1
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van Hooren M, Darwish E, Munnik T. Stress- and phospholipid signalling responses in Arabidopsis PLC4-KO and -overexpression lines under salt- and osmotic stress. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 216:113862. [PMID: 37734512 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Several drought and salt tolerant phenotypes have been reported when overexpressing (OE) phospholipase C (PLC) genes across plant species. In contrast, a negative role for Arabidopsis PLC4 in salinity stress was recently proposed, showing that roots of PLC4-OE seedlings were more sensitive to NaCl while plc4 knock-out (KO) mutants were more tolerant. To investigate this apparent contradiction, and to analyse the phospholipid signalling responses associated with salinity stress, we performed root growth- and phospholipid analyses on plc4-KO and PLC4-OE seedlings subjected to salinity (NaCl) or osmotic (sorbitol) stress and compared these with wild type (WT). Only very minor differences between PLC4 mutants and WT were observed, which even disappeared after normalization of the data, while in soil, PLC4-OE plants were clearly more drought tolerant than WT plants, as was found earlier when overexpressing Arabidopsis PLC2, -3, -5, -7 or -9. We conclude that PLC4 plays no opposite role in salt-or osmotic stress and rather behaves like the other Arabidopsis PLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max van Hooren
- Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 1210, 1000, BE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Essam Darwish
- Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 1210, 1000, BE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Teun Munnik
- Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 1210, 1000, BE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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2
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Wang T, Li X, Liu N, Yang Y, Gong Q. TurboID-based proximity labelling reveals a connection between VPS34 and cellular homeostasis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 289:154100. [PMID: 37748420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Unlike animals, plants and yeasts only have a class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3KC3). Its lipid product, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns-3-P, PI3P), organizes intracellular trafficking routes such as autophagosome formation, multivesicular body (MVB) formation, retro-transport from trans-Golgi network (TGN) to late Golgi, and the fusion events between autophagosomes and MVBs and the vacuole. The catalytic subunit of plant PI3KC3 is encoded by the essential gene Vacuolar Protein Sorting 34 (VPS34). Despite the importance of VPS34 in cellular homeostasis and plant development, a VPS34 interactome is lacking. Here we employed TurboID, an enzyme-catalyzed proximity labelling (PL) method, to describe a proximal interactome of Arabidopsis VPS34. TurboID catalyzed spatially restricted biotinylation and enabled VPS34-specific enrichment of 273 proteins from affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry. The interactome confirmed known functions of VPS34 in endo-lysosomal trafficking. Intriguingly, carbohydrate metabolism was the most enriched Gene Ontology (GO) term, including glycolytic enzymes in the triose portion and enzymes functioning in chloroplast triose export and sucrose biosynthesis. The interaction between VPS34 and the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, GAPC1/2) was validated in planta. Also verified was the interaction between VPS34 and the plasma membrane H+-ATPase AHA2, a primary determinant of membrane potential. Our study links PI3KC3 to carbohydrate metabolism and membrane potential, two key processes that maintain cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Xinjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Ningjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Qingqiu Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism & Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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3
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Zhang J, Diao F, Hao B, Xu L, Jia B, Hou Y, Ding S, Guo W. Multiomics reveals Claroideoglomus etunicatum regulates plant hormone signal transduction, photosynthesis and La compartmentalization in maize to promote growth under La stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115128. [PMID: 37315361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) have been widely used in traditional and high-tech fields, and high doses of REEs are considered a risk to the ecosystem. Although the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in promoting host resistance to heavy metal (HM) stress has been well documented, the molecular mechanism by which AMF symbiosis enhances plant tolerance to REEs is still unclear. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the molecular mechanism by which the AMF Claroideoglomus etunicatum promotes maize (Zea mays) seedling tolerance to lanthanum (La) stress (100 mg·kg-1 La). C. etunicatum symbiosis significantly improved maize seedling growth, P and La uptake and photosynthesis. Transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome analyses performed alone and together revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to auxin /indole-3-acetic acid (AUX/IAA) and the DEGs and differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) related to ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (Nramp6), vacuoles and vesicles were upregulated. In contrast, photosynthesis-related DEGs and DEPs were downregulated, and 1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate (PI(3)P) was more abundant under C. etunicatum symbiosis. C. etunicatum symbiosis can promote plant growth by increasing P uptake, regulating plant hormone signal transduction, photosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways and enhancing La transport and compartmentalization in vacuoles and vesicles. The results provide new insights into the promotion of plant REE tolerance by AMF symbiosis and the possibility of utilizing AMF-maize interactions in REE phytoremediation and recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxia Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Environment, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Fengwei Diao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Baihui Hao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Service Support Center, Ecology and Environmental Department of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Bingbing Jia
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yazhou Hou
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Shengli Ding
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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4
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Béziat C, Jaillais Y. Should I stay or should I go: the functional importance and regulation of lipid diffusion in biological membranes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2479-2488. [PMID: 36738265 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes are highly dynamic, in particular due to the constant exchange of vesicles between the different compartments of the cell. In addition, the dynamic nature of membranes is also caused by their inherently fluid properties, with the diffusion of both proteins and lipids within their leaflets. Lipid diffusion is particularly difficult to study in vivo but recent advances in optical microscopy and lipid visualization now enable the characterization of lipid lateral motion, and here we review these methods in plants. We then discuss the parameters that affect lipid diffusion in membranes and explore their consequences on the formation of membrane domains at different scales. Finally, we consider how controlled lipid diffusion affects membrane functions during cell signaling, development, and environmental interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Béziat
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
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5
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Yan H, Zhuang M, Xu X, Li S, Yang M, Li N, Du X, Hu K, Peng X, Huang W, Wu H, Tse YC, Zhao L, Wang H. Autophagy and its mediated mitochondrial quality control maintain pollen tube growth and male fertility in Arabidopsis. Autophagy 2023; 19:768-783. [PMID: 35786359 PMCID: PMC9980518 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2095838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy, a major catabolic pathway in eukaryotes, participates in plant sexual reproduction including the processes of male gametogenesis and the self-incompatibility response. Rapid pollen tube growth is another essential reproductive process that is metabolically highly demanding to drive the vigorous cell growth for delivery of male gametes for fertilization in angiosperms. Whether and how autophagy operates to maintain the homeostasis of pollen tubes remains unknown. Here, we provide evidence that autophagy is elevated in growing pollen tubes and critically required during pollen tube growth and male fertility in Arabidopsis. We demonstrate that SH3P2, a critical non-ATG regulator of plant autophagy, colocalizes with representative ATG proteins during autophagosome biogenesis in growing pollen tubes. Downregulation of SH3P2 expression significantly disrupts Arabidopsis pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Further analysis of organelle dynamics reveals crosstalk between autophagosomes and prevacuolar compartments following the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In addition, time-lapse imaging and tracking of ATG8e-labeled autophagosomes and depolarized mitochondria demonstrate that they interact specifically via the ATG8-family interacting motif (AIM)-docking site to mediate mitophagy. Ultrastructural identification of mitophagosomes and two additional forms of autophagosomes imply that multiple types of autophagy are likely to function simultaneously within pollen tubes. Altogether, our results suggest that autophagy is functionally crucial for mediating mitochondrial quality control and canonical cytoplasm recycling during pollen tube growth.Abbreviations: AIM: ATG8-family interacting motif; ATG8: autophagy related 8; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; BTH: acibenzolar-S-methyl; DEX: dexamethasone; DNP: 2,4-dinitrophenol; GFP: green fluorescent protein; YFP: yellow fluorescent protein; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PVC: prevacuolar compartment; SH3P2: SH3 domain-containing protein 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Menglong Zhuang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingkang Yang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou null China
| | - Nianle Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kangwei Hu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaomin Peng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou null China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou null China
| | - Yu Chung Tse
- Core Research Facilities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lifeng Zhao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
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6
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Lu X, Yang Z, Song W, Miao J, Zhao H, Ji P, Li T, Si J, Yin Z, Jing M, Shen D, Dou D. The Phytophthora sojae effector PsFYVE1 modulates immunity-related gene expression by targeting host RZ-1A protein. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:925-945. [PMID: 36461945 PMCID: PMC9922423 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oomycete pathogens secrete numerous effectors to manipulate plant immunity and promote infection. However, relatively few effector types have been well characterized. In this study, members of an FYVE domain-containing protein family that are highly expanded in oomycetes were systematically identified, and one secreted protein, PsFYVE1, was selected for further study. PsFYVE1 enhanced Phytophthora capsici infection in Nicotiana benthamiana and was necessary for Phytophthora sojae virulence. The FYVE domain of PsFYVE1 had PI3P-binding activity that depended on four conserved amino acid residues. Furthermore, PsFYVE1 targeted RNA-binding proteins RZ-1A/1B/1C in N. benthamiana and soybean (Glycine max), and silencing of NbRZ-1A/1B/1C genes attenuated plant immunity. NbRZ-1A was associated with the spliceosome complex that included three important components, glycine-rich RNA-binding protein 7 (NbGRP7), glycine-rich RNA-binding protein 8 (NbGRP8), and a specific component of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (NbU1-70K). Notably, PsFYVE1 disrupted NbRZ-1A-NbGRP7 interaction. RNA-seq and subsequent experimental analysis demonstrated that PsFYVE1 and NbRZ-1A not only modulated pre-mRNA alternative splicing (AS) of the necrotic spotted lesions 1 (NbNSL1) gene, but also co-regulated transcription of hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (NbHCT), ethylene insensitive 2 (NbEIN2), and sucrose synthase 4 (NbSUS4) genes, which participate in plant immunity. Collectively, these findings indicate that the FYVE domain-containing protein family includes potential uncharacterized effector types and also highlight that plant pathogen effectors can regulate plant immunity-related genes at both AS and transcription levels to promote disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zitong Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wen Song
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinlu Miao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hanqing Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peiyun Ji
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tianli Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jierui Si
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yin
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Danyu Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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7
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Pexophagy suppresses ROS-induced damage in leaf cells under high-intensity light. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7493. [PMID: 36470866 PMCID: PMC9722907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although light is essential for photosynthesis, it has the potential to elevate intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since high ROS levels are cytotoxic, plants must alleviate such damage. However, the cellular mechanism underlying ROS-induced leaf damage alleviation in peroxisomes was not fully explored. Here, we show that autophagy plays a pivotal role in the selective removal of ROS-generating peroxisomes, which protects plants from oxidative damage during photosynthesis. We present evidence that autophagy-deficient mutants show light intensity-dependent leaf damage and excess aggregation of ROS-accumulating peroxisomes. The peroxisome aggregates are specifically engulfed by pre-autophagosomal structures and vacuolar membranes in both leaf cells and isolated vacuoles, but they are not degraded in mutants. ATG18a-GFP and GFP-2×FYVE, which bind to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, preferentially target the peroxisomal membranes and pre-autophagosomal structures near peroxisomes in ROS-accumulating cells under high-intensity light. Our findings provide deeper insights into the plant stress response caused by light irradiation.
