1
|
Ohta D, Fuwa A, Yamaroku Y, Isobe K, Nakamoto M, Okazawa A, Ogawa T, Ebine K, Ueda T, Mercier P, Schaller H. Characterization of Subcellular Dynamics of Sterol Methyltransferases Clarifies Defective Cell Division in smt2 smt3, a C-24 Ethyl Sterol-Deficient Mutant of Arabidopsis. Biomolecules 2024; 14:868. [PMID: 39062582 PMCID: PMC11275053 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An Arabidopsis sterol mutant, smt2 smt3, defective in sterolmethyltransferase2 (SMT2), exhibits severe growth abnormalities. The loss of C-24 ethyl sterols, maintaining the biosynthesis of C-24 methyl sterols and brassinosteroids, suggests specific roles of C-24 ethyl sterols. We characterized the subcellular localizations of fluorescent protein-fused sterol biosynthetic enzymes, such as SMT2-GFP, and found these enzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum during interphase and identified their movement to the division plane during cytokinesis. The mobilization of endoplasmic reticulum-localized SMT2-GFP was independent of the polarized transport of cytokinetic vesicles to the division plane. In smt2 smt3, SMT2-GFP moved to the abnormal division plane, and unclear cell plate ends were surrounded by hazy structures from SMT2-GFP fluorescent signals and unincorporated cellulose debris. Unusual cortical microtubule organization and impaired cytoskeletal function accompanied the failure to determine the cortical division site and division plane formation. These results indicated that both endoplasmic reticulum membrane remodeling and cytokinetic vesicle transport during cytokinesis were impaired, resulting in the defects of cell wall generation. The cell wall integrity was compromised in the daughter cells, preventing the correct determination of the subsequent cell division site. We discuss the possible roles of C-24 ethyl sterols in the interaction between the cytoskeletal network and the plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisaku Ohta
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; (D.O.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ayaka Fuwa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamaroku
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuki Isobe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; (D.O.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okazawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; (D.O.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takumi Ogawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan; (D.O.); (T.O.)
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ebine
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; (K.E.); (T.U.)
- The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; (K.E.); (T.U.)
- The Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Nishigonaka 38, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Pierre Mercier
- Institute de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, 12, Rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084 Strasbourg, France; (P.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Hubert Schaller
- Institute de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, 12, Rue du Général Zimmer, F-67084 Strasbourg, France; (P.M.); (H.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hering N, Schmit AC, Herzog E, Corbin LT, Schmidt-Speicher L, Ahrens R, Fauconnier ML, Nick P. Spearmint targets microtubules by (-)-carvone. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae151. [PMID: 38994449 PMCID: PMC11237191 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Allelopathy can provide sustainable alternatives to herbicides because it is based on specific signals rather than generic toxicity. We show that the allelopathic activity of Spearmint and Watermint is linked with their main compounds, (-)-carvone and (+)-menthofuran, both deriving from (-)-limonene. Germination of Poppy and Cress, and root growth of Arabidopsis thaliana are inhibited by very low concentrations of (-)-carvone, acting even through the gas phase. (+)-Menthofuran is active as well, but at lower efficacy. Using fluorescently tagged marker lines in tobacco BY-2 cells and Arabidopsis roots, we demonstrate a rapid degradation of microtubules and a remodeling of actin filaments in response to (-)-carvone and, to a milder extent, to (+)-menthofuran. This cytoskeletal response is followed by cell death. By means of a Root Chip system, we can follow the tissue dependent response of the cytoskeleton and show a cell-type dependent gradient of sensitivity between meristem and distal elongation zone, accompanied by programmed cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Hering
- Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences (JKIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Anne-Catherine Schmit
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Etienne Herzog
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Louis-Thibault Corbin
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes (IBMP), CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67084, France
| | - Leona Schmidt-Speicher
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Ralf Ahrens
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | | | - Peter Nick
- Joseph Gottlieb Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences (JKIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hitora Y, El-Desoky AH, Sadahiro Y, Sejiyama A, Kinoshita A, Ise Y, Angkouw ED, Mangindaan REP, Higaki T, Tsukamoto S. Neopetromin, a Cyclic Tripeptide with a C-N Cross-Link, from the Marine Sponge Neopetrosia sp., That Causes Vacuole Fragmentation in Tobacco BY-2 Cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 87:1197-1202. [PMID: 38503712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.4c00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
HPLC-MS analysis revealed the presence of an unreported peptide in the extract of the marine sponge Neopetrosia sp. Its structure was determined as a tripeptide, named neopetromin (1), composed of two tyrosine and one tryptophan residues with a heteroaromatic C-N cross-link between side chains. The absolute configuration of amino acids was determined using Marfey's method after ozonolysis and hydrolysis of 1. Compound 1 promoted vacuole fragmentation in an actin-independent manner in tobacco BY-2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hitora
- Department of Natural Medicines, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ahmed H El-Desoky
- Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Yusaku Sadahiro
- Department of Natural Medicines, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ai Sejiyama
- Department of Natural Medicines, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Amiri Kinoshita
- Faculty of Science, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Yuji Ise
- Kuroshio Biological Research Foundation, 560 Nishidomari, Otsuki, Hata, Kochi 788-0333, Japan
| | - Esther D Angkouw
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Kampus Bahu, Manado 95115, Indonesia
| | - Remy E P Mangindaan
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Kampus Bahu, Manado 95115, Indonesia
| | - Takumi Higaki
- Faculty of Science, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukamoto
- Department of Natural Medicines, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hrebonkin A, Afonin S, Nikitjuka A, Borysov OV, Leitis G, Babii O, Koniev S, Lorig T, Grage SL, Nick P, Ulrich AS, Jirgensons A, Komarov IV. Spiropyran-Based Photoisomerizable α-Amino Acid for Membrane-Active Peptide Modification. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400066. [PMID: 38366887 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Photoisomerizable peptides are promising drug candidates in photopharmacology. While azobenzene- and diarylethene-containing photoisomerizable peptides have already demonstrated their potential in this regard, reports on the use of spiropyrans to photoregulate bioactive peptides are still scarce. This work focuses on the design and synthesis of a spiropyran-derived amino acid, (S)-2-amino-3-(6'-methoxy-1',3',3'-trimethylspiro-[2H-1-benzopyran-2,2'-indolin-6-yl])propanoic acid, which is suitable for the preparation of photoisomerizable peptides. The utility of this amino acid is demonstrated by incorporating it into the backbone of BP100, a known membrane-active peptide, and by examining the photoregulation of the membrane perturbation by the spiropyran-containing peptides. The toxicity of the peptides (against the plant cell line BY-2), their bacteriotoxicity (E. coli), and actin-auxin oscillator modulation ability were shown to be significantly dependent on the photoisomeric state of the spiropyran unit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrii Hrebonkin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Nikitjuka
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Oleksandr V Borysov
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Gundars Leitis
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Oleg Babii
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Serhii Koniev
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Vul. Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Theo Lorig
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan L Grage
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, POB 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Aigars Jirgensons
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles iela 21, 1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Igor V Komarov
- Enamine, Vul. Winstona Churchilla 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Vul. Volodymyrska 60, 01601, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Lumobiotics, Auerstraße 2, 76227, Karlsruhe., Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nan Q, Liang H, Mendoza J, Liu L, Fulzele A, Wright A, Bennett EJ, Rasmussen CG, Facette MR. The OPAQUE1/DISCORDIA2 myosin XI is required for phragmoplast guidance during asymmetric cell division in maize. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:2678-2693. [PMID: 37017144 PMCID: PMC10291028 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Formative asymmetric divisions produce cells with different fates and are critical for development. We show the maize (Zea mays) myosin XI protein, OPAQUE1 (O1), is necessary for asymmetric divisions during maize stomatal development. We analyzed stomatal precursor cells before and during asymmetric division to determine why o1 mutants have abnormal division planes. Cell polarization and nuclear positioning occur normally in the o1 mutant, and the future site of division is correctly specified. The defect in o1 becomes apparent during late cytokinesis, when the phragmoplast forms the nascent cell plate. Initial phragmoplast guidance in o1 is normal; however, as phragmoplast expansion continues o1 phragmoplasts become misguided. To understand how O1 contributes to phragmoplast guidance, we identified O1-interacting proteins. Maize kinesins related to the Arabidopsis thaliana division site markers PHRAGMOPLAST ORIENTING KINESINs (POKs), which are also required for correct phragmoplast guidance, physically interact with O1. We propose that different myosins are important at multiple steps of phragmoplast expansion, and the O1 actin motor and POK-like microtubule motors work together to ensure correct late-stage phragmoplast guidance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Nan
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Hong Liang
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Janette Mendoza
- Department of Botany, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Le Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Amit Fulzele
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92093, USA
| | - Amanda Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Eric J Bennett
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carolyn G Rasmussen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Michelle R Facette
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ren R, Bremner DH, Chen W, Shi A, Wang T, Wang Y, Wang C, Wu J, Zhu LM. A multifunctional nanocomposite coated with a BSA membrane for cascaded nitric oxide therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124087. [PMID: 36940766 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
Gas therapy based on nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for cancer, and in conjunction with multi-mode combination therapy, offers new possibilities for achieving significant hyperadditive effects. In this study, an integrated AI-MPDA@BSA nanocomposite for diagnosis and treatment was constructed for PDA based photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and cascade NO release. Natural NO donor L-arginine (L-Arg) and photosensitizer (PS) IR780 were loaded into mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was conjugated to the MPDA to increase the dispersibility and biocompatibility of the nanoparticles, as well as to serve as a gatekeeper controlling IR780 release from the MPDA pores. The AI-MPDA@BSA produced singlet oxygen (1O2) and converted it into NO through a chain reaction based on L-Arg, enabling a combination of photodynamic therapy and gas therapy. Moreover, due to the photothermal properties of MPDA, the AI-MPDA@BSA performed good photothermal conversion, which allowed photoacoustic imaging. As expected, both in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that the AI-MPDA@BSA nanoplatform has a significant inhibitory effect on cancer cells and tumors, and no apparent systemic toxicity or side effects were detected during the treatment period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ren
