35. [PMID: 25587145 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED • PREMISE OF THE STUDY Plants will be an important component of advanced life support systems during space exploration missions. Therefore, understanding their biology in the spacecraft environment will be essential before they can be used for such systems.• METHODS Seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana were grown for 2 wk in the Biological Research in Canisters (BRIC) hardware on board the second to the last mission of the space shuttle Discovery (STS-131). Transcript profiles between ground controls and space-grown seedlings were compared using stringent selection criteria.• KEY RESULTS Expression of transcripts associated with oxidative stress and cell wall remodeling was repressed in microgravity. These downregulated genes were previously shown to be enriched in root hairs consistent with seedling phenotypes observed in space. Mutations in genes that were downregulated in microgravity, including two uncharacterized root hair-expressed class III peroxidase genes (PRX44 and PRX57), led to defective polar root hair growth on Earth. PRX44 and PRX57 mutants had ruptured root hairs, which is a typical phenotype of tip-growing cells with defective cell walls and those subjected to stress.• CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to microgravity negatively impacts tip growth by repressing expression of genes essential for normal root hair development. Whereas changes in peroxidase gene expression leading to reduced root hair growth in space are actin-independent, root hair development modulated by phosphoinositides could be dependent on the actin cytoskeleton. These results have profound implications for plant adaptation to microgravity given the importance of tip growing cells such as root hairs for efficient nutrient capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegun Kwon
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 USA
| | - J Alan Sparks
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 USA
| | - Jin Nakashima
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 USA
| | - Stacy N Allen
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 USA
| | - Yuhong Tang
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 USA
| | - Elison B Blancaflor
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401 USA
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31
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Grierson C, Nielsen E, Ketelaarc T, Schiefelbein J. Root hairs. THE ARABIDOPSIS BOOK 2014; 12:e0172. [PMID: 24982600 PMCID: PMC4075452 DOI: 10.1199/tab.0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Roots hairs are cylindrical extensions of root epidermal cells that are important for acquisition of nutrients, microbe interactions, and plant anchorage. The molecular mechanisms involved in the specification, differentiation, and physiology of root hairs in Arabidopsis are reviewed here. Root hair specification in Arabidopsis is determined by position-dependent signaling and molecular feedback loops causing differential accumulation of a WD-bHLH-Myb transcriptional complex. The initiation of root hairs is dependent on the RHD6 bHLH gene family and auxin to define the site of outgrowth. Root hair elongation relies on polarized cell expansion at the growing tip, which involves multiple integrated processes including cell secretion, endomembrane trafficking, cytoskeletal organization, and cell wall modifications. The study of root hair biology in Arabidopsis has provided a model cell type for insights into many aspects of plant development and cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Grierson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK BS8 1UG
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
| | - Tijs Ketelaarc
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Wageningen University, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John Schiefelbein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109
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32
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Denancé N, Szurek B, Noël LD. Emerging functions of nodulin-like proteins in non-nodulating plant species. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:469-74. [PMID: 24470637 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant genes whose expression is induced in legumes by Rhizobium bacteria upon nodulation were initially referred to as nodulins. Several of them play a key role in the establishment of symbiosis. Yet, nodulin-like proteins are also found in non-nodulating plant species such as Arabidopsis, rice, maize or poplar. For instance, 132 are predicted in the Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 genome. Recent studies now highlight the importance of nodulin-like proteins for the transport of nutrients, solutes, amino acids or hormones and for major aspects of plant development. Interestingly, nodulin-like activities at the plant-microbe interface are also important for pathogens to enhance their fitness during host colonization. This work presents a genomic and functional overview of nodulin-like proteins in non-leguminous plant species, with a particular focus on Arabidopsis and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Denancé
- INRA, Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes (LIPM), UMR 441, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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33