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8
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Yang Y, Niu Y, Chen T, Zhang H, Zhang J, Qian D, Bi M, Fan Y, An L, Xiang Y. The phospholipid flippase ALA3 regulates pollen tube growth and guidance in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:3718-3736. [PMID: 35861414 PMCID: PMC9516151 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube guidance regulates the growth direction and ovule targeting of pollen tubes in pistils, which is crucial for the completion of sexual reproduction in flowering plants. The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) pollen-specific receptor kinase (PRK) family members PRK3 and PRK6 are specifically tip-localized and essential for pollen tube growth and guidance. However, the mechanisms controlling the polar localization of PRKs at the pollen tube tip are unclear. The Arabidopsis P4-ATPase ALA3 helps establish the polar localization of apical phosphatidylserine (PS) in pollen tubes. Here, we discovered that loss of ALA3 function caused pollen tube defects in growth and ovule targeting and significantly affected the polar localization pattern of PRK3 and PRK6. Both PRK3 and PRK6 contain two polybasic clusters in the intracellular juxtamembrane domain, and they bound to PS in vitro. PRK3 and PRK6 with polybasic cluster mutations showed reduced or abolished binding to PS and altered polar localization patterns, and they failed to effectively complement the pollen tube-related phenotypes of prk mutants. These results suggest that ALA3 influences the precise localization of PRK3, PRK6, and other PRKs by regulating the distribution of PS, which plays a key role in regulating pollen tube growth and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jingxia Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Dong Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Mengmeng Bi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuemin Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lizhe An
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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9
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Heilmann M, Heilmann I. Regulators regulated: Different layers of control for plasma membrane phosphoinositides in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 67:102218. [PMID: 35504191 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The membranes of plant cells serve diverse physiological roles, which are defined largely by the localized and dynamic recruitment of proteins. Signaling lipids, such as phosphoinositides, can aid protein recruitment to the plasma membrane via specific recognition of their head groups and influence vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal dynamics and other processes, with ramifications for plant tissue architecture and development. Phosphoinositide abundance is dynamically regulated. Recent advances indicate various levels of control during development or upon environmental triggers, including transcriptional or posttranslational regulation of enzymes balancing biogenesis and degradation, or the nano-organization of membranes into self-organizing physiologically distinct microenvironments. As patterns of interlinked mechanisms emerge, the horizons of what we do not understand become more and more defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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10
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Lin F, Zheng J, Xie Y, Jing W, Zhang Q, Zhang W. Emerging roles of phosphoinositide-associated membrane trafficking in plant stress responses. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:726-734. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Mallery EL, Yanagisawa M, Zhang C, Lee Y, Robles LM, Alonso JM, Szymanski DB. Tandem C2 domains mediate dynamic organelle targeting of a DOCK family guanine nucleotide exchange factor. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275003. [PMID: 35194638 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organisms use DOCK family guanine nucleotide exchange factors to activate Rac/Rho-of-Plants small GTPases and coordinate cell shape change. In developing tissues, DOCK signals integrate cell-cell interactions with cytoskeleton remodeling, and the GEFs cluster reversibly at specific organelle surfaces to orchestrate cytoskeletal reorganization. The domain organizations among DOCK orthologs are diverse, and the mechanisms of localization control are poorly understood. Here we use combinations of transgene complementation and live cell imaging assays to uncover an evolutionarily conserved and essential localization determinant in the DOCK-GEF named SPIKE1. The SPIKE1-DHR3 domain is sufficient for organelle association in vivo, and displays a complicated lipid binding selectivity for both phospholipid head groups and fatty acid chain saturation. SPIKE1-DHR3 is predicted to adopt a C2-domain structure and functions as part of tandem C2 array that enables reversible clustering at the cell apex. This work provides mechanistic insight into how DOCK GEFs sense compositional and biophysical membrane properties at the interface of two organelle systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen L Mallery
- Departments of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Makoto Yanagisawa
- Departments of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- Departments of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Youngwoo Lee
- Departments of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Linda M Robles
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jose M Alonso
- Department of Plant & Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Daniel B Szymanski
- Departments of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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12
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Hassing B, Candy A, Eaton CJ, Fernandes TR, Mesarich CH, Di Pietro A, Scott B. Localisation of phosphoinositides in the grass endophyte Epichloë festucae and genetic and functional analysis of key components of their biosynthetic pathway in E. festucae symbiosis and Fusarium oxysporum pathogenesis. Fungal Genet Biol 2022; 159:103669. [PMID: 35114379 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2022.103669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides (PI) are essential components of eukaryotic membranes and function in a large number of signaling processes. While lipid second messengers are well studied in mammals and yeast, their role in filamentous fungi is poorly understood. We used fluorescent PI-binding molecular probes to localize the phosphorylated phosphatidylinositol species PI[3]P, PI[3,5]P2, PI[4]P and PI[4,5]P2 in hyphae of the endophyte Epichloë festucae in axenic culture and during interaction with its grass host Lolium perenne. We also analysed the roles of the phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase MssD and the predicted phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate 3-phosphatase TepA, a homolog of the mammalian tumour suppressor protein PTEN. Deletion of tepA in E. festucae and in the root-infecting tomato pathogen Fusarium oxysporum had no impact on growth in culture or the host interaction phenotype. However, this mutation did enable the detection of PI[3,4,5]P3 in septa and mycelium of E. festucae and showed that TepA is required for chemotropism in F. oxysporum. The identification of PI[3,4,5]P3 in ΔtepA strains suggests that filamentous fungi are able to generate PI[3,4,5]P3 and that fungal PTEN homologs are functional lipid phosphatases. The F. oxysporum chemotropism defect suggests a conserved role of PTEN homologs in chemotaxis across protists, fungi and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Hassing
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Bio-Protection Research Centre, New Zealand
| | - Alyesha Candy
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Bio-Protection Research Centre, New Zealand
| | - Carla J Eaton
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Bio-Protection Research Centre, New Zealand
| | - Tania R Fernandes
- Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carl H Mesarich
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, New Zealand; School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Antonio Di Pietro
- Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Barry Scott
- School of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand; Bio-Protection Research Centre, New Zealand.