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - David H Bremner
- School of Science, Engineering and Technology, Abertay University, Kydd Building, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland, UK
| | - Wenling Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Anhua Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Education Department of Yunnan, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Chengji Wang
- Shanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junzi Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Microcosmic Syndrome Differentiation, Education Department of Yunnan, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Li-Min Zhu
- College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Uyehara AN, Rasmussen CG. Redundant mechanisms in division plane positioning. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151308. [PMID: 36921356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Redundancies in plant cell division contribute to the maintenance of proper division plane orientation. Here we highlight three types of redundancy: 1) Temporal redundancy, or correction of earlier defects that results in proper final positioning, 2) Genetic redundancy, or functional compensation by homologous genes, and 3) Synthetic redundancy, or redundancy within or between pathways that contribute to proper division plane orientation. Understanding the types of redundant mechanisms involved provides insight into current models of division plane orientation and opens up new avenues for exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimee N Uyehara
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Carolyn G Rasmussen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Center for Plant Cell Biology, University of California, Riverside, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maeda K, Higaki T. Cell Cycle Synchronization and Time-Lapse Imaging of Cytokinetic Tobacco BY-2 Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2382:245-252. [PMID: 34705244 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1744-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic tobacco BY-2 cell lines stably expressing fluorescent protein-tagged marker proteins have been used to visualize the dynamic behaviors of cytoskeletons and organelles during plant cell division. Using time-lapse confocal imaging, we recently revealed that the pharmacological disruption of actin filaments results in the abnormal organization of phragmoplast microtubules during the early phase of cytokinesis in cell cycle-synchronized BY-2 cells. Additionally, disrupting the actin filaments shortens the time from cell plate emergence to the accumulation of green fluorescent protein-tagged NACK1 kinesin on the cell plate, suggesting that there are two functionally diverse types of microtubules in the phragmoplast. We herein describe a protocol for the cell cycle synchronization of BY-2 cells and the time-lapse confocal imaging of cytokinesis combined with a treatment with an actin polymerization inhibitor and the visualization of an emerging cell plate with a vital stain. This protocol is useful for examining the dynamic changes in protein localization or the intracellular architecture and the effects of actin disruption during plant cell division.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisho Maeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lebecq A, Fangain A, Boussaroque A, Caillaud MC. Dynamic apico-basal enrichment of the F-actin during cytokinesis in Arabidopsis cells embedded in their tissues. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 3:e4. [PMID: 37077960 PMCID: PMC10095810 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2022.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cell division is a tightly regulated mechanism, notably in tissues where malfunctions can lead to tumour formation or developmental defects. This is particularly true in land plants, where cells cannot relocate and therefore cytokinesis determines tissue topology. In plants, cell division is executed in radically different manners than in animals, with the appearance of new structures and the disappearance of ancestral mechanisms. Whilst F-actin and microtubules closely co-exist, recent studies mainly focused on the involvement of microtubules in this key process. Here, we used a root tracking system to image the spatio-temporal dynamics of both F-actin reporters and cell division markers in dividing cells embedded in their tissues. In addition to the F-actin accumulation at the phragmoplast, we observed and quantified a dynamic apico-basal enrichment of F-actin from the prophase/metaphase transition until the end of the cytokinesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Lebecq
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon, France
| | - Aurélie Fangain
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon, France
| | - Alice Boussaroque
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Cécile Caillaud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon, France
- Author for correspondence: M.-C. Caillaud, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guan P, Zhou J, Girel S, Zhu X, Schwab M, Zhang K, Wang-Müller Q, Bigler L, Nick P. Anti-microtubule activity of the traditional Chinese medicine herb Northern Ban Lan (Isatis tinctoria) leads to glucobrassicin. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:2058-2074. [PMID: 34636476 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) belongs to the most elaborate and extensive systems of plant-based healing. The herb Northern Ban Lan (Isatis tinctoria) is famous for its antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity. Although numerous components isolated from I. tinctoria have been characterized so far, their modes of action have remained unclear. Here, we show that extracts from I. tinctoria exert anti-microtubular activity. Using time-lapse microscopy in living tobacco BY-2 (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Bright Yellow 2) cells expressing green fluorescent protein-tubulin, we use activity-guided fractionation to screen out the biologically active compounds of I. tinctoria. Among 54 fractions obtained from either leaves or roots of I. tinctoria by methanol (MeOH/H2 O 8:2), or ethyl acetate extraction, one specific methanolic root fraction was selected, because it efficiently and rapidly eliminated microtubules. By combination of further purification with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry most of the bioactivity could be assigned to the glucosinolate compound glucobrassicin. Glucobrassicin can also affect microtubules and induce apoptosis in HeLa cells. In the light of these findings, the antiviral activity of Northern Ban Lan is discussed in the context of microtubules being hijacked by many viral pathogens for cell-to-cell spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingyin Guan
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Jianning Zhou
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Sergey Girel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr.190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xin Zhu
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Marian Schwab
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Kunxi Zhang
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Qiyan Wang-Müller
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Ackerstrasse 113, CH-5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Bigler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr.190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Methods to Visualize the Actin Cytoskeleton During Plant Cell Division. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34705230 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1744-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell division in plants consists of separating the mother cell in two daughter cells by the centrifugal growth of a new wall. This process involves the reorganization of the structural elements of the cell, namely the microtubules and actin cytoskeleton which allow the coordination, the orientation, and the progression of mitosis. In addition to its implication in those plant-specific structures, the actin cytoskeleton, in close association with the plasma membrane, exhibits specific patterning at the cortex of the dividing cells, and might act as a signaling component. This review proposes an overview of the techniques available to visualize the actin cytoskeleton in fixed tissues or living cells during division, including electron, fluorescent, and super-resolution microscopy techniques.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang L, Smertenko T, Fahy D, Koteyeva N, Moroz N, Kuchařová A, Novák D, Manoilov E, Smertenko P, Galva C, Šamaj J, Kostyukova AS, Sedbrook JC, Smertenko A. Analysis of formin functions during cytokinesis using specific inhibitor SMIFH2. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:945-963. [PMID: 33620500 PMCID: PMC8195507 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The phragmoplast separates daughter cells during cytokinesis by constructing the cell plate, which depends on interaction between cytoskeleton and membrane compartments. Proteins responsible for these interactions remain unknown, but formins can link cytoskeleton with membranes and several members of formin protein family localize to the cell plate. Progress in functional characterization of formins in cytokinesis is hindered by functional redundancies within the large formin gene family. We addressed this limitation by employing Small Molecular Inhibitor of Formin Homology 2 (SMIFH2), a small-molecule inhibitor of formins. Treatment of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) tissue culture cells with SMIFH2 perturbed localization of actin at the cell plate; slowed down both microtubule polymerization and phragmoplast expansion; diminished association of dynamin-related proteins with the cell plate independently of actin and microtubules; and caused cell plate swelling. Another impact of SMIFH2 was shortening of the END BINDING1b (EB1b) and EB1c comets on the growing microtubule plus ends in N. tabacum tissue culture cells and Arabidopsis thaliana cotyledon epidermis cells. The shape of the EB1 comets in the SMIFH2-treated cells resembled that of the knockdown mutant of plant Xenopus Microtubule-Associated protein of 215 kDa (XMAP215) homolog MICROTUBULE ORGANIZATION 1/GEMINI 1 (MOR1/GEM1). This outcome suggests that formins promote elongation of tubulin flares on the growing plus ends. Formins AtFH1 (A. thaliana Formin Homology 1) and AtFH8 can also interact with EB1. Besides cytokinesis, formins function in the mitotic spindle assembly and metaphase to anaphase transition. Our data suggest that during cytokinesis formins function in: (1) promoting microtubule polymerization; (2) nucleating F-actin at the cell plate; (3) retaining dynamin-related proteins at the cell plate; and (4) remodeling of the cell plate membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laining Zhang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Tetyana Smertenko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Deirdre Fahy
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Nuria Koteyeva
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Morphology, Komarov Botanical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Natalia Moroz
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Anna Kuchařová
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Novák
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eduard Manoilov
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Petro Smertenko
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Charitha Galva
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
| | - Jozef Šamaj
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alla S. Kostyukova
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - John C. Sedbrook
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrei Smertenko