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Paul AL, Zupanska AK, Schultz ER, Ferl RJ. Organ-specific remodeling of the Arabidopsis transcriptome in response to spaceflight. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 13:112. [PMID: 23919896 PMCID: PMC3750915 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-13-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spaceflight presents a novel environment that is outside the evolutionary experience of terrestrial organisms. Full activation of the International Space Station as a science platform complete with sophisticated plant growth chambers, laboratory benches, and procedures for effective sample return, has enabled a new level of research capability and hypothesis testing in this unique environment. The opportunity to examine the strategies of environmental sensing in spaceflight, which includes the absence of unit gravity, provides a unique insight into the balance of influence among abiotic cues directing plant growth and development: including gravity, light, and touch. The data presented here correlate morphological and transcriptome data from replicated spaceflight experiments. RESULTS The transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated organ-specific changes in response to spaceflight, with 480 genes showing significant changes in expression in spaceflight plants compared with ground controls by at least 1.9-fold, and 58 by more than 7-fold. Leaves, hypocotyls, and roots each displayed unique patterns of response, yet many gene functions within the responses are related. Particularly represented across the dataset were genes associated with cell architecture and growth hormone signaling; processes that would not be anticipated to be altered in microgravity yet may correlate with morphological changes observed in spaceflight plants. As examples, differential expression of genes involved with touch, cell wall remodeling, root hairs, and cell expansion may correlate with spaceflight-associated root skewing, while differential expression of auxin-related and other gravity-signaling genes seemingly correlates with the microgravity of spaceflight. Although functionally related genes were differentially represented in leaves, hypocotyls, and roots, the expression of individual genes varied substantially across organ types, indicating that there is no single response to spaceflight. Rather, each organ employed its own response tactics within a shared strategy, largely involving cell wall architecture. CONCLUSIONS Spaceflight appears to initiate cellular remodeling throughout the plant, yet specific strategies of the response are distinct among specific organs of the plant. Further, these data illustrate that in the absence of gravity plants rely on other environmental cues to initiate the morphological responses essential to successful growth and development, and that the basis for that engagement lies in the differential expression of genes in an organ-specific manner that maximizes the utilization of these signals--such as the up-regulation of genes associated with light-sensing in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lisa Paul
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Agata K Zupanska
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Eric R Schultz
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Robert J Ferl
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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Huang J, Kim CM, Xuan YH, Park SJ, Piao HL, Je BI, Liu J, Kim TH, Kim BK, Han CD. OsSNDP1, a Sec14-nodulin domain-containing protein, plays a critical role in root hair elongation in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 82:39-50. [PMID: 23456248 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rice is cultivated in water-logged paddy lands. Thus, rice root hairs on the epidermal layers are exposed to a different redox status of nitrogen species, organic acids, and metal ions than root hairs growing in drained soil. To identify genes that play an important role in root hair growth, a forward genetics approach was used to screen for short-root-hair mutants. A short-root-hair mutant was identified and isolated by using map-based cloning and sequencing. The mutation arose from a single amino acid substitution of OsSNDP1 (Oryza sativa Sec14-nodulin domain protein), which shows high sequence homology with Arabidopsis COW1/AtSFH1 and encodes a phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PITP). By performing complementation assays with Atsfh1 mutants, we demonstrated that OsSNDP1 is involved in growth of root hairs. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy was utilized to further characterize the effect of the Ossndp1 mutation on root hair morphology. Aberrant morphogenesis was detected in root hair elongation and maturation zones. Many root hairs were branched and showed irregular shapes due to bulged nodes. Many epidermal cells also produced dome-shaped root hairs, which indicated that root hair elongation ceased at an early stage. These studies showed that PITP-mediated phospholipid signaling and metabolism is critical for root hair elongation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center (PMBBRC), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Korea