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13
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Yang Y, Zhao Y, Zheng W, Zhao Y, Zhao S, Wang Q, Bai L, Zhang T, Huang S, Song C, Yuan M, Guo Y. Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate regulates SCAB1-mediated F-actin reorganization during stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:477-494. [PMID: 34850207 PMCID: PMC8773959 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Stomatal movement is critical for plant responses to environmental changes and is regulated by the important signaling molecule phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P). However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process is not well understood. In this study, we show that PI3P binds to stomatal closure-related actin-binding protein1 (SCAB1), a plant-specific F-actin-binding and -bundling protein, and inhibits the oligomerization of SCAB1 to regulate its activity on F-actin in guard cells during stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. SCAB1 binds specifically to PI3P, but not to other phosphoinositides. Treatment with wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphoinositide kinase that generates PI3P, leads to an increase of the intermolecular interaction and oligomerization of SCAB1, stabilization of F-actin, and retardation of F-actin reorganization during abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure. When the binding activity of SCAB1 to PI3P is abolished, the mutated proteins do not rescue the stability and realignment of F-actin regulated by SCAB1 and the stomatal closure in the scab1 mutant. The expression of PI3P biosynthesis genes is consistently induced when the plants are exposed to drought and ABA treatments. Furthermore, the binding of PI3P to SCAB1 is also required for vacuolar remodeling during stomatal closure. Our results illustrate a PI3P-regulated pathway during ABA-induced stomatal closure, which involves the mediation of SCAB1 activity in F-actin reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yang Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhao
- Key Life Science College, Laboratory of Plant Stress, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Qiannan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Bai
- College of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tianren Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shanjin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Henan Province, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
| | - Ming Yuan
- College of Biological Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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14
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Colin L, Martin-Arevalillo R, Bovio S, Bauer A, Vernoux T, Caillaud MC, Landrein B, Jaillais Y. Imaging the living plant cell: From probes to quantification. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:247-272. [PMID: 34586412 PMCID: PMC8774089 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
At the center of cell biology is our ability to image the cell and its various components, either in isolation or within an organism. Given its importance, biological imaging has emerged as a field of its own, which is inherently highly interdisciplinary. Indeed, biologists rely on physicists and engineers to build new microscopes and imaging techniques, chemists to develop better imaging probes, and mathematicians and computer scientists for image analysis and quantification. Live imaging collectively involves all the techniques aimed at imaging live samples. It is a rapidly evolving field, with countless new techniques, probes, and dyes being continuously developed. Some of these new methods or reagents are readily amenable to image plant samples, while others are not and require specific modifications for the plant field. Here, we review some recent advances in live imaging of plant cells. In particular, we discuss the solutions that plant biologists use to live image membrane-bound organelles, cytoskeleton components, hormones, and the mechanical properties of cells or tissues. We not only consider the imaging techniques per se, but also how the construction of new fluorescent probes and analysis pipelines are driving the field of plant cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leia Colin
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Raquel Martin-Arevalillo
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Simone Bovio
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
- LYMIC-PLATIM imaging and microscopy core facility, Univ Lyon, SFR Biosciences, ENS de Lyon, Inserm US8, CNRS UMS3444, UCBL-50 Avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Amélie Bauer
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Teva Vernoux
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Cecile Caillaud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Benoit Landrein
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France
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15
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Mao Y, Tan S. Functions and Mechanisms of SAC Phosphoinositide Phosphatases in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:803635. [PMID: 34975993 PMCID: PMC8717918 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.803635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) is one type of phospholipid comprising an inositol head group and two fatty acid chains covalently linked to the diacylglycerol group. In addition to their roles as compositions of cell membranes, phosphorylated PtdIns derivatives, termed phosphoinositides, execute a wide range of regulatory functions. PtdIns can be phosphorylated by various lipid kinases at 3-, 4- and/or 5- hydroxyls of the inositol ring, and the phosphorylated forms, including PtdIns3P, PtdIns4P, PtdIns5P, PtdIns(3,5)P2, PtdIns(4,5)P2, can be reversibly dephosphorylated by distinct lipid phosphatases. Amongst many other types, the SUPPRESSOR OF ACTIN (SAC) family of phosphoinositide phosphatases recently emerged as important regulators in multiple growth and developmental processes in plants. Here, we review recent advances on the biological functions, cellular activities, and molecular mechanisms of SAC domain-containing phosphoinositide phosphatases in plants. With a focus on those studies in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana together with progresses in other plants, we highlight the important roles of subcellular localizations and substrate preferences of various SAC isoforms in their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Molecular and Cell Biophysics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shutang Tan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, School of Life Sciences, Division of Molecular and Cell Biophysics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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16
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Li L, Li N, Qi X, Bai Y, Chen Q, Fang H, Yu X, Liu D, Liang C, Zhou Y. Characterization of the Glehnia littoralis Non-specific Phospholipase C Gene GlNPC3 and Its Involvement in the Salt Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:769599. [PMID: 34956268 PMCID: PMC8695444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.769599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glehnia littoralis is a medicinal halophyte that inhabits sandy beaches and has high ecological and commercial value. However, the molecular mechanism of salt adaptation in G. littoralis remains largely unknown. Here, we cloned and identified a non-specific phospholipase C gene (GlNPC3) from G. littoralis, which conferred lipid-mediated signaling during the salt stress response. The expression of GlNPC3 was induced continuously by salt treatment. Overexpression of GlNPC3 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased salt tolerance compared to wild-type (WT) plants. GlNPC3-overexpressing plants had longer roots and higher fresh and dry masses under the salt treatment. The GlNPC3 expression pattern revealed that the gene was expressed in most G. littoralis tissues, particularly in roots. The subcellular localization of GlNPC3 was mainly at the plasma membrane, and partially at the tonoplast. GlNPC3 hydrolyzed common membrane phospholipids, such as phosphotidylserine (PS), phosphoethanolamine (PE), and phosphocholine (PC). In vitro enzymatic assay showed salt-induced total non-specific phospholipase C (NPC) activation in A. thaliana GlNPC3-overexpressing plants. Plant lipid profiling showed a significant change in the membrane-lipid composition of A. thaliana GlNPC3-overexpressing plants compared to WT after the salt treatment. Furthermore, downregulation of GlNPC3 expression by virus-induced gene silencing in G. littoralis reduced the expression levels of some stress-related genes, such as SnRK2, P5SC5, TPC1, and SOS1. Together, these results indicated that GlNPC3 and GlNPC3-mediated membrane lipid change played a positive role in the response of G. littoralis to a saline environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Naiwei Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiwu Qi
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Qiutong Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Hailing Fang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Yu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
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17
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Matsumoto H, Kimata Y, Higaki T, Higashiyama T, Ueda M. Dynamic Rearrangement and Directional Migration of Tubular Vacuoles are Required for the Asymmetric Division of the Arabidopsis Zygote. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:1280-1289. [PMID: 34077537 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In most flowering plants, the asymmetric cell division of zygotes is the initial step that establishes the apical-basal axis. In the Arabidopsis zygote, vacuolar accumulation at the basal cell end is crucial to ensure zygotic division asymmetry. Despite the importance, it was unclear whether this polar vacuolar distribution was achieved by predominant biogenesis at the basal region or by directional movement after biogenesis. Here, we found that apical and basal vacuolar contents are dynamically exchanged via a tubular vacuolar network and the vacuoles gradually migrate toward the basal end. The mutant of a vacuolar membrane protein, SHOOT GRAVITROPISM2 (SGR2), failed to form tubular vacuoles, and the mutant of a putative vacuolar fusion factor, VESICLE TRANSPORT THROUGH INTERACTION WITH T-SOLUBLE N-ETHYLMALEIMIDE-SENSITIVE FUSION PROTEIN ATTACHMENT PROTEIN RECEPTORS (SNARES) 11 (VTI11), could not flexibly rearrange the vacuolar network. Both mutants failed to exchange the apical and basal vacuolar contents and to polarly migrate the vacuoles, resulting in a more symmetric division of zygotes. Additionally, we observed that in contrast to sgr2, the zygotic defects of vti11 were rescued by the pharmacological depletion of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P), a distinct phospholipid in the vacuolar membrane. Thus, SGR2 and VTI11 have individual sites of action in zygotic vacuolar membrane processes. Further, a mutant of YODA (YDA) mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, a core component of the embryonic axis formation pathway, generated the proper vacuolar network; however, it failed to migrate the vacuoles toward the basal region, which suggests impaired directional cues. Overall, we conclude that SGR2- and VTI11-dependent vacuolar exchange and YDA-mediated directional migration are necessary to achieve polar vacuolar distribution in the zygote.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kimata