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ishida T, Yoshimura H, Takekawa M, Higaki T, Ideue T, Hatano M, Igarashi M, Tani T, Sawa S, Ishikawa H. Discovery, characterization and functional improvement of kumamonamide as a novel plant growth inhibitor that disturbs plant microtubules. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6077. [PMID: 33758203 PMCID: PMC7988157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85501-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery and useful application of natural products can help improve human life. Chemicals that inhibit plant growth are broadly utilized as herbicides to control weeds. As various types of herbicides are required, the identification of compounds with novel modes of action is desirable. In the present study, we discovered a novel N-alkoxypyrrole compound, kumamonamide from Streptomyces werraensis MK493-CF1 and established a total synthesis procedure. Resulted in the bioactivity assays, we found that kumamonamic acid, a synthetic intermediate of kumamonamide, is a potential plant growth inhibitor. Further, we developed various derivatives of kumamonamic acid, including a kumamonamic acid nonyloxy derivative (KAND), which displayed high herbicidal activity without adverse effects on HeLa cell growth. We also detected that kumamonamic acid derivatives disturb plant microtubules; and additionally, that KAND affected actin filaments and induced cell death. These multifaceted effects differ from those of known microtubule inhibitors, suggesting a novel mode of action of kumamonamic acid, which represents an important lead for the development of new herbicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ishida
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Haruna Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Takekawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Ideue
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.,Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Tokio Tani
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.,Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.,Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hayato Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan. .,Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. .,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang H, Riemann M, Liu Q, Siegrist J, Nick P. Glycyrrhizin, the active compound of the TCM drug Gan Cao stimulates actin remodelling and defence in grapevine. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 302:110712. [PMID: 33288019 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Actin remodelling by a membrane-associated oxidative process can sense perturbations of membrane integrity and activate defence. In the current work, we show that glycyrrhizin, a muscle relaxant used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, can activate oxidative burst and actin remodelling in tobacco BY-2 cells, which could be suppressed by diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidases. Glycyrrhizin caused a dose-dependent delay of proliferation, and induced cell death, which was suppressed by addition of indole-acetic acid, a natural auxin that can mitigate RboH dependent actin remodelling. To test, whether the actin remodelling induced by glycyrrhizin was followed by activation of defence, several events of basal immunity were probed. We found that glycyrrhizin induced a transient extracellular alkalinisation, indicative of calcium influx. Furthermore, transcripts of phytoalexins genes, were activated in cells of the grapevine Vitis rupestris, and this induction was followed by accumulation of the glycosylated stilbene α-piceid. We also observed that glycyrrhizin was able to induce actin bundling in leaves of a transgenic grape, especially in guard cells. We discuss these data in frame of a model, where glycyrrhizin, through stimulation of RboH, can cause actin remodelling, followed by defence responses, such as calcium influx, induction of phytoalexins transcripts, and accumulation of stilbene glycosides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Michael Riemann
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Qiong Liu
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Johannes Siegrist
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fernández-Jiménez N, Pradillo M. The role of the nuclear envelope in the regulation of chromatin dynamics during cell division. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5148-5159. [PMID: 32589712 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope delineates the eukaryotic cell nucleus. The membrane system of the nuclear envelope consists of an outer nuclear membrane and an inner nuclear membrane separated by a perinuclear space. It serves as more than just a static barrier, since it regulates the communication between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm and provides the anchoring points where chromatin is attached. Fewer nuclear envelope proteins have been identified in plants in comparison with animals and yeasts. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of the nuclear envelope in plants, focusing on its role as a chromatin organizer and regulator of gene expression, as well as on the modifications that it undergoes to be efficiently disassembled and reassembled with each cell division. Advances in knowledge concerning the mitotic role of some nuclear envelope constituents are also presented. In addition, we summarize recent progress on the contribution of the nuclear envelope elements to telomere tethering and chromosome dynamics during the meiotic division in different plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Fernández-Jiménez
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Pradillo
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhao W, Qu X, Zhuang Y, Wang L, Bosch M, Franklin-Tong VE, Xue Y, Huang S. Villin controls the formation and enlargement of punctate actin foci in pollen tubes. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs237404. [PMID: 32051284 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.237404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) in the poppy Papaver rhoeas triggers dramatic alterations in actin within pollen tubes. However, how these actin alterations are mechanistically achieved remains largely unexplored. Here, we used treatment with the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 to mimic the SI-induced elevation in cytosolic Ca2+ and trigger formation of the distinctive F-actin foci. Live-cell imaging revealed that this remodeling involves F-actin fragmentation and depolymerization, accompanied by the rapid formation of punctate actin foci and subsequent increase in their size. We established that actin foci are generated and enlarged from crosslinking of fragmented actin filament structures. Moreover, we show that villins associate with actin structures and are involved in this actin reorganization process. Notably, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis VILLIN5 promotes actin depolymerization and formation of actin foci by fragmenting actin filaments, and controlling the enlargement of actin foci via bundling of actin filaments. Our study thus uncovers important novel insights about the molecular players and mechanisms involved in forming the distinctive actin foci in pollen tubes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Zhao
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaolu Qu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuhui Zhuang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ludi Wang
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Vernonica E Franklin-Tong
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yongbiao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Maeda K, Sasabe M, Hanamata S, Machida Y, Hasezawa S, Higaki T. Actin Filament Disruption Alters Phragmoplast Microtubule Dynamics during the Initial Phase of Plant Cytokinesis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:445-456. [PMID: 32030404 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth and development relies on the accurate positioning of the cell plate between dividing cells during cytokinesis. The cell plate is synthetized by a specialized structure called the phragmoplast, which contains bipolar microtubules that polymerize to form a framework with the plus ends at or near the division site. This allows the transport of Golgi-derived vesicles toward the plus ends to form and expand the cell plate. Actin filaments play important roles in cell plate expansion and guidance in plant cytokinesis at the late phase, but whether they are involved at the early phase is unknown. To investigate this further, we disrupted the actin filaments in cell cycle-synchronized tobacco BY-2 cells with latrunculin B (LatB), an actin polymerization inhibitor. We observed the cells under a transmission electron microscope or a spinning-disk confocal laser scanning microscope. We found that disruption of actin filaments by LatB caused the membrane vesicles at the equatorial plane of the cell plate to be dispersed rather than form clusters as they did in the untreated cells. The midzone constriction of phragmoplast microtubules also was perturbed in LatB-treated cells. The live cell imaging and kymograph analysis showed that disruption of actin filaments also changed the accumulation timing of NACK1 kinesin, which plays a crucial role in cell plate expansion. This suggests that there are two functionally different types of microtubules in the phragmoplast. Together, our results show that actin filaments regulate phragmoplast microtubules at the initial phase of plant cytokinesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisho Maeda
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
| | - Michiko Sasabe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8561 Japan
| | - Shigeru Hanamata
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan
| | - Yasunori Machida
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan
| | - Seiichiro Hasezawa
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang JB, Zou Y, Zhang X, Wang M, Dong Q, Tao LZ. RIBOSE PHOSPHATE ISOMERSASE 1 Influences Root Development by Acting on Cell Wall Biosynthesis, Actin Organization, and Auxin Transport in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1641. [PMID: 31969892 PMCID: PMC6960261 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall biosynthesis plays essential roles in cell division and expansion and thus is fundamental to plant growth and development. In this work, we show that an Arabidopsis mutant dpr3, isolated by a forward genetic screen, displays embryo defects and short, swelling primary root with the failure of maintenance of root apical meristem reminiscent to several cell wall-deficient mutants. Map-based cloning identified dpr3 is a mutant allele of RIBOSE PHOSPHATE ISOMERSASE 1 (RPI1), an enzyme involved in cellulose synthesis. Cellulose content in the mutant was dramatically decreased. Moreover, dpr3 (rpi1 from hereon) caused aberrant auxin distribution, as well as defective accumulation of root master regulators PLETHORA (PLT1 and PLT2) and misexpression of auxin response factor 5 (MONOPTEROS, MP). The abnormal auxin distribution is likely due to the reduced accumulation of auxin efflux transporters PIN-FORMED (PIN1 and PIN3). Surprisingly, we found that the orientation of actin microfilaments was severely altered in rpi1 root cells, whereas the cortical microtubules stay normal. Our study provides evidence that the defects in cellulose synthesis in rpi1 affect polar auxin transport possibly connected with altered F-actin organization, which is critically important for vesicle trafficking, thus exerting effects on auxin distribution, signaling, and auxin-mediated plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bao Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yi Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingkun Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Zhen Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sarheed MM, Rajabi F, Kunert M, Boland W, Wetters S, Miadowitz K, Kaźmierczak A, Sahi VP, Nick P. Cellular Base of Mint Allelopathy: Menthone Affects Plant Microtubules. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:546345. [PMID: 33042176 PMCID: PMC7524878 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.546345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Plants can use volatiles for remote suppression of competitors. Mints produce essential oils, which are known to affect the growth of other plants. We used a comparative approach to identify allelopathic compounds from different Mints (genus Mentha, but also including Cat Mint, Nepeta cataria, and Corean Mint, Agastache rugosa, belonging to sisters clades within the Mentheae) using the standard cress germination assay as readout. To understand the mechanism behind this allelopathic effect, we investigated the response of tobacco BY-2 cell lines, expressing GFP-tagged markers for microtubules and actin filaments to these essential oils. Based on the comparison between bioactivity and chemical components, we identified menthone as prime candidate for the allelopathic effect, and confirmed this bioactivity targeted to microtubules experimentally in both, plant cells (tobaccoBY-2), and seedlings (Arabidopsis thaliana). We could show that menthone disrupted microtubules and induced mortality linked with a rapid permeabilization (less than 15 min) of the plasma membrane. This mortality was elevated in a tubulin marker line, where microtubules are mildly stabilized. Our study paves the way for the development of novel bioherbicides that would be environmentally friendly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mahmood Sarheed