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Kwasniewski M, Chwialkowska K, Kwasniewska J, Kusak J, Siwinski K, Szarejko I. Accumulation of peroxidase-related reactive oxygen species in trichoblasts correlates with root hair initiation in barley. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:185-95. [PMID: 23218546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are an important model in studies of cell differentiation and development in higher plants. The function of NADPH oxidase-related reactive oxygen species (ROS) in root hair development has been reported extensively in studies on Arabidopsis. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of the initiation of root hair formation, mediated by the peroxidase-dependent production of the highly reactive hydroxyl radical in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The distribution of ROS, including the hydroxyl radical (OH) and superoxide (O(2)(-)) was assessed using hydroxyphenyl fluorescein and nitroblue tetrazolium chloride, respectively, in the roots of wild-type plants and two root-hair mutants: root-hairless (rhl1.a) and with root hair growth blocked at the primordium stage (rhp1.b). Peroxidase-dependent OH accumulation was linked to root hair initiation and growth in plants where root hair formation was at least initiated, whereas OH was not detectable in the epidermis of the root-hairless mutant rhl1.a. O(2)(-) distribution in the roots of rhl1.a and rhp1.b mutants was not impaired and did not influence the root hair phenotype. Peroxidase inhibitor treatments of wild-type roots dramatically reduced the ability of growing roots to form root hairs and thus phenocopied the root-hairless phenotype. Expression of two candidate peroxidase genes, HvPRX45 and HvPRX2, was analyzed and their possible role in root hair-specific production of hydroxyl radicals was discussed. We propose a model of a two-step, coordinated ROS formation process in root hair cells that involves root hair-specific peroxidase(s) and root hair-specific NADPH oxidase necessary for a proper root hair formation in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslaw Kwasniewski
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
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Yoo CM, Blancaflor EB. Overlapping and divergent signaling pathways for ARK1 and AGD1 in the control of root hair polarity in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:528. [PMID: 24400013 PMCID: PMC3871054 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that seedlings harboring mutations in genes encoding ARK1, an armadillo repeat-containing kinesin, or AGD1, a class 1 ARF-GAP, have root hairs that exhibit wavy/spiral growth and two tips originating from one initiation site. These root hair defects were accompanied by bundling of endoplasmic microtubules and filamentous actin (F-actin) that extended to the extreme root hair apex. The similar phenotypes of ark1 and agd1 mutants suggest a tight coordination between the cytoskeleton and membrane trafficking in the control of root hair polarity. Indeed, cell biological and genetic studies of the agd1 mutant provided evidence that AGD1's involvement in root hair development involves cross-talk among phosphoinositides (PIs), the actin cytoskeleton and other small GTPases such as ROP2 and RABA4b. Here we show that ark1 root hairs mirror those of agd1 with regard to altered targeting of ROP2 and RABA4b, as well as abnormal tonoplast organization. Furthermore, like agd1, enhanced root hair defects in double mutants in ARK1 and genes encoding a type B phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase 3 (PIP5K3), a phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI-4P) phosphatase (RHD4), a phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (COW1), and a vegetative actin isoform (ACT2), were observed. However, root hair shape of some ark1 double mutant combinations, particularly those with act2, pip5k3 and rhd4 (ark1 act2, ark1 pip5k3, ark1 rhd4), differed in some respects from agd1 act2, agd1 pip5k3, and agd1 rhd4. Taken together our results continue to point to commonalities between ARK1 and AGD1 in specifying root hair polarity, but that these two modulators of tip-growth can also regulate root hair development through divergent signaling routes with AGD1 acting predominantly during root hair initiation and ARK1 functioning primarily in sustained tip growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elison B. Blancaflor
- *Correspondence: Elison B. Blancaflor, Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA e-mail:
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Kwasniewski M, Nowakowska U, Szumera J, Chwialkowska K, Szarejko I. iRootHair: a comprehensive root hair genomics database. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:28-35. [PMID: 23129204 PMCID: PMC3532259 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.206441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The specialized root epidermis cells of higher plants produce long, tubular outgrowths called root hairs. Root hairs play an important role in nutrient and water uptake, and they serve as a valuable model in studies of plant cell morphogenesis. More than 1,300 articles that describe the biological processes of these unique cells have been published to date. As new fields of root hair research are emerging, the number of new papers published each year and the volumes of new relevant data are continuously increasing. Therefore, there is a general need to facilitate studies on root hair biology by collecting, presenting, and sharing the available information in a systematic, curated manner. Consequently, in this paper, we present a comprehensive database of root hair genomics, iRootHair, which is accessible as a Web-based service. The current version of the database includes information about 153 root hair-related genes that have been identified to date in dicots and monocots along with their putative orthologs in higher plants with sequenced genomes. In order to facilitate the use of the iRootHair database, it is subdivided into interrelated, searchable sections that describe genes, processes of root hair formation, root hair mutants, and available references. The database integrates bioinformatics tools with a focus on sequence identification and annotation. iRootHair is a unique resource for root hair research that integrates the large volume of data related to root hair genomics in a single, curated, and expandable database that is freely available at www.iroothair.org.