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Minako Ueda
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Suntory Rising Stars Encouragement Program in Life Sciences (SunRiSE)
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18
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Han X, Yang Y. Phospholipids in Salt Stress Response. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102204. [PMID: 34686013 PMCID: PMC8540237 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
High salinity threatens crop production by harming plants and interfering with their development. Plant cells respond to salt stress in various ways, all of which involve multiple components such as proteins, peptides, lipids, sugars, and phytohormones. Phospholipids, important components of bio-membranes, are small amphoteric molecular compounds. These have attracted significant attention in recent years due to the regulatory effect they have on cellular activity. Over the past few decades, genetic and biochemical analyses have partly revealed that phospholipids regulate salt stress response by participating in salt stress signal transduction. In this review, we summarize the generation and metabolism of phospholipid phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphoinositides (PIs), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG), as well as the regulatory role each phospholipid plays in the salt stress response. We also discuss the possible regulatory role based on how they act during other cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Han
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China;
| | - Yongqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-62732030
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19
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Ito Y, Esnay N, Fougère L, Platre MP, Cordelières F, Jaillais Y, Boutté Y. Inhibition of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids Synthesis Mediates PI3P Homeostasis at Endosomal Compartments. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168450. [PMID: 34445155 PMCID: PMC8395082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A main characteristic of sphingolipids is the presence of a very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) whose function in cellular processes is not yet fully understood. VLCFAs of sphingolipids are involved in the intracellular traffic to the vacuole and the maturation of early endosomes into late endosomes is one of the major pathways for vacuolar traffic. Additionally, the anionic phospholipid phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns (3)P or PI3P) is involved in protein sorting and recruitment of small GTPase effectors at late endosomes/multivesicular bodies (MVBs) during vacuolar trafficking. In contrast to animal cells, PI3P mainly localizes to late endosomes in plant cells and to a minor extent to a discrete sub-domain of the plant's early endosome (EE)/trans-Golgi network (TGN) where the endosomal maturation occurs. However, the mechanisms that control the relative levels of PI3P between TGN and MVBs are unknown. Using metazachlor, an inhibitor of VLCFA synthesis, we found that VLCFAs are involved in the TGN/MVB distribution of PI3P. This effect is independent from either synthesis of PI3P by PI3-kinase or degradation of PI(3,5)P2 into PI3P by the SUPPRESSOR OF ACTIN1 (SAC1) phosphatase. Using high-resolution live cell imaging microscopy, we detected transient associations between TGNs and MVBs but VLCFAs are not involved in those interactions. Nonetheless, our results suggest that PI3P might be transferable from TGN to MVBs and that VLCFAs act in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ito
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (Y.I.); (N.E.); (L.F.)
| | - Nicolas Esnay
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (Y.I.); (N.E.); (L.F.)
- BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Louise Fougère
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (Y.I.); (N.E.); (L.F.)
| | - Matthieu Pierre Platre
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon1, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France; (M.P.P.); (Y.J.)
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory and Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Fabrice Cordelières
- Bordeaux Imaging Center, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon1, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France; (M.P.P.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yohann Boutté
- Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (Y.I.); (N.E.); (L.F.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Zhou Y, Yang K, Yan Q, Wang X, Cheng M, Si J, Xue X, Shen D, Jing M, Tyler BM, Dou D. Targeting of anti-microbial proteins to the hyphal surface amplifies protection of crop plants against Phytophthora pathogens. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:1391-1403. [PMID: 33965632 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora pathogens are a persistent threat to the world's commercially important agricultural crops, including potato and soybean. Current strategies aim at reducing crop losses rely mostly on disease-resistance breeding and chemical pesticides, which can be frequently overcome by the rapid adaptive evolution of pathogens. Transgenic crops with intrinsic disease resistance offer a promising alternative and continue to be developed. Here, we explored Phytophthora-derived PI3P (phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate) as a novel control target, using proteins that bind this lipid to direct secreted anti-microbial peptides and proteins (AMPs) to the surface of Phytophthora pathogens. In transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana, soybean, and potato plants, significantly enhanced resistance to different pathogen isolates was achieved by expression of two AMPs (GAFP1 or GAFP3 from the Chinese medicinal herb Gastrodia elata) fused with a PI3P-specific binding domain (FYVE). Using the soybean pathogen P. sojae as an example, we demonstrated that the FYVE domain could boost the activities of GAFPs in multiple independent assays, including those performed in vitro, in vivo, and in planta. Mutational analysis of P. sojae PI3K1 and PI3K2 genes of this pathogen confirmed that the enhanced activities of the targeted GAFPs were correlated with PI3P levels in the pathogen. Collectively, our study provides a new strategy that could be used to confer resistance not only to Phytophthora pathogens in many plants but also potentially to many other kinds of plant pathogens with unique targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jierui Si
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xue Xue
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Danyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Maofeng Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Brett M Tyler
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing and Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Daolong Dou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, College of Plant Protection, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China.
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21
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de Jong F, Munnik T. Attracted to membranes: lipid-binding domains in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:707-723. [PMID: 33793907 PMCID: PMC8133573 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Membranes are essential for cells and organelles to function. As membranes are impermeable to most polar and charged molecules, they provide electrochemical energy to transport molecules across and create compartmentalized microenvironments for specific enzymatic and cellular processes. Membranes are also responsible for guided transport of cargoes between organelles and during endo- and exocytosis. In addition, membranes play key roles in cell signaling by hosting receptors and signal transducers and as substrates and products of lipid second messengers. Anionic lipids and their specific interaction with target proteins play an essential role in these processes, which are facilitated by specific lipid-binding domains. Protein crystallography, lipid-binding studies, subcellular localization analyses, and computer modeling have greatly advanced our knowledge over the years of how these domains achieve precision binding and what their function is in signaling and membrane trafficking, as well as in plant development and stress acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke de Jong
- Cluster Green Life Sciences, Section Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Teun Munnik
- Cluster Green Life Sciences, Section Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Author for communication:
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22
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Dubois GA, Jaillais Y. Anionic phospholipid gradients: an uncharacterized frontier of the plant endomembrane network. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:577-592. [PMID: 33793905 PMCID: PMC8133617 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Anionic phospholipids include phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and its phosphorylated derivatives the phosphoinositides (e.g. phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate [PI4P] and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]). Although anionic phospholipids are low-abundant lipids, they are particularly important for membrane functions. In particular, anionic lipids act as biochemical and biophysical landmarks that contribute to the establishment of membrane identity, signaling activities, and compartment morphodynamics. Each anionic lipid accumulates in different endomembranes according to a unique subcellular pattern, where they locally provide docking platforms for proteins. As such, they are mostly believed to act in the compartments in which they accumulate. However, mounting evidence throughout eukaryotes suggests that anionic lipids are not as compartment-specific as initially thought and that they are instead organized as concentration gradients across different organelles. In this update, we review the evidence for the existence of anionic lipid gradients in plants. We then discuss the possible implication of these gradients in lipid dynamics and homeostasis, and also in coordinating subcellular activities. Finally, we introduce the notion that anionic lipid gradients at the cellular scale may translate into gradients at the tissue level, which could have implications for plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwennogan A Dubois
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342, Lyon, France
- Author for communication:
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23
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Subcellular Localization of PI3P in Arabidopsis. Methods Mol Biol 2020. [PMID: 32632809 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0767-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P) is a signaling phospholipid enriched in the membranes of late endosomes (LE) and vacuoles. PI3P mediates vacuolar and endosomal trafficking through recruiting PI3P-binding effector proteins to the LE. PI3P is produced from phosphatidylinositol by the PI 3-kinase complex containing VACUOLAR PROTEIN SORTING 34 (VPS34). The role of PI3P has been elucidated by using genetically encoded PI3P biosensors. We previously showed that Arabidopsis VPS38, a component of the VPS34 complex, localized at the LE and that VPS38 is essential for proper PI3P distribution in endosomal and vacuolar trafficking routes. In this chapter, we describe methods for microscopic imaging of PI3P using the PI3P biosensor citrine-2 × FYVE and the PI 3-kinase inhibitors.