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Rajabi
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maritta Kunert
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Boland
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Sascha Wetters
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kai Miadowitz
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Vaidurya Pratap Sahi
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- *Correspondence: Vaidurya Pratap Sahi, ;
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vilches Barro A, Stöckle D, Thellmann M, Ruiz-Duarte P, Bald L, Louveaux M, von Born P, Denninger P, Goh T, Fukaki H, Vermeer JEM, Maizel A. Cytoskeleton Dynamics Are Necessary for Early Events of Lateral Root Initiation in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 2019; 29:2443-2454.e5. [PMID: 31327713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
How plant cells re-establish differential growth to initiate organs is poorly understood. Morphogenesis of lateral roots relies on the asymmetric cell division of initially symmetric founder cells. This division is preceded by the tightly controlled asymmetric radial expansion of these cells. The cellular mechanisms that license and ensure the coordination of these events are unknown. Here, we quantitatively analyze microtubule and F-actin dynamics during lateral root initiation. Using mutants and pharmacological and tissue-specific genetic perturbations, we show that dynamic reorganization of both microtubule and F-actin networks is necessary for the asymmetric expansion of the founder cells. This cytoskeleton remodeling intertwines with auxin signaling in the pericycle and endodermis in order for founder cells to acquire a basic polarity required for initiating lateral root development. Our results reveal the conservation of cell remodeling and polarization strategies between the Arabidopsis zygote and lateral root founder cells. We propose that coordinated, auxin-driven reorganization of the cytoskeleton licenses asymmetric cell growth and divisions during embryonic and post-embryonic organogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Vilches Barro
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Stöckle
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martha Thellmann
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Ruiz-Duarte
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lotte Bald
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marion Louveaux
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick von Born
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Denninger
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tatsuaki Goh
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan; Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Fukaki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Joop E M Vermeer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Alexis Maizel
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Asfaw KG, Liu Q, Maisch J, Münch SW, Wehl I, Bräse S, Bogeski I, Schepers U, Nick P. A Peptoid Delivers CoQ-derivative to Plant Mitochondria via Endocytosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9839. [PMID: 31285457 PMCID: PMC6614412 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled delivery of molecules interfering specifically with target activities in a cell of interest can be a powerful tool for experimental manipulation, because it can be administered at a defined time point and does not require genetic transformation, which in some systems is difficult and time consuming. Peptides as versatile tools that can be tailored for binding numerous binding partners, are of special interest. However, their passage through membranes, their intracellular targeting, and their sensitivity to proteases is limiting. The use of peptoids, where cationic amino-acid side chains are linked to nitrogen (rather than to carbon) of the peptide bond, can circumvent these limitations, because they are not cleavable by proteases. In the current work, we provide a proof-of-concept that such Trojan Peptoids, the plant PeptoQ, can be used to target a functional cargo (i.e. a rhodamine-labelled peptoid and a coenzyme Q10 derivative) into mitochondria of tobacco BY-2 cells as experimental model. We show that the uptake is specific for mitochondria, rapid, dose-dependent, and requires clathrin-mediated endocytosis, as well as actin filaments, while microtubules seem to be dispensable. Viability of the treated cells is not affected, and they show better survival under salt stress, a condition that perturbs oxidative homeostasis in mitochondria. In congruence with improved homeostasis, we observe that the salt induced accumulation of superoxide is mitigated and even inverted by pretreatment with PeptoQ. Using double labelling with appropriate fluorescent markers, we show that targeting of this Trojan Peptoid to the mitochondria is not based on a passage through the plasma membrane (as thought hitherto), but on import via endocytotic vesicles and subsequent accumulation in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, from where it can enter the matrix, e.g. when the permeability of the inner membrane is increased under salt stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinfemichael Geressu Asfaw
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Qiong Liu
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jan Maisch
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stephan W Münch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ilona Wehl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1 D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics (ITG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1 D-76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ute Schepers
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann von Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vaškebová L, Šamaj J, Ovečka M. Single-point ACT2 gene mutation in the Arabidopsis root hair mutant der1-3 affects overall actin organization, root growth and plant development. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2018; 122:889-901. [PMID: 29293922 PMCID: PMC6215051 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcx180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The actin cytoskeleton forms a dynamic network in plant cells. A single-point mutation in the DER1 (deformed root hairs1) locus located in the sequence of ACTIN2, a gene for major actin in vegetative tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana, leads to impaired root hair development (Ringli C, Baumberger N, Diet A, Frey B, Keller B. 2002. ACTIN2 is essential for bulge site selection and tip growth during root hair development of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology129: 1464-1472). Only root hair phenotypes have been described so far in der1 mutants, but here we demonstrate obvious aberrations in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and overall plant development. METHODS Organization of the actin cytoskeleton in epidermal cells of cotyledons, hypocotyls and roots was studied qualitatively and quantitatively by live-cell imaging of transgenic lines carrying the GFP-FABD2 fusion protein and in fixed cells after phalloidin labelling. Patterns of root growth were characterized by FM4-64 vital staining, light-sheet microscopy imaging and microtubule immunolabelling. Plant phenotyping included analyses of germination, root growth and plant biomass. KEY RESULTS Speed of germination, plant fresh weight and total leaf area were significantly reduced in the der1-3 mutant in comparison with the C24 wild-type. Actin filaments in root, hypocotyl and cotyledon epidermal cells of the der1-3 mutant were shorter, thinner and arranged in more random orientations, while actin bundles were shorter and had altered orientations. The wavy pattern of root growth in der1-3 mutant was connected with higher frequencies of shifted cell division planes (CDPs) in root cells, which was consistent with the shifted positioning of microtubule-based preprophase bands and phragmoplasts. The organization of cortical microtubules in the root cells of the der1-3 mutant, however, was not altered. CONCLUSIONS Root growth rate of the der1-3 mutant is not reduced, but changes in the actin cytoskeleton organization can induce a wavy root growth pattern through deregulation of CDP orientation. The results suggest that the der1-3 mutation in the ACT2 gene does not influence solely root hair formation process, but also has more general effects on the actin cytoskeleton, plant growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Vaškebová
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - J Šamaj
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Ovečka
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Arima K, Tamaoki D, Mineyuki Y, Yasuhara H, Nakai T, Shimmen T, Yoshihisa T, Sonobe S. Displacement of the mitotic apparatuses by centrifugation reveals cortical actin organization during cytokinesis in cultured tobacco BY-2 cells. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2018; 131:803-815. [PMID: 29923137 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-018-1047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In plant cytokinesis, actin is thought to be crucial in cell plate guidance to the cortical division zone (CDZ), but its organization and function are not fully understood. To elucidate actin organization during cytokinesis, we employed an experimental system, in which the mitotic apparatus is displaced and separated from the CDZ by centrifugation and observed using a global-local live imaging microscope that enabled us to record behavior of actin filaments in the CDZ and the whole cell division process in parallel. In this system, returning movement of the cytokinetic apparatus in cultured-tobacco BY-2 cells occurs, and there is an advantage to observe actin organization clearly during the cytokinetic phase because more space was available between the CDZ and the distantly formed phragmoplast. Actin cables were clearly observed between the CDZ and the phragmoplast in BY-2 cells expressing GFP-fimbrin after centrifugation. Both the CDZ and the edge of the expanding phragmoplast had actin bulges. Using live-cell imaging including the global-local live imaging microscopy, we found actin filaments started to accumulate at the actin-depleted zone when cell plate expansion started even in the cell whose cell plate failed to reach the CDZ. These results suggest that specific accumulation of actin filaments at the CDZ and the appearance of actin cables between the CDZ and the phragmoplast during cell plate formation play important roles in the guidance of cell plate edges to the CDZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Arima
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tamaoki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Gofuku 3190, Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 267 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-2280, Japan
- JST SENTAN, 267 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-2280, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Mineyuki
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 267 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-2280, Japan
- JST SENTAN, 267 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-2280, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yasuhara
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680, Japan
| | - Tomonori Nakai
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 267 Shosha, Himeji, Hyogo, 671-2280, Japan
| | - Teruo Shimmen
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Tohru Yoshihisa
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan
| | - Seiji Sonobe
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rasmussen CG, Bellinger M. An overview of plant division-plane orientation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2018; 219:505-512. [PMID: 29701870 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 505 I. Introduction 505 II. Models of plant cell division 505 III. Establishing the division plane 506 IV. Maintaining the division plane during mitosis and cytokinesis 509 Acknowledgements 510 References 510 SUMMARY: Plants, a significant source of planet-wide biomass, have an unique type of cell division in which a new cell wall is constructed de novo inside the cell and guided towards the cell edge to complete division. The elegant control over positioning this new cell wall is essential for proper patterning and development. Plant cells, lacking migration, tightly coordinate division orientation and directed expansion to generate organized shapes. Several emerging lines of evidence suggest that the proteins required for division-plane establishment are distinct from those required for division-plane maintenance. We discuss recent shape-based computational models and mutant analyses that raise questions about, and identify unexpected connections between, the roles of well-known proteins and structures during division-plane orientation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn G Rasmussen