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Dieck CB, Wood A, Brglez I, Rojas-Pierce M, Boss WF. Increasing phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate biosynthesis affects plant nuclear lipids and nuclear functions. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2012; 57:32-44. [PMID: 22677448 PMCID: PMC3601448 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In order to characterize the effects of increasing phosphatidylinositol(4,5)bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P(2)) on nuclear function, we expressed the human phosphatidylinositol (4)-phosphate 5-kinase (HsPIP5K) 1α in Nicotiana tabacum (NT) cells. The HsPIP5K-expressing (HK) cells had altered nuclear lipids and nuclear functions. HK cell nuclei had 2-fold increased PIP5K activity and increased steady state PtdIns(4,5)P(2). HK nuclear lipid classes showed significant changes compared to NT (wild type) nuclear lipid classes including increased phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) and phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) and decreased lysolipids. Lipids isolated from protoplast plasma membranes (PM) were also analyzed and compared with nuclear lipids. The lipid profiles revealed similarities and differences in the plasma membrane and nuclei from the NT and transgenic HK cell lines. A notable characteristic of nuclear lipids from both cell types is that PtdIns accounts for a higher mol% of total lipids compared to that of the protoplast PM lipids. The lipid molecular species composition of each lipid class was also analyzed for nuclei and protoplast PM samples. To determine whether expression of HsPIP5K1α affected plant nuclear functions, we compared DNA replication, histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) and phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) in NT and HK cells. The HK cells had a measurable decrease in DNA replication, histone H3K9 acetylation and pRB phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Austin Wood
- Department of Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Irena Brglez
- Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | | | - Wendy F. Boss
- Department of Plant Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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Yoo CM, Quan L, Cannon AE, Wen J, Blancaflor EB. AGD1, a class 1 ARF-GAP, acts in common signaling pathways with phosphoinositide metabolism and the actin cytoskeleton in controlling Arabidopsis root hair polarity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 69:1064-76. [PMID: 22098134 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2011.04856.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The Arabidopsis thaliana AGD1 gene encodes a class 1 adenosine diphosphate ribosylation factor-gtpase-activating protein (ARF-GAP). Previously, we found that agd1 mutants have root hairs that exhibit wavy growth and have two tips that originate from a single initiation point. To gain new insights into how AGD1 modulates root hair polarity we analyzed double mutants of agd1 and other loci involved in root hair development, and evaluated dynamics of various components of root hair tip growth in agd1 by live cell microscopy. Because AGD1 contains a phosphoinositide (PI) binding pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, we focused on genetic interactions between agd1 and root hair mutants altered in PI metabolism. Rhd4, which is knocked-out in a gene encoding a phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI-4P) phosphatase, was epistatic to agd1. In contrast, mutations to PIP5K3 and COW1, which encode a type B phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase 3 and a phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, respectively, enhanced the root hair defects of agd1. Enhanced root hair defects were also observed in double mutants to AGD1 and ACT2, a root hair-expressed vegetative actin isoform. Consistent with our double-mutant studies, targeting of tip growth components involved in PI signaling (PI-4P), secretion (RABA4b) and actin regulation (ROP2), were altered in agd1 root hairs. Furthermore, tip cytosolic calcium ([Ca²⁺](cyt) ) oscillations were disrupted in root hairs of agd1. Taken together, our results indicate that AGD1 links PI signaling to cytoskeletal-, [Ca²⁺](cyt-) , ROP2-, and RABA4b-mediated root hair development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Min Yoo
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Inc., 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK 73401, USA
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Zheng H, Chen J. Emerging aspects of ER organization in root hair tip growth: lessons from RHD3 and Atlastin. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:1710-3. [PMID: 22057320 PMCID: PMC3329342 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.11.17477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cell polarity is a fundamental aspect of eukaryotic cells. A central question for cell biologists is how the polarity of a cell is established and maintained. Root hairs are exceptionally polarized structures formed from specific root epidermal cells. The morphogenesis of root hairs is characterized by the localized cell growth in a small dome at the tip of the hair, a process called tip growth. Root hairs are thus an attractive model system to study the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity in eukaryotes. Research on Arabidopsis root hairs has identified a plethora of molecular and cellular components that are important for root hair tip growth. Recently, studies on RHD3 and Atlastin have revealed a surprising similarity with respect to the role of the tubular ER network in tip growth of root hairs in plants and the axonal outgrowth of corticospinal neurons in neurological disorders known as hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). In this mini-review, we highlight recent progress in understanding of the function and regulation of RHD3 in the generation of the tubular ER network and discussed ways in which RHD3 could be involved in the establishment and maintenance of root hair tip growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanquan Zheng