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Transcriptional reprogramming of intermediate metabolism gene induced by Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase in Phaeodactylum tricornutum. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
Anionic phospholipids, which include phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, and phosphoinositides, represent a small percentage of membrane lipids. They are able to modulate the physical properties of membranes, such as their surface charges, curvature, or clustering of proteins. Moreover, by mediating interactions with numerous membrane-associated proteins, they are key components in the establishment of organelle identity and dynamics. Finally, anionic lipids also act as signaling molecules, as they are rapidly produced or interconverted by a set of dedicated enzymes. As such, anionic lipids are major regulators of many fundamental cellular processes, including cell signaling, cell division, membrane trafficking, cell growth, and gene expression. In this review, we describe the functions of anionic lipids from a cellular perspective. Using the localization of each anionic lipid and its related metabolic enzymes as starting points, we summarize their roles within the different compartments of the endomembrane system and address their associated developmental and physiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise C Noack
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Lyon, L'Université Claude Bernard (UCB) Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France; ,
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Lyon, L'Université Claude Bernard (UCB) Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, 69342 Lyon, France; ,
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26
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Lu S, Yu J, Ma L, Dou D. Two phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase components are involved in interactions between Nicotiana benthamiana and Phytophthora by regulating pathogen effectors and host cell death. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:293-302. [PMID: 32054565 DOI: 10.1071/fp19155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) has been reported to regulate different physiological processes in plants. PtdIns(3)P is synthesised by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) complex which includes common subunits of vacuolar protein sorting (VPS)15, VPS30 and VPS34. Here, we characterised the roles of the important genes NbVPS15, -30 and -34 encoding PI3K components during interactions between Nicotiana benthamiana and Phytophthora pathogens. NbVPS15 and NbVPS34 were upregulated during infection, and plants deficient in these two genes displayed higher resistance to two different Phytophthora pathogens. Silencing NbVPS15 and NbVPS34 decreased the content of PtdIns(3)P in plant cells and the stability of three RxLR (containing the characteristic amino-terminal motif of arginine-X-leucine-arginine, X is any amino acid) effectors. Furthermore, NbVPS15, -30 and -34 were essential for autolysosome formation during Phytophthora capsici infection and limiting programmed cell death (PCD) induced by effectors and elicitors. Taken together, these findings suggest that NbVPS15 and NbVPS34 play a critical role in the resistance of N. benthamiana to Phytophthora pathogens by regulating PtdIns(3)P contents and host PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Lu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; and Corresponding author.
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Daolong Dou
- Department of Plant Pathology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Zhang H, Liu X, Zhang X, Qin N, Xu K, Yin W, Zheng Y, Song Y, Zeng R, Liu J. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Promotes Oxidative Burst, Stomatal Closure and Plant Immunity in Bacterial Invasion. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1740. [PMID: 32117334 PMCID: PMC7025545 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a vital role in plant response to abiotic stress. However, the role of PI3K in plant immunity is largely unknown. This study showed that PI3K enhanced Arabidopsis resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) and Pst DC3000 (avrRpt2). Overexpression of AtVPS34 promoted stomatal closure while PI3K inhibitors blocked that after spray inoculation. Additionally, gene expression of AtVPS34 was increased upon infection by Pst DC3000 (avrRpt2), and SA upregulated AtVPS34 gene expression in this process. Furthermore, overexpression of AtVPS34 enhanced PR gene expression after syringe infiltration with Pst DC3000 (avrRpt2), while PI3K inhibitors inhibited that. The production of hydrogen peroxide and the expression of gene encoding antioxidant enzyme were both enhanced in AtVPS34 overexpressing lines after spray inoculation or syringe infiltration with Pst DC3000 (avrRpt2). Collectively, these results unraveled a novel and broad role of PI3K in plant immunity which promoted stomatal closure and PR gene expression possibly via regulating ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiyong Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ningning Qin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kaifang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weihua Yin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yueqin Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Biology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Zhu D, Zhang M, Gao C, Shen J. Protein trafficking in plant cells: Tools and markers. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2019; 63:343-363. [DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-9598-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Madina MH, Rahman MS, Zheng H, Germain H. Vacuolar membrane structures and their roles in plant-pathogen interactions. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:343-354. [PMID: 31621005 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Short review focussing on the role and targeting of vacuolar substructure in plant immunity and pathogenesis. Plants lack specialized immune cells, therefore each plant cell must defend itself against invading pathogens. A typical plant defense strategy is the hypersensitive response that results in host cell death at the site of infection, a process largely regulated by the vacuole. In plant cells, the vacuole is a vital organelle that plays a central role in numerous fundamental processes, such as development, reproduction, and cellular responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. It shows divergent membranous structures that are continuously transforming. Recent technical advances in visualization and live-cell imaging have significantly altered our view of the vacuolar structures and their dynamics. Understanding the active nature of the vacuolar structures and the mechanisms of vacuole-mediated defense responses is of great importance in understanding plant-pathogen interactions. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge about the vacuole and its internal structures, as well as their role in plant-microbe interactions. There is so far limited information on the modulation of the vacuolar structures by pathogens, but recent research has identified the vacuole as a possible target of microbial interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Hur Madina
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Md Saifur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Huanquan Zheng
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Hugo Germain
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada.
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Tao K, Waletich JR, Arredondo F, Tyler BM. Manipulating Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane Tethering in Plants Through Fluorescent Protein Complementation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:635. [PMID: 31191568 PMCID: PMC6547045 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay has been widely used to examine interactions between integral and peripheral proteins within putative plasma membrane (PM) microdomains. In the course of using BiFC assays to examine the co-localization of plasma membrane (PM) targeted receptor-like kinases (RLKs), such as FLS2, with PM micro-domain proteins such as remorins, we unexpectedly observed heterogeneous distribution patterns of fluorescence on the PM of Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cortical cells. These patterns appeared to co-localize with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and with ER-PM contact sites, and closely resembled patterns caused by over-expression of the ER-PM tether protein Synaptotagmin1 (SYT1). Using domain swap experiments with SYT1, we inferred that non-specific dimerization between FLS2-VenusN and VenusC-StRem1.3 could create artificial ER-PM tether proteins analogous to SYT1. The same patterns of ER-PM tethering were produced when a representative set of integral membrane proteins were partnered in BiFC complexes with PM-targeted peripheral membrane proteins, including PtdIns(4)P-binding proteins. We inferred that spontaneous formation of mature fluorescent proteins caused the BiFC complexes to trap the integral membrane proteins in the ER during delivery to the PM, producing a PM-ER tether. This phenomenon could be a useful tool to deliberately manipulate ER-PM tethering or to test protein membrane localization. However, this study also highlights the risk of using the BiFC assay to study membrane protein interactions in plants, due to the possibility of alterations in cellular structures and membrane organization, or misinterpretation of protein-protein interactions. A number of published studies using this approach may therefore need to be revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tao
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Justin R. Waletich
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Felipe Arredondo
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Brett M. Tyler
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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31
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Caillaud MC. Anionic Lipids: A Pipeline Connecting Key Players of Plant Cell Division. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:419. [PMID: 31110508 PMCID: PMC6499208 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
How cells position their division plane is a critical component of cell division. Indeed, it defines whether the two daughter cells divide symmetrically (with equal volumes) or not, and as such is critical for cell differentiation and lineage specification across eukaryotes. However, oriented cell divisions are of special significance for organisms with cell walls, such as plants, because their cells are embedded and cannot relocate. Correctly positioning the division plane is therefore of prevailing importance in plants, as it controls not only the occurrence of asymmetric cell division, but also tissue morphogenesis and organ integrity. While cytokinesis is executed in radically different manners in animals and plants, they both rely on the dynamic interplay between the cytoskeleton and membrane trafficking to precisely deliver molecular components to the future site of cell division. Recent research has shown that strict regulation of the levels and distribution of anionic lipids, which are minor components of the cell membrane's lipids, is required for successful cytokinesis in non-plant organisms. This review focused on the recent evidence pointing to whether such signaling lipids have roles in plant cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Cécile Caillaud
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, Lyon, France
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32
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Chung T. How phosphoinositides shape autophagy in plant cells. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 281:146-158. [PMID: 30824047 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Plant cells use autophagy to degrade their own cytoplasm in vacuoles, thereby not only recycling their breakdown products, but also ensuring the homeostasis of essential cytoplasmic constituents and organelles. Plants and other eukaryotes have a conserved set of core Autophagy-related (ATG) genes involved in the biogenesis of the autophagosome, the main autophagic compartment destined for the lytic vacuole. In the past decade, the core ATG genes were isolated from several plant species. The core ATG proteins include the components of the VACUOLAR PROTEIN SORTING 34 (VPS34) complex that is responsible for the local production of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI3P) at the site of autophagosome formation. Dissecting the roles of PI3P and its effectors in autophagy is challenging, because of the multi-faceted links between autophagosomal and endosomal systems. This review highlights recent studies on putative plant PI3P effectors involved in autophagosome dynamics. Molecular mechanisms underlying the requirement of PI3P for autophagosome biogenesis and trafficking are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taijoon Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Hirano T, Sato MH. Diverse Physiological Functions of FAB1 and Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-Bisphosphate in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:274. [PMID: 30967882 PMCID: PMC6439278 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes are predominantly composed of structural glycerophospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol. Of the membrane glycerophospholipids, phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and its phosphorylated derivatives (phosphoinositides) constitute a minor fraction yet exert a wide variety of regulatory functions in eukaryotic cells. Phosphoinositides include PtdIns, three PtdIns monophosphates, three PtdIns bisphosphates, and one PtdIns triphosphate, in which the hydroxy groups of the inositol head group of PtdIns are phosphorylated by specific lipid kinases. Of all the phosphoinositides in eukaryotic cells, phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(3,5)P2] constitutes the smallest fraction, yet it is a crucial lipid in animal and yeast membrane trafficking systems. Here, we review the recent findings on the physiological functions of PtdIns(3,5)P2 and its enzyme-formation of aploid and binucleate cells (FAB1)-along with the regulatory proteins of FAB1 and the downstream effector proteins of PtdIns(3,5)P2 in Arabidopsis.