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Marschal Bellinger
- Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Paez-Garcia A, Sparks JA, de Bang L, Blancaflor EB. Plant Actin Cytoskeleton: New Functions from Old Scaffold. PLANT CELL MONOGRAPHS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69944-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
26
|
Huang X, Maisch J, Nick P. Sensory role of actin in auxin-dependent responses of tobacco BY-2. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 218:6-15. [PMID: 28763708 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Polar auxin transport depends on the polar localization of auxin-efflux carriers. The cycling of these carriers between cell interior and plasma membrane depends on actin. The dynamic of actin not only affects auxin transport, but also changes the auxin-responsiveness. To study the potential link between auxin responsiveness and actin dynamics, we investigated developmental responses of the non-transformed BY-2 (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Bright Yellow 2) cell line and the transgenic BY-2 strain GF11 (stably transformed BY-2 cells with a GFP-fimbrin actin-binding domain 2 construct). The developmental process was divided into three distinct stages: cell cycling, cell elongation and file disintegration. Several phenotypes were measured to monitor the cellular responses to different concentrations of exogenous natural auxin (Indole-3-acetic acid, IAA). We found that auxin stimulated and prolonged the mitotic activity, and delayed the exit from the proliferation phase. However, both responses were suppressed in the GF11 line. At the stationary phase of the cultivation cycle, auxin strongly accelerated the cell file disintegration. Interestingly, it was not suppressed but progressed to a more complete disintegration in the GF11 line. During the cultivation cycle, we also followed the organization of actin in the GF11 line and did not detect any significant difference in actin organization from untreated control or exogenous IAA treatment. Therefore, our findings indicate that the specific differences observed in the GF11 line must be linked with a function of actin that is not structural. It means that there is a sensory role of actin for auxin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Huang
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg. 4, Gbd. 30.43, (5. OG), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Jan Maisch
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg. 4, Gbd. 30.43, (5. OG), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Peter Nick
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg. 4, Gbd. 30.43, (5. OG), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kosetsu K, Murata T, Yamada M, Nishina M, Boruc J, Hasebe M, Van Damme D, Goshima G. Cytoplasmic MTOCs control spindle orientation for asymmetric cell division in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E8847-E8854. [PMID: 28973935 PMCID: PMC5651782 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1713925114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper orientation of the cell division axis is critical for asymmetric cell divisions that underpin cell differentiation. In animals, centrosomes are the dominant microtubule organizing centers (MTOC) and play a pivotal role in axis determination by orienting the mitotic spindle. In land plants that lack centrosomes, a critical role of a microtubular ring structure, the preprophase band (PPB), has been observed in this process; the PPB is required for orienting (before prophase) and guiding (in telophase) the mitotic apparatus. However, plants must possess additional mechanisms to control the division axis, as certain cell types or mutants do not form PPBs. Here, using live imaging of the gametophore of the moss Physcomitrella patens, we identified acentrosomal MTOCs, which we termed "gametosomes," appearing de novo and transiently in the prophase cytoplasm independent of PPB formation. We show that gametosomes are dispensable for spindle formation but required for metaphase spindle orientation. In some cells, gametosomes appeared reminiscent of the bipolar MT "polar cap" structure that forms transiently around the prophase nucleus in angiosperms. Specific disruption of the polar caps in tobacco cells misoriented the metaphase spindles and frequently altered the final division plane, indicating that they are functionally analogous to the gametosomes. These results suggest a broad use of transient MTOC structures as the spindle orientation machinery in plants, compensating for the evolutionary loss of centrosomes, to secure the initial orientation of the spindle in a spatial window that allows subsequent fine-tuning of the division plane axis by the guidance machinery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kosetsu
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Takashi Murata
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Moé Yamada
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Momoko Nishina
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Joanna Boruc
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mitsuyasu Hasebe
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Department of Basic Biology, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Daniël Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gohta Goshima
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kaufholdt D, Baillie CK, Meinen R, Mendel RR, Hänsch R. The Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis Network: In vivo Protein-Protein Interactions of an Actin Associated Multi-Protein Complex. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1946. [PMID: 29184564 PMCID: PMC5694649 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Survival of plants and nearly all organisms depends on the pterin based molybdenum cofactor (Moco) as well as its effective biosynthesis and insertion into apo-enzymes. To this end, both the central Moco biosynthesis enzymes are characterized and the conserved four-step reaction pathway for Moco biosynthesis is well-understood. However, protection mechanisms to prevent degradation during biosynthesis as well as transfer of the highly oxygen sensitive Moco and its intermediates are not fully enlightened. The formation of protein complexes involving transient protein-protein interactions is an efficient strategy for protected metabolic channelling of sensitive molecules. In this review, Moco biosynthesis and allocation network is presented and discussed. This network was intensively studied based on two in vivo interaction methods: bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and split-luciferase. Whereas BiFC allows localisation of interacting partners, split-luciferase assay determines interaction strengths in vivo. Results demonstrate (i) interaction of Cnx2 and Cnx3 within the mitochondria and (ii) assembly of a biosynthesis complex including the cytosolic enzymes Cnx5, Cnx6, Cnx7, and Cnx1, which enables a protected transfer of intermediates. The whole complex is associated with actin filaments via Cnx1 as anchor protein. After biosynthesis, Moco needs to be handed over to the specific apo-enzymes. A potential pathway was discovered. Molybdenum-containing enzymes of the sulphite oxidase family interact directly with Cnx1. In contrast, the xanthine oxidoreductase family acquires Moco indirectly via a Moco binding protein (MoBP2) and Moco sulphurase ABA3. In summary, the uncovered interaction matrix enables an efficient transfer for intermediate and product protection via micro-compartmentation.
Collapse
|
29
|
Higaki T. Quantitative evaluation of cytoskeletal organizations by microscopic image analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5685/plmorphol.29.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Higaki
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Eggenberger K, Sanyal P, Hundt S, Wadhwani P, Ulrich AS, Nick P. Challenge Integrity: The Cell-Penetrating Peptide BP100 Interferes with the Auxin-Actin Oscillator. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:71-85. [PMID: 28173585 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Actin filaments are essential for the integrity of the cell membrane. In addition to this structural role, actin can modulate signaling by altering polar auxin flow. On the other hand, the organization of actin filaments is modulated by auxin constituting a self-referring signaling hub. Although the function of this auxin–actin oscillator is not clear, there is evidence for a functional link with stress signaling activated by the NADPH oxidase Respiratory burst oxidase Homolog (RboH). In the current work, we used the cell-penetrating peptide BP100 to induce a mild and transient perturbation of membrane integrity. We followed the response of actin to the BP100 uptake in a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged actin marker line of tobacco Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) cells by spinning disc confocal microscopy. We observed that BP100 enters in a stepwise manner and reduces the extent of actin remodeling. This actin ‘freezing’ can be rescued by the natural auxin IAA, and mimicked by the auxin-efflux inhibitor 1-napthylphthalamic acid (NPA). We further tested the role of the membrane-localized NADPH oxidase RboH using the specific inhibitor diphenyl iodonium (DPI), and found that DPI acts antagonistically to BP100, although DPI alone can induce a similar actin ‘freezing’ as well. We propose a working model, where the mild violation of membrane integrity by BP100 stimulates RboH, and the resulting elevated levels of reactive oxygen species interfere with actin dynamicity. The mitigating effect of auxin is explained by competition of auxin- and RboH-triggered signaling for superoxide anions. This self-referring auxin–actin–RboH hub might be essential for integrity sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Eggenberger
- Botanical Institute and DFG-Center of Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Papia Sanyal
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) and DFG-Center of Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber Weg 6, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Svenja Hundt
- Botanical Institute and DFG-Center of Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Parvesh Wadhwani
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) and DFG-Center of Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber Weg 6, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) and DFG-Center of Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber Weg 6, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Botanical Institute and DFG-Center of Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr, Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gao N, Wadhwani P, Mühlhäuser P, Liu Q, Riemann M, Ulrich AS, Nick P. An antifungal protein from Ginkgo biloba binds actin and can trigger cell death. PROTOPLASMA 2016; 253:1159-74. [PMID: 26315821 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ginkbilobin is a short antifungal protein that had been purified and cloned from the seeds of the living fossil Ginkgo biloba. Homologues of this protein can be detected in all seed plants and the heterosporic fern Selaginella and are conserved with respect to domain structures, peptide motifs, and specific cysteine signatures. To get insight into the cellular functions of these conserved motifs, we expressed green fluorescent protein fusions of full-length and truncated ginkbilobin in tobacco BY-2 cells. We show that the signal peptide confers efficient secretion of ginkbilobin. When this signal peptide is either cleaved or masked, ginkbilobin binds and visualizes the actin cytoskeleton. This actin-binding activity of ginkbilobin is mediated by a specific subdomain just downstream of the signal peptide, and this subdomain can also coassemble with actin in vitro. Upon stable overexpression of this domain, we observe a specific delay in premitotic nuclear positioning indicative of a reduced dynamicity of actin. To elucidate the cellular response to the binding of this subdomain to actin, we use chemical engineering based on synthetic peptides comprising different parts of the actin-binding subdomain conjugated with the cell-penetrating peptide BP100 and with rhodamine B as a fluorescent reporter. Binding of this synthetic construct to actin efficiently induces programmed cell death. We discuss these findings in terms of a working model, where ginkbilobin can activate actin-dependent cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Gao
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute and DFG-Center of Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 2, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Parvesh Wadhwani
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Philipp Mühlhäuser
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Qiong Liu
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute and DFG-Center of Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 2, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Riemann