- Developmental Biology Research Initiatives, Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Yao HY, Xue HW. Signals and mechanisms affecting vesicular trafficking during root growth. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 14:571-579. [PMID: 21764358 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2011.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vesicular trafficking is mediated by distinct exocytic and endocytic routes in eukaryotic cells. These pathways involve RAB family proteins, ADP-ribosylation factor, RHO proteins of the Ras superfamily, and SNAREs (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor adaptors). Studies have shown that vesicular trafficking plays a crucial role in protein localization and movement, signal transduction, and multiple developmental processes. Here we summarize the role of vesicular trafficking in root and root hair growth and in auxin-mediated root development, focusing on the regulation of the polarized subcellular distribution of the PIN proteins (auxin efflux carriers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300, Fenglin Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
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Santiago-Tirado FH, Bretscher A. Membrane-trafficking sorting hubs: cooperation between PI4P and small GTPases at the trans-Golgi network. Trends Cell Biol 2011; 21:515-25. [PMID: 21764313 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell polarity in eukaryotes requires constant sorting, packaging and transport of membrane-bound cargo within the cell. These processes occur in two sorting hubs: the recycling endosome for incoming material and the trans-Golgi network for outgoing material. Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate are enriched at the endocytic and exocytic sorting hubs, respectively, where they act together with small GTPases to recruit factors to segregate cargo and regulate carrier formation and transport. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how these lipids and GTPases regulate membrane trafficking directly, emphasizing the recent discoveries of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate functions at the trans-Golgi network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe H Santiago-Tirado
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 107 Biotechnology Bldg., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-7202, USA
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Jaiswal P, Avraham S, Ilic K, Kellogg EA, McCouch S, Pujar A, Reiser L, Rhee SY, Sachs MM, Schaeffer M, Stein L, Stevens P, Vincent L, Ware D, Zapata F. Plant Ontology (PO): a Controlled Vocabulary of Plant Structures and Growth Stages. Comp Funct Genomics 2011; 6:388-97. [PMID: 18629207 PMCID: PMC2447502 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2005] [Revised: 10/21/2005] [Accepted: 11/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Plant Ontology Consortium (POC) (www.plantontology.org) is a collaborative effort among several plant databases and experts in plant systematics, botany and genomics. A primary goal of the POC is to develop simple yet robust and extensible controlled vocabularies that accurately reflect the biology of plant structures and developmental stages. These provide a network of vocabularies linked by relationships (ontology) to facilitate queries that cut across datasets within a database or between multiple databases. The current version of the ontology integrates diverse vocabularies used to describe Arabidopsis, maize and rice (Oryza sp.) anatomy, morphology and growth stages. Using the ontology browser, over 3500 gene annotations from three species-specific databases, The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) for Arabidopsis, Gramene for rice and MaizeGDB for maize, can now be queried and retrieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Jaiswal
- Department of Plant Breeding 240 Emerson Hall Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
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Cheng L, Bucciarelli B, Liu J, Zinn K, Miller S, Patton-Vogt J, Allan D, Shen J, Vance CP. White lupin cluster root acclimation to phosphorus deficiency and root hair development involve unique glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:1131-48. [PMID: 21464471 PMCID: PMC3135957 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.173724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
White lupin (Lupinus albus) is a legume that is very efficient in accessing unavailable phosphorus (Pi). It develops short, densely clustered tertiary lateral roots (cluster/proteoid roots) in response to Pi limitation. In this report, we characterize two glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (GPX-PDE) genes (GPX-PDE1 and GPX-PDE2) from white lupin and propose a role for these two GPX-PDEs in root hair growth and development and in a Pi stress-induced phospholipid degradation pathway in cluster roots. Both GPX-PDE1 and GPX-PDE2 are highly expressed in Pi-deficient cluster roots, particularly in root hairs, epidermal cells, and vascular bundles. Expression of both genes is a function of both Pi availability and photosynthate. GPX-PDE1 Pi deficiency-induced expression is attenuated as photosynthate is deprived, while that of GPX-PDE2 is strikingly enhanced. Yeast complementation assays and in vitro enzyme assays revealed that GPX-PDE1 shows catalytic activity with glycerophosphocholine while GPX-PDE2 shows highest activity with glycerophosphoinositol. Cell-free protein extracts from Pi-deficient cluster roots display GPX-PDE enzyme activity for both glycerophosphocholine and glycerophosphoinositol. Knockdown of expression of GPX-PDE through RNA interference resulted in impaired root hair development and density. We propose that white lupin GPX-PDE1 and GPX-PDE2 are involved in the acclimation to Pi limitation by enhancing glycerophosphodiester degradation and mediating root hair development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carroll P. Vance
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Beijing 100193, People’s Republic of China (L.C., J.S.); Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics (L.C., B.B., J.L., S.M., C.P.V.) and Department of Soil, Water, and Climate (J.L., K.Z., D.A.), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108; United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (B.B., S.M., C.P.V.); Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282 (J.P.-V.)