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Ivanov S, Harrison MJ. Accumulation of phosphoinositides in distinct regions of the periarbuscular membrane. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:2213-2227. [PMID: 30347433 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides and phosphatidic acid are small anionic lipids that comprise a minor proportion of total membrane lipids in eukaryotic cells but influence a broad range of cellular processes including endomembrane trafficking, signaling, exocytosis and endocytosis. To investigate the spatial distribution of phosphoinositides during arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, we generated fluorescent reporters of PI(4,5)P2 and PI4P, as well as phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol and used them to monitor lipid distribution on the cytoplasmic side of membrane bilayers in colonized cortical cells. The PI4P reporter accumulated strongly on the periarbuscular membrane (PAM) and transiently labeled Golgi bodies, while the PA reporter showed differential labeling of endomembranes and the PAM. Surprisingly, the PI(4,5)P2 reporter accumulated in small, discrete regions of the PAM on the arbuscule trunks, frequently in two regions on opposing sides of the hypha. A mutant reporter with reduced PI(4,5)P2 binding capacity did not show these accumulations. The PI(4,5)P2 -rich regions were detected at all phases of arbuscule development following branching, co-localized with membrane marker proteins potentially indicating high membrane bilayer content, and were associated with an alteration in morphology of the hypha. A possible analogy to the biotrophic interfacial membrane complex formed in rice infected with Magnaporthe orzyae is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Ivanov
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Maria J Harrison
- Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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35
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Pizarro L, Leibman-Markus M, Schuster S, Bar M, Avni A. Tomato Dynamin Related Protein 2A Associates With LeEIX2 and Enhances PRR Mediated Defense by Modulating Receptor Trafficking. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:936. [PMID: 31379912 PMCID: PMC6658876 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The endocytic trafficking pathway is employed by the plant to regulate immune responses, and is often targeted by pathogen effectors to promote virulence. The model system of the tomato receptor-like protein (RLP) LeEIX2 and its ligand, the elicitor EIX, employs endocytosis to transmit receptor-mediated signals, with some of the signaling events occurring directly from endosomal compartments. Here, to explore the trafficking mechanism of LeEIX2-mediated immune signaling, we used a proteomic approach to identify LeEIX2-associating proteins. We report the identification of SlDRP2A, a dynamin related protein, as an associating partner for LeEIX2. SlDRP2A localizes at the plasma membrane. Overexpression of SlDRP2A increases the sub-population of LeEIX2 in VHAa1 endosomes, and enhances LeEIX2- and FLS2-mediated defense. The effect of SlDRP2A on induction of plant immunity highlights the importance of endomembrane components and endocytosis in signal propagation during plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pizarro
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon, Israel
| | - Meirav Leibman-Markus
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon, Israel
| | - Silvia Schuster
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Bar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon, Israel
- *Correspondence: Maya Bar,
| | - Adi Avni
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Adi Avni,
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36
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Dragwidge JM, Scholl S, Schumacher K, Gendall AR. NHX-type Na+(K+)/H+ antiporters are required for TGN/EE trafficking and endosomal ion homeostasis in Arabidopsis. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.226472. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.226472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of ion and pH homeostasis of endomembrane organelles is critical for functional protein trafficking, sorting and modification in eukaryotic cells. pH homeostasis is maintained through the activity of vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) pumping protons (H+) into the endomembrane lumen, and counter-action by cation/proton exchangers such as the NHX family of Na+(K+)/H+ exchangers. In plants, V-ATPase activity at the trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE) is important for secretory and endocytic trafficking, however the role of the endosomal antiporters NHX5 and NHX6 in endomembrane trafficking is unclear. Here we show through genetic, pharmacological, and live-cell imaging approaches that double knockout of NHX5 and NHX6 results in the impairment of endosome motility, protein recycling at the TGN/EE, but not in the secretion of integral membrane proteins. Furthermore, we report that nhx5 nhx6 mutants are partially insensitive to osmotic swelling of TGN/EE induced by the monovalent cation ionophore monensin, and to late endosomal swelling by the phosphatidylinositol 3/4-kinase inhibitor wortmannin, demonstrating that NHX5 and NHX6 function to regulate the luminal cation composition of endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Michael Dragwidge
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Scholl
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony Richard Gendall
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, 5 Ring Road, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
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Tao K, Waletich JR, Wise H, Arredondo F, Tyler BM. Tethering of Multi-Vesicular Bodies and the Tonoplast to the Plasma Membrane in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:636. [PMID: 31396242 PMCID: PMC6662526 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Tethering of the plasma membrane (PM) and many organelles to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for communication and lipid exchange has been widely reported. However, despite growing interest in multi-vesicular bodies (MVBs) as possible sources of exosomes, tethering of MVBs to the PM has not been reported. Here we show that MVBs and the vacuolar membrane (tonoplast) could be tethered to the PM (PM-MVB/TP tethering) by artificial protein fusions or bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) complexes that contain a peripheral membrane protein that binds the PM and also a protein that binds MVBs or the tonoplast. PM-binding proteins capable of participating in PM-MVB/TP tethering included StRem1.3, BIK1, PBS1, CPK21, and the PtdIns(4)-binding proteins FAPP1 and Osh2. MVB/TP-binding proteins capable of participating in tethering included ARA6, ARA7, RHA1, RABG3f, and the PtdIns(3)P-binding proteins Vam7p and Hrs-2xFYVE. BiFC complexes or protein fusions capable of producing PM-MVB/TP tethering were visualized as large well-defined patches of fluorescence on the PM that could displace PM proteins such as AtFlotillin1 and also could displace cytoplasmic proteins such as soluble GFP. Furthermore, we identified paralogous ubiquitin E3 ligase proteins, SAUL1 (AtPUB44), and AtPUB43 that could produce PM-MVB/TP tethering. SAUL1 and AtPUB43 could produce tethering in uninfected tissue when paired with MVB-binding proteins or when their E3 ligase domain was deleted. When Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue was infected with Phytophthora capsici, full length SAUL1 and AtPUB43 localized in membrane patches consistent with PM-MVB/TP tethering. Our findings define new tools for studying PM-MVB/TP tethering and its possible role in plant defense. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although not previously observed, the tethering of multi-vesicular bodies to the plasma membrane is of interest due to the potential role of this process in producing exosomes in plants. Here we describe tools for observing and manipulating the tethering of multi-vesicular bodies and the tonoplast to the plant plasma membrane, and describe two plant proteins that may naturally regulate this process during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tao
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Justin R. Waletich
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Hua Wise
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Felipe Arredondo
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Brett M. Tyler
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- *Correspondence: Brett M. Tyler
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Physiological Functions of Phosphoinositide-Modifying Enzymes and Their Interacting Proteins in Arabidopsis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 30499079 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The integrity of cellular membranes is maintained not only by structural phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, but also by regulatory phospholipids, phosphatidylinositol phosphates (phosphoinositides). Although phosphoinositides constitute minor membrane phospholipids, they exert a wide variety of regulatory functions in all eukaryotic cells. They act as key markers of membrane surfaces that determine the biological integrity of cellular compartments to recruit various phosphoinositide-binding proteins. This review focuses on recent progress on the significance of phosphoinositides, their modifying enzymes, and phosphoinositide-binding proteins in Arabidopsis.