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute and DFG-Center of Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 2, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anne S Ulrich
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG-2), KIT, P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and CFN, KIT, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute and DFG-Center of Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstr. 2, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Krtková J, Benáková M, Schwarzerová K. Multifunctional Microtubule-Associated Proteins in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:474. [PMID: 27148302 PMCID: PMC4838777 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) are involved in key processes in plant cells, including cell division, growth and development. MT-interacting proteins modulate MT dynamics and organization, mediating functional and structural interaction of MTs with other cell structures. In addition to conventional microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) in plants, there are many other MT-binding proteins whose primary function is not related to the regulation of MTs. This review focuses on enzymes, chaperones, or proteins primarily involved in other processes that also bind to MTs. The MT-binding activity of these multifunctional MAPs is often performed only under specific environmental or physiological conditions, or they bind to MTs only as components of a larger MT-binding protein complex. The involvement of multifunctional MAPs in these interactions may underlie physiological and morphogenetic events, e.g., under specific environmental or developmental conditions. Uncovering MT-binding activity of these proteins, although challenging, may contribute to understanding of the novel functions of the MT cytoskeleton in plant biological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krtková
- Department of Biology, University of WashingtonSeattle, WA, USA
- Katerina Schwarzerová Lab, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in PraguePrague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Benáková
- Katerina Schwarzerová Lab, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in PraguePrague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec KrálovéRokitanského, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Schwarzerová
- Katerina Schwarzerová Lab, Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in PraguePrague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Takeuchi M, Karahara I, Kajimura N, Takaoka A, Murata K, Misaki K, Yonemura S, Staehelin LA, Mineyuki Y. Single microfilaments mediate the early steps of microtubule bundling during preprophase band formation in onion cotyledon epidermal cells. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:1809-20. [PMID: 27053663 PMCID: PMC4884071 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-12-0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The preprophase band (PPB) is a cytokinetic apparatus that determines the site of cell division in plants. It originates as a broad band of microtubules (MTs) in G2 and narrows to demarcate the future division site during late prophase. Studies with fluorescent probes have shown that PPBs contain F-actin during early stages of their development but become actin depleted in late prophase. Although this suggests that actins contribute to the early stages of PPB formation, how actins contribute to PPB-MT organization remains unsolved. To address this question, we used electron tomography to investigate the spatial relationship between microfilaments (MFs) and MTs at different stages of PPB assembly in onion cotyledon epidermal cells. We demonstrate that the PPB actins observed by fluorescence microscopy correspond to short, single MFs. A majority of the MFs are bound to MTs, with a subset forming MT-MF-MT bridging structures. During the later stages of PPB assembly, the MF-mediated links between MTs are displaced by MT-MT linkers as the PPB MT arrays mature into tightly packed MT bundles. On the basis of these observations, we propose that the primary function of actins during PPB formation is to mediate the initial bundling of the PPB MTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Himeji 671-2201, Japan Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ichirou Karahara
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Naoko Kajimura
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Akio Takaoka
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Ibaraki 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Murata
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuyo Misaki
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | | | - L Andrew Staehelin
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0347
| | - Yoshinobu Mineyuki
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Himeji 671-2201, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kaufholdt D, Baillie CK, Bikker R, Burkart V, Dudek CA, von Pein L, Rothkegel M, Mendel RR, Hänsch R. The molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis complex interacts with actin filaments via molybdenum insertase Cnx1 as anchor protein in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 244:8-18. [PMID: 26810449 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The pterin based molybdenum cofactor (Moco) plays an essential role in almost all organisms. Its biosynthesis is catalysed by six enzymes in a conserved four step reaction pathway. The last three steps are located in the cytoplasm, where a multimeric protein complex is formed to protect the intermediates from degradation. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation was used to test for cytoskeleton association of the Moco biosynthesis enzymes with actin filaments and microtubules using known cytoskeleton associated proteins, thus permitting non-invasive in vivo studies. Coding sequences of binding proteins were cloned via the GATEWAY system. No Moco biosynthesis enzyme showed any interaction with microtubules. However, alone the two domain protein Cnx1 exhibited interaction with actin filaments mediated by both domains with the Cnx1G domain displaying a stronger interaction. Cnx6 showed actin association only if unlabelled Cnx1 was co-expressed in comparable amounts. So Cnx1 is likely to be the anchor protein for the whole biosynthesis complex on actin filaments. A stabilization of the whole Moco biosynthesis complex on the cytoskeleton might be crucial. In addition a micro-compartmentation might either allow a localisation near the mitochondrial ATM3 exporter providing the first Moco intermediate or near one of the three molybdate transporters enabling efficient molybdate incorporation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Kaufholdt
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Humboldtstrasse 1, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Christin-Kirsty Baillie
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Humboldtstrasse 1, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Rolf Bikker
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Humboldtstrasse 1, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Valentin Burkart
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Humboldtstrasse 1, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Christian-Alexander Dudek
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Humboldtstrasse 1, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Linn von Pein
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Humboldtstrasse 1, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Martin Rothkegel
- Institut für Zoologie, Spielmannstrasse 7, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Ralf R Mendel
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Humboldtstrasse 1, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Robert Hänsch
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Humboldtstrasse 1, Technische Universität Braunschweig, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Buschmann H. Plant Cell Division Analyzed by Transient Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Tobacco BY-2 Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1370:17-25. [PMID: 26659951 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3142-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The continuing analysis of plant cell division will require additional protein localization studies. This is greatly aided by GFP-technology, but plant transformation and the maintenance of transgenic lines can present a significant technical bottleneck. In this chapter I describe a method for the Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of tobacco BY-2 cells. The method allows for the microscopic analysis of fluorescence-tagged proteins in dividing cells in within 2 days after starting a coculture. This transient transformation procedure requires only standard laboratory equipment. It is hoped that this rapid method would aid researchers conducting live-cell localization studies in plant mitosis and cytokinesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Buschmann
- Botany Department, School of Biology and Chemistry, Osnabrück University, Postfach 44 69, Osnabrück, 49069, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nakamoto M, Schmit AC, Heintz D, Schaller H, Ohta D. Diversification of sterol methyltransferase enzymes in plants and a role for β-sitosterol in oriented cell plate formation and polarized growth. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 84:860-74. [PMID: 26426526 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols are classified into C24-ethylsterols and C24-methylsterols according to the different C24-alkylation levels conferred by two types of sterol methyltransferases (SMTs). The first type of SMT (SMT1) is widely conserved, whereas the second type (SMT2) has diverged in charophytes and land plants. The Arabidopsis smt2 smt3 mutant is defective in the SMT2 step, leading to deficiency in C24-ethylsterols while the C24-methylsterol pathway is unchanged. smt2 smt3 plants exhibit severe dwarfism and abnormal development throughout their life cycle, with irregular cell division followed by collapsed cell files. Preprophase bands are occasionally formed in perpendicular directions in adjacent cells, and abnormal phragmoplasts with mislocalized KNOLLE syntaxin and tubulin are observed. Defects in auxin-dependent processes are exemplified by mislocalizations of the PIN2 auxin efflux carrier due to disrupted cell division and failure to distribute PIN2 asymmetrically after cytokinesis. Although endocytosis of PIN2-GFP from the plasma membrane (PM) is apparently unaffected in smt2 smt3, strong inhibition of the endocytic recycling is associated with a remarkable reduction in the level of PIN2-GFP on the PM. Aberrant localization of the cytoplasmic linker associated protein (CLASP) and microtubules is implicated in the disrupted endocytic recycling in smt2 smt3. Exogenous C24-ethylsterols partially recover lateral root development and auxin distribution in smt2 smt3 roots. These results indicate that C24-ethylsterols play a crucial role in division plane determination, directional auxin transport, and polar growth. It is proposed that the divergence of SMT2 genes together with the ability to produce C24-ethylsterols were critical events to achieve polarized growth in the plant lineage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Nakamoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 599-8531, Sakai, Japan
| | - Anne-Catherine Schmit
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, UPR2357, Conventionné Avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dimitri Heintz
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, UPR2357, Conventionné Avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hubert Schaller
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, UPR2357, Conventionné Avec l'Université de Strasbourg, 67084, Strasbourg, France
| | - Daisaku Ohta
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 599-8531, Sakai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Plant cytokinesis-No ring, no constriction but centrifugal construction of the partitioning membrane. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 53:10-8. [PMID: 26529278 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Plants have evolved a unique way of partitioning the cytoplasm of dividing cells: Instead of forming a contractile ring that constricts the plasma membrane, plant cells target membrane vesicles to the plane of division where the vesicles fuse with one another to form the partitioning membrane. Plant cytokinesis starts in the centre and progresses towards the periphery, culminating in the fusion of the partitioning membrane with the parental plasma membrane. This membrane dynamics is orchestrated by a specific cytoskeletal array named phragmoplast that originates from interzone spindle remnants. Here we review the properties of the process as well as molecules that play specific roles in that process.