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Tominaga-Wada R, Ishida T, Wada T. New insights into the mechanism of development of Arabidopsis root hairs and trichomes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 286:67-106. [PMID: 21199780 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385859-7.00002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidermis cell differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana is a model system for understanding the mechanisms leading to the developmental end state of plant cells. Both root hairs and trichomes differentiate from epidermal cells and molecular genetic analyses using Arabidopsis mutants have demonstrated that the differentiation of root hairs and trichomes is regulated by similar molecular mechanisms. Molecular-genetic approaches have led to the identification of many genes that are involved in epidermal cell differentiation, most of which encode transcription factors that induce the expression of genes active in both root hair and trichome development. Control of cell growth after fate determination has also been studied using Arabidopsis mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Tominaga-Wada
- Interdisciplinary Research Organization, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, Japan
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Dynamic Behavior of Double-Membrane-Bounded Organelles in Plant Cells. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 286:181-222. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385859-7.00004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kwasniewski M, Janiak A, Mueller-Roeber B, Szarejko I. Global analysis of the root hair morphogenesis transcriptome reveals new candidate genes involved in root hair formation in barley. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 167:1076-1083. [PMID: 20388575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Root hairs are long tubular outgrowths of specialized root epidermal cells that play an important role in plant nutrition and water uptake. They are also an important model in studies of higher plant cell differentiation. In contrast to the model dicot Arabidopsis thaliana, currently very little is known about the genetic and molecular basis of root hair formation in monocots, including major cereals. To elucidate candidate genes controlling this developmental process in barley, we took advantage of the recently established Affymetrix GeneChip Barley1 Genome Array to carry out global transcriptome analyses of hairless and root hair primordia-forming roots of two barely mutant lines. Expression profiling of the root-hairless mutant rhl1.a and its wild type parent variety 'Karat' revealed 10 genes potentially involved in the early step of root hair formation in barley. Differential expression of all identified genes was confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The genes identified encode proteins associated with the cell wall and membranes, including one gene for xyloglucan endotransglycosylase, three for peroxidase enzymes and five for arabinogalactan protein, extensin, leucine-rich-repeat protein, phosphatidylinositol phosphatidylcholine transfer protein and a RhoGTPase GDP dissociation inhibitor, respectively. The molecular function of one gene is unknown at present. The expression levels of these genes were strongly reduced in roots of the root-hairless mutant rhl1.a compared to the parent variety, while expression of all 10 genes was similar in another mutant, i.e. rhp1.b, that has lost its ability to develop full root hairs but still forms hairs blocked at the primordium stage, and its wild type relative. This clearly indicates that the new genes identified are involved in the initiation of root hair morphogenesis in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslaw Kwasniewski
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia, Jagiellonska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland.
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Yi K, Menand B, Bell E, Dolan L. A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor controls cell growth and size in root hairs. Nat Genet 2010; 42:264-7. [PMID: 20139979 DOI: 10.1038/ng.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Postmitotic cell growth defines cell shape and size during development. However, the mechanisms regulating postmitotic cell growth in plants remain unknown. Here we report the discovery of a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor called RSL4 (ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6-LIKE 4) that is sufficient to promote postmitotic cell growth in Arabidopsis thaliana root-hair cells. Loss of RSL4 function resulted in the development of very short root hairs. In contrast, constitutive RSL4 expression programmed constitutive growth, resulting in the formation of very long root hairs. Hair-cell growth signals, such as auxin and low phosphate availability, modulate hair cell extension by regulating RSL4 transcript and protein levels. RSL4 is thus a regulator of growth that integrates endogenous developmental and exogenous environmental signals that together control postmitotic growth in root hairs. The control of postmitotic growth by transcription factors may represent a general mechanism for regulating cell size across diverse organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Yi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
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