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Yanagisawa M, Alonso JM, Szymanski DB. Microtubule-Dependent Confinement of a Cell Signaling and Actin Polymerization Control Module Regulates Polarized Cell Growth. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2459-2466.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Zhang Q, van Wijk R, Shahbaz M, Roels W, Schooten BV, Vermeer JEM, Zarza X, Guardia A, Scuffi D, García-Mata C, Laha D, Williams P, Willems LAJ, Ligterink W, Hoffmann-Benning S, Gillaspy G, Schaaf G, Haring MA, Laxalt AM, Munnik T. Arabidopsis Phospholipase C3 is Involved in Lateral Root Initiation and ABA Responses in Seed Germination and Stomatal Closure. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:469-486. [PMID: 29309666 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) is well known for its role in animal signaling, where it generates the second messengers, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), by hydrolyzing the minor phospholipid, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), upon receptor stimulation. In plants, PLC's role is still unclear, especially because the primary targets of both second messengers are lacking, i.e. the ligand-gated Ca2+ channel and protein kinase C, and because PIP2 levels are extremely low. Nonetheless, the Arabidopsis genome encodes nine PLCs. We used a reversed-genetic approach to explore PLC's function in Arabidopsis, and report here that PLC3 is required for proper root development, seed germination and stomatal opening. Two independent knock-down mutants, plc3-2 and plc3-3, were found to exhibit reduced lateral root densities by 10-20%. Mutant seeds germinated more slowly but were less sensitive to ABA to prevent germination. Guard cells of plc3 were also compromised in ABA-dependent stomatal closure. Promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) analyses confirmed PLC3 expression in guard cells and germinating seeds, and revealed that the majority is expressed in vascular tissue, most probably phloem companion cells, in roots, leaves and flowers. In vivo 32Pi labeling revealed that ABA stimulated the formation of PIP2 in germinating seeds and guard cell-enriched leaf peels, which was significantly reduced in plc3 mutants. Overexpression of PLC3 had no effect on root system architecture or seed germination, but increased the plant's tolerance to drought. Our results provide genetic evidence for PLC's involvement in plant development and ABA signaling, and confirm earlier observations that overexpression increases drought tolerance. Potential molecular mechanisms for the above observations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, section Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, section Plant Cell Biology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Ringo van Wijk
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, section Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, section Plant Cell Biology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, section Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Roels
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, section Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Bas van Schooten
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, section Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Joop E M Vermeer
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, section Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Zarza
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, section Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, section Plant Cell Biology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Aisha Guardia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Denise Scuffi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos García-Mata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Debabrata Laha
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Phoebe Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Leo A J Willems
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilco Ligterink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Hoffmann-Benning
- Departement of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Glenda Gillaspy
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Gabriel Schaaf
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michel A Haring
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, section Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Ana M Laxalt
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas (IIB-CONICET-UNMdP), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Teun Munnik
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, section Plant Physiology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, section Plant Cell Biology, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
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Tejos R, Rodriguez-Furlán C, Adamowski M, Sauer M, Norambuena L, Friml J. PATELLINS are regulators of auxin-mediated PIN1 relocation and plant development in Arabidopsis thaliana. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.204198. [PMID: 28687624 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.204198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated cell polarization in developing tissues is a recurrent theme in multicellular organisms. In plants, a directional distribution of the plant hormone auxin is at the core of many developmental programs. A feedback regulation of auxin on the polarized localization of PIN auxin transporters in individual cells has been proposed as a self-organizing mechanism for coordinated tissue polarization, but the molecular mechanisms linking auxin signalling to PIN-dependent auxin transport remain unknown. We used a microarray-based approach to find regulators of the auxin-induced PIN relocation in Arabidopsis thaliana root, and identified a subset of a family of phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (PITPs), the PATELLINs (PATLs). Here, we show that PATLs are expressed in partially overlapping cell types in different tissues going through mitosis or initiating differentiation programs. PATLs are plasma membrane-associated proteins accumulated in Arabidopsis embryos, primary roots, lateral root primordia and developing stomata. Higher order patl mutants display reduced PIN1 repolarization in response to auxin, shorter root apical meristem, and drastic defects in embryo and seedling development. This suggests that PATLs play a redundant and crucial role in polarity and patterning in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Tejos
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, 111093 Iquique, Chile
| | - Cecilia Rodriguez-Furlán
- Plant Molecular Biology Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, 7800024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Maciej Adamowski
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Michael Sauer
- Department of Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lorena Norambuena
- Plant Molecular Biology Centre, Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, 7800024 Santiago, Chile
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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Pizarro L, Leibman-Markus M, Schuster S, Bar M, Meltz T, Avni A. Tomato Prenylated RAB Acceptor Protein 1 Modulates Trafficking and Degradation of the Pattern Recognition Receptor LeEIX2, Affecting the Innate Immune Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:257. [PMID: 29545816 PMCID: PMC5838007 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants recognize microbial/pathogen associated molecular patterns (MAMP/PAMP) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) triggering an immune response against pathogen progression. MAMP/PAMP triggered immune response requires PRR endocytosis and trafficking for proper deployment. LeEIX2 is a well-known Solanum lycopersicum RLP-PRR, able to recognize and respond to the fungal MAMP/PAMP ethylene-inducing xylanase (EIX), and its function is highly dependent on intracellular trafficking. Identifying protein machinery components regulating LeEIX2 intracellular trafficking is crucial to our understanding of LeEIX2 mediated immune responses. In this work, we identified a novel trafficking protein, SlPRA1A, a predicted regulator of RAB, as an interactor of LeEIX2. Overexpression of SlPRA1A strongly decreases LeEIX2 endosomal localization, as well as LeEIX2 protein levels. Accordingly, the innate immune responses to EIX are markedly reduced by SlPRA1A overexpression, presumably due to a decreased LeEIX2 availability. Studies into the role of SlPRA1A in LeEIX2 trafficking revealed that LeEIX2 localization in multivesicular bodies/late endosomes is augmented by SlPRA1A. Furthermore, inhibiting vacuolar function prevents the LeEIX2 protein level reduction mediated by SlPRA1A, suggesting that SlPRA1A may redirect LeEIX2 trafficking to the vacuole for degradation. Interestingly, SlPRA1A overexpression reduces the amount of several RLP-PRRs, but does not affect the protein level of receptor-like kinase PRRs, suggesting a specific role of SlPRA1A in RLP-PRR trafficking and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Pizarro
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Silvia Schuster
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Maya Bar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Tal Meltz
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Avni
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Adi Avni,
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43
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Noack LC, Jaillais Y. Precision targeting by phosphoinositides: how PIs direct endomembrane trafficking in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 40:22-33. [PMID: 28734137 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Each phosphoinositide (PI, also known as phosphatidylinositol phosphate, polyphosphoinositide, PtdInsP or PIP) species is partitioned in the endomembrane system and thereby contributes to the identity of membrane compartments. However, membranes are in constant flux within this system, which raises the questions of how the spatiotemporal pattern of phosphoinositides is established and maintained within the cell. Here, we review the general mechanisms by which phosphoinositides and membrane trafficking feedbacks on each other to regulate cellular patterning. We then use the specific examples of polarized trafficking, endosomal sorting and vacuolar biogenesis to illustrate these general concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise C Noack
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRA, F-69342 Lyon, France.