Collapse
|
38
|
Buschmann H, Dols J, Kopischke S, Peña EJ, Andrade-Navarro MA, Heinlein M, Szymanski DB, Zachgo S, Doonan JH, Lloyd CW. Arabidopsis KCBP interacts with AIR9 but stays in the cortical division zone throughout mitosis via its MyTH4-FERM domain. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:2033-46. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.156570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The preprophase band of microtubules performs the crucial function of marking the plane of cell division. Although the preprophase band depolymerises at the onset of mitosis, the division plane is ‘memorized’ by a cortical division zone to which the phragmoplast is attracted during cytokinesis. Proteins have been discovered that are part of the molecular memory but little is known about how they contribute to phragmoplast guidance. Previously, we found that the microtubule-associated protein AIR9 is found in the cortical division zone at preprophase and returns during cell plate insertion but is absent from the cortex during the intervening mitosis. To identify new components of the preprophase memory, we searched for proteins that interact with AIR9. We detected the kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein, KCBP, which can be visualized at the predicted cortical site throughout division. A truncation study of KCBP indicates that its MyTH4-FERM domain is required for linking the motor domain to the cortex. These results suggest a mechanism by which minus-end-directed KCBP helps guide the centrifugally expanding phragmoplast to the cortical division site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Buschmann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Jacqueline Dols
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Sarah Kopischke
- Botanical Institute, Biology and Chemistry Department, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Eduardo J. Peña
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR2357 CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Manfred Heinlein
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR2357 CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Sabine Zachgo
- Botanical Institute, Biology and Chemistry Department, University of Osnabrück, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - John H. Doonan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Clive W. Lloyd
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Takahashi S, Kojo KH, Kutsuna N, Endo M, Toki S, Isoda H, Hasezawa S. Differential responses to high- and low-dose ultraviolet-B stress in tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:254. [PMID: 25954287 PMCID: PMC4404814 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-B irradiation leads to DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, growth inhibition, and cell death. To evaluate the UV-B stress-induced changes in plant cells, we developed a model system based on tobacco Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) cells. Both low-dose UV-B (low UV-B: 740 J m(-2)) and high-dose UV-B (high UV-B: 2960 J m(-2)) inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell death; these effects were more pronounced at high UV-B. Flow cytometry showed cell cycle arrest within 1 day after UV-B irradiation; neither low- nor high-UV-B-irradiated cells entered mitosis within 12 h. Cell cycle progression was gradually restored in low-UV-B-irradiated cells but not in high-UV-B-irradiated cells. UV-A irradiation, which activates cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) photolyase, reduced inhibition of cell proliferation by low but not high UV-B and suppressed high-UV-B-induced cell death. UV-B induced CPD formation in a dose-dependent manner. The amounts of CPDs decreased gradually within 3 days in low-UV-B-irradiated cells, but remained elevated after 3 days in high-UV-B-irradiated cells. Low UV-B slightly increased the number of DNA single-strand breaks detected by the comet assay at 1 day after irradiation, and then decreased at 2 and 3 days after irradiation. High UV-B increased DNA fragmentation detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay 1 and 3 days after irradiation. Caffeine, an inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) checkpoint kinases, reduced the rate of cell death in high-UV-B-irradiated cells. Our data suggest that low-UV-B-induced CPDs and/or DNA strand-breaks inhibit DNA replication and proliferation of BY-2 cells, whereas larger contents of high-UV-B-induced CPDs and/or DNA strand-breaks lead to cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Takahashi
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduated School of Frontier Sciences, The University of TokyoKashiwa, Japan
- Alliance for Research on North Africa, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Japan
- Ph. D. Program in Life Science Innovation, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Japan
| | - Kei H. Kojo
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduated School of Frontier Sciences, The University of TokyoKashiwa, Japan
- LPixel Inc.Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Natsumaro Kutsuna
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduated School of Frontier Sciences, The University of TokyoKashiwa, Japan
- LPixel Inc.Bunkyo-ku, Japan
| | - Masaki Endo
- Plant Genome Engineering Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukuba, Japan
| | - Seiichi Toki
- Plant Genome Engineering Research Unit, Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological SciencesTsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Alliance for Research on North Africa, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Japan
- Ph. D. Program in Life Science Innovation, University of TsukubaTsukuba, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Hasezawa
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduated School of Frontier Sciences, The University of TokyoKashiwa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lipka E, Herrmann A, Mueller S. Mechanisms of plant cell division. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2015; 4:391-405. [PMID: 25809139 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plant cells are confined by a network of cellulosic walls that imposes rigid control over the selection of division plane orientations, crucial for morphogenesis and genetically regulated. While in animal cells and yeast, the actin cytoskeleton is instrumental in the execution of cytokinesis, in plant cells the microtubule cytoskeleton is taking the lead in spatially controlling and executing cytokinesis by the formation of two unique, plant-specific arrays, the preprophase band (PPB) and the phragmoplast. The formation of microtubule arrays in plant cells is contingent on acentrosomal microtubule nucleation. At the onset of mitosis, the PPB defines the plane of cell division where the partitioning cell wall is later constructed by the cytokinetic phragmoplast, imposing a spatio-temporal relationship between the two processes. Current research progress in the field of plant cell division focuses on identifying and tying the links between early and late events in spatial control of cytokinesis and how microtubule array formation is regulated in plant cells.
Collapse
|
41
|
Hirakawa Y, Nomura T, Hasezawa S, Higaki T. Simplification of vacuole structure during plant cell death triggered by culture filtrates of Erwinia carotovora. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:127-35. [PMID: 25359592 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vacuoles are suggested to play crucial roles in plant defense-related cell death. During programmed cell death, previous live cell imaging studies have observed vacuoles to become simpler in structure and have implicated this simplification as a prelude to the vacuole's rupture and consequent lysis of the plasma membrane. Here, we examined dynamics of the vacuole in cell cycle-synchronized tobacco BY-2 (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow 2) cells during cell death induced by application of culture filtrates of Erwinia carotovora. The filtrate induced death in about 90% of the cells by 24 h. Prior to cell death, vacuole shape simplified and endoplasmic actin filaments disassembled; however, the vacuoles did not rupture until after plasma membrane integrity was lost. Instead of facilitating rupture, the simplification of vacuole structure might play a role in the retrieval of membrane components needed for defense-related cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Hirakawa
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li S, Sun T, Ren H. The functions of the cytoskeleton and associated proteins during mitosis and cytokinesis in plant cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:282. [PMID: 25964792 PMCID: PMC4410512 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In higher plants, microtubule (MT)-based, and actin filament (AF)-based structures play important roles in mitosis and cytokinesis. Besides the mitotic spindle, the evolution of a band comprising cortical MTs and AFs, namely, the preprophase band (PPB), is evident in plant cells. This band forecasts a specific division plane before the initiation of mitosis. During cytokinesis, another plant-specific cytoskeletal structure called the phragmoplast guides vesicles in the creation of a new cell wall. In addition, a number of cytoskeleton-associated proteins are reportedly involved in the formation and function of the PPB, mitotic spindle, and phragmoplast. This review summarizes current knowledge on the cytoskeleton-associated proteins that mediate the cytoskeletal arrays during mitosis and cytokinesis in plant cells and discusses the interaction between MTs and AFs involved in mitosis and cytokinesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haiyun Ren
- *Correspondence: Haiyun Ren, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, No.19, XinJieKouWai Street, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wu SZ, Bezanilla M. Myosin VIII associates with microtubule ends and together with actin plays a role in guiding plant cell division. eLife 2014; 3. [PMID: 25247701 PMCID: PMC4171706 DOI: 10.7554/elife.03498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant cells divide using the phragmoplast, a microtubule-based structure that directs vesicles secretion to the nascent cell plate. The phragmoplast forms at the cell center and expands to reach a specified site at the cell periphery, tens or hundreds of microns distant. The mechanism responsible for guiding the phragmoplast remains largely unknown. Here, using both moss and tobacco, we show that myosin VIII associates with the ends of phragmoplast microtubules and together with actin plays a role in guiding phragmoplast expansion to the cortical division site. Our data lead to a model whereby myosin VIII links phragmoplast microtubules to the cortical division site via actin filaments. Myosin VIII's motor activity along actin provides a molecular mechanism for steering phragmoplast expansion. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03498.001 Plant cells are surrounded by a membrane, which controls what enters and leaves the cell, and a cell wall, which provides rigidity. When a plant cell is ready to divide, it needs to produce two new cell membranes, with a new cell wall sandwiched between them, to split the cell contents into two daughter cells. During the division process the cell builds a scaffold called the phragmoplast that guides the delivery of the materials that are needed to make the new cell wall and membranes. The phragmoplast—which is made of rod-like proteins called microtubules and actin filaments—starts at the centre of the cell and expands towards a pre-determined site on the existing cell wall. The question is: how does the phragmoplast target this site, which can be tens or hundreds of microns away? Wu and Bezanilla have now found that a protein called myosin VIII has a central role in guiding the growing phragmoplast to the cell wall. Myosin VIII is a motor protein that moves along actin filaments. Wu and Bezanilla propose that myosin VIII can guide the expansion of the phragmoplast by pulling microtubules along the actin filaments. The experiments were carried out on two distantly-related plant species, tobacco and a moss called Physcomitrella patens. Similar results were found in both species so it is possible that myosin VIII may play the same role in cell division in all plants. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.03498.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Zon Wu
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, United States
| | - Magdalena Bezanilla
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Guan X, Buchholz G, Nick P. Actin marker lines in grapevine reveal a gatekeeper function of guard cells. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 171:1164-1173. [PMID: 24973589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to abiotic and biotic stress is a central topic for sustainable agriculture, especially in grapevine, one of the field crops with the highest economic output per acreage. As early cellular factors for plant defense, actin microfilaments (AF) are of high relevance. We therefore generated a transgenic actin marker line for grapevine by expressing a fusion protein between green fluorescent protein and the second actin-binding domain of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) fimbrin, AtFIM1. Based on this first cytoskeletal-marker line in grapevine, the response of AFs to phytopathogenic microorganisms could be followed in vivo. Upon inoculation with fluorescently labeled strains of phytopathogenic bacteria, actin responses were confined to the guard cells. In contrast, upon contact with zoospores of Plasmopara viticola, not only the guard cells, but also epidermal pavement cells, where no zoospores had attached responded with the formation of a perinuclear actin basket. Our data support the hypothesis that guard cells act as pacemakers of defense, dominating the responses of the remaining epidermal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guan
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 2, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany; College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, 400716 Chongqing, China.
| | - Günther Buchholz
- RLP AgroScience/AlPlanta - Institute for Plant Research, Breitenweg 71, D-67435 Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstraße 2, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lipka E, Gadeyne A, Stöckle D, Zimmermann S, De Jaeger G, Ehrhardt DW, Kirik V, Van Damme D, Müller S. The Phragmoplast-Orienting Kinesin-12 Class Proteins Translate the Positional Information of the Preprophase Band to Establish the Cortical Division Zone in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:2617-2632. [PMID: 24972597 PMCID: PMC4114955 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.124933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The preprophase band (PPB) is a faithful but transient predictor of the division plane in somatic cell divisions. Throughout mitosis the PPBs positional information is preserved by factors that continuously mark the division plane at the cell cortex, the cortical division zone, by their distinct spatio-temporal localization patterns. However, the mechanism maintaining these identity factors at the plasma membrane after PPB disassembly remains obscure. The pair of kinesin-12 class proteins PHRAGMOPLAST ORIENTING KINESIN1 (POK1) and POK2 are key players in division plane maintenance. Here, we show that POK1 is continuously present at the cell cortex, providing a spatial reference for the site formerly occupied by the PPB. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis combined with microtubule destabilization revealed dynamic microtubule-dependent recruitment of POK1 to the PPB during prophase, while POK1 retention at the cortical division zone in the absence of cortical microtubules appeared static. POK function is strictly required to maintain the division plane identity factor TANGLED (TAN) after PPB disassembly, although POK1 and TAN recruitment to the PPB occur independently during prophase. Together, our data suggest that POKs represent fundamental early anchoring components of the cortical division zone, translating and preserving the positional information of the PPB by maintaining downstream identity markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lipka
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, ZMBP, Developmental Genetics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Astrid Gadeyne
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Dorothee Stöckle
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, ZMBP, Developmental Genetics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Steffi Zimmermann
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, ZMBP, Developmental Genetics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - David W Ehrhardt
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Viktor Kirik
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790
| | - Daniel Van Damme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Gent, Belgium Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Sabine Müller
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, ZMBP, Developmental Genetics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Dyachok J, Sparks JA, Liao F, Wang YS, Blancaflor EB. Fluorescent protein-based reporters of the actin cytoskeleton in living plant cells: Fluorophore variant, actin binding domain, and promoter considerations. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2014; 71:311-27. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dyachok
- Plant Biology Division; The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation; Ardmore Oklahoma
| | - J. Alan Sparks
- Plant Biology Division; The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation; Ardmore Oklahoma
| | - Fuqi Liao
- Department of Computing Services; The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation; Ardmore Oklahoma
| | - Yuh-Shuh Wang
- Plant Signal Research Group; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu; Nooruse 1 Tartu 50411 Estonia
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Microtubule networks for plant cell division. SYSTEMS AND SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY 2014; 8:187-94. [PMID: 25136380 DOI: 10.1007/s11693-014-9142-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
During cytokinesis the cytoplasm of a cell is divided to form two daughter cells. In animal cells, the existing plasma membrane is first constricted and then abscised to generate two individual plasma membranes. Plant cells on the other hand divide by forming an interior dividing wall, the so-called cell plate, which is constructed by localized deposition of membrane and cell wall material. Construction starts in the centre of the cell at the locus of the mitotic spindle and continues radially towards the existing plasma membrane. Finally the membrane of the cell plate and plasma membrane fuse to form two individual plasma membranes. Two microtubule-based cytoskeletal networks, the phragmoplast and the pre-prophase band (PPB), jointly control cytokinesis in plants. The bipolar microtubule array of the phragmoplast regulates cell plate deposition towards a cortical position that is templated by the ring-shaped microtubule array of the PPB. In contrast to most animal cells, plants do not use centrosomes as foci of microtubule growth initiation. Instead, plant microtubule networks are striking examples of self-organizing systems that emerge from physically constrained interactions of dispersed microtubules. Here we will discuss how microtubule-based activities including growth, shrinkage, severing, sliding, nucleation and bundling interrelate to jointly generate the required ordered structures. Evidence mounts that adapter proteins sense the local geometry of microtubules to locally modulate the activity of proteins involved in microtubule growth regulation and severing. Many of the proteins and mechanisms involved have roles in other microtubule assemblies as well, bestowing broader relevance to insights gained from plants.
Collapse
|
48
|
Kojo KH, Yasuhara H, Hasezawa S. Time-sequential observation of spindle and phragmoplast orientation in BY-2 cells with altered cortical actin microfilament patterning. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e29579. [PMID: 25763632 PMCID: PMC4203532 DOI: 10.4161/psb.29579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Precise division plane determination is essential for plant development. At metaphase, a dense actin microfilament meshwork appears on both sides of the cell center, forming a characteristic cortical actin microfilament twin peak pattern in BY-2 cells. We previously reported a strong correlation between altered cortical actin microfilament patterning and an oblique mitotic spindle orientation, implying that these actin microfilament twin peaks play a role in the regulation of mitotic spindle orientation. In the present study, time-sequential observation was used to reveal the progression from oblique phragmoplast to oblique cell plate orientation in cells with altered cortical actin microfilament patterning. In contrast to cells with normal actin microfilament twin peaks, oblique phragmoplast reorientation was rarely observed in cells with altered cortical actin microfilament patterning. These results support the important roles of cortical actin microfilament patterning in division plane orientation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei H Kojo
- Department of Integrated Biosciences; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yasuhara
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology; Faculty of Chemistry; Materials and Bioengineering; Kansai University; Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Hasezawa
- Department of Integrated Biosciences; Graduate School of Frontier Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kühn S, Liu Q, Eing C, Frey W, Nick P. Nanosecond electric pulses affect a plant-specific kinesin at the plasma membrane. J Membr Biol 2013; 246:927-38. [PMID: 24062185 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-013-9594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electric pulses with high field strength and durations in the nanosecond range (nsPEFs) are of considerable interest for biotechnological and medical applications. However, their actual cellular site of action is still under debate--due to their extremely short rise times, nsPEFs are thought to act mainly in the cell interior rather than at the plasma membrane. On the other hand, nsPEFs can induce membrane permeability. We have revisited this issue using plant cells as a model. By mapping the cellular responses to nsPEFs of different field strength and duration in the tobacco BY-2 cell line, we could define a treatment that does not impinge on short-term viability, such that the physiological responses to the treatment can be followed. We observe, for these conditions, a mild disintegration of the cytoskeleton, impaired membrane localization of the PIN1 auxin-efflux transporter and a delayed premitotic nuclear positioning followed by a transient mitotic arrest. To address the target site of nsPEFs, we made use of the plant-specific KCH kinesin, which can assume two different states with different localization (either near the nucleus or at the cell membrane) driving different cellular functions. We show that nsPEFs reduce cell expansion in nontransformed cells but promote expansion in a line overexpressing KCH. Since cell elongation and cell widening are linked to the KCH localized at the cell membrane, the inverted response in the KCH overexpressor provides evidence for a direct action of nsPEFs, also at the cell membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kühn
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 2, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kojo KH, Higaki T, Kutsuna N, Yoshida Y, Yasuhara H, Hasezawa S. Roles of cortical actin microfilament patterning in division plane orientation in plants. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:1491-503. [PMID: 23825219 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In land plant cells, division planes are precisely predicted by the microtubule preprophase band and cortical actin microfilament pattern called the actin-depleted zone or actin microfilament twin peaks. However, the function of cortical actin microfilament patterning is not clear. In this study, we report that treatment with the inhibitor 2,3,5-triiodobenzonic acid (TIBA) or jasplakinolide increased the amount of thick actin microfilaments in tobacco BY-2 cells at interphase. However, during the division of BY-2 cells, these inhibitors did not induce visible alteration of actin microfilament thickness but altered cortical actin microfilament patterning without significant disorganization of the microtubule preprophase band. TIBA treatment induced a single intensity peak of actin microfilament distribution around the cell center, whereas jasplakinolide caused the appearance of triple peaks relative to the distribution of actin microfilament around the cell center, in approximately one-third of the cells at metaphase. Dual observations of microtubules and actin microfilaments revealed that abnormal cortical actin microfilament patterning with single or triple peaks is correlated with oblique mitotic spindles in BY-2 cells. In addition, oblique cell plates were frequently observed in BY-2 cells and Arabidopsis thaliana root cells treated with TIBA or jasplakinolide. These results provide evidence for the critical roles of cortical actin microfilament patterning in spindle and cell plate orientation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei H Kojo
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562 Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|