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Wu C, Tan L, van Hooren M, Tan X, Liu F, Li Y, Zhao Y, Li B, Rui Q, Munnik T, Bao Y. Arabidopsis EXO70A1 recruits Patellin3 to the cell membrane independent of its role as an exocyst subunit. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:851-865. [PMID: 28815958 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The exocyst is a well-known complex which tethers vesicles at the cell membrane before fusion. Whether an individual subunit can execute a unique function is largely unknown. Using yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) analysis, we found that EXO70A1 interacted with the GOLD domain of Patellin3 (PATL3). The direct EXO70A1-PATL3 interaction was supported by in vitro and in vivo experiments. In Arabidopsis, PATL3-GFP colocalized with EXO70A1 predominantly at the cell membrane, and PATL3 localization was insensitive to BFA and TryA23. Remarkably, in the exo70a1 mutant, PATL3 proteins accumulated as punctate structures within the cytosol, which did not colocalize with several endomembrane compartment markers, and was insensitive to BFA. Furthermore, PATL3 localization was not changed in the exo70e2, PRsec6 or exo84b mutants. These data suggested that EXO70A1, but not other exocyst subunits, was responsible for PATL3 localization, which is independent of its role in secretory/recycling vesicle-tethering/fusion. Both EXO70A1 and PATL3 were shown to bind PI4P and PI(4,5)P2 in vitro. Evidence was obtained that the other four members of the PATL family bound to EXO70A1 as well, and shared a similar localization pattern as PATL3. These findings offered new insights into exocyst subunit-specific function, and provided data and tools for further characterization of PATL family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyun Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lu Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Max van Hooren
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Science park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyun Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanxue Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bingxuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qingchen Rui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Teun Munnik
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, Science park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yiqun Bao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Abstract
The membranes of eukaryotic cells create hydrophobic barriers that control substance and information exchange between the inside and outside of cells and between cellular compartments. Besides their roles as membrane building blocks, some membrane lipids, such as phosphoinositides (PIs), also exert regulatory effects. Indeed, emerging evidence indicates that PIs play crucial roles in controlling polarity and growth in plants. Here, I highlight the key roles of PIs as important regulatory membrane lipids in plant development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, Halle (Saale) 06114, Germany
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Dek MSP, Padmanabhan P, Sherif S, Subramanian J, Paliyath AG. Upregulation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) Enhances Ethylene Biosynthesis and Accelerates Flower Senescence in Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum L. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1533. [PMID: 28714880 PMCID: PMC5536021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) is a key enzyme that phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol at 3'-hydroxyl position of the inositol head group initiating the generation of several phosphorylated phosphatidylinositols, collectively referred to as phosphoinositides. The function of PI3K in plant senescence and ethylene signal transduction process was studied by expression of Solanum lycopersicum PI3K in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum, and delineating its effect on flower senescence. Detached flowers of transgenic tobacco plants with overexpressed Sl-PI3K (OX) displayed accelerated senescence and reduced longevity, when compared to the flowers of wild type plants. Flowers from PI3K-overexpressing plants showed enhanced ethylene production and upregulated expression of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase 1 (ACO1). Real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis showed that PI3K was expressed at a higher level in OX flowers than in the control. Seedlings of OX-lines also demonstrated a triple response phenotype with characteristic exaggerated apical hook, shorter hypocotyls and increased sensitivity to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate than the control wild type seedlings. In floral tissue from OX-lines, Solanum lycopersicum phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase green fluorescent protein (PI3K-GFP) chimera protein was localized primarily in stomata, potentially in cytoplasm and membrane adjacent to stomatal pores in the guard cells. Immunoblot analysis of PI3K expression in OX lines demonstrated increased protein level compared to the control. Results of the present study suggest that PI3K plays a crucial role in senescence by enhancing ethylene biosynthesis and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Sabri Pak Dek
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.
| | - Priya Padmanabhan
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Sherif Sherif
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
- Virginia Agricultural Research and Extension Centre, VirginiaTech, Winchester, VA 22602, USA.
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Vermeer JE, van Wijk R, Goedhart J, Geldner N, Chory J, Gadella TW, Munnik T. In Vivo Imaging of Diacylglycerol at the Cytoplasmic Leaflet of Plant Membranes. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1196-1207. [PMID: 28158855 PMCID: PMC6200129 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol (DAG) is an important intermediate in lipid biosynthesis and plays key roles in cell signaling, either as a second messenger itself or as a precursor of phosphatidic acid. Methods to identify distinct DAG pools have proven difficult because biochemical fractionation affects the pools, and concentrations are limiting. Here, we validate the use of a genetically encoded DAG biosensor in living plant cells. The sensor is composed of a fusion between yellow fluorescent protein and the C1a domain of protein kinase C (YFP-C1aPKC) that specifically binds DAG, and was stably expressed in suspension-cultured tobacco BY-2 cells and whole Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Confocal imaging revealed that the majority of the YFP-C1aPKC fluorescence did not locate to membranes but was present in the cytosol and nucleus. Treatment with short-chain DAG or PMA (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate), a phorbol ester that binds the C1a domain of PKC, caused the recruitment of the biosensor to the plasma membrane. These results indicate that the biosensor works and that the basal DAG concentration in the cytoplasmic leaflet of membranes (i.e. accessible to the biosensor) is in general too low, and confirms that the known pools in plastids, the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are located at the luminal face of these compartments (i.e. inaccessible to the biosensor). Nevertheless, detailed further analysis of different cells and tissues discovered four novel DAG pools, namely at: (i) the trans-Golgi network; (ii) the cell plate during cytokinesis; (iii) the plasma membrane of root epidermal cells in the transition zone, and (iv) the apex of growing root hairs. The results provide new insights into the spatiotemporal dynamics of DAG in plants and offer a new tool to monitor this in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joop E.M. Vermeer
- Section of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, NL-1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne-Sorge, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Present address: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich 8008, Switzerland
| | - Ringo van Wijk
- Section of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, NL-1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Section of Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, NL-1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Goedhart
- Section of Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, NL-1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne-Sorge, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Joanne Chory
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Theodorus W.J. Gadella
- Section of Molecular Cytology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, NL-1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun Munnik
- Section of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, NL-1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Section of Plant Cell Biology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, NL-1098XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hirano T, Stecker K, Munnik T, Xu H, Sato MH. Visualization of Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-Bisphosphate Dynamics by a Tandem ML1N-Based Fluorescent Protein Probe in Arabidopsis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1185-1195. [PMID: 28158631 PMCID: PMC5921506 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2] is a low-abundance phospholipid known to be associated with a wide variety of physiological functions in plants. However, the localization and dynamics of PI(3,5)P2 in plant cells remain largely unknown, partially due to the lack of an effective fluorescent probe. Using Arabidopsis transgenic plant expressing the PI(3,5)P2-labeling fluorescent probe (tagRFP-ML1N*2) developed based on a tandem repeat of the cytosolic phosphoinositide-interacting domain (ML1N) of the mammalian lysosomal transient receptor potential cation channel, Mucolipin 1 (TRPML1), here we show that PI(3,5)P2 is predominantly localized on the limited membranes of the FAB1- and SNX1-positive late endosomes, but rarely localized on the membranes of plant vacuoles or trans-Golgi network/early endosomes of cortical cells of the root differentiation zone. The late endosomal localization of tagRFP-ML1N*2 is reduced or abolished by pharmacological inhibition or genetic knockdown of expression of genes encoding PI(3,5)P2-synthesizing enzymes, FAB1A/B, but markedly increased with FAB1A overexpression. Notably, reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly increase late endosomal levels of PI(3,5)P2. Thus, tandem ML1N-based PI(3,5)P2 probes can reliably monitor intracellular dynamics of PI(3,5)P2 in Arabidopsis cells with less binding activity to other endomembrane organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Hirano
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-nakaragi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522 Japan
| | - Kelly Stecker
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Teun Munnik
- Section of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam 94216, The Netherlands
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Masa H. Sato
- Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo-nakaragi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8522 Japan
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Gerth K, Lin F, Menzel W, Krishnamoorthy P, Stenzel I, Heilmann M, Heilmann I. Guilt by Association: A Phenotype-Based View of the Plant Phosphoinositide Network. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 68:349-374. [PMID: 28125287 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-041022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic membranes contain small amounts of phospholipids that have regulatory effects on the physiological functions of cells, tissues, and organs. Phosphoinositides (PIs)-the phosphorylated derivatives of phosphatidylinositol-are one example of such regulatory lipids. Although PIs were described in plants decades ago, their contribution to the regulation of physiological processes in plants is not well understood. In the past few years, evidence has emerged that PIs are essential for plant function and development. Recently reported phenotypes associated with the perturbation of different PIs suggest that some subgroups of PIs influence specific processes. Although the molecular targets of PI-dependent regulation in plants are largely unknown, the effects of perturbed PI metabolism can be used to propose regulatory modules that involve particular downstream targets of PI regulation. This review summarizes phenotypes associated with the perturbation of the plant PI network to categorize functions and suggest possible downstream targets of plant PI regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Gerth
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
| | - Wilhelm Menzel
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
| | - Praveen Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
| | - Irene Stenzel
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
| | - Mareike Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; , , , , , ,
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Konopka-Postupolska D, Clark G. Annexins as Overlooked Regulators of Membrane Trafficking in Plant Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E863. [PMID: 28422051 PMCID: PMC5412444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexins are an evolutionary conserved superfamily of proteins able to bind membrane phospholipids in a calcium-dependent manner. Their physiological roles are still being intensively examined and it seems that, despite their general structural similarity, individual proteins are specialized toward specific functions. However, due to their general ability to coordinate membranes in a calcium-sensitive fashion they are thought to participate in membrane flow. In this review, we present a summary of the current understanding of cellular transport in plant cells and consider the possible roles of annexins in different stages of vesicular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Konopka-Postupolska
- Plant Biochemistry Department, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-106, Poland.
| | - Greg Clark
- Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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